貽/:㡻
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ݼ:
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ݻڴ,ԺƷ趨
̤;;Ʈ··Ĳң;ϡ
鵤౾Ԫϸ˶ףǡ
𵤣ѪҪͺ𵤡ϼ֣˷ɼҡ
ԪӤԻأԪӤɽʥ̥⣬ﻻЦֻء
ڤϸڤǬϤ¶ɷȥΡ
飺Ǭ𶦽ᣬһͳ衣ЦټɣǧҵϾɢ
ͷ磬һǬС֣Ϊ֤ɡ
װ趨

鱦
ƷƷƷƷ
ͨԪ
ʯ趨
һ鼫Ʒʯ൱һپƷʯһƷʯһƷʯ
趨
硢
趨
һ׶Ӧһ㣬׶Ӧ㣬׶ӦŲ
Ľ׶Ӧһ㣬׶Ӧ㣬׶ӦŲ
߽׶Ӧһ㣬˽׶Ӧ㣬Ž׶ӦŲ
ʮ׻ΣӦԪӤڡ
趨
ӹӦһ㣬ƷȶӦ㣬ƷȶӦ˾ųɣƷȶӦĲ㣬ƷȶӦ߰˲㣬ȶӦ𵤶㣬ۼȶӦ߲
ԱʱɱԼһΪʿ
ϣȾͻӵǣӤ

鵤趨
һ׶Ӧ׶Ӧ׶Ӧ𵤣Ľ׶ӦԪӤ׶Ӧڤ
ÿ1.ҩ
ҶɴСͰװֵģϲѧ˵ʱǹɻ龢˭˭ޡ
ǣ࣬һͻĹֲȫ˼ת
Һӵ˲ҪôкҪôǸղˣҪôҹج˵ҶȴͬԵúã˯úãȲգҲкɾۼ˲ϵȥһֱݵƤǡ
ţԭÿɰһСкҲˡڿʼη⣬ֻҪ⣬ͺͷۡ
Ҷɵĸĸ˳ҽȴûһҽ˵óҶɵ׵ʲô˵֢ҩˡ
Ҷµ游Ǹ֪Ψһӵ˹ֲ޷ҽżˡΪ˾ӣҶүӱ˳зأȫҳ˽ӣҶɽȥ
ȻҶүӸոձ˷أûнʱһʿҶݡ
ʿͲʮģһɫĳסݸ߸ߵĸӣһĵ۴ϣտյģʱпܱˡ
ǵʿһҶүӣ˵үӣҿްѰɡ
ףҶүӾȵĿǵʿûн⻰硣
ǵʿҲΪ⣬װģָ֣㣬˵һСк˹ֲǺˡ
ҶүӼǵʿָģɵôһ㡭֮ˣ
ûǵʿӦƶ
Ҷүһʱ˵زˡ˵֮ͨ쳹صı죬ʥϣҲҪ֮Ϊʦʦҩء
֪ʲôð취
Ҫ˺Ӳźжϡḧź룬Ӧţǵõ˵ģ
νͶҽҶүҲ˲Ϸֱʿ١æ󳵣ⵤʿ
ǵ˼ҶɺҲûѰҽֻ㿴ۣ˵첻㣬ʧ֮״
ΪҶɵĹֲҶɸĸҽҲ֪Щҽʿ˵ЩײĻоЩɣĪǸƭӣ
£װŪƭӿɲ١ͨûа취ߵ٣ϵƭ飬ʱз
ǣҶɵĸҶ˵⺢оŽ׳ءҲǳԵúã˯úãô첻㣬ʧ
˼ҶʣҲҡٺЦ׳ãԵúþǺǿ棬ȷܹ׵ġ
ҶЩҪײ䡣ҶүӸϽ廰ˣзӿɾ𣿡
кѡЦţ֣Ҷͷϰ˰պ
˵գҲͣתˡҶҵ˹ȥк״Ƕûз֣ǵʩֲסĲţ˶ȡ
ߺ󲻾ãҶɾͺҪéޡéһףǰʱĻѵ˳ʱԼžˣⶼپ¡
ȻЧ
ҶүӴϲҶЧҲٻɵ˵ݡתʼģ֮ǵ˻᲻,
ĵ죬ԼϴŵĻǰǼֻۣԵЩˡ
ʱҶ˶ѵ˵Ǿȿѵˣﻹ˵Ϲ۲Щϸڣǽӭڣõ衢㣬ʸ֮
ǵ˸ź룬˹ʵߣ²α꣬вαϲ߲α֪꣬һ߰
ϲߣϲߣȻϲߣҶүӼæ˵
ϲ߰ʱԳΪѵӣʦһ񵤣ȿαꡣֻҩףҩžΪΣ֮ء
ǷգⷬװģĻҶ˿϶ŵˡǣǰЧˣҶֻҶôһ磬ǵѾ
ǰĴ滳ɵҶʱϽ˵˵ڣÿҶҶᰴʱ
һǺЦƶ£޶ˡɣ㸶Ҿˡ
ҶЩΪѵĿ˿ϸסⵤֲ˵׸ô
Ҷүӵ곤Щ¶Щϣ˵˴£Ҷҵر
˵գҶүӻݣ˸̴ľϻӳϻһ򿪣˿۾ֱˡϻӽӲӵģȫǽӣ
ǶӣЦɡʲôǲҶҵȫ
Ӱˣû뵽ҶǮǮ󶼲÷βˡװŪơ
ֿ˻ȴҪװģһŰ̴ľϻ¡Ȼ֣صóһСӡ
һſñҩ衣ҩС϶󡣿Ȼ⣬ǹ˱Ƕҩ㣬ҲͬķΣҶ˵֮ģĿ֮£Ҷ˵ĸˡ
ʦһ֮֮ƶɣʵ޼֮⺢Եˡ£ɳ꣬ٲ
лˣлˣҶү΢΢Ľӽ˹ˤˣǶ
Ҷүȴ֪ǵ̴ľϻʱ飬ʵԼҲ̫࡭
ߺҶŪˮҶɰҩˡºҶɵûǰʱéޣֻǳȺȻۼ˾͸Ӿ
ٽգСһ׳ʵֿұץүүĺӣ͵ְֵ̲ݣĴˡһڣǶӻֵ
ǣû룬þʮ꣬ҶͻȻٴβûݳƤ֮⣬ʱһģһ
һͻ**ϾҪ˵ĸоȴһ˵Ŀĥ˵ĹֲҶʹΪ˲ü˸żʱ޿̲ҧţӲûйһۡ
ֻǣǲ԰׵ɫʱʱʪ麹˵һС˿׷Ѱҽ
Ҳǵ˵ùҶҶӣϻңǰȥѰҽҶүײ˸š,
ֲˣô
ҶүӵĻҲЩŻšʦԪû취εĹֲǺã
ˣѵûо𣿡˸ҶүӲݺᣬҪ¹ˡ
Ҷ˵ǴûлɹˣϾ˼Ҹĵҩӽʮʱ䣬Щƨҽҩǿ̫ˡҶүֻ£ӵĲبѰõĸˣԽ
ˮధˣٿԼΪֵ壬˲̾˿˵µֻпŵܾ֮ܲˡǻС
ˣûˣҲˣҶүӼæ˵š
˼֮óˣ˵Ҷ˼ңȻЩǮơЩλһĳɵߣǲκνġⵤ˿ٴγǴϲ֮£ﻹࡣ
̴ӻͳһƱ˵һǧƱһȥöӹлˣ
˵ݹƱ˺Ķһ뵽Լڱ鵤оûɵĳһƬơ
ⵤҩˣԵҪǮ˴ӻͳȵ껹Сӣ֣ص˵ⵤҩЩԵҸ֮أãммǣ
ʲôǼ֮أ
겻ɽ֣ǧϹլ
лָ㣡ҶүæĵͷӽڻУҹ˻2,·
û룬Ϊ·ϵ̫Ҷү˷纮һ˾͵˼֢󲡲
ǰҶүӰһ˽еǰȥɽţҴţǿȥ겻ɽַҩ
ҶɿţүүҩҶүȴЦЦ˵˵ˣҩֻô
Ҷﲻ֪үү˼үүϳҩ޵ѾֱӾͿ˹ȥѹүүѾȥ
һ˱İүͻҶذᣬȻ󣬰үӵ׼ͣȥţҴţǿ
˵ҶүӹȥʱܹҶүӶݵ׳ǳѹǣ˵Ҷүӵ֮ḻȴǳΪѡ
Ҳϰǣֻǣ겻ɽȥǳѡСү飬¡
ţǿҶɣ߼·Σɵҡͷ̾
Ҷɵĸĸγûһ㣿ǣǧϹլ͸Ѱˡ̽Ϣϻ֮УֻлǣȻϰζȥġ
˿ĶӣҶҧ˵ֻƴһˣɹҲ㡣
ҶٿҶɣţǿ̾˿ֻҡͷ

Ҷ״㼱겻ɽѽҲܱǧլýǻʼ֮أǡ
˵ʲôţǿҡŵͷȻסˣСүҩҲǧլã
ҶţǿͻȻӦ㶣Ȼ󣬾ϲķʵôǧլ
ɽһǧլţǿָָ棬˵ֻ̫أȥǱߡ
ǧʷҶЩ÷
϶ֹǧꡣţǿʮֿ϶ӦСʱܣ˿ºڣҪȥլ˿ʯͷҼǵլǰſôıšꡯڶһǧʷˡ
úúãҶ˵ͷɶоˣоˡ
ǰоˡҶɵЦţڿڴ֣ӡתүүԣٴڶ߻졪
лĻݵΪʦɡҪи֮ˣɱҶƽ
үүҲˣһԸ
Ҷţţǿ˵СүЩЪϢ˾ҾʹȥǴլ
ţ壬ھʹȥɡɽҳŵסҶִֵͷƣ壬ţǿоһ޷۵
⡭ţǿ˿ҶֻҶ΢΢˵ͷҲӦ
ţǿ˵ɽûޣҶҲûٶ׼ʲôӶ̧ŵĻͣҶڸĸ³ˡ
һɽʱ˻ûʲôɵ˵ڶɽֻߵɽ£һϢֱ顣
ɽȻ˺ްҲֱϣɾñһɺµļⶼͣķ,
һǡô𣿡Ҷһߴһʡ
ûУ֡ţǿϾ׳ʵʱж˵üͷɽֻɽƮһƬɫƶ䣬ɷǺÿ
ʱû䡣һ߰ĺӣҲܹȥ
լ©©ɽˣҶܲˣԭرQֱš
լҲû䰡ţǿĵĿŻϸźޱҶɣСү𣿡
ãҶҧأֵ
ţǿǳɽˣ￴Ҷڼ֣̾Ϣһ˵ͣһͣյȽˮȣůһߡ
û˷ţǿİţţǿĴ£Щ֦ȼ𡣼ȽˮȽůˡ
ٶȿЩߣţǿһȣߺһ䡣ǣûüӦҾ;ǰһһ˵ǰ
ţǿһһһŮ׿Ȼ
ӴԼжʮ꣬޳ͦΣͷңӿ쳣ţǿ˫ĿȻڳ˵ʹâ
Ůӣֻʮģһͷ˿˳㷢΢̣ƵᣬɰľǸޡ
ţǿԾǣ˴ŲࡣһϮɫŮһϮ°ɫ˿ʳȹʢʱڵװ硣ֵ֮ˣţǿȵ˵
Щ֮ˣΪʲôҪȥɽլʹâʵ
ţǿû֮ˣһʱûӦҶ˲ۼˣ˵˵Ǻܿ׹
ȥСҶβҶϽǰһĻش
֮֮˸дͨʥ϶ҵοԼЩͨϰաԣ̶ҶִӺ⡣
΢ͻһЩʵʲôҪȥɽլ
ڶ˵ɽլˣҶʣֲʣֻǻشСֲֹɾǵĵ˴ҩڼ֮طãЧ
ǣˣλŮ˵ˣЦԭǻǸϵʲôʱɡˡˣ
ЦǺǵĿʦã˵ǻȻ˵㣬ҩķȫʧˣܻǻЩҩġ
˵գҶ֣ҪʲôҩȻҪڼ֮طãҿ
ҶʮΪѡ
֮˵Ҫ޷ҩǶӵľҩϸ׻ֹ죬ôó
ҶΪѣŮֽЦϵˣǿɾˡѲɣ㻹̰īҩ
Ů˵Ҷ޷ֻʾҶɽҩó
ȷǻڹõӡֻһУҶеӾͷ˹򿪵ϸƣһḬ֮̃ɫһ
ҩǲðӺϺиǣҡͷ˵,
ģҶŰɡ
ɻΪ̰ԼҩЩţϾʮǰǵĵʮӵĲȴָˡ˵һεҩ軹ʷݡ
Ůĵûʦֵ˼˵Ȼˣʦ;һȰɡ
ҪЩֽţʦãҲ֪Ƿʦȥ·ӡɽլģûʲôʱ䰡ҩҲܱʮġ˵ţƽҩŻӣҪͻء
ӣҶЩˡʮġⲻǸǰһһ
һĥԷҪҩֱȥԼҲû취赲ҩˡ
Ҷ֪ǣʵϽʿǿλɰŮִϵĶŮ˲Ųǿ
Ҷţͨһڵϣͷ˾˾
ʲôһӣһ͵ҶҲϾֻҪЩֽšǷɽ¾Ҫȥˣʱ䣿һ֮ˣҲţð찡
Ů룬˵ʦ֣Ҳð죬ҩòм𣿰ȥˡ
Ů˷ӣȴ״Ҷżˣе˵ҶбʣܾСҶҵҲϧ
֮ˣĻư֮кôӺǺЦ
⣬⡭ҶԶԡ
ŮݵòεҶɣϧʦ˵򣬵ƹʦ֣ǴȥɣҲԵ
⡭ðɣʦģʦõġӾӣҶ˵ⵤҩҪȥоһ£ó
˴ȣҶϲ⣬ﻹںⵤҩӷ˺һ˼ĽҩУҲõʡ
гɣлؼңȥˡ
һҶɣƼˣֻôһ仰
ߺҶŷ֣ԼȻ֪Ůļɣɽδ3.
˵ǶŮŲҶɣֻʱ䣬͵ɽլǰ
ءҲ֪ʹʲôֶΣҶɾһûо䡣
鵽ЩֶͨΣҶԽ档
үүһԸҶаԷġ
ǶŮҪЩ⣬ֲ֪ôƺǡ
Ů˼ϸ壬״Цҽ˼ʦַ룬Խʦ㣬ʦ֡
ʦ㡢ʦ֡ҶɸϽһȻʵ֪ʲôɣɽδ
һģ۾һգգĶɽլ˼öˣЦɽɣŻɽϻɴɡڲҪʣǷӡ˴˴ȥ·ٸ˵
š
Ҷɵ˵ͷٶ˵ʲô鼤Ŀŷ롢˼ſ֮˵ֶͨΡ
ֻóһдֵĻɫֽдʡȻһӣֽͳլȥƮƮһĹ֮ϡ
ӡˣǻȥɡ
ˣҶɲգգ۾
С˵£Ϊ֮˳֣϶ǹ⻪ɣƹܴġȴû뵽Ȼƽľͽˡ
һ˿ɡ˼죬˵һεʦָ鷳񡣡
һЦҪ˵һ׵ͻȻϮ͵İûзƷڵء
Ҷԭͺˣ͵һˤ̾ʹȥιȥ֮ǰϡһЦ
Ҷٴ˼չԼŭţϷȥģһŨڵ򶷡
ʦ㣬ʲôˣ
Ƕ̣˼䱸Ĺ۲ܡ
һ˼ҶɻǸСӣѹͲ֪Ǻ
̾Ƕභ֮Ĺ֡ǰʦ⴦լп̣ܲʩչֶΣӡˡȻÿ꣬ͻ¼ӷһΡû룬ѾӡȻǲ˶̣
̺𣿡ҶʲôԶʲôܺ档
˵˼ص˵ǣ̵֣Լղһ鷨󡣡
鷨󣿡
ǡ˼һ߾ţһ߽͵˵Էʦ߲Ϊɱ̴´ࡣǶ˰ʱȻûзֳʤǣʲôط¾鷨󣬲ϵڲ
ʦǷ󣿡
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˼˵ҶҲĴ
Ҷһӣ˼Ц嶼أӦġ
Ҷɲ˼ЦЦ˵Ļȥֻ۾⻹ʱʱ򶫱ߵǿʯܾǵطЩֵֹġ
ϣֶ˺һӣڽһźɢȻ󣬼һƿӵһĽ󣬶̱սƿ,
Ƽ̱ܣ˼䱸һӾͷˡֺǺЦʦֺ֣ôĶ̶ľƿˡ
ϣֳ־ƿķҲ־ǸˡϣҶɵĸоȴԽԽá
۾ٴǿʯ֪ôģںȻһֳ嶯Ҷ͵ط˼ײһߡ
Ҷʦܣʲôģ̣
̣ʦÿ㿪
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ʲô
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ҶĸоʱȻоͱ˸һҩ˳ź˶ڡ
ҩʱûõһӱñڵǹһֱתŵҲ֮ͣȻͣ٣ҶȴøոջõûбȥѲȥ
ҶʦܣҶʦܣѹˡ
۾һۿģ˼ϲЦݡƯϣһۡ
ȻҶɾ
Ҷʦܿụ̈
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ոѹҶɣûȫӻľϲлعһʱûʻ
˼ȴΪҶΪԼ˺صˡϽƣҶɵĺ󱳣ϧĽͽҶڡҶɾϲķָ֣о͸ղŲֻ࣬ࡣ
ʱĿ⸴ӵƳһ˼һҶɣ̣ҶʦͿˣ
ҶԻ󣺡̣ʲô
һֱǿʯļһָŶߵǿʯ˵
ûֻǾЩ֡ҶɺʵĻش
˵ͷ˵ǾʶȽǿˡ
˼ǵһ˵ʵʦ֣ʶǿʲôô𣿻᲻޵
ȴһЦؼģȥһ£û
ţ
˼صӦһЩڴĿҶɡȴ֪Ҳ˷͵͵ԼҶɣв֪תʲôͷ4.ҩ
һƼҶɲһ¶ǿ
Լһ˵ĻҰɫУ˿˿ɫĹâҶҪȥȴʲôû
Ҷʦܣʲô˼Ҷ̵ģú֡
Ҷɲ˼Ц뿴ΪʲôǿƼ
˼ЦƷʦŴӮġ˵㶼ûֻǸӡ㿪ʼˣֻҪΪûгʦ̫࣬ôܴõ
ԭҶɻȻ룬ѹЩ˿ȴ
ҶɳݵĿ۰ǰ棬˹ֵķ롣˵ʦֶΣ֪ʲôʱѧ
˼ĵͷ˵ʦֿɽɵʮ߲㡣ʦ˵һʮʱ䣬ʦ־ͿɹΪɽĳأ
˼ĴޣҲ¶һ˿Цݣȴǫѷ½ɺ࣬ſʤΪΪ㲻ʲô
Ȼⷬǫѷ˼һ̾
ҶȴЩͿ
½֪ģټһϻԱȴҲֻ½ϵһСҶѡǣʲôЩȴİúܣֻÿѯʡ
˼͵ɣǾ֮֮УؿڣϹɴܾЩؿڣ̷ֳ˲ͬ磬ÿϸֳ˾ŸΡ
Ϊһؾ磬Ϲʫƣ̤;;Ʈ··Ĳң;ϡһؾͣ߳;ҡ򽹼ð߻ħ֮£ʤʦΪ٣ȹ̵ģѵһˡ
ҶɵͷҲ̾䣬Ȼʵôڡǵڶؾ翩
ǵģͻƵһؿڣͻڣΪɽɵĳϡҵĲʿŶɽִõĳϣ
ôҶɾĸ̾һʵôͻ֮أ
Ǿǽˡ˼㽵еѪҪͺ𵤡ϼ֣˷ɼҡͨ󣬾㲻ҲУˡɽ֮ϻɴɣҲΪмλԵʡ
ֻǽɣҶԽĺ档
ǲͻ˽ڣͿԳΪˣ
ǵģԺԪӤڣ˵ԪӤԺмΡԪӤ涼ѵһˣģƶû˵˼ҡҡͷЦʵ֪Ҳûôҵġ󲿷һӶͣڣܳΪʿͺ˲ҶʦܲҪ̫ࡣ
ҶɺǺЦʦѵǡ
ɽλɽͨҪȥûв·Ҳ÷ɽԽ룬Ϻüµʱܵɷ뿿״ķֻ˲ʱ䣬ͻصɽɡ,
һ·ϣҶ˺ö⣬˼һһĽҶ˽˲Ļʶ
ոսɽɵķΧͽ˷
ʦãҶʦȥҩãȻȥʦ
˼Ծʦ֣˵ҪҶʦܲ𣿻ȥʲôҩá
ϵ˼ʣг񣬺ǺЦһ·ȻҶʦܷЩ鵤α겻α²ʱʲôⰡȥҩôһʱ䣬Ϊһ¯鵤ѲˣȥҲ١
˵Ҳǡ˼ͷ˵ҼǵòҩиĵǷʦֵܰɣʦֿҪúչһҶʦܡ
ȻȻӦУȴ֪תЩʲôͷ
ĵطǰɽҩѾԶʯ˲ԶͿһòķӡ濴ⷿӷģɳģûκαʶɽ֮ϣէһȥΪһƽ˼ҡ
ƿ˽ȥ˼ҲŽȥˡҶûгɣһ̤Сӡ
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濴éݣ澹Ȼޱȣ
ǰһƻֺΡռعģеĻʹԺ
̨࣬ͤ¥һֵģ͸һ˵ء
Զȥɽ͵֣β򡣸ķΡ֪ɽ֮ɷ裬裬һɼҾ
ССһ֮ңȻ˴ı仯
־˵ı仯ҶĿɿڴҡҷܵĺҧ⣬ʹԼȻ˶񣬳ȥֻոտǵ۵Żѱøߴʮɡ沼ص·Ҷɲ֪⣬ֻ಻ѡ
Ҷȴ֪ʱķҲͬԾС
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뵱꣬һΪʽ̤֮;Ҷɣȴ̥壬ôֻһСܻأ
˼ȴ֪ľ㵣ЦôҶʦܣһɡ
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ָҶɣ΢΢ЦҶҶʦܣҸʦɽլġӦȥ볤Ҷʦϴڲҩõһʱ䣬Ȼȥ,
Сһ׮ˡظ֤ţҶֵܣʲôҪ㾡ܸ˵Լֵܣǧ
Ҷɻû𻰣˼˵˵ġҶʦ仹ûţðʽӶԴ
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ҶʦܰҲ֪¿ΥģЩֵĵطǲȥҸ徲ģȥٵĵطס£㿴ôв徲Ҳڵ
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ĵطûʲôȥˣԲԣһˣνЩʦ־ܰšҶĵͷ˵
ٺһЦҲٶ˵Ҷһɽ塣
ԭ԰ӵĵӽȥսõսóˣʱҴܡܵ߹νףȫʳҲɷ棬ḯáĻҪʲôҶʦܾܸ˵
ܺˣܺˡŸɾķᣬ˵Ļ㣬Ҷĸˡ
ҪӶ𣿡
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ǺãҾȻȥˣһʱ㡣˵ͷòƹĵĿǿһ䣬пվͳҩ䣬Щ滨ɢԷҲкôġҩзػֻܴӱ룬Űʯ̵·ߣɫʯͷܽȥ
ˡҶɸмĵͷĿͷɽ뿪ˡȴ֪Ƿ롢ֵܸԼµĲ·5.԰
Ҷ֪ҲжݣҩֲģһЩԺǿĶݡ
ҩз󱣻޷͸ɱҩԣҪʲôû˵ҲûҶȴⶣҶɶȥҩ䣬նģǸո;Ҷ֪һжܺٺ֮󣬾ȥҩԿ۽ȥˡ
öޡҶɴû黨ݣΪƯ涫棬ǽζ
ҪľЧ˵뿪ʵɽһȦʩչ͵͵˻
ٺ٣Ҫĺ˭û¸ҪӢ۾أۿҶ߽˶԰¶ЦݡҲǵһΰﷶ͵͵ܵˣԣһ־ĺ
ĵ˺һӣҶӦˡǣ׼ȥһơǣû¶ΣͿҶɺö˶˵ĴӶ԰˳
⣬⣬ôܣ񲻸Լ۾ࡣ
ûȷҶɡǵû԰Ķõģ
ģˡɴ۾벻ףڵʦҲ÷ŸҽȥҶôûѲǽ棿
˦˦ͷƵͷӵԺ뿪ˡô죬øź
ʱҶɣ֪ԼѾѷһֻ֪ҩŨĲҩȴǶԼкô
һڲҩͻĸоһģһĺڣ֪ôһ¡Ҷɻصᣬϴ壬˱ɫˮȾ˵·һν˶԰
ŨϢҶһڣʳ֮һתȫҶɸоʮҩ˼Ȧɫĺˮһ˳Ҷĸоڱǿ
νˡҶɻ˼Ļֻǲ֪ôʦ˵ֻҪѧ֮Ϳ̤;ѧϰϣܿЩѧϰ֮
ڵҶɻôӶзŨֻЩھɢǣȻ⡣֮ʿһĻ϶Ҷɡ˷ѡ˷ҲûкôɢеһЩǻĴҶɵĽǣԽԽǿ
ҶһȭͷǽڴҶдһĳ嶯ҩгҶɾûеڶˣĴƣĿһʯͷϡ

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ҩһӣɫĺˮһΰ͸ˡʪ·ϣ˾úܲһΣҶûٳȥϴ廻·᲻óȥûˣҶɸɴ·ֻҩﶫ䡣԰ˮʱϴ塣
һֱ̫бҹĻ٣ûȥ˯ˣҶȴ᲻ߡ
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뵽ҶҲҹ䣬ȥ졢̵棬԰Ƭɾܷĵط˸״̣ݲ˯
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ҶСӹͦģ롢ֵȴɵˡʿĶ԰Ҷɾ氲ңֱ̫ס
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Ҫȥĵİ͵ˣ
벻õĵǳӰСӻúܣֶˣ϶³ʲôԾ
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ס˵ͷֵڶ԰ȭŪȵҶɣڿһ6.ϵ
ƻ仯죬ûȷº֣һ֮ʹ˶԰
ⲻ֮ǸеձСͷһƴֲɵ·ƤͰ͵ģũ
ҶȴûΪͷòѰͨӣɶߣһԼҪ棬ɲˡ
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ҶɸϽ˫ϥأ˰ʦ񡣶쿪ĵĴЦţЦ쳹7.ȥ
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ҲסˣһȥʧӰ١ĳڼѱɿŭĴ磬ϡﻩģֻºٺЦĶ죬ԼĿɿڴҶ8.ؾ
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ִҶɣ˵ȥؾѡ񹦷ָҪˣ룬˱Ҷɡ
&lt;&gt;ĻšҪе鷳ȥʱܱȽϳԼšɽ;ȥµϢֻҪⱾ飬Ҿҵ㡣,
ҲúáóһŽӲӵеӲȵķǽѶҪʲôΣգһٶȸϵ
Щ͸Ҷɸ𣬴뿪ˡǣƨɻû뿪ӣֲĵĶɣӸӣҪѧᱣԼΪʦǰʹ뿪ȥùūսǱҪҪʹϵν˵ֻȫһƬġҪ©ĵסмǣ
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ŶڵĲؾҲ´ҶɺþãȷҶɵȷûʹκΪķ֮ȵ˭ĵӣôôأ
ҶʵʵĻشҲɽɵĵӡ
ʲôüë͵һƣŭȵɽɵӣôĲؾҪѣСҰִã
ȻؾָҶɺʣִá֣ڵҲ̲סһ¡
Ҷȴ޷ӦɳȵӦȷʵɽɵӣʦؾѡ
˵ţҶɰʦִ˳
ִؾϲһ
ִֻõִСʲôͷ
գ֮䣬λؾתǧ䡣޷٣صѹɼ˵
ؾ̱һЦǺ˵ȻִôˣˣСֵܲŶˣɡ
Ƽתؾǰʮ˾ѡֱĿҶɽ˲ؾǲŷ׷С
ƼûִСĪλĺ᣿
û˵ɽɵ𣿡
ѵ˽ӣ
Ҳ˵
ǰ²׷ףԽԽסҶû뵽ԼһɽִȻֹԼҥԡԺ֪ЩҥԣȴҲȥʲô9.׶
СֵܣԼתתҰң
ղŻɫϾĲؾϣѾʮ㡣׼Ҷɿ϶ִĳйϵæϵ
Ҫִ֪ɽǿƵĵطĳϣֻҪ˴ȫҪޡ޿ɲͨޣÿһõػʴⷨġһͳȥŲĶᱻѪӡӡ
Լû˭֪ԺᷢʲôأҪܸҶɸùϵԺõϡ
ҶҲǸⳤǰƺ󹧣ĵ¾֪ôһ¡ҶҲûƴǣѵҪײҪԼҲɽɴ̫ãòŷ˼ȥˡ
ǣҶɺǺЦλϣһʺ֪ð
۾ӶͻˣԹԣҲ̫˰ɣɽ꣬òƻûʿš
ִãнıԺ϶ɽɵĴﰡϰͽ֮ĸʤ
롭񹦣У̫ˡ׾ǺãϧǲбСֵΪ֮󣬻鷳ȥҰˣ֪Сֵôƺ
ʵһֱҶɵİҶɿ˺һӲʳҲΪ˴Ļϵ
ҪǷڹȥҶɿ϶ֻᱻϵжˡǣʶ˷롢ֵܵ׵ƭϵ
ҽҶɣ֪γƺҶɲ䲻ȵĻӦš
ⷬȣóϺһ̾䣬ؾ峤ϣҶֵܽˡ
Ҳһڵʿһ˳ֵܡҶа˼䣬ȴû¶ʲôرɫ
˹أϣĲʺã
ҶûԼֵܣȴ鲻˺üȱ㣬˵Ҳ&lt;׶&gt;ʺҶֵܣҶֵܿ
аҶνĵ˵ͷҪԼ϶ǲϸ˵ġ
Ҷϵؾ¥һƫƧĵطҳһ
ˣʶܲ鿴ʶԽǿ鿴ݾԽࡣҲܱ֤ĹᳬʶΣõħ
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һ£Ҷɾͼɽլǰ顣
˵ʶǿԲŻῴ̡õʱָоܿݡ
ĥţҶ۶򣬻ζʱĸо
ֵɵˣš׶졷о֣ѵҪֳ򣬾ܲ鿴찡ǽܰ쵽鰡
һˣӵнǰǿʶҲֲ̫˵㣡
䶼ȥĨͷϵ亹˿ӰҶɲ鿴
ȴ֪ҶɾȻǸ⺺֪Ÿʶ鿴ƽľ˺һӣǿģʲôû,
Ҷûз֡үүÿʱÿ̶ڼƶǿǰ
ҶһֱŬ򿴣Ҳ֪ʲô飬ȫҶ˾˿վ˺ܳʱ䣬üʿ·һĻ
ǿǲֳִС𣿡
ǰҲڣôˣ
Ҳʲôط
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ʿ۷׷ףԭͰ汾ڶġҶԣİ汾
ֹ˲֪೤ʱ䣬ҶûйԼŬվģϸֳһּ
׶죬Ʒ޴˹ͬһвκƿԲ߿״ףκƾ鵤
ܵģҶɿ˺üٸ֣һֱ㣬Ҳȥˡ
лˣҾ⹦ܲ
ҶڶˣҲһΪʿʱվҲûʲôϰµģºֶʲôģҶѧϰڽˡ
Ц⹦ȷʵ˵ģ˵κƾ鵤ͻƾƿ顣
𣿡ҶֻǾ⹦ͰԵͦʺԼԸȴûйһλ
ȻˣԴŵĽ͵Ҷֵܿ»֪ͻƾƿ鵤ǳѵáͻƿʿڵֻŴǰԼΪ´͵ʿܻáЩ޸޵׵ɢޣƷʯһ˵𵤡ԪӤ鵤ˣ½Ҳ̫డֻҪˣԻ
ȻҶĵ˵ͷⲿڴࡣ
ˣҶֵܿڼˣ
ֻĹʶ̫ˡҶɸ̾һ䡣
类׸Уʱ;ý·飬վˡ
찡һˣôܿ㣬ȻԼʶ̫ңһ̵ֶģСӸòĸҵİɣ
ɵţϿ϶˵ŬЦݣڨڨ˵ҶֵܵʶˣԺ϶ɽᵤɳԪӤġʱ򣬲ҪЯһҰ
Цͦ٣ҶëͷСӶܿóҶɻΪǲԼ˵ЩûҲû⻰Ц˵޹ѡˣһĴתתȥæԼ°ɣˡ
õģõġͷҶ߶һ̣ͻʲôĴԼٶȣɿʧ֮10.һ
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ҶɻǸˣЩʿÿȥøߴĹšҲֻ㿴òŷѾȥҸߴĶ
㷭һ֮Ҷɽףֽš˿񡢲ƥ¼ģĹţƤ޹ǡľ¼ģǵԶ֮ʱ֮أȱˡ
ǣҶЩȱĶҲȥ˷ʱ䣬ʶȥרżֽ鼮
ҲûȥЩƷĴͷԼֻǸˣɲܺøԶЩص󷨡ء鼮Ҷɾ͸ûûȤȥоˣΪûǸݶϣͲҪϹġ
һ̭ؾĲȻ̺Ҷɿϸȥȴûж١ԣܿҵһܸȤķ
ֻʩչһΣܳõǱʡ
עδԪӤʿ޷ֱӲ鿴ֻҪԪӤ缰ʿģʺѧϰ˷
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ϻ˵ĺã͵Ǹ
Ҷţ˸տĵطͿʼ
Ҷɲ֪ؾﲻҲ⣬һĸһţӳһʲôģðЩ˰
ڣûҶ˵أæϵֱҶʸŻˣҲ˶ԣҶɸûʶԼΥˡ
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ܿ죬вؾѲߵĵӿһĻȥֹûüͱ
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УͲ֪˰ɣִģ
ôţ棿Ҳһ
ûһղһǱأ϶ҹСҲҹܣ
ңңлָ̣лл
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ǣЩֲùԶҶͦ棬صķСӣؾЩʲô
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Ҫ֪ͨʿǱʮͲˣʮļ٣ʮĸһ˭Աû¸ȥԼ㳨ôҲιۣҲʲôˡ
ֻҶļһŻᵣԼļƷʲôõ顣ʵϣɽɵ࣬ɵʱҲͦҶĵӣȴһûС
ΣҶɿʼƽһˡ˿ǶôҲѾ²
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Ҷɿ鿴ýζˣȴ۾ˡ
СӵʲôôҶоģ
˭֪أôãⷨɣҲùơ
еִĿ϶ѰˣҲ϶Ѱˣüʱķ϶Ѱķɣһ¿۽ҲǺõİ
λŲʦܣиɻ˷׷׵ͷ顣һĵĵһʱڵȵҶϴЦǱСŻԭ¥ˣƷľͷһĳ˹

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ҶŸˡ׶졷򣬻صסĵطʱѾˡҲǸСС壬ǿʿֻѡԳ֣ɸ㶨
ڷЩɢİèһ仰ɽɵӾͶжˣҲѡ
Ȼѷɱ˸ɸɾȴһӵĻ𡣶ţĵӰͷˡԼ˵ʲôһɽжҶҲǶȵġɱ롢ʱѾǽʹֻɱҶɣ
ǸȻѾ˷ţٴμҶʱû
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Ҷɼɫ䣬Ϊ첻ԼסֻС˵ʦȥ£ҪסȻŲԸ⣬Ͼߡ
𣡡һתһƣû˵Ը⣬ղ롢쵰㡣
ŶҶͣȴûȫ졣췢飬һ˶˽䱸
Ҳɾˣöӵģ״ʱҶɵǣҲûж˵ʲôԼĸضﰲһԺ䣬ŮҶȥϢˡ
찲ŵԺ䣬Ҷɶ԰Ǽ䷿˲֪ٱҶɽһ죬ƣѹûԺкζ֮Ů½ңڴϾͺ˯ˡ
ڶһתƣҶŷԺĲͬѰ
סĸضǲҩһͨͨСӣȥȴĿѣĴء
Լס⴦Ժ䣬ͬͦСͦ죬ۡһ߽ȴ̨ͤ¥󣬾䣬һȥ֪࣬жټ䡣
Ժ䣬Ǵ󸣵ضеСض죡
Ҷɾò죬ߵŮѯʵλ㣬Ժ䶼𣿡
ôܡŮҲͬȵĻش⴦Ժ⣬ֻŵԺСض졣⴦ԺһǰΪĿ˾סģѵ֪
Σ֪ʲôôҾôסˣʦݻͦġ
ҶΪףҲûʲôòȥлʹԺ׶졷ˡʱס
Ҷʦֶȥؾѡ&lt;׶&gt;
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ǲƷȷʵʺϷǣҲһȱ㣬ٶȺ
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ԭܼ򵥡΢΢Цһ湦Ԫⲿ&lt;׶&gt;ԪءôǣԪƿƾǿֿףȻ֮ԪѰͻơǣƽ䣬ٶȻˡ
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תһ룬Ҳеʮȫʮ֮£Ҫ鵤ͻƿⲿҪٶΪۣͻƿѶȡеñʧ֮,
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Ҷ룬˵лָ㣬ҺϲⲿһŬġ
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ҶѾɢΪʦɢ޶ûʲôƸҶԼʦҲʯò꣬鵤ӣ˵ķеޡѵҪѰһ׬ʯķѧϰ
Ҷĥţ˵ݶΪʦǸоƽûʯ鵤ϰΪʦӦ鵤ǴСضҲ㣬Ũ&lt;׶&gt;кô
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пһĥһͽܷɽ
춫Ǹ㻹ǵ𣿡
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ɽЩȵĿʦͷʾԼ֪ˡ
룬óһ鰵ɫƣݸɽҲʱټɽɵӰæȥɡ
鰵ɫƣɽɵо˫֣ӹƣСĽƷŽСȻʦʩһ񣬼ɽ12.
Ҷɻѡ׶졷Ҳȥתһ룬⹦ʦŪֵģûʲôϵǣҲİõĴɽˡ
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ղŵǳӢˣָȥأ
ʺɽɵĸضԼֲȥáһĨڣ֪ôˡеĽ뵽ʦҪҪ죬ܲڰлɡ
Ҷ룬ȥɽլ
Ҷɵһθоӿ塣Ѿ֪̹ԼʱڵġΪԼԵԸʴԪԶ˵ֻ޺塣
ȻڹլҲвϵܰԵ̶£òСˡ
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Ҷɱ԰һµǰ֮塣Ѱ޳ֿȭܶԸˣȺӵģȾܣҲû˭׷ϡ
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Ҷţˣȫ߲ˡ
үүϻһ
Ƿƿү¡
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Ҷȴ֣Ȼû
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ҶʶǰֻǷͬѰˡ
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µҶɵٶȣǴûٶȱԼҪˡʧȥٶƣʲôɲˡ
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׷ǲ׷ҶЩѡ
ѱ׷ȥŨĵطԼǿѰһ֮ء
Сһ㣬ĸȥ
ûп̫ãҶеĽѶҧҧʩչԶԶ׹ڶһν13.̶
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ҶɵٶԶǣԣȻҶʼձŰɵľ룬ȴҲܽסǡ
ɽм˼ʱҶɿǶܵһˮ̶ͣڶѽºܵ͡ˮ̶ȴɼˮ𣬿ɼһȪˮ̶
Ҷɾϲķ֣ˮ̶Ũ
ˣǲѱģޣ
Ҫ˵ҶҲãǶʵյ࣬Ṳֻ֮̋СǡҶҲǰֻ̤;ȽϣҶɻЩСռϷ硣
Ȫˮ̶ǰֶ˺һӣҶڽǸɱռ⴦ССء
ҶɽɴоõŨԶ綾԰˵ĸضˡҲ̫ࡣһطͿʽʼ׶졷ˡ
ڹȥһҶѾǰھù졣ѾѰĵطҪóشʼ
һֱҶɵķɽҲЩ棬ʿ۹⣬ȻܿҶɶöĶ
Ȫˮ̶Ȼûˮޣ̫ƽЩ
ɽûóȻˮ̶̽飬ȫȫҶɵߡ
Ҷɿɲ֪Լһ̤;СȻһλʿԱʱİա׶졷ϼصĺɷ塣Ȼ·һ·Ԫһ·ɢȫ塣
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ڡ׶졷ڼƷ书ϸµÿһеÿһ㣡Ҷɻõġ׶졷˴ڵ󾳽ʮ߲㣬ܱ֤ͬһоƿ
ԪӤڣǸʿԴˣҶлﵽԪӤ磬Ҳ⡣
ʱҶɣ;õһĹֻһźɽ壬չдһֱܿԪ۳ʵ壬΢΢âһɹ
Ҷ֮ϸ鿴ڲǺģЩڵҲȻһ˿â
ҶҲûļûָһԾܴﵽһ㡣ֻǾܵıֺɣһֱԼȥΪֹţȻʱ䡣
ػҶɵķɽüͷ
ʿʱƵģΪԽ͵ʿʱԽ̡Ҷɲܲˣһֱȥ¶мˡ
÷ɽüͷǣ֮鿴ȴûҶʲô
ǸƾɽЩͷ
Сʵ̫Źˣѹʦôɡ֮˵£Ҳûκɽаһ䣬ĵȴ
ܿ죬һʱȥˡҶɲԲȣҲûкβסʱʹ֮鿴ƺöͷһ֡ϸȥʱǹâȴû,
ǿɹˣҶдϲڷܵ
ػһԵķɽԽԽԾݼŵҶûпɽǿǷԪʵ֣һȻոճֵԪʵ̾ɢˣֻҪȥֻܿ֡
Ȼֻ˲ʱԪʵһγ֡һΣǳȶûʧ
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Ҳѹַɽᾪȣʮ꣬ѷ֮ˣҲҪ²Ԫʵ壬ѷɣҶֻ˶̶̵һ죡
÷ɽӳԾǣҶɴӰͳһɣڳԽֿʼˡ
µĲ𣿡ɽȵõɴ۾
ν;Ʈ·;ʿΪ̫ħʱ򣬲ǶаޣĻɢ
ɽɱĵӣɽ϶ҪǰֹˡǰСӹأʦǴĽɢ޶죬ԼʦԼбɽΪСӿ϶֪ħ֮¡֪ض֣Լɲɽ֪ҪҪ죬û̹Ҷɡ˼ȻҲᵽħ֮£ֻûϸҶɲûȥǡ
ʱҶɣѹûħ£ͳײľͽӲȥˡ͸ЩõߵСһ²ûʶΣա
Ա߰лķɽȤĿҶɣΪԼҪ֤漣
ɽĺҲ룬ҶɵĽðʹҶɸո̤;Σա
ڶ㹦Ϣһʱ֮ҶɵԪħ14.ط
ûħֻԼ֪ǿʿҲ÷̽һ˵ߴʱ࣬ȣϢҵԱػʿͻΪħҪȡ
ſ漣ķɽʵҲûģһĵѾģʱ׼ȥҶɷá
ǣɽûϵ׶졷⹦ѰͬΪԪ˫ޣͬʿҪǿࡣħҲʿ࣬Ϣҡ
Ϊԭ򣬷ɽһδҶʱԺǶΪаޣȫҶɵ컯ˡ
ʱ˿̣Ҷƽһμħ
ħ֮Ϊħǿջò֣ԽŮòֻ֣ǷӦٲȻͻὫԪѪ֮أÿֲѹ塣
ҶɿģǴүү
ӣ̤;ˣҪŬҪͣ
үүүү
Ҷɴȥ׷ȴүү
үүĹ𣿡ԣҶһ飬ˡжԹ
䣬ӵг̶Ȳȵ
Լûио䣬үүҲû
ǡħ
Ҷڼ˼˵Ļǣô˼û˵ô
ܻţǧܻšҶҧأƴԼ侲ˣȰɢ˿
ɢѣѸٵɢԱˣʿʱ׳һСҶ֪Щһ뷨ȥֱǵΪ
Ҳɢ޹ͬص㣬ΪܴԼ·ҶԼĶ·ڴ˿̳֣
ҶɽڵѱɢʱžžģһشسС͵硣ЩɢûĴƮɢһȦһȦҶɣҶɰһӡ
һ׵Ĵӣ
ɽɵˣֱ仯ȫ
Ȼ©
ɽ粻֪ôźáĿһɨҶɺö˶˵ĻţԪâҲû̫仯һΪ򣬷ɽҪ򣬰ʦˡ
÷ɽûҶɲӵѵõĻԵ
ޡ׶졷֮ÿƿҪӦǿȵ״Ԫ⻰˵򵥣ɾˡ
Ѷ֮һ޳ӦȥѰǿȺʵףÿԵ
Ѷ֮Ԫ˴壬סطศηҲԸһ֮г̣ǿɾ½ˡ
ҶΪ˽ħɢȥû뵽ȴһС׳ΧϵײţͷųһһףȴҶɵִҶɵԪ
״ԪԽԽǿˣħҲȻȻˡҶҲȥɻԼΧŰ
һҶɷڵȫϣҪɲȥֲ뿪С͵׳ô죿,
Ҷһ͵վͷ׳
ҶһһɰѷɽŻˡǹ֮ôվѵ߻ħˣ
ûȷɽжֿҶһƨȥ
⣬⡭ɽͷ亹֣ʵǸ㲻ˡ
ǰʦɣһʲô£ҿɵ𡣡ֹţɽ˴Ѷ
ĽǵĸˣҶΪԼɽģһ⣬ϹøԼƴǣϵȪˮ̶ߣȴûзκεˡҶһ׵֮Уö˶˵ģëûС
ɽʲôˣ
ʦԼɣѾͿˡ
ʱ쿴ҶվˡһգۣСӾȥˡ
ʱɴ۾ôһ£
Ҳ֪ɽЦúúõģͻȻͰɢˣԼ档һͿʼȻվȻȥġȲ߻ħָһʦǲ&lt;׶&gt;ط
ɽ죬Ҳֻܷ֪ۡ׶졷ôؾô๦ţֻ֪Ҫص㣬Ҳһȥϸо
컹ҪڳһʦϵģһȷҶûг״֮󣬵ͷ˵ȷطΪʦ£Ȼȥˡ
һ仰ҶΪ˵ħײ׳ԼΪһվĹŹΪͱλɽɵ˸ΪطˡȻȥϸϸĲ鿴һ顶׶졷ûзд˼¼ǣΪάԼĹӲǼٽĳԪӤʿ֮߳һ׶طʰš⡰ط15.ϸ
ʵϹʱ߲ûɴϰߣԣԿֻǺоöˣִʺҲ̶ȵļħ֣γ˴Ĵͳö֮ڵǷΪǲš
СҶɲ֪ȫעС׳ϴԪΪɿšո۳͵ԪâԽԽʤҲڻӡ
ʱķɽѾЩľˣС̫óһŲ㣬ɹҲûʲôϡġڵԪâûдﵽˮ׼˭֪ҶҪáģ˼ķȪˮ̶ϡ
أܻЩԭɽɵڣΪмʯԲŻּض졣
һֳԭǾ˲˾鷨Էɽ֪ȻȪˮ̶ûˮޣǾӦˮ̶һ˹ľˡ
ϹʿĶĳʿΪⲼõģ
ǰߣɽʿŲϧһдȥ̽顣ǺߣǾûʲô˼ˡ
ɽĿȴһ֮赲СɽĥǲӦóҶû뿪ȥ̽һȴԼȥ֮ȫҶʲôΣաǼʦŭԼɾҪԲ˶ˡ
ߣƣɽӴóǿ鰵ɫƣԥ
ڷɽΪѣȨ׵ʧʱҶǱ˱仯
ΪղŵС׳ˡҶպ«ưڵɢǿ׳ܿ죬׳һֱʮɵľ޴
˾޴Ҳ˸ҫ۵׳ɽҼĿ鿴ǿв鿴㲻ûԼ۾
ô׳ҲǡͨʿˣҲ˱ᡣӦòұˣȥ
ɽţֲ¼ʾʩչˮ֮Ծˮ̶ڷɽԾˮ̶󲻾ãҶ־µ
ϸա׶졷Ͱȥʲô֡Ҷɳ;ðħ֮УɢȥΧ˸С׳һ١һǰףʼͻƾƿˡ׳ԽԽǿԽԽǿڣǿԿϸ
鵤౾Ԫϸ
νڣڴˡ
ʵ廯Ԫǿһ̶ȣͻһƣͻٳһգϸϸ˼ǣֻҪһ磬ʿԪͲٲȡǹϸ֮ˡ
Ȼ٣ֻҪϸδȻԪԶݣʿ
˵ҪͻŲƣӵǿԪٳϸҶɾȻԪδ׳֮ʱǰٳգϸ
ȻϸǿȡûܸʿᲢۣϸҶ˶õĺô޷,

ҶԵɵɵģ档ʱ֪Լ
ףΪʲôһС򣿡
ֻв϶Сͨ͸ʱʱе֡ҶŬ룬Ȼ֣ҵԪ񣡡
ûҶ֮Ԫʵ塣ΪֻһΪνԪǳС
ôﻹҵڿôɵһƬʲô
Ҷֻ׶졷ǰĹ֪ϸһûоΣգͿʼĴ
һһٶȾ˵Ŀ죡
һ˲֮䣬ͷɳȥɡոճԾҪͣԪܳȥ˺üء
ԪķٶȾȻ죬ǷķҪ
Ԫ̬档ɽȴҲһ촩Խ
ʱ˿̣ҶɵһеĸܵΪʲô߿ΪˡΪΪԽԽҲΪΪԽԪԽΪĳо
ĵҷ˺һӣҶ侲˵Լڻ֪ô֪ˣҲɰ϶СС̬ڣ˶Ȥ
˷ܾȥˣҶɿʼĥãôȥ
ڵߣϤ֪ʶֻҪͷһתͿлҶΪصľײٳϸȴ֪Ӧôźá
ȣΪֻҪһƴɣͻƬɵ򣬻صȥ״ǣ˲֪೤ʱƴУȴȥϣ
ʱҶ֪Լд鷳ˡҲȥİ취ͻᱻԶ
Ҳô׾ܻ
ҶΪΡգ׳ҶɵŬǿ䶯ݣЩʼɢʱԶմһҵĴ
ûãһӰӿѸ׹䣬һĻߣ޷赲ٶȳҶɵ׳УҶײ˸࣡Ͳ׳Ҳ޷ȶЩѸɢȥܿʧӰ١
˭ײң
һ֮ҶȻ֣ԼȻ16.
ݣϽףôһ㣿ˣϿӰɡ

ոշԼҶӻûȫѡɵͷɵԵĿǴѪĲŮӣ֪ΪʲôҪԼӡ
ûǲŮӽ͡
~~~~
ϴһ̶˻ͷһֻһֻͨѩףΨצźɫâķֱǿѹֱһֻҶڸ޷ƥеݣ
Ͻ÷ŮӴһ
Ѳ˵ûС
ֻͻʹҶƵֻʩչǱܡ
ǲŮȻˣȴ͡һѼģĽɫŴӾͼȥ
ǴѼ㣬ͷһŤ๺ݺݵһģǰѴ˲ͱĳ˼Ƭ
½ݡ
ŮӿЦһ̣ҶɵٶҲǴĶ֣ʩչ׶졷ϼصĵͼϵֵȴҲ֪ܲá
ؼʱ̣Ȫˮ̶ͻȻԾһӰ

~~~~~
ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬸ղֻޱȵݾͱһɽɼ飬ѿԭΪԼҪ군ĲŮӣȻǰһӡ
ĿһȻ͸ΪŮӸϽʩ񣺡лǰȣ֪ǰγƺ
ҶȴȫûеͽʿԸ߽ʿľôôϵϢͦϤϸȥӣȴֲǼˡ
ɽҶԼ̲סҡ
һ飬ʱҪò϶ᱻСһ³ˡΣôҿУ˵ز˾
ɽϽ˸˰֣˵Сһ׮ˡ
˵գҲͨɽ뿪
Ŀͷɽ뿪ǲŮӲؿڣ˵ǺȻǰ̶ҪȻ϶װӥצˡ
˵꣬תͷҶɣѵСҲ̫˰ɣôֻܣûм
ҶɿЦһ̯˵ûз
ǵİɣûУŮ´ҶɣоҶû˵ѣǣͷ̾Ҳ֪ԭû˵ѣɢްҽ£ˮʲô֣ĸģ
ҽҶɡҶɱ֣Ȼ󣬲ʵʲô򣿡
㲻֪ʲô򣿡¶ʱɴ۾ˣô㳣ʶ
м˰ɡҶͷȫҲ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䡣
ҶɵĻش»Ȼ
ԭǸոտʼѹûзµ˵ͷ˵ɢ޾ۼĵطҲЩС塣ȥˮɣǰֻװӥˣ㹻ȥ򼸼ֵķ
ڵҶɣѾǼǰǸ߾ͻͰ͵ĸߵ¶ˣҡҡͷ˵һҪһӡҲҪ㶼ȥˡ,
ꡣˣֱǴɵӵɢ޿ɲҶɣոտʼܻ֪ɢޣһʯ鵤Ϣģٶ̫ˡ
ô֪컹鵤ջš
ҶﹾţϺǺܵǲˣʱ仹Ҫؼȥ̷˫ס
ΣǸԽԼˡ
ƲƲ죬ķѵװӥʰȻӲҶһݲϣҪ뿪
ǣû߳ȥȻתˡ
㡣
ʲôҶɿµݹһֽ֪⡣
ϻķֲͼţͨˣѡһطȥ
˵գ²ٶ£ʩ˸ܿʧҹĻ֮С
Ҷŵͼ˺һŸ̾к˰
߸һҲклз롢ֶ֮ˣҲ˼ԸˡһݵľҶ롢Щģ𽥱ů
͵ͼҶɷϻǲ١Ǵλɽ֮УҲЩ׳úܽǲʲôԲûб֮˷֡
Ҷɺܿҵ˵ˮһɽٳӵ򣬾λڷƿڡ
лᣬȥˮתһת
ҶɻȥԼֻһΪȥҲֻа۸ķݶɲÿ֮˶
һʱ䣬ˣٵȥ
Ҷţݲݵĳ˵㶫ֿʼص17.ץ
ûϵǣҶɵǳءԴ׳Ԫ壬Ҷֻ軨ѱʿٵöܿΪڷɽļ֤£ҶԿֲٶֱ嵽㡣ٶȼȥ໨ʱ䣬Ҷɾܳɹˡ
пӵķɽҶɵٶŪúΪҶɻȥʱҶɺȻˡ
ʱҶѾ˽ʱ䣬ʼЩ
ϾҶֻǸʮꡣտʼӴʱΪ㽣ϵܳһʱ䡣澢ȥƣҲȻȻĳˡ
Ѿ㣬ǸҲΪȥתһתӦò۸ɡ
ѶյͼָʾҶɳžˮȥ
ʵɽܹѡԸҶɾȥһֱɹͲԼˡ
ȥʲô򰡣ģҲʦ񰡡ҶԶȥıӰɽǳա
ɽҰɽʩչҶߡȽʿڣɽɾͲܼˡ
ҲãҪ֪ɢ޴УȻһʿ㲻Щڵɢ޻Ϊǳɱˡ
ɽһ£ھʦƣһŲɽɵӹ
ʱϵʲôΣգϧһд۾
ɽɵӣ˵һЩҶɵġšμˣҲЩ˷ܡ
ʦ壬ף֤񣡡
˻ɽͦ˵ġ֪ΪЩŵġšԲŻ˻϶÷ۡ
ΣɽʱֻβŲɽɵˡҲᱻҶɵٶֱӴƽһξãԶһڵСһǶôҸ
ǣɽҸˣǸƵĵӾͲҸˡ·һʱһμʶҶɵ
ǶϱУΪͽܣҶȻܶ˶ĴСοҶ̵˽ʦ֮ԻԼΪͽΪԼʺãҪǣʵʦյ
ʵǰҶɹȥӣϲ浶ǹӲǣھ˷롢֮£ּʶʦ赶ɱ˵ȫ֮ܽѾ֪ΪʲôĿģյǶԼܺõı
ǣھʱץһһʿȥ
ġĻ࣬Ҷͱù졣ҶɿϹǧֻʱʹȥץһֻǿĹȵū
Ҷһ壬ɰƸŻˡ
ֻӹûʲô˲𣬹ǧֻӹȴǵġοҶɳֿȭһûóӲ壿
ƶʱץˣҪλ˵иִĳλСϵСӹˣԼ϶ҲûùӳԡϽһѷɽȥٶҶǱ߳塣,
ɳһƾͷֲԾˡ
ձӹΧҶɻеæҡһתۣ֪Ҷ˸ʲôӣȻŪһ޴ĵ򣬽ڶȸˣ
ȻҶɾĴ⬵ҴЩȴҿˣȻڶ࣬ȴҲֻбҶ׷õܵķݶ
ɣϵСӾȻ
з˭ѧ硢ϵȴӵжӦıѧ
ɣǸʲôϵʿˣ
ӣ֪Լ嶯ˡҶɸ֣ԲŸ塣ʱҲѾ¶òҶɻɵĿˡ
ǺǣΪΣգԡ
ƾԼ⡣ҶĿĿһ˵ͷ
û⣬鷳ˡ
ףס
Ĩ˰亹Ͻߣɽ˸ѶϢ
ʲôôͱ¶ˣ
Ҳ밡˭֪ȻŪһô͵ĵأսϵʿˡ
ȥȥȥǸŸ찡
ɽûİƸˣƻûΪԼסԼŲʿиһĶûסȷʵ̫ˡ
ƵǣߵԶˣȻӵɽĴ
˸˵飬Բܸκ˵Ҫ©˷Сȥִã
ƶʱ;ҪѪ
ôҶˣ¿ˮʲô
ѪѪȴ治Ҷ˵ʲôִã棬˵״ӣĸǲ𰡡
ƾԼҸ轵ͬʱҶץƽһֻȡ
ǳɫƷȣ
ϸ˿ȣҲûбǿģҶɾ;ǳá
ʦĿǼƷҹƷߣԴ⼼ܡƷͲ˵ǸͨɶܶûС
ʱƣòʱԼķɽֱҶɸ׵ˡ
⻹ãʮֻҲѵóһֻƷȣֻмǧֻȻͳֻƷȣѾһˣ
ɽʱСٴܵشɱ֮󣬷ɽȻ뵽òǸᡣãھ챨һС
ϸ˵һ֮󣬷ɽ˵ʦҾãڵʵԼˣܲһֱɡ
˵ץһֻƷȣǸطҲ൱
ǵġ
ǺðɣԻˡ
ɽ̾;ƮƮģԼڽˡ
ټŶԶ18.ټ
Ҷɲ֪ԼıѾһʿܴˡɹֻƷ֮²ʹƽһֻūȥѰһڡ
ūֻǿ߿ùūΪʹƷūƷū͵ڶöͨԴٶȡ
ȻƷūѵһҲδץסҶڵ뷨ǣܵĶʹƷĹūǣȥ崦֮󣬾ͷԼǰܺˡ
ÿһڶܲȣƷȸÿһﶼС崦ڣҲͼʮֻӹһֻûСҶɵһץĵطνǷˮˡ
Ҷɴ³ˮߵʱƮǰĹūͻȻϢ
ǰأϿȥƣ
ҶɴϲΪԼײдȵˡǣ˳ŨĵطʱӭһЩɫĲŮӡ
㣿
ԵţôּˡҶɴкɣȴ»Żŵġ
ôСӣܣܣ
ܣǵʲô˰
һμ£ѡڶμ棬ѡҶɲɵ÷˷ۣʵ̫ˡ
ܰɣҶҲ֪ǵʲôֻýˡ
ܳȥʮأ˲ͣ
㣬ʲô°ôԶҶɻɽֵģûʲô
öŷظһԱģҶ࣬ҲŵģҪѪ
ҲΪܶպΣҶɲûгϽ˱ĿǶƿʵжٹȣ
һֻء
һֻƷȣҶ۾ӷˡץһֻٶȿ϶ߺü
ȴû룬־ҶͷһƣѵҶɣСɵ˰ҪһֻƷڰ
ǡ
ӹɱСӹһ࣬Ҳܿµġ
Ρ
Ҷɲû⻰ҭʱ֮ǰҿǧȶ壬ɱɱ޹֮ץֻƷūڿɺãȻһֻӹ׷˰ʮأ˶ѼˡԭҶɾʹϵʵһŪԽҪ͵ˡ
ʱѶڿҶɵΪ
СӣΪǵҲ̫˰ɡҺòײͻƿﵽĲ㣬Ȼˣ۾дŲ˼顣
֮»ѰֻװӥˣƿʺϵͽʿõĽ¶˰ʱŬų˳ٳδͻƵƿﵽĲ㡣
ٶȣѾ¾úҸˡˮٶȵҲһҶɣȻһ嵽㣬¾;Լܴ,
Сӣʵôģµɴ۾ʵ
Ҷ׼дʣЦǺǵİƮԶƷū˹ȫˡ
Ʒū¾ȵסͣôбץƷūģ
ҶɺǺЦš
ѹÿ죬Ʒūæͽʱȷʵס
µ˵ͷҲûжʡи˵ļԼͱװͷӥƵͶ·ȴıʿȣ׵˰ֻ
ȻƷūǾɱȥ´Ӵóһλεɱڵ˵
ôǱб
ʮݵĹ
ͨҶҪεˡ
ʮݵĹƷ͵ıݰֵһ
̰ڳһ˵ӣѵҶɣɱС㶫õȥôҲܻƷʯءҾһһҵģƷʮʯ򵽡Ŭܣһ¾ˡ
ƳһƮԱߵƷūߵɲҪΪŪֻƷūͲЩСǮ¡ҪסɢޣһҪڼ˲
Ҷɱ½ѵһһ㶵ģһ֪ԭɢӹࡣ
ðɣȥ
ҶɵĹū·ǰʮֻӹַӾͱ㶨¸߸˵ܽУСİ˳
ġҪ˸ȥˡ
ҵģҶסˡֵƷʯһ֣²ֻ׬ķ֮һʯ
ЦȫĹūڳռء
ҶĬĬĵ˵ͷѹ
ҶʰͣʵҶɣǴȥˮ𣿡
ǣȥ
͸ˣǿ֮ˣܹĵͷ˵߰ɣҴȥ۽磡
Լ˽̫٣и·ǺõġҶûƴǣȥˮ19.
ɢ޾Ǻ֮ˣǻǼʲôŹʲôأ˵̤;
ԣǵһ߽ȫߵʱ˷ܡۿʲô档
ҶȴһȻҲɢޣɽɵĸضʶˣӵ幦ŵɽɲؾҲˣЩطһȣˮԵùںᡣ
ȴ֪ҶȾҶɫţҶɵĶ
ҶɣʲôȥʼۣҪ·
ûʯҶһ̯Цҡҡͷ
㲻򣬸Ҳá´Լľ飬ȻˣǰֻӥĲϻûɡ
ûأҶİ˵
ߣҴȥˣʯ
°ҶɰǰֻӥĲ϶֮ҶɫЩˡ
Ȼʮʯ
⻹ٵģ㱣治ЩˣøࡣҰǰİٶʯԲĽ¶
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ʿӺݣѾʮꡣԴȵĿ˿ҶɣشȻԡ
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ˡ
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ɽɲؾΪʱޣҶҴƳһЩ󷨵ĳʶ׶졷͡ҲûϡԣҶɶǰܸȤ
˵ҪҶɽ˫ƷŽ֮СǣҶȴгūָӹū뿴ⷨųԼĹūġ
Ʒūķ޸󷨴´ࡣҶɲ鿴һϵͼϼʼƽľķЩİ
ʱҶƺоʲô
ʩչ֮ҶɷԪԳһϸϸ˿̵ģ֪ͨδҶ뿴УʶԪЩȻǰɫһ䣬ԼһƬɵĿռ֮С
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ҶɲİȪˮ̶ʱԼԪ̬һΡУҲûнû뵽ΪԪԱֵ߳˿Ȼһν뵽
һΣҶǱͻȻײԲŻظ״̬һȴ򣬽ʶתԼȻˡֻҪʶõͿͬʱ״ָ̬оء
ԭ
ҶΪԼеķֶϲ˺üΣȷţֻҪʶԪϣܽǸɵֿռ䡣ֻҪʶתصܴǿռ
ǵ˿ʲô˽ķҶɽע˸ԪԵ˿23.ϸ
һνǻɵĿռ䣬ĥһ£ҶɶǶ˿˿᲻ĳ
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ʶһػҶɾȵķ֣ղŻڷԣҵҵ뷨ĹūȻֹͣԼ
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ȻһӰӼԪ֡ɵĿռߣ˽ľ룬ҶҲǿС
ӰӣȻūһģһֻС࣡
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Ҷʶ΢ӰԶԼȥˡص״̬һȻūѾɵ˷һߡ
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ȻҶɻ֪ЩϢѾµóһɫɢȥռô
ҪܿУȫռݹūô࣬ͿԷǳȷĲݹūˡ
ҶڵˮƽūԼʮɣݾȷȾͻ½볬ʮɣҶɾֻùūձˡǻɵĿռܱ峺Լʮ֮һľݹūЧԶ
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======================
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ƽʱɢڹϿͻȻ˷һҳ壬Ѿ뿪ӪؿʼԵʿǴֲһʧĵѡӪػȽϽƴɱڳصӪ˶ˣֲ̿
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ҡҡͷ˵öˣû޳º˵𣿡
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ӣҶɴ۽硣
ϵʿļľϵʿĹ죬ˮϵʿᣬϵʿĿͣϵʿĺأз裬ȻֻЩͽ׷ԸҲֻһסޣҲҶɿýζ
һʱ䣬ʿҶֻЩ⣬ſҲȥɱһɱ
ôҲĲΪôɣһŮӶɱȥˣԼȷʵüվɿ
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˷õ֣ɱҲͣɢ޶óԱ֮ðνķաһĹūҳˣȻҳѰ·ʲô,
ǣҶһ֣˾°ҪѾˡ
ֻɫѾܵĹūɱȺУһצһצֻҪצʹδβաһת۵ĹЩ޾Ȼūץץʮֻ
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ʿɻ󲻽ʱ·ĸϹˣºȫ䱸ĸʱ׼Ӧ˹ޡ
ˣѹūջȥСıӹŭĴѵ
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Ϊżºº̬ȺЩᡣҶȴůůģǳ
ãһȥҪСġ
ߣߣõǣ֣ʾҶɸϽӪءʱºѾһǽ֧޵ķȻЩһס׵ͨޣǿֲóصºҲ֧̫á
˵ļ֣ҶɲüȥˣĬĬ˻ȥ˵Ӱ˫ȭ΢΢ագԥĳȥʩչԼȫֶΣ
ã޳Ѹͣ˵Ҳܿ졣ŰʱԺ󣬷ָǣȫɢˡ
ãһҵ˵
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ҶɵʯָЩ֮ʵô죿ȥǼԣ
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ԿԿº֣ȱֵĺûᣬô
˵ץüֻƷأһֻƷȱһҪܶ࣬ҲԿ
Ҷɼº֣ҲͲٶ˵ˡӪһͳ̫ûɽҴҵĸϵ˹Ͽȿڡ˲֪ǣǰȫĸϻعϿȿڵʱǸͼǷıǵĲܶһشת25.ʮʿ(գ
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תԭѧŻ./book/
תԭѧŻ./book/
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޿񳱣ϮÿһӪأܶڵӪҲ⡣һǣӪص޳ﵽ߷ʱ򣬲ܶڵӪܣǺȻӴܡ
Ȼ󣬴ҿһŰɫĹԾ˵ٶȳӪأ˼֮ʹܽ˲ܶ
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Ҿɲ׷ײ²ǰɫԪǺʱʮŻԾ˵ĸٴԶ
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ܶ粻ĺھͰ°ΪΪûǷƨҷһ
үҪȻȥɡˮˣܲˡ˽
ⲻ黹ãһ˵ܶ;øӵķꡣһֵŷڲܶڷͷϵǵɫαʶٴγ֡
ٺ٣α鷳ܶЦ
ү㻹ʲôơ~~~
ĽȺ𣬼߸ɱʬ˵ڲݵϣҿɲǲܶһŵĿԼ壬˺ܳʱ䣬ЦֶΣȥ⼸ʿķº񣡡
ЦգܶȻ۾߿ȥһӦЦǻ𹬵ļһȻˣǶ£
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ʱһȥҶԵļԽԽرǳʮɷΧĿع࣬Ҫº°æ
Ҳº¶ĻᣬҶɿƺºϵһЩȻûǸݶϣȴҲûϣ,
һλɱһͷԳº˴Ĵָֻһյʱ䣬Ҷֵܣɱҵǿ̫ˣ
Ҳͷȫû뵽ԼϵܵܣȻȻԼҲĲΪɻԼɱôҲҪСʱҲЩˡ
ҶɺǺЦֻǹūûʲôˣ´磬Ҹղ׷ɱʱǱиߣȥ
ڹϿﴳʮ죬ҶѾףߣޣйȡЩɨĶУһֻȣϧɱһȫӹҿһϣջ
ߣȥºͷ˺ܽĿǴߡĿһԹԡ
ôȣöԸºɫ΢䡣
߶ںխȴܴҲĿȥģǧֻιƮƮȥһЩιڵϵҴܣһЩιڴ򶷡
ùū׷ȥԡҶ˵
ʮɵľ׼ƷΧ㹻ùū׷ӽȰѹը߻صģûոҲ
Сĵ㣬ҪΣգҪ᲻׷ºҲֵһԣǣһ䣬ͿҶ򶴿Ǳȥ
~~~
׷ڹը죬СĹ˲ͱɱǿһЩĹҲɢʮ֮Ҷɼ״̷ٸϹ÷䣬ֻһ׹⻮һ뾶ĹȦȦеĹ˽ȥ
׷ĴΧɣԻ귶ΧȴֻҶɲòϽһٴʹû䡣˷任߰˴λú󣬹Ƚָ
Ҷɼӹ˳ȫص˶ڡһȺȲĵ׷󣬵˶ڸͱҵò˻ȥ
쿴ʲôƷʵģʵ
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ܶҪӣƳǱĿ⾼Ҷɣȴֲӡֻ֣ܿĿ˸Ѱһᡣ
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һֻƷūʿǰ˲ԱȻûƿʿķ۷ǰʿٶ衣ǿʿô˻ᣬӽ֮32.̵
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Ҷǰԭ𹬵ʿؾڣзųаħԪ񣬲ؾʧΪ˸ؾڵı䶯ԲŻһ·׷ɱаħĲܶ
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治ף漿ӲסԼʱͣ뿪Ȫˮ̶ǳȷֻʶ뵽**ȥ,
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һǧ鲻ʲôΪѰҲܶطĳٶҶҲԸ⡣ǣӽһȴѡ
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Ŀ˿ҶɷһʿٿǱ߳ʿŮһУȫΪ
ڼʱǰҶ˵͵ͷͬˡӵкֶܶΣɱʿڻ¡ǣȼʶĶ񶷣ּʶıı֮ý
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ҶЦЦ˻ʿ롣ѾһЩɢҶ飬ȵһȣ˵
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ʦ֣㿴ǱߡһӵɽʿָָҶɡ
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˸ƣʿĵ˵ͷ͵Ц35.Ұϵؽ
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ʱҶɣ֪Լ÷˿֪ᱻղŵСŪúü˯žҶĿĵڻҰнţһʱ䲻֪ȥѰаħԪ,
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ڳҶĽ֪ܲҶɵķӦ
ҶܵܣûŶţȴҶɵĻ꣬ūҵҶܾܵȵģҶܵôūҶС
̣ⷬҶʶҪƿ㣬ȴֵĳϵˡƫƫԽԼԽû취
Ҷɵⷬٶóǲ졣̶ֳˣѵϹ˵ԵûԵҲñҹ˰
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ĽЦһӹū֮˳һһƺ⳯Ҷǰȥ
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һƺ⣬ǰһα䴩Ҷܵشڵأȴû
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ʱһĽҶɵĻСһ⻬˳ȻǴƲš˳һʵСдһ˿˵ĵо
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ȴ֪ȫ޴ΪվԶĵգгɹϣóȻӽҶɣȴԼԨ
ҶϸѿԪϸ֮СֻҪϸԪ񲻻ܵκδˡȻԪѱɫϢϸıһ˿ڡ뻳ԱʿʩչǱɱ֮ƣҶʩչȴȡ֮
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ǹԼ׼͵ϮķΧԼٿعūĻʿ϶ԶݡղŻʿڸ͵ԼҲһ
ǳŷžԽԽʩչԼҲûлὫһٻɱ,
գԶҶɵ󣬽һΣʦ˵̣¡ºĽʵ
ֻ˹Լʧˡ
ҶɿİȻ̾˿ֻūˡʿʹɱָ֡ʶȫԪ֮ϡ
ϸ֮УɫϢɣǿƵķΧ㣬Ҷһ룬Ԫͷɳȥ·ɫϢĿ
ϸͨ͸ֻģԪ浽ҷɣЩ¼š
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ɷƽ˾˹¼ŵԪ񣬱
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ҶɸϽʶתƳɫϾϸ鿴ΧѰΧȴûзκʿûĺۼ
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ĽͣҶԼʮǿģЩɫϢãôܸ
Ҷҡҡͷ׼ʶٴηŻصԪϣúоһȻԶһӰǶӰķǻʿߵķ򡣺ȻŻʿµѪѰġ
ߣ
ڵ״̬ҶɲҶͣϽķȥ
ʶǿҶǰǶʿǶʿߣҲ׷Ҫ׷ʱҶѾɳȥԶҲ׷39.ײ
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ǵĿݵı.Ůʬܿ죬˵ĿˢˢķǰСİνϡ
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Ҷɻڸ͵ǵĶԻͻ֣ᷢЩʿԼںԶĵطܿ⴦صĽǷֻʿµѪǺܿܲᳯ߷С
Ҷ״⣬ֻԶԶߣʱؽ̽
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ȥҶĬĬţܽĻ·Ǳ˻ȥ
ҶԶܿһӴİνԣȻ˸Ȧӣȴʧ·ߡ
ǶʿŬоⶰνΧɢķƬ˵ѾùֶΣȴκβν
ֻܵλʦܸʲôˡΪ׵ʿҡҡͷ˵ʦܣ󣬰ֶ
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ҶɸϽͨǴڳ濴ֻݺᣬȻһ׵糡Ŀռ䡣
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ʧȥҶ룬ǻѸٱպϡܿ죬Ҳʧǰû˿覴40.ϵʿĸض죡һ
ܵƼʱȡˣ༭˵ٰšȻûƼˣǼȻ˵ÿǾҪλѼ֧֣
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һȥҶɾ;û͸˵ֱ˺ܾã˫Ų̤ʵء
ʵ̫Ũˣվ֮󣬸оһΧҶɲϲ
ԼҪת棬˷ʱ䣬ֱͿˡ
һ˹ԴԴϵĽڣΪɿţԪâҲۿɼٶȣѸǿ
ϵʿĸض죡
ҲȥѰڴ˴ռҶϥ£ա׶졷Ĳ㹦
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ΪĲϼǿҹѰһ磬ٴϸ֮г֡һΣҶ׼˸š
ԭֻҪ룬ͿԽ⴦ռ䣡
ȻֱڣҶɻ֪⴦ռʵϸ֪ٳϸʿ󲿷Ŭ뵽ϸȥǣΪĲӣǶ֮̽
ֻҪԪԪܵõõĴ
ԪףԭٶǺܻġ󣬱ٳϸռ䣬ϸ֮лԪ񣬼ӿԪĽסҲʿı־ֻҶɣȴײԼ˳
˺ôȻҪȥҶɼ룬ƴ⴦޿ռ䡣
һʼչĲ˳Ϊ뻹ǿԵʣҪķѺܳʱ䣬һ˿롣Ҳ֪˶ã֮ǿһЩʱҲһ㡣
ԪĹâţܿͽһ㡣
ˣҶɴϲ
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ѱ쳤Хĳ嶯ʧҶϸֳ˵Цݡ
޾޲޻ŭһƬƽͣҶɵľһµĲΡƳǿ
ҶɶԪⲻϼǿҲԽԽǿ󡣹˲֪ãĶˡ,
Ӷˡ
ҶɺһͳƵ㣬ϧȴĹ
Ȫˮ̶ʱͬʱﻹŰɽʱɹɣ־ͿץƬԡгʳڴ໹ģòֹͣ
Ժóٹȵˡ
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ͣ¹۾ҶɵһδΧ硣
⴦ؾȫ⡣ǵء
صǣؾ֮вֻѣɭ֡ϪԼ
ѵؾϵ޴ڣҶɺǲ졣
ϵʿϵ޾͸Ӻؼûǣתûܽתԣֻ޳סϵȴʮֺ
Ҫץֻϵ޳ȥһҲ׬ˣҶɷǳ˵ĳĵطȥ
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޳Ĳռȫ֮ȥ֫쳣СƫԲһֱȲӴࡣ쳣ĲɱúǱŤ
ǣģ֣ʵȴǿ쳣ҶɼһƷǹӣֱӾ˹ȥƷʱƬ
Ҳ̫˵ɡ
Ŀż׷ĹҶɲòʩչķ׹Ӱٶʱ·롣ǹ׷ˣֻͣſĺƺǱĵ̣˭ܿ41.壡
˰亹ʣ޼ķҶɲҡͷЦ
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Ҷɲ䷨ʱ֪ʿ⴦Сİ״ЩʿǱǿɢޡ
ΪҶɺܿͲ˷վܿ˿ȥɭơ
һΣҶԽСˣһǹͷԵӣǱʿˣ϶ΪǾĲĻ
ȫĽӽïʢɭ֣ҶȶЩľŨȤ
էһȥЩľѰľûʲôͬǣҶʱʱ˸׹⣬ȴЩ︻
ղűǹķҶΨһĹͷӿ֡õķģʱʹáǣҶֻܴΪƷ׹⣬Ӵһ֦
ܲȵϰƷʯˣ
ҶһֱΪûʯ䷨գЩ֦ʯǾٺòˡһܿϧǣ֦ɢȥҲȫɢʧ
Ҷɲûоɥ
ɭ֣дӣϵޣ˵Ҳʯȥһҡ
һ߽䱸ϵ޵ϮһоŸţҶɾ͸оеŨڷ仯
ϵޣҶɫϾĽ䱸˺һӣȴûκη֡ػص˼ȦҶɷ֣ǿռȻ仯
ѵɭֲΣ֣Ҷɺǲ졣ųһط˰·ȻԽԽŨѹҲԽԽǿ󣬺ܿԼҲ޷ǰ
ðˡҶɰĥŨǵǿĹɭŨҲ϶
ҶɺܽĲŪκ죬˻ȥһΣûκϵޱ𣬳鷳
ɭתһʱ䣬ҶжϣܳĵطȻûϵ޴ڣ⴦ռֻǿϵޣߡ
һϢҲһϢ
ϢǣԼԷĴ󵨵ﴳˣֻҪܿЩŨĵطɡ
ϢǣԼΪܴסκһֻϵޡ
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ĴӣʿӴġϵֻҪȥԼͲܶԸ
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ޣҲп޴ڡֻʱûз֣ɳһһǣҶɲûдĴ⡣
ãֻмøܸ࣬õĳɳ֪֮У۵ҶԽԽˡ
Ҷ߰ʮɸʱԼԼԶһ״ԼҪҵĶ,
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ΪǼﳤöôءֻһ鷽ҫ׹Ĳ֪ʯͷΪǿʯͷģһȺȺ˸ŵι
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֮鳤в׵ǻ֮ۡ⣬һֶһӵв׵ǻۣǾ壡
ϵڣҪ鱦Ҫ塣򵥵˵帳鱦ǻۡһ鱦Ͳڷ֮ϣӵвжоԵǿˡ
ҪܰЩ嶼ץסǵϵ鱦
ֻϧⴿ쿪
Ϊӵв׵ǻۣҲͬȻҪ޸Ϊǿ󡣱˵Ҷˣǻ㼯ϻĽʿҲܰЩȫץס
ˣǻûע⵽ңϽ߰ɡ
ҶεҡҡͷӸ߿ռȥҶ֪ǣϵù죬ʱоߵ
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Сӿ϶Ǹˣ϶ûϵʿˣؾ෢֣Ҳʿܽ
Ϊ׵ӳǺЦЦҼͨ׹ķʯȴ֪ȥҶɣѾ42.Χˣ
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йɭҲпй壬ȫǵģô죿
뱦ɽȴֶ飬Ƶ֮һҶɵȻĥһðա
Ͽ϶ϵݣǹȥɱ
ҶѾһգϸŨȱ仯ŨȲϱķϸȥ
ҶϵݵʱڵҲ˰״ԡ
ⶫǳŹ֣˺ܶ취Ҳ򲻿
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ǼѧԼҲ츳˵ãüһ֮˵һȥ
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̹˼ʿҴڼ۶ȥ
Ѿȥüʱ䣬ؾѱ仯ɽʿµıʶ󣬻Ǻ׾ҵ
ϴߺַԸΧӪկ÷󣬲׼ʿ룡
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ⲻ⣬ʿжصİνһ
Ҷ֪ԼؾڣȴѾΧˮйͨ
Ѱݲ˳üζ壬Ҷɷֵ磬Ͻ䣬ͱˡ
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ļƻˡô壬սԼˮ㣬ƺҲ
ҰɣҾͲţôգȫռˣ
һʱڵһʱϿУѰϵݡؾ֮ްҹ֣֮Ҳ֪˶ãҶɳɹΪʱҵݵϳ
׳ۣ
ǧĸߴɽŨҶΪѾ㣬Ҳ㡣
ԶԶɽ忴ȥһ϶鲼ɽ϶֮зģ嵽жֻ
ٺ٣ҪܰЩϵȫȥЩ϶Ŵҡ
飬βܰȫĽЩϵݸȥˡ
ȣǴ֮еĹֿ⴦ؾ֮еʶǿֻҪнߣǿ϶ᱩ𡣵ǣǲԶԼءԣβЩԶ볲ѨǸֵ⣻
ΣٶȺܿ졣ɽ֮ϵݣδܵκϮţٶȾҶ̾ΪֹһȺֻвʩչ׹Ӱȷ׷ϡ׹Ӱ̫ķѷۼĵطԶԼ޷ȥ,
󣬾ķӦˡһǰһȳԼҲбֶΡ򣬾ˡ
һýֻҪˣЩ̵µݲϹ
ڶҲ鷳ѰݳѨʱҶɾѾ뵽˽취
÷·ߣ·ץȡ֦Ҷܿٲ䷨
⣬ȴҶɺͷ۵ġĥ˺ܾãûҵ
Ҫһ˲䴫͵ķͺˣϧҲƷ
ֻһ˲䴫͵ķֻܴȥ·Ҳ˳׷ɱɹ֮Ļս
ֻܳȥһˣˡȥҶɶû취ֻȼס⴦ɽķλȻ󣬾Ͳ߿ȥ
ʱҶɼյĸ߶ȳɡҶɻĲΪֻǿǣѾΪɵľߴ
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ǰ״ȴƽؾ컯ҲڵҶܸ㶮ġ̾һ£ͽڱ֮ϡ
ڶʱſһҶɾͷ˳
һɳҶɾɵˡ
ҶԤϵܿѾвʿҵϾԼѾ˲ʱ䡣
ǣҶûϵЩʿͳһȻȫڵʿΧӪأӪϻڵıʶƺѾŰΧ
ڵЩʿҲͬɵˡʱһֱǷʿ뵽νͻȻðһˣ
ߴ۵Сۣʱ·һСڣҶɵһӦ˹Ͻɽһ̤ȥͷ߶Զ43.ӣ
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ڲµķⲻɿҶûܵĸţɵľʹӪ˳ȥ
ʱڵʿڷӦ˹
ץסǸʿ
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һӹͳͳ˳ǲܲٿΣôӹҲͨ
ҶǺϵ¹ʿûֺӹֱײƮʤƯƺëǿʿ·ɡֻҪպ羪ףǾͿצ糣
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ĿһҶɷ֣󲿷ֶԼΪͣǰһûСⳡרΪСͽʿ׼ˣܲʲôö֮֮ҶҲû뿪
׼ʿ󣬽ȻԶһȺʿŴ˹󵽵ĹأֱӽȺʿ߽ʿǶŭԣֻܵȺʿȥˣ»ָ
ڣҶüͷ滹ǸǿԼڵڻҵļһ
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Сض죬СؾȴûһҲܱж죡
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һһŮʿǰ̨Ŀ˿ʿȻ˲ΪμⳡʿҲûﵽΪġ
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Ůһڣ͵˱ĿġǲΪʿǣʿҲŮ޵Ļö
Ů˵꣬վߵҲˡǺǺһЦȫʿҾʩȻ˵λѣϷ壬¸ʦùͬ֡ʶĵѶ֪Ķ١֪ĵѣˡϷԿˣϼ羭Ӫۣ꣬ͯпڽԱģλѷĳۣĹ򣡡
ʱоʿǺЦʦ־ͲҪ˵ϻˣ֪ϼҵʿмЩʼɡ
ʱ䣬һƬ֮
ҶҲЦȻԼ֪Ļ̫٣ϼܻ֪ġ˵֮⣬моϼҡֻԼûϼҵıʶ룬ɫŵıʶϹдġϡ
ǺãҾͲ˵ϻˣһƷϷһ֣һഺ˵Ůޣ˫һ̣ߵϷߡϻһ첼֪ʲô,
뿴Ϸ彫첼һƣʿ˾ϲĺ
ǧݣ
û뵽󲿷ֲ߶еͽʿᣬһƷȻǧݣ
ݵľͿƳСͽʿõĻǧݣƳͽʿõ鵤
˵һƷӦʿϲŻֵģȴû룬Ȼˡ
ҶҲͬһΪⳡ᲻ʲôöû뵽һƷ˳ɫ
תһ룬ҶɲΪ
ϼ˵һǧݣʲôϼҵʿΪϼҺܺԺϼҵĳϼҿɾʹ׬׬ˡ
һ滹кЩʿģǴպϴպϣҲǮ˵ˣȺŰʿѾ۷Ź⣬ͷţ϶ڴʯ
˷ӦϷǳ⣬򶭷˸ɫЩЦλѣ֪ǰؾյʿУҲλѵʦųȻλΪʱòǧݡҪ׸ʦųõĺôҲǧ١
Զ˶٣ȫɨһȦ˵λѶ֪ⶫλѿ¾ûĵˡҲֻϼңŻλ˺õĻŶʧʧλǧҪץסˣ
˵ţǲļۣʿʱøˡ
ӲҪٽϿ˵ļ۰ɣ
ǰǰϿ˵ļ۰ɡʿĽ
ѾȾúܵλˣĵһЦ˵ļֻŶÿͼӼһ飬λˡ
䣬ʿеҳ飡
̾ʿӵУǧݰҲ˼٣ҳһǧ飡
һǧ
һǧ

۸ҡֱϣϷͶʱ£ȫԽԽҡ
ҶûǮȥ۵ģҲҪⶫȥֺʦųʦѾǽʿǧݶûκô
ԹۣҶԽԽãϼʵ̫ˡ򵥵ľȫգƷ¸Ҫۡ
Ȼǧݱڵʿ֮󡣽õƷƷĳ˺ܲļ۸
ǧݳֵϢҲһЩʿ˳ȥ֮Увʿ½½˽ĿλܿͱˣҲвʿҶڵ
ҶûЩʿר־ĿᡣȻ;ÿͻȻ䣬ŪЩСѪ˲ͱ49.Ů
ҶɲĳԴȥֻһȵŮޣھԼԶĵطŮΪģΧʿ׷ױߡոЩֵΪŮ޵ĵֱࡣ
ڿŮ޵ȴһɴס˫峺鶯Ĵ۾١ʶҲ޷͸ɴɴһʶķ
ΪֻĲ㡣ȴ֪ΪʲôϴĺԼΪʿҲúѵ
ҶüҪ뿪һЩȴʧˡ
ʲôҶЩƳһŮޣᡣ
ʱģһƷһѶ̵һŷʿ޷ֱӲ鿴ص㡣
һΣܵϷ塣
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ʱȫһƬձҵĸ߶ȡ
Ϸ˵ϵк֮زҶ˵˰ɣǰҲ϶ԸӵһһƷͬǣĵѣȿ׸ʦǰҲãǳ㣡ļһǧ飬ÿͼӼһ飬룡
Ϸ廰£ת֮䣬۸ͱƸߵ飡
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ҲһǮܵģûǮܵģ
Ҷҡͷ̾ϢԼԺ׬Щʯʱ򣬲Զһۡ
򣡡
һӾʹ˭ôݰתһ׺̧۵ģǸŮޡ
Ů޵ıۣҲȫ𶯡
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ղűģڵʿʿӸٵģڵʿһЩһӾͼⲻǺ
ڵʿͦŰģÿһǾ۵ʿǶᴵӵ۾ڸǱס
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ǰ̨ϣϷͶҲüͷı۴󳬳ǵԤҲпǱʹ⵷ҡ
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һ鼫Ʒʯ൱һƷʯһƷʯһƷʯΪʯΪһɳϵʯܹҳࡣ
ղŻŽµʿǱס˲ӣʱ࣬˵һ鼫Ʒʯʮж´ˣ,
Ϸ岻ǴӵܣûƷʯĳסǺЦʧˡ
Ϸ廷ȫʵλӳ飬ûеԸӼ۵ģ
ûмӼ۵ʿ
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ܿ죬ʿжϼҵĳأŵУֱӴӸ·ʿͷϷɹȥŮŰΧ
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ҶüһʿһǰҪǿԼڻҶļһ
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ԼֵϣֳôӣڳϻôԼϷһ鵶λʿȲߵǰҲûǧĵЦݣ˫齣ңϷĺ档
Ϸ˲ΪֻѡڵʿΪͣ˲ʿĶ֡
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ôʦѵӣڵа尡б۾Ϸ壬ȫϷ
˵Ӱǽ߲ΪϻΪߡϼҲܸа塣
Ϸʱһͣѡ
һˣȼסϷ壬ʱԽţЦţ־ҪȥץŮ޵ļ

һĽߣҲŮкζ˲ʱͱ˱飡
ȫ50.ֶΣ
ԭۣҪ͵͵ҶɣҲסˡ
͸ڶϣԺΪ˽ȥؾٲҪڶἸ׮Ҳʲôȴû룬Ů޸׶ûеģͰȶһ飡
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˿ֲֶΣŮʲôͷ
ȫʿҶ˺һӣԲ
Ϸʶ㣬ܿһֲڡ
ʣӿԱϷĿԸӣͺԵĲĲʿǴڽ۷档

ϻ绹ûȫ׵ҶɶûκηӦʿһף
ڵʿŰˣϽ뿪Ůޣ㿪
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ĲΪɱȣɼŮʺεǣ֮ڱɲǿЦģ˵ǽ߲棬ڹϿǰҲʮɢޣ⵨ð
Ϸ֪ھԼԶһҸĸʿ׽Բصɢޣ֪θ롣
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šͷӦһ۾ȴƳһŮޡδȥľ죬Լ˫ŵ۱ͬŮ޵ʵǳ档

ŸոתŮȴַˡ򵥵֣ȫ󲿷ʿãɢޡ
ڻϿܣȻҼμᣬ˶һߡĵûд󱳾Ź֣
ϷҲ϶һ㣬ΪˣܾһҲƵĴͻڣҲֱӴ˳ԼĳӡϿϼҲûʿ
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Ϸﰵ̾һ£ǧݵգѾȻ޴ˡټȥҲ׬ʯ,
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ҪǣŮ޾ʩչ˿ֲҪô԰ڣҪôûʲô˲ģ˳
ղŮϧģ𰸿ӦǺߣ͸Ҷɾˡ
׹Ӱ̫ķȻиǲ˼飡˼ǣ߽ʿ׷ʩչ˵õǿԸٶˣֻĲΪ
̤;ֻҶɵʰ˸ţûֹҶʿȵ顣¶ͷһ⣬Ҷ֪ʲôɽɽˡˡ
ȫʿֻҪѾվԳڵģҲһĻһƳ֮Ů޾ͳʧʿһۡ
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ζţѾĳ߱ʿؾ֮еؾǲ֪ʿ⴦Сؾõʲô챦޹⡣ͺܲõĳƢڸǼ
ڣʿѶһϵŮޡǱ˼Ѫһ͵ˣͳͳȥңʲôֶΣһҪŮܻ׽Ҫ˵ɱ⣡
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һ֣֣֣̫ͣͣͣ˼ǽ֮Ȱɡ,
Ȼﲻסĸ̾ҶȴûŲλõ뷨øʿˣҾͲø˼ˡ
Ů޿һҶɣҲû˵ʲôλ
ʱŻعǺǣ˼ʧ̬ˡ
⣬⡣Ů޲ڳȫʿ϶˵

Ҷ֪ϼҲн棬λȥöɳǡɶʶɱѰ滹ҪöࡣôһֵĹ̾ȥ档ڣѾ֪תԼˡ
˵ԭƻͣ˸ӡ£϶ʿˣҲ˳ƶΪµĸ߳ǣŮ޵ĳ֣ԴԭƻǰϷ˸ӣȻû˴
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ֱᣬﰵУ㰡粻ôƫƫʱأô죿
ƳϷ壬ҪϷȳϷҲûаΪŮޣԲŴҴճҪ군ˡ
䳡ˣ޴ˣʿҲͶ֪ҪˡʱŮ˵ˡ
Ϊʲô˵ȥļأ
ҧҧ˵˵תһƷʲôʿңƷͬⲿ͵һ㣬ߵĻŲ㣬ȫֻ߱޳񣬿һ湦
ֻ⣬һⲿȥޡڶõģֻĹԲõļһ飬ÿͼӼһ飬λѳۣ
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ҶɺĿŮޣҲãŮҳӵˡ
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²ؼҶɶˣ̨ϵϷ塢ɫΣ֪
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ҪԱ𣿡Ů޲ķʵ
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ص֣ǶŮ˵ġҶɷһ˫峺鶯Ĵ۾¶˾Īɫ
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ǣ֣Ů޾Ȼ¶ȣͺʲôί
Ů޻վ˵˾䣺Ǹ
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Ϊͻ¼뿪ϼʱɫ硣ҶЩ󷨡֮鼮ǣŻĵȥ
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ǾǼ˽㣡ŪŴҰͳȥ׼¡Ҷظ˵
һҲֻܻߣܲӵ˵ءһ˼Ҽŭ㲻һˣ󻼡
һн赶ɱˣǵùġҶɱΪһͦá⿴ͲôʵŮޣ϶ʹĴӦǣҶɼǡ
УŸոҳʮ죬ôȥǣ
54.
Ů޽Сȭͷſ޷޻裬Ҷɾ;̳ȥһץǲɴĳ嶯
Ѿ׼˰ôôɣ
ԼʱҲͦɵġ
磬꣬׷ƨɺʣС˶ôġ
ٱ磬ʮ꣬үүʮ٣˼˸ңԼΧŲͣľС
Լˣ¶ˣʱҲЩɡ
磬챳ʦԼţ룬˼ҲûʲôԼķӦڼҡ
ٱ磬ֻΣ͸˼ߡһ¸ƵãĲǸô죿
ǣԼôɣγ嶯ֻҪŮһȣԼҡһ䣬һˡ
ĿŮ޻һСȭͷҡҡͷ˵ˣҽһСʿѲ
ȡ˿հ򣬽ʴȥŮ޽ӹʶ鿴ʱҶ˵ҵǱϵʿٰ·ͷʲôĻһ£ҲˣӦÿȥ
ŶŮ޵˵ͷ𣿡
һ˲䣬ԭһϮѩ׵Ů޳ȹ˻ɫ
еǣ˿·ɫʽһת˵ʶʱͱòһˡԭ˾ñԽӽȴ˾Ǹ鱼ŵŮޡ
ʿĶǷۣ߼ķۿԱ仯ֿܶʽɫ췭ظı仯ҲûҶɾúϡ档
ٿϣɴҲʧһʼδľգҶ˺һӡ
һŶ쵰ٺϻסϸ۹⻬ƤƺȻǵĵΡԸеӣǺŷɫ٣ǵҪȥһڡһ˫鶯úܿ˼Ĵ۾ȴ˲κ˵֮ġ
˵ף㾫ޣĶǵգҲӦʮĻëѾͷϳ֡
˵죬ǽ۵Ůἵʵļȴ˲òɣȻڶޢ껪
̫ˣ
ιôˣ𣿡Ůüʵ
֪ʲôСջˮʲôС񡯣Ҷɻعﰵ̾һҪǳŮһòԼ϶ˡ
ȣȡҶЩεĿ⡣
ھ֮ԺҶŮɫĶǿࡣ򣬻֪öòƽ̬˶˵Ǵɴɣɴˡ
ҪŮСֹһ䣬춼ҴɴȡҪϣΪʲô
ôͣѲɻҪ㽲ջˮĵʣ֧˼䣬ҶɾͰѻˡ
ʿżԵСҲŭؼǱ˶һ־ȫ¶ˡҶϸѵ
߶ôҵһأѾһɫɴŮޣԴ˵ϲ˵˵⣬˵ˡ
ǺǣҡҶЦЦʵѵһʱҲô˵ģ˵ףүү̡ѡүܻкܶ໰˵ɡ,
ҴûǡŮ޵ЩͳǼҾҵˡҵ˵ɢޣ˭˭󡣡
ҲǸйµļͥ
Ҷû̽˵ϸϰߣ˵סɣȥϿһȦ㿴ƣԼߣСġ
˶٣Ҷ˵ûǿЩؼңܳ㸸ĸöżТΪȣøĸ̫ˡ
Ŷ֪ˡŮ޵ͷһӦţһŪԼ½ǣҲ֪ûȥ
ҶҲȥ£ԼƼˮ꣬һҲ御ˡͷʾһ£ȻָָŮ򣬲ĵĶһ䣺ǧҪ˵ⷨҽ̸ģ
ҪоʿҶȻˆµĶǰŮ޲ͬܰϼʿð֣һ»治С
Ů޽Ӧ֪ģҵףҲǣ
š
Ҷɵͷɿ뿪
ҶãŮ޲źȻѽҶ֪֡
ǣŮ޴ﻹܿҶɵӰ
ΪؾԵʣǰϿʿȹȥ˺ö౶ʿ㹻ʯ֧ɽɵġ·ǮԣöʿһֵĹϿԱһϿץ
һϿ㼸ûޡȴˣҶɾǽ뵽Ϻĵն񡣽ǲֱͣӾϿȥͿҪԼץĵطʱʶʿڶš
Ͽʿƽˮ׼ȹȥ̫߳ࡣҹ䲻ηȣڹϿⴳʿͦࡣҶɾüʿţҪôԶԶĹۿһ£ҪôƵˣСһΣҶȴüͷ
ɽʿ·55.Ļ
㲻̸ǼƷ׶졷ֻ˵ؾýʯԼǷɽɺܴ顣ɽʿѣԹۣ
жʿңɢޣͬһɡĿһһ߲㣬㣬㣬ʵҪȫɽʿǿɽʿϱȽĬͲ·ôˡ
ѣһ־֮ơ
һʿӲɽɵʿͻȻֻӹ󡣻ûӦ
ʿ˵һֻӹͲʲôǣҶɿƵþ˭ûĺۼֻӹͻȻͬʱȫûзʿʱͿ˼Ѫ
ѪˡʿѪֻˡ˵ʿҲֻ΢˶٣ɾ΢ͣٵһ˲䣬ֻƷūǡôһһңĹצ
׼عɱ
ΪѾﵽҶɣع֮磬Ӿ׼һϢ֮䣬ֻƷū͹צɣÿһצʿĲλ
һֻƷȣ൱ʿֻƷȱܹͱԡ˵ֻʿ׼ٿصƷū
һҽйʿɫڣ̱ڵأۼžͲˡ
͵Ϯ
Ϊ׵߲ʿ־ŭһȻ󣬸Ͻջһһ
ʿȴûôķӦٶ΢һЩ
ֻôһʱֻӹͻأĳ֣ͻأĹ
һģһɫ۵ʿǰ֮ȻӦЩǳɹһĹȻ󣬳Żû⵽ƷūҼйʱ磬ɿĳ߲ʿȥ
ϴң
Сģ
߲ʿ䣬Ϳ·ϣֻӹͻأ֣Ա
ųƷεӹýǺʿΧм䣬֮ĳﵽЧ
Ǻʿʱ;˷ѹ˫˲ͱϹ˫ҲʧȥȻ;Ȼһʱ־ˡ
۶ϣһ
黹û꣬ڻɱڶʿͬʱҶʿٳȥ
ʿ
δսȺ
¶ʿһս֮ǣҶͻȻ֣ͬǰ󲻹Ϣʱ䡣˿ֲʿֱδţ
ʿǸεѣʧȥ˵ֿͷ
ӣ
ӣ
Ҷɵƣסһߵͨ·һߣȴɽɵʿ
ʿŸոͺȻʶԡʱɽɵʿҲӦˡ

ǻûüǺ˳ƼͷŲ·ܡҲ飬ʱѽˢˢˢӣͰͶĵùΡ
һ˱ʣ߲ʿĿɿڴղŻռϷ磬ۼžͿ԰ɽʿɱˡת֮䣬ĸֵȫȫʬҲ˲ϺҶǺηʥˣϽĨ֮ͣ󼪡,
նҪ
ѣˣɽɵʿȫ
Ȼ֣ôܷΪ׵·ҶɺٺЦЦһͷ䡱䡱䡱϶ʮ죬ǿŶʮֻӹԱ
ղɽʿڵ߲ʿ˳ӵȴŴ֪ͣ˵ʲôźˡҶ׷ȥȡʿԼնɱʿ۷˻ɽʿûдлع
һƶʮֻӹԱʿ𣿣
ͬʱٿֻūʿѾӢˡͬʱٿضʮֱֻ
ο۾ƳǼֻƷūԻڿ֮СҲ˵ʿͬʱƽʮֻū
ֱе
һȣ
ɽʿյϿʱʦǽֵһλ
㣬ҶҶʦ֣ϲ֮£ƺĳ˾
ǺǣҾǡҶɵ˵ͷЦӦ
ҶҲûΪʲô񶷡ȥȥΪ챦һʳ˿ڣҪı˲Ƹ˼ˡղҶɴ֣Ըɴ಻˻ɡ
ҲûʲôˣҾ͸ˡҶɹ˹֣뿪ȴסˡ
һȣҶʦ֣
ʲô£ҶͣĿɽʿ
˻࿴˿΢΢˵ͷ곤һλЦҶʦ֣ԶһǳѨղǾΪǳѨԲŴȻǱҶʦȣǳѨøҶʦˡ
ϵݣǣ⵹ϡݣԼ·Ȼûз֡
ȻϡҲҶҪģǺЦˣԼȥɣһҪȥ
˵գҶȥ
ҶûϵǣǿƸԼûʲôϵǣȻһаħԪйصãװʧȥһ˽аħԪľûᡣ
Ҷٴθ᲻ڶʱȴòʹ56.壬ԡ
ȸл༭ƼǱԳ˰һܣĿǰԸܳ˰ҳλϲ飬ߵ֧֣
201242956ձ¼ƻÿո4
ղس1000Ӹ2£3000Ӹ5
ܻԱÿ1000Ӹ1
Ƽÿ500Ӹ1
==========================
ڶ죬ʱ֣ҶĴӹϿ˳
һջǰһãȻץסһֻͿҪͻƿƷĹȡҲūķֻҪĺǻƽһֻƷū͵ˡ
ҶѾǳ¶ˣףÿһƷɡһӹлܳһֻƷȣʮӹжδܳһֻƷȡ
һֻūͱȫջҪ࣡
ôջҶɵȻǳˡɵ߽ԼסЦʱͽӲסˡ
Ů޻ڡ
ǵڣ˯
һ㱻Ӱƿһǣ¶·һĳȹû¶㴺ɫ
ʵźһһһַֻƽСϣһֻƵã˴ߡ
ֻǲȻĿһۣҶɶʱ;úңӿ죬СӿˢһӣȻ
Ǹ
žջɴڵҲ벻ҡ˯еûʩչκιȻ..ԶʤǳΪ
ã
ԪŨķۺϰΧâ֣
ҶɴʧɫϽͷȥһ鵤
⾲鵤Ҷǰһչ䷻ʱոµģʱûϵôͻó
鵤һ˳źܶ£ܿͱ鼰ȫҶɰңΪɹʱ;˵ǾĶ˲ʱȫʧˣ
ûҶɸϽȡһĵ¡
ֻ˶סһСͱޱȫɣ
֮£ҶҲ˲ôˣʣİĵһԵ£ȫѹס֮ڵȻ󣬸Ͻϥ£ʶȫԪ֮ϡ
㹴һҹȻգҶҲࡣһԿ֮ѾףؼԪֻҪԪĸ״ͻʧ
ಣ
ԪԶݣ
ǲУ
Ȼ˾󲿷ַۺϣǣȻзۺ֮ԪϣζѲ
Ԫոͣ£Щۺ֮Ұһ˳ŨܵķۺɫϣһνԪŰΧ
һŷۺϣͺһȵĻ棬ҶɵԪԪĹâۿɼٶһءԭԪʵ壬Ȼɢļ
ԡ
ѵһּѵĶ֣ҶٿȻľ
ῴŮ޶ɵģôܶԼʩչȱ£ҲͲᱻʿƵҡ
ʶֳȥһ㣬ٶɨһ´齡
˯ɣûκ춯
ѵ壿
ü٣ΪǾΪ塣
ɽɲؾҷʱҶһڸʽʵ鼮ܹ塣,
ϽܣϹʱڣֹһŮޡȻΪߴﻯ񣬲һͳΪͳߡȴΪŭһλߣɱûɢת޵ĻᶼûС
Ҷɰ̾һ£ģҲ̫ù˵㡣
ֻ
Ҷ¾Ůޣ޷ԤϵıԣҲûȡʹڵ
ؾķţҶƽľڵһϸֻÿһϸ֮٣ἤһ磬ģԪ֮ϡ
һʼ粢δԵϡƵԽԽߣõԪɻɢһαۡԪɢȹȥȶ貵Ĺâ貵Ĺâһգۺ϶ʱͳԵ

Ҷɴ˿ΪԡˡǣŸһɣϾ־Ԫٴνɢ
Ȼôͣ
ҶɴʧɫϽһȫע˹
˸ղŵĽѵһҶɲҴ⡣ԪһۣȥʱԪû˿и



ף
ȻԪɢĹâȹȥǿȻǷۺϱǿ쳣ǣҶɷȻмƷۺ֣
Ҳ̫˵㣡ҶɺĿǼƷۺϡ
Ѿ㣬ټĻҪһΪ
û취һ¹ūķɡ
ʶԷֳһ㣬ֻƷūһ֮ңĹū˳
ֻūӦû˰ɡ
ҶţոսϹ壬ûüȡūʱ򣬺Ȼͷ֣ԪܱǼƶķۺһηӿ
ǵİɣȫܷģ
ҶһҧȡֻƷūķȡһաȻ󣬷ɿĽת
ȡ෨Ĺūܿͱ÷ǳӿƷˮ׼һֻӹ
ɥʧֻѵõĹūȻϧҪۺһһεĻָйūķҲ޼£
һȡ㹻ķڿյܿȫ㣬ҶһȫעԸǷֻĹūƮ57.طޣԵԵ
ȸл༭ƼǱԳ˰һܣĿǰԸܳ˰ҳλϲ飬ߵ֧֣
201242956ձ¼ƻÿո4
ղس1000Ӹ2£3000Ӹ5
ܻԱÿ1000Ӹ1
Ƽÿ500Ӹ1
=========================
Ҷ֪ǣǷۺϣЩЧʱһ֮ңĿռ䣬Ȼһ󶶶ſһ׵ԲκڶֻһɫŹװŮӣҡҷ߳վҶɵߣ
Ҷܹü⹬װŮӣȻ֣ᷢ⹬װŮӵģŮһģһֻҹժɴŮޣлһ档⹬װŮӣȴ͸˵ˮңӵˡ
ȻΪֵ塣⺢ӶܲٴһЩط
װŮӵĻδ䣬кȻֳһˡȫֵģ˵òˣʲôɫ·Ҳ˿С
๫ôˣװŮЩԾ
Ůҳߣ˷ͷȥңɷȴȻ֣Ȼ֡
˺һ˵˵ҵ΢ˮ׼ÿζطһѪλʱҲһλãطȻһغϵġɺϣͱңȥˣ
װŮź촽Ц๫Ҳһԣûһء
ҿҲˡû˵Դһ̾һûܵ壬ʱ޲ȥںòҵһץģ
װŮЦϼ˫ޣԲҪ˳ܵס壬ϼ˫ޣ˵ͻһƣΪһأʱ򡭡
װŮûм˵ȥģҲ㹻ˡ
˵͸һ˼ҲԼ󣬿ǣȴȻϲƮҶߵֻӹߵСֻжǱ漸ֻūֻܱ֤ô
ѡʻӲϼѡЩĳʶ
ǣǹװŮȴ˵һ춯صĻ
Σ๫һ¯Ǳʵ

Ҷֻһϵɽ˾Ͷ˼Сض鵤ҩӶ˸չ¶˵ֱӾͻὫԼĴ󸣵ضóȻҶɵһ
Ҫ֪ʴʿɡתζſٶҰٷְٲ˷ѵĽתʺԼҶɵΪ֮ԻߵѸ٣Ϊˡ
һϵʿһ֮ѷɣֱ߲㡣ϵֻǺεѸͿֲ
ʿⷽСС֮Уб޵ⷬԻ֪ǱʵĴڣκδȥⵤһڴӦ,
ǣ޵Ļش𡭡
ǱʵĶ˵ĵɣҪɱޣȡиһȻȥһʥȪбԴ֮ƳйǲȥѰܳʿˣҾͲţããûеڶܳʿ
ޣԪӤɱһ򣬹ҪεΪ
ʥȪ˵֮˵ССϻ磬ЩڵɶɳǣҲûһʿ֪⴫˵Ǽ٣
бԴ֮ǿֲ
ǳУٻбԴ֮ǳܴ֮ĸȡбԴ֮ڶǳ֮
ѾһʿܹĴͨˣǿɽ𵤣ӵǧԪǷǳ˵áܽԪӤԪ壬£ǿĴ󾳽硣ڿڤ顢ʿǣҲܶǳ֮
һУһŮʲôͷ
˵ҶѾʶȫԪ֮ϣ˿иèèܣҲ֪ȫʶԪҲܿھǳǳĵطȻصĴߴڣ
װŮ̾˿˵ԵҲǻԵǿδкýϣҸҵʱľ⺢ӡȻ֮䣬Ҿ;úصǰ
ԣҲʩ˯ȥطͣıǃ֮ȫʩչһ⺢ӡ๫⺢ٹһأǸһλɡ
ᵽǰ£ʱ;ȥ˺ܳʱ䣬˵ԪӤ׿ڤѣԲǰæҲῨԪӤϲȥθ˫ޣȻ㶼˵ˣҾ͸һλᡣ
˵ţָᵯһ΢Ҷڡ
طעסĴͼڡܽ⿪ӡݳ󷨵ֱ仯򿪴ͼŴͼϵıʶҵǵĸض죬ҾϿ
˵գָһ߿ռѿγһȶԲ͸ԲǱ߿ȥɽҰŨݺᣬһĸض졣
Ķǻؼҡ
ŮЩΪѵĿ۴ϵŮŮǿдȥ֪ʲô顣
ˣ㿴Űɡ̾˿ԼһǴض졣
Ů޿˯ŮٿڸභҶɣȻһЦСһҿѾˡԵܲܳɣͿԼĿ
һŮϵطһʿ޷׷ӡǣװŮ޷̤Ǵض졣
Բʧƽ˾ͺʲôûзһ58.
ȸл༭ƼǱԳ˰һܣĿǰԸܳ˰ҳλϲ飬ߵ֧֣
201242956ձ¼ƻÿո4
ղس1000Ӹ2£3000Ӹ5
ܻԱÿ1000Ӹ1
Ƽÿ500Ӹ1
================================
ŮõԼطͣŮıаҶɵĴæ
ȻҶѾ֪޿ռԪ񡣵ǣ׶졷׶εûճʱҶҲûȥ
һΣͻȻԡȴƵҶɲòϸԪ
һ׿Ĵ֮ԭʿûʲôԪ񣬾ȻâţһԾ׵ˮ׼
𣬷ٵֻԪ񣬶塣Ԫֵڵ壬ȻҪһЩ
ҲΪʲôŮ޻֣ᷢҶֵܹԭɷн̸Ƕʱ䣬þҶɵԪԾʱ
ԪȻϸʵֻپһʱ䣬ۺͻᱻԪâȫɢ׽һεţԼٲˡ
ҶҲѾЩĺϣҸȼĿԡǣҲʹʶԪ˳ǣҶɸҪʱ򣬾;жȻƬ޿ռ䡣
ӡĴͼ
λصϵԼҶɵĿ飬ȻҶɵĴԵӸոաȡҶɴԪԼȴҪȡҶŸߵĸ߷弱
ҶɵȻ֪ⶫȥֻ֪ⶫһԼ;ޱȵѹ֡
֮УԪңңԡܵⶫĸţѴŹâԪ񣬾ȻâЩսս
ǡӡ
ô˽󷨣Ǽһ⡱֣Լһμϼϣӡõġ䷻ʱҶɻеó˿˽˷÷ص㡣
ܲһɡҶɾǹŹ֡
⴦޿ռɹԪϢͺˣĽһѱӡǾ͸档
棬Ҫȴ򿪷ӡҶţִһǵӡ֮С
ʯ󺣣޶
ҶסˣӦúܺýѽ
˵ô㹻⿪ˣǵ⡱ַȴ˿
ô죿
һҶûмǿĻΪҪһ㡣û˺ϵ鷳ҶɷĴ󵨵ĻһֻƷūȥȡŹūķ
˲䣬Ҷ˸ǵ֮С
ȻûзӦ
һ룬ת˹ūʮ֮һķ֮ſʼġƷūķ൱ʿҲ˵ȥʿʮ֮һҲ޷֣
ҶɲΪȡ
ͬѰӦô죿
δ֮գҷõİ취رҶ֮˵ʿȲȥ⣬ǲһ鼮ϣΪס,
ǣҶɺƵǣܷԪѹƵĸо̫ˬˣһٳʲôʣԪ񱻻٣ԼɾҪҵˡ
ΣҲҪƿ
Ҫƿأ⡣Ҷɶ˵гһֻƷū˫Ʒֱһֻūϡ
ӿ룬ɿת
ĺôﾡţʿⷬȡתЧʾҪ͵öࡣ㲻ãֻƷūķȱ
ҶһֻƷūķȡһ룬ȫ㣬һǵ
жˡҶɴϲ
ķӵ룬̲Ĵġ⡱֣ۿɼٶȿڡ
ˣҶƵĽһ
ȫǸԻԼѾܵڵһε䵽Ľ紦Ȼûȫȥ
Ҷͣ룬ܿȫָǰȫûκβ
ҶɼֱҪѪˣûǺԶգȻҲԶգ
̶̵ʱԼȻ顣ʶŮ˯ɣҶɾҪãŮŪԼˡ
ڵҶɲ֪ܹԶָԭ״ķڷҪ⿪ڵ֧š
޵ԤƣͼֻҶɵڡҶɴﵽʱӡѾҶɵѪܱϸҶֻܹоڣҪѰһ
µĵһСС飬һжƷչȥҶΪҵӡⲢѡ
ڶǣĴͼϸӡ֮󣬻зֻϸ֮Уа취Ƴ
ǣϵҶϸˡͼһ壬ͣ̾ʹҶɵϸ֮У
vsҶ㱾£
Ҷɾ;ã׮飬ԼȥκսҪٱ
ѹ59.Ķ
ȸл༭ƼǱԳ˰һܣĿǰԸܳ˰ҳλϲ飬ߵ֧֣
201242956ձ¼ƻÿո4
ղس1000Ӹ2£3000Ӹ5
ܻԱÿ1000Ӹ1
Ƽÿ500Ӹ1
==================
֮У˳ҲĥѡӭѶϣпնԵηѲǰһ޳ɣ
ղŵĳԣҶѾףԼΪܽ⿪
Ϊܣ
ȻؾΪҲġĲ㣬Լһµʱ䣬߲㣬Ҳܱʱ̡
Ԫ񸽽ĹŹֶԼôʱ𣿿£ԼûѰٴνؾķԪѾѹѹôˡ
û취ƴˣ
ҶһҧٴλūȻֻ¹ū˫ڹūϣʼµĳ
һһȡūĶãǶҶɵؿ顣
Ȼʶǿᣬ˷ġ˶ʱֻҪһƿطһȡūڲ֮ˡ
˷Ķã߽ʿר
ԷϾսҶɻȥˡ
ʶ֣
Ҷ£ȫעӦһסκһֻ߳ңԪܴʶ޿ɱ⡣
סס
ҪżҪż
δ󲡶ĥļͣʱֵ쾡¡ÿʱҶҧأ˿ҡһεĴ˹ȥ
һΡ
Ρ
Ρ
һαһգһαһθѡΪһδգһδѣҶɵʶҲһһĳɳ
ʶǿᣬǽǹȥʱδʶΣȫŬ
̤ɽҶɣججģֻ֪ա׶졷ĹͰȥ֪лЩŵ˵ŵҪ֮󣬲Ż𽥽ӴǣΪ޵һͷȻھѾòԣ
ǴԵҲǴս
ͺŮĻԵһҶûϸûԪķ;ΪԪڣĴԵҲ϶һ
ǣŮ޿ҶʱػңһԣŮ޾ͻȡ
ڣǶŮʿѾʩչͨԽǺӣصԼĸض֮СҶи̣ܻǵӪȣ
սԼԵԼ
һһεսһһεĳһһεĹءüūӹгṩģҶɾãƺĶҲûôˡ
ҶɵȻ֪Ϊʶһء
ҶɵʶԼ൱˾Ųʿԣ귶롢˼ûǰ̣ȴоˡ
ԪʶΪûرؾʱΪΪ㣬Ҷɵʶˮ׼ҲͬˮǴߣͽʿᲢۡԣһ⾫׼ٿعū,
ڣҶɵʶѾ൱߽ˮ׼
ʱҶܹͣһ¹ūȻᾪķ֣Լ׼ݹūľ룬Ѿһɣߵһ
ҶɵȻͣΪǵķûȫʧԣѾŮ޴˸ǷһӵȴҲûȥ
ѽ˰ŮЩȵĿҶɣϽ·ƵţΪʲôô̰˯˼ҶѾˣԼȻûв
ûκλӦ
ף˵鵤Ҷ˫Ŀգɫϥڵϣ˫ֻһֻūŮһ˵ţһߴӴ鵤
ǣûκλӦ
Ůŷ֣ƺе㲻ԡ´ߵҶɵߣϸơ
ȻǷĶã
Ҷûָ˵ڵʶˣڵģҲЩˡŮȴǼѧ񣬺ܿͿˡ
һĶáŮ޾ССһ¡
Ķ߽ʿʩչķţ׿Խ֮ƺҲҪڲܳԡΪΪʲôʩչĶã
Ů޲ûпǰһĻˣҲܹµóҶҪĶãǱƵòòˡ
ȻӲ֪ԼĵѾˡ衰šҶɽԪᵽͽףϰָݣӲҶɵʶƵ߽ף
𾪺ܿ͹ȥˣŮ֮治Сתתڼ￴飬ҲײˡƺҵҲʲô
Ҷ֪ԼⷬƴȻǵ˳ޣİڵҧƴԴԴϵǵ֮60.ʺ
ȸл༭ƼǱԳ˰һܣĿǰԸܳ˰ҳλϲ飬ߵ֧֣
201242956ձ¼ƻÿո4
ղس1000Ӹ2£3000Ӹ5
ܻԱÿ1000Ӹ1
Ƽÿ500Ӹ1
==========================

Ҷɴ˿Ԫѹֵĸоʧˡ
汻ŵʲôڣҶĵľǣһս
ѾȺϾ飬ȻնıͨȥˣԼľҲѾķһաرǵڶΣĶòʶҲͬŵĶûвԣԼɵúúϢһ¡
ŷ򿪣뵵İƮƮ̿ʱʱ˸һ߲ʹâɷǺÿ
Ҷûио߲ʹâʲôΣԣҲͶȻ֪Ů޾վԼߣȴҲû
һ򣬰չԲʮСͲټϸգޱ޼ʣʲôҶֻһξ룬ͼı仯
ֻһϼӰĴɳǡһʺ磬䵽˰ıԵ
ѵһʺţҽȥҶĥţȴûȥ
Цʲô֪壬ɵӡƵ·ҶɻƴɴʱκвԣҶɲɵߡ
ȿ
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һЩͺһڽ̽һ㶶仯ûС
ʺ߽ȥˡ
ǲ
ȷŰɣŪ״ٽȥˣŮ޾ͨ󷨣ʺ翴һ󷨣˵֪ʺ
ţҶɾʶԪ˳
Ȼ壬ʲôطŰɣ˯ʱôͲأҸˣһվҶɾͱԹ
˵ҡôܡŮûϵҶɸһ˵㾪˵Ļ
ԹҶֺǺЦʵʿʱֻҪȥط壬һ϶군ˣҪǱܣ
Ůһʩչ֮鿴һӦһ壬Χô޹ʿôǣ

ҶɾҲ£ʲôӵĸĸ̳ܽ⣿ԼվˣȻڿ޹ʿ˵˳˵磬Ҳ˵㣬Ҳڡ
ת룬Ҳ⡣ʱԼҲʿеͣҪȻԼñޱźҧһͨ붼Ҫˡ
ŮżڵģҶ̾˿ǲ㹦ʲôӣ˯ʱԶˣҿ㻹ǸϽȥ㸸ĸ£ҲǶǺʿӦÿԽġ
Ŷ
֣ŮҲ֪˵ʲôźˡп巨УġһͱһűǲʩչڱǺö˶˵ģôܳ˲ӣ,
Ůް˼⡣
ǣȻҶѾ壬ΪʲôᰲȻ
ȥŮ벻ףԲȥ롣Ѿؼˣȥʵǡ
Ҵߵģǻ֪֡
ǺǣⱲǶټ֪֪ҲνˡҶЦ
ǻݾѪͿԿŮ޸ԼȫͬһϡԼ޵ʦ̶ֳȾͺˣԳΪϻʷһλԪӤ棬Ȼ͸áǣȻˣŮ޼ƺҲ޴󣬸κν
ǣ֪
ִֵ档
Ҷɾ;ƺʲôһԼ飬Ǿգ˯ˣһӾȫǣһΣǾղûľ˵˯ҲûмµһƺôȻ
Ҷɡ
𡣡
ãǰǸձãòǰɡҶЦǺǵĴȤﵱȻ֪ⲻܡҪǱüôʿĻ֮Ҳܶǰ
ǰأȴ㶺Ȥ˼ʵҶ֪ĸҡ
ɡҶɾȵ˵㶼ϿˣȻ֪ϻϻв
һֱòͷԸ㲻򡣡Ц
ͣҶɲСһ£Ϊ˱ܿ׷ٰɣǣһʲô޶ȺУ㻹ù˰
ԣܶ౦˰ε˵ӼʮԪӤʿץңҲܵĵ
ʮ
ҶҪѪˡ
û׶Ӧһ磬ʮ൱ڿڤͽʿĹ
˵ϻֻн棬ûԪӤ档ʮģֻҪһʮֱȥڸˣ
˵ҶһҪҲزصˡɴ໭ʮǶˡ
һҲãǰһ̫ˣȫ˲ŶԣҲΪ
ҲôҶҲб֣ھͲΧؾˡ
תһ룬ҪʲôݾѪǾͰ׸һˡ
ǣҶʵҪʲôϣʲô޵ģϻûС
Ҫôġ
ĻشҶɸǡ
ֻҪ߰˽޵ѪͿˣʮ׿հһһЩ
ͨҶɳ׵61.Լ
ȸл༭ƼǱԳ˰һܣĿǰԸܳ˰ҳλϲ飬ߵ֧֣
201242956ձ¼ƻÿո4
ղس1000Ӹ2£3000Ӹ5
ܻԱÿ1000Ӹ1
Ƽÿ500Ӹ1
================================
Ƨǿֻס
ʵ̫ˣ˼߰˽޲ʲôϻǿҲֻס
ȵʵôǵĽʿкʵ޲Ͽã
ֻ൱нʿˮ׼ڽʿ˵ֲʵ̫ͨ˵㡣
ֻȥˣпָ߽ܳ׵ޡ
Ҷ˵ţʦ졣ԭȪˮ̶ʱΪʦܻԼǣʶ¡º֪֮ʿȥðգʱһȥǼʮꡣǣʦ˼Ҳ͵ˡ
ͬĵ˵ͷ˵ѹǿĲǽΪȻٺãûԴҲ᲻ԪӤл㻹ǳȥɣҲԶЩԵ
Ǻǣǵõҽᵤ˵ҶЦ
ȻʮûϷôֻ뿪ԼҲü취㶨ڡ
䣬Ҷʵ˵ã֪֪ʲô󷨣԰ɣ
ܶ󷨰شʲô
뻹һʺƺֻͨʺţܽҶ˵
룬˵Χ̫֪ٵкüģʲô𣿡
ҶɷֳһʶԪǰת˼Ȧλشûˣֻǰʺ硣
Ǿû취ˡ˵ҪȥԣҰ󡣡
Ҷɰ룬Ҳæ󰡣ǵطôȥ
֮£Ҷֻҡҡͷ˵Ҳ˵ģ֪
Ҫʿ϶ͻỳˡǣ˵֮⣬ûӴˡϼֳЩҶдˡ
ǣ˵Ļֳطȥ
ţҲԼǴؼҵˡȻҶ˵ľҲǴӱģǣҲһýζ
һҶ˵ԼһЩ飬ȻʵҶɣղ˵ģ㻹֪ķ޲
ǰᣬ˵ѡҶЦӦ
Խ˽棬Խ沩ͨһСʿԪƳüȥоΪһЩȥĥҲС
ָͷ󷨣Ҳ֪ƷҶɣ㶮
ҲᡣҶɺǺЦҲŸոտʼʱ˼Щ
ɫ˵˵Ʒ󣬶Ըҿ㻹ǲҪֻͷѡһǡ
ܸ𣿡ҶɺʵͨūȡӿٶȰ,
ش˵ʹƾҵ˵ģʲô˼Ҳ̫˵
ԭǸţϰ˵ģȷʵӦû
Ҷ˼ĵ˵ͷʵô㿴ѧʲôźأ
ʱò̫෨ԶعôҲȤҲûʲô˼ѧ󷨰ɣҾô󡣡ϸ
ⷬºǵʿ˵ģǶָֻҶ޵ĳϡ걱ķҶҲȷʵӦѧϰ󷨡رǣﻹһĪİʺ磬ѧ󷨲źȥ󰡡
УҾѧ󷨡Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵ʱ䲻ˣ㻹ǸϽ߰ɡӣ꣬ٹɾͲ˵ˡ
˵ͷ˵Ǻãˡ
˵ţӴóһ׵ı񡣲ֻǿһֺĸоɼһͨı
㡣
ʲôҶûнӡȻ˱𣬵ҶɾãǵСֵϱȱл
һѶ鱦˵Ժлᣬܹ뿪ڤȥƾ鱦ϵ
鱦
ڤ
鱦鱦ԶԶ֮ϣ쳣ȻһѶ鱦ѾҶɷǳȡǣڱڤ򡭡
ڤһɶ𣿡Ҷɲʵ
Ȼɶ𿩿ЦţͷϷָָ㾳絽ˣ֪ʲôˡҶɣǵ˵ģϻ̫СʩչȭšǾȥĵطȥչɣǲлٴμ档
΢˶٣ɫ˵һҪǵŶⱲӵһѣϣܿڱڤ62.׼
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ҪأܲǻɡҶɺǺЦţҡҡͷΪԼں˵ȴûϵԼһ𡭡
ԼսָĺܾãҶҲЩˣϾʿԷ˯ǱġӴóһЩʳ˼㡢⸬ͺ˯¡
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˸´񡣸һҶɷųʶܸ˿һͰҶһ
ȻܹһֱϿڣ
ʶıֱҶɲŻȻ֪һ䣬ǿзĶĺôˡ
ﵽϿڣʮءҾ׼ķΧһ㶼ʶΧʮ֮һңҲ˵ٿһ
׼ΧԽԶսͻԽǿжʿǿֶ֮һĸͽʿҶɾͲǧ񱼣ҲǶһˡץĹūڿսʤ֮
û뵽⿪ǵӡȻԴЧǸֻʲôôأ
һ뵽Ҷɾ;ģϽȥŻ鼮ѧϰһ£ȡ̤ǵʺ磬Ƶ
һΣŻڵҶѾüΣפʿҲʶˡԣҶɸ߽̣һòŮޣЦӭ
ҶЩʲô
Ҷɵ鼮
Ůʣķأ
ơҶɻش
Ů޶ʱ㶡
෱ӣ󣬾ͷ֣ƶģƶĵܷģƶܷģࡣÿһϸµСࡣԼҵ෨鼮Ͷʮ֣ݾûظ˭һô鼮
˿͵ҪɡŮֻһС͸ϽѸйص鼮һһãóٱѳһСɽ
ôࣿҶɶʱͿɵˡ
ǰ̺֮ЩֻġŮ޵ͷ˵
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㡭
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Ǻǣ㸨һ󷨡ϰ崺ģյʲôöˣҶ΢Ц˵
һöǵתϼŻڰ֣ΪЦ
ǵǱģǿǺöϰִ׬һˡҶɺǺЦ
ǵݣϻǺܲˡľ͸˵۸ҪߡҶ̾һ䣬ȴûϵöǵԼźεȵĹ
ҶɸŻʱפŮˡ
ܹǧʮ顣,
ҶϹ˿ˣǧˡŻһӣͰͷĨȥˡʵھǧ˵ʮʲôŻˬĨȥͷȴܸ˿ºӡ
Ҷȴ΢΢üͷ
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ȻǰɱʿŪ׬һЩǣ˵ʯٿ۳Ҫķ޲ãʣ²ǧˣ̫
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ȻԡŻЦ֪Ҷʲôö
Ҷ룬׷˳
ƷŻ۾ˣҶѣǺöõȥĳʯأҿɲùۡ
Ż⻰Ǹʵϵˡɱļ̣¾Ҫһۣſ
ҶɺǺЦô鷳ˣȡ˷Ҫؾɣ飬Σ
Ȼԣҿռ˴˰ŻЦʹӦ
һƷļ۸񣬶׷ƷҪһƷã۸ֹ顣
Ҷ鼮ŻʵҶѣǸʯĶ
Ҷ룬˵бٹȵƿ
ҶʣŻǳ졣Ҫ֪ǰҶɲŸմʮٹȵ㹻ʮˡһ˵ʿչôáҶһô࣬ѾЩأȻҪŻӵĺ档
棬˵׼ŻҲû׷ʡ
ֻʮˣҶѿ
ǰʮһ֧ʮáչʮ꣬ʿ顣ŻһʣʵҲһϰߣûҶɻòǣ롭
ϰæʮҶ˵
Ҷɵϵؾʮ꣬޵߽׵κ⡣ֽٶ԰ˡǣʱǷһ̼ҶȴãôҲ˽𵤣źóʱȥѰһѰԵƺпܴ˵ǰ㾳硣
ҶⷬҪ󣬰ʿȫ63.ʶ֮
˺һӣʿ𽥻ع
ŻһĴָ޵ҶҪרĿˣд˺ߣسɴĳԤףҶѳɹˣ
˿ҶֻΪʮٹȵչһʮµʱ䣬ܹˡ뵱귶߲ΪҪʮʱѾ˼
ǣŻû뵽ҶɵĿ겻ǽᵤ
ҶɵЦЦҲ˵ơŻȥȡʮٹȵЩٹȵʣʯȫװУ˹֣뿪Żĵ̡
Ҫõ֣һʱҶҲûʹ۷סоһ󷨡ǣ·ϼʱƼʿ߽ʿߣҲͶ˼
׷һʯõĶҲл
ţҶϼȥ
߼Ͳ˴Զ߳塣ʶһɨǸн׵ʿ·ʿ׷ױãκαԹ
ҶɲΪ⣬ʱ˵УҲһԼѾߵϼڣʿӦüˡ
ȴû롭
Сӣ𵲵
뻹ʮɣнʿͷһʩߵڵҶɸƷɡ
ΪԼһ֣Ҷ򲻿ܶ㿪֪ûʩչҶɾͺȻһ٣ϼۼⷨһɣҪϼȥˣʿɫһ䣬Ͻǿж˷Ӳ˷֮ɫ˲һ¡
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ʿɫ粻䣬һΪҶɴ٣ԲŻ״
нʿ֪ʱҶɣʶ߽ˮ׼ǿһءŸոտʼָͷҶɾϵᷢʲôԲŻͻȻ٣ϼһܡ
֪Լ˰ʿ߽ϼ󣬷ټһѾͷܶλҡ۾һƳͷָղźȻٽϼСӾڲԶ
Сӣֻнףʲô֣ӹȥɣнʿĳҶɺȵ
Ҷüߵ˭涨нײ𣿡
涨ϼԻڴ֪ͨڴտҲȻ˭ܽ
ʿ˵ӵĹ涨ôСӸҷ
˵ţʿʹȥץҶɡղûҶɸƷɣڰӳȥҲһֻǣղŻϼ⣬ʿ÷ڣȴֻȥץ
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ǡ
ʿץ֮ǰҶɾѾˡ쳣ģҶŲ룬㿪ʿһץȻҶɽŲͣȻƵʿ,
ǰҪָ̫ʿϵ˵㣬ûκΧʿȫ
ôģ
Ƣʿڣ˶סˡ
ĳֹĪҲ⡣ǣƽģֻ߼ת˵ǹˣ·
Ƣʿʱ̣ŭţһתҪһҶɡǵϼԲûж÷
Ҷˣʵ̫񻰡
£ҶҲ顣ֻƽ˼ܿʿĹŹһ£ʿûзһģ͵˸ࡣ
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Сǰж
ⷬභಫʦභһ㡣˵ʿʶҪʿǿܶ࣬ʦභҲһռϷ硣ǣôûϵǣȻСӿǰʿж
ѲɣСʶʿǿ
ʿҲ̫˼ǣͶΪҶʲô˵ıˡ
ƢнʿҲΪŭҪıԣΪӪҶɱƽǣʱϼʿˡ
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һϼʿɵһϽ˵ңҡ
Ȼ󣬾ȥĵطѰҿλȥˡ
лǰҶɹ˹֣ƽ˻ȥͺղŸûκ顣
ϼʿĿһҶɣҲûŵ뿪ȥĵطά64.һöֵĵ
ⳡϷͶ֣˸ּɴ£պܿͱ쳣ҡ
ΪûкõĶ֣Ҷһֱ͵۹עⳡᣬûв뾺ۡ
һһҶĶƷˡ
һֻƷȣ
Ʒȣ൱ĳʿˮ׼ƵõʿҲƾнʿһ
ҶɵʶѾ߽ˮ׼ӵֵεĹūʤнʿ
ջҶܲĶǣһļۣûͷˡ
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൱Ʒļۣǹ󰡡Ҷεҡҡͷ
ϸҲԣһʲô˵ΣգԱУԼȡʱ䡣ôĺôʵͨƷҪֵǮ
ȻֻһֻƷȾĵ˾顣ҶƣҪ۵ʿֱڤڡڤרɡмɢҲڲ뾺ۣѾüͷܴˡ
ʱһɢ޵ıۣҶɵȤ
飬һƷ꽣
ȻۣҶɵһ䡣ͷһοܱʯļ۵ġ
ʱҶߣѾ͵͵۲ҶõһλͽʿǺЦȻۣ鵤ݵȵȣֻҪֵǮģܼ뾺ۡ
ҶȻר־Ŀᣬڵʶ˲ϴԼ֪һҲĲˣִǶҲֳܷ߰˰ˡ
λʿĻϲ⡣
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ʿ㶣ղŻֻ˵һ룬δ˵ӽƷμƼۡΪͿԸҶɴϻˡȻٽһ֪̽٣Ժ¡ȴû룬ҶƽĻӦԼû취Ƥ˵ȥ
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ƷһöǵܵǵصͲ÷ѿˣǵļֵȻߡԭǴ㰴ǧļۣǡ
˸ӣȫעܿͱֻǣһʿΪҶʶ̫߳ࡣԣȻĻȤȴû˳׷ʣţȴ¼˵
Ⲣ䳡ȫö⣬΢΢ЦǣöǵϵһƣȴǵȤ
˵ţһֻһ⻪ʤǰ̨ĿУһ˶ĹĻ
ĻʾģöǵϵĻޱδʿܿ÷ǳ
һ⻨ƣҶɵľ͵ؼ
⻨ƣ͸ǲ֮ܶĶһģһ
Ѱǧٶȣȴû룬Ȼϼˣ
ҶֻԼţöǵĿԶղֻƷȣ,
ϼǧ𿴳ǵҿ϶Ĳ
˵ģǾԨħһ޼֮ԼϵȻԸ˾Ԩħ⡣ⷨεȵɼһߣ
οǲֻܶоԨħһַҶɸҿ϶ܶΪߣʩչķȻ
ڵĲܶʩչķ޼֮ķʲô
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Ʒȣ൱ĳʿˮ׼ƵõʿҲƾнʿһ
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ջҶܲĶǣһļۣûͷˡ
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ϸҲԣһʲô˵ΣգԱУԼȡʱ䡣ôĺôʵͨƷҪֵǮ
ȻֻһֻƷȾĵ˾顣ҶƣҪ۵ʿֱڤڡڤרɡмɢҲڲ뾺ۣѾüͷܴˡ
ʱһɢ޵ıۣҶɵȤ
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ȻۣҶɵһ䡣ͷһοܱʯļ۵ġ
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ҶȻר־Ŀᣬڵʶ˲ϴԼ֪һҲĲˣִǶҲֳܷ߰˰ˡ
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˸ӣȫעܿͱֻǣһʿΪҶʶ̫߳ࡣԣȻĻȤȴû˳׷ʣţȴ¼˵
Ⲣ䳡ȫö⣬΢΢ЦǣöǵϵһƣȴǵȤ
˵ţһֻһ⻪ʤǰ̨ĿУһ˶ĹĻ
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˵ģǾԨħһ޼֮ԼϵȻԸ˾Ԩħ⡣ⷨεȵɼһߣ
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˵֮ҡͷЦʦòüңȻɽѾӦˣҿ϶˵ʵ顣Ҳܵҵˮɡ

ʿĻˣЦ
ʱҶȴøܣгʹࡣ
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ʿЦ֮˵ǿʣаħԪ壬ΪħһЩͬΪ˶ϹսԽ˹ϿеؾһЩ帺ؾڡһãؾ֮е彥˥䣬פسڵҲȥһͬ࣬ΪЩ⣬ԻԪʽôڣΪаħԪ񡣡
Ҷ֪ˣ𹬵ʿзؾڡȻǲȰ裬ǿд򿪡üаħԪ˳˹Ͽ޳,
𹬵ʿ׷ϵаħԪձץסˡһаħԪȴ̥ᡣϼִҪöǵҲ˵ڵı仯ܽɽɶ֮ءҲϼôԣҴɽڴöǵģɽƽֳؾʯ룡
㲻ǱǷεƽʯһǾ˵ĲƸ
ʿͳƹһٶʿؾѰÿʿÿ֧һǧ飬һٶӾʮ顣ɽʿƣԴĶĺŴɣҲһʷǳ޴롣
һһ룬һ顣ȻϹؾѾغ島˹ϵ̽꣬Ҳȫ̽ûʯ
ո˵꣬ʿˢһӣĿȫۼ˶ϡ
ôʿıĿ⣬ǶֹܶೡᣬҲеСšֻ˫΢죬ϸ˵λӦ㻨ٶʯҲ򲻵öǵϼһƷײۡ

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Ҷ֪ղŵĿۣͷ࣬ʵԪΧסʱԼ黹ô⡣
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ҶþںܽҲ˲ϼĹأҲܻʿߣϽʩչٳ˳ȥ
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ҩ㣬ԼɡӴóһƵķӣ˹,
ҶҲû˿ֻ֮Уһɫ֬иǸһ򿪣˱ǣܿͳ
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ĽװƷĺ󸸹డ˺ġɵ˵
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Ҷɱ𿴵ò˼ףǺЦҲǰҿܷɵˡһɵأϽɡ
ǲӣҶɸɴ÷Ӹ˻ȥ
꣬Ҷ⻰ЦˡȻԽЦԽȤȻǰϵģͣЦ
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ԭϲ⿣ԲŻ񡣡Ҷɰţг֮顣
ˣִŵˣܻ˲ɵĸжһִŵˡ
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ļ棬ҶɲпһŮӣصľת֮ʱھǷ֮ʱѧϰ֮ʱȻ⿣
ˡ֣Ҷɼֱ֪˵ʲôźˡ
ǳǳĳһŨļɿڣζ
һϸ˿ͽ˳޿ޣ
óԣ
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˵ôáȻ˵ţɿϲȻ쳣ĸˡ
һļ棬ҶɺһӾͳˡĶӣǺЦ
ǳԵú𣿡Цѵûбĸо
ĸоҶȫһ飬˵ûʲôо
ɣһԪѵûб仯ǳԾ
Ԫ񣿡ҶϸϸĿһ£ҡҡͷ˵ûκα仯
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ôˣҶɲʵѲ⼦棬ԪЧ
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Ԫ񵤣
ҶҪˣⶫǴ˵е𣿾ȻԼˣ
ȷʵأһƷͨãȷʵʺԼáΪʲôʧЧҶǸ㲻ˡ
ǺЦҲһԵɣлˡ
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գһγҶɵǰһΣҶɾԼԷǳƽ͵̬ȥ,
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һ˲䣬Ҷɾ;Īĳǣһ̣ХŴԼӹûмκβ
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˵ö飬װŮҲƿԡ
˳Ĭһ֮ٿȥǿʯѾڸҶĵ71.ɽˡ
͵֧֣
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һΣˡ
ٴʩչǣɴûдϡϵְ֮飬Ҷɿз
ĺǣҵı£ܿͻҹ㣬鷳ġһΣ۷һٷѾǺðˡ
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Ľ˵ұҪˣһҲûл͵͵ܳɣһҪǵҡ
εĻͨƪһ顱֡Ů˼Ҷ
ҡ죬Ҷɲ֪˵ʲôźá
Ҫ˵ԼҲ飬˲ŽӴ˶ã־˶飬Ӻ
Ҫ˵Լ⣬һɫˣӲ˵Ķ˵˵
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ôѹҲǸҺܴĶҶɿЦҡҡͷȥ롣۵黹飬˵Ļ֮ԼھͲӦó룬ȰΪ˲
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Ҷɫ´һ·ɽʵλǰȪˮ̶߲ǳɣôã㣿
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ҡҡͷɽɫ˵ҶϣȻѾɽɿ䳤ˣͲýǰֱӽҷϾˡ
ǣϡ
ҲлعϽվʩ񣺡Ҷϣ
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һƷáҶɷǳˣԼûгֵĹʹƷҪķѵķʹƷٵöࡣϷĶ֮Լȫֱ˶

һЩƷʲĿʯһЩõҩģûǰֵߡ٣ȫҲֵʯ
ûκʯԤϵһʦǲʲôʯʣġЩʦʱոŪ֣ԼҲòʲôô
괢̧ͷһڵϣɫءҶɲɵþȵϣ°ɣҪҪһ
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ҶϣԪΪʲô̶ȣ
Ҳ̫Ҷҡҡͷ˵ӦñŲǿɣʲôһû޷ȷ,
Ǿ͸Ͽ쿴һȻѾʳ˿ڣʸˮʯɽ;Լ϶Ҫħˡ
ǣʱҶεʼ硣
ôܣɽţͨʿҲԿһĹˡʦ˵ҶϵʶǿҲܿн׵Ĺˣ
Ȼɽ˵˿϶Ҷɻһ̯˵治ƭ㣬ǰʱŲ㹦˵Եʶǣֿһ&lt;׶&gt;ſŲ㹦ζˡ
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⻰ɽ˵Ķţʲô״̬״̬ġҶΡʱ;ȫ˵ˡ
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⣬ɽֱҪѪˡ
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Ҷԣ˻ΣӰеۼֿ죬ϽһѽС
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ϻȻģȫ˭֪Ҳˣ
ɽֹţ˵ҶϣѾˣԲ֪ˣ
Ҷɵ˵ͷʶ룬ˢһӣ޾ĺ֪ʶʶ֮չ֣
73.ԭϸ
пѴҺãˣλָ
======================================
ֻһʱĹҶɾ͸ǸԼܾõ⡣
ԭǴգϸ
鵤౾Ԫϸ
ԭһǰԼѾϸ֮УˣѹԼºͶս
˶ףǡ
ѹǴӳԼٿصĶԭϸԽۣӣ֮У
󿴣Ҷ֪ԼԪˮ׼ԼʶǴﵽ߲ˮ׼
ԭȣҶֻΪʵս²⵽Լʶˮ׼ܱһʿǿڣ֪ǿʲô̶ȣ
ѹԪûãҶԪˣһԪʲôô
Ҷɰҡҡͷȥһֱ˽Ĳ㣬޷ȥʶһ֮裬͸ȥһģһ
~
Ҷ˿վǳʽĹллָ㣬ֱڣҶĳ˽Լ
Ҷϣ⻰˵ġɽϽվ˵һЩʶֵ֣صл
ǺǣƫƫôʶҶЦָܶ㡣
ӦõģӦõġɽ˵ڣҶϸ֪Ԫˮ׼˰ɣʲô̶ˣ
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ɽʱ;°ۣһУŰ°͸˻

˵ɽҲ֪ôˣܲܵ˼ҵɣҲ̫òǣɽٶһ䣬ʶˮ׼Ҳ˲òòˣֱӾͻС
˶Ŀ
ⷬģҪҶѯʣɽش𡣺ö಻飬ɽϸ˵Ҷڶˡ˵˵ţҶɺȻһ
ϣֶ֪ûУҶɴӴóһͨڵľż
սżɽһۣʹһ¡ȻЩԡ
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ɽ˵Ҷɷס
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ȿΪûǣٶ쳣ңΪܹȡƣʲôã˵ˮһˮ˵
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ǣʹþ֮Խơ
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ԣҶȻڡмⷨҲֻ㿴ûû뵽ɱһĻϲͽʿȻܵõĲϣ
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ɽָսż˵ȣսżˮƽֲ̫˵㣬ʿսŻ᲻ߡһȻָīľһֻƷϼѵĹū壬ҹţʦǰҲۺ찡
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ΪѰΪСؾҶǿ䳤ϣɽҲͲеĿġ˵Ҷɻܰæ
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˽ʱѻϡɫ΢Щ԰ףȴǳܡ
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˺Ŭʱм־˺üΣգҶڽʮ澭Ѩͳͳӳ䵽ϸ֮С
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ҶɺǺЦҲлˣû뵽Ȼ᲼󣬻ȫŰڻǸ˵ʱ֣ҪСһ㡣
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ܿ죬ͷ֣ԼƬŨˡ
Ե޹ʵɢҲԵ޹ʵ
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Ҷü˼ʱݴٴηֻոջָݷģ·ֱ߿ճͣԶݴֳݷǰ·ߣֱЩȦȥ
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ٿһʮ·ǣҲжһ߾ٹͷƺܿҪһ
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죬ȴ˵յұȻ˺һӣûҶԼ˼һż͵Ҷײ˹ȥ
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ԭ֮ޣʮѱԼȡã֮̾࣬ҶȻ뵽һ⡣
ӵеЩ塣ڵԽã̶ȾԽѰʿϲֱӷãʹãԣʿŷ֮
ȴûֹ˼ɣǿᣬпܱܳſھͿˣ鷳ժơԣʿʱܸ̳ԵĻᡣ
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Ҷɿɲ֪򵥵һ֣ȻһŷԼøһЩڿҿĴռݡ޲ϣڴڷƵʱ򣬻Ūһö
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ԶĶսȫûгִչļҶҡҡͷ治֪ǻᶷ϶꣬һǼˡ,
ЩĵⲽҶֵҲץ̫ˣֻܼ߽߱ǽǵıˣ̫ϧˡ
µĶսֻ䡣ǣԼȴֻռ˲ʮֻ޵ĲϣֻҪˣ÷ǳϧ
ֻǣˣϰ̫֡ţˡһȺûε޵Ĳϣֵռ
ҸʵĻᣬöڱʱҶ
ҷֵ֮㣬ҲҪú
Ҷ˵ȻܲȤǣǺܸ˳˹ȥ

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޵нף
Ҷɹţߵʵ󶷵ܾˣԼҲӵнˮ׼пܻˮ㣬̵һˣֱӾͰĿ궨нס
ɽ˵ԪԼΪߵ͵ҪءһҲҪ壬鷨ҪԪ񣡡
ΪԪˮ׼ԶԶΪԣʱҶɲûпȥԪڻ˱֮ʱԪˮ׼Ѵﵽ㡣ʱȥˣԪˮ׼ŸոմĲıԵ
Ҫ޵нףԪˮ׼Ҫﵽ㣡
ҶɸԼµת۷ͬʱĶãϸ֮95.Ԫ
һ룬澭Ѩϸ֮һһֳÿһѨе΢ͷҲɼ
һΪ֮ʶˮ׼Ҳ֮ߣҶɿԿ׶졷н𵤸߽ʱ֪ԭԼپʱ֮Ȼǽ𵤸߽ʿΪ˽ӤķšȻƪ٣侫֮ԶԶʤ׶졷
֪λǰǺȻбȼƷҪķšлһ϶
Ҷȴ֪ʱŵλǰԹԵԼԼ͹ȥһ˿֮
ԪۣΪ𵤡𵤻ΣΪԪӤڻûнᵤȴѾ˳Ӥĵһ֪ɲԿ𵤣ֱӻγӤˣԪˮ׼ܱǣ
Ǳĸĸ϶Ҳ뷨ȻΪֲҶһʿ޷ĴڡǣҲǰͰ࣬һһͻһ֮УΪԪˮ׼䣬ûʱ
Ҷȴͬ
ԪոѷɣײŪһС׳ǿбٳϸռ䡣Ϊֻͽˮ׼Ԫˮ׼߽סһ
ʱֻΪȴΪĸ飬Ԫˮ׼һ·쭣ǵ㣬ǰ˷Ķõķšڶ
ǿᣬȴӵ鼮ɥȪΣʱ̣õİø߽Ϊ̤˳Ӥĵһ
ҶϰѾǱʶΪƷţ޷ԽĴڡ󵨵ȥԣӡĹ
ÿһҶΣգ׹ٲԨԣڴ󵨵ĳͬʱǱʶޱȵСĽҽð
ΪǱʶֻԸעҶɻڲͬעһδ桭
ֱ𵤸߽ţ
Ȼλǰűȡ׶졷еĸ߼Ҷɾֱһƪš
ҪԪ񻯳һ˸ҪѨżԻһѨ
ӿȪѨ
ӿȪΪѨȻҪȴѻѨҶʮֽѳγԶӿȪѨϡ
Ԫ֮ʼеѨֻѨʱѨڡԪ֮ǰԪϲûѨڡǣûѨԪȴҲѾʿİأ
Ԫ翡ȻƮ죬ȴҲһӦ
ѷɣԪǺ֮Ԫ񣬾Ͱʿİأ
ҪԪϻӿȪѨҪҵӿȪѨڡȥңؼϸе黯澭֮ͼ
ӦҵӿȪѨڣ
ҶĬĬƪţԪųʶ֮˿ϸ黯ӿȪѨȥ
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ʶ˿ߴ黯ӿȪѨûκθӦһγԣû˳ҵԪаӿȪѨ

ɢʶ˿ߣٴһʶ֮˿,
һһεĳԣһһεʧܣǵûκͻƵļ󣬾һûС
Ҫǿʶ
룬ɴ֮ȫȥ໤֮˲Լֻǲת״ٶȱȽѡ
ʶȫۼԪ֮ϣҶɿʼµĳԡ
ʵʶ˿ȥһδ黯ӿȪѨ
иоˣ
жûд
ҶɸϽ׷ָоԪ֮ѰѨֻҪȷѨڣܽȹ

Ԫһ࣬һ޵֡
ȥ
Ҷɽ׷ţתӿǴ㡣
ʧܡ
ûڴһǴ㣬һӣԪ˺üء
о漴ʧҲټ
ѵȱ˵ʲô
в裬ûд󡣵ǣȴ顣
ҲΪԪˮ׼
ᵤܳӤԼһŬȫ׷ˡҶе㲻ģһΡ
ףԣе仯
κα仯ζͻƵһΣƺһ㴦͸˽ȥֻǣ˵㣬ȫûмӿȪѨĸо

һγԣʧܡ
ټ
һγԣֳɹˡ
һδγҶɷ֣ȻɹļʱʧܵļС٣ǣÿһγɹһһӿȪѨɹΣƺԽԽˡ
пֱӿ𵤣ԪΣ
Ҷɾ񣬳һδγȥ95.Ԫ
һ룬澭Ѩϸ֮һһֳÿһѨе΢ͷҲɼ
һΪ֮ʶˮ׼Ҳ֮ߣҶɿԿ׶졷н𵤸߽ʱ֪ԭԼپʱ֮Ȼǽ𵤸߽ʿΪ˽ӤķšȻƪ٣侫֮ԶԶʤ׶졷
֪λǰǺȻбȼƷҪķšлһ϶
Ҷȴ֪ʱŵλǰԹԵԼԼ͹ȥһ˿֮
ԪۣΪ𵤡𵤻ΣΪԪӤڻûнᵤȴѾ˳Ӥĵһ֪ɲԿ𵤣ֱӻγӤˣԪˮ׼ܱǣ
Ǳĸĸ϶Ҳ뷨ȻΪֲҶһʿ޷ĴڡǣҲǰͰ࣬һһͻһ֮УΪԪˮ׼䣬ûʱ
Ҷȴͬ
ԪոѷɣײŪһС׳ǿбٳϸռ䡣Ϊֻͽˮ׼Ԫˮ׼߽סһ
ʱֻΪȴΪĸ飬Ԫˮ׼һ·쭣ǵ㣬ǰ˷Ķõķšڶ
ǿᣬȴӵ鼮ɥȪΣʱ̣õİø߽Ϊ̤˳Ӥĵһ
ҶϰѾǱʶΪƷţ޷ԽĴڡ󵨵ȥԣӡĹ
ÿһҶΣգ׹ٲԨԣڴ󵨵ĳͬʱǱʶޱȵСĽҽð
ΪǱʶֻԸעҶɻڲͬעһδ桭
ֱ𵤸߽ţ
Ȼλǰűȡ׶졷еĸ߼Ҷɾֱһƪš
ҪԪ񻯳һ˸ҪѨżԻһѨ
ӿȪѨ
ӿȪΪѨȻҪȴѻѨҶʮֽѳγԶӿȪѨϡ
Ԫ֮ʼеѨֻѨʱѨڡԪ֮ǰԪϲûѨڡǣûѨԪȴҲѾʿİأ
Ԫ翡ȻƮ죬ȴҲһӦ
ѷɣԪǺ֮Ԫ񣬾Ͱʿİأ
ҪԪϻӿȪѨҪҵӿȪѨڡȥңؼϸе黯澭֮ͼ
ӦҵӿȪѨڣ
ҶĬĬƪţԪųʶ֮˿ϸ黯ӿȪѨȥ
޷
ʶ˿ߴ黯ӿȪѨûκθӦһγԣû˳ҵԪаӿȪѨ

ɢʶ˿ߣٴһʶ֮˿,
һһεĳԣһһεʧܣǵûκͻƵļ󣬾һûС
Ҫǿʶ
룬ɴ֮ȫȥ໤֮˲Լֻǲת״ٶȱȽѡ
ʶȫۼԪ֮ϣҶɿʼµĳԡ
ʵʶ˿ȥһδ黯ӿȪѨ
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жûд
ҶɸϽ׷ָоԪ֮ѰѨֻҪȷѨڣܽȹ

Ԫһ࣬һ޵֡
ȥ
Ҷɽ׷ţתӿǴ㡣
ʧܡ
ûڴһǴ㣬һӣԪ˺üء
о漴ʧҲټ
ѵȱ˵ʲô
в裬ûд󡣵ǣȴ顣
ҲΪԪˮ׼
ᵤܳӤԼһŬȫ׷ˡҶе㲻ģһΡ
ףԣе仯
κα仯ζͻƵһΣƺһ㴦͸˽ȥֻǣ˵㣬ȫûмӿȪѨĸо

һγԣʧܡ
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Ѿֻˣƽɫս֣ʱһߵ
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ȥһ䣬޽᲻ϳ֡ҪǱĳɰǧֻޣεֵ
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֧ûгȥⲫǷɢվһȦ֮СȻһĶ󷨡,
һȺŽȻײЩط󣬾ͿȦа׹һ䣡䣡䣡һȺŽӲǱɳȥҲ֪мֻԻ
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ɢŲͬݵĲ֫壬ǣҶҲûȤȥŪˡռޣ˺üµ޲ϣռȴҲѾˡʩչһʬ壬ûзǣĹۿһеĶ񶷡
Žܣֻ޻ô죿
ֻǰֻֻͣеֻ޳ȥһףһĴ׳ӡֳһ˶͵ľͳһȦȥ
Բģ
Ȼһ˲䣬ϵȡ˲١ǣʣȻǿ
ռѹȻǣפȦˡһ׹󣬻޵ΪС
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γɵٶԽԽ죬ȦȻûȴߴƶ˺ü߾롣
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ҿʼղϰֳֻ֣°ע֮ϡ
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ڣԴԴϵߴȥϵҲ˻ᣬ˸ߵƽ̨Ȧеʱǣͷȴǵģֻ

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ҪǱͺˣһŪһЩݵľѪǿ԰ö
ܰʿٶߵ׹ӰǱĲҶɿһֱֶرԶԶĹۿⳡҴսԽãҪмȫԻӡ,
˵⣬ġվҶɼϵı˼Ҫ˲ˣⳡ飭޴ս˼ң˲ŸӰȫҸᣬǸĪеǰ壬ͼŸ
ڱڤ˼룬ڲ¶ݵ£ͼ˲Ҷɵʱ幹˵ڶߡ
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һ⻯ݾƾٶܡǣһ̫죬Ÿո٣ͱ˸ͨ͸
䣡
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δε˵޵ľѪҲ֮־ѪԴǻεļʡһֻ䣬϶ǵȺ޷ǣΪƣЩ޾ͺûпֻңԶ֮صĻݣԷУĵڶ߷͹
ûᣡҶ۾һǻķıȥ101.ź
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ΪѾ䣬⻯ݱԭΣһֻȸһʰ쵵ĳβֻצȴܴ׳ÿֻצϻצеĿȸȫͬ
ӴóһƵĿƿӣⲻ֪ϵʩ˸ξѪȺսƿ֮С
һֻǧξѪȴֻʣôҶɲҡͷпֻξѪһȫݻˡ
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𼫶ҡͷҲǣͷҲǣֻõԴ
˾ѪݵëצҲǼƷϣҶһ´Ŭڳһռ䣬Щݲ˻ȥȫϣҶɷ֣ʬ棬ѹһ˸׹Сʯͷ
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ҶɴϲⶫԼġΪԽߣԽӴǿտеٶȲɱĻήʯͽˡ
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ؾеŨȣп϶ƷʯƷʯƷʯ
Ķжۡ

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ȴģָҶʶʲô֡
գ¹۲졭
ǡһͷ޵ź
Ҷˣ𵽵׷ʲôЩĿ󶴣Щɽһͷ޴ޣ,
ź˷Բʮأͷ޾Ȼ˾޴󣡡ҶٿȻľ
һ룬ǰվһͷʮﷶΧľޣһ飿
˺һӣҶɷһ
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ʲôҪҶεҡҡͷ
Լҵ޷塣Լڿܻھ޷֮ι䡣ڣþˡ
һգҶɴ뿪飭޴սսʱ䣬ٹһʱܼһ˵ԼܺŪλ޵ľѪ
ҶٴյʱȻüͷһ壬ʩ˸
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ʮ壬ǰӲУҶЩηԶơڼʶĿֲ֮ѾڴܹɱһˡͻЩǿĴڣǾԶ֮ΪǣЩ˹ȥҶɺȻЩԾ
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Զȥ壬Ҷɾĸȥ102.
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ЩСϹ˰ʱϵ飭޴սŪξѪҶɣЩͷˡ
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ȻҶҲСĴ衣ܹǿƣ϶˲õĴڡֻǣ˲õĴڣܴؾֻ֣޴ͻҷ
ЩƣҲĳķҲĳʧıҶţɵüʵδƣ
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ʱȻ֣еֻ޶104.֮ܣٿȻľ
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һ룬ƺֲ̫ܡӵгԽʮ޵ȫԳȥݺˣ˭סؾãչֻһءҶʿ˵ؾܲɶʮһףǿ˵ȴԵִ̫١
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ѹֵһֱҳ
һ̣Ҳһ㸸׵ġһ˵̣ҲпѪȵĳ棡

ηĳȻΪֶεֻޣֻȵʱǡŻᷢһ
һʼ³޻Ȳƽ𲽽ӽط顣ģ³ޣҲΪˣ٣޷ǰһ
ʱͳ˧ˮ޵ֻޣԼӣƶһξ롣
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һʱ䣬ҽؾѾʮˣҵʱԽԽ̣
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µεļ֣ҲⲻܵˡΪ޷׷ĴɢҲûԼǣԶȥ,

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ǿԼʵǿܶ࣬ȻˣҪĨɱҲѡ³ͷˣֱӡԼǾǡ
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ȣ֮ʯϺһҶɾ˹СԵǺǿȻֻһҲ𽹼ðⷨŵĵܹĥģ㻯˵ɡ

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ҶҲЦǺǵĸڱ棬ԸոսᵤΪٳĿռ䣬ȷ԰ˡ
ܿ죬ǾߵصľͷһƬããδ֪֮ǰչ֮֡ƺû䡣
Ҷɺܺ棬ʶ̽̽ʶһƬãã˲ͱ֧顣ʱ䣬Ҷɾ;ϸи𵴣Ԫްɫʱɷף̲ס˼ѪҲҳԡ
֮ʯֿռ䲻ȤƵĵںⲽأûüֹҶɡҶ¼ѪɵôΪţϺȵСӣǻʱգܿӵģ
Ȼ֮ʯܲĳ山µ˵ôֹСӣ뿴
𿴼ҶѪѾÿˣ֮ʯһѵȫԼĴ৵ľֹֹס
Ҽʶ̫١ҶǿסϸסԪ
Ԫ֮⣬˲٣Ԫ񾳽羹Ȼһ㣡
ǰʲôǻʱգҶʵ
ʱգ˼壬ʱͿռ䶼쳣ȶĵطѾˣΪλֿռıԵҳ̶ȴҿĻʱգС֮ʯûĽѵСӣδ֪û⡣ǣǧҪʶȥʶԪʶܴԪҲܲ
СܽˡҶɳϿҵĵ˵ͷ
ֵɽû˵¡ºû˵ӴĶ̫ͣش
֮ʯǷһ־ǲ˵ķţΪٳӴֿռ䣬滹˿ֲĶԺԼöСˡ
ỹֹסҶɲɵÿЦҡͷ˵˵ˣȫҵĴ㰤
Ȱһֹסһ˫ˮĴ۾ҶɣﰵԷģһҪԼѧ֪ЩҶɣǧٷˡ
ôܸأѵǽĪеǰ
Ƴڵ֮ʯ

֮ʯƬռҶɶԳȥҪѰ壬ȻõڶԪԡ塱ݣ塰֡˻ȥ
Ҷɳֿռ䣬𿪿˵ˡ
ǰһæ
ٺ٣СѾͷڿϿ˵ˡ֮ʯٺЦҪ˼ҰæҪ۵ġ
ʲôۣ
롭˼Һóԣһ鼫ƷʯһΡ
Σôȥ
գգ۾ּۻ۵һʮ޻꣬Σ
޻겻óԡ֮ʯ࣬˵Ҫ޻ˣһ鼫Ʒʯ
һʯеȵȥʯҾͲæ
ô鷳ûƭҰɡ֮ʯЩš,
ǰôƭ㣿ǰҪ޻ˣʮ׵Ŷܴġ
֮ʯ˼ţһʱɿڡ
ˣֿռҶɣר־Ѱ壬ʱֿռǣָԭΡ
ǰʹӦ~
Ȼûнӡطһǧĵ˶֮ʯҲֵκ
˺ˣҴӦˡٻˣε˼ͷΡ֮ʯε˵
ߣӦ˾ͺáҾͽӴӡʩչһЦ
壿ϹŴҪ˱Ĺʣ֮ʯһСѾͷȻ壬ΪʲôСӣ㲻º
塣ǽߣǽ˵
£ˣС̫Ź֣ΪԪˡ壬Ҳ֮ʯСѾͷ˵ɣ˼Ұʲôæ
Щǰ֣ת˵
֮ʯһ£˵αô鷳ʲô֮Աò֣ҲԱģ
˵⻰ͳˡѸ˵Э˵䣬˵أҪǰæȻǰղѾӦˡǰĳͣʮ޻ꡣЩЩǵһǰæת
һӣһƿƿ޹ޣұһ㣬֮ʯһ
ûиôࣿ˼ûд﷨ͻȻôණôͰ
ҾͲˣ¶ҵĵסһЦ֮
֮ʯ˰ΣȻӦ
ѽղ˵ǵһ˼ϵˣ
һԣ׷Ƕ̸ˣǰɲԶŶЦţ֮ʯڵĿ111.Сӣ㷢
֮ʯޱƵĿű
ʵܲ뵱ӣҲ̫ԿˡһóԵʮ޻꣬ͻ֪ٴεİæᣬѵ˼ɵ
ǣֲҷڡ
尡ڴˣҲõο˼ֻǰ顣
ã˼Ҳƽϣˡ
Сӣ֮ʯֿܵռڣҶɺһ
֮ʯƣҶΪʲô£ϽԾֿռ䣬ʵǰʲô飿
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ƣ
оЩĪҶɣ֮ʯųǱ˼ʱ͵ɴ۾
ôණģ
װ鵤ƿа
һһģ֪жţ
ι״Ĺӣ˵ֵ͸ŹϢ̡
ҲŸճȥתСʱôһͶôණ
Щ֮ʯڿ˼˸ѻ˼˽صġ
ǰ˽صģҶЩƵĿ֮ʯô룬ôòԾ
ЩʿС֮໹ħ޴Щ
˵ЩϹ֮Ǿ͸ˡϹ֮Ϲ֮صϢôЩǽųֵġ
֮ʯҶЩɣɵÿ˿
СѾͷƬӣȻҳ˼ҵ۾
ðɣ̡
Сӣ˼ҵֶΣܿ͸ģ֮ʯһõ˵ʿط˼Ҳ֪ܶ࣡Щ˼еŪġСҪǲҪҶջȥ
֮ʯһǳ⣬ҶҲˡôöҪײҪ
˵֮ʯĪ⣬ſڱտھǻܵĳôЩҲϡ档
лǰ͡Ҷɹʩ˸񣬿ñֻЦ
ˣҲлˣЩúЩҵ֮Ŷˣ壬ҪǵöŪЩƷʯҳԡ
СѾͷңҾСһߺߣ˼˭˼ҿǰ飬ܳԿٺ٣ˬˡ
һɵð֮ʯһۣţǰأС
Ҷȴûкβףô౦ҪԼĻǵûʯ
ǰҼסˡֻҪмƷʯҾ͸ǰ
ҶӦһ󣬿ʼоЩ
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Ҷһ鵤ġĵƯĵƣĲ
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֪СѾͷҵģ
֮ʯᣬǣԱĻȴֻڿ˼Բѡ,
ͲҪˡԼоȥҲǶĥ
һ̲סҪĴָúóһˡ⻰ǿµҶɶûˡʲôʶĶԭհᣬͳͳ㶨

Ҷ֪滹ôơ˼Σ֮ʯȫش֮Ҳʶʲôʲˡ
ðɣȨĥ
ҶҲٶʣϥʼоһѶ
ڶԪԷɳֿռ䣬Ѱ塣
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һ߿һЩžɽȻһͺȡ
֪ˡһӦ߾ţһƬطʦѰˡߵٿ죬ҵϸҲһײ塣
߾ߵʦѰΣ޼Ѱģ
У̰ͼڵ˵ûʡһƲƲ죬м˵
㲻Ϊ˽ҲӦŬѰң߾źɵĽѵһ飭޴սȻӮˣʧأ貹ŻĽѵͲΪ¹ͣ
һûĹҪͣǾҰɡˣҪϢһ¡
˵ţһ˿ʯһƨȥ
Ŵļһ߾üͷ
ʵҲЩˡΪʿ;ԶʦǿѾ˺ü·ϢһҲ޷ǣһ˷
ÿ¶һƷʯЩʯ꣬ҾܽʦҲȥڿˣ
߾Ŵ񣬲ܼһɽа棬ȴ֪Զ͵Լ112.ˣ
һм߾ţһмһⶼʲôְѲɣ嶼֣
ҶЩƵţһ룬͵õѶϢǰҵˣô죿
ģȥ֮ʯܳȥƣ⡣
Уˡ֮ʯ˵Ҫװɵ㣬³ġ˵СôôأɵĻת
Ҷ֮ʯָ£ڶԪ۾ҲҶҲᣬֱҪɸˡ̲סЦֱƫƫҷþǸ߾š
𣬲ЦҪ࣡
֮ʯһĽѵȻ󣬼ָҶɰposeʵ̲סˣһ̵ֿռС
ԿǧҪסǽȥˣ¡
˺һʱ֮֮ʯˣҲһͷֿռУֻҶɵĵڶԪɵվһô£ӭӼ߾ŵĵ
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壡壡
һҶɵĵڶԪ񣬼߾ž˷ܵ㵸¶ɿܡ
ѽ
߾û·ϵӣͨһ£͵ص˸ࡣ
߾˷ܳҶ̲סЦ֮ʯĶֻǿЦ⣬׳յ۹߾ſ˹
۰߾Ŵӵüһû򣬻ñЦ
ˤ۵ϥǣ߾ָҶԷֵ壬ȫˡߣüһĽ
߾ŵҶֺ뷢Цʵе̲סˣɴתӣ͵͵Цһ
ҶһתѼ߾һ
ιιߣ
ֵĽҪǷˣԼÿ
߾ŸϽɱȥһĵҶɵĵڶԪϣҶɶʱյ˺ܶϢ
ӣ֪ʲô˰ɡ߾ż˳ĴϢڷǼ߾ţ߰ɡҴȥϣϻ
ǴƣֻǴҶɾú֡
ֱֲʡ֮ʯֻ֪οؾ֪Ҳʡ
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ڼ߾ŵĺһ·Ҷɷ֣һ׷
߾ʵ̫ֱһܵ˽ŷ֡ԼҶɣ߾¶˲õЦݣͦأеüӸµĸо
㻹ҵ˰һ˵
ֻҪ¹ʲô鲻ܰ쵽߾ŵ˵ţȴû֣ԼոҵǸһ˿⡭
Ǵ˵Ķԡһķеǰ棬СԶڴ档
ҾǰˡղŻҸԼɫļһڹԵĸʲôʲôһ߾ž;úճһ鼫Ʒʯ̹
߾ſЦţոʮͻȻһȦεض𣬽룡
һʲô߾־־壬ƴҪͻȻֹȦ,
ղŻװӵļһʱ¶˵Цݣٺ٣߾ţͱˡ͵͵˺ܾõʯŻȦһʿƷȦ
ƷȦ
߾Ŵһ֪Լû취ȦԲɣݺݵĶżһ˵ϿҷųǼƷȦҲʱơʱһҾ㣡
Һ°һϷʵĹЦ
ЦʲôЦ߾߾źţֻһţʵҲ̫Զˡ־ɰɵҪʶ࣬ϽҷųȻģ϶ˣ
ԭŴʵѲɣʵˣŻӦ䶯û뵽֣Ǳȥģ廹ǸЦ
ӸЦģ߾šѾˣȻ
ȻԼ߾ŵһЦøӿˣĺ°Ҹµǣ㲻úܿͻ޳ûҵøϽˣһʿɲҸ޴ܰټˣװĴ磬
߾ŵɫ৵ľͱˣ飭޴սѾʱɽҰг֡
ҴˣҴˣǴ磡Ǵ磡߾ſ޺ģ磬㲻ҪĽҲҪˡ磬ߣԺҵҲ磬Ұɡ
µʲôô㻹һҪμǣ֮ĲУ֮Ĳް
Ҷɰ̾һڼһĺ棬ԽԽԶ113.Ʒϣ
ȥ£趨ԶˡǳǸ
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㻹ߵԶˣһ˵ͷ˵κ춯̾ͻɱ㣡
Ҿ֪
ҶվԭأĬĬؿżһ
ʵ˵ɣʦɱʦĽһˡΪ˲¶ҵĽȫɱ㣡
ǣʦĽҪĽ
ҶţĬĬվ
ûɵģһ;ҶɺеΣաǣתһ룬¸򰡣һ³壬ȥ״ϣҲཫŽɣѵ֤ܲݵֱӳͷҲɣǻȥҲضˣ޶֤
ڼһŵʱҶһԶʮ߸ٷСһʵ̫Ҳ͸ʿ࣬ûз߷ɡĥһ᲻Ľǣ棬һִ֮Ҷ·ˡ
ȻһǰһʮͻȻڿг֡
ʮʦ
һл֣̿ӻңһʱ侹ʩ
ʱһʦƽʵмʿ𣿡
ͻȻֵʦѾüһӺЩңʿ⼫İʣͷԡ
ʿһʶķʵ
ʻʦһҪǳ⣬Աһʦ˵ΣҪ˷ʱˡһʿǸʿģǸϽ
˵Ҳǡε˵ͷʦһٳһ߷ȥ
ʿ죿ѽѵʲô³ֵޣ
һ䣬ȻûɵģͿʼ
ҶɾеСΣôһתۣҾͳ̳ˣǶȣɺܴɣû׼ܳԡֻǣҲ࣬ܳԣԼҲûθڡ
Ҷһߺ˼ţһ߸ھʧļһ棬Զȥһ·ϣһĵģ˺üΣҶҡͷ
ʣܳʲô

Ϊֲޡ壬ȻһѾܵǣǿǰܡڣϣ
վ~վ~ȥһڴָŵϵԲȦͰ͵˵
ͷ
ⶫҶѾһΣ֪еͷΣûǣ˵ͷվ˽ȥ
ǰһģضڻҵߵݵͷĿѣ֮Ҷɷ֣ԼһƬƽ̹ĻҰ֮С
Լڵĵطд͹ȦвĹȦдЩȦд壬һƬ˹ȥ
̧һƬÿһ涼һ֡
סҡ졢ɡԭֳʮ֧ӦǼ塣
Щ֧ƵĴԱߣһȽСԲȦŲͬĵ֣֪ʲô˼
ٿ֮䣬кö߶еŶӣ߽˲ͬеոմ߳һȥ,
ϸһ߽壬Ϊߵͣһɫȫ㽡߳壬е㵸˸߲ңеɫ֣۱黹Ƕ߽ʱḻ̫ࡣ
ҶĴʱ򣬼һҲ˹
ڰȫˡ
һһƨڵϣ˼ڴϢˣתһҶɣŷ֣ҶɾȻûϢ
㲻ۣһȵʵ
ۣҵȻۡţƳٶȣҾȴҲܲԶ
ҶɵȻһЦҡҡͷ
һʱ˷ҷˣ
㷢ˣҶЩɻĿżһ
ٺ٣֪ܿˣһһ֣ĳһ˹ȥҶܣòƽ壬ҲͼһС
ﲻԶǸġס⣬ԱߵԲȦﻹһ֡ſڣʮȴȥ壬Ҳͬ㽵ı顣۾Զǵ
һŶӣֺĽеÿ
ڶβһʱһۣȵһòͷˣȻ˵
ٺ٣ģҵ壬ƷʰҪó֪㾹ȻƷȥԣ˼һô㣿
Ʒ壿
һԱǰҲ¶ɫ׷׳߶㡣һѽɵߣܿ죬ÿһ·
̫ˬˣ
һĵЦţԴһ̤߽114.Ʒ£
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żһֺӣҶɲҡҡͷ
ԽţԽһôǿʿˣ
ҶɵȻûȤѼһĬĬĸں棬߽
󣬵沼õúǻȴĻƣ֮лʯ׺ģǺÿ
һŸһɶߵĹӣɢŨ֪еװ;
ʱպи촰ĹҲ㡣ǣȴݳ޵ĵһյơһƷʯﰲȼţüһĽ
һë׵ĵ̺һݿݣ۵壬ϯضֻһɫľƱϸϸƷż
һϡһʩ񵽡
ԭԲȦе֣ⳤϵ֡
ʱҶǰǸʦΣеˡ
ˮƽģֻбšˮƽǿģͳͳףžˡ
Ҷţվڼһ
Ҷɣƽ˵Ϊռף߰˾ţԺͽм߰˾ˡ
߰˾ţŵǺüǡ
ҶţͿһ֣һûԼڡ
һ£һоҶɾ֪ΪʲôЩ廥֪֮ˡ
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ʱһϽ˵ϣǼƷ壬ӦÿֱӴף
Ʒ壿ɫ䣬һվ걭еļüΣû⡣
Ǳü׷ʵȷǼƷ壿
ǵġһ˷ܵ˵СӵС±׷ϣһҵͣظϡһ·ϣǵɸСӣûеġСӸҿ϶ǼƷ壡
壬ɸϱǧڵʿɱ⵱ȻǼƷ壡
СðСðͷЦһ´˴󹦣棬ƸƣסȻѡһʦѧϰ
ԭˡ
ҶɰԵ˵ͷѹЩ˾ԭֻҪҵƷ壬ȿԻƣѡʦǡסոݵѾһڼˣЩѻȻ쳣
һҲĵЦţڳϵ϶Ҫ㵸ˡ
һתҲӦöҪһ¡
СסһЦǺǵӦţ߹ѡ
һתͷҶ˵ǱߵĹûУȥһ¡
ԭǹӲװõġ
Ҷɵ˵ͷҪ߹ȥԣֿˡ
ȻǼƷ壬ͲҪˡ˵ţһָֻһӴ׳ҲŨĳȻߡ,
Ҷɲ۽硣
ûд֮ĶⳤǴȡģ
ϸһоߵѹ΢Ĳһ£ƺղʩչʲô
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Ҷɵ˵ͷǰȥݺݻһȭ
˿
һʱԲ۾һͳôģҶɶɣǲ°Ѿˡ
һһﻹɵӣûκηӦҶɲɵʵʣʲôΣ
һΣһҪȵ
Ѿˣô
ҶеֻһγȻ˿
ðһڲƭϣס
βԣһģһȷɣҶɸͲǼƷ塣ǼƷ壬ôһ͸ϱǧڵʿǼһ˵˵
֪Ҷ֮ܵÿ죬Ϊ͵͵ʿΪʩչ˵ǼһˣһʦҲܵù
һ֪Щʱɵˡ
ܰ¾ƷʣҲӦܹⳤ΢һ䰡Ȼ˿ʲô˼
Ա׵ϣһ˵ϣٸһλɡ϶÷ԡ
򣡡ƿڴûȫѵһǷϲģϲ㶮һǴһǴҹȥԨڿһ꣡
ţһžͰѼһ˳ȥ
㣬߰˾ţҲȥԨԶҪˣ
編ƣһҶ߹ȥǣŻû̧ţͿҶѾﵽȥˡ
ߣߣϲСӵǻ顣
һƨתһ걭ļһβʣʹʧŭʤڿл˸ȦһעȥѶϢ˲򼸸ʦ˹ȥ115.(һ£
ϵзػ淢Ķһ֪һȥʱ䲻̣СţȻͷವһӣɳһһȻǼһ
ʲôˣ
תͷȥֻղűһȥ壬˳򵥵һ
߰˾ţ
һСȻ󶼹Ц
ҵļƷ壿߰˾ţ̫Цˣ
ЦһƬ
ĸǴвƼյĸо̤߹ȥһһžžžžžһ˼ơȻ˼һһĭߵСùԶ㣬ҪҿˣһΣһΣ
һǸңһлῴԨһ갡¶òһǧ꣬ҾҪˣء
һҲҵ˼ƣһʿǵĳЦ۾⣬ƳҶɡ
㣡һǴ˼Ѫһ͵㣬ҾͲȥԨ쵰Сӣ
Χ۵ǾøˣҲͶûв֡ǿżһ˷Ŀ׷߰˾ţۣһҪȭܰѼ߰˾Ŵ
߲Լ˵һˣ߶šҶһΧʿţҲһ߰ԿաһȥյѶϢ
˵ǰôҲң廹ģҵĵڶԪȻǷϲģֿռҶɺʵ
ڶԪǰˣ
֮ʯӦϲľͷϲģʲô˵ģСӱ̫ˣкһҲ
Ҳɣ
ҶһߵҲˣ
ЦԨʲôڣЩʿjjyyУҶףԨֲ֮ĵط֮һȥڿ壬ʮа˾ŶҪ
ѵһҪȥŰҲŲȥ
֮ʯһҲˣСӣ̫صˣôˣôܲɣ
㲻صǰҶµ̫ȥԨڿˡҪңڶԪ񣬲ûˣȥԨô֮
֮ʯеСӣ㶺˰ΪʲôҪȥԨ԰·͵͵
Ӳ㶺ˡҶɺķҿ̫ʱûӶתˡҲһ룬Ҷˣô壬ѵͨң
СӲų˼ëҽѵ˼ң֮ʯм˵ʮ֧ÿһ֧滹ֳС֧ҲС䡣ǵǣܼ֮ҡ͵͵ȥ䣬ʲôͨ㣿
ôǣһǸоˬ
ԻٵڶԪҶҲڼƽϡǣܻٵڶԪ񣬳תͶ̥
룬Ҷʵûа취ߵڶԪʣ
ȻС
Ҷɫһϲʱ򣬾֮ʯٺЦһǧƷʯ,
ûһǧƷʯҶ̲ס
ҲҶ˼ȻǱҲƤֱ
ǧƷʯѵ
֮ʯٺЦСӣΪҪ̫ߡҪ֪ͻֵ̫ˣ
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ʱˣҶüͷԽԽ
Ȼ֮ʯԼǩԼʱԽԼȥԼ˵ģҲȫû취ʹ˵Ȩ
⡰ˡҲ̫ˣ
ǾһɢɣҶû˵ԼƫԶС䣬ôʴ壬²ҵ֮ҿûʱϹģ
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֮ʯҲеˣҪʱ䲻ˣҲἱҴҵĸǩԼȻһطͰ
ĥһ£֮ʯ˵ðɣ˵ҲҳԵҾǰ̸ˡҪǵãǷ˼һǧƷʯ㡭
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Ҷɶʱɴ۾
Уǲʶ˶ãҶһַ㣬ʲô
ǣô룬֮ʯҲƭԼ
ʶģҶɾȥǱ裬ôӦûԼʾ
ȻӭԼѯʵĿ⣬ԥĵ˵ͷ116.֮
ڷ֣ÿ4ϧ㱼֧
============================================
һʶҶɶʱɴ۾
׶죿
û֮ʯ֪ҶΪʲôȣԹԵ˵Ժθ˾ͻ֪һǧƷʯ󣡡
֮ʯһͨҶȫûȥʵ&lt;׶&gt;
Ҷɵ⣬֮ʯĪǽ&lt;׶&gt;ʲô⣿
ȥˣľǡ׶졷
ɺϣ
һУ
Ҷɵ⣬Ҳ֮ʯ㶡
˼֮ʯ˵
ƪ֮ʯȫɵˡ
˵ԴǴõģ֮ʯʵ
ɽɡ
ɽɣ
֣֮ʯ̫İߣǺңԶңԶˡ
һ£֮ʯʵһǿ𣿾ȻŪ˵Ĺ
~ҶеΣϻȷʵһĴɡ
֮ʯ˵ȻˡȴҶɻһתµģֹе֡
ʲôлϽ˵֮ʯߴٵ
ǰɽɿֻɡǿʿҲֻǽн׶ѡ
ʲôŽнף֮ʯʱͱôɣô˵ԴҲţ
ŲˣȷʵƾһɽִɽɲؾõҶ˵ţҲ¶̫ס
ȻɽʱܳҲϲռ廨ŵĹšǣռԴĹҲ̫˼
֮ʯķ˼ԽԽãֻһֿԡ
ҪץѰ֮£ʲô⣡
ǰ˼ǡ
ҶɵĻû˵֮꣬ʯʹֱĽϣҪˣҵ˵
ðɡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ忪ʼͷоĶڶԪʼ͵͵ʹˡ

ž
һ׷ͻȻһʯͷ͵ԵڵϣԴء
ۣۣۣһʹĲԴ
һӵ̫˵㣬壬ûѪҺ򣬿϶øѪ
ײĴ𵴣ȴû취⡣ͷĿѣ˺һӣŻ

Χ۵ǶЦһ׷ϱ߰˾ž͹Цˣڸǵ˸࣬ԽĸЦӽ󣬿ɰļһͬ־ֻҪⷬҪԶȥˡ
һȺʿЦһûðɡ
쵰վסҪ㣡

ܻļһʿһЦ
ִӹֹˡ岻ͬǺ䣬ǵֹܵΧ۵ʿһ߳Цһһߺܺż߰˾š
СӲٶȺܿ졣
ǸϽǲȥԺܳΪǿ,

ʿԽԽԾѾʿʱʦ˹
һ߰˾ţҵȷ֮ѺȥԨ
ΪʦһȣΧ۵ʿһȫסˡ
Ԩһ֮ذϾȻһȥ
ոջڿǣǲְҶԼʿǣֻͬĿҶɣʲôҶ˵ˡǣҲмʿĿ˸֪Щʲô
ʦȣһһ£һƨɵ˵ϡ
ҲȥҲȥſǻϵİ
ȥҲȥΪ׵ʦӵĿ˿һһֱ֣ߵʦ̷ǰһѾͽһ
ٿ߰˾ţɫƽѾҪ˹
ߣ϶֪ԨСӲϲģ޴Ϊ׵ʦţѺһ·ˡ
ʦţٶȺܿ졣Ϣ֮ҶɾͿһĹȦһһŶߣÿһζʮ屻뿪
ܿ죬ֵԼҶɸΪ׵ʦ棬߽˹ȦһͷĿѣ֣Լһȫµ硣
һ磡
ǰһƬޱߵĲԭҶϵ¶飬ͺǶϵıʯ⣬ɫĹ⻪
ģ׵ģģϵġɫҰȻŭš紵ӭƮһһķ㡣
ԶǧɽڲԭľͷԼ֡Ҷɺ׾͹ƳЩɽһΰٶǧ֮ߣ
̧ͷϿȥεɫϣѩ׵Ŵӵһе粨һ࣬еһ׷̬ǧ治С
գʱƶʱĻŹȣյ۾ֱΡ
ռʽݺᣬֻ¡Ҳƽ⣬һȻһȫµĴ硣
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֮Ȼ㣬㶼ԼȥĴ࣡
̾һ֮ĺΰ֮תһ룬ҶֶЩʡ
ǰȻǰһǿƲ㣬Ϊʲôһֱӽ
ȫû©̫󣬻лɳˡ
֮ʯ̾˿˵⻰˵ɾͳˣ򵥵Ľ屻ħƭˡһ񶷺֮췭ظԭӦһĿƲ㣬˵һ㡣ԭǵһ㣬ΪԳ޲㣬ȴһ㣬һħԪռݡҪ˼֪϶ᱩף󱲰׳ˡ
Ȼһۣ
Ҷ룬ʵǰʱԶ֮ܿǲҲйأ
˼ûȥ棬֪һԼؾn֮꣬ʯͺЩơ
֮ӦεģֻϤϵ䷨ʿпҵȻԶܿҲ£Ӧþǵǳսĺˡ
֮ʯĽͣҶ꣬ҡ
ǣұ䣬϶˲õĴ顣
ҵǣʣԼܵõ˻Ե

֮ʯô򣬵ڶԪͼһʦѺţµزС
һأһͽһ̱ڵϣһ·߲
Ϊ׵ʦüͷ壬ȵߣҪװ
һȴţҪڵˡ
Ҷһһı֣ƺе֡
ûһʵܲԨĺֲܿһһ
ǣһȴ㵨С
Խǧıţ͵Ϯİڵʿ㵨С
ѡʿΪʲô޺ȷӵúǱǣôǱϾûз˼
ͻȻ䵽ֲ֮أĻһʱ䡣ɵڣӦûˣﻹ˽
뵽һƺ߾ţĳʦίСѲɣίвô򵥣
ҶɲûʶʶȻһʣϵĳ졣
뵱ܶʱû̫룬ֻ֪㾡ȫɱ
뵱żһƯŮޱ׷ɱʱ˺ĳȣȴûԵɡ
뵱֮ʱһ֮ǷʲôڵͷûС
ǵҶɣһƺµı֣¾ͱŹˡͻͷʦһԼ䣬޾
ʦѺţû߶Զ͵һ͹Ȧ⴫͹ȦǰһͷֻܶȼʦҴ߽ȥƺʲôҪ졣ԣûκεȺҶɾ߽⴫͹Ȧ,
ǰĳٴαȶҶɺȻ֣ԼѾһϿȵڴֻϿԷͶмͨϹʯվһЩǿĴپ̾һʯˣվϿȴһĨɫ
ĵȻӣʦȴ͹ȦǱ߶öࡣеʦҶ߹ʦȴŲͬطȥأЩʦķ֧
ʦ̫࣬Ҳ֣ʦҲ֡
ҶĬĬĹ۲ʯенŵңûзɡ
һЩ·ԽԽͣվƮ˷ѩ
սϿȣǴⰻȻôѩ
ֹŹֵ仯ԨĴϿȣһɫʡ
·ϿȺȻ౶ëѩ׷ĴһƬϿȫǳһƬѩס濴ȥǺĻѩһɶ
ּȶӵĻȻŲٸߴľ֦ϵžڵļ⣬͸ɭɭĺһʦҲֵܽ⺮
ߵʦҲЩıˡǰѷٶȽϸѰҰȫ·ߣܵĲڵı⡣
ʦǼٳ֣أֻҪҾͶüСġѡе·ߣò棬ǳҪ鷳
Խ壬ԽΣգ
ҶɸӵľֱΣǱļ֮118.⣡
Сӣõ֮ءҸʦˣ&lt;׶&gt;
֮ʯ˵ġ׶졷ȻָոմڲõͨʵԪʣǰ൱ͽ׵ʦǺܺʵĶ
ֿռҶɵıȴ΢΢ҡҡͷ벶ȸں󡣿£һ˶ʦ
룿ȸ
֮ʯ㶣ȴеС˷ܡ۾צҶɣȻָָ档
ȥæҲãѩصģʺ㷢ӡ
ҶɸһͷͿԼеĺһ£Ȼ󣬾ֿռһ˸ӣһ̵˳ȥ

ʦãȻ֪ԼѾӡСĽصдһʱЩˣ˸԰ȫĵط
Ϣһٸ·ԭشţҶΪ׵ʦ͵ͺȵ
Ϊ׵ʦոѵ껰Ϳ֦һҶһ䣡
ʱʦŵðǸϽţķĹһֵͻ䡣ȻѾʶǱʦ͵Ϯˡǣһ⾪˵ı͹ͷ۵ˣﻹ۲Χ
˵۲ǸղŻзļһ
Թ۵ҶɣһĹȦĽһƬ䵽ȦΧʱѸڻȫ˲һ֣
ҶɻֱƹȦ뵵ΣǣֻҪԱһıʦ֪һŪȦǼƷ
͵Ϯ߾ţõǼƷȦڱԼõҲǼƷȦ⼫ƷȦȻôֵĻɫʦûСһŽӽǧʿôӵô༫ƷȦ
ΨһĽͣɱ߾ţмԭ򡣶һҲм
Ҷ΢۾оҪˡһѸٴȥͣ
ûãĵӰĸವһӷ˹
ҶɿУĵӰʵĸ۵ʦƬѩ׵Ҳ֪ղôġ
ʦӦĵӰĸƹȦĸƹȦͺĵһӾͻʦķЩæҵǣӵľʧˡûκνͬһʱ̣Ǿͷֲͬߡ
ôһΧıҲ඼ûвǵȻϰǺܿͽٶᵽߡ
ٺ٣ӵõ𣿡
ĸʦҲ׷ֻվԭأٺЦֻʦӳȥʮԶĻѩкȻڹ⣬һӾͽʦ
⣡֮ʯһ
߷һУҶɵı嶼һһ֮ʯϾ֮ʯϤ壬ôҪȡ
һ֮ûҶѯʣ֮ʯͶȻ˵֮ţȲҪץס㣡
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ټһ壬㳨ԼңҲҸصġŸոս岻һʱ䣬ȻԼҵʵõ˼㡣,
Ҷɰϲʱ棬һˡ
λ磬һΪǲˣˣ
ǵСԨҲûʲô
ǣ˵ǰŵòˣ
ȻǵСĺ찡ʦЦ
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ҶЩԻ󣬲֪һΪʲô֡˵Ӧôס⡰ڡʲô˼
ҶԻ󲻽ʱʱһѾǰʦϣʼҶɺٺЦСӣܲˣôʰ㣡
һ˵ţһһҶߡʱҶɷ֣һʦ˶Ҫһţѹһ΢ǺʦͶԭأûг֡
ʲô
ҶɲɵĴǿʶڽĸԶʦɨһ£ģ߸ʦȻڹעԼ
ҲݲҶʱ俼ԭ򣬹ȥļһڵĺѾһЦ
Сӣҿ㣡
ڣ컹ΪΪΧ۵ʿ̫ˣкܶ͵͵ҶɣԼŻᱻúǱ£Χ֯ģ
̤ԲȭͷҶɵžһȭ
ȫ֣˵ˣټ߸ʦҲҶɺġǣΪ֮ϢҲҶȫ֡
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Ҫ¶ԼֲܱᣬһʱҶе׼硣Ժȭ´ɿĶ㵽һߡ
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죬ҪˣСӻô
ǵİɣֻǸϲģ쾪ȵ˵
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ʦ˵Ҳ޿κˡǺŵĳҶЦ˼£˼˵Ϊȥˣӻ119.ɳ
ղأ
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ҹճҹһƬľ󡣲жϵǽڣķݣɼ
ҶûϵʦϳȻֵطͺûϵֻʿļһȻܹЩʦƽȽЩλģ
ΧսľҶɵע⡣Щڵľƺһ󷨣һ󷨣

ǰѵ֮ǰʿֿ֮ռҶɵıʵ
ûСҶͶһÿýľ֮ʯ̾˿˵ûӦ֮֮սʱʥءľɵ󷨣ǵʱһϤ෨սѾưܳģ
սҶɺǲ죬˭˭򣿡
ʮ֧ҶȻ֧ҲȥġΪǶ̫ܷ׷䣬Ҳᱻħˡ
֮ʯֳ̾һƺԸ̸ҶҲûжʡ
֮ͱ֮ؼ⡣
ǵġ֮ʯ˵һԿҵ֮ǰӴѰ֮䡣ʱ֮
ڿ϶ˣ
ɽɵġ׶졷ʦʩչ⣬ԡڡΪʦʿڲ֮ص֯ЩԤʾţ֮ܿѾڣ
֮ʯҶɼͬʱ뵽ֿܣ֮ʯͣس̾ҶʵҪ֮Ѿˣǰô죿
û֮֮ʯ޷޷뿪֮
֮ʯЦֻ֮Ϲ£ô졣ǲȥˡ
Ҳֻˡ

Ҷɵı֮ʯ˵ʱ򣬵ڶԪѾȺʦ˵ص¡
һĵͨûκηֲ·һʼͨЩ͡˴·ͨƽȴԽԽȡ
ѵ⸽ҽ㣿
࡭࡭ƺڵˮԽԽ졣ص²зڵˮֻзڵҽ
һ߳˵صǰȻʣǰ治Զֳ顣һҽӿޱȡһɳ̣ڡ
ﾹһԾ״̬ĵص׻ɽ
ҶԽԽãԡڡΪ֯϶ڸʲô˵ĹˣȻֻǲ֪һΪ֯ṩʲôֿ֯Լʲô
ʦټˡΪ׵ʦڿлһȦһͽȥȦವһӣʧ
ûãһʦƮȻ
ֻʦ׶ޱȣªѿȫЩƮ֮һԸ壬ദ֮ͽ
ٿȫһϮۣһɫסϸһŹֵͨ죬죬ƺʱϥе̻ƣ͹ʦ׶
ҪϻҪǿᣬ൱߽ʿ,
ɳϣǼʦһϽʩ񣬲˿
СӣɵǾ겻ڵĺˡ
ʦ΢΢һ£Ȼ󣬲һӦһǵġ
ɻ˻֡
⼸ʦɴ⣬پһɿ·ߡ
ת죬õĺȵ͸ϽΪʲôҪܵȥ
ţսսĻشΪҵһ壬Ҫһݡ
ߣֻɫҪʲôݣֱŪūͺˣߵ죬֪֪Ϊȥֲ֪߳ܵĸһܣչʾ˲ٶȡԣʮ֧ü䶼֯ΪôһūҪ߸ʦ
ǣǣҴˡϽЦ˵СӲϣ̰ͼĽ´ξԲˡ
֪ͺã죬ҪסӺʹôҲһūߵСӴȥūӪһǵô
˻֣ɾʹת뿪ȴɥ˵ɳϣСٶе죬βס
Ǹû˵ţ־ͳҶӳһȦҶɾ;ãڶԪȻͱʲôסֽţʹˡ
ȥɡɻ˻֣˵ܲˣҲֶŵģô
ǡͷ
Զ˺һЦĿҶɡ
Сӣʱ䣬úܰɣ120.׳
㣬Ǳߣֱһָ
ұ߾Ҹ߿¶ȵһЩʶĴ˿ҲûʲôҶɸ㲻ˣΪλһЦʱ
л׳棬Ū㺮סĽš֮ʯ˵
٣ȻйŹ֡
Ƚһ㵭Ҷƶȥȣŵװ廹е㶫ġ˼·Ҳ֪ǻ׳Ҳ֪û˿ռˣڣѾ߳˻׳أȫͣ
ӣ쿴ˡ
ûѵ׳涼˯ˣ
찵Թţɳ졣
һҽУŽŵװ
û̫Զĺüͷ壬Ͻ۷
죬ָʲô
𣬻𣬻׳桭ָԼĽŵװ壬ʹࡣ
һɣȵСӵһ·ߣ
ңҡп˵
ɿ죬ٿ߰˾ţжʱȻ
Ȼ»׳棿´һҶɣͷ˵㲻ٶȲкԡǰ;
һΣɲúѺҶˡɺʹţѺҶɡ

ֻҪܺúɼұ֤Ҳܸһȥūݣ
ڰҶӽūӪʱһ仰ڸչˣǾûˡҶɻΧһȦ̾˿
ūӪҲ˵㡣
һСʲôĵҲˣǣһȺʿūĿ⡣
ٺ٣ˣ
ͦӵģȻǺɳ͹
ȻǾͺúõһСӵˮ׼

ԼܿѣͼʿຣĻᡣ
ɱ
ʿūŭţҲ֪һۿȥаʮʿūΧ
ǿһЩᱩ¶ʵǵ֯ĻɡȻʶûв鵽ɵڣǣҶɲŲţɻ뿪
װܣҪɱңôװܣ
֮£ҶֻһСȥ
ҶɲܣʿūѾˡһܣʿūſС
Сܵúܿ찡
ԭǿٶȣ
ɱ

Ҷɺܲףٶȿ˵ôǵʿūۺģͺԼв֮𡣲ҲѰ𰸵ʱ򡣵֮㵽СȥСݵʯģӦֵܹȺʿūΧ
һ䣬Ʋ
ڶ䣬Ʋ
Ҷɶʱðһܲ뷨ܲᣬЩСȫǷӡ˵İɣ
ȥƵСʱҶɶ໨˵ʱ˳򡣹Ȼŵ½ǣһǳǳССģ۵ԲȦ
ǽȦ֮ʯƶ˵Ӧùʲôʿ
ԭѺѱʿūġ
ҶɰеùĴҿһСݣֻǱʯĵطնһЩпܻһ۵ʿū,
ҶҲû룬ͷǱܡ
СӾȻǱܣ
ںһ·׷ʿūȻȫͣҶɰвʯĵط϶ʲô˵Σա

ٱܳҶɣ˫žͺȻ˵ϣӲֻͣ룬Ҫʯȥˡ
伫ȼȷȺʿū㶡
Ų߰˾ţȻƿٶȣ
츳ܣ϶츳ܣˣ
ʿūøǣȴûһʿūҳ
ʯﵽʲô
ղܵʱҶʶƣȴûƳʲôرڿʿūģһϸһ顭
Ȼ̽ͷ
۾һɨƬʯĵطֻзԲʮɵģԼʶͿԸʮأȻͷ
ŬңʶȻѳƬҶػɫʱʮֲ԰ס죬Ҫ˵Щʲôǣȴһ仰˵
һӾͼˣҪȥæȴ֮ʯ
𼱣ûˡ֮ʯ˵
ôûˣɫˣ
űɫ԰׵Ҷɣš
֮ʯЦʶȻˣɫȻѿ㡣Ҫżܿͻˡ
˵֮䣬ɫָŰ
ǰʲôȻʶ
ǻĸ棡֮ʯʮֿ϶˵׳Աܿʶ׷٣ĸǿʶ
Ҷɲ˵˵ĸ޵ˣ
۾ʶҲֱʶˡصĴڣ˭ܹԸ
ôʮ棬Ҳ޵а֮ʯЦĸķܲٶȸһϵȥܶܲҲŻһˮƽʿ㵹ǿץסһؼʱ
ܹɵʶķ
Ҷɶʱ˵ͷʯǱ߿˸ӣһ˽ȥ121.Ϣ
ץĸܼ򵥣֮ʯָ£ܿͰѻĸץֿռ䡣ǣ֮ʯ˵ƷĲʱ
ʲô𻨣
޻ʱëëǧͻ᳤𻨣ϲⶫƷߡ

ʲôѩ
ѩɽϴѩߣѩƤΪѩķϡѩҲӵӴ㲻ûܻΡΪѩ

ԽԽľ֮ʯ˵Ĳϣһ˵Ĵڣмֲ漰˻񾳽磡
˵ǰЩҪʿŪҪҶˣﻹҪַҶƵʵѵûб˵ķӣ
ɵСӣ˼˵ģʲôûУ
֮ʯҲ˵ƣֻǺٺЦȻУ˼ҲᡣΣ˼Ҳǰ飬ô֪Щûôţ
һ仰˵Ҷˡ
ԴӸ֮ʯǩԼðĶȫ֮೶ϹϵҲΪʲôȻԼǡ֮ʯǡӡԼȴ֮ʯǰҪԭ
ǾˣԺȥɳǡɶȥɡ
Ҷȴ֪վڼϵѾڴϰ֡ղصˡ

ǰʿū֪ʯѾû˻ĸ档ֻצţȴû˭еӳ
ҶվþˣģɴԭڶԪ
Ҷˡšǰʿūŭˡ
ʯͷң
ֻʯ裬ҶɲòҶ㡣֮;ãԼػСʱڸһСʯͷ档
һΣŨŨ˼ӿͷ
ôȥˣְ֪úòã
ģ
һɵʱԼ縡ơٿ֮䣬ʱѹȥʮꡣ
飬ġ
ܶ湦϶дҪϾκϵǣôİѹȥһУ֮Ǹõ鵤ҩʿΪʲôҪЩ鵤ҩԶ
Ƚ飬һҪؼȥ
Ҷ¶ģҲܱסֽšԼϾĸ¶ٺľһˡ
겻֮£ҶɾͱʯͷСϾڶԪ񻹺һӾͱײú˼һҪʯȥˡ
Сҽȥ
ʿūǶЦǴӵϼ˸ʯͷƴҡ
һ̴СʯͷХҶˡԴԼûô
𣬰ѻĸųȥ
Լ֣ܶĸȴԡһһɫǻ֪Ҫʲô̶ȣ
ҲúˣһҶ˵̾ͽ˱ϵѻĸ˳ȥ
ʯѵصµĻĸ棬ûһʿūԿһϵ棬ʯӴһɶɶ೤ٲõģҲܿ,
ѽĸôˣ
Ǵص𣿡
ٶôԭˣ
׳棬ö׳氡
˵ˣҿܰ

һҺţղŻڵʿūǣʱɢĴܡᣬҶҲﵽһߡĸƵūӪҹ䣬ʿūɫףܡ
˺һӣɲ̵ĳūӪ߹ֻһ֣һȦ˹ȥĸͻ׳ȫȦ޷
Ҷɲһ䡣
ղűһȥץĸ棬ȴûΪԼı嶼磬˵ѾᵤˣȴץסĸĻ׳棬ԣɵƹȦǳ
ƣƣлѪƣƷƣˣԲ֮ʯһ䡣
Ҷɻû֮ʯ˵Ƶ飬Ƶķࡢȫһ֪ᣬҶ
ƣʿĹһҲֳƷƷƷƷļΨһǣʿĹһֻģ󣬾͵ÿԼԣԴŹƣȴһֱ񣡡֮ʯ򵥽ܵ
Ȼô
Ҷɸ㽵ڶԪδ㲻ãԺڶԪ񻹻ᳬһԪ
ǰĲ֪λƣҶЩеʵ
֪֮ʯ˵һ㹻֮ʱǿģͺʿͽʿܶǰܾͶˣҲû취֮ôŪƵġ
֮ʯ˵ҶҲ޿κˡźһƷƹȦѻĸ׳ȫӻؽʯֻĽðԸ̾
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صĽŲСﴫõҶͺھһС͵
ȺʿūӾ֣һܵԶСݵĵط߶µģͺʲô޻
ҶҲ΢۾
ʿ֮ܣȻ𶯣
ôʿҲ˺üʦҶѾףΪ൱ͽסн׵壬ʿΪߵģΪʦ𶯣˵ʿˣͨʦҲŪó
ѵʦҲ֯ץū
ҶĿ˸ҪúÿС߳ʱ֮ʯһ֮Ϣ
֮Ϣôܣ
Ҷ͵۾ȫ߼
һ·ϣ֮ʯ򵥽ܹ֮
ֺ֮ͣʵֻƽ鱦еһϹʱڣսΪ˱һ֧˵ƽͰ֮õ鱦͸ǡǽ˸ؾŽһΪؾı
鱦ûģôܱū
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ǰǿ԰ƬŪȻ°֮Ҷɰο
ǿ鱦ڤ֮̾ϢΪ̫ˣڤڣ֪Ҫʲôʱ򡣡
ܻлġ
᣿֮ʯЦʵ˵˰ɡ飭޴սܷ׷䣬Ҳͬܵ˲Сˡٹʮ꣬˼ҾҪһغˣﻹȵü
֮ʯҲҴҸҶǩԼǰöֻ͡ûϵ֮͵鱦ȻƬ
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ĬĬҶɸ֮ʯԻЩĲ̡
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֮ʯԽ˵ҶɾԽǾﲻһˣ˶ԼãԼҪٱĻرʶ¡ºҲ
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СӣǺοأ
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Ҷɼᶨģ֮ʯɵð̾һֻҶȥˡ

Ǹ֮Ƭʿ·ٶȷǳС߳һյʱ䡣ٴСߵūӪſڣ˲СʱͺÿһҪķѺܴƵáҶףΪ֮Ƭ֡
Ҷ֪𰸣ȴ֪ڣǶΪʿ츳ܾǳضֹŹֵŶʮ˵ʿ̫ǿҲ϶Ǽһһաڡһ̶Ͽɻˡ
ûκηϻɾһѶʮ˸ȻƮȻ뿪ūӪ
֮ǰƳһҶɣǴСݡҶɶʱ⣬ԶԾ˽ȥСݵ˲ϣǰʿôңҲܴÿȺš
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ô죡ϣСҲϽҪǹ汻˳ȫ군

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ʲôӵĹǵʿūԼأ
⣬Ҷɸںɵڵص˺ܳһ·һο졣
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츳ɵ˵ֻҪ츳ܵģģ֯Ͼû츳ܵģֻܵͨū츳ܵģϹԹģ񶡶ʮСݡһףһ׵ģֻø߾ŵ³
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ʯȫǺɫʯͷЩɫʯͷɢŨĻԭܿҲһŰĵط,
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ĥһҶɲ룬ʲôСΪһξͳɹɴñ𶼳æ
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ղŲǲôںȻͱǿˣ
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ȻǺԣǣԱĽΪԼҶɵǿʶܹѹȸղһ㡣
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ΪʲôһȥӦȥұࡣ
ƴҡͷʾҶɻֿռ䡣
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ΣЩҵġõıǱϵʿרãҵĴռء
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Ҷȴûϸĥˣ߶˴˭֪֯᲻ɱֿռ䣬һ𣬺ľ˽ȥ
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Ҷ֪ԼһӣȻӳôڵȫעĶǹ￴
뿪Ǳߵѹ쳣һԼжϴǿɾǶ߽ˣ
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ŵĵȴһѹһƽҶɽŵӣҲ滺
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ڣҶףΪʲô֯ԼĵڶԪˡ
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ֱˣĹѹٴβһָֻǰֺģ
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Ҷɸ̾ѵʱԶȺʦ
ѹͻȻǿһ㣬αһб仯̫죬Щ֪롣
ܲôʹ˰ɣôûо̫ѹģ
ǰòǱû˭ƹɣҶû֮֡
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һصͺ鷳ˣ֯ϴΪ֪ص㣬һҧˡԼȻ˼ԣɺ漸ΧҲ˲ʹۣһβҵ
սľλϴףֻд־սпܴӮ΢ЩĶС
ӳǿѹ֮ЩǱʦӮˣ
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Ҷȫɵ飬ԼŶ֮Ƭʱ䣬е޷ܡ˵Ѿ֪ΪĿ꣬Ŭ˶೤ʱ䡣
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ĳǶȽҶ֮֯һΡֱԼֽ͡

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ӿռ룬ֱӽȫֵ츳ܣ
ףԹ۵֮ʯЩȣǶħô
ħҶɸӳԾۿ飭޴սô꣬һֱħԪⲫҲûзֶħ
֮ʯ˵ǶħܣĶԪ񣬵Ȼû
ƽİ취𣿡
ۼţһֻӹˡûƽ취ĹūȥҲϣԼƺҲΣյúܣҶɲðνķա
ȻС֮ʯЦ㲻Ϊôǿﻹ츳ܡ
ҶɻȻ
νһưˣӿռ츳ܹȻ˵ãֻҪ㹻ҲκβԼ֮ʯⷬҶɶΪø,
ȲǹǹҲӦѹһ󲨶ʵܿѹҶһߵĸ߶ȡ
ٺ٣Сһ档Ҷɹ˹ָͷ˸Ƶơ
ȹȻûлΣɶǲαȥʼѹƶһߣ
ȻҶɵƼǹķŭһ
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ȷʵûС֮ʯҲֻҵ֮ƬһԿס
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СӣҴ⣿ʱڶԪҲѾ֯ϴϢ˹֮ʯƵ˵ǱҪǿһأ߻кöǿٵʦôץ
ٺ٣ɽơ
еڶԪǱԵףҶѾ֪Ϊʲô֯ͻȻˡ
ץūץ鷳ˣţܺúܺáҶɺٺһЦҲȥڶԪϡֿռ䣬ͳķȥ

Ϲʥǣ֮Ѿưܳⷬģ
һһϮɫףΪ൱𵤸߽ʿʦһƬԫϱڣȻ̾
ëһгڲԫϱͻأ
һݻƵҲñһʯ˶ҲñʦԴסˣȫĿվͺЩǳɫֹۣһЩʯӺӲݣֱؤеһˡ
ɫ׵ʦüߵգѵͲܴ𣿺ôҲһ֣ĸЦ
ٺ٣˭ЦңСһպٺЦģģ췺ᡣС챻ʦ󿴳ʿץȥǾеĿͷԿ
ƲƲ죬һø˵ģ̧ž׼֮ͨص׵ͨߡŲŸ̧վЦû뵽Сӵӱ˰ȻԸȥѵƵ˺ʯʮˣ
Ҳش𣬻ԹԵǱߡÿһ󣬵Ϳ絽ǵͨڱߡ
֪Сӿ϶ʲôñˡÿ飭޴ս֧úܶ༫Ʒ޲ϣѼƷпܡ
˼һͷεùÿ
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룬ǾȥҲԶ˶ʱ䡣
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պ˫˫ԶˣղųֹѹĵطռȻһ󲨶˸ӣҶɴֿռ˳
Ȼϣ˵ģΪǹ
Ҳһ˳첲ȣһʿ̵ᵽΪʲô֮ʯûֿռ䲻ˣĿȫû취
֮ʯҲ˳ЦҪɽۻСͲ󣬵ǸЩϽһթƻֻõˣȵǶܾˣͿ֮
ѵͲթƻˣҶЦʵ˵Ҳһ׿ԽóЩıƺɡ
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СĿ⣡֮ʯĽѵããһͲ֪жٷ硣һͲ֪жٸɶҪ۽խպɾҲ޵ĺܣ

ⶼˣԼʡҶɺʣ룬Լλ̫֪ͣΣѲھȥǱڤ˲ɣ
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ƣ֮ʯ̾պòҰҪܼоֻһƣξû񣿡
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ԼĪһʱˡǰʦû뵽ϴͻȻԼ֡һǱϴһԦʹᦵ￣ǺܿͱսУһûӵ
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ЩƬۼһҶɺǺЦǰû׼ܿռȫ
ϣ˰ɡ֮ʯҲٳءСӲҲȷõĲˡżʱ䣬ȻѾҵ˲һƬ
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ǺǣûϵҺ鸣죬ܸܿ㶨һСҶɺǺЦţʺ
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￺ͺҲĽȫյļⶼˣҲûгʥձƿǧ꣬ƿ֪
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ūţūţѦֻūţūšײײģѦ·ҳ˳ȥ

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ҪʩչʲôаĹ˰ɣһԾȻҪ߸ŮޣŮ޵¯аа
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Ҳ֪ʩ˸ʲôû˱ˮ̶漴߸װŮ޵͸ˮݣҲһĺ棬ûˮС
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һŮ޶ˣŮҲ׷ʩСȻѾûǣֿȭķҲ˿һʱ䣬ˮƺƵ˾139.ص
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˼ͷƤʱҶҲеͷƤ顣
ոսȥСʱ￾üͷ˳
ûҶ׷￾ʹһ¼ϢƹȦղһУȫװ׵طһ顭

ֻ￴СĶѨ˽ȥǰһֱµͨûзκΣգǣͱֱȥ
ԽֱͨԽǿľûжԶ￾ͿԻָԭ״ɷС
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ԺһҶɷԸ￣ʱֿռ䡣
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ˮҶü棿
Ǻǣǵġĵ˵ͷ׼һû취״˵ãֻɱˡ
ɱңҪû£
ǾԿһЦţȻʧˣ
պзһ޹ȦܣصעЩеı仯
ܿ죬￾ͷһе״ֻһ֣һ˽ȥ
ڣ
ոӽȥ￾ɫɷף˼
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ҶѾ˺ü󷨣һתûнȴ⻬ұ³һűѩ,
ոջһڳ־޹Ȧﳤ;أͻȻ;ΧһɹصûȥƽЩָо·⣡
ֹڰЦţһǰǰ塣
ͺսϲѪȡһֺֻʳyin֮壬ǽ죬ѾȺԵŮޣΪǣ쳣ܵʱ򡣼ǰ·⣬ʱӱ塣
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ա￶ʱ⣬һ޹ȦһŻסתһߡ
СЦţһͷһ޹Ȧ
һĲӰȴڹȦ֮⣬ҶɺȻ֣þûɢĲӰȻҲӵиһģһѹܣ
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кأû뵽طȻ˹
ֻĹȺ󴩹޹ȦҲȺӰ
ӰܿͻûշתŲأ
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ʮβӰ˲䱻ƣɵô˴
ҶһжǼɱһлɳˣһӾͷ˹ȥ
飡飡飡飡飡
졣
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һʱ䣬yinѪɫݣ
ҶɺҲɱˣûϵɱһֻȻ˲ɵɫ΢䣬Ͻסܱ߲һ󷨣ȫĵطȥ
ݵyin壬ܹʴǵyin֮ѪûԱֵ֮ǵǺ޸оǿлָԭƣǣĳÿһںϵѪⷢҹ
Ĺ£yinѪɫϢɢøӹ㷺ܿ죬Ҷɺͱ޿ɶ㣬ֻվԭصֵ
һѪyinô۵һƽĵyinҶһصĿ۵ȴûз֣Աߵ𣬿Լܲ
һͷԺ
˵
Ҫǵ
ģ˵
ߡ
Ҫԥ˵
yin֮ѪñͻȻڱҪ˳ΪԳεʱڵı̸Ӧ״ڳ˿˿ˮ鱱ȫ
ǡһ飬ķ֣ѹıǣȻȫڻˡԼղŵ룬Ҳͻĺһɶ
ԭڱֽš׹
ϰָԼϵһıˣԼָԭΣҲ޷Ρ
ƳһҶɣʱͨ졣
ղҶʲôô궼ˣô̲һʱǲҰɡ

֪ǣΪϰ軹ڹעԼϰ費Լʱڳ˯޸ϰ裬һˡ
ٲصÿãϷһҡֻһ°׳ߣƮȻڰС
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ǺǣҲʲôֻСֶŮ䡣
ʵ
ٺЦϵܣ㻹ǧ񱻻٣󴳱ڤ䡣Ϊ˻ǰʲôˡ
һɫȴ䣺ѵҲѧǧа
ЦʲôааģزʣΪۻΪ˴һжظƣϵѵ͸𣿡
ޣݺݵһڣôȥŮŮŮа
ʱɫ
ϵܣҪƲԳԷƣ
ٶ˵ֻǰԼ˳
ֻѹâȻĿ˸Ķűãڻ˵ͷ,
ݣϷ򲻸ƴҲټգ
˵գһӣһ⳯ȥ
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⣡
һȣһضʱͰһŵҲʱסֻΪܶˣпȡ
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Ҳɫ࣬΢΢šһ̣ԶһıŮ
ò׻ָ˵Ŭһʱ䣬ͿԿԽޱǰȥԮŮˡû뵽ȴһ֡
⣬ȫ޷
ƴȥɥʧƴĻᣬͷǵȲŮѷȥ
ݵʱ򡭡
Ķûİ취ˣ
еҵ͵ɷкոճǱŲһ½ŲͻȻ๫ʲô
ɴֱ˵ˣĶΪҸһЩҲҺһ㡣Ұ㣬ȥ
๫УȻ˵᳹׳˯Ҫȥô죿
Ҫ˵Щʲôֽ˵˵ˣһҲѳڤ˼ڱڤ˶֪ˣôܶùôˣ
˵һµıҲԲˡĬȻӣеĿɬ;޷145.ǧһ
ͬʱͬĿɬģ˼
һŮ޵ԽԽˣϵĶҲԽԽšǰŮ޶ǵʱyinﵽ.Ȼ󣬾ҿֲȥ
ܿҪֵˡ
ˮѾɣ˼Ѿɫմ˾ȴûз֣ղŻ򶨵ˮЩ겻ˡ

ܷŭ
ΪԼڳе˶ǿɱһֻǾ֮͡
ǣʮȻβӰʱԼ΢㶣ͱɶļһץסᣬԼ塣
ҲͰˣòһʱ⣬׾̡ܷ
ҿyin֮ʿ
û룬Լyin֮ռ󣬾ȻһˣҶɣһޣ˵һߣһȻȫԼyin֮
һ֮£޷ؾҪȳȥ˵Ͳµıϵ·ϣڵĲ״۲
ˮСӸϿæ֮£ֻﴫˮԮ
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ˮһܣ˼һ
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ûо۵ʿǰʱǸܼʱӦȥץסһǻعʱϣҲ
˼ˮĺ棬ͨʱ򣬱׵˴󲿷ֵıϵ󷨣ӻص˱׹֮С
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ʱһŮõ˸.ңϽɣָһȻһɾס˼ӵ˴ʯϣ
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˼ֻûһĪȣĽ˫֮ϣ֮䣬˸оһϮ̲ס͸ȥ
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Ҳ˼ƴҪе.ʯϴŹ࿹⡢
ǣʯʿֵܹ˼һǣܿ챻ӿ.ûϢ֮Ͷޱ޼ʵ.֮Сһ˲䣬ۿУпɬѪᡭ
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ǵⲫһ嵽ưܵұ֮ʱһҺɫǽӭ˹
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ҾͲˣиҳ壡ҶɳȵָӴһγ
Ҷɲ֪Լϵļ˼϶ˣԼȥһ̡
ʧȥ˴󲿷Ϊ˾ô֮ȥҪȵŮ.ﵽ.֣ǴҴææҪϽ˼
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һȴȫͬԼһиոպˣĹβң⹥úܣ
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ʦ㣿
Ҷɾʱ򣬺һƽı׹ǸɳȥķȻϡ
Ҳʱ򣬶һһ֪˼һ߿146.֮ŭ
˼ҶɺЩΡ
Լľˣ˼Ҳࡣ
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վߵ𣬺ܲ˵ĵͺһҶɳЦЦȻӴóһݸ˼
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ʱ˼ŻԼӸ.ѹʱҲӰǣԼ˫ۻָʱȴֻҶվڲԶ
ʱ˼ΪԼĻþ룬ģЩӰҲʧѨǰοֲ׹ǣ϶ҲǼӰؿռ䡣
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ʱҶѾת׼ߡ˼ѯʣҶҲͣ΢΢Цһֿռ䡣
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ʮǰɽլʱֻһҪķӡ
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Ѱʱ洫棬ҲŮǾ̾ҲкܶŮԸ˫ް¡οԼ
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컵ĻռʶһԾ˼÷̵̲סҪ
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ʱռΧǰΰ׹оأȻǱĿǺ档
ھͿ˸СЦôˣ

ӷŭˣৣצ»һɫġ
պҲȻӣǷצ֮䣬ֲѹʱʱ֡ǾıһԶԶԼĴڣ
ʱıҲʶԼ̫ˣȻԼڵһõһС֡ǿԼģô˷ںϡ
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ô˵ǲ߽
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ĴڣǶԶԶΪһΣռ֣ʵҶɲˣֻҪ쭣ҲֻͶūķݶ
ڱռʱ˼Ҳ˳,
һҶɱõʽۣ˼δ˲١ţŮȵȫԲǣ˼ұ߳ʱҶȴ֣֪ŪһϸĴӣϵ˳
ϸϸһҶɲŷ֣ԭ˼ѳ°ڽһٿ˼ѪۣҲѾøɸɾһŴŵεӣԵøӵ޶ˡ
ҶΪֻŮʹȻҲûô⡣ʵ˼ô
ҶûôעԼĴ磬˼ЩСɥܿͶ˶񣬰ѷԼϵ飬һ顣
ˮҶüû֡
ӣһҶ˼͵
ԭҶɵ˵ͷԺֳһ󣬡ʮǰڹϿҼǵõʱ˲㣬Ѿʿˣ
ǵġ˼ͷӦȻڴӪʱ̣ܶˮ飬Ѿֵ÷з˵ˮһǰŸոΪٶȲ졣ǣΪȴǵޱȣÿʮͻᱩһ㣬Ѿ߲ˣ
Ҷɵ˵ͷǰΰ׹ǸĺôˡΪǵ֮죬Ȼ⵽ɣҲ֡
˼һ˵ҶϲѾץסǰΰ׹ҲԴúô
ѵҲҪˮ׼Ů𣿡ҶЦЦĿ˼ҡҡͷ
ڵһӣ˼ͨ147.
ңҲ˼ҶϵȻôаңҡ
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˼һϲɵѿڶҿɲԽҶ磿
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תһ룬Ҷɾĥһζ
ǽҶϰɣɽʲôܽ飬Աҵ֡ҶɵӦ
˼һ͵͵Ӧһ
ҳˡ
Ȼţȴһħ֣ĵķѿ
ҶϣɽѣźλҪѳɡ󵽵׻᲻ɽɣ¾͵ÿҶˡ
˼˵ţȴȥĸסʦԼڶͬšղŻЩЦݵԳһЩ
ҶЦЦ˵Ųѳɣɽɣǵλ档ǿ䳤ϣҲ̫ɽɵ顣
ʶʶ֮е飭޴սʶ֮ʯҶɵ۽ѲССϻɵˡȸ㶨֮飬Լ϶Ҫ£߷
˼֪ЩԪӤʿŵ˿϶ˡȵ죬Ҫ˵ЩʲôȻƳԱߵĿռһ󲨶ǰһһɫĶವһӴ˳վҶɵļϡ
ֻޣ
һΣ˼ֿռ䡣һƳ˼Ȼ֣ǿռ侹Ȼޱȿ㣡
ҶȻܱٳ˾޴ֿռ䣡˼Եĳ޵
Ҫ֪ţҲûٳֿռ䡣ЩҶɵ¼ѾԽԽаöˣ˼Ҳûʲôء
ǣҶָָϵ΢΢Цұٳģ
˼ʧɫһʱ侹˵

˼ʧɫʱҲѾϵ˱ˮ̶
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үүкʿ򲻹ˮҴҵİԼ֪˵һ顣
ܹʧѾõ󷨣
ʹһȺޣ
Ϣܻ֮ٵͻ
ܹǿǱԮ
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үүϽȥɱˮ˵ҪˣǼһ϶ˣ
үүĶ֣滺˵
ôܣ
ˮһ˵үү㲻ɱ𣿾ԪӤʿҲǲܶԸѵ
ɱֻܶԸһʿǣǸʿް֣ܹɱǸʿҲ޲,
ˮһүүûǸʿô˵ʿϢ
ˮûüѯʣүү˵ʯ쾪Ļ
СӴ棡ٵڴ޵ѾһƬ棡ûýѶүүҲѾϹˡΪүүôô죿
һˮ˵
ǽʿƾڴȫԸүү࿹⡣ȻˣڴȻˣ
˺ģ˵ֻǰˡ
ˮȵ˵үүѵͲ·ǰǿȥټһְɡ
ûϵ˰֣˵Ѿ޳ǣѪǵƿءھøǰ顣
ˮѾǰ˵ˣɽɣǰͻȥɶǰŵֱӳΪڵӣҪúŬǧҪ˷үү
ɣǸ˵ӵжʿǿţ
ˮһ󼤵ϽӦүүģʣԲүү棡
ҵ棿ұȴӵĺò˶١
治ɵһЦһˮһҪǫвϻŰ衣Ҫ֪ѶϢǣɱɽŵʿֻѣ
ټһɶԽʿ֪ж١ˮʣ
Ҫѵʱɫ䡣
СӣȻУ
ԭޱƽıˮ̶ȻһڣȻһ148.ɱ
ˮֻһһˡǣȴһ̹ǵķ
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˵棬ѾʶʮҶɣҲǳԾȫûϵĽСޣȻ
ǱֿռաͺȴԲ˰亹
һûǺηʥǵˣ
ռûϵǣվҶɺ治Զ,Ǹϴ˵ĳϴŵĺΣΪֻ߲㣬ղŲͱ˸ɵŮޣ˱ˡ
ֿռﱩ˺һ٣СƢеˡǣһֿռ䣬Ϳ˼ݽߵĴ˵·֮ವӿʱҶ˳ˮ·׷ȥҲҵ˸õķйᡣһǻŭȫȥˡ
˼֪ԼȻǵȼСסʵŮĽʿڸȫǸڻûи˼˼߶еԸʱ޶˵ķСƢ
˼һ𾪵Ŀ˿þͺһֿ˿ľȴɫҶɣҶɵĳݣѾͶأԸˡ
ʱùȴ˲󷨾ˣһ˾һǧ
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һԪӤ𵤸߽ףǸʿߵİ֣Ȼֲ˹
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ܣһЦ޹Ȧವһǰ
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ʱͺҲˡǷߣ·
Ҫƴ𣿡û·޺޵ļһյͷ˹ȥ
էһȥⱦе㺮ᡣһ˳ľϣһͰ͵ĵİɫС졣
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ջǵһοܹ˲ƵԼ޹ȦıҪ֪ԼΪȶǼһ߳һءǼһȻƵ޹ȦȻСӣԼоĸ
ҲһⱦɱﵣԽԸԪӤʿġڶԷʶⱦ£ƾԷΪôߣҲӲӲסǣԼıȻƵ˶ԷķȴûƶԶ˾룬ô˵˶Է
ݣȴ˼ĺʱպȻԾϵĶȴһ
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߶СӣƵպü޹ȦԵƺʢ
üͷߴߣһâĹȦȴŵ棬ϢĳǱ߷˹ȥ149.գ
߹·ָղذɣ鲻..̫ࡣдĺò˵˲㡣ҾԼɡ
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ͺһûпǵĹȦǼձһСӸе鷳æһɣеԻˡ
Ѿܹ˼棬ҪԸӲɰǱҪܸ̫
ͺһۣ΢΢˵ͷҲյɲˣֱӾͳǱ߳˹ȥ

һѶȦವķɹ￡˴Ƿ˲䣬¡һ죬汻ը߻أۼžͳ࣬ˡˮ˻㣬ҲѪ߶µģվվȣ
￺ͺɵ࣬ʲôƹȦҲ̫˵㡣
ߵôҲʥѲССĽʿʰˣ
ƳһڵϵİɫС죬׼ȥ׸ҶɡͻȻһ͵سϮ
ԪӤʿ
ѹԸԼһʿһݣҵصӦ͵Ϯ
лˣ
Ц֮𵴿ռ䣬հвãͿһǳǳˮ氵ɫСӣವһӣСӾʧ
ǵǳǳˮߡŭһһƹȦͺǵǳǳˮ档
ˮĽԪӤʿȴûԳΣ
ȵ
ն˵̾ͼޱơʮĵƹȦ·һɫ䡣
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ͷϵıˮ֮Уû׵ĳһƯûҶɺͱӦƯ˾ͺ촽£ǺЦһƷ֮壬һεջ࣡
ѩıУĻߣ˼ȥıˮȴֻ֣Ҷץ˹
ƯϣĶֹ˵ЦݡѩıУȴ׺ݵĶߡüһ˼ȴֻĿѩıУԼʺ
ؼʱ̣˼Ȼ֫һǰһӦʱ򣬱ĵѾתȥԼͻȻֵƯѾʮ֮ң
Ҷɣ
ȻҶɵ֣Ѿ˿ǣ˼·ãþòˡ
ҶɣǱ𣬶֪˼ħ׳˼֡ͻȻֵĵ̫ǿˣ˶ֻǿ󷨵һûзʵ
ʱ˿̣Ҳ֡
ԪӤ磬Ȼʰһʿһͷ߽
ǰиġ
;ãƺʲôԼűƣͺԥķֳһ͵͵ĺ棬һ
յѶȴκʿǰʱʶйɴ˼ɽɣֱ˹
ǱڰеѾ֪ˮ̶棬а׹ǡջ񣬾ͲԼһ⡣СӸȲѣܹ͵֣պҡ,
ʱȣ˸ӣռ⣬˱ˮ̶ȥǰ׹ǡ
÷û뵽ǣԪӤʿһ㣬һ߲㣬һֻ߽ޣȳ֣Ȼһûɱǵˣ͹ȻһŹֵ󷨸
֪Щ󷨣ȫˡҶ󷨣ȴ֮ܵʯĵ㲦塢塢壬󷨵İ
ȻΪûԼߣƾ󷨵ܹԼĹ
û취ˣ÷
Ķ֣ոмڶ÷ǣ֪ˮ̶һܿͻɱսپҲ˲Ҷɵٿǲɲаһ׶״ķһ󷨾һġ
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Ҷһͺȣᣬ̾ԾҶɵļ
˼ȴɵģ֪ʲô顣ǰһ󷨿ۻңΪǱߵԪӤŮһʱǹˣ֧ŵղǼʿԮǣ֫һԼѾҶɽץס
ǰޣԼͷ۵糸صͨǰˡ
ϵʿĿһɣ¸ϲһҪ⿡Ū֣һûгζأ
һЦڵصͨ𡣷ջˮҶ׷˹ȥ150.
ʵҶҲѡֿܽռ䡣ԪӤŮ޶ôһʱҲֿܴռ䡣
ǣ֮ͷֿռҶɲ̫֪֮Ĵڣ˼ԱߣҲͲôֿռˡ
ȻˣҶҲԪӤŮޡϵʿóԼĵڶԪѧƣټϵ֮ʯǼ˲ҲԪӤʿ׷١
ٳ׷Ҷɣվ͸Ӳˡ
ĶܿҲͰˣЩϡŹֵĹȦʲôͷôӳռ룿
İɫС죬ٳٴգ
һҪץסһҪŪֹŹֵķ
ʱ˿̣ڷҶѾǲɲĺöˡطҲڱصá
׷еķȴֻ֪ǱӴܵҶɣѾڸԼˡ
ϵݷȫʩչҶɵٶȺ֮졣Ϣ֮ͻصǷ׹ǵĶѨ
ʯö˶˵ķԭء
𣬴ߣ
Ҷɰ˼ұǱһͣ̾ͷɹȥץ˼ܡڲǳԴˣСӵʱ򣬱֪ܸҶңҲʵʵĴ˼һͨȥ
û߳ȥԶվ͵ˡ
Сһӣ
ϵЦǣյһʱ䣬ʩչ
ԪӤʿʩչ൱˵áոյʱǳǳһЦ͹һȺϵֽ߲ʿҲӿ죬һ
ΪǰʿôŹ֣ҲᱻԼ񡣿ǣȻ֣Ҷ䵭ȫûбȻס

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۾ȻһһץͰǿʯ˹ܳԪӤʿһʯͷĵرܷŹ
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Ҷ䰵Цʱ򣬷ֻһɹ޷赲ӿ塣촽ĵ͵
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֪ףɫ䣬ҪʯӵǣŸոһͷһȦͻȻֵԼΧס
Сӣң
̧һҶʱﲼ˸󷨡
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ҪѪѾףʯĵرֿҪԼĵر
û취ҲҪˡŬڷڵҶµƵһӾͰѴӳȥԶ,
ҲͣԼѾǰ󵢸Σռºܿͻ׷
Ȼڷոһת׼ұڳȥʱռøϵղŻ׷ɱҶɵķգʱ˿̣òɫ䣬ֻӴܡ
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׷Ҷɴһ
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ԭҶֻôʯһ£Առ׷ȴû룬ʯڹŹ֣ȻʹհѴˣ֮ϲ
ҶҲûֱȥǴȻԼԹʯֻŮ޵ûôǣռ𯳲̫Ź֣СΪ
ҶõڶԪʩսţ֮
ǰ֪֪ʯڽһʯص֮Ҷʵ
֮ʯҡҡͷŬ˺һӣ˵Ҳʯĳyin޵ԲŻ֪ĿʯУû˭ԡ
ѵ
϶ǡ֮ʯЦɱŭôӵҿʯһޣҲǱеõÿԸǰΰ׹ʩչаyinѪ֮ԲŻ
Ҷɵ˵ͷʼŬʯӴŪ151.
ԪӤʿĴػޱǿ󣬲ô׾ƽ⡣
ҶȴҲżƽ󷨵ͬʱԵõȫߡɴõڶԪʱƣתרմϵػ󷨡
ڶԪѶҲҪѰЩҪռɱ˷ջҶɸɴֿռ䣬һҩĿޡ
ЩӣʹĶ壬ʱпͻơֻļɽɵĴѣʦɽҲû龲ǱޡˣӣԼøϻȥƴʦһڽʿɽɵΪҲͻɢˡ
Ҷϵһû̱ܵʱɽһڽ棬Ͷĺûᡣ
һʼЩصĽ棬ǷյĹƣûǲҪΪáǣҵȣǵһȥʶڴӪʱҲûʲôɫ
Ϲôʵ
ҲռƣҲǷյĳˣ˭֪أʼ磬˵֮ɱȥ׼û
ǾɱȥЦţһȵĳš
ƽ̶ɱȥˣﻹԥһӣʮʿ𣬳ɽɵĴӪɱ˹ȥ
ʱ˺üʿֻոսᵤʿڴӪ汾ΪջúõŪԪӤʿڣ༸ʿټûʲô⡣
û뵽վȻɽɣ
涼û뵽飬ոսᵤĽһʿ뵽ȻͣЪʱǻΪˣʲôСǣɽɶʮһڴӪȴȫûκ谭ʱ׹
ղˣ
ɽɶʮʿһ㣬κλ֮ȫʿİΣϸԵһ㳯ɽȥ
ܣ
˺ܾõЦţ⻪ķֱʿ˹ȥֻȥƿǣʿûüӦͱ˸͸
٣Ľ𵤻Żŵĳ˳ԸٶȳԶӡ׽𵤾ܶˣͬʿḻȻѾ֣˽Ӷݣֻ⻪ķȻһ䣬ͱŴ˵Ԫ𵤸
أɷˣЦ
ԪȻûô࣬ȥɳǡɶҲʯҲǺǵͷЦţĿ˸ĸڴӪ
ʱɽʿѾʩڴӪһȺڣڵСֱ绢Ⱥݺأһ֮
ҲԪˡ΢΢̾һս𹬡ڤЩɣҪˡ
ɽɵʿȫûڵʿҲڽӡȻɶ˲ٽ棬û˺ʱһã϶û취ٸһϸ¡,
˵Ҳ΢΢̾˿Ҫ˵ЩοĻȻɫһĿ⳯ɽڵķȥ
Ϲôˣ
ɫأΪ췢ʲôһǷɱһη˾Ҫ·زˡ
ȴû룬ЦţԼļ򣺡أҸоɵĵˣڣ
ڣȥڸʲôԻ
˭֪أǹȥǺЦţ͵ĳҶڵĵطȥ
춼֪ʵǸոճɽɲãҶɾͳֻ֮ţյѹ⡣ԣȻúеоȴܿ϶Ҷĳˡ
ȷ뿪ɽʱҶȴڵصסдѹ˶ĸоҲûܵһʱ䷢֣Ҷɾڡ
һΣޱϤġϢöȷҶɾڣ
ŷţɫˡϤϢڸƶСڸʿս
СӣȻһɱڣ
οǵġҪ֪Ƚʿܾܿ㶫֣ҲơһֻʮСһôðգ
Ҳɫ䣬˵ãɿɽ̫Σˣ
˵ûҶɵȷɽһؾֱڶǣȴһΣաͶ켱Ҵҵĸϵʱһ棬ñҶ£
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152.ʦͽط
áĿɿڴĸ֣ѾͶ˿̵ıˡ棬Ѿ˵
ʦ
һμ죬ҶɲЦտϷɽٷ˹
ɣǺǣû뵽Ѿ߲ˡǺЦղץǸķǴģ
Ǹһյǰ͸ҵġҶЦӦǱߡ
ҲͿһԪӤʿԶҵҵɨڵŴ档֪ԪӤʿ϶ǸҶһġǣõԪӤʿʵҶɵū
Ϊ˷ԼһЩԴҶɲòնǰ档Щ飬ȻʦͽҲ˵
֪滹ôЩơʮ겻Ҷ͵ر߲ʿһץס𵤵ͽʿǵĳԾ֪ðһԪӤǰһƺֿ˵ͨˡ
·Сķ˹ȥ
죨죩ǰ˹ʩ˸񣬲
Ǻǣض񡣡һ֣Ȼס죬һӲûɡ
ЩԾ֪ΪʲôջԪӤʿ˼ԼܹġȻʩҲ˳˼ˡ
ȻʩˣһѵĶ죬ԪӤʿҲ˿ϵĵõ˵лǰָͽҶɣ
˵̲סͳ鴤һ¡
ͽأţͽ
ϻǵװģպǺЦʼѣҲߣûϷİæҲһܹ߸ͽ¡
лǰ佱
ƳҶɣ첻ϲϽҶɵлһûϣնЯ
ȻڴӦֹЩʲôǾͲΪ֪ˡ
ʱȥԶɨϵɻһˡһһ
߽ޣϵģ
ټһϻʹû߽ޡɳǡɶҲû˵ϵ޵ĴڡͻȻһֻ˾ͶΪλǰ
ȴû룬ϵɻѹûգֱӾͳҶ߷˹
ɵǰһ죬һЩƿƿ޹˳ϵɻֺõҡͷβ£ҶͷǺЦõģֱӳˣøҡ
ϵɻԴϲſ죬ְЩƿƿ޹ȫȥ
ȻãҶɲĵͷЦרѱ޵ţڵ鵤ҩãǻҵĵҩҲԣ
ϵɻӸˣʵҶɵܺ㡣
ʱЩ𾪵Ķ죬лʵɣ߽
ǵģЩգͽвջ񡣡Ҷ΢ЦӦ
ѵļ˵Ϲ̫ˡ˸ͽܲ˵õòˡ£ò˼꣬ҪǿУһøͽܣ,
Цúϲ£ˣﻹѵĶȤ
ɣΪʦ˵˵Щ㶼ȥգô˴ջ񣿡ЦһӺ󣬶ʵ
ؾϡ
Ҷɰؾյ򵥽һ飬Ȼ˵ţɽʧСǰƵǾ޷֮֮֮Ũò˶ãɽɾ׳СľӪԽɳǡɶҲδ룡
Ҷ˵쾪ȵԸӡ
ټʣʿȥؾȻ˵
ǣһաǻһλԪӤʿʧ
û룬պܺ˵Ļ˻֣˵ȥæɣкҡ
ǡܸм˵ͻѣԽӴǰȹЩʱգϣǰǰȥ̻ա
˵˵ͷţ㲻˵ҲȥӶȥˣܲȥ
ʱպȻҶﴫᣬ΢΢ЦʵҲһҪ鷳š
ǰ˵õȫԸϽӦ
Ҳʲô顣ָָҶɣ˵Ϸѧ&lt;׶&gt;Ǻ棬֪⹦Ժδ
룬ȴûκؼ䣬عӣҲǺͰȥ飡
ãҵϢպʹӦ
ûбķԸټҴҵĸϻȥټɽɲʿǰȥؾռ̣153.˵
ˣҲȥ˱ĵطԶԶҶɺʦؾۣҲ֪ȤĲš˼չȥôǶҲԨԴԼȥݼһҲ˵ùȥֻǱߵĵɫһɣӾͲ֪ôЩͷ
˶ˣǺЦԭΪʦѼƷҹ͸㣬ҲǲĶڿƷҹôҲˡš[¸¾.]
˵ţ͹һ
ͼҶЩ졣ΪʦԼʲôؾû룬ȴһͼ
ͼΪȪ·Цݣﴫ֣˵Ʒȣǿ֮Ʒ֮ϣۼȣ
ۼ֣ͺ硣ҶɸϽѯʵʦȣֱӦʲô磿
Ӧ𵤶㣡ۼӦ߲㣡ֹȣ䲢ڡֻȪ·ϣпҵõ
ƳһſԱ鵤ϵɻЦǵطΪʦȥһΣûͷˡǣϵԸӦû̫⡣
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷ
ʦ˵û׿˹ͬභϵɻŰȡ
ԼڶҲûȤǵۼȣȻн߲ˮ׼Ҳǿпޡ
Ҷͼƻˣҵ֮һƬ֮ʯװ֮ռͳһ塣ͳһ֮赤ҩò˼꣬ˮ׼ĸ֣ͻԴԴϵӿ֣ﻹҪۼȣ
룬Ҷʵʦۼ֮ϣиĹ𣿡
ɫ΢䣬ȵۼ֮ϣǹӤˣɲܳǹȣ
ΪΣҶЩ졣
ӤǣͼʿǣҪǰͬʿǣҪƵѣ쳣ϸ˵Ȫ·ϣҲʱйӤûǵĿĸʿͬҵĶЩ̺ʯͷʿԣЩʯͷк档ɶЩӤǰ˵ȴǴ֮
ЩӤǰȻѰʿͻֻҪСһ㣬ȥðǣͲ¡ǣʿײǣǾͻʩչͨʿӵĺǣҲŹ
˶٣һһٵ˵Ȼǰָ໤Ҳӳ죡мǣмǣ
ҶɵͷʾԼס˵ʱ֮ʯϸͻأĳ֡
ǹ𣿳һֹ֮е㿴ͷﻹʲô¡䰡䰡û뵽һʿȻ嶼Ầ¡ȥô˰,
֮ʯͨԼϸ˽Ҷ֪ġ֮ʯûֱϸ˵Ҷɺǲ죺ǰ㲻֪һʿʵѾ轵ô᳤̾
˵Ҳ֮ʯֻ̾һ䣬ϢˣҶɶͷԡ
֮ʯ֪˸̾ʱĵ飬Ѿ
ˣȿ·ִһ硣ڵͬһʱ̣৵һ磬ϸϸ
ͨǧ֪һǣѶʱûоĵصϢҲֻҡ
˵һ粻̫ʱһ顣ñ϶ӲΨһǣ˭ҵ
֮󡭡
ֵѣѣҲûҵ𣿡ʻˣȻǸʩչ⣬ѱ÷򸾷һ롣
ѯʣַضһۣȻ󣬶ҡҡͷѶҲôҵõ
ü˵ѵǧϢд
ҲɡַǺЦǧȻǱڤΨһһļˣԣԶˡҲȡʱˣǰһˡ
ַ㳯롢ع˹֣һƿգﳤȥ
ؼַˣҲͣټҲƿգʧӰ١
ַˣҲˣüͷչ¶˵Цݡ
Ͼᰡһʷ˽̫١뵱꣬ǳ˼˵ģ߼ˣ࣡Ϲʱһսһ˾䣬һأ
ߣǱϢǱĳ߼˵żϢڸǣÿƼţúһң
ţһͳһš
벻֪ǣߺ󲻾ãַһǰһһγ֡
֣ô
֣
΢΢˵ͷ
˻⣬ֱһ֮С
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psһ飬ܵõڵĳɼǳлҵ֧֡ѾչҪʲôõ飬԰ɡϣڴҵ֧£дøã
154.Ȼ֮
֪ΣһһԼƽڵѾ˼Ụ̄޲һڰҧ
˵ɽҪؾؽţҪ֡Ϊɽɽļͽʿ˼Ӧͬһȥ׽Ѱʺͯ
ǣ֪ǰ˵Щʲô쾹Ҷɡ⼸ҶǸСض˼ǰÿμҶʱ˵ȴߵ飬ñҧгݣѾ֪ʹٴΡ
ŮƶʣʹȻο壬ݲŮȾָԼķ
ڱҶԼķˡһŮޣȻ͸ԼƤӵ¹û˼һצӣҲͶҶɵһλ
˼ҵľˡҿˡȻ̣ɵȥɡܺùȥ汼һʲô㲻ѱ
Ҷ˵ûȻ󲿷ʿˣɻ©֮㡣Ϊߵģˮ죬ΪյͻȻ֣ռòˮԮȴȥʱˮ֪١
£Ϊߣһûʲôʵս˼ȥ׽紳㲻͹ˡҶҲܱ˼ȥðա
Ҷ˵𲻵òʱĵŭǣҲʹĸʣ취һǰ»εǱС
ȥñһ취
Э飬ֻǲǰԳȴû˵ǰԳҵ壬ֻ˼ǰ΢¶һ¶һвͶˣ
뷨ҲƯŮ˵Ĺͬص㡣ΪֻҪǰԼ޵еòΡȴû뵽㲻ãҲʵ䷴
ο˼ħóƶˡ

»ˮ
Եɵɵģ˼ڿտɽС
Ȼһӭ洵˼̲ס˸ѹ
ףô
ԼҶɵķǰǣȴѾŵĸض죬ߵ
˼Ҳǰ߹һˣܿͷӦӴһƷ
˭˼ȵ

ɲ֮䣬֦ҡҷҹĴ˼Ȼȫʧ
һ˲䣬亹ˢﲼ˺ˮ˼ֻļţƫƫԼȴ
ڣûг̫á֮ϣȻһƬˮĻһ߲ʹ⻪˼֣Լˡ
ʱ䣬׹
ǿѹԼȻʧϣ
ǿѹ˷һ㣬ѹգԼָܻ
ǵˡ
˼ţϽջ˴Ȼ󣬳ǵ߲ʹ⻪ϹϾʩһ񣺡˼ݼǰ֪ǰʲô飿,
һֻ֣Ღ߲ʹ⻪ͬƿһ
⻪֮һӰƻá˼Ŀ
ǣֻ֣ȴ˼
һֻ֡
޳ֲʧ飬͸źָ׷ŵ΢¹⣬Ө͸ģͺѩĺ÷̾
ֻһֻ֣˼;ӡˡһˡֻ֣ͺһƥеħԼӣ޷ѡ
ǰзԸ˼ǣԥģ˼Ȼ˵
ĵ˵ͷ˵뿪Ҷɣ
Ժȫ˼ءǱԴûôֻҪ˼ҶԶԶģѾˡ
ǣûϵǣ˼⼸ֺǿѾѿħӣ˷һȻ֮ȥ
У
˼ϵĻشñɵһ㶣ѾȻôش𣿡
Ǳĸĸڴˣ϶ܹ˼ħľħ˱Ȼ֮ǣŸոմн׵ıԵûֱӿħΪ˼Ҳʲô츳ͨǣһպڲľ
һžӲ˳˼ֻһۣԶļס
ͬʱ˼Ҳ׳١
뿪Ҷɣ
ǡ
˼߽ţȫȻ֮ơѷħҲǿȻ֮ѹȥʱݷ155.麣֮
˼뿪Ҷɲû̫ϾЩԼ飬ҶҲûȤȥܡֻڹȥϣҶɰԼûõЩͽ鵤һԵȫ͸˼
˼ˣҲͷлϲΪĴ취Чȴ֪ΪԼóȻ¶ݣԼҶɣ˶ս

ڡ
Ϲ˴һţ˵ССɽˣԽɳǵɣǼԺڵĩӣҲҪӭ˿
ĹŶϹ˵Ŵ棬ڵĴӪ
ԪӤʿֻǲ۵СɫܿһĿڤʿҲֻͨĵӡ
ʿĽܳӣ
ʿף
ЩֻܸɽֹĴڣȴսսڵϣͷ̧
ЩҷģҽˡԪ֮ûбȥֻΪ⼸ѹͿϡ
ŮĸͬεˣںڵϽ̸
֣ЩСɫܰҵ𣿡
롢ַ㡢ضҲ޷ȻȫָǣҲ÷ͷȥң
һ˻˵ͷȻ󣬻⣬ʧ
ֱʱǸǰģڵƽŸ̧ͷ
Զľᡣ
Сչ˵һᣬһ
ѰϹżаԾϹżʮǰͱѹһôҪѰңѲɣиصϹ񼣴ڣ
һֻһȷѪꣿڵʷأʮǰһսһ糹ױ
ɵô˸СĴ˵ڶᡪ
һ׵˻չ

ѹͲ֪ԱڤʮˣѾԼĸòԼĻǷֱסʮţ´ȫ
ʱı𣬸Ҷһν֮ҶһοʼչؾޣԼһתûɣҲֻſҶߣϵʼˡ
һһֱ˰ʱ䡣ս֮һ֮ƬʱҶѾﵽŲ۷壬𣬸Ծ˽㣡
麣ۣ֮յı棬ҶɲüͷⲻڤʿȥΣ֮Ϊʲôɽʿȥ
Ҷ˽⣬ɽɻûԪӤʿ˵ڤʿˡ׶졷麣ۣ֮Ҳ̫Ź֡
ոϽ˵Ǹɽɽʿҽʶһʿһ·λʿֱ麣֮ۡǶʿ麣֮ܵش֮ǰͰѵ麣֮۵һЩλʿ&lt;׶&gt;֮һ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵ùȥǽʿõ麣֮۵ĶΪʲô˳ɽɣеĹ¿»кܶࡣϾȥ麣֮۵ģѰɫһʿҲ͸ֻСһͿ,
һƬŪҶɿЦҡҡͷ
ĿǰԼգɾһٸһǧգҲȥ麣ۣ֮
ԼȻҲҪᵤˡԪѨҲѾ˽һ룬ò˼ʱ䣬ܳɹӤǣ龳磬ңɼ
ѲɣҲȥʶһʿ
Ҷţܾû֮ʯ˵ˣˣ²ΪͲ˼˷ʱˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ҲҪ

үүΣԼ̤֮·һԼʹûзκһƴҲΪһһεƴԼŴһб˵֮·
Ҳʲô÷
Ҷһ˼ţһ߷ֳͨڶԪ֮ʯ̸һ֮֮⣬ǲǻ
սڶԪʱҶɾ;úȻյʲôǣָоͻȻȥÿ죬һʱ䣬ҶɾЩã
ڱ͵ڶԪ֮ػأҶʼûҵָоҶţ鶼еճմˡſԱߵıе㵣Ҷɣ̲סצӡ
𣬱֡ףҶɿԼűץץӵ𣬺Ȼһ֡
ˣҶɲɵùЦ
ҶЦùͻȻնһף׷ʲô156.ת֮
ڶԪ񣬱Ҷٻص˱ߡ
˸Ƶİ֮⣬ҪʩչǸԪƷʵ񼶹ʱգڶԪƷѾ޽ӽ߷塣
ʣڶԪұ岻ڶ̶̼ڳ飬ڶԪȴпܣ
ҶɵñɶͷԣȫҶ˵Щʲô
ûڶԪҪҶɵı廹ҪǿڵڶԪΪҲͽ൱ʿҪڶ̶̼֮ڣͳ龳磬ȫ
ڱʮԻʱǿҶɵı͵ڶԪȫϥ
˫֣һӱڶԪ˹ȥ
ǡ
жһ׹ҶҪãȫڶԪ
ֻҪϸƣԪɢȻ轵Ϊڸ֮Ҳ׻ָ˱ڶԪΪͿͻͽȻ붴龳绹̫ңԶ˵㣬ԪӤɣڤҲϣ
߲㣡˲㣡Ų㣡һ㣡ֻ˶̶ʱʱ䣬ڶԪͿ쭵һ㣡
ٿҶɵı壬ѾŲ㣬䵽˲ĵײ
ձڽζĿţ͵һӣ˸ܲõ뷨
ֱȡҵǵڶԪڵǱò˶ãͿһɳ죬ֱӽԪӤ
һ뵽ֿԣ亹ˢ
ȿȣ˵ܲȡҵﴫʵ
Ȼ԰ЩĻش
һһվ;Լߣֱ¡
ģ㶣ڷӦҲýͣǿЦ⣬˻צӣʾտˡղϲһ̵ľܵûӰ
һ죬¶˼ʱտǿһߡֲŮӳʱҲٵҶɻԼ
ʵ֪ȫˡ
ⷨеͨҶѹͲ鷳İ͸ڶԪȫռץ壬ֱӿ쭵ھˡ
ʵϣ˼аʿʿֱ˵ΪԼΪ࣬ҲȡԼϵĿҶģҲԽһЩΪҪԾȴǲܡ

СȥûãҶɵĵڶԪֱһ㣬ﵽ㣬Ϊ䵽߲㡣
һʱҶòҲͣſ׼ʱȻ뵽˾ת֮
Ǹת֮ıϡ
ֿת֮˷ʱ䡣Ϊȹ̣ԽԽ֮󣬽Լʱ쳣ɹۡ
Ҫ֪Ǿ͵ʿÿÿƿҲҪѴʱȥȵˣƿʮϰ꣬Ҳϡ档
ת֮ǡǡܹƿ⣡,
ĸĸ飬֮Կڶ̶ͳΪˣҲΪ˾ת֮һ·ƿϰԵʡ
ԭûҶҲת֮رǵ֪׶졷Ƿ֮󣬾͸ûͷǣڣƺתܹ֮Ҷɵæ
һȥ֮ʯ
ǰһæ
ҪҶʲôö֮ʯ˵ɲҪ̲鵤ҩԵ̫࣬ҲԳġ
鵤һ˵ţһ߽һ˹ȥ
˻
֮ʯһ̲ס˺ü
˵&lt;׶&gt;
Ҫ֪ǡ׶졷Ϊ˾ƿ죬ת֮֮ͬǣ֮ʯ۹ܿͿת֮ԽڣЧҲԡ
ѹ㵽˽𵤾磬ٶȶ죬ԭ湦֮ʯǺЦ̴Ҷɣ
֮ʯҪжȻͣѾͷӦù⹦ʲô֣
ѩ֮ʯ⡣ߺһ£˵ǰŰɡ
֮ʯһЦʼҶɵʶд͹

ת֮
ڴڶԪҶɣʶȻյһϢЩϢ֣ǡǡ˵ġת֮
ǰԼĹҶЩʵ
ǰɡ֮ʯǶǵĻشš
֮ʯ˵Ҷѣעһ⹦Ҷ׷һ䣬Լ֨֨һ£ҶɵĴӦþͻµϡ
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ľͷľͷĹĵģΧСʯͷߵҷɣȴƫƫҳ嵽Ҷǰ˵
ղŸ֮ʯһԻѾΥˡҪԼߺߵϼ䣬ϰǾҪֱܹץԼˡ
ȴ֪ϰѾþӡѹͲ֪߷顭
һƫԶ򣬾޴βһշýġ˽ȥҲ
ûз
ŮټΣգΣԼҲҪ취ȥ
ձ˼ԼΪӳȥˣֱ˵ķǣӡʱͷ飬ֻ
ֻϣѰĻԵˡ
״治ĻԵڣʲôֻλںηһֻ֪ܲʹ΢һһȥ㡣
ڡʹ΢㣬ȻȫʢڣҲǲСĸοȼյ֮Զûлָҹķ㣬üζ㲵𶯣Ԫǣһ뵽ЩŮħצҧأƴȥ
鿴ҪȰȴ˿ڡ
һɷһŮһߣǰԼ˺롣
֮£ֻܡһԼܺãײϴԵͲȥƴˡ
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ĵһҲûз硣ʼոٷУҲ˿ĸֻߵĿ΢һ¡˹ȥղŻ𵴵Ŀܿͣٴš
û˷磬Ҳûꡣ
ɱûκεطһˮ¡ȻӺʹûиɺԣֲͶʱûȱˮĹǡǣٹϼ£ֲͻȥҲ½󳾡
ûǵֲǵµĶԤҵδֻ࣬ر࣬ʶ
ǣϵʵ̫ˡΪߵʿҲֻԪӤ硣ЩԪӤʿƴҲûľӡʵϣѹǾֲĴڣ
ڱŬ㣬ܵʱ򣬼ΪߵԪӤʿһ
ϣʶ㣬ã⵽ôһ£
һ˵ģһ׳ʿжΪһʷŵʿ˰ʮʱ䣬ԪӤڣ
ˣһֱưرǶűǧ꣬ǿԪӤʿǲмʱһŵѡʱֱˡ쳣ѵõģȻһ䡰ϡ
ưĶǫ飬ű¾ͺ˸ϣ˵ʹ졣ڰڼӣٶܵŴɼӻûϸǾ͡ȿȿȡģ˸ɫ
ˣͷʲôװ
ű³̾һ˵ôˣô죬һûУֻǾߵʿΪˡ,
üͷ˵ϵ˼ǿڤʿǣȻǿڤĸˣҲܷס
ȻǿڤǸߵľ硭ߵĶľ硣ű˵ţ˸޵㽣Ҳ¶η塣
ߵöľ磿
˵ֻаĶˣűµǼϸǣҲԾһ
˶񣬶ǫʵϣȿڤߵľʲô
Ҳ֪ű¿Цҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ϣҼص߾磬ֻǿڤϾûˡ
ȻˣΪ˵бȿڤڸߵöľ磿ʵ
⻰˵ɾͳ֮ܶڼӤ֮ǰһ֮ǿߡȻѾˣǿֲѹȴѹҲ㷢裡
˵ű²ɵ̾˿ԽԪӤΪĴںҲû̾ǣôһ̾Ѿ˼㡣
űµ̾Ҳ̲סһ
ɱһʿ򵥣Ҫһʿȴ̫סƾѹһӤʿ㷢裬Ĵڣ
öû뵽ǣ⻹ű˵ġߵöľ硱
ű̾˻֮󣬽˵λǰҼ⣬Ȼ˼䡣
˵Ķ৵һӣȫǰˣＸ仰϶ͬѰһҪϸˡ˵֮·Ҫ⼸仰档
űŹֵظһ鵱ǾؼĻ
ûѵԶֻϰĴ𣿡
ݽԾ158.
ǳлҶԾ֧֣Ѿ35ˣĸͷرţ΢һ㣬͸ӿˡȻǼҲ˾ĶӣǾ㻹ôһĵģϣҳȫ
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˿ֲĴڣȻ˵Լֻǡϡλǰ˶ϣʲô
ϰ죬Ŀ͵ĳű¿ȥ죬ҪʣȴֻҵҪ֪Щʲôźá
ű¾ͺ񿴴˶˼ҡҡͷЦ˵Ҫκ⣬Ҳ֪λǰ˲Ź˼֮󣬾ʧˣҲûм棬ֵεʿ⡣Ͳ˷ʱˡ
һ̣ףΪʲôű½ԪӤ֮󣬻ôĵ͵
ԼǿЦǽԪӤٶȿ˵㣬ֺµһƵġʵϣֻ϶Ļɫ
Сܽˣлָ㣡վϹϾĳű¾һһ׸˹ȥľΪһء
ĶԪӤʿ᲻֪Ϸı仯
һ糣ľº׾ͻԪӤΪһһڤʿϧˡ
еˣﶼ̲סһ󳤳̾Ϣϵȫ⣬Ҫףֱǳ˵Ρ
ֱĶȴ΢΢ЦЦ֪ʲôǣҸұ֤һܹ
ŶȫĿŶ֪«ʲôҩ
λһ룬Щˣ˭ֵַԸ
һﾪˣ
ȫԾ
˵ĺеǰ˸ǹȥֱɱǾˣҪô鷳
û϶ǰ˶ԲŷӡҲ˵쳣ǿˣϣ
ǣλҲӡ˰˵Ҳûа취ȥ
Ϻأɵ˰ӡ˵ʲô˵ֻҪλ㹻Դһܹӡ
˼ǡ
Ķ˾˵ݶϣͲٶˡȻ⣬ǣʯã
Ҹɵʯȫóеڶٳڶ٣ͨͨڿҲνλԪӤʿĬĵ˵ͷ¾㶨ˡ
ΨһǣôܰЩʯ͸λˣ
ȥң
ĻôҶһ
ôңűü˵ǵȾˣԸǿվǰǶܿ
һȥ󣡡úܿ죬ܶˣûһһɽͷһɽͷȥݡһһȥݡҾͲˣݱǧɽˮɳ
Ҷ˵
ϣԪӤʿžˣþˣ˭ԸⱰϥ
ŶǵûʲôףЩ˵ⷬԺ˹˹֣ܿ뿪ط,
ɡ˵ϣ¶˹Źֵɫ

ȥɽˮˣȷϣǣϵõĴڡͺĳ޷ѩصһ㣬һֻԪӤʿѹ󲻵˵ҪôֲָܻԼ֮
ϴ˱ٵҲͬϴѰԵķ
һ̫̫ˣôܰæԣһֱȫǸֿƷεĵطҲǻ̵ĵطЩԪӤʿۻᣬԼµ飬ǲ֪
һֱ
ӡһˣҲѾһʱûꡣ
糿޷磬Ⱥġۿȥǧ
ǧ֮⣬һĨɫΪ֮һϲдΪһ֮С
һʱ鼸ûĳУЩĵط˷ʱ䡣ǣôʱ䣬ɽҰ֮ءĮ󴨣ȥˣƺȥĵطҲѾ̫ࡣ룬ȥ޿һ
һĽӡسɳĮʧһСɳĶˡ
ȻóһԪӤʿĽӡɵЩ档
Уȴһһߣʲô
ڿѰҴԵŹκιŹֵ顣ʶ˳⴮ӡԾ˵ٶ׷˹ȥ
ڹ˭գգ۾
ֻһĿ࣬ԪӤʿߵһʯͷԣͨһ۾Ű֮˵Щʲô
ϸһ鲻ɵЦԷǡ
ԭϵʿѾṩ
һʯȷֲܿǣͱ˵ڱˮн˶á
ҡҡͷԼó̡ɲ֪ôģȻбҪɷ˵һ˵һȥ͵֪һС
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ĶѶ159.壡
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ʹطȼٵǱޣȻѡַĴѡʵڱڤҲһ
Ϊʵ̫СˣԴҲǳѷ㼯ϵԴҲֻͳһʿѣû˿ۡ
ǣһϣȻӵ˶Ľѵ֮壡
̾ȴͿ
λǰʲô֮壿ѯʵ
ûнͣϵʿѹûָڶͷһ㡣;ϴ󿪣Ŀ͵һӣԼΧĸоˮ׼
֮䣬ãԼ·һַǷĴϡŹֵŵľ󣬴ûżζ
ʵ𣿡˵
ѹ֣Լ϶ĴڡԼߣ˷ḻ磬ԼȻ޲
߽ȥһֻϻҪСĲ֪ԼơҡͷβƺɻĿ˿ΧȻ󣬾ƵŲ
һһϸ΢סһصζ͵ġǲ֪ʱ˷˳ζ·ɿƶֻǣڶٶȣһ£¶߲Լġ
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һ˲䣬ãԼۿʪˡ
Եһȶϰָоһָ
㿴Ǳߡ
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е˵סģǡ㣬壬ԳԵǣֻҪǳԹ⣬ӡȻûˣ
⣬⣬⡭ǶЩ׼ȴҲĻò֪˵ʲôźˡ
ֲĴڣҿԳԵ
ȻԶߣҲоκѹǣֻǿһۣѾö궼ڲٽһЩɣԼǲǻᱻֲֿ飡
ûƭ㡣ȵ˵ȻڵΪ
˵ʱղŵڶͷһӡʧҲǾˣܿ죬ߵ磬ҲԶĸо
޷ʧУöԥģͨһ£˱ǰ
飡飡飡
ģݺݿͷ
ǰΪͽ
Цˡ
尡ǼƷ˶ۺʡȻûо⵵£Ҳնͽܡ,
Ϊʦ˵ͷʦĸ飬ȥͷɡ
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ȫû뵽Ȼôɾͳɹʦ
һǰԼ̤ߵ֮·ʱи̣Լù
ΪôߵˣôܿǣǴҵձ鿴ò˵ҲЩ
û룬һԼȻĳɹˣ
ʦĸϣͷˡתȥ飬ϹϾĿͷ
麬Ц˵ͷ
ɡȶߵϣһ֣
ӽЩѣΪʦԻȥΪʦţһҲѡǣΪ̫̲˶٣ͻᱻָǿֻҪһͣ٣ǾͻָǾùˡ˵
Ǹô죿ʵ
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ǺǣΪʦˣ㻹֪ЩǺЦԪӤ֮󣬼Ϊڤڤ֮󣬾Ƕ顣ֻҪﵽ龳磬ϸ֮ԳһС硣ʱ򣬱˵ˣʮŰҲճԲ󣡡
ϸ֮УԳС磡
;ʮּ
ղţԼֻӵ˸΢۵磬ѾҪӯԳС磬ǽһģ
㽵ʵʦʦĸǶ龳磿
飿
΢΢һ㶣Ȼ󣬹Ц
ˣǷѵʱ䣬ľ֣֮㽲ɡ
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ǰؾ硪𵤡ԪӤͲҪҶིˡ˵
徳磬ڤڡϸģԿӳաԪӤңҲܿݺᡣ
磬ڡϸлԳС磬߶Ϥת֮ء
߾磬ڡʫƣͷ磬һǬС֣Ϊ֤ɡתֻأΪ򡣼ɣͿ񣬽һתΪ֮
ڤ飡񣡻֮ϣ֮
ԽԽ
ϸ˿ڤ顢󾳽ص㣬ԼӦܴﵽ󾳽硣ǣֻ֮ȼûϸ֮󣬻ûи߲Σ͸ûнˡ
ȵ꣬ųʵʦʲô磿
޾֣֮֮𡣡ȻӦ֮Իо֣֮Ϊδ֮ǰ·Ѱ֮󣬾Ҳû·ѰˣȫԼԺͻԵǳӵΪˣΪʦʦĸˣ
ˣ
ڲ֪ԼղǸôĿЦ
飿ƨǾϣ
ڨڨЦʦ֮ϣиǿĴ𣿡
ǿĴڣ
΢Цһܿ˿
ֹޱߡ֪ˣǿľǾżż֮ǲǻиǿĴڣΪʦУǣΪʦҲ֪Ĵڡھ̫ˣЩҲȥ롣ռʯɣ
ǣϽӦһ

ûϵǣ˸ʼƷͽܣ㾡ľöʱңԶ֮ϣ֮ʯҲ취βܰҶɵĵڶԪ񣬳ߵľ硣
ڶԪЧľת֮Ҳɨ˺ب·ϵĴƿǣǱϾǶ龳磡
ĿޣڶԪɹ׽𵤡Ҳ˳תһ۷塣ǰⷬɼҫȥ»һŸ߽ʿҶ˵ȴܲ⡣
ǰûʲôطԳɱٶȣҶɺԼļ
֮ʯʱԽԽˣҶɿɲ빦һ
֮ʯҲûȥȰҶɣڵѾԼ֮⡣ΨһǣܰҶɵģ;ȥҶѲõĶ󣬶ǸԼ׺׵ˡ
ʱ֮ʯڻһЩܹͷ˵ҺƴҲҪ
Щͷֻһ֮ʯû뵽ôһ죬ԼȥҶɡ
ڣ֮ǽҶɵ⡣

֮ʯ뵽ģôȥѡ
꣬ΪҶɣѾԻ֮ˡ
ڣҶְΡǿȣѾƷ,
壬Ҷɿøٶ֮õκηΣաҲΪʲôڶ̶̰ʱɹתԭ
֮кöޣȥɱޣɴ
ǣܿ죬֮ʯͷ취
ֻΪ˳ԪӤ취ܺáǣҶҪǶ飡֮ȻͲˣܹ𵽸á
˺ܳʱ䣬һһڣ֮ʯһ
׹ǣ
Դӵõǰ׹ǣҶɾһֱûȥ
ޱȵȥѰΰ׹ǣںѧϰطϧǣһ̫yinѪҶֲɫ.ǡyin.ħֻܷ׹ǡ
ǣϾΰ׹ӵһ˿֮
׹ǣ
֮ʯĻشҶ˺һӡ
ǰа취yinѪ֮
ûС֮ʯشúܸɴࡣ
ҶĿ֮ʯ˵ǰ㲻ұyinħɡ
Ǻǣ᲻yinħǾҪĶˡ֮ʯЦΣտ϶Уһ㱻yinѪ֮ƣͻyinħǣɹһ˿֮ɳڣ
ʵ֮ʯûаѻ˵
һ˿֮ԶԶʤһʿһ֮Чʺ˵˷ֱ̫࣬ӳûָģȴûκ⡣
֮ʯĻҶȻĶͷ˼ʱ֮ʯſһߵı
ѾͷҪϳ֣ĥ־ɹϣҪöࡣ
֮ʯ˵ҲɵȻĶ
Լϰ֡ˣһ˿֮ж֮ʯ˵ԼûҶǿ󣬹ϰ֡Լһ˿֮ˡ
ԼѾǽ𵤾磬Ȼ֮ǿ֮ʯ˵ȥȷԴӳɹʡ
ǣȴܹ˼ϰ֡ӡϰ̫ˣ̫ˡҪֻ裬ͽˡ
ô죿ȥϰ֣һϰַô죿ȥģյš
ڱܿյʱҶɵ񽥽ᶨ
һԣ161.
˵һԡʵϣ˭֪ɹħ
ǵĿҶɣȴ˵ʲô
֮ʯȴϵҶɻðһԣǺЦʵʧҲûʲô˾תаСˡ
Ҷɺͱû֮ʯһۣͲû֮ʯָˡ
˶Ҷ˵Զһɣ֪᲻ʲô״
˷yinѪ֮Ҳѱȡ֮ʱ᲻ᷢʲôʡʱԼûа취ȥˡ
ĵ˵ͷ˵˺Զĵط֮ʯһƿҩҶɵǰ
Сģ֣صĶһ֮ʯҲ˿ˡ
ƿ׾鵤Ǳ͵͵֮ʯġʱҶ˼ԲߣҲûпСΪ֮ʯ˽أԥһ̵鵤ȥ
һҩҶʴ䣡
ԭԸƽ͵Ҷɣ˲ͱɽѾҶɵǷıҲɲ֮䣬Լ͸Ҷɸ˺ԶԶ
ָоñܲǣֻһ˲䣬Ҷɵٱ䣡
·һǿٻԼ̲סŲ˰벽
ٿȻľ
ҸǿȻ֮
ôܣҿ壡
ԼҲ֡ƺʱyinѪ֮ûôֲѾӡһ࣬yinѪ֮ȻֲԼ㱻Ȼ
һ˿֮ˡ֮ʯ̾Ѿͷ»ûнӴȻǿ󣬵ҲѷɫرһĴڣɱͬˣ
Ծõɴ۾
ô
Ȼеľ䣬ǣֻµľ䡣һ֪
֮ʯЦҲؾеЩڻˣڻУ˭ڸǿս
֮ʯôһѣ̻ؾ֮пǷڻϾ޷ĴǱڻá
ԾǴ塪ˡס顢ޣ
Уֻڸս壬ԶԶģҼⳡս
˥ˣûʵ٣ǽͷݣֻ壬ܸ࿹⣡
ЩɵõҶɵİΣˡ
һ˿ܾ֮Ϊ𣿡
ڵҶɣ˲֮ӿyinѪ֮ѾѪڣ
ֻȡһǰΰ׹еҶɾ͸оԼ·Ǳʲôȼһ㣬һɿޱȵĻ棬˲ȼ
ֻȼ壬Ҷڵ֮ǿη塣ǣɿ񱩵ĻȴѸޱȵĳԪ񡣾Ҷɶˣö鵤Чþˣyin֮˿ҶҲɵˡԪ޴ӡĸо
ڣҶ⵽ͻϮЩ顣㲻ӣֻԪ񣬲ϵĵyinѪ֮
յʱ󡭡
û֮
ҶɵŬ£һyinѪ֮ڱˡǣȴûκ֮ڵļҶɶ˶ִǰ׹֮УȡһyinѪ֮,
yinѪ֮һ˿֮ͻΣ֮ʯļƻ
ʵϣ㲻ʲôƻ͹Ͼ֮ʯֻǰҶǿĵڶԪҲֻǸոս׽𵤶ѡ͹Ҳûõİ취
ͺҶҪʲôһȻͱĨɱ׹ǻǱܵķ˷
ڶyinѪ֮ǿ
һӣҶɾѪƺˡʶҲһζԪֱɢ
޿ˣҲˣ
Դ̤֮·Ҷɾ֪裬һӱܣԶǰ
ųܹƣ
ԥģҶɵ£Ѹٳϸϸ֮Уܲ
䣡䣡䣡
ܼ׵磬ϵĺԪyinѪ֮ҲǿһǵһѪƬƬҶɵԪһѪyinϢУһֲƼգĸˬһδεҲҶɵľһδεõߡʱڽһyinѪ֮״ݻ١ֻ֮ƺȥͬˡ
ڵҶɣ˲ȥԼʲôͬʯָһһγȡһyinѪ֮ظŸղŵĹ̡
ǣԶı֮ʯȴҶɵı仯
ѾͷҪԵУҪԽԽ࿩ް
Ц棬֮ʯпֱ̾
֮ʯĻһ
ȻҶֻǱĿէȥ塢òȥûʲô仯ǣȫȴɢ
Ůǿ162.ϵڱ
ǰǲҴˣҶɼ̯˫֣˼ģҲʲôˮƽҪȥ㣬ǳ˵Σ
ٺ٣Ϊ޹ءҡҡͷЦֻΪܾңȫøǿĿ顣ǣµĿ飬ֻԪӤǿ߾ͿɡȻֻҪõұϿɣҵӰͻ֡Сӣ֪֪Ϊʲô
ⲻϻҪ֪ԭҲ֮ˣ
Ҷ۾Ӱֶ֪˵
҆ˣԻգգ۾ǺЦðɣҾͳ˵һаˣұסӦǧˡҪһԺܸߣӵа֮ʿæ㣬ǺܺʵѡôСӣԸ𣿡
ǧꡭ
Ҷ˺һӡ
ǰʱôãȷı廹ţ
ȻԸĵ˵ͷҵһëԶ뱾ʮҲһܹӦĴ񣡡
ٴ
Ǻεȱ.̬ĴڣȻһëӵ˿ֲ
Ҷɼ֮ʯǳԾһƬңϰ춼ûܻع
ż
뱾֮˿ֲĸӦǵﵽ˼ˮ׼Ҳ
ֻоż񣬲ͨ
ţ֮ʯ̾뵽Ҷ׬ˡýָͷȥ룬֪λż󣬿϶ΪҶ׼ʲô˵Ķ
ţĵرУЩǿǾżóʲôĶ
֮ʯĿӰ𲻶ϵﴫߴԼʲôͷûشˡ
ǣ֮ʯޱƵǣӰȻʲôû˵
Ҷڵ˵ͷͬæֻӰһ⣬ҶɵڡȻϢģҲûκζ
˺һӣȷӰҲ֣֮ʯŴҴҸ䣬Ȼ󣬾ٶȣɵҶɵߡ
ɣ˵˵λǰʲôô
˿ѯʵ֮ʯٿڴĴ۾Ҷεҡҡͷ˵˵
Ρ
֮ʯˣ޷õ㣬ֱǶĥ
ҲƲƲ죬ǰҲ̫ˣѵڵʲô
ûϵĲ²ⲢûдΪ̶ȵıҶɡ
һغôʵ̫ˣǱˣҲ̰һϢ©ҶɶǿҲһ

ײͬ磬вͬôÿһôǰһǿö࣡һôһ˿֮ҶĬĬţЩ
һ˿֮ѾֻҪܽ䳹Ϳ϶Խ׶顣ڣԳΪʿ
滹иĺôÿһһ˿֮ǿöֱ࣡콵ƣɵҶɲ
֮࣬ҶҲЩȸС
Ϊȣֻӳȥһ޹ǣ,
ʮ֮ǣɢããǳֻҪҪʿпܻЩô
ԣ˺ڰ׹֮еһ˿֮ôǶһݶġҲ˵ôʿõˣҲûҶɵķݶ
ӰڽҶɵҶ֪ȥİûһʿҪ󡣵ǣǰãһңԶһʿﵽҪ
üӱŬҪȻѼҲߣҶɰţǣôҪȥܵõ֪
Ҷɿ˿֮ʯӦòΥ棬ǣʵǰ֪֪
򣿡֮ʯһ£û˵ӦúԶɡ
֮ʯĴ𰸣Ҷɵһ
ôȻôõģȲô֮࣬ɡҶεҡҡͷʼרһ˿֮
һʼҶɾͺȻ֣һ˿֮ǵӴоȻŸĸ
Щ޷ġǣ֮һһıԼҶɾ;ãԼĸԽԽ
ͷһҶʩչһ򵥵ϵʱסˡ
һֱһɵ׵򣬺Ȼָ֮ϣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣҶ̲סͺһ
ùܶΣÿҲֻŪһߴС׵ڣڣȫһ
ǣڣ֮ȫ˵ڶԪ񣬱ΪûԱ仯ȴŪô׵
Ǹ֮ʯҲǳ򵥵˵ԽʩʱʾԽߡԣŪȹȥ౶׵Ҫϸ˵ôҪöࡣֺôֻᣬԴɣһ׬ˣ
˿ޱȼ֮ʯҶ΢΢ЦЦҪ֮ʯ֪ʵֻŵĵһô֮ʯֻἤʲôģ162.˭
壬ױȵǺŮҲջ󣡡
Ҳ̲ס̾һ䡣
ƺڤڤУԼӦøҶһԶֻҶɣӦԼ塣ҲֻԼܳסҶɵ..
õŪһˣûбȻ֮ɾ͵øһʵĿʾˡ
ԼڵıѾڻҲ˵ϰҪǡҪֱ֪ǲѰҲ֪ϰֵҲҵõ
ҶɻȫעyinѪ֮ͳһŴѶ
ףôûл
һûлΪΪϰ֡Ѿ֪ؾյĽѾƵûػǣһε飬ϵǣҲӦûһ仰ɡ
˺һӣϰ趼ûκλʶƺʲôõ鷢ˡԭתȦһµƲ⣬ģʶռݵ
֮ʯȱӦһЩһ;ܲһθӼᶨĿҲ֪ʱòҪ̼˶û⣬ƾҶɺͱڵʵæﲻϡ
ѾͷҪ˼롣ץʱ䣬ԼΪ
֮ʯĻͺӵһħһñѹ
ǰ˼ʲôôҪ̿
ţǿĵˣĸҲ¡
ֻʱסˣһҪ̿ȥæ
֮սǧꡣôʱ䣬㹻ԼΪˣ
û֪ΪԼؾеһѶϰ֡û취ǧζΪ˲ǧıԼϰ֡ʩչռһУսʱ̡ڣΪǣѾӡһƫԶС֮ϡ
Ӳ֪ǣҶȫעѰһ˿֮ԼҲʼƴ޵ʱϰ֡Ѿյͽܣ˵
۽̶ʲôһͻᣡ
˲ӰҲһγɹ๫յͽҲ̫ˣ龪ȵ̾
Ҫ֪Լǻµʱ䣬ǿʩչ˲ӰʱԼһЩıûûҹĵϰĸ¶£ڳɹ
ȴһԳɹ
ѱʱ䣬ԼĥʱͳͳϣǰҲʱѣ
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뵱꣬ҶɿΪԪϣʣѾñ޻˵ڣԪӤ۷Ϊ˷ĹȻ㶨òƸӿֲ
οǼ亱壡
ǿԽġ
ڵĶֻǿҧ壬㲻ġɡ
ȵ׶飬ɾʱЩǿһڣӣǻڵľҲ
ȵ񣬳ΪˣǾͲǼ򵥵ɶˣӵнֱ֮תΪ֮,
ΪʲôˣҲĽԭˡҪ쳣ӴһһӵпֲֻһҲ㹻һ˿֮˵ЩԶžˣ
֮Ǳޣ
˱ۣͬĵ˵ͷԼȥʮ򣬶ʣ¶һһǿ
ǣûϵǣԭʾͦҶɣǺõ˼㡣ⱬǿ
yinѪ֮֮ǰ׹ͻȻ쳣仯
ԭӲնû취Ūۼ׹ǣͻȻһ̣𡣺ܿ죬۳һӰ
֮
Ӱ֮ʯصĶ֮˵ѵ׹ǣиҪô
ˣȻͻɡӴȣΰ׹ǣƺûʲôرġ
ǣΰ׹ȴ˱仯ôƽ޹ʵİӰΰ׹֮УȻиε⣡
СӣǿĿȵ˵ΪڶԪһ㣬ȻͿԽа˲𣡡
ҶɺЩĪ
еİΰ׹ǣͻȻⷬģѾˡֵǣӰȻܿԼΪԼ˵ѲɣӰҲӵǣ
ִڵֶΣҶȫ㲻סӰһȷǱԷ˽䱸
ǰǲʲôҪҰ죿ûйĨǣҶֱ˵ʵ
ֿ죬ٺһЦϲ˵ûҪæ
һ仰Ҷɰ
ϣܾң
=======================
Ϸ½ڣǳǸָ163.ϵڱ
ǰǲҴˣҶɼ̯˫֣˼ģҲʲôˮƽҪȥ㣬ǳ˵Σ
ٺ٣Ϊ޹ءҡҡͷЦֻΪܾңȫøǿĿ顣ǣµĿ飬ֻԪӤǿ߾ͿɡȻֻҪõұϿɣҵӰͻ֡Сӣ֪֪Ϊʲô
ⲻϻҪ֪ԭҲ֮ˣ
Ҷ۾Ӱֶ֪˵
҆ˣԻգգ۾ǺЦðɣҾͳ˵һаˣұסӦǧˡҪһԺܸߣӵа֮ʿæ㣬ǺܺʵѡôСӣԸ𣿡
ǧꡭ
Ҷ˺һӡ
ǰʱôãȷı廹ţ
ȻԸĵ˵ͷҵһëԶ뱾ʮҲһܹӦĴ񣡡
ٴ
Ǻεȱ.̬ĴڣȻһëӵ˿ֲ
Ҷɼ֮ʯǳԾһƬңϰ춼ûܻع
ż
뱾֮˿ֲĸӦǵﵽ˼ˮ׼Ҳ
ֻоż񣬲ͨ
ţ֮ʯ̾뵽Ҷ׬ˡýָͷȥ룬֪λż󣬿϶ΪҶ׼ʲô˵Ķ
ţĵرУЩǿǾżóʲôĶ
֮ʯĿӰ𲻶ϵﴫߴԼʲôͷûشˡ
ǣ֮ʯޱƵǣӰȻʲôû˵
Ҷڵ˵ͷͬæֻӰһ⣬ҶɵڡȻϢģҲûκζ
˺һӣȷӰҲ֣֮ʯŴҴҸ䣬Ȼ󣬾ٶȣɵҶɵߡ
ɣ˵˵λǰʲôô
˿ѯʵ֮ʯٿڴĴ۾Ҷεҡҡͷ˵˵
Ρ
֮ʯˣ޷õ㣬ֱǶĥ
ҲƲƲ죬ǰҲ̫ˣѵڵʲô
ûϵĲ²ⲢûдΪ̶ȵıҶɡ
һغôʵ̫ˣǱˣҲ̰һϢ©ҶɶǿҲһ

ײͬ磬вͬôÿһôǰһǿö࣡һôһ˿֮ҶĬĬţЩ
һ˿֮ѾֻҪܽ䳹Ϳ϶Խ׶顣ڣԳΪʿ
滹иĺôÿһһ˿֮ǿöֱ࣡콵ƣɵҶɲ
֮࣬ҶҲЩȸС
Ϊȣֻӳȥһ޹ǣ,
ʮ֮ǣɢããǳֻҪҪʿпܻЩô
ԣ˺ڰ׹֮еһ˿֮ôǶһݶġҲ˵ôʿõˣҲûҶɵķݶ
ӰڽҶɵҶ֪ȥİûһʿҪ󡣵ǣǰãһңԶһʿﵽҪ
üӱŬҪȻѼҲߣҶɰţǣôҪȥܵõ֪
Ҷɿ˿֮ʯӦòΥ棬ǣʵǰ֪֪
򣿡֮ʯһ£û˵ӦúԶɡ
֮ʯĴ𰸣Ҷɵһ
ôȻôõģȲô֮࣬ɡҶεҡҡͷʼרһ˿֮
һʼҶɾͺȻ֣һ˿֮ǵӴоȻŸĸ
Щ޷ġǣ֮һһıԼҶɾ;ãԼĸԽԽ
ͷһҶʩչһ򵥵ϵʱסˡ
һֱһɵ׵򣬺Ȼָ֮ϣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣҶ̲סͺһ
ùܶΣÿҲֻŪһߴС׵ڣڣȫһ
ǣڣ֮ȫ˵ڶԪ񣬱ΪûԱ仯ȴŪô׵
Ǹ֮ʯҲǳ򵥵˵ԽʩʱʾԽߡԣŪȹȥ౶׵Ҫϸ˵ôҪöࡣֺôֻᣬԴɣһ׬ˣ
˿ޱȼ֮ʯҶ΢΢ЦЦҪ֮ʯ֪ʵֻŵĵһô֮ʯֻἤʲôģ164.ߵķɽ
һ˿֮Ҫܳʱ䡣ҶɴԹһٶȣҪʮҵʱ䣬ȫϡ
ȻԼ֮ﾲʮꡣԼϣ֮ʯҲˡ
ڣ˿֮ѾԼΪ㲻Ҳһ˳ǣҶվ˵ǳȥ麣ۣ֮
ȴûһҶɵļͷǣĿŹֵĶҶɿ
֮ʯǺЦСӣҪȥɧҵġ
ΪʲôҶɲķʵȫ룬ûʲôס
Ҷʣ֮ʯͯĴҲٽˡ
Լȥ߾֪ˡĩˣ֮ʯһǧСģ
֪֮ܲʯ˼ûİ֮ʯһۣҲûҪ֪ӵȻ֮Ů˳ӵȻ֮ȴëǡҶһҲڵʵɽҲûܹ˵õ
ֻҶʮƣţⲻɽɵû˴Сʲô
Ҷʺŵĳȥˣģ˷ɽ
ɽһѣʿ˲أĲࡣǣֻҪܻģľΪΡδ֮·Ҳƽ̹ࡣ
ɽҲˡ
Щ֮ԵøӵĿˡΪҲ˳Ҷɵ۹⣬ɽѾͻ׽𵤾ף
ʶˣҶҲΪɽеˣǺЦţϡ
ȥɽ֪ԼҶɡҲǺһЦת׼ͻȻ
Ц̣۾ԽԽ󣬱ԽԽ֣
һı鰡ĽмʣǷߺޡûѾ۾ͺˣʱ׼ҧϼڣ
Ҷɾ;ãһɺͷ৵˽ŵװ塣Ȼٴӽŵװ৵һӻͷ
ôˣ
ûҶŪ⣬ɽһŮӣżͯͯŮˡֻƳҶһۣͺ˷һͻȻɱһӾͰ⼸ϼѣǷ̥СӣֱӸ˹ȥ
ȻҶɾ;ֵĿŮͨ죬۷ŹĳԼ˹
Ů޵ӵͻȻӦҲ׵ȼ˷ɽŭ
ֻһ֣ͰŮӸӳȥʮԶ˹ȥȻ󡭡
ܼķͳͳܹʩչǿһһҡǼƣͺҶĳУ
ûҶɴһϽ׶ܷɽĹϣҶɰ㷢ʲô裿
Ҷɣ
ɽһ£һ㡣ǣת֮䣬͸ˡ
ৣ
һԴԴϵӹͺЩˮ׼ȫǲֵǮķֽ
Ҷˡ
ڶԪѾнΪȻ̶ֳȵĹǣԲԾȥ˭֪ɽӳʲôΪĵһɱܻǻеġ,
ˣ
ԥģҶɳСض졣
ǣɽȴ׷ᣬٳ˹СضĽƺ˵ãȻɽѾŲ۷ڵΪһʱҲ޷ơ
ɽǷŭģҶҡҡͷһֿͨռ䣬뵽֮
ҶƵĻ֮ʯЦôܺɡ
ʲôģ
ͼҶɣ֮ʯĺŪҡͷ
ǰЦˣ׷ʲô飿
Ϊʷ˱仯Ȼ֮壡֮ʯЦûа취䣬Ů˿ᷢգ˿ᷢ㲻ɧҵĻûʵʵΪˣܿסȻ֮˵
Ȼ֮壡
һʱ䣬ҶɺȻ˱
ǿӦôȻ֮塣
μʱֻΪȴܳɹ塣ǳùƯˣһɴô
Ҷȴ֪ʵԼߣѾĬĬԼʮ꣡
Ҷɸ֪ǣ𿿵һ麱ǣѹס塣û˱ǵҲ޿κΡ
룬ҶʵǰҪߵΪܿסȻ֮壿
ҪȻ֮жǿˡ֮ʯӦһ㻯ԪӤھͿշ硣ǿ
˵˵ţ֮ʯȻͣסˡ
ҶƵʵǿΣ
֮ʯûлش𣬷ʵɣӰûи˵סǺηʥ
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ǣһȥһ¼ˣҶü˵ѵ϶ңϳҲУ
У㲻£ǧҪԣ֮ʯȻ˵ҲˣõڶԪûһ£Ҳ
ȻڶԪҲԼչ岻ͬõڶԪûȥĸܾЩŤ
ǣ֮⣬ƺҲûʲôð취ˡҶĵ˵ͷֻǿͬ⡣
ҶȴûϵΪʱ޷ȥˣԣԼ˵ıܿ˵ĵһͻϮȵЩǧ࣬ڷҶɵı֮ʱҶѾֵܹһӽǺǿա

ǿиɽŮӷһ鵤Ҷɾ㣬뿪ɽɡҶɲ֪ǣ뿪ɽûãһŵĿڤʿȻ˷ɽߡ
ٽң
һƮƮòϵĿڤʿƾճ˷ɽߡɽĻڴ츣ضؽƣƺȫǰ衣˵ڤʿĽ룬Ѷûзһ
ոѹķɽһΪĵϮǣ˷ŵһ䱦̨ʱĶ
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˵Ϊɲ⣬ǵʦǿ󣬱ǰҪö࣡
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ѵʦ˵ŵ֮Ʒ̨
ɽκεĵ飬ϽѶ֪ͨʦ
ܿͻˣΪǰʲô鼱ԼǣǱ̨λڤʿʱҲһϽǰ˵ϡ
죬ţ
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ɡһ֣һʾȫɡ˼⻭ϵŮӣ֪⻭ŮйصϢͨңͣ
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ոսᣬûü˵мǣϢܸκˣŵѯʣҲ͸¶֣ҴһƣϢ÷ƣһһʱϹ,
˵ţһӲӵķƣɵǰ
΢΢һ㶣Ӧһ˫ֽƸ
̬ȹĵ˵ͷǱ̨ٿ֮䣬ʧӰ٣֪ȥ
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֮Χѽ⣬֪ġǣôɶŵΧΣȴһ֪ڣ˼ƺڲЩ顣һˣȻͨʿϢ
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УƯŮʤǣЩƯŮ޵ŵȫһҲ⻭ŮӰ֣
ȫ󲻳侹ȻŮӡһʱ䣬Ȼʧأ̲סָҪḧһǻеŮӡ
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һʱ䣬𾪵һ仰˵166.ؼңϣ
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ԣŵλšڣڿѰһŮ޹£һġš
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µĳʵ̫ˣЩͲһϼһҲ̲סȫ˳Ҫ͡
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ʱѾǰһˡ²⻭֮еŮӣǺηʥʱϲ
϶ΪɽͻѣʵԶۡ벻֪ս֮ɽʣʿΪǣϻƿ
Ĳûдǣ֪ԼɽɵĻȻһħ֮ħǺڸķͣȻħ֮ħȥ֪᲻ÿ¼Ѫ

һȻɽվԼ󡣶ɽһŮӣҲڲԶ
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ԼΪʿʧһǣΪķɽԼǸŮޣҪ߻ħ
ǣһͷɽǸڵӣȴö˶˵վûκ߻ħļ
ɽᣬľΪǰ쾪ȵ̾һ䡣
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鵤е㲻š
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ҶɸġɽЦţҶ㣬˹
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첻ɵõһֲɵõ
˵ҪȥѰȻ֮İ취ɲװԸȥң᲻ʲôӣУҵ֪ͨϹȥ
֪Ҷɸǳʲôӡʱ˿̣ıʵʵ֮ǱޡߵģǻûɱģĵڶԪ
ʦǱߣҶҲǰȥ͡ԣȻյĴѶҲֻһЦ֮ûȥҶɡ

ƿƳǡ
ڳһ£ڶԪûɱòһϮҶɣ˹ٵ,
ƳĹٵɿֱٵϳٵ̡̡߲̣󣬺ò֡ЩϤĳ֮УҶɾ÷ǳУһůůĸо
ʮˣֻˡ
Եĸ㣬һϸϸƷһ߳ƳȥſڣһȺΧŸʾ˽ҶɵȤҲûȥԶԶվţһͿ˸ʾϵݡ
ƳֹҶɲȻʧЦ
ȱͲγɣУҲʢĵطƳ˿ܼʢĵطûйȳû
оϲʿʹˣǸʾдѾ˺ЩӣѶԱ⡢Ա⡢ԱֵǼȮȴûһĸĵʿйϹڣ
װŪˣҶҲѾ˵١
ǺЦҪйȣҪôɱҪôץǮʲô϶ǼƭǮˡ㲻ãװŪģƭǮˣһѡ
зҶҲûʱᣬŲ߽Ƴǡ
һǣͿˡ
Ųſڽӻˣ
ǡŲ۾ϣȴֲϣŪˡ
ôϲˣҶɺǺЦСɰϵĽҵûỹҴ²Űɡ
СɣŲ죬ϲЦʮûˣ׳ˣǳκˡһµģ˺ü֡С˲ɲҵĽˣ
ǺǣˣˣСɳҶɹЦţ˵ŲæȻؼҼҵȥ
ôûؼңǾ͸Ͽ߰ɣҵĳŲߺԼҵĳʽӲҪҶ167.ؼң£
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Ųܵ߻˼ݳҶɣǱ߾ͷԸҶұѶȥˡҶɸ˳ҶӿһȺˡǰģҶɵ衣
ɶˣҶɹڵأĿ˼ͷ
ԼĹֲĸײġ
֮ʱĸ׻ʮ꣬޾˰׷ڣֻʮĸףͷǸϸˡ
ããͺáĸײ۽ǵˮҶɷ˵˵ô꣬ôǹֲκ𣿿ɱʲô
ԱߵļͶЦ˷ģүοͷǿȥ״Ԫˣ
ĸҲ˵Цţͺ˲ʱ˺üꡣ
˲ҶɵĸҶҲӵϻˡүط꣬һ̾
ѽ˵ˣ˰ɣ³ЩóԵģ˵˵ţĸͻȻվҪȥ
ҶɱѾڶԪǽ𵤾磬ﻹҪԶǣĸһƬ⣬ȴܾ
ȥˣԷһЩҶɴӴóһƿ鵤ݸĸס
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١ҶЦŻشֻҪÿڷмһЩСȫޣУٿԻһ꣡
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ҶһƿȴʿרΪơȻ絤˵鵤࣬˳ƽͣʺϷ˵زʱáЩɢޣмû׼˵ģܶŵӣҲͬвˡؼʡʱһЩԱü尲,
ЩҩҶΪ׼
Ҷ֣صĽǳɫƿպãȻʵɶҲˣ
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ǼҲֹˣҶɫһҪ˭װŪǵԼͷˣ顣
û룬Ҷҡҡͷ˵ǳǶԱֹ
ԱңҶЩͿҶòƸûʲôϵ
ȴҶ΢΢һ죬˵ɶҲ֪Դ֮ҲûСһֱû֪Ҷ¶ҶҵѪҪȢ檣ԡ
ԣҾжˣҶգգ۾ǺЦ֪ﰡģɵðݼһ¡
ȥˡҶ΢˵ǶԱŮΪֹﲡˣڿջסȥһ¡
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ȥҶ˵ϣŻֹҲмɳץҪͣʱͰһ֡
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˺ö֪ǰһģȫˣҲûеҹץҶ˵ţ¶һ˿ı飬ֻլתƳǾҪˡ
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ʿҲˣʡ
ЩɳҶʵ
ûҶҡҡͷ˵ǣǵ˽ܵġ˵ʲôڤڵɳóץ
ڤڣѲɣĻ֮ʿ
ҶɸӲˣԼȫͬ
Ƴôʢѵȣ⵹ˡҶɰţʮڴҹĵ

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Ҷɶ˶լ
ԭҶŵͶӹǣҶɵļȰ£ֻܷ˼䣬ĿҶȥ˶լ
ԶԶģҶɾ;쵽լ
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Ҷ΢΢һЦҲЩ˼ƽϡ΢΢һΣ˾ͽ˶լ

ٲŵøֵأڵءȻ󣬸ȥǸֵľԶܡ
ʲôΪ׵׳ȻҲЩ£ǣȴȵɳ壬˲ǣҽȥɳһ֮
׳һȣ⼸ٲŲٻҡǸ׳ڵĴ˶լ,
һȥ˾ɵˡ
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Ѹֵٴأٲ壬彩ֱȫ֪ôźˡ
ǼٲȻе׷Ҷɲɵüֹ鴦͸ŹŹ֣Щܹ͵ġ
뿪Ҷ˵
ڤʿ飬̾Ҷɵ˼ǸϽ̧ͷǼٲеǸϽߣλǰڣǰæˣ
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լֻʣҶɣԼڵϵڤʿ
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ʲô֣Ҷɳʵ
Ÿյûʲô֡һʿϽӦ
ģҶߵûκη֣ǻҪƭң
ʿϽ˵ƭǰǵϵ˵зӡȵķǲŻϵƳ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷȥˣ򶡼һ԰ȥ˵֮
һǻ԰Ҷɾüͷ
ԱⰮкܴһ԰ЩӼֹҶֻ뿪԰ĻΪϣ紵ӦǴůٻŵʱԺȴǴ죬һƬɪưܵģ
⻨԰룬һСĳʱ˿̣һֵߵģӳײţֻ˵Щʲô
ֵǣΪʲôԼڻ԰ȴûʵϣԼڶԪΪҶңҲӦܹصĽ
һоҶԽ֡ΪͲʲô169.ⷢ
Ȳޣνޣʵǹȸƶ񶯶졣ҶʱҲܳˣܿжϳ⡰񶯡
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ЩʿٵĻǸֻǲ֪ûЩ󷨣
ҶţʵȴҲûʲôȤȥоĿƽˮ档
ǿʶ˳šޡ·Ѱȥˮصĵײһصѷ죬֡
˵ѷأΪȻʱʱϣȴûһˮСҶҲûѷ츽ʲôˮ󷨣ȫ㲻ףΪʲôˮһȥ
Ҷɣʶѷ졭
Ҷɾˣ
϶֮󣬾һƬأ
Ҷȫ֪ӦԼĸоض죬ϹؾԼҲͳͳˡǣЩطӴһٱһǧҲǰľ
һŽһŵĻǣųβڵĿռ䡣ÿһŵҶɵ顣оֻҪκһŻײϣ˵ԼԼڵ磬Ҳҷ𣬲ڣ
ǣƫƫоκ


ҶɾĲÿֲ
һЩ޴ĻͻȻʧһŷŵľ޴ţҶɵǰ
ϸȥŷ֮ϣ鲼С㡣еǵĺɫеȴͷ׵߲ʡȻɫâÿһĹ߶ǣҶȴܹǷֱ
ЩСʲô
ͺܸӦҶɵ˼ƵãȻٱ䡣һž޴ľ򣬺׵ĺȻҶǰ
ҶľΪܸߣҲʶ˵ԶԶΪ֮¡ǣ˶ϢĻ̲ס˼
ڶһ԰֮ڤʿһֱ͵͵עҶɡǰҶɻֻڷͻȻ֮䣬ǾͿҶɡڡ˼ʿɵôʧɫ
涼µĹȣ
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ǰҶɣֳһʶ۲ܣҲʱʱһڤʿǣڣȫͻأĴˣڤʿܵˣûз֡
ʲôҶ
Ȼ֮䣬һ֣뵽һֿԡ
ѵǸ̫һľ޴򣿣
͸ССһѷ죬Ȼܹ̫һ޴ҶɽŽɡϾֻֿһͨѷ졣ûû󷨼ûκйصĺۼ
ǣ룬Ҷɲ֪׻ʲô͡
޷ƵģҶɻһſŻǣŷš,
ѵЩǣкֱײǳ
ѵŷϣɢŵľһſ貵ǣ
ҶȫԼĴ󵨲סˣ͸һѷ죬Ȼܹ棡
ҶɱԼĲסʱǵѷĳٴη仯
Ĺ㣬ΧһޱȵڸתҶɺܿ;ķ֣ЩܽĹ㣬תٶȾȻҪԶԶԼܴﵽٶȣ
Լʶǿ󣬻һʶʿƾֻܿһȦ
ĬĬĿһһ㣬ԴԴϵĳǴޱȵڡҶܹĸоÿһȥ󣬾ͻһЩٶȸӾ˵Ķ׳ǣҶڵʶˮ׼ȴ׽Щ׳ĶֻܹԼоƺЩӵۺޱȵ
ѵ֮ʼ
Ҷɲٿȥĳ̫֪Ĵ𰸡
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ռѷ죿ɣ֮Уôֿܳռѷ죿
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Ҷ˵ʣ֮ʯٽͣѾܹȷţԼղŵĲ²Ⲣûд
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ֹ֮ʯߵˣҲ˵ԼʶȫòοֻǾһƳˣҲˡ֮ǸϽռѷӡһòȶ˵ССķƳǣϻҲᱻ̵
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ӡϣǡޡ֮Ҳ漴ʧ°170.үүԸ
֮ͨʯĽͣҶף⡰ޡôһˡ
ԭˮصײĿռѷ첢ȶϵռ䣬ùѸ١ѹ֮ͬ£Ȼصġޡ
Ϊʲô֮ǹ֮ͻʧΪռѷԸˣûκιϵ
ЩĵʿضЩʶڴһЩ淨ڷʿ֮ҶɵļʶΪұѷ֮ľˣοЩֻȷǿһĵʿ
ֻװŪģƭȡǮơһ淨ģŷˡ黹ǵҶεҡҡͷ
ո˵ԱԱҲֹǾζţҲڿռѷ졣ȻԱҵ£Աҵĺ¯ҶַСȵĿռѷ졣
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ƹ˳ˣҶҲһòׯԼҪСϼഺٸ
ѹϰֻ죬һ滨ѹ
Ѿͷ׷ĸףٿɫεĶҶɲɵ͵Цȴޱ֣صģݼλĶ
ҪȥүүɨĹˡ
һ뵽ΪԼĹֲүүŻ徣Ҷɾͱģ̲סҪޡ˷ǰҶͨһڵأصĸүү˼ͷ
үү𣿷ɶ֮·ˡ󣬷ɶҲŬһṼ
ڶԪүүͷ֮ҲȻˣۿģһſŵ
֪ҶڸүүɨĹǣȴ֪ҶΪʲôĳӡ
Ҫ֪ȻҲ顣ǣϾ־ᡣûرߵ־ͣײ
ѾҶɿԼķ̲סƳһ֮ʯ
ñ˵֮ʯҲ֪˼ŻʵɣҽүүĹ£𣿡
֮ʯʻ״ҶɵĻϻӡӼʱ𣬸үүһʱĵεΣȫǵͺЩͷ졣
ҽҩ֮·ݵʮүﻶۣΪ˾ӶԶǣΪ˸·۳御
һ£Ҷ渵ţҲɵÿˡһ̣δİְ֡衣
ڻŮһ̿һǣ,
ĬĬԸವһӣ֮ҶɵڶԪߡ
ȻȻظ׵Э飬ԳԭΡǣǹģүүĹ˼ͷ
ͻȻ֣ǰҶһǿ֪ĶȻſڶӵԱߣĳĹ˼ͷǾĪ֪⶯ﵽǺΪλͷ
ҶɵȻҲûϵһ㣬ȱͷƵʵҸүүͷôҲͷ
ûлشƳƳվںҶˡ
Ҷ׹վʾվԼȻ΢ЦŸ˽͵𣬶ԣͨԡްɡ
ʲôޣ
𲻽ɴ۾̲סҪȥҶɡ룬ҶүүĹǰǸӺˡǣߺſҶɼϣӦ
ԭްȻ
Ҷ²ɵ̾ǵñۡ
̾һҶĿҶүӵĹ˵ɶ֪֪үүԸʲô
ʲôҶɺķһ䡣
үү֮ʣϣԼȥġȥүүԸȻ
ȻҶ̾˿˵үүԸǣܿȢϱܰǴӡ

ͻȻ֮Ҷе㲻֪˵ʲôźˡſϵıǲãͱҶĻõϡץҶɵķۣסʱһͱͨͨ171.ħϣ
仹С²ҶЦ
ﻹСʮˣҶ۾һɣ˵ΪǹֲͿȢϱˣ
ҶɺǺЦԪͦٽ顢ӣȱȽǡ
ꣿҶˣҶһͼˣУȻˣչ黹ҶĶӣҶҵĶӣҶҵĴУ㲻ܲܰɣ
û飬ҶɲЩΡ
ʵղԼ˵ģǿǵ׵Ľˡ
֮ܶʿѹͲ顣ʦ죬ɽĶӣȱȽǡ
ŮʿסһˣҲн飬֮Ϊ˫ޣһҪӡ˺ӣȷܶ໶֡ͬģҲںܶһʿ˵Լ鷳
ҲԭĴ弫亱ϻСطɴûܸɽᲢ۵ļ塣
ǣô׽Ͳźأղֻش𣬶Ѿǵøżˡʵгǻᱩף
Ҷԥԥģû˵ҶżǣӱϾѾˣҲƲá֮£Ҷֻð½飬ʵɶǲǻûˣ
ԺӰӵ֣Ҷǲ¶һЦ⣬ҲûС
УûУҶ챻ӸŪͿˡ
ҶɺǺЦһŮӣɶΪͶԵǣʱֿˣҲ֪ʲôʱټ
Ҷ˵ľԼҶɵһ׿ڳϣԼͶԵЩ
ȻѾҶһôˣǣΪ׵Э飬ԼȴʼղŮƷζʲôǰ£ʲôٺ۷磬һеһУԼԵ
Ӳ˵һίûУǴƭˡĸŮһĿ֮ʿ˭ġ
ǣҶɵһ仰;ãﰵŵЩίƺһȫûˡ
ոʡ
ڱãպʣµʱҶһ仰ˡ
Ҷü˵ˣ˵ýȢ檣λÿţλӣ
ҲӦ͵ãиԶֶŮ귽ʮ壬òû˵ÿ׵ģ̤ҵżͷģ˭á֡ɩ֪ôźأڿˣɶˣ˭ܸ
ʲôȢ檣
ʱеСˡ
Ҫ⿴ҶȢ檣һѾ˼ܸʲô¿ɺã˼ˣȴ˸귽ʮķСѾͷѲɣǶԸ˼ķϼΣ
֪ǣֹŸôźʱɽһ±ϣ˼ڷ˵ɱ䣡

ټɽɵӣŮġһһӡ
ʿ⻭֮ϾŮӣĳֻ̾˼ʱסˡ,



ֻһۣ˼;ãһصҪƴǿ
ۣ
˺ѷεۣ
ɫˢһӱò԰ףת֮䣬ֱû졣ƶСĺ飬ϵĴӿ˳һ򣬾ͽϵķ۽͸ʪ
˼Ȼ֪ʪ͸ڽ֮ϣԼѾէйҧأĺţšȴ޾ʹҲ͸¶˿˿⡭
ȻȻˣ
첻ɵüͷ壬ָһһľ鵤ɵ˼ߡ
جج֮£˼;ͱһ˿һ鵤˳źܣ˶
鵤ڻһɳǵĺ⣬ȫȥ˼̲ס˺ǿ۾һۿģΧʿӵĿ⡣
ôˣ˼һ
˼ʮԻʱ֮һϵ
˼ľˮ׼̫
ţ
˼ӳԾ̧ͷ֪Ŀɫ졣
߲ΪȻһȻ֮޷ֵľˮ׼ǵΪΪ˵ȥսþ꣬ú÷ʡһϵ⣡
ǣǡ˼Ӧţȴʮֻҡ
ұȻˣıȻˣ
ﲻ߽ţ˼վʶĳʩ˸Ȼ󣬽鸡ĳսڵķȥ
ʬһ˼üͷԽĽˡ
ѵˮȥǸĵطľˮ׼Ҫɻھͺˣһ
ϵõ˼ǵľˮ׼ǡǡ෴Ѿ˴ԾıԵֻһδԾɽ˵ǸǻǾͺ˵172.ħ£
ɽܴ󣬺ܶطЩһ֪Ĵڡ
ǣһطκһɽɵӶ֪
սþ£
ɽɵĸض죬ļ紺ǣȴƫƫôһط䣬رη޶ܡݲһƬš
սþ£
һɽɵӶηĵط
ҲһɽɵĴĵط
η壬ΪȫͲ˴ĵط־ʿһʱ̶ȥ
ΪֻҪܴ߳ͱضΪɽɵľӢӣǰ;
˼鸴ӵվھϣĺХεۡ
£ĥľĵط˼ᰴڷ棬һ˼ԼòĻӺ촽֮УҪʲôľ
ʲôӵľ
ľࣿ
˵Ļ
⻰ʲô˼
һʺţʶԾԻ˼顣
ǣֵģޱ˼ȴû˿֮ɫͺЩͲ⡣ͺ񣬺ܾúܾ֮ǰԼ֪ЩĴ𰸡ֻʱԼûмˡ
뼡ǣڵѪȴģҲ֮ԽԽ䡣
Ѫ䣬䣬ͻ֮սᡣϾ˼ֻʿѪ档
ǣ˼ȴһ˵ĵĳС
Ը˹ȥֵ̹磬ſ˫ۣҪȥӵ̹ǵ磡Ȼãηľ£Ȼĸض죡

ԶĬĬע˼һһ
һսÿһĵӣɽɵĶ
ο˼ִⳤϵĶŮû֪꣬λⳤȹ
ɽɵǰʧ̬˼ԣ˼䵽Σյľ
ǣȴʹ˷βܡ˼סµĴ̹磬ܲ˾µļ໷ԥĳ֣˼Ȼ
ڣķ֣ǵóȥȡǡǡ෴˼崺վھϣӭǱ̹ǵ磬ſźɰ۵˫ۡ
Ŀһʱȷ˼ȷΣաҡͷ΢΢ЦѵĻԵ
Ļδȫ紵ɢѾʧӰ١

˵û˼ĴԵ
ѿħȴͻȻֵıѹơʿҲħͻɢˡǣ˼ħ֮УȴǹŹִʯһ˿
ӵһ˿ħǿһıȴûȫʩչȻ֮˳˼ħǵûоʹʧǿò
ÿһµѿͻᱻǲǿȻɡÿһα֮󲻾ãħֻǿٴηѿ
Դ뿪ҶĶͲ߲ݵĳš˼ԼûвԼȻʱ޿̲,
뿪Ҷֻ֮ʱʱĻеۡʶҲʱʱĻĳӰӰģģģУ˼ΪЩֻԼĻþ
ǣ˼ǷŮͼһӾըˡ



д˼ڵȻ֮Ҳ޷ħոѿħһӾͳ׼һļ䣡
ЩӰ񣬲ǻþЩӰ񣬾⻭֮ϵŮӣ
Ůӣʹ뿪Ҷɣ
Ůӣʹ

˿˼ֻƳһǷǣ˼ڣħŰʶԪ
ΪħŰŻôʧ̬ŻᱻʿӣŻ᲻òľ£
̹ǵ磬һһϴˢ˼˼еޱȵĳ졣
һְĳ죬һػĳ졣ʱ˿̣˼ѾףԼʲôԼӦҪȥЩʲô
Ȼ֮ȥɣ
ǲȻ֮ѹƲס˼ħʱ˿̣Ŀ粻ϳ£⵽ħˡ
ʱһһεţ˼ôſ˫ۣվ
֪ƣ롣
֪
Ӳ֪˶೤ʱ䡣
ڣȻ֮Ҳ޷ֵħ˫عˡգ֮䣬Ӵͱ˼ħɵһɶ
Ҫʲôľ
һʶи֣˼΢΢Ц
ɣħ
촽£΢ŵͺبŵٻԼ
Լ֫
ԼѪ
Լ꣡
ħ
ʱ䣬˼ܱռ䣬173.Ĺ
ʱ˿̵ı֪ΪһԼĳ嶯ԼŪһǱŮħͷ֪ΪŮħͷԭ㰲ȫԼս
ڵıŵģôӦǰҶɵȢ֮¡
ȥȻˣﵲסҵ϶ġ
дžһ£УһǵҶ˷УǸô죿ɻǺܹ˼ҵġ
ڱΪѣ֪ôźʱҶһķ
׼ȷ˵Ѿʵʩ
һ鵤ϰഺﻳˡ
һУôͻȻ
һУȴֽôȻ
ΪҶ޺ҶҪҶȢ檡
ΪСӵĻУּȻȻĵõһ̶ȵ⡣
οΪ˵Ķĵıֻ֤Ҫڷ鵤Ϳ۷оҶҲٱҶɳˡ
һصҶɵıߡ˾Ĵ֮Ǳޣ
ҶɵĵڶԪҶסµʱ䣬뵽Ҳ꣬Ҷİݱĸٴ·ˡ
бԴԴϵĽ֮ڶԪ̿Ϊָܹͬº󣬵Ҷ뿪ϻ붫ʱڶԪΪѾ嵽˽𵤰˲㣡
ϻǿҲͱϻࡣǣƫƫôһԴȴ٣ԣ練ϻࡣҲԭ򣬵ººŻѡȥѡ
ʮûººҶȻҲЩֻԼҪҪ죬ôȴûʱȥѰҡȻĪ⣬˶û죬ԼͺܴɵٴκҶû뵽ǣȻԼ˾˵ջ񡭡

찡ʲô
̫ˣ
ººǰһʱȵýг
ǰºٵʱżȻ䷢һȱĵͼȻѾȱǣ̺ȴȻºĶѡ
ºĶǣȱĵͼƺ붫ٺٺɽЩǣʱ䣬ұٺɽÿһ䣬ҵһڡ
ĵطȻһĹѨ
Ҫ֪ˣҪôʱɱҪôǱɱ˻塣ȻģһҲͲҪŪĹء
֪ȱͼصĵطȻһͷ̵ĹѨººôĳԾˡǣû뵽ǣǴĹѨʱľǳԾýг
һȺɭɭãֱվĹѨ֮Сǲǳгеվųһصƣ
һѲḷ́Щ֮дôһ塢ȻоѹǣѾҪͻһºѾ£Ȼðźǰһ,
Ҳ֪վ˶ã˲ŶסʶɨһĹѨĸ䡣
էȥƽĹǽϣһϸǳĻơººΪЩҲŹֵ󷨵һ֡ǣоһʱ֮ŷ֣ЩƣƺĳϹ֡
ѵϹţº˫Ȼˡ
ϹţջɾʹˡҪ֪ĿǰšƮڣǿһβȱϹŷң
񡣡ҡҡͷϹԣЩƵд񣬸Լ˽ĲһºȰЩ¼ǻȥо
º˵ͷӴóһ򣬿ʼЩǽϵĻơ
ºϸǽϵĻƵʱºȻĹѨе㲻Ծ
¿Щֱ֮⣬Ĺ餣ܵĳ裬ƺûʲôصģͨ˵Ĺʽ޶¡
ȵȣ
͵طӦ
ǧʷĹѨôܸڶͨ˵Ĺʽ޶£
Ϊ߶ԣǧʱ䲻ת˲ǣڷӶԣǧʱ䣬ͻĿȫǣ
ȻûзΣգʱϵĹŹַȴȴûɵһȵºСģ
ûºعһ䣬һúĦƵͻȻд˳
𣿼ȻˣͲҪˣ
̴ľƳɵĹײĸǺһӴ˿һͷɢӣȻ
ͬʱֻ꿦꼸죬ղŻվһãȻȫˣ174.ٺ
ꡣ
ˮֹסʡ
ۣ
һµˮ֮Сǰȴ޷赲ۼҪǱǰ
У
½Ľº§ڻУӲ泯죬ǰʮԶ
ʱϵˮϵˮ͵ϵˮһͷֲ¿ᰮͷҲѾմ̫ཬۻ಻
ǣ¸ûʱʩºǰܣܣƴź
ºסһҪסһ㣡
Ժոշ飬Ŀ
ͻȻðǸһΪߣҲǽº֮ģˣȻºĴǲûоûжΣա
ǣһ֣䣡
һָһָºƷܾķѣ
һָȻֻһָºıԪķѣ
֮£ºȻϧȼԪʩչԶԼΪϵȻˣҲֻסǾһָ
һȺüӣȴֵֻ
֪ϵʱ̫º϶Ԫ񾡷٣ɢ˿顣
һ䱦৵ӳ
һռķವļȥ
ȫȥˣʲôʡʲôڼͳͳԺģºͣȼԪط
ǣƴбڸºһ˳֮󣬸һĹºڵأιʳκ鵤ҩ޼£
Ԫɢ
Ԫ鵤ҪԪ鵤
Ŀºž򡪡ٺ򣬷ɱȥ

ɽΪٺ
ɽ࣬״󺣡ɽ֮ǣʴˣΪٺɽ
ٺɽУݺᣬˮϵݺύγ˼Ѵӡʱ˿̣Ҷ˴һ˳¡Ҫ󴬣ֱ붫ǰĪ麣ۣ֮
⴬ȻҲʲô֮ұҶȡ֮еƷľ֮ʯطƶɡ䣬öԼһЩƷʯʹҿеĺ޶µĴ󴬣ΪһƷ
ŵ˵ҶĿǰΪֹǿһ
Ҫ֪ʱΪͣǴһѣɷȴһûдȻ޲ðԼõĶȫøҶɣɷȴζòġ
ʦ͸˵ˣԸֻѣô͵𷨱ͽܡ
ΪֹԼǿı֮ϣ컶˷羰ģҶϲٺˮ硣
ҶԸ֮⣬֮ϻһЩûε塣Ϊߣ൱Сͽʿˮ׼ǱʲҲġҶɽǴߣʱʱָָһЩ鵤ҩ֮ٶҪ켸֡
Щ֮⣬һˣһʿȥɵ麣֮۲Զ,
ʿ棬߲ΪǶһɵƽ̡
Ҷɽǰ麣ۣ֮ԭǲʲôġʱйһЩȻΪûʲô˵ĳɼʶȴѰ滹Ҫ֡һʵ޻Ĵ󴬣;Ѫڡоͺλǰһ㡣
һ뵽ֻܿһԵԼѾ߲Щͷ棬ǿľ̲ס
һҪץסᣡ
ǣѾ˼뷽跨ĽӽЩûε塣
һʼҶɸ¶棬ô档ֱһ죬ڸЩʱż˵ɵŶġ
ʱ˿̣Ҷеɢڴ󴬵Ĵͷ򹧹һԣ˵ķ飬ԼЩǰ˵¹¡
ʱӭʻ󴬡ˮƺװźصĶ
ԭٿĺӵϣÿһʱ䣬ͻҴ󴬣ҶҲȥᡣǣһȴȤĿ˹ȥ
еĴȻҶ΢΢Цʵ棬ϵļҵĴ𣿡
涨˿˵ӦٺҵĴ
ôͭʲôҶʶһɨҴװŵĻȻȫͭ
Ӧóϲе֮ͭƻ
ŶҶԽȤˣû뵽һСС֮ϣȻмա
Ҫ֪֮ҪųƲڳɽɣҲûѧϰղ˵ٺǿʿҲѡû뵽Ȼмӵȱ¡
ҶɶҺܸȤ澫ˡһҶɾȵĻ˳175.ٺ
ƽһΣ¹ڵϣĲͣͷ
عĸ¹ģȴֻССͽʿ
Ų۷ΪͽʿǷط쳣ķԻĿɿڴǣڶٺٺʿȴû˾ʲôֵġ
Ϊͽʿȴ鹣дһġ롱֣
ٺң
˵УǼҸһЩǿʦйԣǼӵһЩѰʿ鵤ҩ
磬Ԫ鵤
ߵºѾǳ࣬ˡɫӣҲһۿӡ
ΪǿʶʿܿԪɢף
Ԫ鵤ʲôЦңⶫҲ쳣
һЩ˽ʿüõˣŮȫù
Ȼŵͽʿ¸òͷˡ֮ڵϵºͿҪˣǰȻרΪ鵤ʿµƫšٲ˻ܵ𷣡ǣһû˵ߣߣ˵ٴˣԪ鵤
²Բֻǿͷ
ʵϣݵĲСһϡ˵⣬ó˼еĲƸ֮ϾͰ¸ºɨسš
ǺԥġɨسšԳһ¡
ʮĥ£²Ϊ˲٣۹ҲǿࡣλϣԼļܸȤԪ񵤣һ
ǣΪʲôǰǸϳˣ
²ֻ֪֪һʱ֮ڣŪԪ񵤣ºͻ
ȣ»ֻվ⣬ϵϣϣܸ׼
ǣһƬžͺʲôû
ʱһһεĹȥºֻʣ²ʱʱڻˡ˲ͣĿͷȫ벻ʲô
²֪ǣϿͷʱ򣬴棬һرķҲԽԽꡣ
ôûĹţϵĴһСʹͷ
ҩõıԺ˽լƽʱˣͻЪϢɨ͸ȫһĸ֪λϣȻԺͲһСʹͷ
ԽԽʱСʹͷһ΢ζһӣȻϵǰ
һİɫۣⷨŵѹе㴭ĸоƯе㲻񻰡رǹڰ׾ƤС֡ԼԼţСһݵа
ֻһۣϾ˵ڵأݼ棡
ɡ浭˵˵ܷᰲƬ
ſǸŮϡϸϽ˵
Ŷ
Ӵʶ̽ͨͨ͸͸ааЦݣڷϸ֣û治,
̣ϾλȺá̲ס΢΢һ£ͷø͸͡
֪𣿡һµգһߵȻʵ
߷ִֻˡԣȻƾһִָҵãǣȴܲҲְ嵽
洹ѯԳһ˿ɫ˵϶ֱ֪ӾͰŮ˸ϵ⣬˶Ϊĵҩˡ
ҩδþùڴ飬ÿҪʮ߰˴Σ¶ֲˡ
ĵ˵ͷааЦǴɣôƯٸҼ
ǣϸϽӦһҴҵ˳ȥ

ԭ㣬ݴֱӽ붫ǣٺҵĽ֮ҶԽԽ档
Ʒ
鵤
ޣ
Ҷû뵽ҾȻûֵεĶ
Ҷû뵽ǣһֱֻʿûгʿңȻܹסԼЩ޴棡
ƥͽ赡仰ϣƺȫʧЧˡ
ֻһɣԽĹŹ֡ǾǣңЩɽŸĹϸֻҪѣЩɽͻἰʱԮ
ôĹϸ𣬲пЩɽʱʱ̱̿ٺҰҪ֪Ȼɽţû취λʱʱ̵̿ı
ʱ仹࣬ȥٺ򿴿
ٺԽԽȤҶɣʱıƻһ룬ĵͭʯ󴬣һ֧ȥ176.壿
ҩõһԺ
ɫͥԺݡȣڶϿЩգϲཨ£϶úõһƣ̾һǣڣֻıºĿתĸ󡣺գһգۣλϾͻʧƵá
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ʿ򣿡ҡҡͷοһڵŮޣһޣԼһȺ·ʿ
˼һͻȻһ
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ӷɽѾ֪˸֮ĴڡЩڴǿ˵һŵĿꡣ
⼸ԪӤʿ׷Ҫ滨Ͻһǰ䡣
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һָ֮Ҷ΢΢üͷ
⼸ǿߣǵΪԶºҪߣңϰҲص㡣ҶʣȻԼĵڶԪѾ׵нףǲ˽ЩкԣһʱҲƵõ⼸ǿߵ
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˵ǡһָҶɻΪȻڣȴòԴ
һŲʶ֮ʯҲԭʵϣΪȷ̫ˡ
ܹƹȦȻֱܹҪºΪ£аӳϣ
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ʲôЦѰ߶ˣĵ֣ͳͳɱ˲Ÿɾ
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ˣȥԣ
Ҳ벻ȻҶɸɴԼȥһǡһָҶû뵽ԼһԼľգ
뿪Ҷ߽һں׵ĶѨ֮СǿߵǸӤһصĶѨ֮סһ·ϣûκ谭ΪǹӤٴתƣҶҲ͸ɴཫٶᵽߣܿͳһΪĵص׶Ѩ
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Цӹײﴫ˳
ȻɽʿˣѵΪӤôǵģ
ǰȻ䡣谵ĺ׶ѨͻȻͱһտĻҰ

óԻģӤȻҶҲֱӸӤߵͣͷһҪ۷ֿռ䡣
ǿҲֱӰ쵽ֿռ䡣Σơ
Ҷȷʵܺãɵͷһ۷ֿռʱͻȻһ赲ȥֿռ䣡
ⲻǻ
Ըֿռϵ󣡲ǹӤ
ҶɰһʶͿʼصɨ⴦Իÿռ䡣Ϊ֮ƣ
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ɡ죬ڻмʿ֪Ĵڣ㶫ǼɫȻ֪ĴڣȴҲ֪䡯Ĵڰص,
˵֮ʿ֮࣬Ҳʿ֪
ǸǺãҲüͷ
һˣѵòֶ飿ԼڴţܹƾǲţͻƵ߾ȥأ
ҡҡͷЦãѵˣǼͷǰ˵ֻĵȴǽʿܻ¶ģ
۾Ҳ¶˱ЦݣǾ͵һȰɡ
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֮мⲢûʲô˲Լ־ƵķѵȻܱãȻ֮⣬ķ󣬼֮У
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ԸþһָԸ𵤣ͱɹŹˣӤһհҶҡҡͷ
һΣҶɲ÷Ӳ˭֪һδԼջʲôģһ浽ԼҲ޷ֱ棬ǿɾֻ׸ˣ
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ѹٴϮ

뱻ѹѹҶɾͲòȻÿһεķĻռӵʵǣҶҲ˲ˡ

ҶΨһܹ뵽İ취ֻǿȻԼѾռȴûг֡
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鷳ˡ
ҶĿΧþԽԽʵԶһССĴׯһɻüĿռ䣬ҶԼԼģһζ
Ҷɲ֪ǣصĻ󷨸úͷʱǸӤҲͬǽάȣԼѾԶ
Ҷ޿κεĻϻʵӤĹ壡
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һУҲϬһСǹӤãϾܹƵһСǣڣҪҶɺЩ֪ǿ߸Ƶˣ
ģôһӱĳôϵǿߣӤŭ
ϵʿܿƹȣֻһϵʿǹӤƴʩչУɸ㶨ǣҶϵЩǰԮҶɵǿߣһҲȫϵ
էҶɣǰһÿһεĹֻøҰճǵûܳ׹󣬷ǻռ仹ԽԽǿ
ʵϣһδע룬ҲǹӤĥԭΪĹ壬е㽫Ҫɢģ

Σ֮еҶ֪ǹӤҲѾԵֻ֪鷳ˡ
Ƕ󣡡
Զ½ֵ߸䣬Ҷɲɵüͷ
̰ǡš»桢ꡢƾΪǣķǺޱҲǸԭ,
ǣ߹أһһӦÿһص߹ر󷨶ΪǶ
λ֮ˣܵ󷨵Ӱ졣һ٣òԪϣͻᱻǶ
˵ˣ󷨾ɱ֮ʿģ
ǱΪǿᣬҶɵҲǶ󡣿ƫƫǵڶԪ
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һɣҶɶʱ;ô粽СԼʩչôǿķҲǶ
Ҫ֪ǶӦǣļǵҲ޵ǳ֮˵ҶɵĵڶԪֻн𵤾磬㻯ˣҲܸ϶ǳ¶أ
鷳еĹӤһʱ䵹ûзֱҶɳ״æʩչܵյ޷ֱӳ󷨣󷨶աѾţ֮ķ˲֪˶ķڽյʱ֮󣬻عͷһӤʱסˡ
סǶôסˣ
ӤϾǹӤ뵱꣬ȫʢʱʿҶһʶȻܿ죬ʶ֮ڡ
ֻǵڶԪ񣡡
ʱ䣬Ӥԥˡ
ڶԪô滹һԪӤʿգһʿԮʿıֻǿԼĵڶԪ񣬻᲻ӿֲı
˵ԼʿҲûʲôޡѰԼΪǾšǽŹϣܲԼʹࣿ
䣬ùӤԽԽˡ֪걻Լ򣬳綼ᱻҵʱԼ϶޷⡣
ǣҪùǿߣһʿȴҲ̫ܡο߶ѾԵڰ̸ף˭ţ
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ԽԽҶɣӤһ취һ˹ȥǶסҶɣʱסˡ
ף
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΢΢˵ͷҶӦ
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ȻҶɵͷӦͬʱһׯС
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Ҷ˵Ӥȥһ뻻һ꽬
ΣӤӦʵ
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ڶ꣬ʮɷȥҼ䲻΢ɼģҶҡҡͷ
ʱգ϶ó󷨵ǣÿھתؼʱ̡˳ǰһܽԪӤڰгٵλԵ
ӦǹӤĽף

ӤҪ˵ЩʲôҶֽȵҲѾֻ֪ǵڶԪ񣬻ҲͻˡеͼƬ֣Ҫ㱨練ƣ
Ӥ֪ҶɵĵڶԪ񣬹ϵ֮ʯͲ׷˴ͷ£Ϳһƥ
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㣬˵ֻܱ󣬲пܳϹĹôڻûòǸʿѾϹ˰ɡ˵,
Ǹ˵ͷһᰲƬˣϹֻܿ
ЩɥĽ㣬һ㣬硭
õ飬ɫ䣺ã㲻ҪˣᾪЩ׵ײǱ޵ϼһ
˸á˵ֻҪˣˡͿˣ
ãΪע亹ˣãҲǸ룡
ɫðգЧ㣬ͬ˫ʱĹңȫܵȥˣ
ĿоֱĶź濴ã΢΢˵ͷ죡
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˵գնһƵĿռ䣬ӹȥһ«
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һ֮ùӤþܵõһȻܰţκ⡣
꽬Ӽᶨ˹ӤҶ׵ľġ
գþޣҶɷ֣ԼվǺ׶֮С
ĹײĸѾȫ򿪣һĿ԰׵ĳӣɫϥǸײ֮ϡ
Ϸ£γƺ
Ҷɡ
ϷԼ󷨡꽬ҶҲø˰ɡ
ʱա￵Ѿ׷׷˹ҶࡣĿⲻƵĿ£Ҷһ£Ǿͻԥɱȥ
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ѣʲôҶɵȻЦ˰꽬㲻úýţҪĵ
Ҷȥ̻⣬ʣ°꽬ݸҶɡ
˲ϲϻ֪־ڴˣ㵽ʲôףʹʹ˵ɣ
¼ҶȫԼͼҲͲن£ǺЦҶ˵û꽬ֻҵٰҲϣҶܰһæ³֮ԸҶһĺô
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Ҳ⣬Ҷ屦ȤۣܲסҶֱ˵˵
ײɣǾͼ
ղһȷաһ㣬ڶԪҪǶˡ֮Ҷ̾ʶǱУ練ơΪȫԲһ˿һֱܺײµĹ
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Ҷüͷһ壺Ѿ˵ˣҲ䣡
䡢䣬һרŵѧʡ벼ȣ临ӳ̶й֮޲Լûʱš
ҡҡͷ˵ԵֻͬҪȥٵһɵͽһ롣ʣһ룬ԼԽ
ٵһɵҶɳɵʵΣ
Ҳʮʹ˵ϣǿľǼʮԪӤǿߡмһֱǱ޵ĿڤǿߡǸǿӦûûûлǿߣϷ͹ˣڡ
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Ҷɴյˣ߳Ǵ׶ѨշﴫƵʵˣƾǵʵҲڤʿ˵廹жʿ
ѵͲ֪ʲôн赶ɱ𣿡Ҷ΢΢һЦ
赶ɱˣ˳ҶɵĿ⣬Ƕȥƺˡ
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ҶɵʱɵϵǿߣҲѾ㳲һƬ򡣡,
꣡Ǿ׵֮棿
ǿƣ׵֮ڿնǸ߸ߵĿУ˼ȹ̵ӰÿһӰѹԶԶꡢãѹе㴭
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һΡӰ漴һһץѾĻϽãͱ˳óɵ޾ƣץģʱֻһøɷ顣
ڤ֮ӳꡢΪǼ˳չؾޣŴˣõ״ʲô⣬
ʱЩϢ׵ǿߣһص׵ĬĬվԶǰǿߴûꡢá
ڻꡢȫѰϹʱǾѾ֪Υ׵֮ľٶ϶˽ֻǣȫ벻ףԻꡢõľΪʲô飿
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һͷ׷ʿϢվڻϽ֮ǰһ֮£˽Ծ
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ģԶԶһ186.麣
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˻֣Ǽڤǿ̾ʧӰ١
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ͻҲѾʶ׷ʲô顣ŮϲӣָǧǿߣŲͬȥ

Ҷɣ£û뵽̸˽׺󲻾ã׵ϵĶǿߣȻý׻
ȻǶҲû뵽¾Ȼõһ꽬Ǽڤʿ£ҲԱꡢЩԪӤڣԪӤµǿ߶ϵ£ӲµһУ
Ƕû뵽ǣѾһʿЭ顣ǸթʿȻŶȥǸʿִﶫЩɵ֮󣬾ͻ׵һ꣡

ں漲ۣܿ죬͵һԵķˮ롣
ˮһߣƽȻżзҲֻƽˣκѹ档
ˮһߣۿǱߵʶȥƣȻҶɵʶ֮ǿҲֻʮأҲð֡ȻˮǱߵŨȣͬСɡ
صǣˮһһμû˿ϸ
˼־󣬶η壬ǰһֻƵСΪ֮ʿҶףνĸض뷲Ľߡֻ½ЩɷߣȲôˡ
ֻҪԽˮ룬ͻ麣
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ҶɸпǧʱͻȻԭƽĺ棬ȻʮɵľˣһݵѪȴ죬źХˮݺ򱦴ҧ,
âֱһ֣ҪֶԸֻͻĺޣȴҶɰ˰֣ʱ򡣡
յ˵ͷ
ѪȴҪҧϱʱϺȻһ׹⣬ֱĶͷ޵ۣ
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һҰǰĲҽйǺʹ˺СȻͷҲһصģܵˡ
ҿ˾ŽޡҪɱȴˡҶҡҡͷԼʵܲ⡣
һԵգȴֱۡ
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ԴϣȻðҶɣٺЦЦ׼˵ЩʲôͻȻɫ䡣
ף˳ӿ֪жĺޣ
һΣҳ˰ɡ
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磡
һԾޣ˷Щ֮ߣûһޣܹҧб
˵ĵڶԪ񣬲ֻǽнôļԦ
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ⱦҶɺķ˾ѪƣڽͨԪ񷨱֮ıʿܿⱦа֣
տҶɵĿ⣬ԽԽηˡ
ʲôǱʣͽǱʣ
ǿģпԲߡ
Ըߵģпʵսǿ
ֻҶԽΪԪӤʿ̾飬Ǳʣ
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ǿߺЩȣӡƺ󻪹ûгԪӤʿ
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ǿ߻δ䣬һͷͷ޾ͺʲôһ׷׷ֵİȫص˴档
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ղ󺧣û뵽Ÿոս麣Ȼ˻ʿ
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Ȼս͵ʸö͵壬Сһֱߵ޷ѹ͹ߵݣȴ͸
Ҳ˵񼣣վԶط
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Ҷɲû˵ҪȥԡʲôǣʥʶﶼȺһͷ

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Ҷɵǽ׷ɱڤǿ˼񼣵Ҷɣ֪һǻȪ֮·ϣľˣ

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һͻȻҶʶľʹ˶Ʒ䣬ЧȴǳϵĺãҶɲ۽磬ԼԺúúһ´˶ʱ͵ʩչЧҲ϶õĲˡ
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ѹФҺѳֻʿǾͲḻһЩһ𣿶飬飬ֻǶ֮ҲԶδӵݻ֮
ФĻǶʮǿ߶˶һģȫעҶɿҪٿЩֻ߳ϧֲΣҪ߼ʶԣϼѡ˵ʱޣФǿ꣬ȴҲһʲô¶
Ф䳤һ֣ǵӰ
ˣ֮Ҳһʱˡȥ̸̸ǸЩ׼ɣ
δ䣬Ф䳤ξѾʧФҵĶǿһĶ˵209.ײ
209.ײ
ΣֵûʿԳ
Ф䳤һξãԼ뻯񾳽磬ʵ̫Զ̫Զ
ѲɣǸҶɣҲǻʿФ䳤ţ̲ס˸Ҹò˰ɡ
ʵФ䳤֪ȫ´ˡҶҲûϵȻϻʿ
þ֮УȻһ㵭İѾþ֡ΨһСĹ㣬ڲ֪Զĵطڷ⡣
֮ãߺˣҶɳȵ
ıϳ˵ҵǿԸú̸̸
ǹ㴦Ҷɲɫ΢΢һ䡣
֪ǵڶԪ֪ҵıҲ
֪ԼǵڶԪΪײǶȻˣҲΪԼıԶߡ
¶ݵʿԼĵڶԪ񣬾ȻһڵԼ䣡
жߵΪ
Ҷɾüʱ֮ʯʶ𣺡һֻ̤֮ĻʿԿ˼ҴԪûȴ֮СӣǱˡ֮ǳɡ
ڵҶɣѾܹ֮ʯһ֮ˡֻҪֱˣܻ֮Ҷȫ
֮ʯȫס֮ԵͼˣҲ֮ͬزز
Ҷɵȥ麣ʿѹᷨҲҶܹФ䳤ġ̹ȻФ֮еԭ
ҶɰԵ˵ͷˡǣǻʿһ仰ȴòͣס˽Ų
֪ס㡣ǿ̸һ̸סһöϢΣ
һö
ҶɾŲŲ
һ˿֮ԼÿֲջһöֻԼʲôĹʿҲ޷ֵջ󣡣
գգۣҶ΢΢ЦôõĶԼΪʲôҪ
һССӰڹ֮г֡
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˵ֱ˵ҶɲĿ࿴ҪĽףҶȴȫû
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Ҷ̲סЦܲòرǸʿ˵ǻڵģƺһо֮СԼ˵ֱ̫ףǵڳ..ĴҶǸˣѿ
ܱǸ֮ԻȪɳǣżȻҶҡҡͷ˵ûв´ӦþФ峤ɡ㹻õϢ׵ģټ,
ȵȣҶɵġټո˵ڣФѿڶФȷФ峤ҶѲФ̻գФĳһ֮ꡣ
Ҷɲɵüͷղ˵ͦˬˣôһأ
ǲҿҲգҲҪţҶҡҡͷֿռ䡣һʱͺ񳹵״ʧ
ФΪȻֿռ䡣ǣһ˲֮£ȴ֮Ĵڡ
ʵ֮Σһ˲䣬֮ͻʧӰ١

º
ڤȥʱ̫˵㣬ʮȥˣȻϢû
Լڹڤʩ˸ڤˣԼ϶ܹõѶڣûκϢǾζţڤšΪʲô£ѵҽѰ죿
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ˣһˣ
˼ǰ¾ȥȪɳǿ
֪ڼ֮ǰҶɾͽ֮뿪˻ȪɳǡûϵһȥȪɳǣԽԽӡ󣬱ҪҼ֣͵͵ȥǻȪصòФҼǰ¾ǿͷ­Լֻø·ݣп޴˵

²֪ԼˣҲ֪Լʹ
¹۷гɻΪԼħӰֵϢ֮ŻἫ𾪣ɳ֣Ȫɳ⣬Ѱħټħʵǣӳ˴һƷ֮⣬һԣԼ¡
һõķѲҲħ
ǼƷ;ءоӵ˼ֻҪԼܱסɣҪԼħ
ǣȻҪԼħҪԼѰħ䣬ΪʲôأдʵҶɲڶ210.
210.
żȻС˵!.a.
Ѿ뿪˻ȪɳǣǻȪ·ϵıغ޹ϸҶɣȴٵؾʱڶˡһżֽһȺ޶ʿˣһ𡭡
ٳżģһƬѰïɭ֡
ÿһôŬķָ֦ܵҶҽ̰Ĳ׽ÿһ⡣ŵ棬еҶɣͺİĵصԨƵã̧ͷա
ܴ׳ľϣһЩާֲ︲ʪڰɢصζ
뿪˻Ȫɳ֮ҶҲûȥʲôɳǡ򣬶һƬ̵ĴɭСҪһʵĵطޣֻҪûʿţϼʱ䣬ŹأͿػ麣麣ۣ֮Ѱһ֮Ƭˡ
ŷţҶɺȻЩԾ
ϣһԺȻֵĻɫҶüͷ
˹ⲻֻڼȵĵطпܴĵͽ𣿡
˹ϡ棬֮أǿȳڣᷢǵӰ١
ֵط䳱ʪ˹棿
ҶûóȻȥ鿴֮֮¡˸һȥͰǴԺ˹
ûзӦҶɰҡҡͷ
Ϊʲôϵڵص棬Բ˺˹ڿƺ
ǴԺ˹ҶɵǰϸһҶһΰҡͷͨĺ˹ûʲô쳣
ڶ²ִˡ
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ն
ٳһֱӺ档ֻһղǴԺ˹ڵĵطʱնһɵӡһɹɳʪĵӿҶеĺ˹ۿɼٶȣήɱ񣬺ֻܿʣһűĺɫƤ
ûκη֡
̫ˡ
йԽûз֣ԽԵ֡
صµ¶ôͣҲԴͨͨĺ˹أ
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Ĵһѣﻹк˹
ǿӦһѸɢȥ
һһǿߴѶϢ
ˣкܴһƬ˹
ҶһܿͳǸǿߡȻǰһƬĶ
ûҶɼһƬطк쳣ǿߣȺı˾˵ķ֡
ĺ˹طȻ֣,
ܣͬİĿռ䡣
ڵɣͬͺӡ
˵򣬾Ȼ˴ĺ˹ԽԽŹˡ
ѵĵص£ʲôϵԽز㣬ֱڵرĳһЩط
Ҷ˵β롣ȻҲ̫ס
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صȥСĵ㣡
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һΣѶ̫˰ʱȻûһǿлҶɾãԼһֲ´˵ʱһǿߵľԼٶȣҶɵʶ

һ̣ǿ߾ҲûѶ
֮ǰǿߴһģɫӰӡʱҶɻΪʲôĵصޡɵϸϸĦһʱ;ˡ

Ҷд󾪣Ͻǿ˻
Ȼгѹ֣ѹ֡Ҷ̾
Խ𡢻ΪĹȣ
һȣˮΪ壬뻹ϵľϵõģñϵϵ۹塣
˵ϵϵϵϵĪˣ۹塣ǣ²޾ԣĳЩҲֻ׹
͹ˣҶɵʦϰĶ죬ѹû˵ֹȡ֮ʯʶ㣬ڴҶĳЩŵͬʱʱʱĸһЩ֮£ҶҲ֪ϾȻֹȡ
ں˻𡢽˫ϵĹȣʶ֮ʯҲֻжţѹû
ïʢĺ˹Ҷɲɵø̾
ҵǺã
211.޴
211.޴
ûҶɵһĺá
ʿԣԽϡԽսּûжʿ֪ĺȣܽߵĵȼܳΪԼİ֡
˵ﻰȻԻʿФʱҶɱֵǣܹս̫󣬾׻񣬿ҲԸֵεʿһս
ԼҪԽããȥȡıأҪȥңԶĵطԼµĳŵֻҪܶһս͵ȥŬȡ
˵ҶɾͳǸǿĵطǱȥ
Ҷϣгĺۼ
ȻֻδĹȣץ׶ˡҶɰԵ˵ͷ
ϡƷ֣֮ʯ֪ʲôѿǾͲ֪Ҫ϶ãץסˡ˼̡ʱ䳤ˣˣʲôʿ
˳ǳĺۼнݵԽԽҲʼ
һЩ쳣Ӳʯ·ϣǳһ͹ȥˣҶȴֻʩչһһģѶֻĴԽһƬƬҲ㡣ԽĹУҶɻЩҲбҧѵĺۼ
ϲЩʯ
ҲļӲҶɾͶǳڴӿ׷ٵٶȡ
׷ԼĪʱʶȻ֣һص׿նʶڿնɨȻ̽ߡ
ڵʶΧԴﵽ֮ңص׿նȻ˾޴󣿡
Ȼǳռأ
дڣ
ǻкܶԿ
ڣڵص塢ɣ
Ҷɲɵð˾衣
ص׵磬һϵƬïɭһ㣬ûʲôߡڣ䳱ʪص磬ȴȶʮ㣬
Ҷּʿ˵ûйҲᰭ£ĿҲаɿʵĸоΨһͷ۵ǣֻ£ĺۼܿͻᱻصĲ˸ֻ׷أҶɾʧȥ˳䡣
ôһƬռ䣬ҸȥѰҳ
޴ͨ۾ӵ֮ͨ￡ǲòȥӦԴԴϵ޴ҶȫԵʥǰЭԼѰҡ
ڣܲʥܶδʥˮ׼ģһӦδ֪ķա
ԥһ£ҶɾԼתתһ˿֮ͽظ˱ȻٶȱȵڶԪһЩȥٶȣҪöࡣò̫ãܳ飬̽Ѱ麣֮ۡ,
Ŀĵѡ˸ǰԼǰǧģʶͲԶĴھ𶯡

ˣˣˣ
ǳصĽŲ
нǡøҶšһҶɾͿ֮һ¡ɽϣһ˶ӰȻ֣
ôϵȣҶ۶ʱ͵Բˡ
ϵĹȲǣ޴һСɽϵȣȴδţ
ҶɸеǣϵȾȻûиΣ
ֻĹͬһһ㡣ཬϵµ䣬ཬܿͲЩ䵽ϵཬٷٵĲ䵽ѭӲֹͣҲǹ״أһܶʼˮ
˳ţϵȵѹҲϵڱ仯ǿģҶЩò׼ľΪ
ǰ˵ϵ𣿡
ҶɽʶĻ棬֮ʯ
Ƴһۣ֮ʯ˵һֻҪ׵ûʲôϡġϹ֮ʱͷϰٱĹҲΪ١

ȻѾ֮ʯ˵ܶϹʱڵ£ǣҶɻ޷񣬱СɽһҪϰٱĹĴУǻһ硣
ʱ֮ʯȴߴ
СӣϽȥˣıĪô
Ŷ
һֱҶɳùūս֮⣬Ҳżһ·֮ʯ˼ƺط
ҶҲû׷ʣһʶǸ޴ϵȣһ߸ٶȷɹȥ
һʼ߾뻹ԶϵȲûע⵽Ҷɱ˹Ųӣڱ仺
ǣҶɷɵϵֻһǧľʱͻȻ;
ذ
һĹǧռ䣬вҲʾѾ߱һǡ
ѵҪӤˣ
ҶһϲԽӿٶȡ
ذ~~~~~
ҶƸͣʱÿֻ˫ȭһң֮ڣɽѣ212.Ѫ֮
212.Ѫ֮
Ȼ
Ĳɽѣ˵ԪӤּ¾ٵһ㾳ĽʿҲôƺƴĹˡ
Ǽɽеһͻأ̣
һ㣬Щ׼ȷҵҶɡҶúϵݷƶҲ㲻̵Ĺ
Щƺƴµľ׼̻ͺӿлż̹ǵĺǲܼʱֵҶҲò˱ᡣ
ڣûǿֹܹҶɼ
֮⣬˲ͽҶɹм䡣ЩεҲ޷͸֡߶ӲƿһҶɺܿͳߡ
ʵ̫޴ˣ
Ȼʶ̽ߣĵǰҶɻ̲ס˾ֿڡվ£Լһֻ΢СϡͺֻҪ̧̧ţһȣԼͻᱻ
СӣҪ̾ˣϽжһҪˣ
λӤȻǼӤĹȣ
ҶɲҳɣϽһ塣
Ч
ϵȻ֮ʯͺһ
һʱ䣬Ҷ˻ûȫºͬΪϵҲ̫˵㡭
ֹҶתֱϵͻ
ô޴һһӸɵǲܵġҶҲ̰ģ׹˸ÿһ׹ȥֻһС塣ȻѸپͽӡӽ֮
ԪӤ߽׵ٶȺ֮죬ֻĹĹ壬ͱҶȥʮ֮һ
ذ~~~
ŭˡ
ǵû̵ܰļһɱȻشۼţȥԼҲܳӤˣ
һŭ𣬳ƺǰûʲôǣ֮ʯļѣȻҶɵʶը졣
Сӣٿ㣬Ȼа֣
ºҶɷ֪֮ʯΪλôԾ飬ϹʱڣزĹȣ۰һΧ֮ڣԲȴڡżȻйȴ룬ҪôԼɱҪôͻֹȳԵ
ֵȼȻûκоҶ֮ʯȴС֣һεĽǹȺͬ
֮ʯĻ䣬Ҷʶ֮ͳһٶȾ˵Ĵһ
ϵȣΪʲôҲ޴󣡡
룬Ҷ̾ͼӿʩٶȡյʱڸ㶨Ǹ޴ķͻϵˡƾڶԪԼûͬʱ㶨Ȼ
ˢˢˢˢˢ
һ׹ܼȥһӡ˹ȥƾҶҲ˳Ľж˿飬ӽ֮,
ʱ
СӣϽܣ
ôˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Ȼͷ֣ѾҪ嵽ķϵȣȻѳĹ塣ɱǾˡ
ôƾˣҶҲԼû취ԸôԼڶԪ壬ƹȡΣСүֵ
ǣ֮ʯѾãҶҲ֪϶ʲôԾԼʶ̫٣֮ʯȴ̫ܿʱɡ
ƲǰҶɴ߶ɿԶ۶ȥո뿪˵ʱʶͿһСеƣȻȾɫ
ѪѪɫ
ѪɫٲƵıԵƾ˲𲻵κеã
ǰʲôҶɳһһԸٶԶ룬һ߾ѯʡ
ⲻǹѪ֮壡֮ʯӦûгӤȻ˽ƻһֱɱ¶˵š˼ҷӦ죬СӾֻʱӻ֮ѿ
Ѫ֮壿ҶɾȷʣǸû˵ʡ
Ѫ֮壬һֶصʣӵһЩص֮ʯ͵Ǹ㣬£Ǹ֮ǶصʣҲˣǸʱաȻΪܵͣŸոѣǣҲ㹻ԽʿԿˡ
Ѫ֮ҲһصǣѪȾ˵ķ轵
ҲǿҪӤˣѪ֮˵áڵΪʩչķԻᱻҪɴѱҲջðա
Σѵû취𣿡
֮ʯĽͣôôùôأܲûнɡ
֮ʯȴûлش𣬶˵ζһ¿ٲУӵԶԶģ߻صȥһ˵ֹȲԶԼĵ̡
֮⣬˵Ѫ֮޽
ҶԽľȣ²׷ʵʱҪú˽һѪ֮ˡ
֮ʯ˼׹ӰʩչҶŸԶĵطٶȥ213.
213.
׷˲һʱҶɾеŲסˡ
˵ҶڵΪʩչ׹ӰʱҲ㹻ġһΣûֵһʱѾݽߣ
Ȼֱö߸ɴӱһ˿֮ûǣȥԼǻᱻһա
ⶼˣûǱ
㵱ԼǸСӣڵʿ׷ɱԼҲӵˣڶԪӤˣȻǱǰδСѪ֮Ҷʶ
û취ˣȥ
֮ʯԣУҪô֮ѣҪôֻܶԶԶġȻҪԶɴͻصȥ˵˭֪ص绹ûĹȣʱһҲá
ţҶɾһӳ嵽춥ʯСʩչ֮Ѹٶߡ
Ҷɺ֮ʯһǣǷȻ׷
ǰ㲻˵ԶԼĵ𣿡
Ҷһ߿ЦʣһŬӿߵٶȡȥ·ϿкüӲʯ㣬ҪҲǳһԼɾ鷳ˡ
֮ʯҲͦƣص̫Ź֣ССĵɣоͻ㡣
ܺԮԼĵ̵ܣЩȫΥ֮ʯľ顣
˵֮䣬͵˵һӲʯ㡣Ҷһ룬ҲȥѾʩչˣһ׹ವȥʱͰҲ鲻˳ŶѵҲ϶ҶѸٳ˹ȥ
󣬷׷ᣡ
ƣҪ׷ɱסҶɰüĥӦԷ
ƴٶȣԼʩչ׹ӰԻᱻ׷ϡ
ӲѪ֮ţʲôķᱻڵ
˼Ҳùˣȴû˿áͺȫܷһ
һȣܷţ
Ҷɾ;ʶﻮһ磬ˡ
ֻдܿ
ͬһʱ̣ҶҲ׹Ϊʲôܸγͬ˵Ĺϵ
ղŵǴĴȴǿκηв
ص϶иΪǿĹӤڣΪˣΪ˽ǲòˣ˱ƣǷ϶棬Ծһ·׷£ҲܣǶ֮Ҳ㵽ȥ
һЩŵõ𣬿ȴǰ鷳Ƿ׷ʵ̫ԼͷҲûǿĴʹ֣Ը
ΪԼĹϵҶɵ뷨֮ʯҲ֪ܿ
ñǸͿԸһ,
ԭץǿǿȵģҶɻȻһƪţܿʶ֡
ſô׶һģʽ
׶졷Ĵģʽ£ƪҲҪסΨһǣڽ׵ͬʱĹȣ塣
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ѲɣλҲӵиһ壿
ȴ׷ʵʱҶɿټһƬţͻصǳĿƲС޴ڣ׾ҵʵĴ֮ء
ѡõطͳͳЯž޴ӭ׶ȥ
Ҷɸոûһ׾ͺҶɿĳҶ
š׶졷ĹҶӦ̹Ȼϴ񣬽ǣ֮ʯոմڵĹҶɵһʱ䣬嵲ǰͬʱ뷨֮ʯĹڹ֮ߡ
һҺ䣬Ѹٴһģ˰͸ɫɢҵϵ꣬ɢ
Щ
ߵķѸεЩһһסͽڡͬʱŲһЩһЩ϶ò䵽ϡ
һݵĴʹ֮СҶɶʱãһ֡
ֻôȻ˹Ч
ҶףΪʲô֮ʯͻߴԼȥץˡֱǸļƷҩԼѾ൱ˮ׼֮ܽȫգǿΪ
編һǿ˵֮ͬ޶֣Ƕָ߳Լһ磬Ҳսʤ
ǴЧ̫֪ͣڶԪܲܳŵأֻ˲ǧ֮һҶɰҡͷ
Сӣ֪ɣˡߣȣ֮ʯƲ˵ʵڲУͽ֮£Ըӡ
ٺ٣ҲΪ⡣
Ҷ˵֮ʯʱҶ롣
СҰĹѾѪ֮Ҳץס֮ʯһҲͲٶˡ
ȷѪ֮ƷܽȹūҲ֮Уֻǿʲô̶ȣ
ҶûҲûֱϵȥǴǷڵصߣйʿע⡣
֮£ԸΥȻҶѾıԣֻڵصߣɻһ·ʿע⡣
ڸٷеȻס214.
214.
Ŵķôģ
ԭǸ֮õķȻ𶯲Լ÷ţʱֶȥնɱʲôħˡ
ļƷʶŴƷ²ǰ򵥡
ѲɣⷨԶ׷ɱħޣ
ţҲͷηжȥһ⣬ⷨ档
˲̫ԶǷವһ˵صסҲԥʩ˸صȥ
ֱֱһ·̣Ȼ˸ת䣬һȥβͣҲϽת䣬ںš
ŸոתȥǷȻһμת䣡
ħ޵ξȻ˹죡
ļת䣬ȻѰʿΪһʱûΪϵʿһ˼ľΪǰתļһħޡ
˼ħӰΪߣȻΪҲߣ϶ûٶȣһħޣ
ţоͿסһһѹķԼǰķͳͳס¾ħжΪҲᷢԼӰ١
ʱ˿̣Ҷ֪ʿɱңʿȻѹ
ʶֻ֮صγ涼ڣҶĴ󵨵ĴߣȴϣóֻǣҶһμת˸䣬ϷˣǷ۴еʱһ⣬׵Լ
ֻüԽƫ֣ǵͶԼ
Ϯ
ʶģҶɼ߲ʹâԼŻסҶɴ߶ҪԸٶȷӡ
ʱ
ѽˣ
һԼŮޣȻڲԶԳΡ
Ī£ղŸˣֻɱħޣ
ħޣ
һϤ֣һİʡ
Ҷʶ˶٣ǣִܿ߶Զٶȥ
ʲôЦ˵ˣǸˣѾĲӸɱˣ
ҶɻԶԶߣҲǾɥ
ҿǲܣԭλǱħ׷ɱ
ԶԶƼһԪӤ߽ʿԿֲٶȸתΪҶɾħޡûǰ漲ɵķȷϣͳˡ
˵ΪͱҶɵĵڶԪߣ̫࣬ģҶҲӲ׺һ
Ȼ֣ǰ漲ɵķѹûҶɣǳŸԶһּһȥͻˡ
µʱ°գȥԶǸ޴һֻŴļƷոճɱȥǾ޴һһЩƮĶ,
ȾѪ죡
ã
о쵽ǼƷڿڣ
գ
ԥģͽǷ˻
Ѱûд֪Ǿ޴ļһѪ֮壬Լ봢֮УѪ֮Ҳ˳ƽȥ
ʱ䣬ѹҡûȵȥ飬ʴڴϵ󷨾ͳױռ䱻٣
һӣѡָıɢܣĿɿڴ
ʲôˣ
ûϸ룬Ǿ޴ļһԾ˵ٶȳҶɵķ׷ɱȥֻ﷢

ҶɺƣƵѪ
ôͻȻɱѾг𰡣鷳ˡ
ڶԪˣǽ׷ᡣǸղǷԶһ£Լͻᱻ׷ˡ
Ҷĥţֻʱ֮ʱ򣬱֮г˳
Сģ
һͳǷɱȥҶ̴һ
Ѫ֮壬ܡ
һá֣ҶȥֻצһصĹâʱͶ
֮
ҶʱɵˣʶʱҲˣʲôʱе֮
һΣҶɻʵݡ
˲Ϣ䣬ݲҶɶȥɣҶɾͿǷֽһŤͷܡǱܵٶȣȻȻˣ
֮Ȼǿ󣡡Ҷɰ̾
ܹκηѪ֮壬Ҳס֮һ֮ôһ£϶Ҫ군ˡ
ֺöɲˡ
ҶҪһֹͿعͷԼգգ۾ȻѸپؽ֮ȥˡ
ôͻȥˣ
ҶЩ㶣ɶͷԵʱ֮ʯʶը죺СӣϽȥץøղǸ˱ˣ
ˣڸ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵ķ׷ɱȥ215.ħ˼
215.ħ˼
Ȼδû˵Ѫ֮壬Ǿ޴һ˼Ʒ˴̾ʶԷɵĶжáټûܵˣԣӦܿ졣
ʵϣȻǷ֮ľ룬ҶԶʮǣɱҶɵöࡣ
ס֣
ҶŭţŭöôѸ٣ĹҲѾˡ
֪ͬʱʩչ˶ٷҲ֪ͬʱ˶ٷ֮ܶԶ֮Ҷɾ;ҫ۵ĹâһͨȻһЩմѪһЩ䣬ʣЩͳͳǷĹ壡
֮£ȻΪѪ֮Ͳһӳֹݹ죬գ֮䣬ͱж˿飬״
ȵҶڸϵˣŭҲˣĵڶֹҲѾղ
ɢ
ൽͷҶôûţǱĪĺݺݴһӣڶԪڻˡûԹֿҶɣüֱҪѪ
ǰôҵСԺӣһûţǳ͵ϮǰĹȸɱˣ㵽װʲôģ
һʣƵóľΪ˵ãҲɵ˰Ρ
Բ𡣡
֪˵ʲôźˣԼһ򶼺أʦŻĵԼɸյȪɳǣĪı޺ݡһػػȪɳǣûĿĵţǳ⵵£Ҳ֪а
٣Щûз鵤ƿȫòӡ鵤Ҳʮɻȥ˾ųɣʣ鵤ûһõġ
΢һ룬ݸҶɡ
ǶԲ𡣡
Ҷķ°ۣµ˵ʲôҲûˡҲƷˮ׼ֵƣҲг⡣
ֽˣҶɵʵӣղΪʲôģǹޣ
ҶòҪ׳Ϣû룬ȴ˵
ħﻹҪʲôޣħޣֱӴɱˡ
ħĻС˵ﳣС
ħޣû˵
һȥҶ֮ʯǰʲôħޣ
ȴû룬ȥǸ֮ͨʯһȴش֪Ϲʱڣûʿ
ϹʱûУǾǽųֵˣҶֻ̡
Ҷɵ̣ҲһҶѺôҲԪӤ߽Ϊˣôû˵ħޣ
Ҷɰһ
Լ̤磬֮·ʿͬԼȷ˲ٸķӵһЩʿᴹߵĺö𵱽ĳʶҲǸʱº˵Щɽʱ֪һ㣬ģһŲ֪,
ҶɲαҲ͵
νħޣһЩѾʿŷġ·ΪңǹֱΪԼʿħޣʿҲޡ
ܶǰĴɣ˹ħޣħ޼˴ˡȴû룬ȻһĹħޣ
͵ļˣҶɺĵ˵ͷ
ѹȿͷͦԭϰͬࡣ
Ҳŵ˵ͷȴãûʲô˵ˡһ߲ϲ˽̸һҶɳ˿ԲŶ˵˼䣬£˵ȪɳǸٻһħޣ˼ҶѶСģȥˡ
˵գͣٶ߶ȥ
Ҷȴסˡ
˼ħޣĪͬͬգ
ɽȻݲʿ࣬Ҳû˵ħޡ֡ο˼ħĹҪ˺ġɽɺôҲɣֹ̫ܻӵܣ๦
ͬͬյ˶ȥˣҲ治
Ҷţʹػصص磬һƻûĹȴڡɲ֪ôģǹ˸̣ܲǱһ·֮ͣ
ˣȥħޣһأܲ˸ɱˡ
Σ˼ҲȹԼʲô˺а񹦷ҲҪ跨ס취аˡ
ҶţҲص˵档ʶȥȻ֪ȥ
ѰڤʿٶȾȻô졣
룬Ҷɾ;طȪɳǡ
ҶȴûϵԼһĺ216.Ȫ
216.Ȫ
ҶطȪɳǵʱټһɳʿ֮У˵Ϣ(.ֻ3ܼס)ϢٶҶЩ
һ˵ϢҲǴ̸۵ʧǣФʧˡ
Фָۡһ˵ĸض졣򵥵˵һȴĿռǧ򱶣򱶵ĳֿռ䣬ͬЯСˣФҪңֻҪѸۡ߾ͺˣʲôϡ档
ǣФȴʧ
Īģ׵ģФФǿߣͳڻȪɳʧ
ǱڶӵЩ壬ǧʿΪߵͣȻҲû˭κ춯ǰף
·˵صʿȻҲֻǾǰһȶʱФ֮أȻѾÿտյ
£ֹǡֿݡҶػػȪɳǣûأʿ˵顣
Ҷֻһ׵˭ФʧٵˡǸһֻ̤֮Ф˭ôͣ
Фڸʲôѵҽײɣһ֮£;ФȥŪȥˣ
Ҷɲ֪Фҵʧ٣Фץסйء֪˶ãԼͻٸФҼ档ʿҵ̸Ф֮µʱҶɵעȴһ˵Ϣ
ڶϢǹħ޵Ϣ
Ȫ·ϣħ޾֣
ϢȻˣȪɳļλǿߣѾǸȥڿһʣħӡˣʿҲģ̾䣬תФϡ
ǿ߶ˣټǸܹѹѰ찡
Ҷ΢΢üͷȪ·ڴȥ
Ȫ·ڣλڻȪɳĵطΪȪ
ۺֵεʿֻҪʯͿȥȪ·ðһΡðյʱ䣬ȴûκơΪȪɳڶֵ࣬ɽɶؾˣʵȡһЩãɳãҲͰˡ
Ҷûż·ٶȲ졣ν򲻴Ǽǿͽ˻Ȫ·ҲԼپ룬ԼΪͲǣ׷̫죬ֻ鷳
Ҷһнһ߿Ӧ԰취
û뵽жʿͽڤʿֻܽΪȷӳǧ֮ءʿȴܻΪʵıﷶΧĿռ״̬Ǹħޣʶ˼²ܴӶʿǿо
ʹթԿڤʹթпܡԶʹթֿԡ,
ҵǿߣҲӦһǿߡּƾѾΪˡ
ȻҶɵĲٶȲ죬ӳſڵڴľҲ֮ңǣߵĿĵʱȴû뵽κΰ취
ֻһһˣϣϵʱܳһЩ
Ҷֹţ˻Ǫ̈̄ס
ȪʽҲȪɳǵĽơǣڵͷʱˡ
ڻȪʱҶɻûȪʲôصġɵһ߽Ȫ;һɹεҧ
ÿһҧ˹ֵɵǣҶȴסһĿЩװõͷ
ǹ巨е㲻ԡоƺӦñȷǿѵ
ҶƵĿЩͷӦͱȪɳǵĸϷһˣﻹڡǣȻǶԼҧ̶Ⱥ΢аȴ䡣ֻʲô
Ҷɰ˼ʱڤʿôӻȪ·۷ǸһصȪʶһɨͷҶЩ㶵Ķͷ
ԪӤʿһڤʿԾ϶ǴʲôСطġ
ǣпڤʿ͵ÿʿûһǧҲа˰١ǻΪȪ·ЩСطһܴ׬׬֪ôģ
һ˵ܴҶȴûᡣĵģ˵ӵļһǣŸǽϾ
ҶɲһһȴʱǿҶɵ޶ԣͺǶԼ衣
Сӣģһڤʿʵ
ҶɰǼһһۣҲ𻰣оȪͷ
ǿڤʿŭˣŭȵһСӣǰʻҲ
˵ţǿڤʿ̤һʹҶɳ֣
217.
217.
ҶĿסһҪ֡(ȶ.k.)Ȼɫ΢׹˸˾˵˻Ȫš
ͬʱ
󵨣˭ڻȪﶯ֣
ֻȪһǣתһеĵĻޡƤ𪣬ͦ°ͼģԵúݡճһЩʵĺӣȫǸģ
죿
ղŻڵĿڤʿһӾˡ
ʲôЦʲôʱȪвֵĹˣԪӤСʲôͷȻΪͷ
õӣڤʿ֪ߵˡ˸Ͻ֧֧Ҷ˵Ȼ󣬾ͼҴҵˡ
ˣû˰ɡ΢Цѯʵ
Ҷ̲סҪۣⶼʲô˰ǰһФ䳤һ죬öʿȻһ̬
Ҷҡҡͷġлһ䡣ͲǻԹԵȥЩͷˡ

ղǸڤʿһ仰Ҷɵĸ˼
ǣȴҶ˼ʱ䡣
ѶȤĳղһƷϼѵ
˵ţ־һͺһԵøӵɲ
ҶȴֻƳһۣڿһ䣬ȻȪˡ֮ͬʱҶɶԴĸоҲվоĵȻеȷʵö࣬ϣȪҲûʲô
ȴûϵ㶣Цһ˲Ȼ󣬾ûƵã˵
ЩϹŹƷϺǾҲЩáڲ̫ó깥ʿ˵Ǻܲĸ
һ˵ţһƳۿҶɡ֣ҶɫƽƺԼĻû̫Ȥ
룬΢ͣһ£ּ˵Ϲ٣ʽࡣǻȪɳǳǶרŵĵطѺβȥ￴ȪȪɳŸɵʿʵ١ϸղֻƢʿҲⲻҪһЩ鷳
õ˵ôһͨҶɷŵһκעĿ˿
ǰʲô飬ֱ˵òڵġ
Ҷ˵ĺֱӣȴﴫ첻ɵ㶡
СӲ򵥰֪˽̸̸
Ҷɲ⣬ֶʿΪʲôԼɰ׳տȴҲͬ⣬ΪʲôһԪӤʿԸ߳ԼĶʿʱͷֵܹ侲,
ǻԪӤʿǶȻԿڤʿѹȴ־֣ǿڤʿáͰĿѯʣ¾Ҫ֣ͷһƬˣ˵ԾߵĶʿ
ľ飬ԪӤԶ飬׳һЩŽ
Ȼһ׳աԪӤʿҲﰵһȻﴫѯʵѿҶ
û
ҶǰտǽһФ
Ҷգգۡ
ϵΪζȻɣ壩ФԵףѾ֪ԼȥФԼ뿪ФûãФʧˡ˵ǸԼ޹ϸ˭š
ûҶɵ˵ͷ̹ȻӦûȥФǰΪΪܹӰ쵽Ф
Ҫ׷ʣҶɾ˵Ҿ֪ǰţȻˣҲûа취лղǰͽ̣ǡ
Ҷɹ˹֣תȪ·ڴȥ
һȣ˼ĿȻסҶɣҶѸĳΪ͸ˡ
˵ţղǸ͵Ҷɵǰ
ٶҶ΢΢һ
ӣǼʣ
ʲôҲûܡҶȴҲЩСһ֮˵ǿˣФһֻ֮ǿߣҲⲻ
Ҷ˵лȻ󣬾ͺС
ҶɵӰѾʧȪ·һʿҴҵĳ˻ȪӴߣһˡ
mdˣȥһҪ
ﹾ䣬ʿֺȵ
СӣҶȥˣ
΢΢һЦ˵ҶȻȥ˻Ȫ·ѵȥȪ·ץ
˵ţѹ˳ͨ·
ʿݺݵһۣСӣҪΪǶµһﲮа
ǾͶһЦݵ
218.ƣ
218.ƣ
Ҷɲ֪ոսȪ·ãȪУѾһǿ֮Ķս
һʼֻﲮڴ򡣹ûã塢ɵǿߣ֪ȻҵһФʧ֮ǰФԪӤʿ
Ȼ˵ʿѾ˻Ȫ·лȪ·ǰȡͨ·ʯʿΪ֤ɼ֮£м塢ɵĶǿ߶ԣȺ֮
һսʹչ
ǻȪɳڣսһȪ·ڣҲַǷ
ֻжǿ֪ȪɳڵĻʿǣȫ˻Ȫ·
Фһɽ¶ˮǣЩʿȴ֪ФФǵУΪ֮һ
ФѾһֻ̤֮ǿߣȻڼҲôĶΪΣ
𰸣²⣬Ѿܹʿǵ飡
豹ƽģƽ
ľ޹ͳͳ׵
ʿǰѾ˻Ȫ·
涴ǿΪζΪ˸ЩʿṩϢֻҪϢ㹻ЧܻʹͣԶˣһ߶ţһʩչַϢ˽ȥ
ֻ죬Ц
ϵᷢ顣ǻȪ·ڣȻǻʿûȷĲҲҵһˣΪһƽ޹ʵķҶɽȪ·
ﲮϵ֮ǰѾѶϢ˽ȥ棬Ҳһ׼
ֻҪҶеطûҲܸ֮ӦƾˣͿҵҶɣȻǶıϣҶɹ˵Լߣڼ̵ʱа
΢΢ЦţĸʿĿĵ˴طΡ

ҶµõԸߣΣգ
һ̤Ȫ·Ҷɾͽתƽ֮СΪϰʲô׷طҲܴ͸֮
ǣˡʱһЩˣıȷҪ
֮󲻾ãʹֻ
һײɸɽն
Ʒȱʤһ
ҶдϲĿתǸ
֪ܸҴʲôϲ
ҶɻЩСģֻԶȥӦϵ
һԿŵıȴЩˡ
ǰҶɱˣ׷ԼΪʲôҪܳȥ˴֮Ϊ˰ʾҶɣԼ𣿿ľͷȥоͷȫԼóһ˿֮,
˵ŮӣͻЩ嶯ʿȴҲһǸŮӡһˣܹȥݺһšĹʮԶͣ
㡭
˵һ룬ҶɾͣȻû˵ǣһ˫۾ȴѾ˵
ǰлˡҶЦǺǵģѱ˻УҪ֮һûô״ܷ֮Ǳĸĸİɣ㻹ǱıֶҪѹٶȾˣ
ѪѪ
ΪλѾܺˡܴ֮ģҪһֻޣпŪ֮
ǣЦݵҶɣ֪ľͷѹûǷȥ롣
һӣƵı𣬻һ⣬ܵӰ١
ôˣͻȻܵҶɶͷԡ
СӰ֮ʯǺǺЦЩط㾫ļֱ֡Щطȴ׳յòС
ǴӺ˵𡭡
úͿҶɣȻòһʾ֮ʯ֪ĸǿļˣھԲǵĶ
ܵûӰˣ֮ʯҲûˣҶһֻ½˻оղһţԣֻǴõĺ
ʶôǿֱӴܱȸԶЧʸߡϲһ㱡ҶɽץУϸо
ȪУҶѾ˴µ˽⡣ǰԶоҶɾãѾյİץоһֻΪ˸õ֤ǰĵãҶɲûоãʲô˵·֡ǣץģоһ֮ȴԳ˾֮ɫ
ָоôط
ȻһôҶɵ֮ʯҲҶ˲ʱĸ򣬸Ҷɵߣ
219.
219.
طгΪطǱ
ܿ죬Ҷɺ֮ʯͬжϡ
ֻǡгΪطǱҲܲˡͺñһؤ˿ʯͷȻʯͷǽãȻʯͷȼƷ仹˺üΣҲ㹻ؤ۷ףϲñչȥˡ
ҶɲһеؤôҲʶһЩطԣȻ𾪣ḻǺܿͻع
ɵöʿѵûȰأ
ҲǸҪùϵ£ʱȻФҵ飬ܲûش˰ɡ֮ʯ˵
˵֮ʯûеҶȴ΢΢üͷ
׻˵úãʦţڸˡ
ŬйȻҪʦһ족ȴҲӰһӡ
һ족Ȼѹûн̹ҶɣǣҶʱĵεΣȴԶҶɵĵס
ǱʶҶɾ;ͻطܻᰵʲô塣
֪Ҷɵ뷨֮ʯϸĥһеطǣ֮ʯ۹⣬ȥĿҲκ⡣ǣҲҴƱϵط֮࣬˭ȷطû⣿
йỴ̈Ҷζðգȴ֪Ȼˣеһ˿ȴ޷赲Ӱ쵽˵ڶԪͬʱ˫Ŀ΢յ棬Ȼ˫ۣ
ˣ
ʿٶȣҶܹ󼰡ڵڶԪȻܵӰ죬Ҷɾһ˿ͬʱ͵ˣ
Ҷɣ
Ȼѹ֮УǣҶȴԼ֮С
ûѾһҪƴ
ФȻûгֵ˼ԼϵѹҲС
ǰʿȴһԼᣬһȫԼסͺԼԪӤСӣǸͬĻʿ
ҶҲô¡ǿҲǶһר塢ꡣ⻯ʿԼֻһͷ֮ܶ˵һʿʮ߰˸ҲסԼ
ǣϣҶɫƽ̲ĳ˵Ȼ컹ֽšǰһλ
һӾסˡ
õıãԼѾܸ߹ҶˡһȫʩչΪ˵һʱ佫Ҷѹǣû뵽ҶɾȻǸûƵã
ʿԼȫ֣Ҳûƽɣѵ
üͷԺܿ죬е룬ȫۼһͷ֮ϡ,
ϷҶѵǼλǰĵӣ
Ǽλǰ
ûʿǰģֻˣ͵أҶ˼Ļ
ʮüˡ
Щˣ
Ȼȫ´ǣҶҲʵȻһЦÿɷǳǳʩһ񣺡ԭǰҶˡ֪ǰɱΪ
ǧᱻҶֺǸŪȥǣһ棬Щ˸Լӡ̡̫һ棬ҶɷƵģҲԼЩɹ
Ҳ׷ʣ룬ѹͻ˵Фʧ٣ҶָԽ򡣡
Ҷüͷ΢壬û˵˵вطûаΣաֻԸһطӦֻҪҶͬʱѧطܽ⡣
һ˵ţһƾչճһͼֻȺ裬ζ
˷Ϊ֮зҪҶᡣϵطΪ֮ͬҲзԲµĹ֮δ֣Ҷ
һƳ֪ƮҶɲһʱ
ûЩϵطͬһԴ㡣˵ϵطֻгΪطǱĻôȴѾϡ񼶡֣
һ֮͹֮ӡ֤Ҷ֪ΪʲôܹôҵԼ飬طศɣϸֻһһЩȱڡʿʩչһʱһͻԶֲȱ
ط֮ʯҲ̲ס̾һ䡣
֮ʯĸ̾УҶ΢΢˫ۣȫĵĳ˸طȤ֮С
ҲżĵĵҶɸط׽ʱһʿͺҶɵıƵáܱ֮ڵʿֻƵС
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬Ҷɷתѹ220.ħټ
220.ħټ
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Ф˵֪һö䡣
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ҶɾãǰطѾܲˡֲȥ׼Լܻʲôôһǳ׼ԼСԼùϵðײá,
ǣҶɽӹŷ䣬ʵǰ֪ħ޵ɡ
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ⱾǹʮҪѨޱΣɱޣҪôֱӽ崵ˣҪôֻܹʮҪѨ
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ҪǣٲȻηı壬ԭͿƹȣھ͸ǿŵúֱײʲôˡ
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ڵǲòɴӣǲĥҳأ
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ͦ棬ҶǴȥʲôطôҪ˱ȥǣûһշתȥ֮ʯͱҶɵĵڶԪסˡ
ֻҶɵĵڶԪһ֮κεģֱӾѹ塣ٶȣͺȥʲôƵá
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ױжŮӣڸжͬʱҲһЩ롣
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ڣҶھ쵽Լƺˡ
ǣһοʱЦǺǵ˵˵ǲܹˣô˼ҿ㣬ҲЦġ
Ǳʮ˼鱦ƳģͰܵúЩˣȴҶ˵Լ󡱣ʱ򣬾ƢٺõСҲҪĸҹˡúҽУ׷Ҷɲòܡ
˺ˣҴˣ
һţҶһ߲ͣĵǸȴš
ҲñҿղһͨʩӦҲܸİʲôʱˣ衢裬Ҳİ
Ҷ˵ֲеС⡣ţҺô尡衢ʲôģȻҪһ˵İ
תһ룬Ϊľͷʾ˺üζûв³ҵʵݣڻʽڣʵ̫ɺˡ
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ԪӤʿú,
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Ф䳤ƤЦⲻЦвҶʱҶ£Ҳ΢棬Ȼ֮·пĸФ䳤С
ħ޲ͬڵħޣһƴ㻯ʿһҲùе⡣аħʿ޴֪
˵˼Ѿ޵ħӰˣǰʱʱʩչҪ
ʱ˼Ҹ׵ĵطñҡϢһΪȫתħӰȥ󡣶ڣȵĲڻȪ·ϲ֪˶ٹȣ˼Ȼ޳ħӰڣñϢͿԷֳħӰէȥÿħӰΪһˮ׼
Χ˼ʿҲ֪ȻӰչ黹ֻһħӰӵʵɴҶħƴԣ˼ƴʱһʿˡ
ʿеҪƴһʱ䣬ֲ֧סˣ
ƴҲҪ۵ġ
ȻҲ֪ΪʲôħƴᱬԶԶΪǣҶ֪֧ŵʱ䲢ֻҪЩʱ䣬ħ޾ͲԻˡ
ʱ˼г˱
ΪʲôүҪң
ҲЩ𣿸ū۹ȣ͹ȣʲô
Ҳɱ˼ҵɫ˭Ƕɱˣ
飡ڤôɳɱһħޣõ
úúãǲҺúûţҲҪԶج֮У,
һ̣ҶɵӰ˼Ժ
ˣͷһûܰ
һˮ˳ջ䡣
ʱ䣬һʿͲһ顣

ôħӰҲͬһʱܵİˡ˸ͬʱһħӰצģš
·磬ֱ˼֪Լӡӣ󰵲صɱУҲòˡ
ǿ߷Ӧ죬һӾͰ˼·߸µġ
Щǰ֧ԮĿڤʿǣӦٶҲ˵飬Ÿո˼ΧȦѾγɣ˼ƺ޴ӡ
Ǳʶ˼־ܡѡ˸򣬾ͺ˹ȥ
ǧħӰȻáܱҲͬЩʿǷǿղҪΧӰֻΧһ壬̫ࡣˣҲûи˼ӲӲ˼Ķɵƶţʼս˼ΧȦм䡣
˼ӡЦݣܱʿϸ֡ǣ˼ܱЩʿûϵһڤŮޣǾԶĬĬ
ȫȥѹĿڤŮޣƾǼ׷ٶһ·ŵԭǡħǣȷ˼ı壬Ҫ͵Ϯʱ˼һˮȴġ
ħҲ᣿
˵Уħ޲ޱȡ
˵Уħ
˵Уħȫ¶
ĴڣҲˮ
Ů˶ǸԵģȻЩҲͬϸ塣˼һɲǣ;ãĵطݺݳײһ¡׼õɱУԾľ˻
ȵ˼ԽԽʢҲԽԽᡭ
Ҹô죿
ԭ·ǹҵˡԥţţãţͺ񵱳Լֲƿʱһ㣬Щ֪δȥ
ǣķչȴݲ塣
˼Ҫֲסˣ
Ⱦ
ʶģѡ񡭡
226.ľԮ
226.ľԮ
º꣬һʱǲԾϲΪԼ绤
˼ȹңҲӦþһΡ
ħ޻Ҫ
Ժ󣬵ħ˼һshijie̻̲ʱұףԵôĲ԰ǣһ̣ȴԤϲı仯ܵǳʲôԭһ˲ľ
Ⱦ
һּҡȻΧ˼ʿһֶΪ˵ãҲûκη塣
ڤڵİΧȦ˵еǼҡڵڿڤʿǰȥҲܹоĴڡ
ȴ鷳£
ǰǧ֮ӣʶȻʱ޿̵ӳƬĸϸڣɱϾԽԶӳյԽǿߣûһĴڡ
ͨΧĿڤΧȦʱһǿߣyijingеˡֻʶûвκѹϸӳճĿռ侰Ҳ״ԣⶴǿֻʱɣû֪ͬ顣
ǣҪǶǿǱйȥʱǶǿ̲סˡ
ڤʿϸ֮Уǧռ䡣龳ʿܸһϸ֮Уûռʵụ֮£ǶǿܾʲôŹ֣ȴƫƫٳҲڡǶǿһԥͳֽԼܱ߰أȫ÷
ʿΧħޣҾͺеСĽ˵ӣΧħ޲ɣԼħ޵һҡںȻǶʿ׵ĳ֣ԲռסҶΪʲô쳣״һʿϽֶΣصøˮйͨ
ʮ顢ڤʿȺַ¿ռ䣬һƬԲأˮйͨˡǱĻʿ˵һԮ˼ԼҪϼˡ
ǣ¹һŹ֡ӵǿ߶ȥ֮⣬ɫĴ͸ıҲкü
Ψһ鷳ǣô˼ȥ
ֻһ˼ֱЩıܣǶʮǿ߶ģ˼ôӵóȥ
ǲУֻҸĵطӲˡ
һ˼ŶԲߣһС͸Ƕʿʱ˼Щ
һԭЦΧԼʿȻٴУЦȫʧˣѵʲôʿ֣
ͷ˼ԳİлʿΣҲңһжÿԼ,
˼ţͿʼ´뿴ûʲôͻƵ©
danshi˼ôҲȻʶ˵͸ʿˡҪȥôأҲ쳣ѡ˵滹пڤʿİΧȦˡ
˼һĪչʱɹǱ˽
һҶ״ķϢ˼С˼Ȼ֣ж˼ʱͿ
Ҫҿң
Ȼ˼Ϊߣгϴ˺ü꣬ʶǱȼǰ˲١ֻһ㵣ʱ׹
Щʿ½㣡
дϲ˼Ǳ߾Ī֪ĶʿγԱȡǶʿζ벻ףԼyijingϷˣʿҲȫԼжˣΪʲôħУȻȻһֵķ
Զ֮ܿһƬ̵Ҷӣӵܹ͸Լǿ
׷ɱħҲкһʱˣħ޹ֶʵ١ֻнΪ涷̹취սȫѷɫԪӤʿǷ˵ħӰʹüʿòټͬſڤʿǰԮ
ǣͷβħ޶ûмʵϣʼҲƷѣֻһָͰˡ
ǣڣȻ͵سһǿ**
ȻûܿڣǣǶǿȴʮֿ϶ⷨǿߣ
Ϊߣصδ֪Σյ顣ΪԽߣİ˽Խδ֪ľη֮ģԽǿ
Ƕǿ߱صŻһ£ӽڸղŵ֮⣬ⶴǿֲ˺üɱ֮ﴳء
ȴû·ɱ
·ϵĶʿȻ³Ǳ룬ԷӦٶ졣ʿȴ׷ʲô飬Ӧ΢ôһ㡣ʿǵûпٷӦܲĿǸʩĶʿԼƵ΢ôһĲ
ֻһ㲨ͱץס

227.ģ
227.ģ
ٶǰɡС˵!.a.
˼ƴں档ɲֻ嵽˵һǿߵԵʱеĵĸоˡ㴩ȥǸ˼ȴԽϡ
Уҹȥ
˼ãԼҪ½ð˵ʱеıɫҶӣȻӿһǿӲ˼׷ȥ
ⷨôԣ
ûԣֻ鱦ӵһ﹫ϵ顣ǣƬɫҶ״ģоκԣȴƫƫԼҪߵʱ
ûе˼üѰҴ𰸣ͷԼٶȵĳһϡղŻԶԶĸԼԾ޴ѹϰͺȫʧһ㣬ѹûӰ쵽Լ֣
ʱ˼֪ƬɫҶӣʲôá
ȻͻԶķأ
˵˼أʵڳЩǿߣҲһȻҼȺĿҶ״ã˭û뵽ⱦȻԶ󣬲ų߳ϣ
ǣϾǶ顣Ȼⷨ棬ǣǷӦٶȴ˿˼ոճʱ򣬼ʿԶԶΧһµķߡ
ӣͷˡ
ΪĳöʿЩա㲻սҲӦԶԶʩչЩ߼Զ빥˼ˣԼ͸˼ǼͻЩʩչӡȤķ
ǿߣʮڤǿߵΧ£ǸȤķ˳ʩչͲ֪ô죬ܽ˼ȳˡ
ĥôʱ˼ѹһ¡
Ҫɢˣ
Χ˼ʿǣɵаϲΧ˼ϰ죬Ϊľһ̡һ̣Ǽǿڣʿڰţβʤɹˡ
ħ޵ʽͶֲ˼κηա⵼ħڴмֲδħ
򵥵˵һεħޣ൱һ⣡
⣬ʲôĴһ
ڳҪʿһһȡǶʿҲġ
ħڵȴѾǾĳ̶ֳȵתڼûбħԶɵ״̬
˵ΪԽߣԪԽĸʿԸʱȥȻٰʮȥ󣬷Լ㶼û
Χ˼ǡħʵΪľǶȡ⣡,
Щʿֻڵ伮ϼħޡǲ֪ģȫǿԼħ֮·˼Ҳ֪ΪʲôôʿԼ֮ǡ
ĵŤܱߵ̰ŤҲħ޻ȡ;
˼Ԯʱл޵ůǣѹʼǼͶɵϸռЩɢģʱȻЩΧԼʿһĿ¶ϲǵĺϮȫ
˼;ãʿͺѪڵĶǡԼطĸ
ΪޣΪ⣿

һħĶ
˼ȸоħ
˼βǰʿ˼Ȼ;ԼڵԼƵ֮£˳ķȥȻ˼
˼Ҳ쵽һ㣬ǸȻĸһȻͶϾ˶ա
ʱˣ˼ҪʲôĳǿߣħĽ˸ɣ
Ҳ˵ħǷܹȡǿߵĿԣ˼ڵĸ϶ᱻֱӳű
ûɵģ˼һᡣ
һеĶԹָӣľΪôʿҲܿס
Ҫ
ܼᶨҡҡͷﴫ
һȳȥ
һ̣ЩףΪʲôֻԼһȴԼʡ
ħޣʮħ޵Ĵڣ
ʱԼʱֻĿԼһۣȻ·ƮȻȥˡ㶨ԼעҪԼȥһۣ
ǼΪ˳ħΪԼģ
һԼĳڲᡣһĽҲؽԼľΪϲ¥
ŰţѵѾ˳̶ȣ
Ŵ󳹴飬һְס˼ļ
ң
궯ħӲĴϣ
228.
228.
ʵ¹ȻͦãɻԶûеĳ̶ȡʵϣ˵ûɾ֮¹ˣǱĸױ΢꣬Ҳ˼һᣬ˼һƹŹħ
ǣϵһ֧֧ʵǼٵģҲһܹС汬ƽʱζ㲻飬ͳͳܰƽ
ڵ
ȻѾ㵽˽һĻôȻȻڼΣգԼҲһа취ܹԣȻΧǿޱȣȻ˼ħҲͬԼЩļ£ǣһ֣ͽ˼ڵħˡ
Ƕǿ֤˼ȴǾĪ
Դھջ˵һħüʱȥˣԼϴģô࣬⻹ǵһαħ
ħ޻ǿԼ򣬿ԼûʦҲû伮ɶǣ˼ԡãԼܣħ򲻿ܱϡ
ħ˵ıԴ
˼ħ⡣
һû⣬ɱһҲû⣬ǣһ˵ıԴȴܲ˼˵ıôܽͨ
ͨĵȴƫƫʵ
Ƽ򵥵һû֣Ѿħϣ
ѵˣ
˼ãԼЩԡħƺȫʱıȵץҶӣ
ģ˼ƾͽ˽ͿһʽŹֵ
էȥⶫһ˳ǹɳǹǰǼǹ⣬ǰȴһ״СԲ
СԲȦ׼˰Χǵʿ˼ʵ½㣬Ҫʲô
Ҿˣ
ᶨûɵģ˼;ãܷʲô飬ѣԼӦ
ʲôط
֮䣬һžʶи֡
»ˮУһŮճյĿž
뿪Ҷɣ
ǡ
߽ôϤǾң
Ϊʲôһ뵽Ǽ飿
˼ʵ벻ףԼģǴĹػǸŮ޴ԼģȴĿ־壬ĸоΪʲôһϵһ
˼Ȼ֪ò޵ʵҲЩȻֻ֮Ȼȱ˺üΣڵΪֱȱΣԣŲҪУС,
ڶԱȻ֮ӡ̵˼ĸоŮ֮ĳͬʱʼжˡ
ǹƵķŷĿĹʣЩڤʿҲ嵽׷ʲô顣ûпֻ֪Ŀ⻪Ǵ˼Ϊħµƴǣڤʿˡ
ǵĶǿǣҲûгֹĿ⻪ȷùŹ֣Ȼܹʶȴûжǿѹ뵽û¶ʿҲѹûѹڣʿ;ã϶йŹ֡
ˣڤʿǿʼʱҲûкֹԼҲͬ׼
һ棬СӦĿʡһ棬ʽзѾһԣʱ׼󳷡
аϲһΣһϵˡ
ӿ룬⻪ʤǿɫأʩչ˸๥ԹأܷصĶĿ⻪
ӵһǶĿ⻪ȴûײʲôƵãֱ롣
ǣ֮ȷʵȥˣ⻪֮ҫۣȴ˿
ڶʿ֮£Ȼľǿǿȡһǿ⣬˼ХħޱĶأһǿѹѾ˼ѹֱӵ䵽ȥˡ
Ӷڣ˼һֱΧʿԿħжô죬ϾԼΪ̫͡ԽԵսڤ͹Ǻ˵ˡ
һΣȴǼͬʱ֣һһӭѹ˼ɫЩףҪһ㡣
ɾʱ
ңҪ㣡
˵ţվ˼ǰȻԸˣ
Ҹô죿
һ˲䣬ǧ˼ӿͷ
һ˲䣬˼˾

ľΣյʱȻһ*ǿ󹥻˼ͺһֻʨ糱ˮӿĶǣĵ
ɣ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
಻ķ˼ϱ죡
229.
229.
Ȫ·һ߻ްĵطǣ಻ϵķΧĿռԽԽԽԽһеʿãԼͺһõĵطˡ
ޱ޼ʵĴأȥĳҡҷżС׺䣬ɢŵķ㡣

ȺģʮΧ˼ʿһͬ˾
Ҫ֪ΪղΧڤʿĺ󳷣ھ˼ԶʿѾ˰ǧء˴ΧĻδţ
ֲǣþ˲ɣûκסǿʣԼʹȫҲ˲䲼صĻ
ʱûκιħ˼Ҳʵվԭأûƶ֡ԣʿƽ飬ȥѰ֮
ǻ󣬻ʲô󷨣۶ǹؼݵķǰ۵ɢˣȻơ
Ȼÿ£ɱϾжʮʿУЩʿʶˮ׼Ǿãò˶೤ʱ䣬Ǿҵ֮ڡ
ÿֹʮʿͿʼѰҡ
ǣĿʼչʶĴѰҵʱȴȻ֣Լδ߶ʶȴʼֻһСڣ
ʿȻ֪һͽ磬˴УͻᱻԻ󡣲˽صʿôֻΧڱ仯ȴʼձһ֮С
ǣ˽ֽʿ֪ȥƳ硣˵Ҳ򵥣ֻҪʲôƶһ£еʿȻܹӦȷĳ·
ڣʮʿֻҪһʿǿйƽ磬Ӧ֮£ʿ񣬲۵ģȻΪߵλʿϡ
棬㣬ʮʿУΪߵģҲǷġΪһʦ
Цݣͬʱ˳
Ҫʿܿߵ϶ᾪһ


󷨰ΣһֱӾ͸
ǿ󷨱͵ģѶȺֻܴҪһƥ䣬ͻۿۡˮ׼ڻȪɳǵĶʿԲһдƷ
ֻ״ʢǰȥۿɼ˿ߣϵһ𣬾ͺһ𽥳Ŵ˵
˿ƺܴ¾汾ˣҲ״Խ
Ҳһμ⿴ԽԽƴţǶŲǿ߲µĽ磬ֻҪҲ˲,
еٶȺܿ죬һʹ˽ڱڡȻѴ֮ʶĽͺȻ
ɾ絹ͬʱ
ͻȻ˾޴仯
ԭĵգȻͱɫģȫǿ籩꽫ס
ǻ󣬺籩ꣿ
ʼˣ
粻ƫƫԼƵʱ򣬻гֹֻҪǰ׳գܲµó⹥϶Ǹйأ
ɫ΢䣬Ҫջʱ׵ľ˹
һ磬һȥʶ֮ǿΪ֮ߣȻ˸ֲ
ԴΧħ޵ڣ滹ûԼܻ·ľΪǼǿ֮Ҳе㹴Ķǣ˼ٹٱҲͽ˼ˡ
ǣ˼·ˣî˾·ǿ߶һħʱƾֵļתֱ£Լܵв
һʩչͬʱӦͻĿ磬һƵ룺ȻǿŪˣڸʲôѵΪ֮Уһ֮Ƕʮʿ
粫ʱʿ̾ҵ˽㡣ʩչʽķܿƽͬܿģҲ˸ͬľ֮С
廨ŵĹ糱ˮʿ
ͽʿĻ󣬹Ҳá˼Ļ󹥻ȴȫʵʡЩʿһ˿Ͻֵһʩչǻһ߰ĥⲼʿ㶺ˣǶԺģҲܺĵ𰡡
ǣû뵽ǣԽǿǻĹԽǿ󡣶ŶţǵʿûߵףԼߣЩʿЩѷòʯ鵤ˣ
ֱʱʿŻȻ
ϵˣ
230.ʱ
230.ʱ
Զļأʱ򣬶֪ôһ£Ǿ.ˡ(ȶ.k.)
ֻΪԶԶ߹ʮʿǿߣпӲƴǣǱǿˮƽûѹ֣ɴѴһɵˣοô鷳
ֻһֿԡղκη
ۣΪʲôֻеǿһ֣ħޣ󷽲ų֣
ʣֲĻĳ֣Ҳڴҵķ
εԭ򣬾Ͳö֪ˡǣǿ߶֪ȥǵץħޣԸҪȥ
ûκԥǿﴫ֪ͨ˱ſڤʿˣȻ󣬾Ӳ˼»󹥻ѰһۣҪȥ
ȻϣӲ˺ü»󹥻֮󣬻ĹԽԽˡûãɴƿɢˡ
ǣʮǿȴһƬ
˼ˣ
ǣ˭֪˼ʲôʱ򲻼ģ
ææµµö죬Ϊջˣȴⷬģ˵ǼǿˣڳʮڤʿҲû˭ԹưͿ
ҾͲˣܷɳҵģ
ŭˣϧѪĴһʹâ󣬼˲ȱҲײдƣ
ʿ״̲ס˸
ʦţ档Ҫô෨һԵĳӹֻ·ķݶ
⼸ǿʶʵץסħޣԼҲܸ
֣
ǻ࿴˿ֶҡҡͷ
ûħǸ⡣ɮ٣ô֣
ټħѾܵûӰˣһǱǿ߲֪ʵʵߵͣһ˿ùˡ
ţ⼸ǿ߾ʹùġƣȫɳ⼸ǿ߳湰˹֣Ƕȥ
Ŀ⼸ǿȥһЩ
Ȼħޣ⼸һҲٸˣһã
ȵȷ⼸ǿ뿪һƬ淽Сļһ
ֻⱦģ͸еָϳ£С˽ǴƳɡ
ⱦһС˾ʹӿȡһ˿ߡ漴С˵Ľһ㡣

оһߵ״ҡҡͷֽ߸ݻ١
ⱦĴһ£ܿ죬С˾ȡһ˿µĺߡͬģС˵Ľ⣬ٴһЩ,
ǲԡЩ۵ĿСˣȪ·Ĺ̫࣬鷳
СʵǽͣһֺģܹչµĲдɡ뿪˺ö꣬СҲܽ΢΢Ĳдȡңһ˿ָнķ
ΨһõǣСÿһιͻһЩС˵ѵã治ʦƽʱŪһЩҲϡ
Ѱ£ᶯϡһ׷ɱħޣڵ֪ħɹͰⱦϡȴûϵıʹⱦˡ
Ҳ޷ŬȥҡԼڶѾкܳʱˣħ޵ͻƿ
ȻǰζʧˣĴΣ¶ϲЦݡ˿С˵ָʹŷзǱ߸ٷȥ

Ȼ֪ȻҶӷʱ˼˳ǣֻҪû˼ȪɳǣԶһƬʿ;㰲ȫ
ǣһʱҲ벻ʲô⡣
ѵͼ¼𣿡
˼ȷѹĵǱȪ·뿪ȪɳǡֻҪûʲô鷢;Բκηա
ͼ¼¹֮֮һԼ¹ǱʿһγҲὫԼ
һ룬ûбİ취
֪ǣ˼ֶԲߵʱһǿ׷ɱǰ棬һҪԮ˼ʿҲڳƶ

ƶģȻҶɡԶԶĸоѹоҲŶ˼ڸЩʿǣͼҴҵ߸ˡ
ʵԭҶͿ뵽һƬ·ЩȻƺƴҲۼȣǣǿҶɣʩչϵɴЩΧ
ߵ·֮ʯȻԼһ顪
Ҳ԰ºᣡ
231.ط
231.ط
º״ҲҶɵһĲ(ֻ3ܼס.С˵)
ԭҶɸоֻҪԼӤˣӦа취ºԪɢ⡣ɳӤһʱ䣬ڶԪ̤ԪӤ߽ˣҶȴûҵ׵Ľ취
ʵ֮ʯͱҲһֱѰҽ취ֻ𷭱ĹţҲûһԽԪɢ⡣֮ʯкüְ취ɻ£޿ʩչ
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ıʣԼԪԶǿǿнԪˡȻ󣬲ʲôϸͳͳԼС
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ٺ٣Ȼô֮ʯԽ˵Խ⣬ϾĥȫСӣ㣬֪֪ϸ裿
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ĽжᲽ֮֮ʯ˵Щ裬ϸܽġҲǼסˣûж롣⼸ĥһ£ƺһлɳˡ
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Ҷɺͱԣǰϵһ̾׹ֻǣ˲ֻǳѧһӾͲ³һ衣
û֮ʯӦǻԷǣȻʼɶԷԪ֮䣬лɳˣ
֮ʯôһ㲦Ҷʱ
ˣ֮ȷʵͣ٣һԷвд棬ͻĺ֢
ҶʱףΪʲôôʿֻ֮ת;ѡ飬ֻҪһߵüˣͻȻˣɽҲͱ뽫Ϊᵽܸߵĳ̶ȡ
һڣҶҲ֮ʯʲôˣ֮ư֮ʯԴطĽ֮ҶԽã˷С
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ԥģҶ˫ϣҪһЩ֮ȻԼҲᵣܴķգҶɾĿȥ
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űĵڶξҶѾһȥ
Աļʶ᲻֪ҶɵʲôҪڶԪ񣬸Ԫĳ

ԪκηӦĻᣬҶɵĵڶԪ񣬾Ԫڱѣ
ǿҲܲһԪӤ߽׵ԪԱһʹ꣬һ˲䣬ãԼƺҪʧȥԼԪĿơһ̣־ãƺֻҪŬһ£һٴλָ״̬
֮ʯ˵ؼһ
֮ı֪һж޿ˣҶɵĵڶԪѾ׻ԼݼŵĻᣬԼᱻᣬҶɵıҲٱס
ؼһ˲Ҷɵվ飬ڷЧáǿŰûڣʼʩչ֮ʯط
ովúп»ػò̳ܱʩչطˡǵһοطǰҪط̵ԼԼҲܻý뱱ϸĻᣬɱ
ǣһΣȴʧȥȫѹƵ
ҶɵԱҡҷһʱûȫָ״̬
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ȵΣգñԽûڣԼǰľ
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ǱΪȻԪǣyijingϰԪȻǿ󣬵ҲԼ׸򣬽ҲӲԪ
ڣҶɶyijing˵ڶԪĴۡdanshiȴɲֹۡ
ڱ׷ڲѵʱҶɵıҲ˲Ծ
оǸԪǱĨɱ˰ôûи㶨
ֵһûлȻϱȷͻˣѹҲղҲ½danshiҶɻǺܵġ
ֻһʱҶҲ벻ʲôȥﱱΪһֱȫڶԪڵı廹ֻǴ壬Ԫϣ뱱ϸ֮Уһ֮
ڵ˵İΣʱȻȻľͻЩҡ˻Լˣ̸ǻᱩųɾţ
ɵСӣϿᵤ֮ʯһ
ֻǿϸԪϸֻҪɽ𵤣Ԫˮ׼ͻشԾ
ȻҶҲ֪ǽᵤˣܹ뱱ϸ֮һˣղԪӤ߽׵ĵڶԪ޷ԸԪ𵤾Ԫ񣬾͸ܶԸԪdanshiܱվżúá
οԱڸţԶûиղǰΣֻҪԼȥˣ״û׼ʱ֮ʯúúϼһ¡
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֮ʯ֪ЩʲôҲ֪Ԫ񵽵ж۳ҶԱ˫ڵأʼŬˡǵҶɳɹᵤԼûܽ뱱ϸûˡ,
𣡲ҪϽҽԼҶڽᵤţ
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ΪңҪƴ˰
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Ȼ𽥻ָ̾Ϳǹ۵
Լȫʢڣ飬ҳݡɺܶǰԼͱַ֮ꡣǰòʧ󣬻ָ˲ǣռѹơͻȻܽһҪļһ˵ԱˣԼۼһliliangֱɡԼڵ״԰飬ʤϡ
ʱһ㣡ָliliangɱ
ɲһζܵûаգ̾ͷ˱ԪԶݡ
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СܲܲҪôô̵ʱᵤ᲻ʲô֢
һ¿֮ʯеղסļơǣ˼󣬾ͿʣʳǣҲͲôɷ羰ٶ˵ʲôˡ
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һǵϸʱҴҵӣ;ۣľһԪһˣǸô죿һ뵽ֿԣһ¡
ѾԪӤıϸ˵ŸոսᵤҶɣȴû취ˡֻܿŽ𵤵Ĺâ˸£ǻ˸
ͺһҶҪ˵ĻƵãЦһʢĺɻ
СһֿЦģ֮ʯԼжҪˡֻϧЩţ棬Ϊ鲻ͬ飬ҪҪԵġûлε֮ʯ˳̾һҲͲ¼θлˡ
СһǸϽ룬ôɱԪɡʱˣɾѹסˣ
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Ĭһݺݵ˦˦ͷû취ˣɣһʱ֮ڻҲҾȥ
˵ģʧΪ취ԪӤԳʱʵռ棬ҸʵᣬҲʲô¡
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壡ּƷʣȥң
ҶջһЩȻ֮ԽԽǾȻ̫֮ǿˡȵԼܹշʱ򣬱˵ͬǿˣΪ߳ԼһǿߣҲⲻҪԼȻ
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ԪŵΪ㱻֣Ҳ׵úܡȴûϵҶɵĹƣ
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ҶɺͱûϵǣĬһЦλת֮УȻһشΣ


ΪҪʱ䣬ЩΧɱ˼ʿŻٴ׷ǣֻʱǿѹֱ߶
⻹㣬о׷ɱģֻһʿѡʿȴһһǰƣͺҲ˼ƴ
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Ҷɲˣڱ׵ɱȵʿҲٵĸоСһЩʿϽ˱׵ءʿȴͬһҶǰ㣬СĳѹҲĵطǱȥ

һȺԪӤڤʿͬҰеĶһ㣬˷Χ˹Ԥϵõ֮ԼһĴң
неҶɣмʿҲ߷ɡΪĴ󶯾Щͷۣ֪ôּܴǿ˼ȳǼʿ֮кȻһ
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ʱ˿̣ҶҲ⡣
˶⻰ȷʵûһЩƷ֮Ըߵǿߣоû뵽ǲоЧԤĻҪã
ƸЧѣǴѶƣźۼľܽѶϢʿվԱߣҲõĻᱻ
鷳ǣֻӵơҶɾţҪǱҪô죿ԣ缸ǰѾټǿߣо
ڣǵѶоˣҲѾ󹦸ɡЩǵܹҶɵıʹãһ벻ĺô
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ԭҶҲơҪ֪һʩչһȦһȦĹ׷ˣҲܿ
ͽʿ⻹Խ߽ʿڸⶴǿභһȦȦâǻƶ˿գ
оõͽʿҲʩչ޹âƣҶɶЩǿߵ
ڣƷȻֻҪܸԵɣò˶ãͽǿߣҲʩչâƣ,
ҲϲãҶɵ΢΢˸ССĻȡֵĻߣȴˡ˸Ī⣬ǡͷ
ʵͷǿ棬Ҳͬоԡ
ΪʦٲʱõıҲ쳣ɹۡԶԶڻȪɳʿ֮ϣ
ҲԭԣһֱܾãǸʿîˣԼֻҪƴŷ鱦𣬿Ҳܸͽʿƽ֡
սͽ׶ƽ֣ͬʿ͵κεˡȻΪҲͶѣȴԸúܡ
ڣԼȫɱȻĪľڴˣԼ̵ķ鱦ҲƲεĽƣ
һ̣ЩˡԼ״ֱ̬˴ɱ
һƷ鱦ɽ鶯ʱпֵܳĹȴ֪ʵһ֮УҶҪɱУҲһģ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ܹǰ
ûâֻҪȥռ룬ȫǰɣ˵ҲʮˣǧҲѾˣ
뵱ҶɳθԪӤǿභƣûѶ೤ʱ䣬ԪӤǿ߾ͳ˹ȻȵǿˣҲԶԶһζǰλȴǶǿߣҲ̫̫߳ࡣ
ıóѣʱԣҶɹЦţⳬһۡ
һɣ䣡
ԭͺĻȪռ䣬ڸǱû촿¡һƬƬѪɫڶ𣬾Բʮռ䣬ͳͳǣ
ʲôôҲȦȥˣ
ãǿܣ
ҲҪѪģӵķûɣ
һ˷ЩԶԶǱţҪ˫񶷣һЩôǿǣȻ֣Ҷɲµ󷨣ǵм䣬ԼЩ뵱ȸģҲһȫȦ˽
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243.νħ
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ϵ󷨣ҶɾúǹŹ֡
˼е󷨣ѵ˼Ҳ˼ꣿ
Ҳʶ˼ȴҡͷشֻһָоҾãѪƺӦó֡
ŶҶԽùŹˡ
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ȴû룬⡰ڡһʣȴ˼ɫ΢΢һ졭Ȼˡ
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Ҷѣ㻹ǲ֪ħˡħޣħСҲħΪԼĹ򵥽һȻ͸ɴԼѯ˼ã߽㣬ħеʲô
ĩˣһ䣺ǾΪѣҲظ߽㣬ûΪ
˶˵ħԶΪΪԼˣ˼Ͳòǿش⡣ôΪȻӣ顣
˼ȴݸһЦǺ˵½㲻ʣ˼ҲҪ˵ġ
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½㣬ǰùһŻֽƳɵķǾеħеӰӡ
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һӣǿ˵̫ħķ̫Źˡ˼˵ͿɹΪΪǺܸˣľˮ׼̫
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ɿܵ˼ӦνħУ̶ȣ

ҶɺĿ˼ȫ˵ʲô츳׿ԽܸߵʿȻ˼Ļ֮࣬Ͳ֪ħ̫أԼ̫أ˼ԼҲ̫ѹû˵ס
һҶ˵˼˵ħУʿǳ𣿲ʿеߣҲ׷̶ȼ
Ҷʣ˼֪ΪʲôԼǼĽͣľȻҶɺ
ǣҲ֪ôˡˮ׼ħޣܶʱԼףȴ׼ȷ˵˵ˣҲԼҪ˵Щʲô
һ˼ǿҵ˸취͵˵ȴѰϵȷ˵ҾôѰϵָľʵƴȴܴⲿΪáⲿɵõʵҲ
˼˵ĻǺģνⲿĸէһ͸ʹʹūʹ鵤ȵȵȵȣûʲô𡣿ȴѾ˼ƺ뵽˵ʲô
ҶȴһͷˮͶħһ֪ʹùŴе㾭顣ȫ벻ͨħеҶɣҲͲȥ룬н٣ľ
ħаǿˡҶɳ˵ҲħΪȥ֮˼ԺʱǶСһ㣬Ҫǳӡ
š˼ͷӦһ
һС˼΢˵ҡɲԸҶϣ
ң
Ҷû뵽˼ʣһʱ䲻֪òôӦҶɲɵӣԴӾ˼֮˼һЩٶζʲô֪ȻҶΪԲɾ˼ߣЩס
ҶɺҪܾ˼ɵü˵ұΪͲߣʱܱ׷ɱҶϾʹҰɡ
˼⻰϶úܻΪҶɲֻǽ𵤳ɣ˼ȴѾн𵤸߽ˮ׼ⴳ磬˭˭
˼˵ҶɣרоֻżһߵĶ԰׵ʲôġ,
սҶԶԶ˼
˼ҶҲͲٶƴǡţ˽˴˵ҾٵǱˡҪҲν㾲ޣҲֻԶ˵䣬Ҫ˵Ǳ޸ȥҵ麣Ҳ϶ԱҸ߸·ˡ
ǣҶЦ˵ҲǣҺôǿ䳤ϣÿһ˴Ǿ͸һʱɣһҪȥ麣ǾͲܴȥˡ
ţ˼˵͵˼ͷ
Ҷɺ˼˵⻰ʱպôӲлع
ҲҪȥ麣
ĬĬ˼һ£ҶԶԶΪáȻ麣һǵ֣չֶ̫죬ǵΪá
£Ҳȥ麣˼һЩħ⡣
ʻǺܺģֻ֪ƤëԼȥû뵽˼ȴмðȣ½һʣ̾޾ϸ˵˵˵֮˵˺ö෨֮
Ҳ˼˵ϸҲûв˽ԼĵгϾŴɣΪָڤʶ֮㣬֮ǿ˼ܱȵġһ̸˵˶ǳħûʲôҶɣҲѧ˲ٶ
⴦ռ䣬ｻ̸Źħ⡣ʮڣڶʿƴѪѪѾƵ˺üͬʱڵʿҲʮ˵ʿһЩڴҶϣ̰ͼļһǣ̾Ҫˡ
ߣȻϸڤԪӤʿ֡ʱʹг˳һ鱦ѪءѪ񹥶ȥҶɵ˵֮䣬Ѿ嵽ıԵ
ҶѣǸǿҪӵˣҪȥæѡ
ҶɺǺЦѲɣӻΪɱⶴǿߣ˵ˣ󷨣ڤɱ
һ飬ȻʿȫԪӤ硣ڤϣһ
ȻˣǾͿЩ߰ɡҪⶴǿټסķǿɾ鷳ˡ
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ԶԶķѹҲֳһ̰ʿ֮Ҷɾһ·ۣһֱ赽һߡ
ҪҶͣҲܸǷԲʮĳ
ѾҶδѵֶθ۷ˣҶɻ˼иڰ͸ӾȡȴеڴжѧСҪ֪ǶǿѾߺԶˡ־룬ǻʿĹҲۿۣ֪ҶɻʲôǶǿߣ
µõҶɸԼ֡ģѾʥǱߡ
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;Ҷ̫Ź֣𵤳ɣȻܰԼǿ߸òòʱ˱ܡһ·гɱȻ˳ľ裬ȴһûзɰ֡
ӺȻ棬Ҳ̾ʹԶԶľͽǼ档
ۡ
ոձ赲ͺȻѿһصЩ׹˸ǹ졣
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һǰ鱦ЭٴӴóһģ׼ɢ׹˸ĵطһҺ䡣
ֻһȥЩʲô˼ıЩȴȥ䵽˸Զĵط
һЧȴԽ
Ҳ̫˳˵㣬Ǹ͵Ϯҵļһأ
ԼöǿߣܸҶݣҲӦܶҵѲɣһѹļһ
аݣǸұøȴ֪ҶҪľЧ
һʥ֮ʯ֮ĬĬۿղŵİ֣ʥġ˵ֻǶ龳磬ФֻʿҲ֮ܿƼ
ԽԽӦÿˣ
ʥʱȻ죬ôѶƣ֪Ҷɡ
һԲε⣬׵ĳҶɵǰ˼ʧɫΪͻȻ⵽˹ǣȴҶɫ䣬˵
Ǹˡ,
ȥǵԲʱȴʧ
ѾЩľˣӳҶɵڣһϵѾ̫̫ࡣԼҲ׸飬ɴ۲Ĳˡ
ôߣ˿ܣֻһ䡣
˼׼ΪҶֻʲôطӡǣûҶȴǺЦɳȥ£ҪʲôϺõĴͷзҲ׳á
;һΣֱǲԼĶˡ
ҶѣڿЦأʧȥ̬ЩָԶΧʿ˵ѵǳصģ㶼˵ˣ˲ڤʿǷɳȥһ·ϻжٿڤʿؾѻɳȥ˵ɣ
һͨҶɵĻش𡣿ǣȴֻҶڿлһղһԲȦȻͳ˵ߣң
Լ࣬Ҷ̾ͳ󷨣ķ򼲷ɶȥ
ֱҪѪˣǰҵĻ𣿺úúãҵҪƣôôڤʿ׷ɱ
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ڤԸһڤ𵤣ֱֵƫƫûеһʱ֡
ڤʿҲ׿ԽʱͿǰƺе㲻ϡǻΪԼƺƴǸڤŮ޾˶ܵͷǣҲΪ⣬ʹ㷢
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ȴסһŻɫķʱ׼֡
һǣҶɼûԭأҲûʩչʲô淨ֻһ¡
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Ц֮쳣ǿıǿռޱȾ޴ĸض죬ܹܻʿĳ֮ʯȫвȫٿ֮ͼ˹ֵܹһˡôĸ߱ˣ
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ʵȪ·ϣǾ޵ĺõطǣȻԼöᰳ棬ַ棬Լһᷮʿʱס˶ᰵĲǶ᰺ôǻʿŭ֮࣬϶ῴһߡѾס˻Ȫ·Ҫ֮ڣѰɱͽ֡
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߶µģѸղ߷˵һ顣˵ˣ滹æĲһ䡣
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ŭ֮µĶᰣҪһй;ҲڤʿʲôɣɨҶ֮ƣͳͳɱ
ħ𣿻һ᲼ĽʿߣȻǽ˻Ȫ·ͱųȥ
գò˶ãŵӾͻյᰵǻȪ·ĳڣֻӶɳȥ
Щ֮󣬶ֺݺݵʶɨһܱ߰ռ䡣ȷûзʿټ㬵ĸ˻ȥ

ˣȴܱߡ
ɻƺѰǣʿ⻿ɻƣȴһҲѰ
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ÿһʿɻƣص㶼Ǿͬġֹֻ֮ˣɻơ
챥֮ʹȻһһѹեҵ𣿶Ǻ
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û취ˣҸطָٿԺɡ
̾˿ͺԶȥȴûϵֻɻƣ㲻ıߡߵǣԶԶĿһθ֮ʱҲͬʱˣǸħ޵Ĵڡ
ħޣϽȻҴֵվ
˵˼Ǳɱ˹ȥһΣûиôģ͵͵ģħ޵һһ֡
ʬΣѽͷ֮ޣ
Ǳȥȴûϵ⣬ı֮Դ
248.ߵ棨£
248.ߵ棨£
ħʢ˼ھһɱ䡣
ʱ˼֪ǣν̶ȵļ׸ǸкιֻģģĸоνƺָĲֻǡԼ塱Ҫʲôǡ̶ȵĽ伤ͨ
˼ɹȲСҪȥʿͻ᲻ԾǿҵĵִС
ħ֮УҪȻʿܷУ˼Ҳ;ȥ顣
ħʢȴƫƫĳ嶯ֽȻ˼룬ҶײһռϷ磬ò˶ã˼ΪȫȻľΪ϶Ҫˡ
ʱ͵͵Ǳ˹
֮ʱĲ²Ⲣûд˼ȷкܶ취Էֻʿʶ˳ܻʿ̽顣֮Իᱩ¶Ϊڱ׵зһ֮˼ûжˮƽҲûҶôõΪȫ֪ʮѨѹû֮ʵһۣ
óȻǿ۵˼ǿԴԴӿֳȸýͷöڳĶǿߣѾЦĿԼˡ
ʱ˼ǱۣԸûȥټҲûоȥ֮̽ڣһûбħʢΪյǱʱ˼ľѾ
ôֻʣԪˣߣҶ
ʱ䣬˼ĵƫת
棬˼ûκġһεľȴװĶȥ
ħӰأÿһضܲ滹ûнӽ˼ߣѾ֪ıħӰ
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鱦˲ȥˣˣͿҪħˣǵħ޻ûκηӦղűħ޵ʿҲû¶סϲ
û뵽ԼⱲһ¶ЦݡħޣΪֵ̾ʱǰȻһڣ֪жٸħӰ˵ϡ
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ƴѣ
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ԶԶ˼ǧħӰ֮Уת淴̫ʱֻáĹмʱģȴǹƺܸڤᲢ۵ĸ߽ǿߣ
ֻգ۵ĹʵʵĹ˳ǧΡͱᰴΪҲֻпڤ棬ɵøεѣ顣,
ǿʿвľҲЩҧԷƴˣжԶӶԶ
ҪӣڵȻãƾԼԪ鱦Ӧûʲô⡣ǣȴ˽ħޡ
ʵжʿ˽ħأ˵ˣ¹ţһħЩĻʿҲ˽⣡
ԦʹԪ鱦ٶȳǧħӰʱΪԼѾӳˡǣһӷɳȥ·ʱȴòԪ鱦ϵ
Ȼԭشת
Ҷڰս϶ᾪȵķֻ֣нΪ˼ȻŤռ䣡
˵ǽˣ֮ʯ˵ǵͽˣҲֻÿռŤһѡŤռ䣬Ǹ߽˲п񼣣
ǣ˼ĵȷȷˡ֪ԼʲôӵġǱҲ֪⡰ǱԺη۷飬Ҫ쳣ʱȥ̽ʵĲȴȻ

Ĵʻ㣬Ѿ޷˼˴𾪡
Ϊĵȷȷֻн𵤣ʱȻܹӵпڤʵʩչķţȻͨ˶޷գ
ҶûһԹս򣬾ľȻͻƵڤ磬ϱڵطԼôǿȻ֮ųɾˣһ˿ֲľ޴Խ뷴϶ңΪˡ
طҶɶңֻ֪Ƥë棬͸˵
ȫ⣬ռΪλŤ
ǿ޷
ǿֲѹܵ·ߣ
ͳͳǣ
ͳ뷨һɲκóǿ־壬ľȫֻܿġ
ӣĹҰɣĹҰɣ
شģֻЦ
ã㲻ŹңҲң
һҧҪԱ
ԱԱ˵һɡ
ƮƮһ仰ʱй
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ǣ˼ոһͷʱʢħһ
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249.ľ
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ȻҶɱΪԶԶ˼ǰֲǣеõĺôȴԶԶáΪĸܸġ
һֱϸе󣬶ҶɵĲ֮Ҳ˸֪Ҷɣʵϰ裬ŵĶһͼûκΣաһֱڣҶɶڵģ󷨻᲻Լ
رǣԭȰ֮ʯ˵ֻҪҶɳӤˣͿ󡣿ǣҶɵڶԪӤ֮ȴԾûƵ󷨣
ʶ֮ʯԲ׼󷨵ӦôˡҶǵģ󷨻᲻Լ鷳
ҶվǰѹĵˣʲôħڣڶԪ񱻻٣ֻǽ𵤳ɣӦøԣⲼ󷨣ػ֮ϥ޵ҶɣѹҲûȥ֮¡
⣬ڲ䷢
֮еҶɣֻǺʶһɨȴķ֣ԼʶȻܹ͸ǰţһֱǺ֮ĩˣ
ʵ֮ʯûпҪ󷨣ľΪ
ǷΪԪΪ롣Ψľˮ׼ܳɹ󷨣
ʿǾġҶһ֮Ϊʲô
Ϊ
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ԼŮʿбµֵʿȻŵĲƺҶ͡ǣԣչǲġ
ǣͲѰȴĿģΪ˲Ҷɵľˮ׼
ֱܾ֮Ҷɷ֪ľĿ飬ʵԼΪġ֮ľˮ׼ΪԪΪͬôⱲӶƵ
ҲΪʲô֮ʯˡȻҶɵĵڶԪѾﵽ֮ʯԤҪ󣬵ǣȴƲ
ڣҶɱΪֻǽ𵤳ɣԪΪҲֻнԪӤסǣľˮ׼ȴڤʿ£һϣ
ΪʲôԪӤ߽׵ĵڶԪ񣬶ôŵڵΪȴԿǺžͷ
žͷɽҶɴδƼľۡ
ҶȴûмŶȥžͷ̽󷨸İءľҶʶԼеɻ󣬻ƵĹؼ֮ڣ,
Ҳ˵ƴ󣬿ĲǷΪҲԪΪ˵Ǿľ
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Ҳ˼ɲꡣ
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Ҫһ£˼ǿҶɵĵڶԪģҶҲõڶԪʵ顣ϵõҶɾȻ˵ڶԪ񣬱ֱȥʹˡ
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˶ҶҡͷЦ
ˣˣѾͺúιһ°ɡ⻹ҵһԵ
ƽҶɣɵ̤һʵСϪ߽δ֪250.¾
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Ҷվ֮أΰۣвɵøпǧ
ˣȻľˮ׼˲٣ȴ޷׿þ澳
ʱ˿̣ҶɽѾꡣȻ֪ʵԼĻþǣʱĲƣԽԽãԼƺҪȥˡ
뾡ȥȥһ
꣡
ҶԼĹǣܸ֮㶨þԼͻ᳹ʧþ
ҪǣҲԼûʱã
ڣڷſΪ֮ʯҲΪܹػرڤΪ˸ĸ̰ıԣһʱģҲϾʱԼξޡ
ǣܻǻԼġ
һΣڶΣΡҲΣΪԼġǣĴˣʱ䳤ˣô޶ԣ
ҶţֻҪˣþҲƵˡֻҪþƵˣԼһεĻԵҲͻҷˡ
ԵԼһͿ׷ġ
ͨ˶ԣһʧĵµİӰͺܿӰһӡʿԣһʧܸпħĳˣôҲֻܵȵȷŲħ֮ҶɲŸҼԡ
⣬ȴֲ֪Ҫꡭ

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һʧǾͳʧȥ˻عϣܱȳԼ֮·ҲѾߵ˾ͷ
Ҳһ˱ó̡
ľһõҪȥϲŭ֣ϡֻȥпľ
ҪֲΪԣһ˵ọ́ϡ
һҶۣؽ¡ҹգǵ㡣
ǷĲݵͷҹ
һжôʵͺԼڷ۴󽭣ҹγӡ
˳£ǧأҶɲſĴڡ
ȣһЩɢĴׯԼµũũ
ǰûԶһЩϡϡ̴ͳԶһսݵڽϻʹ
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ĥ£ùֻԶԶЩǹʿҶɾѾ򵽣ҪжľܿȻþ
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ʱ䣬ľ֮սǹ̼
ûе˵սûжֵսƣ⽫ԼеĻþԼĵˣԼĶ֡ʵϣҪģԼġ
ļԦСۣսҶѾԶս˳£ʶԶ۳ʻȥʱȻ֣սϳһɧ
ҶɺĻͷȥֻЩʿһ¶壬źϺϣƺںʲôǣȴƫƫûһ˿ߡ
󣿡ҶɺǾȣû뵽þģ磬Ȼʿڣ
Ұ棬ҶҲżԶ۲һЩࡣЩеӽɽﴳǣҲֻͨѡֱڣҶɵʶ֮ǿûзʿĴڡ
ȻҶɲǾʹΪ⴦֪жĻþȫֻͨࡣֻû뵽ԼŸոպսȻûܷʿĴڣ
Ÿով磬û뵽£ܷͻƵĹؼ֮ڣ
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һʿˣѪװȾɺɫΪĴڣҶɿ϶Щʿʹధ
ҶҲȡ
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ҶɺܺĿ𽥱ɵս̫ˡ
Ҳǿ˵ϮɱսʿӹŹ֣ϲԼһһɱǣܲӦɱ֮󣬲Լ鷳
ų˵ȻʿҲһĻӦʹɱ֣ĿߡǣǺӰɱˣȻһ˻𣬾ʹӴͷȥһССľۣ﷫ȥˡ
ȼĻþȻӦóش߼©ݻӦǸศɵġ֮࣬Ҷĥ˺üֿԡգó˿һۡ
һֻƶٶȿ죬ǿʶȴ쳣⣿
Ⲣǲܵ顣
ԼʶǿľҲߣǣΪȴֻ𵤶ѡ
˼ԽΪüǿǣľΪȴúܣҲܸнʿᲢۡ
ȻӣȻҲпܻٶʶˮ׼ȴԼʿ޷ֵʿڡ
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Ҷû뵽ǣΪԼȻˣʲôħУ

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ҶɺСġ
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ССһ˿ڵĳУԲҲͰģˣԶԶģҶɾͽڰȫעĶʿж
ȻҶϣʿյģͽһƫƧС
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ӣҶɶϵԼϵɸӸȤˡ
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ҶɵԪ񣬿ƽ𵤳ɣʵȴнԪӤ֮ơҲ˵ֻпڤʿٶȲпѹһ
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ҶɱͱϷľǡӳͬһġǣ˿ڵľ޳֮УûѶģȻȻߵ
ŸɫḶ́ҶֻǸ⸡֮ĵȻоȻƽıң۾ˡ
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ʲôĲҶɵɣĿһӾʹȴƫƧСΨһɣŮϡ
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ŮʱͺˣȻֱúܰ׺ܰף˵ˣҲúЩɬ
ȿȣչأǲ͸¶ЩϢġ
ŶҶ΢ĴһǰŮˣԭλǸɫǡףȻ˼
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ҶһӾͿԼ룬ŮɵôʧɫϽҪȥ
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˵ţҶҲܾˣҲ硣һʧ
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ʵϣȥĹҲָļңҶɿŮ÷ƿһңǡþ֮һ
ΪղѣΪʵ̫ɫ˵㡣Щ̵ŮӦǣܹܵⷶһ˫ɫ۵ģʵҲҲ˼ŮӦܵḶ́Խܷɵá
ǣصǣȻɫȴûиκŮʲôϸ𡣱˵С֮ûŮ㡣Ƿ绨ѩ֮أҲһζûȥ
رǣżӷһЩ̸ۣظСԴĿҲڡɫǡ֮⣬һš
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ǣҶȴ֪ɷǵǷӣþԼ֮⣬Ψһһ֪Ĵڡ
ţҲֻǰڡ
Ŷ룬ǺôһƬ֡ҡҷȻµķ羰
һߴ󷿡û߽ƷĵƮȻ
˽Ҷѣ︡һա
УҶɲɵûں͵
Ʈ죬ɽˮתޡҵһϴա
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ޡshijieʵĴڡɫºúõĴһҶɣŲ˵ʵģȷʵģѵshijieȷֻǸþңǣԼǧɽˮúɽʵȫֻΪסһˣԲŻݵĴڣ
˵ûҶ΢΢ЦȷеĽþҲµģΪҵľΪþˣҺܺ棬㵽ôþģ
Ȼ΢΢ЦţȴЩ
Ҫ֪ƻþҪľΪⷶɣῴһԵķӣĸľðһ䡰μģǿɾЦˡ
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Ҷܹ񿴴ղǸŮһһۿɵģҲò鷳ˡǣⷶɿҶ߽þĥ͸Ĵڡϸ˷һ󣬵˵ǻ˵ɣһʱҲþʧ
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ԭҶ䵭˵Ȼһжã벻࣬ʲôأ
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꣬ԼҲѰʿһ׷ʱԼϲ⡣
ȻΪվǣԼȴȫûʶǡǡʵ̺⡰֮СֻҪˡԱΪ
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ѹħһͿʩչԶΪԭԵɣΪ
Ψһ⣬Ҷɻ̫סǾǣΪʲô˵ħҪͨ˼Ҳ˵Լֻħȴûħ
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ԭɲɫǣŮӣرƯŮһۿ
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һɱȻܽʮħʿһ򾡡ԼͻȻ֣һЩţҲԼռֱˡ
սνһۣԼԤϵǱǿֲ˰֡£һս˵ԼܰͳͳɵֻصǸˡ
ʱҶɻ֪þѾˡԼµǸʧܺȷ˵ĻþһԼԪҲضش
࣬˵ľҶˡҢϵԲײĸһӲʱ򣬱᲻
ô˵Խþĵһζ񶷣Ҷʤˡ߽ʿĿֲҲҶɼǿ˷
ڶϣ
ϣµһˡ

һʮ칥
ǰ죬Ҷɻƾǿ󷨣ĻЩɱֵĽǣʱƣԽԽ˵ʮ죬󷨱ƣ
Ҫ֪ҶɲµЩ󷨣ǳ˼ʣ֮ʯڡҶڶĸˮ׼ֵǿöࡣ
ʱ󷨣Ǳ棬òѡʱ˱ܡ
ڵ󷨣Ȼֻнн׵ʿֵס
δȫħʿȻһ죬˼ôᱻǸǿ׷õӣ
Ϊ˼ǿħΪ˼Ǳǿǧ򱶡οʿʵڣԼȻҪ̤뻯ľΪסǡôѻһ𣬾Ȼ˳ǵ棡
һΣҶɿʼɣ˼ʵʵ

˼֪ҶڻԼ϶ίҪޡ
ԼȫʢڣȫȻԸһǿߺúƴһ
кüǿΧʮڤǿΧ֡ԼСһЩ˳ҲӦò¡,
ǣʱԼۣʱһΪʮȥɣﻹǿƴֵܹԮѾԼܼǿˡ
ǣȻ˼ҶɵɣҲ֪ô˵źáΪĵȷȷΪȻԸǿ࿹⡣ҶѯʵʱԼûʵСŮ״ҪҶɵͬ顣
ڵԼѾʼɱ
ֻս˼֪ԼħôǶôĲ԰
͵Ϯȫ
ױȫ֮ʱ˼ȫԽ޷Ļһʿɹն䡣
ɶ棬˳ӤħķšҪɵһʿǿԳڤˣ
Ҫܽ׿ڤǸŮôҲԲҵĶ֡ҪҳҪɱҶҵģҵģ
ߺ޶Ťģ˼ȫͷȫ֮ʱǻʿԵĿ⣬ûע⵽
˼ѹúʲôطԾʱ򣬾Ϳǻʿٿһ㣬ܿеĹȻٿǰһݣһ˦Ͱ˼ϸ𵴣ԪӤ
ȫûл֮
ħ޶ôļҲѹˣ˭˻ԵȴѰ
һ֣ǻʿ˵ţҪʩ˼ץסԼǿħڵδˣǣͽͽõϡƽԼרĲݻûȥͽͽʲôöħˣȻܷŹ
ǣ⻯ʿոմʩʱɫͺȻ΢΢һ䣬ʱ˲˺ü·
һŨܶĺԼղվĵط۶ɢʿϵãħ޴ľ֮
ٿ͵ϮԼħޣѾܵӰ٣
ħޡȻľϧˣΪһٲҪȥ׷ɱһû׼ܴϣھ֮
ϧ̾˿ǻʿҡҡͷεĿĵأ˲ƶȥ
260.ħ֮ʵһ
260.ħ֮ʵһ
Ըʿһ˼Զ֪ʿж
ͺԸħ޶һҶҲ֪ħ޵ʵֶΡ
һʮսȻԵĻħޡǣսȴѾҶ˼̵ӡ
ʮʱ󷨱ƣҶʩչֶΣڽЩĺʿ˺Ҫʱһˡ
Ϊ򲻹ҪܣҪΪ
һٵķ²µм䣬ȴͷ棬˶ǡ
ɿһͻ֣ᷢڼǸҶʵٵġǣı߶ɣɿɲһؼҿӵһ;߳¥һ
ˣǰʿ߳ŭһһ첻Сݴլʱȴ֪һݴլʵѾ˼
ƣǿĺʿӵ롣
ǴžΪԼҪӲͷɵĸ߶ͣݴլʿвƸȫҪˡ
ǣ͵Ŀ¶׹⣬ĳŶݴլҶɱȥʱֻһȥǿԼʧصʿĵ⣬ҷˡ
ãˣ
ôܣ˿رΧֻӬɲȥ
ҲܶݵߣţҵʿǿɶڵصܼءҲϢͨţʿķ
˵ģݴլҳһࡣ
ȥʷɣ
ΣȻҪ
εɶͷԣˣȥĹҲˣڵĳ嵽˷ɵǰ
ʱ˿̣ңɻںůϣ˶ҿء顱һӣűֱײɺʱס˺еС죬ǺЦ
ôˣ
˵ݴլǲܵ
Ϊ׵ʿԾɺڽ档Ǽ¶ںڽĻ׺룬Լͷɫ̷˲ɵò²⣬ӦǸϵʿ
ͷأ§ĺһڣȻٺЦΪңͿʼܵˣôɻǴﻹдͷأ
㣬㡭Ϊ׵ʿ𾪣ɵһֻ˰벽ɣô֪˭
ٺ٣Ϊòĺڽ£ҵ۾ɺٺЦǻǸϽȥҶȥɣץסһյȻͻ
һ㼤ҷԥԥʱֱߵһȵװŪ㵽Ǻηʥ,
ŭȣʿҪº֣ú̽һ·ɵʵ
Ҫ
¶ȷԼûܰףͷȴҪ֣ζ˵ȥǣֲȥһ룬ͣסˡ
ѣһԣһͳ΢漴ǽʿʩΪˡ
һҲЩִ磬Ӵѹƽϵķסĳʵƫ˰֡
ôŻң
δЦȻ
ǸҶɿʶʱ̶ߵģѵһڵɽڣ
һ£ǽʿĺ־ᡣҪڴ齱Եģֻ˴һ˫Ь
ʱ˿̣ɲŻתĿ⾼Ŀ⼸ʿ
ȥѣҶɾԶ붫ǣ
ôôаգص´㲻˵Ҷɵʶʱ̶𣿸ղŷһУ˵һУӦѾ֪ˡ
ǵģ֪ˣȻ֪ɵϣ¶˲пЦݣǣҶȴ޷Զ붫ǰ𣿡
һΣֵҶͷˡ
ûǵӰ󣬾ĵ뿪˶ǡǣûκ׵ģȴ߲ء
ԭҶΪҲǰʿŪĹڣɵĿ⾹ǳ֣֮
ûɰһֱڻ¥ûгǣô˵ˣԾǷӣ˳ǣܲô󷨣
Ҷ־ɵʱ򣬾ɼ˵Ҳ£ҶЩɱţȻ˳ϣǵϳȥ
ǣҶû뵽룬ҶĻӰʱⷽԲҲӦһ󣡡
ٺ٣ĳҲΪ˱ҶĪ֣Īְ
˵꣬ɨ⼸ʿ
ǵͷǵľҲ˰ɣĻᣡûǣʧˣһ군
˵ţҲкζǰľƵذ壬Ϣѿһ󶴣
ʲôֶΣ
ڼʿһݣԽ䱸ʱҲͬʱյϷﴫ
ȫ
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261.ħ֮ʵ
𣿿ɷһ鷲ӣôܻ
Ҷɰ˼ģһ⡣
磬ҪԼԶ˶ǣûзǷָΣ
磬Ƿɵǽ˭֣µԼʶҵʵİ֣
ֱ磬⵽ʲôµĽƣȻԼ͸ơ
һѵ⣬ȴҶȥƽ⡣֮ǽɣ
ȫ޷õҲɣ
ɵһУҶľ
ˣֻΪǷɵ淨ҶȴǳʵǷƳþ
ʮǰԼոʶɵʱֻ֪ޣҲ֪Լͬޣȴκ顣
ʮⷶɾȻܹƵþ
һῴûзΪЩҲ˻¥еķӣȴԲƳþζʲô
ζţɵľѾֳԽþ
ɷɷչȥʲô飿
Ҷɲ֪û˵顣
Ҳ޵ķɣ᳹ʵ廯
Ҳʵ廯ķɣ᳹Ƶþ
ҲƵ˻þķɻܽԼʵѾڵĻþ֮С
ҲһжᷢҲһб⻹Ҫأ˭֪أ
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»ӰҶɣǴʱ뿪ǣȻѰЩʿĴӪġǣڣ֪Щʿ㳲֪ⶫǵĳҲ˵ҶҲòطǡ
̶ѨҲҪ

ʱ˿̣Ѿ𴲡
ľƲ˰ڷһŵϻ̳Ͽֵԡ䷿ˣ̬ǧĺ˾ҪڷɵĻС
ϣƿ˫һ˫ãһ˫˶ķڷɵĶ棬λԴ
ڵҹȥɣǸɫ
ʶɵ壬ҶɷȫɣûҶɽҪɱĽţҲûҶɿܱԶɱڶǵϲá
ҶɾãԼɵԼ϶ûƽ㻻ʿФҼФʿڸԼ̸ʱҲû˵Ĳ
һŬܺʿͳǷҶһ˼ţ
Ѿ³Ȼþʱ޷ƳþԣܷĴ󵨵ҵʲôط¶
ŸɽӴǼ죬Ʒ衢١īӺ÷ƿƺԼûʲô
ҶɷĻعǼ췢ʱһεĴѾΧ롣,
Ҷɵʶ֮ǿȻӵа˿ڵĶǣҲɸǡһЩӵһЩǿߺΧῴ
ǣȻˣҲòǰ
һУȫΪǸǵĴЦǽĵкһ˫ְĦŵļһ
ҶɴûмʶȼֶΣ뷶ȣԼùЩıƣֱСӹҼҡ
ҶҲȷɵķǲǻʲôֶΡԼǧɱǰ᲻һðʲô޵Լ·ţ
ǣȻˣҲòǰ
¥
Ƿ籩ģｫǶսʼ
Ҷɲ֪ôԼΪ·ȦָͳȥģԼʶ飬ҪǰʿѲ顣
⼸֮ҲûƽҶɵɻǷɻ§źڴϣʲô
ҶѾʶҲͲĽ
þ֮У˻þķɣֳԽ˻þķɣ˵ʲôԼȫ޷ķŴڡ
ϾһҪľܿƵĻþ
Ͼ㿴þҲ֪þݻ֣
һеһУҶɸоޱȵѹ
ǰ
Σգǰ
ΣգԼⱲٵս
οڽдԽԼþ磬ͺӲڡ
ʶܵԶĴһУѰҸ·Χɱ֮
ҶĥţӦȸЩʿ棬ӦúεֶοٽǽʱһҶСڣͣ
һѰǣҶȴɫ䡣ΪǵãӦûʹھԼĿ·ϣ
ʱҶɾ֪ԼŵĿ϶ʲôˣıн򣬿ܿһߡǣ׵ģȻһӳ˾Լʮɵ⣡
ս
262.ħ֮ʵ
262.ħ֮ʵ
һ˲䣬Ҷ뵽˺ܶࡪ
ҲһΪﵽԪӤ߾ʿƿϰȻ¡
ҲһȺ棬ΪԶ⼸Χݴլɱָʿ⿴С
Ҳֻһ塣ԼóȻֻһԼ뱻֮С
ҲɴֻǸ۷Ϊͻأ֣Լ˵ʱΧȦͽߺ£
Ҷܶǣûϵǣƿһഺٸ߳
Ȼһ϶Ը˾ϸˡ
Ȼӵ縡͹..壬΢ĳȹιյáǣȴһȻַ顣ͺǸĶŮƵá
ɴĲģȴƫƫҡҷˡȹ޷ʱʱ¶źƵõСȣԹ˵޻롣
ŮˣƷŮˡԽǰڳһׯı飬Խǻ˵..
ĶֲҶɣҲһѾöһ㵡ѹƣҲˮˡ
ֻϧҶ־ɫ޶ԣı𣬶̸Ц糣ﻹᱻСԵ˲ʧ
Ŀ⣬νŮ
һĿ⣬ͺ۾ﶢŵģһܹߵĽ..壬һѺô
̲ס˸ԴûһˣԼʵϣŮˣںȻԼʱҲڼ֮У۵顣
ǣǰˣҶɣ·Ϊ𵤣սǿ޷ޣԼȴڿһ߽֮
ۺߡ
ʵ֪Ҷɸǰǿޣʱͷˡ
ǣڣߵȴƺӦø޺ú̸һ̸
촽Ů³
Ҷѣˡ
ҶɲشʶȻʿڿٳƶ
ʮָ㣬ûκιģҶɾԾǽͷ˺̦ǽש֮У¥ķ򼱽
۸ߡ
Ҷѣ㵱ūĲ𣿡
ŭ֮£۵ĳҲԽֻһתţһ۲ɲ˿ԶȥҶɼȥ
ǣոת˿ȥʱǰľɫȻͱˡ
¹⣬ʡ
СȴѾڡ
¡¡ģƺǳ֮µ̧ͷȥʱˣӸղСķӿ

ʵ
һʱ䣬۾ȻС
۲òջعȫעӦǰͻʱźȻ򣬵ૣ,
ôĹδ֡
۵ΪʱȻΪ˸ʱ䣬Ҷʩչķ󡣵ǣںʱݻĵãȴҲѰʿܹӦ˵ġҲ΢оһħУԻڼ£һͷҪˡ

ʧˣ
Ϣ쫷㣬ϯвߵʶ
˭֯ǰʮλĸ֣
ƾһϢ˲䴩ԽصķľԻԵɫǰǼλǿߣҲ׸
ĺǿʿ֯ʵĿġǰʮλĸǣʵĿĵƿߡʿֻʵ֪֯չķԼΪʲôڳнӸవɱ
۾ƿ֮һȻʧˣѵ֯ʵĿģ¶ˡǸս֯õʿȫ֪һʵĿı¶ȴ֯ģֻб
һӴ֯ıĺ𰸲Զ
ϢǻҵģвߵĿֻš
Ϊȸϵ·صļʿֻ۵ıȴûп۱ˡ
⼸ʿĴڻһɴȥ鿴ǣ˵Ǹ˶ˣèèĴ򶷺ۼûзֻ֡Удŵĵ㣬ֹ֤
ڣܿиĺʿϵ̾ͿˣʵھǱԶĵطֻڵۣһ֪סȸϵ⼸ͽʿ
ڶϢٴݳȥв˿
ǣûµϢȴһ˵Ķ䡣
ʲô󷨣ȻƲ
ŵȻ
263.ħ֮ʵģ
263.ħ֮ʵģ
ҪȫҪǼ
һָֻ̿ոտʼŵų¶ѿʱжָߣyijingȻ
ͬʱв߶liliangȻǿ
۵ĸоԣղһĪչڣѴ֮ͳ׽liliangһգ
ûɣ
Ҷɻڼע϶һdanshiڣһʵȫ൱İСӣǰ
ǵãղһʿֻн׵ˮ׼ôһתۣǾн𵤸߽ˣ
Ҷɾ;ãԼǲʲô󷨣ʶɿˡǰͻأĳ֣ڸǰʿΪǡ˵ǰ߻áطͣôָνͣ
һʱ䣬ҶɲûxiangdaoħޡΪǹİ˶ӣûиҶɴħĸоdanshi֪ǣò˴󲿷ʶȫӦǰһٸ𵤸߽ʿʱʿ¶Цݡ
ٺ٣liliangliliangҼ֯ԭ򣡡
ֻҪ֯ɹˣͿΪÿ䱸ֱʱָտɴ

ֻҪĿһµ֯γǿҶԵ֯ˣȻֻлþݻɣdanshi֯ѭ
صıвߵǱ֮󣬼֯ĳһαѡ
˻֣̿
˲
˵жļӿ˼֣Ÿոո˶ӽֵҶɣϾδ
ҶɲԸСľΣϮʱ򣬳֮⣬ȴyijingʶ鷶ΧС
huilaiʶת˶ӵϣһһҶɱǲһȺס۵󷨣˶ӸһסǣȫעĽһʱȴȵķ֣ƺԼܹһ˲Ϳǵж
ܿ죬ҶɾʶԵ֮ˡ
ԭ⼸ĽоҶ˵Ϊ˸̵ʶ
Ҷɲ֪ǣʵǻУ
ФΪʲôῴԼк·ΪʲôԼԽύ
ֻһФ䳤ΪʲôƤЦⲻЦİԼФǺųƶһ죬Ϊʲôľãһо֮У
ϸھ
ǶǿߣȻųƶϤر仯֮ʵϣֻǶԴģģʶݻϸڷ棬ȴԶûšˣҶͬһСФܲ³һţФ䳤ȴȫŹˡ,
ڵҶɣ֪ԼΪ˸׷ɺ֮䵽ڸʲôȻὫԼ˻СdanshiףһߣԼս˱ϵ
Ҷţ
ҶܹxiangdaoеĴʻ㣬һٸ𵤸߽ʿƽĳ˹ȥ
Ƽ򵥵һȭһţȴ
ûһʿܹҶʮ⻹yijingԤϵ˵ġǣҶɴ£ʿӾȻζˣȴǴȫûxiangdaoĽ
ֻգ˼ۣӿŵ鷢ˡ
ҶʮʿȻת˷򣬷һһĳԼȥ
ݵľ󣬴ʶⲢ󵹸꣬ʮʿҶɴƫ˷
ǿˣҲûм֮ǵĳ˶֯Ϊ֯һȺǿò˵ļһ
ǣǰǿȴǿ˿סǿǿǿȵȵȵ
ڣҶɵǿȴǿûһ˿ף
λ֯ǰʮľ֣һΪȻڤн׵ۣҲף
ôģ
֮ܣٶȳɱۣö֪ôԼˡûʲôǿѹҲûʲôر󷨺ۼûκη֣
۾ͿҶֻ֣ǰʮʿͲܿƵת塭
һˡ
۰࣬ҲңһԼ˸ۣ֮ûеһʱ䶯Լ˲ƹԼֻһγԱˡ
ݵľ۵ľܿƽ
ӿŵliliangǱԼڣȷţҶôŹ֣Ҳ֯Ķ֣
ļһ϶òˡǷȷʵûƭǣ
ĵЦţԶһӷɹĺʿǡÿһۣʱ䣬Ǿ;˶ƮƮȻˣٴλعʱȴ֣һȺ˶yijing߻ء
264.Ҷɵı
264.Ҷɵı
ǰ˷µҶɣޱȵĳ졣
danshi֮࣬Ҳ֪ǰ·
Ÿոս붫ǲ¥߰ģyijingȺˡ
ͻأֵۣΪͻأǵ˶ӣҶϵ˲
ȻȷԼ˶ӵķ£ʶһչʱҶɾȵķ֣вΧԼʿʵһء
ֲģղűԼסۣȻпڤʵ
ʱҶɻûxiangdao˼µһɵˡ
һ˿ħӦʿȻҲħliliangѲɣþݻʿٵĲ˵ݻ֮⵽һ˼ôҲעһ£
ҶɵȻ֪Լԩ˼ꡣþݻͣ˼ħʹȻ
⣬ȴҲ˶ô
ȻЩڻþʿǣԱliliangѲɣҾͲУ
յҶɣһ濼ǣؼڵliliang๵ͨˡֻͷһͱԼһ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ԴԴϵliliang糱ˮڷڡиĲ֪liliangԼȥ
ԸһɨԼȻΪǵ˿ڤ۷壡
ֻһ飬ָоֹѣ
Ҷɲ֪ǣɽɣ£˼Ҳᵽ޷ĸоʱֻڵliliangһ˲ʹﵽ˽𵤸߽ף
ʱ˼ǵľˮ׼ֻˮ׼𵤸߽ž޴޷Ĳ𡣸ҪǣȻţһ鴦ڱ״̬
µĶػԼһ㲻ʣ˼ȻļͬʱҲɥʧӦӴliliang
ǣliliangʧ֮˼ȻȻľħģֻһ飬Ǿǣ׷޷ĸо
Ҳ׷Ѱ޷ĸоͬʱ˼˸಻֪liliangЩliliang֮ͬʹ˼ȥ
һеһУԴ޷ĸоҶɵľˮ׼Ҳﲻڤ߽׵ĻŤħΨһĽ֡
ڣҶڵľΪyijing޽ӽ֮Ȼľϲdanshi䡰̫֮⣬һ糣
ϸliliangԴҶоΪʲôʱ˼˵νħУʵ㼤liliangˡliliangԴԼ壡
ȻҶɵľΪԶ˼ܱȡڼ֮̽Ҷɾ˸Եɡ
оϣliliangʵϣݻliliangıԴ,
Ҷʱ򣬾Щʿȫһ
رۡ
ѵҶɣػʲܶģ
һxiangdaoֿԣ۾;ã㲻һεж̫çײˡ
Ҷػʲܶģǿ϶Ϊճڶǵ
Խ룬۾ԽǾζԡ
ԭ۾ͷԽⵥ⡣ǣ÷ƿȴڶǾӪֶĲѡ
ֳ⾳ǳ
ҲĶ࣬ǣһĽãһ÷ƿȻ⾳ǹգ
ǣԼʵͱһټϣӵһ̽ʼٵʮ͹ûзҶʩչֶΣػʲܶյĸ·кιˣۼЧҲͲټԼĹ۵ˡ
ǿڵ׵ͻȻػһĹⲻò۽Ҷɣϵһ𡭡
۵ĴѶҲõǿֲסü
ʵǸǺãǿ
ʵڲУֻʱˣĺߵҲyijingɹڴسﲼ˰壬ʱߣⶫҲǵƿ֮У
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һ֣ȵһҪɱҶСӣ
ɱҶɣڿֻһڤˣǿһ
Լ͵ǿ۰һҲǿڤʿĶ֡˵ˣǱliliangҲܺʱƵĳȥ
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ҶˣԴС磬˵ҲнƣʱΪѹͲƣ
ǿۣ֣֯ҲⶫǿڣԽԽ
ʲôʱ򣬲ܶ¶˸
ǰûϢѲɣǲܶ˸ո뵽ģ
ʱȥˣǵĳǷyijingʧ룬ʿҲʮȥɡǣҶɷǵ㷨õףսãҪȥ㲻Ҷɶͻƿڤ׶ˣ
ڴսȫڰҶ
ǳս
֮ɫϵǿӡ
Ӣʮ
Уһһ˵ѣˡҪǾӢʮҲˣν
ǿٺһЦ˵˵ȥҶɶ𣿡

۶ɵ˿
˵˵ͺҸһ
Ȼսǹģǣȴûд󵨵ҰѾӢʮҲȥĵ
˶񣬹ʵ˵ѣȻ㲻þӢʮȥҶɶǸʲô
ٺ٣ѣѵˣ֯Ǹʵ飿
գգۣ˿ۡƼǵԼһʱû̫ףһҲͬһͷˮĿԼ
֯ʵȥˣ֪˵һ
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һ͹ȥӢʮǰСֻǺܿͿסһǷǧ˶ӡ
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˿ǿ۹⣬ȴֲԾĴһη塭

ñȽеҶɣҲܿͷߵıʡһӰ˵ĺʿΪȫǿڤͽסһǧ˵ĶǳǷȻ˿ǵͣһںЩǷĶ
ʲô
ʸҶɾ;ȵķ֣ԭΪֻԪӤͽ׵ĳǷȻΪٴǣڣǧ˴ӣΪ͵ʿҲԪӤнף
ûиǳʲôôΪһôࣿ
ģҶɾ;ãЩܸԼЩδ֪ģδܼliliangйء,
񵱳˼ո̤ħһҶҲЩŵģδ֪liliangܸȤҶɸ˼ڣľˮ׼ѸߣԻѿصסԼ顣˼һ̾ȥļЩliliang
ҲҶɶһǧ˳ǷȤȻ֪ǿιǳԵЩں϶ʲôödanshiҶɻǾҪȥŪһhuilaiо
Ҷɲѣһù۴һ
˵ѣϿþӢʮ鳷
ǧʲôˣϴҪҲҪѲƤ
ڹ۾ѣǲǸȫ֣ѾӢʮӦʱ򣬺Ȼб仯
ֻʳ˵ľӢʮ飬һЩɫЩɫǸոЩǷΪҶ̫죬ԾӢʮʿûüǷĶȥ
ǣ֪ӢʮһΪĹȴʮԲǲִ֮Ϊ
𼸸ǰǸʵ飬ٱˣҲ֪ǿʲôˡ
ȻҶɲû׷ɱһӺʿͣ½ŲЩΪǵĳǷîˡ
һǧԪӤϼʿսԶǸղΧԼһȺȺһܱȡ˺һֽţҶɲڸɵ˼ʮǷȻ󣬳ɹȡЩûȥĺɫ
Ķ˵ˣ״˵Ȼ÷ţԼҲͦԶǣҶɻǸоջ
ȥȥ
ͺʲôڴߴԼÿһϸ궯˵żȵĿ
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266.ľ
266.ľ
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ǿ˲֪ǣҶ֮Ի£Ϊɫеһ˿ħ˳һ˿ħҶɾоɫ
оȥҶɺȻ֣ɫĻȻ飬ǧ˿Ƶϵ
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ʵӹԶֹֻ֡һshijie֮ʱλΪ˴֮Դֳȷ֣ǲֵԵɡ
Ѳɣⶫ֮Դ
Ҷɰ˼ţ˳һ˿ħ͸ȥסһͽ
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ǿ֪ҶɸȥǺɫʡȥһǡǡǼħΪǣֲκκ֢ļƷ
˼ԶxiangdaoԼħŶҶɵȻڻþ֮ݻȺöҲܽþһεĻ£һħͻԸӿֲٶȣһ·ȥڣôҶɣڲõĽҪԼб𡭡

Ҷɳ֮Դʱ򣬱漱ֱš
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Ҳ֪򲻵ѣܴⲿҶɾѡⱲҶɾͱľˮ׼ˡ,
ǡ
˵Ѿͷľˮ׼ȥֻܰﵹæ
٣ҿ԰ȡʱ䣡
ȷڱȥҶŸµʱ䡣Ҳ˵ҶнҪʧļˣֻҪߣøְ취ѹ
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ûdanshiȻ˵Ϊ˾ңɺԥԱ˵ڶԪѵҾͲӦΪðգΪǰͱȰˣұȥ
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֮ʯҲ֪ƯÿԵߵѾͷҲޱȵϸԡ˵Ҷͬһˡ
ãٱĻرοǸõˣİˡ
޷ֹ֮ʯ룬˵ðɣȻѾ˼ҲͲˡȥ֮ǰѧ
Ȼｹ޲ͳҶɵϸȥdanshiҲ֪Ȼ֮ʯ˵֣أǼ϶ôǣֻƽһеĽǣ֮ʯĽ̻ˡ

Ҷ֪yijingþshijieԼΪջﱾԴܾܿҪ쵶ն飬ϽƵþshijie
ﱾԴİҶò̫ʱ䣬Լܳ׿þshijie
ڣķ򳹵׸ı䡣
һǧǷջĺɫʣԾɲҶɵҪʶһӾͶyijing֮ľӢʮ顣
Ҷɵʶ৵һӣζסӢʮͬʱǿҲȺķҶɵͼ
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ᣬҲĴЦ
ҪŭҶɣҪҶɻ֣̿ҪҶʩչȫliliangȥͼıǸڵĽҩһҶɷǵòҩԼ
ֻǣûxiangdaoԼСӣԼűϵ𡣱˵ҶûжжˣzhendeȫliliangˣҲ
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һжճ淢չȥӦǡ
Ҷɶʮ飬⡣ɽŵĨͣҶ׷ɱġ
danshiһ˵żȻ֣ȴ׸ıĽ̡
ǱʱˣҶҲɫɱɣȻٸҡ
˱֮⣬ʲôǿ߲·ͷӣǾػʲܶˡֻҪԼҲָɵ¡
ˣȴҶɲòͣ֡
׼ȷ˵ⲻһˣһ˵Ԫ
׼ȷ˵һʵԪ񣡣
ʵԪʵԪ񡭡ûиҵϸ棬ҵĻþshijieôһʵԪ񣿣
ȻŹʱҶ䡣Ȼ󣬲ԼԴòþܲʵ˰ɣ
ҶͣЩ㶵ĿŹŹȴ񻶺ȸԾһ㣬৵һӣҶɳ˹ٶȣǼƣƺҪһҶɵȥ
᣿
Ҷкһָһ
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˵ǣڰҶһָ֮󣬲֪ôģһԪȻͻῪ˵ˡ
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ﲻд𣿴ԽǣԵxxx籾òƳ˰
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Ҷɰֹ䣬Ȼ󣬾סԪâʵ˭ʲôطģ
Ԫâû̻ش𣬶Ŭһ¡֣Լǵ޷еһǿһĴʹʱͣˡ
ҽţģԵ򡣴ﰡ,
һİʡ´ɵģܹ⡣
ܿ죬ҶɵעתƵˡ档
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֮ʯͱؽҶyijingˣ̧ͷŵһƬźģڡԼڵͦģûʿϵ˲ƣҲúóһʱ߱顣danshiȣӴ򣬲ǲ۵ССڶѡ
ˣȻģҶ˳ۣΪţһ߶ȷĵ
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Ԫ񣿻þshijieǡڷɣԭɰ
Ԫ񲻶˸ģҶɾþȼˡ
Ԫ񶼲֪þshijie֪жûʿ
ȻҶɺǾȵʱţľֿڲͣĽеϣţĸʩɴΪͽɡţһɴġ
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ţСҶȴУЦٴʵʦȷһߣ˵˵㵽ôܽҵĻþshijieˣ
ٺ٣СĴˡ
磿׵
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˵ҶţģⷬϣҲûö೤ʱ䡣danshiҲⲻһʱ䣬ȴƴ䣡
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ţҲжɣǰ⾰ֻݡ
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ҶһֱţĵķϻȻ󣬾ѡ˷ɡ
ȻҶаЩɫʱڽľˮ׼֮һľˮ׼ﵽ֮þshijieҲˡʱô࣬ôǿҲܻ
danshiҶȴȷʿӵ˻£ԼܹץŪٺɫ
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ܵķɣǵ͹Ҷɵ͡
Ȼyijing߾ܣԼܹƻģܹŤģܹεĻþռ䣬ͳͳһ顣
ңɻܡҡĽƵҶɵ档蹵ããܲԸһǣĪֵľ޴ҲֻӲͷƤҶɶһ
ʵֱܹӸǿ˽ӴҲ֯ˡȻէһȥֻǸˣһȴӵǵȻ֮ԼֶΡ
ɵùǣҶóľԼȻ֮ǿˣսǰ󲻹ֻϢʱ䡣
ҶɹЮߵţͬѧҡҷȴĿ
ǿˣôƯŮˣ˵ɱɱ飬ĺܰ
ţһЩŮ˾ļһرǣŮ˻ǵˡڿС˵ʱ룬ҪǻңһΡڣҶɵֶΣλҪɾһ򱶵ʱ׷ˡ
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ʱ˿̣ţĺ˵ǣҲǲļһǰ⵶⽣ӰɵȻʺϰʦѧաǣţĴ㽵Ŀ⣬ҶЯţǰٵķС
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ҶѡǾӢʮ飬ǵǿˣҲ׷ˡǣɰѸþshijieƻһΣһεģֹҶһʱ䡣µǣԷڵܳƵþԣƻĻþռ䣬ҲԷɿٶȸԭ,
ָ֮¸ٶȴ󣬶ҶҲһֲСĿ顣
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ڣһҶɵľˮ׼yijingʵķԾʹܹȫʱӵпڤ۷ʵ
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ӣ˵Ķ𣿡
ɱһͣ˷ܶʱС
иǣҲyijingƿƾԼliliang׳Խþshijie˵Ķ𣿡
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ֻһ취ȿԱֿ㳬ԽþshijieǾǳԵңþshijieΨһʵڣ˵Ķ𣬷ɣ
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ҶҲȷɻشתָָţģȻֻʣôһԪâǣϾʵĴڡֻҪҲͬԳԽþshijie˵Ķ𣿡
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ɲףΪʲôԼֻҵĿ˿ԪâһҶɾܲ²׼ȷ
ûκ澭ķɵȻף֮ʿķչ໥ǣ໥ٽġֻĪݻ˶صľԿƲֻþshijieֳԽþshijie
danshiûзûʵԪȲҲ֪ϢϢصħԹһϲͨ
ΪԼֻһʱʵϣȴǣҶɵо顣Ϊĸٶȷ׼ȷƶϳʵ
ǵģ˵þshijieӦûڡҶ΢΢Цǣܹģȫģ׵ģԽshijieҵǡңþshijieԶĴĨȥյʧߣԾǣ
ҲеķɣŭĴΪʲôǾҪȴܻţshijieʮڵ࣬飬ΪʲôҪǲ޵ģҲ˼룬ҲбϣҲаΪʲô㿴þǾͱҪҲ
һ´ʣţҲЩѪڵĸоö֣ѰĿƻôƬһʱ˸ղһﻹԵԼڵЩͬˡ,
ľˮ׼yijingҪͻƵ֮ҶɣȴûôúŪЦ
˵ıȳĻɣ˵㳬Խþshijie֮᲻þǷѾ˼ı
ֱԣ
ɫˢһӱò԰ף̱˵ϣԵĽעĽ֡

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ˣţģͣɣСҰԵҶɿŵ
УҲŲšţЦǺǵ˵ԪŶliliangҪҲֲҰ˵ǲҶɴ󡣡
ҶɴʲôְҶЩյţһţȵҶǰ
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ţҲüƤʵΪҶʼղԼͽܣšԵÿп࣬ΪˡľţĵȻϷŹҶɡ
Ҳ׼ˣȻҶɺͦյӡǣȴҲԼô
ţĵȻ֪Ҷ֮ûɱģΪĺãֻΪԼֵùΡرǣˡ硱׵硱ûëǮϵ֮ҶԽȷ鱳󣬲ʲôıԤʾѽĵ
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ʱ˿̣Ҷɻ֪ħʢ˼yijingֲܹliliangСķΧŤȻһ˼õĻܲʩչٶ̫͸ϻʿʩٶȡdanshiչ˼Ҷɵǰ档
Ҷɸ֪ǣԼxiwangţĵĳ֣ſռʱתĳ֮ʱһȥԶԶԼʿҲڲſռ֮
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΢˵㾭飬˵ģͻ֪ûֻԼתٶȵĵĺûһʿ츳ߵͣٻȡԸߵͣԪǱʣԼľչ
սǿ뱦ǿֱӵĹϵ
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ٱȻûн׶飬ǣΪʦź񰮣ȶǿԣܴʮʿУ˼˳
ˣҶʿȻϵҲΪΪǵúܿ죬Ҳͺ֪֮ܿ·ƿǣΪԼ־
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ȴҲһˣҶ鷳һеٮٮߣ£
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¿ʼͻʱΪ⵽µʣˣͻƣҲԵúЩ춯ء

ܹΪǣΪ֮оѵҲΪúܿԼܶ鵤ҩŹȥ붼ĸض죬ԼѴѵ鵤ҩΪǣܿʹͽףнס
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СӺͱѾͷֻǿȴȫλǿôٶȣ
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ΪһڤԪµԪǱ٣ﵽڤ֮ǰ赣ԪΪƿ
ľ棬ºˣԼ֮µľˮ׼ҲѾߡ٣𵤡ԪӤʲôģûκ⡣
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ս֮ʯεܿ׹,
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ڣսҼ޵սѰսҪòпᣡ
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뵱꣬Ҳͬȱľ顣ԣתҪһ룬һת
Ҷɣͼʶ˸ָսüΣǻٲ֮ءΪһδεľսõʵķԾԣȻǴԪӤת֮УǣÿһתҪʱ䣬ת٣
Ҷɾ͸˵ˣȻһԼŵʦȻľΪʦݡλġ׶졷ǣΪԭһ·
ϸս֮ʧõҷ˼Ҷսҵľ飬ȱҪḻö࣬ٶȣҲȻȱҪ죡
µһȥЩսЩħԪսò˶ãܳʵķԾ
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ڶ£㣡
£߲۷壡
ĸ£һֻ̤˲㣡
£Ų۷壡
ΪԽԽߣ׵ٶȷԽԽ죡
֮ʯ⣬Ҳ⣬ǣǾḻ֮ʯѾǱĬ˺ܶʱշ£ûϵӾ˵ͻƣǰ
271.µǱܣ
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ԨޣܡȻǻûлΣdanshiսȴһڸոջεޡҲ֪ЩħԪоʲôӣЩ޾ӵ͡
ЩǿһٱҲĶ֡
ڣļǿߡգ￣ԼʮʥyijingվԪӤ۷壡
֮ʯĻ˵Ǿǣٹ꣬ǼСӾ㹻ɨ޲ˣ
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ʮĵصսΪ£еࡣdanshiս˫ȴû˭࣡
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ȻսУͷ˵֮⣬»û˾ָɵһͷޣdanshiyijing˶ħԪǵע⡣
ЩħԪɲһĴֻҪ룬ǾȻܹƭټһ壬֮ܵˮ֪꣬ǵıƺ֮ˡǷµĶ֮󣬾ƶһ꾡ץƻ
бߵģǿdanshiҲ¶սһ˸̣˻ðԼ̻ˣ
ҲΪԵʣЩħԪ񻨷˴ʱ䣬ڳɹЩʥ
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ԶԶµʥҲ޼ƿʩͻޣǰ
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տܵıŭʥͶˮƽˡǲ֪ǣǳˮƽӵʱҲͬԶԶԽliliang
ѹԶǰĶֻҪܿסѹ¾һ޸֮Ҳ·ٵĺһ
ο²޸֮棬̲˶Ľľ޴Ǳ
ǽΧ£һο˻ޣҲһοԾźɫԪǿޡ

򲻿Ӯġ

ҲǾܳŹһ˲ġ
Ψһİ취ǲϸѿռ䣬ϻʱ䣡
ѹһδγԽҡ޵צ쵽۾ֻаʱ򣬵ǿ彫ԼΧסʱ򣬵һִδģķ糱ˮԼϮʱһѹե̲ڵǱܣʱһЩÿռѿһ㡣
һδεľѣҲöħԪһαһθ˷ܡ
ӵиǿliliang
ȻһﲢµʡdanshiϹʱ徭飬ȴʶû𵤾ʿǱ֮õĲƸ
Щ˷ܵĶħԪǣûʶһɱ䡣
ǿ޵ֵкö໯㳲һʱҲ
ЩħԪȻƯ椶ıȷʵ˵ãdanshiľ˷͵ջļˡ
ʱ˿̣ƴʩչʱ֮£ҲĵȷȷоĿˡǷ̫󣬾ҲеŲסĸоˡϾϵѹեǱܣκ˵޷ս
һγɹʱգһӳ޵ħצ֮ľãԼzhendeסҲͬһʱ̣·֣ǰ˸Ľɫâ
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ҶɵĽ㣡
㣡ٿ㣡֮ʯٵĺš
֪ʱ֮ʯѾķѹһԪһ֮Ҫʱıһߵĵεòһ֮ǣô
ֱʱ֮ʯףΪʲôЩħԪڽ뵽֮ʵڷ˶Լİ취֮󣬲Ŵ󵨷˶ȫ湥
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֮ʯţյ˼ӿǰٶȵʱԶ䣡
ħԪѡķص㣬ǺڰʯͷŰâҽԲðҫ۵Ľɫâ
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ôԪһиȻȻļȥͺǿڽ֮ʵϣȫǷŵġǲϱĽɫѹʵһĳȥ
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ʱ
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ǽ
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ǣһǽɢԪȴֻɢһռ֮Сէһȥ㣬˸ǳ
ҪԥϿԣ
׹˸ŵĵεΣʵǱԼϸ֮еԪһʱʩչЩԪƬһһԽ˶
273.ף
273.ף
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µɱ俪ʼ
𵤣һɱҲʵ廯Ԫɽ𵤡ǣΪǿԪԭԪǱֱڤȥ£ᵤĹҲޱȻ
ֻǽΧĿռ䣬ʱ䱻յýӲӵһƬԻ͡
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뵱Ҷɽ𵤳ʱϢļֱͺΧӰƵá½ᵤḶ́ȴȫ棬½ᵤ֮УʲôطᵤͶ䶯ˡ
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οģһнɫţ
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274.
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µĺʣҶҶɵĶػԵܴԽĵãã͸ǿ֮뵽ԼĻþshijieӵ澭ԪϣŵʱպۼȻޱĲƸ
ֱʱţĲ֪ЩһԽܱxxxУȻһȺźҪմԽеͽܵڣǶôô.С
ǵİɣҵСˣ
ȻҶоԪûжʲôķţţҲǾñоûëûʲôӦdanshiСѧϹʿε֪Ȱѽʶһ飬Ȼٴж˿飬ȷ̡
һxiangdaoʮǰֻܵĲ״ţľͲ
ô죿ô죿
ţĽʾ֭ƴЩеڡǣΪΪӭ϶ߴǵձϲãŰʵ֮١żмλ߸ŰҲŰ£˭һ·Űȥ
ԼһͱסֱСһоܷdanshiǰŴŵģshijieǰλҶɴ󵷹ĳġֱŰõ۵ڣǾû߸дġ
˺ܾãǵû취ԽԽңţƵþҪҺһͨҲ˵ʱһ򵥵ĻӱıԵhuilai
ȻˡţģôҵĻ
˵ãã򣬾Լһshijieط֮ԣҲھ޴ࡣͺϻȪɳ֮䣬صȫͬѧϰһ£ҶҲûʿ
ţ˵ġ򡱣֮ʯûἰĵط֪Ըȣжࡣ
ҶʣҪţھӦܼ򵥣Խܻе㸣ġshijieԣ㲻ʲôö඼ôд

ҶһʣһΣʶ⡰ҲŲٺöԼҲʲô
ţҶɷһգͰţķ˳
֪ģڵǸshijieе飬ͳͳдҾͷŹ㡣
ţĻ϶ͨһµڵء
ûͷŹˣѲɣǰλҶɴҲǵĳfans
űƷ£Ÿոţģ˳Ӿˡ
ҶɴҲдҪ˼ҸŪһһǣ
ţǵС˼Ҷܿ΢΢һЦ˵ģҰ£Ҿ㡣˵ɣҪһʲôӵǣ
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ѡǣţ˳һ䣬ȻҶɵĿ⡣
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ҲţĿڲ˵ãһ֮ͨеҶɣʲôxսʲôǽǡ
Ըе˼
ҶҲΪǿȶﵽˡҶȴûƳɿ޸ʽ
Ҳǡе˼ˡʿ֮䶷û˭ɵӲϳ塣ǣҶҲЦЦͿʼָţҪǡ
ȻڻþdanshiҶڵһ̶ϻΪʵţĿ͵һͿĽǰǣҶɿҲ㲻ʲô
һЩͨĲϣӼйص󷨣ܿ͸㶨
һĹһѲ֪ĽϾͱһһװ˵ˣţɵˡ
ôôҳһģһ
üë۾Ǳӡǹβ̫ɾӣһеһУԼһģһ
ǺǣСֶΰˡ棬ԺҲ֪
ҶɲΪЦЦָһǣͽţĵԪ֮С
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ͨ
ոջţģҶ벻ķʽڵأͷ
ʦϣͽţһݣ
ȻǰͱܾһΣңҶСоdanshiţ֪ǰǾѻᣬ󵽵shijie绽꣬ǻٳԲ֪ٸͷȫ֮ķһ
Ҷȴûаͽܵ˼ţڵϿͷȲӦҲǳ˵˾䣺úд飬ÿһʱ䣬Ի㡣
䣬Ҷɾڿշߡţ̧ͷȥʱΧһƬɽʯĵطȻһƬСĻݡ
ԼڷݵĻ԰֮Сǰ治ԶһԲʯʯϷϺõıīԼһհСӡЩСӵķ϶дż֡

275.ߵػʲܶ
275.ߵػʲܶ
Ҳ˵ǴԽţĵϲǱ˵Ҷɵһȥ򡣣.n.С˵
ǰоţĵԪҶҲһáȻûʩչѻֶΣǣҶڵ㿴Ҳܿŵ
ʱռĺۼţĵԪɼҶ򡣶ҶɺǣƺЩʱռĺۼӦֲ̫һʱշ
ҲΪʲôҶɻţдԭ֪һţ飬ԼԼģҶʶһ˲õĲƸ
ٺţĵҶɣһҪģȥѰҺɫʡ
Ϊ׷ɱɻʱ䳤˵㣬ԣڵĶͨ˶ܹˣ˵ЩʿҶҲѾ˵㶫
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߷ǳΪýָͷ£ܲ³
ҪǴڣͳþ磡
þʵ粻ͬȫ磬û׽һ˵ΪܹõȡԴϣǰʿǣٵĻҪͳ硣
ͷȻҪͳļһǸ֯ϴ󣬾ǰıֵĴڡ
Ȼ֯ΪҶҲȻףӦȥѰǵ䡣
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ҶɲǵһνػʹˣһΪ˻ɱʦŷġΪʱҪˮܱ¶ԼԣҶ֪ģػʲܶ˶ûвŷĵʲôʱػʹ
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ػʲܶˣϴΪߵĴڣԪӤ߽ʿʱ˿̣ƴȫþ˷ȴ󷨶Ųסˡ
˵ֳʶȥڵ״˵ʩչʹ֮ͷ𷴻
ʱػʲܶˣֻƴȫάϵһǸŵĴڡ
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ػʲܶ˿϶֯ϣǣػʲܶˣװѹˣˣ϶ʵʵ
ʵ磬Ҷɻһ˿̣ʩչĺֶΡǻþ磬áˣҶɷػʲܶвʱҲͺļѹ,
ѹһЩŵʿϡӵ˳ػʲܶΪĿ꣬Զ
һҽУһҽС

ÿһҽУôϤҽȥʹһʿȥ
ػʲܶ˻ƴţе㲻˼
ڵȣȹİԮ
ڵȣЩɸֵԮ
ǣҵĽԼԽԽܶ˵ߣҲ𽥿Ҫ
סס
ܶ˲ϵĸԼãֻҪٶһСܷˡ
ǣԼĽ̳ɽҲĴһȻϢ˵ʱ򣬲ܶڶסˡ
ɽˣҿҲסˡ
ıȫıοʱҶֻϽͣ˲ܶһ
ɵģȥ
ѹȴȫܶʱܿǸϮػʹĴڡ
ھػʹɵĿУ۸ټһػʹһܶ˾;һɺԼס˼붼Լָˡ
ܶˣ㣬ǳĸ֪֯һУͳͳ˵
ѾȫĲܶˣľͽԼ֪һУгڣԼηζǳչҪöǳĻϴļıҲһһ˵˳ĩˣܶ˵һΪõϢ
ιʦҢҲǸ֯ˡλӦǰʮĸ֣
ŶҶȤĴػʲܶˣǹҢ쵱ʦģ
ǵġܶӦǰ˲ĳĳԸ⽫ؽɽϣΪǰǰ󡣡
ҶɷЦܶ˰ܶˣСͲˡҪסңȻѰֶģھͷŹ㡣ƣⱲҲټ档
Ц֮Ҷ˲뿪ػʹֻ£ҵػʲܶˣһ˴ټһػʹС
Զʮƴ
276.Ͼ
276.Ͼ
Լ̸ʮػʲܶ˾ãԼֱʷߵĵۻʡ
ǰǳѡҪһʱ佫ǣûʧֵİɱС飬ǳŶûܽȥѾ¾òܶ˳ʶƵϾ
ܶҲûиǿĵƣǣȴǵѡʱá
ǣõĽǣʦŷıɱ
ܶ˵ڶ֪¶ʵҶġʱĪ͢ӿľԼ޷ƿأܶ˾ѾԼˡ
ǣòܶû뵽ǣߵ黹ں档
Ǽһﵽ˭ôǿ˵ز
ֱڣܶ˶ûнӵǾޱϢ֪˶ǵ³֮ǺЩ

ڲܶʮԹ԰ʱҶѾ򹬡
һǰҶɵһ׷ٵ⸽
ʱҶɲҽȥΪֻ֪ҪʮᱬʿΧԼ鷳ˡ
һºĽ죬Ҷɵڶ
ûκι˼ɵģҶ̧־Ͱ򹬵ɽŸˣ
˭ɽŶص㱣λһ̧־ܰɽŸˣԷʵ϶Ǹߵòˡ&amp;*..£ʿһ㶼ϽߣļһΪߵĴȥԸ
򹬵ʿȴͬ
ȻҶɸƣһҲǰػʹΪǣɽһƣһ򹬵ʿͺɱĳ˳
һ߳ɱţһ߾ħӿһΪʿǵ಻ѡҶɲɵþ˶һǧǷ
ѵЩʿҲ˺ɫʣ
ŵĺɫʣȴܹʧԵĶҶ־ͻ˸ȦһȥһΪǵԪӤڵʿȫʼԭشתˡ
˾ԽҶȷЩʿ϶ǳԹ˺ɫʡ
ôԼǾͳȶ
Ҷ֪Ҳȥʿȥ

ҶϣҢϵܡҢϵ򹬵ҪҲܡʿȫƣȵĺɫ
ô˾ʵҶûʲôϵ
ػʲܶһʵǾǣüǰԼ͸ʦҢַˡԼҪҢ죬һ̽֯ʵʵҢ죬ö⣬һػʲܶԼ֮󼪡
ˣҶһӾɽţҢϵͷɿ˾
Ңϵײò֪ǰҶɵļƻ˿ա֮ƣ򹬵ɫͳͳáȿԿʳ⹦ֿԻø֯ϢڣȻһٵ׸׷˭ľ񡣡,
׷ģ
ȻҢϵҲΪΪߵģǣҶҲֻô졣ֻҪԼãҲץϼץסҢϵ
ֻϧһҶáܿʿһһץסȴķ֣ҢϵȻ棡
˵ǲдͷ󣿡
ʶɨ˼򹬣ȴûзִͷĴڣҶɲò˷ѵʱ䣬ʿ
һ̺ԥļȥһҽйһʿˡ
ǰǰûдͷ󣬵ǣƽһﴫٷ
ﴫٷ
ǻʿ
Ҷɲɵ￩һ£¶̫ˡ
ȻԼпڤ۷ʵǣʿûȰҪ˼ҷɱԼǵõҶ㣿
ɻһ룬¶Ҳȫû
Լʵɱػʼֱ練ơ֯лʿʲôǸһ϶³ˡ
룬Ҷɾ뵽˷ɡ
£Ǹ֯ͷҲǸֳԽ˻þĴڣ
ķɣһ㷨Ϊˮ׼ٲܽþռʱѵıٶԾԶȥϰ죬Ƕûӳȥ
ҢϵͲһˣʱннΪһܸػʲܶ࿹ˡˮ׼˵ĻþռиԾһգ۾֮ܵ⣡
Ǹ֯ͷʵﴫٷʱƾ֮
Ҷɺܿȷжϣжϣľѡ
һֳԽ˻þĸ߽ʿɱȻʿøӿ£
þнǿԼ군ˣҶа֪׳ʲôӣôô
˵Ҷ벻ͨ⣬ǺƾˣҲܾöûҵĴ𰸡
&lt;/di&g277.ؼ
277.ؼ
ʵҶҲҢϵþռ䣬ٶԾһطȥǣԽԶߣȥԽģȻҶѾĿʵʵ࣬ǣҲû취ȷ׸ĸ׷
ˣЩһû׼Ҳ֪Ǹ֯顣
ҶʱԶĿռ仮һѺۣһ벻ʿڲԶ֡

Ҷ̲ס۾
ûⲻǻǸŮޣĵȷȷǱ
ԾɡЦķ˹ˡ
򵥵һ仰Ҷɾãһ飬Ĵһ¡
ҶҲû˵ơӡһоڲС
ղʲôܣģҶЦʵ
ռ仮һѺۣȴûÿռƳƬȻƲֻþķź޹
ЦǸʱ֮ĺýʱõġ
Ҷɶʱ͵ɴ۾
ûǸ֮壬ڿռлһѷ졣ǣʱãʲô˼
ͺƵóƵã죬ЦһЦɰΧʿˡ
һȶ˵ŮԶԶǾ;ֹסҡҷĲˡĽЦ˵Ľ΢΢ǰţ˺üɵջ֮һ򹬵ʿĿţ˾ȫʧ˷
Ҷɲûоú棬Ȼ֮Ͳʿֵܹ
ȥﶫʿЦǺǵļʵˣͱˡЩ˵˵⵽ôһ£
Цȷʵûƭ㣬ĺýõġɹᵤˣһֺʱʱ֮ʿʹһʱ䡣ҲæģľΪǲֻܰݽˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡҶʮ־ȡ
ԭҶɾ;µĸ֮ǿˡȷǶѧϰʱ֮ܣܴͬʿ޵֡
ھ͸ӿˣԼãʱ޷˵ʱãֱؼ
ҲûиáЦһʱõʱޣڴǰʱҲֻ㡣һʱûиʱյˣҲܿɹۡ
ҲˣҶ̾һʵô֪һ
ݻþ磬ӴޱȡҶڿԱڤ۷ʵҲʮµģѲһ顣˼ֱ˵ľҵ,
ЦţԱߣ߲ʵĹ⻷
ޱƣҶɼǻȻǺ棬㲻רſôҲйȥڶԪ񣿡
ӦӵУȻʩչޱƣǾӦҲ壬˵ڶԪ
𿩿ЦҵȻûʱڶԪͨſ߿ʱ͵ĶطҿǷ˺һ򣬲ɹ
ȻǸҶɲɵ档
ȥЩ߲ʹ⻷ƹȦûʲôû뵽ȴһֶط
ǵģȷֻǸ˵ͷ˵һõϢޱ֮Ϲǿں෨ġ֮ʯȻ֪ȷʵеءҲ룬ֻҪͨȫſӦþҵȷеĴˡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷҲûм׷ʡ

ĺȻ֣Ҷá˽һʱľ֮ҶɾָŻԼĽʿ˵áʿϣشܣ
ҶɺܼԽʱԼľһ飬ҲԽԽȡ
֮Դ˲õĶ˵û취Ū֣
ҲûѰƾҶЦþҴľʵ̫ˣк֮ԴȻһԪϣҷ˲ͬʱշ򣡡
˵֮ԴֻǺܾȵĻôͬʱշ򡱣ȫ;ˡ
ɣ˵ģ
ȻѲһƭ㣿ЩͣҶɲʵôˣ
ͬʱշȷʵ֣ʿľһβϷ֡֡ó̡ôֵĶҲӦñȳⷬģ
Ҷû̻ô𰸣ֻ𼱼˵Ǹȥ
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278.νȻ
ţڷܱʼ飬ȻһƮ
̧ͷֻһλȶ˵ŮӣĿ⾼ĶԼ
ţĿѣԣΪҪѪƪµʱ򣬾ŮӿЦɣʲô
дһӦ˵˵Σе˼ȫд
ţ۾һбſԭҶɴҲhuilaiˡ
𣿡ŮЦ㿴дôѿٶҲøͷţƵãֱĻ꣬ǧС˵ͳͳ𣿡
ѻꣿҵѽⲻǹѪڣһɱڰ
Ů˵ĺãӦҲȥôıҶɴҪݶأ
ţĿһ£Ϳǣû˵Ů˵ǸʺӡĵͽܣҲ޷
ɽˮ飬⻹߹Ѫڡ
ţ˿Ůӵ飬˼ָм
ţȴ֪ʱ˿̣Ҷɷǳ𾪡
Ҫ֪ȻΪҲܲٿһԼˡdanshi޷Ƶһ˿¶һľԪӤµʿԡţĲǸԪδķˣôɵĵֵȻ֮
ֻҶȴûгѯʡоԤϡ˳ű˼˵ͷţĵͽˡ
΢΢һЦ˵ɣͽܣ˵ãҲøôŵĹṩɡ
˵գһհСӡҲִʼ飬Ҳôдָһ£˻ȥ
дˣú
ţĽӹһղŻǿհһƬСӣyijingд֡
лӣŶлʦ
ţĺ۵ĽʦеñĻϲţһƷ
էţĿɲ֪һոտʼzhende˵һƷζʲôֻⱦ̫ƯˣֱһƷȴֺliliangԼĳȣѡ
ֻһʦͻһñҪǶмǿ׬
ǣûţüڣʦʦ˫˫ʧУֻʦһ仰
úǹʱ㡣

뿪ţĵľҶźʵΪʲôҪͽܣϵʱշȤĻԪоˡ
ԶĳкȻ˸
΢΢ЦɣΪʲôֱѻ꣬Ҫʲôд
ܻЩҪʰҶɻشԪ¼ֻǴ֪ʶȴܻشҵʣ̫ˡ,
ҵĿҲһʵɣ֪֪Ȼ֮ıʲô
ȻʣҶɸоЩ֡ԼҲеȻ֮ˣʲô
ǣҶzhendeʼĥʱȴ־ãԽǣԽͿ
ҶҲ֪ˣ࣬Ҳʡʲôһࡣ
ʣĳֻӦЩıʣ϶ĳһӦ
danshiȻӦʲô
ɣ㲻öˣܸӣ߼Ҳĥ͸Ҷɵ˼·˵ֻܴԵ˵νȻ󣬾ζĺгΪֳ˺гԣ˿ʱͻһ˵ľΪģȻͻᱻȻ󡣡
˵ĴԣҶɻǾ쵽䡣
ʲôСгⱾǼѽ顣
С
ľˮΪгǻΪг򵥵ʣش
ԽоԽǿͬģҲԽ临ӡ
ҶҲȥתʵţĲȻҲ˵ľѸĺг
ô򵥡ҡͷ˵ɣϵȻֵгdanshi壬ֳģԶֹһ
Զֹһ
Ȼֻ˵Ҷȴãǿѹѣ
Ѳɣ棬ڣ򣬸ﲻһ
һ棬ããڻһshijieҶ˵͹Ӵ󣬹ΰصˡ
Ȼиڣ
Ȼи಻һڣ
Ҷȶ
ۼţҶɵľе㲻ˡǣҲֲȶƵУһĪliliangҶɺָֻܿ
Ԥϵֱ仯˵ͷ˵ɣǱʡ
ĿűҶɾ;ãһոµĴţڻ򿪡
279.ͬ
279.ͬ
֮ԺΪУ̲򡣡𻺻˵ܹģкö֡ǿģߣĳġֻߣ̲򡣡
ţľںһ֣
ûͷӦһ棬ԪдķԾȻӵ˵
ͨ۲һе򣬽ƿ壿
û΢΢һ£˵һ˵ʿܹͨʿ˫ޣеִܹԽУҲǵ
ǣûаɱҶɺǺЦˣǸϿȥǸ֯
Ȼ٣ǣǴӲܶõģǴʿ�ʵģٶָһЩ
οµؼ֧֣ԾԵʩչʱյķȻþСȴҲܺܿһ顣
ǣĳЩ˲òˡ

ۺܻ̿֡
ԴӼǰȻĳʱԱֿ˻þ״֮;ãþȫ飬ԼܳԽ磬ΪʵĴڡ
ǣºΨһĵ鷢ˡԼþļһ׷ɱ
ʵۺܲףΪʲôǸҶʿֱӻ˻þ磬Ǻĵ׷ɱԼԼ֯µÿһˡ
Ƕ޵İбҪ׷ɱ𣿡
˵Ϊ˶ҲҪʿŹƣֱͺ֯ˣȫɱƵá
Ȼһ޵ĴڣǲܵʵˮˡˣҶɿ϶ʲôĿġ
Ψһ۸ееϣģҲҶɵġĿġˡȻڻ̫ǣһԿ϶ǾǣҶɶһֺɫʺܸȤ
𣿡
µƷĹҵˡһģüͷ塣
ĹУܹʱ䣬ϵһʵ飬ѾܲˡǣԽԽѵ£ȴʧܣһûҵѹܴ
һҧ۾еԼԵĳ嶯ڶ쵽ߣ۾ַˡҶɵʡȴһ׮¡
ûȥԭΪ˷ɡ
ǿӻԭԭĽǰ֮̾ʶɸԼͬһˡңҲܿףɵϮɱĿꡪҶɡӦþĴߣ
ʱ۾ףΪʲôҶɱսǿ󣬲ңһҶɻҪǿĴڳ֣ۿ¾Ҫ㳲һϮĺϷˡ,
ǣڣ˽ʾ֭۱
Ҳη۶˷ɡ֪ԼҼƵĴڣ¾ܽӣһˡ
ǣͷһ£̱۸Ϊ֪Ψһͬ࣬ԼԸˡ۾ãԼȥ½ҪԵģ˫׷ɱ
һΣһɣһ뵽취ʱĬˡ
ֻ죡
ҪѰͬʱҶҲ뵽ֿܡ
һۣ׷ҿ࣬Ҫð鷳
룬ҶȴҲ֪ȥѰڡõİ취ǲ׷ɱۣԽԽĺɫʡ
ֱһ졭
ͻˣ
ΧĻþռһĲҶϲʵ
ǵģҿɴ¶˲õЦݣڿ壡
ȴָ˵ЦݣҶףþọ́ߵͷ
ڱٴͻƵʱ˳ۡ
ߵţҲ֪ʵۺͳۣԭʦֵܡ
ʦ֣ʦܡԭѹһ
ǰͻһʣ˵ʵת
ȺģۺͬʱӦħ
һķ𵴣һҡҷȴ˲һĽ
ľˮ׼ϲۣȷˡֺȻħ֣̲סͰѳİɵ
ţ۾ɱ˳۵Ӻͺӣ
ЩزסĳۣһӾͱۼɷʢ׷ɱһ£ȻΪһ·ϵΪ޽ĳ嶯ѹȥѡı֮·
ͬû֪ۺۻһζԹͬҲû֪ҪۼʵһͳĴǧ硣ʵϣΪ߹ԼҲ߹ԼĳٴϮɱ
ھۼʵԱ
ǣڣȴš
280.
280.
ççȺɽһƬ۵С֡
û֪ʵڴɽƬС֣ʵһþ
þеĻþ
ǳ۸ħֶΣǳƽþķ
׷ɱ޹֮󣬳ѡӴ˵ءȻ˳ޣۺ⿴ɢӱŵģʵһŸΪȵĸ֮ģ
ֻҪ۳Խþ磬ôȴ۵ģ˲
ʵۿ˼ӣͺ۴⡣
ԼųۣΪ˴һͳµ壬
ۣ
¼ҹһʲôۣ
Ψһԭ򣬾Դǿȼյģ
ǭ¿ǾԸ⵽ġ
̤ƬС֣ǰС֣ʱ˲ʱ͸ëëģͷߡ
ʱôˡ
׳֦ĺɨ۵ȥ·һһ
۵ĻþԴҶþĸЩ׳֦ϣ۲ҲѲƤ޿κ֮£һʩչϵŴĹһе
ʦ֣ʦ֣ȱ֣˵Ǵͷˣ
ͷߣҿǴͷ
ţҲ¶棬һŵش̼Щæҡ&amp;*..£
˵ģһƴֵһ߻ҪĽеǸûþļһˣҪϾɱ
Ҫɱ㣬練ƣ
۲ţһַʩչһʱû취ٷ˵
ʦֱлҪȥɲУ
ҳʱҲû׼ǣ涼ûأͱû˵ˡȥ˵ˣԼСסˡ
֪Լ̸˵һ㡣ֱռ֣õУ϶û취Ѿ
û취ǼŭҲȰڵľ棡
Ѿ۴ӴгһɫԪſھȥ
ħ
۱ŭˣ
һǸɫԪʱͷ·ֿ˵龰
ԼӣԼĺӣ̵Ԫ񣡣
ߵĳۣƬƬɭ˹һÿòǵǳֲһɷ󣡣
۲ɵȻ̾ԪҲҾǳˡ
һÿòոٳʱֻһɫâ˲ͽ۸Źм䡣ȻŭĳۣȸղŸ߳ʮǣزۣԿ˵ˡ,
ʦ֣ҶԲ㡣۳˵ǣȷʵǴͷǲ£ܿҪɢˡ
ûŭĹɡ
ʦ֣ȷʵûƭ㡣ۼ˵ѾһͬˣŹǸˣֺܱҡвֹǸͬӰԿ
Ӱ֣ɵһЩӰһһǣûκλ
ۺ٣Ȱʦ֣֪ҡǣɢˣ㻹ô𣿵ȽǸˣԸԶһۣȻٸʦһϸ£
ûлǣŭĹЩ
аϲŬʦ֣ǸҶɣ߻һŮޡҲǳʲôӣǱþˡԣŻᵮӵĴڡ
ŭĹͣһ¡Ȼ󣬾ּǣȥĹȴԶղɾ䡭
ΪԼڴʦˡǣ˵֪ʦ֮ԻþеĻþΪ˳Խþ磬ΪʵĴڡֻҪʦܹץסеκһ϶ԽؼԵ⣡
ͣ
۶ʱϲ
Ҫ׷ö˵ʱ򣬻ûڣߵȴȻɫ䡣
ղһսΧĴɭ֣ѾǽһƬǣֻһתۣΧȻֱдУˡ
̧ͷȥⱻŨ֦ܵҶڵ޹⡣
һ
紫ֶԵԽԽ졣
һѵûԭңֻǻֹ𣿡
ȻǿϵܣҲܸܵмŵĿֲ
ԪӤʿڵĹʴ֮
Ȼħۣпڤ߽׵ʵǣȴǲ׽Ӵʴ֮СɫĻ棬ֲһµķʱ۵ٴγ֡
ֻҪҵңǾ֣򣬺ߣ
ҾҪ𣿡
ۿЦҡҡͷֵͿշȥ
&lt;/di&g281.
281.
۲òȫԸȥѰҳ۵ʱҶɺͱҲѾҵĲ֮
Ԩһ۵ѷ졣
˶Ѿˮ׼ƾʶȥ϶۵ѷԶԡ
ڣ˵խѷ죬ȴҹеǰҫۡǧ֮ʱ˾ͼȺѷ쿴˹
ɣ۵αװֶοǲһֶΡ̾
ûѹûۼխѷ죬ԨʤܹһصĶʿңһһҲˡ
αװֶǱҵˣҶ΢΢ЦҲòҵǾƵþˡ
˵ͷ
û뵽˼УȻγɵĻþ磬ȻݻôصĴڣ֪˼굽кĿģ㡣Ѳɣλʿϵǳ
֮ԴпܳԽþޣԼظ򡭡һ֣ȫ˶ҪĴڡ
ֱڣҶɺͱ𶼻֪˼ûȱ¡Ϊײþ类ħţԲݻģ
Ĳ²⵹ҲûҶϲ֮˼Ҳƽ޹ʵ͸Ҷһ
ţܿ͵խѷ֮ǰ˵˵ЦЦӣͺҪȥɱһĽζѡ
ʵϣһ·ɱȥȷʵϡ족˵ʣһһѪ֡
ڲ࣬ҶɵֶȻҲ͡ᡱࡣһӹȥûзģͳͳ㶨ǣߵҶɵɫ
һͷɫҰǣԭ۵ĻУѪһƬһ˫źӣĶҶɺͱ𡣾ͺ֮䣬ʲôޡ
ѵۣ

ʱ˿̣֪ۣʲôļһ֮мۡʲôڳۣǸɱԼӡӺĶħ
˫ȭսɿɿսģҲ֪˶ٴΡ
ȴڱƽ
û뵽صôһһϰ۲ɵõ̾
ȻڴˣǣΪܹҲʱע۵ΪչһԼǰ棬г׳ԽþϣˣԼͲòǿг֡
ԼǣȴûгԽԼļǣҲͼڴӣֵ˿˿ħ,
ʱ򣬳ۻЦԲǰ۵֣Լǲضá
ţ϶һôİϻ
ɳûȿڲţҲ秵ֹ䣬Ȼ󣬾ۿ۴˾Լ֮ء
ղŻۣȻͶס塣
ʦ֣ҿҲ͹˰ɡһʦֵٲ˶ϵˡҪҶ׷ɱˣɾ鷳ˡ
ǰĸϰ󷨣ǿܣˣһɶûвٿأƾȥһ󷨣ȴǳþѪָԪȻѾٲԲٵҲˡ
۳Ĭһ¶ݡ
ʦ֣ҶԲס㡭
һͷ׷ɣʦ֣۾ͺεҪ
Ҷɺͱ϶ܿߡڻ᲻ͬΣյĳۣǾˡ
ڵĳۣȴ۵׿Խݸ΢Ū㵵ıͬһ»ָ˱ģ
˵ɣôԸ۵ʵ
ҶڶǵһӰ񣬳֪ԼۣԸο۸ղ˵Ҷɻһİ֣
ֻȡ
Ȼ۳˵Ҷ˵ʦҲӦסֻúرĵΣпܳɹ
˼ǣ׹ȣĿ˸
û׹ȣ۵˵ͷ
ü˵ǵطǺãǣβϹ
ף׹ȡ
ֵι죬ĵطӣԶԶĶƼο˹ĸ߽ʿ
صһЦ˵ֻҪʦֿϳ֣Ϲ飬Ͱˣ
ĬĬעãǼеЦݣƺó۱ģ΢ڻһ㡣ãڻһͷ
282.׹֮ս
282.׹֮ս
û뵽ǵȻֵطԶףɵ̾
ݻˮ׼ܹĦοþݻȻʲôӡҶɺǺЦȥЩˣֻҪٶҵһЩ˵ˣ㣬ľˮ׼ӦҲܽ׻񣡡
Цĵ˵ͷҶɼ粢ż磬һ֮С
׹ȵ棬Ϩġﻹиȵ緢ߵĿֱǧ֮ߣίʵ׳ۡ
ҶɺͱΪȴ㲻ʲôرǾҶɵ㲦ȫݻϵı𣬸ǿԽһΪõάϵڶͽסͲʩչκηģƾѹͽһա
⻹Ǳѹǿ̲ﱾԴ֮ȫʩչϵףҲͳͳҪѹȥˡ
ܿ죬ȵ鱨ҵһߡֻÿһʱ䣬ⶴ߾ͻ緢ɫĻ棬ԵúЩڲͬ
ˣǽȥ
߲󣬽һͨСҶһȣԾ˶֮С
ⶴеͨģȲ֪ж೤Ҳ֪жֲ
ȣÿ·ڣƾǶصĵɫ棬ҵȷͨȴԼĪʱ֮ÿһͨӿģȫǵɫˣֻѡһͨǰС
һʱ֮󡭡
·ˣôûߵͷĪϢԣ˵
ȻΪͨխ˺ȻķٶȣⶴʲôΣմڡǣߵģһʱ˵Ľų̣Ҳ·ղô緢ͬķֲ·ɵñʡ
ǾͷͷȥҡҶɶȻ˵
ǡ
ҪġҶЦЦգգۣ˱Ļ
ҲЦŵ˵ͷֻﴫһ䣺˭ץȻ󣬾Ϳٵʧһ֮ͨС
û뵽İ˵صԹĿ⸴ӵĿۣãԼԽԽ͸Сʦˡ
۾ͺûп۵ĸĿһǺЦʦ֣ƾǼĴڣֻܽʱֿôʱ䣬ʦҿʰκһ˰
ۻ˵ͷܿͽȥһߡ
սپ
۵Ӱʧ˺ܾ֮󣬵ĻƮ۵ĶС
֮Ȼ˵ãڴ
ʺͷ촽۵ϣ¶һ˿̵Цݡ
սҶɺͳ֮չ
صµͨȻ۸ӣǣۺȴһЩļԴжϳˡҶɺͱûпϢˣڿٽսȻٻȥһ߶ĳۣܿ˾ԼҶɡ,
Ϊ˼͵ԣҶɺȻȥǣ쳣ȵǣֱӴڳϵԶ뻭ȦȦȫã
ۻһԿӣ϶Ҫ̾һ޽֮Ȼ˵ã
ǻϵʿ׹еսνʱȫռˡرխ֮ͨУ̲˷ḻϵıڣֿɼʩչ޽֮ǿ硣
һδεĹϣȻɴ󲿷ֵתƵı֮Уէһȥ۾ͺʲôûܵƵá
ֻܲˣ
һȻס˳ۡǣȴҲûг̫ãһͨı󷨺ȥϢ֮󣬾ǿн󷨸ȫݻ٣
Ҷаһ
ԭԼǿڤ۷壬׷ͷȴֻпڤ˲㣬Լ١ǣƾŵ֮㣬ԼȴٳռϷ硣
Ǽػɷǽʯ֮⼸ػŵƾ֮ЧҶɺ𾪡
ͷ˰Ķһþ磬Ҷ
׷ɱôʱ䣬ֻ۴Ƴþ硣ʱ˵ʵԼܵٶȡ
ǰ׷ͷȴͬһ˷ѡ
ÿһθӵĿռ飬ǡþֱָҶɵߣʹҶɲòСġ
տʼҲ࣬ģҶɾ·硣
ȴԽˡ
ʿƵһȴʱúľȻԼȷռ˵խͨͬҲԼķӡһСģ汻ҶɸҧһڡƣɾͲˡ
׷Ҷɵʱײһͨʱȴűֱͨ׷ȥһ۶ʼձʵľ룬ð
ֻҪȥ϶ܰɵ
΢΢Цţͺ񿴼ʤ⡭
283.벶ȸںϣ
283.벶ȸںϣ
һսҲѾ
һĶͬĲأǾǣĸ붷ʿܳõάֱ״̬
ûҶɱʱпڤ۷塣𣬸жͽ׵ˮ׼ǣϾΪޣûдﵽˮ׼ԣ˶Զ־硣
ۡҲͬ⡣ǵǻϵʿ׹ܽһķšҲΪʲôǻѡ׹Ϊսԭ
ҲȷԤķչ
ʱ֮ڣ߶öֺǱߣѹһԼϤԹͨ£ͱˡ
ʱ֮󡭡
ȵķЦڳĸ󻼣
Ȼ̾ͳǱ߸ƶȥ
ȴһҲʦɱطʦ֣Ů̫ˣȻԭпڤͽΪ
û۾ֽеʦ֣ңߣ
۴Խ۷ԽǷ˵ٶȡ
нԶַײԽԽһ·ȥֻܶطǱıǣó಻ѡ
׹ȵصԹУȻܸôƣϵŮҲ̫˵㣡
Խ࣬۾ԽߵǱߣȴ¶һ˿Ц⡭
ڼʱбڶ֮ϡֻɫ԰ף˫ֹס΢΢ţȻˡ
ʶɨӸͨûзǸıϵŮޡأѾ۳׻ˡ
ʦ֣ȡȡڰǽˡ۴Ϣţ˵ǲ֪þûִڡ
Ϊ˵ӹһ𣿻ɣ
۵ıȻƺ΢һ¡
ܿ죬۾ҡҡͷʦ֣֪һҲûҪӡ
΢΢Ϣ£۾ּ˵ֻʦ֣ǸϵŮǰ˵
۵ԽԽ˵󼸸ʱѾ΢ˡһ˫ָĴڵϣѾ
ȴûйȥüͷһ壬ߵߣСҲƭҹȥȻѾû˵ˣΪ־һ̣
ȥһͨ巢죬еķǷŸոռصķµһƵʣÿһ󣬷״֮ģ֡
̵ⷨǰʱۣͺȻܹĿһ۵ȳȥʱѾƶȥʮɵľ롣,
һ˵ǣôֻƳôˣǰ׷ɱʱ㲻һƣܳȥüѲɣѾݶϣ㻹ɱң
ѿ״ķŹŹֵֻǿ׼ۣʱ׼ٴμ̶
Գ۵䳰ȷҲش𣬶һƣŸԶĵطȥ
ӣ
Ҳץȥ׷ֻЦվԭء˺üκ󣬺Ȼ֣ԼȻʼΧų۶ȦӡԼôŬȦӵİ뾶Զ֮࣡
ⷨӦúϤɡ˵˵˷ɵ¼Ҷûⷽȥ룡ǷҲǸţȻܹƳþһڤʿѵĽƿռ䣡
˵ţʶȴһҲɵĽۡ
룬ּʿ˵ʩչɱСǣñʱԽǽԽǽ
ϾԼԵģսթۣ
ѣŭŷɱ˹һĳ壬۵״Ӳײұ֮С
Գɱۣԭزټһֵ˼ûС
۳˼֪ǣתҪʱ򣬽ŵ¾ͺȻһľٲס
ľùͻأ޷۲ɵôһǣȻϵĳŹľ٣ȴûвκЧ
𾪵ۣɵʩչƾ֮ܡǣӾȵ鷢ˡ
ռʣ޶
ԭˣԭˣǻ֮ãʦ֣ڻӮˡ
֧һʱҲ޷άϵڤΪˡΪ轵𵤾ʱľٺ谭ľͽ峹״̴
һǿˣʹһغ
ۡ
ڱٴͷ­ԪûӶݳڼֲסˣһѪ
ڡ
ʲôڴñ𣿳ۣ㻹̫ˣ
һóֵȻų۵Ŀڣ֣
284.벶ȸں£
284.벶ȸں£
Ȼɫüѿ
Ȼûʲôʱܵҵϸȥˣ
֪𣿡ۿĵĹЦǸܣԶ֪
ŭۣΪ͵͵ĽҵϸͿӮµĿޣ֮
۷Ц۰ۣһССܡʵҲۣ
㡭
˫ԲɣҪ˵ЩʲôǣyijingҲ޷˵ˡһǣyijingױⲻ֪ʲôļһռݡ
ֹһʱ
ٴο˵ʱָֻǳˣְŵļһҲyijingˣֻҪ׳ԽþshijieҾЦˣ
ĿԣβòϥǿſŨϵ
ǣϢʱͻأ
𣿾ʣǾʣԪ֮һ˻þ֮ãһûа
һޣδ֪Ŀռл˳ģһκֻҪһۣľŮޡ
㣬ǲyijing𣿡ֵĽеʱ˿̣壬ȴƸղǰ١
˵ǸܣԶ֪Ҷɳ˶أǵԶ֣
ɱңĴһyijing΢΢壬ô̱ȥ
Ĳ
Ҷһ֣ȴЦɣɣһˡ
ģġȫʢή١ߵķȻdanshiıϵȴޱǿ󡣲һ򣬱ͽ׽huilai
ͿĿ΢΢һЦyijingԪ񣬽Ҷɡ
ѻ꣡
ûãҶɾչ
ͬʱҲȵʵɣͻˣ
ǵģͻˣҶɺǺЦûxiangdaoĶŷȻÿԽɻ󣡡
ϲˣЦ𵤾ķȻ˻񾳽ľ֪֮ʯǰᾪȳʲôģأ
ǺǣǾٶһ㾪ȣ
ҶɺǺЦţ֪ѶϢһһݸ˱𡭡

þƣ
һֱ棬ȴ֮ʯ£ȻͿҶ˫ۡȻ󣬱Ҳ¶˵΢Цţһİӣ˵ߡ
ǸԽţģ֮ʯʵ
ۣʯͷ˵ţĿŵĴһȻ۾ֿ¡,
ۣʦߵȫŮλҲʦĸˣ
ҽ㣡Ҷɺĸţһӡ
ԭǽ㣡Ŷʦ
еֵţģǵ¿ЦţyijingüαľգȴҲĻЦ£Ūԡ
ţһʱ򣬺Ȼ²Цˣ֮ʯҲĬˣΧĿù졣
ȫˣ
ڿѧ˱ĹźţyijingǳʱǸСˡ֮ʯʣҲȵĵɴ۾
Թԣ˵ʦֻн𵤾磬ʦǿڤôһӾͶˣ˰
һ£ţϾְһӡ
ţģ֪֪ʲôʦصģ
ţĴһԩʦǿš㲻Ƕ֪ʲôǡǿǿĴڰ
۾ʲôӵʲôô
㣬СӺ˵˵Ҷε˵Ҹľˮ׼ȷʵˣҲƲǸþshijie
ţҶɽþshijie﷢飬ԭԭȫ˵һ顣
Ҷ˵ˣµ۾Ҳ͵ɵøˡ
ǵİɣôɣҲŪһþϽľΪˣ
ΪصʳױµķΪԪΪˢˢˢıǡɾľˮ׼ʺûûκιΪ˲Լľʧ⣬߻ħ²òŵ
ںˣȻͨþshijie
㣬þҪƽ⣬ڡ
ʲô˸һʱ䣬ͽһ£˵ˣ´һӣеԵģ
ðɡ
̬ҶҲò˵ͷǡ
ֻ֮Сʱ¾ƾ
ǵİɣôף
Ҷɸ۵С۵ģȫ֪ôԼľˡ˲ԼͬʶǰҶϵʲôı仯
285.
285.
ֻϧҶϵƣѰҸԵɣȴҲûκΰ취
ƾҲȫûκջ񡣾Сʱ֣Լĸ֮壬ȻԽþshijieʵshijieһ
ʵʵʵʵ飬Ѿͷ㲻֮ʱ䣬Ҫ磡
ǿyijing޷ݵʣ֮ʯyijingȵԸˡǣһǸԽСţĵֱӾͱĳһ䡣
ҶɣССߵҲһУ˼Ҫȥº㲻СҲǸ
ʵҶҲͦġ
Լϵ˵ҲǺǿˣǡ
żԵıʾͱԼϲ١
ϸ㣬Ļ֮⣬ûʲôܣȴͻȻ;ˡ֮塱ĽļƷʡ
ھ͸ӿˣһռﴩԽţģֻʣһԪˣ嶼ԼġһֱǡţĵĻ˵ֱǳ˹ΰһ͵Ҷɺͱͣࡣ
ﴫ붺Ȥzhende˵ɣҿץˡȥ㲻û꣬ͱͽܳˣ
˵ûҶҲпͷһʱ䣬ͳ嵽нףСѵûħ𣿡
п֮࣬ҶҲʼ˿̿ھҶɲԶĵطʱ顣˾ͺֻص˸ս֮ʱ˾޴ĳ˿»һֱȥҪȵ׶飬Ż뿪˵ء
֮ļҶҶ󷨡Ҷüͷ֮Ҫʩ¼ӹʱ֪ɫĹâһӾͰ⼸󷨸˲ݻ٣
֮ɫâٶȲֱҶҶɲɵһһͽɫĹâץС
ףҵı׶ôˣһȻͺһʶɨ˹
ⲻãһʹһ
ȪɳԵҶ֪ǰڴǱޣее
Ҷ̧ۿȥ˵һʿжһΪԼµĿҲͲŸո˽תΪˡ
Ҷ֪֮һʿԼΪǰΪԼľΪ̫ߣһѹԣҶԼǻʿˡ
˻ˮҶɱˡԭ󷨣ޡȻҶԼ˻ʿҲ⸽˶ǣҶʶһɨһϤӰ޷ˡ,
Եڣô磡ҶɳǱһָȵǱ߲¹ʿҶǳıӵˣ¹ʿҲǣ
Ǳߣڤ߽ʿΧŵģԼ֮Ե־˼¹ʿ
ʱ˿̣yijingΪƴֻϧķԵ˥Ȼһڷʮ㣬ȴҲֻܽڤ߽ʿƽֻ֡ҪҶټȥϲܼȥ
ҶɺʣҶҲ𣬵Ҳһش̫ϸǣҶ֯һ´ʻ㣬õĹӦǰ֪¹ʿǿһ˵¹Ҳ¹ǻȪɳɡⲻӵʦֶѶ͸Ϲˡ
ҶΪԼ˵нڣڤʿеıûʿҲۡ
Ҷµõ˼һЩҶȻûϸȴҲףȥĵط϶ǷͬСɡ
¹ЩԨԴ£˰ɡҶĮ˵
ʱ䣬Ҷɫͱúѿ
Լ׷ɱˣֶ飬Ž
ǣǰλǻʿ
Ӷ飬һķԾ˵ԼֻССĶһʿˣǶŲ㣬Ҳڻʿֵúð
Ǳߣ¹ʿȻЩή٣ⷨȴԼҲȥǿˣҲܽ¹ʿ¡
ˣˣȥʦʦ֪һɣxiwangǲҪ̫
Ҷа̾һҶɹ˹֣ǰ
˵գҶλڤʿȻҲٳڤʿȥˡ
ȻյеͿǣ˿۾߿ʱʱʹסˡ
ҶҶѣȻˣ
ӦģֻҶɵĹЦ
286.˻
286.˻
ԭֻľˡѶ˵ͷԵ̾Ҳ˵ˡһû˵˭ԽΪľԾ֮أ
Ҷǫ䣬ȴЦҪ֪һжͽ׵ķΪֻ֪뷨
ȻʱǺˣʦųҲﲻ㡣ӣ»ƽͿЩ߰ɡҶҲ̸ָָ棬顣
Ҳˮ֮ˣһͷݹһ塣
Ҷѣ¹ҶʲôҪæģȥ¹ҡ
Ҷɽӹһ׵棬ֿĵһֱƲڰڵԲ¡
ҶѾ֪¹֮УųʿŮޡʣһޣҲŷ֮ȴû룬¹ȴͬϹһ㣬ֿޱȣ޵µϸ֮硣
ԭ壬Ѿ׼뿪ˡҶɶʽǺ棬֪ôģȻ䡣
Ҷѣ¹꣬ҲǷϹʱڣ¹һʽơ˵ĵǼϹűϣֻϧ³ۣδܲҶѵԣû׼ԿһЩŵ
ϵõֻȻĶ䣬ȻҶЦݡ
̹ϣûЩŵ
ʱ䣬ɴ˫ۡ

û壬ԶˡҶɲͶұҪԵĵ㲦һͬᷢһϵе顣һССĳ֣ҶһλصѰ֮·Ҳһμ˹¡
ºÿҶɻֱʣܻ᲻ɵõ̾ҾѾԶһԵʧ֮ˡ
ʱ˿̣ڼԵĸϵʱҶɲûзɶļءǣлʿ߷ɹʱûܼʱĽߡ
˲ƣ
˲ƣ
ҶɷλֻһֲѵĻʿʱ⻯ʿ֮⡣ǣûҶɾͿǻʿһ˾Ѿߵ˾ԼǧһСɽϡ
ԵΣ߶ŵˡ
ƽ͵òһ˿谭ĴԽǧ֮أͽҶɵĶС
ҶɽߵȻһãȻûκ
ҶɽúúõģȻסڲԣ̧ͷ濴ȥһת֪Щԡ
ʣǣҲ֪һԼ˿ڣҶٻҪ¶ˡǣװ֪״ܻĳҶɹ˹˵лҶǰָ㣬ܽˡ
Ҷǰôˣ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷôһһĶԵεȴǻǰָڤˡ,
һã֮ڣе֡ˣþòҶɻػɵȵѵҪԵڽ𲻳ɣ
һΣҲСԼ΢һΪںķѷʧȥ˵ѪɫӣڱøӵĲ԰ס
ԵֶΣҪҶһ
Ҷɰţһ֮
㣬æ
Ϣ֮󣬾΢üͷҪڸҶ˵ʱҶɶˡ
ԣһԵڵһ𾪣ղŵƽ͡
ֻҶԭأֿɼǣԶǧ֮С֮ϣҲȻһҶɣ
εˮƽȻóǰҶģԶǸҶɣͬҲģ
ݲζ෴ӦǰҶɾͿ˵ˡ
ˣұˣԵ𣿺ãããҶɻһȥݷһµģ
䣬ռһģξͻȻãΧľ仯ƺͣһ¡
Իʿ֮ܣѾԽΪļסϸ΢仯εĿٶԱȣаݡ
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ղŵҶɣλûиԵɡݵüԺԲƵʱͣ٣ȴεУ緭һ㣬þòƽ
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Ϊʲôָо
Ҷɲףǣ֪ס
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ƹȦǼҶջ׿ԽȻΪʹſ߹أ,
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ʱ˿̣ĿһĻڵֱζӳ£֪ʲôźˡ
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СʱɽЩƧЩȺ
Щһʱ䣬ɽƺûôƧˡڣڹϣһλƯʦס
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һʱļ䣬ˬʵЦͼǲ̫ˡϾǸʱԼŬԸΪֹѡ
˵һвˡ˵ԽԽദö¹ʿڱ˵Ļ
ȴźʦĻ
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ӣɽôһ£
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Զ֮ⰡôʦɽʶֱӽͶ͵ҵǰ
ԲδɢҶɼ˵ӻѣԸش⣬ﴫȦ֮У
ҧҧ촽ﴫ¹ߵȼĻܣ
ЦɽںϵĿ
Щ¹ǰµˣ֪¹ȻһϹ
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293.ɽϣ
293.ɽϣ

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ԭɽͲ˴ھȻ˵ֻҪǰæҲˡ
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ЩոոϵʿſЦ֮ĶǿʦҪټһԸҶɣɽһϣ϶ҪԴˡ
ֻҶ֪ҪԴĿԼ
Ȫ·еգȻ΢΢ҵɫԶգǷһơ
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ʿܶʩչʱƺƴ󡣿Ҷȴףյ䣬ɽΪ
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ȥɽǷѾУѾûκ塣ɽǷˣԼò֡
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ſռһѣʵĸоԽԽǿʵĸо֮⣬Ҷɻоһˣ̤ĳԼ

ʱһҶɶһΪǸоȷУɽһǲִҶɵ塣
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һʱ䣬Ҷɾ;ãڵĳԼСʱĲô󡪡
һ޵еĸ֣Ȼӳһľ꣬ǿĵɸ㶨
ڣҪɸ㶨ģòƾԼ
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Ҷûˣֱʵأƺ̲ԼûнӴ
ĳļһ𣿿£ΪĳɣҶЦ,
ǿڻþҶйᡣ˻þ֮ҶһֱҪʵͬļɣǣܻѡ
ھһѵĻᣡ
ɽһܹĴڣôҶɿ϶жԶͶԶˡɲǳé®ͷ֪࣬УƫҪȥӢۡ
ɽῴҲǶĳĴڣ򣬸ղһԲᱻԼ˿
һϵеͷʶֻ֮գ۶ǣɽĵڶιѾ
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ȼʿ֮䶷ܿȭӣֱǻЦԶԶʮռĺܶʿ¶˲мЦ
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ҶɵһֱȭҲģġɽЧҲ̫ࡣ
ǣҶɸҲɽ׼ȷλֻ˳ƻһȭģһȭȫ˿ա
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Ҷֿ죬ٺЦЦ
ҶɵЦݣŭɽһεĹֱ˻
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ÿһ⣬Լ޿ɱܡ
ÿһ⣬ֱӶԼȷ塣
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ǣΣ֮еҶɣȻܳĹЦ
ѾܹԴȤȤ
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ΪԹߣҿҶηġĴƽ˾ҶɣѹȸղҪ˺ü֡
ǣɽŭȴü٣
ҶȷʵûʩչʲôķԣѹҲزáǣͨķȴһδλɽ֮Ĵӡ
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ȻָɽǼλʿҲȫû뵽Ȼ顣
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ղŻռϷ磬ĶҶɵ塣ת˲֮䣬ЩͲܿƵĺҷСΪٵĵ⣬Լ˹
ɽǣղŻ޷ܵҶɣѾԻһֽˡҶܹһֽţԼȴеţ
ͺԼҶγһ˳Ĺͬ塣
ֻҪҶܶ֣ԼҪԵͻ֡
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ҪΪ֮սħܿƵŰŷԲʮĿռ䣡ǿħԶڻȪ·һ˵ĻʿǣҲӦ
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һʿ½˲Ƶǿ¹ٴеӣΪ¹Χĳλħ
ѣû뵽ھȻôʿλСֻͽˮ׼Ȼܹħƽ֣
Щʿ̾пЦ֪ġС硱¹Χ˵Ķ󡣶֮ħ¹ʿ
ҲɵңԼûٸɽ֡ЩʿԼ
֪ħļһ¹ʿ
ĿƵɽʱĲһ㡣
ܹһε¹ѡĲϵ츳Ƕϸ΢оо츳ѵá
ʦѵɽ֣ﴫ޷ε΢΢
ЩĿһۣǱģ¹ߣҲ˵У
Ļش𣬾ͺպĵһףһӾͽոѹȥĸ飬޷Ƶıӿ
УʦҾ
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ԩĿ⸴ӵĿ˿֡
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ڣԼǰһѡԼô׶֣
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һֺɫԲ£ͻأĸĪĸ߿֮ϡǶħ֪֮ʿԼͬķһ
Ӱħ£
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ھԮ˼֮Ϊ˹Լջ˴ħϡҲһУ֪ħĴڡ
򵥵˵ħǶͽʿĻ⣬ħǻʿΪ֮ĶĴڡ
ûʿĶĲҲҪ,
ûʿĶģħŵ
ͺñȣԴԽţرȤҪҶţΪͽԼĬĬ۲졢ĦţеĵεΡ
ʿҲҲᾡץסħȻΪħṩһõԼһ۲죬ϸĴĦ
ֻһûʿħץǾǰӰħ£
ϣδҵӰħµáΪħ޳شͻƵסͺ񣬻ʿ֮һǣ죬Ŀ˰Ӱħ£ףԼĲ²⣬öôס
ħһԾ
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Ǹղ˵ľԶԶ̸ⰵӰħµһڿдݡ
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֪ӰħҶɣ̲סһղĪĿռƮ죬ĪļѲɣɽӵеܹӰʿʶо
ԣǸղţڡ˵ʶ쳣ܵӰģֻʿʶ
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Ӱıʿʶ˵ҶɾھɽǧĵطҶʮ֮⣬ħ֮Ҳ˲䴫
Ȼ䣬Ҷɾ;кö෨Լǣ۾ȥȴκηڡ
ҶּʿӦٶȶ쳣ģΪ˵ĹٶҲ硣ˣڵĿٷӦۻһֱܵȻӦ
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һĵطǺȻӿһƬȳĸˮ˲ͽҶɸɣ
296.ǿ˹
296.ǿ˹
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ڣɽȻħһȣֱӾϻ۷塣
ͬʱҲյħ֮ʤⸯ֮ˮ֮һ
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ǿҵֿŶˮʴҶҲһγʩչʱ֮Լʱ˰ȫĻС
ȻħˡҶɰĥڻ۷⣬ݺҲ˵ֻԶģ޽Ӵİ㣡
˼µе̺һҶʼնûù
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νġˡѧϰص֮Ҷɷ֪ʵһ༫䷱
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ǣɽˡ׼ȷ˵ԭ͹ڰѾͻħͷ
ŵɽĵͷԼѹǰӰħܹĵطɽѹڣ
֮䣬ƿʮռ䣬ָоʵ̫ˡ
ǣԼĳ˱ڸˮƴָоԣ
ɽ֪ҶɰЩʲôǣΪԼѾʤȯա
ҶɣѾʤȯգʮʿһţԼѾʤȯգ
ĴЦڳÿһ˵ġɫصĿ˿˵㻹ֹ𣿡
ûлش˶Ѿл㱣֪Լƾˡ
ڣҵĸ顣Ϊʲô
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ʱĸ¹ʿȥ۲϶֣ᷢصıԵǣʱ˿̣˵עȫǲЦɽϣ
еķǻʿȫ˰֮⡣Ҳڻجج֮У¹ʿԶս
λѡ֮ǰɨһ¹Ļʿħ¹ֵģλұһ¹òλٳҲ٣
ɽģôʿУ
ЩʱϹĻʿǶһˡ˼¹жλʿҲֻܹ˹֣Զá
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ĥţеĻʿ̾ͿʼֳѡеĻʿʩչ֪ͨͬţڵʿϹ
ħκһʿŹλᣡ
ȻףЩʿȻʱˣǣȴʱ޿̲źһӡ
ɱ
򵥵һ֣ȴĸʿһݡ΢΢˵ͷʹֱʩչԼǿֶΡ
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ɽ
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Ϊ˱ǿԾȻ֡ڣּͽһǸǺ飡
ɫĶط׷ױŷɽȥһʱ䣬ĶĿĹ⻪һգԶЩҪһĻʿǣ̲ס˵̾
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ǿŸոճûãһܣͽЩ˰룡
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ոܣôХֱʿȥ
ҪʩܣȴԼ
Ҫʱ˱ܣȴֻ֣Ҫ΢΢һܸо⴦ɱ
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297.
297.
֮սʱһܣҲûܻᵱݰŸɵļأûһʿǵɱġ
ڣǷɽһ壬Ȼ˲ʱռơңпһ̣Ϳȡʿ
Ӱħµǿ
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ڣͬʱϵȴȫǻ۷ˮ׼ûаɢļ
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Ǽķ鱦ʩչķȴûܹȫܵһ
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޷ˣֻһԽգֱ壡
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Ҳһ̣ޱĸо·Լ֪˽֮£кܶܶࡣ
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׳յʵǷͬСɡԼǲһЧǾֻӶ֮ˡҶһ߿ŷɽݺأʮʿһ߼ӿǴСˣܵϷɽϢ
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ˣҲ֧Ų˶á䣬ƺǲɱĽ֡
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Ŀ⾼עŷɽףɽΪʲôⷬģ
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ʱ˿̣ѾͻƣҲ̳뿪ộҲûķݶˡûбıʵУ¹Ҷ֮Ĺϵ׻δչҲûܹԤϡ
ΪİΪڵıˣһСû뵽һСĳɣͳ׸ı¹δ
ҶڳˣȻҵһܸ㶨ɽǣȷֻҪɽûǣȫıϢҲӲԼ
ղŻǲЦķɽɫȻ䡣ףΪʲôѾѹƣȻ廹⵽Ĵ
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һЩ˵ʿѵ͵Ϯҵˣȫҵʶ̽飿
ڷɽոͷʱҶСϣ˵
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У
Ҳ͵ϮߣҲסκһιɽʱ⡣
ʿȻѾ⣬ȻжԶܶԶˡѾħķɽȴͬЩѾǱĻʿȫǾѵĲƷ
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ŷɽʣ֮İӰħ˲ͳ顣Ӵ˲γһ޴©״С
пӽȥȻһƬ֪״޿ռ䡣з֮˸η壬ľҪ㿪ȥ,
ǣǰӰħµǿ󡣷ԲʮеʿȫӦһģȫ֮У
һգҶɾҪ֮ԼСֻ֣ҪǷɽûӳһ磬Լҹȥǣʶһɨ̴ͷ
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ԭҲ˵ֻǻȪ·һƬء
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Ҷɵɺ֣ܳʵҶɻǲԼԼҲпѱ硣ΪԼҲǺԼڵġ
ԶԣҶɹ˹֣뿪ʱԶҵѹ˵עһ˹ȥ
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һֺƾģʿҲǷǳˣȴҲһ룡

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ȻãԼõѾǿˡǣȴɱ跢֡
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ΪǴ󵨵ѲΣŷ˸·ޣ糱ˮ㣬ԴԴϵĳۡ
ʱǾͺȥǣûҶɸţֵȫ⡪֮УѾҶɵһʱСŶӵͷˡ
ڣҶٴˣ˶ܸˡյĸˣǰζ
ҶѣѾн۷Ϊˣϲϲ
ƾĹϲǱµˣ϶Ҫȫſϡƾ˭ĲĴʿڤʿƳһ۵ôһʿأ
ǣƾ֪ʵΪֻнĲʱҶɣѾܹͻ۷ԿѾﵽ۷Ҷɣ֮ʱֻ
ƾǣҶɽԪӤˣ׿ڤˡҶɵķΪԽԽߣ֮ʱܹӵĿֲ
ò̫ʱ䣬ܸЩɶ࿹⣡
󵨵Ʋ⣬ԣ󣬵һڵִϹżʱؿ飬ƾʮּվҶһߡѡҲΪԼڵţԹĺô
Ǹ֮Ľձƾ˸ĺôΪվҶһߣգΪҶȥԥ,
˷׷Ҷɵ֮ƾ˵ҶѣǰҸյѷ֣ȫطӿȥ֪طʲô飬ҪҪȥ
ô֣Ҷüֱȥ̫Σˣ÷ȥ
˵ţҶһν֮һΣΪȻߴﻯ˲㣡
ڣʶҶɵƾҲΪ仯еˡҪһҶɱǿŻĳԾ
ʵ廯Ӱ˲ʧ˵ǰҶɾѸٻָ۷״̬޹עĵطԣҶɸķɽ䡣
Լ̬ȡ
Ѿԥħķɽȥ£¹磬شʧ
ΪɽѾô໯ʿȥ
Ҷѣǻվһߣ
յ̬ȣ̬ȣҶĵ˵ͷһСС˶ٴģһӦҶɵĿ⣬һɽ;ȿȥ
ǲ̫Զôĸо
ƾ˲ûпǴССˣǿˣҲС˸ϵһ𡣵Ҷ˵ʱͶ˳ҶɵĿ⣬ԶƬɽͿȥ
벻߰ǧƾյʶˮ׼ɵľܿһƬɽֻ͡Ǻ۵һСݣҲܽһ¶飬
ǣƾվȻʲôûп
ȵĽһȴûһҶɵжϡ־ȵǣֻô̵ľ룬ǷɽȻܹȫʿʶ
Ҫ֪Ƿɽħ֮٣ЩʿܹҼġǲʱҶֻƾоȥɽЩȻ˿յķȴȫȷɵġ
һΣ֮Ȼ޷
ɽǿˣ
ƾղɵи̾ɱɽľģǿҡ
310.ɱɽ£
310.ɱɽ£
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ǣΪҶѲt󣡡ƾԴ˵
Ҷɵ˵ͷҲٶ˵ֻΪǣӰʵ˲ƶһӾ͵Ƭɽ͵Ͽա
Ҷɲ֪ǣʵɽǱƾġ
ɽһƬʱץƬĸʽޣǽһڸ졣ûö೤ʱ䣬˻۷ΪƳ˺öƷȱ嵱ģƷ鱦Ƴˡ
мƷԪ񷨱ϸԪƷжټȹĻ۷ķΪһʱ䣬ɽ;ңУһƬİǿڣҲ赲ԼǰĽŲˡ
ֻϧŵķɽܿ˴鷳
ڵϹӡ֮ԻᱻǱҶɸֵġһƬϹ֮ԻἤϹӡǣΪطӡ򿪣
ŵĺĴķɽܱߵľ⵵¡
һѶ޷Լ壬ʡȴԼȥҵ鷳ǣܿ죬֪Ծˡ
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Լ۷壬Ȼ֮ûУ
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ʱɽŷ֣ЩԾ
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ڷɽԣֻҪ㹻ĻޣͿͨɣѸٽ״ָ̬塣ҲޣǷɽٵǱޣָ
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ڻ˵ʿԪͷϷɽθڡʱѾȫûˡͬࡱʶһ飬ȫʳ
ƾǱȻ޸ζʳ
ˣɽԶԶĳ˹ȻԶԶĿƾ׵ʧӰ١
ǣΪʲôɽƬɽеԭˡãζɿڵʳһڸ֡ǣû뵽ǣһγֵģǳҶɣ,
ǰҶȥ޶Ӱʵ壬Ѿ˷ɽע⡣ڵʵһ۾ͿǲҶɵı塣ǣ¼飬ȫעļȴ
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һ϶ɵ󷨣৵һ
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Ӱħγɵǿ򣬷ɽ˲ͽͶ䵽ǼӰʵ档
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׺ݵһ㣬˲ҶɵӰʵǰ
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ʱķɽӵ뷨Ϊƥľˮ׼ܹʿ侲˼ϸϸãܷ֣ܿΪԼÿһι֮ǰѾܵҶɵĸţ
ͺñһ֣ƽľʱ򣬺׾ٷСǣŹһ̣Ȼ飬ȥôĿأ
ÿһη֮ǰɽͺһ֡ȻĵٺãȻսǿһδεĹҲעͳͳգ
ԶҶȻվ֮СţҪٲһЩӰʵġԭƻǣӰʵȲһӣȻ󣬱ȥոɽ
ǣҶû뵽ɽľˮ׼Ȼô֮УȻû֣Լ˾Ҳ
Ҳ̫˵㡣
һг䶨Ҷڳ״ݻ˷ɽ˳õԼҪõĶҶҲɵõһ䡣
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ڣԼ嶼ûг֣һ֮ƬȻ֣ǰǳŵʲôôأ
ĴѺԼһʱ䣬Ҷɲ֪òûˡ
ڴӸӸаѳʱ˿̣ĸо׻ָҶüͷ΢ĿԼʱʣѾ³Ҷɵ˼
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ҶûԤϵǣҲΪֹĸԣŵ¼Ϊ¹ն޷ľ޶Ƹ
Ҷһ󷨣ص֮С
һ֮ʯƬһͱҶ֮ȻƬѾ룬ǣҪܼ֮Ҳֻ֮֮ʯܰвȫ֮
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Ĵ¶ڡأ˶ڼſ㲻ã˶֪һ֮ƬȻ֡
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ٺ٣СӣͺúÿŰɣԾģ治֪Χ˶
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ʱºȻһһɫӴз˳ѸٷɽºĿС

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һ˲䣬ҶɵĲ͵õ֤
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һʣΪ֮壡֮ʯ˵һʣֿϸΪܶ֡УΪǿΣСӵ֮ˡʽת֮塣ʲộҲһң֮̾ܲȱķ,
֮ʯ͵ʱһ˿˿֮ºڲ͸һ򣬾ɢ˿֮С
Ҳˡ֮ʯŬŭ죬˵ΨһõľǣĲ֣ȻʧˡСǻԪʱҪһЩҲ˷˲ɵԪ֮
Ҳ˵öеųɾŵĶʧˣҶէ˵Ҳ̫ݳ˰ɡ
Ҷɾã֮ʯ϶Դ¿ˣе㲻ѡ
ѵñҪ֪ڵı𣬱֮ʱȶڶнס
㲻űҲԵһҰұʱл߲ˣΪ֮Ӧúܸܿ㶨˰ɡ
Ҫ֪ɲ˷һöö顣ÿʱҪһö깤Ҫķʮöô㹻ºԪӤˣ
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֮ʯͣҶɸϸĴº
ǰһƳҶɲûз֣ºķΪкߡһΣϸȥº·ɵ˫ۣŷ֣ȷǿôһ㡣
Ȼֻǿ˺ܲԵһ㣬ǣҲֲܿˣÿʱʱ䣬һΣǾͱκҪѸٿݣ
һ룬ڵºȣ̫ࡣüΣҶɶԼо´ƺһԱ֮ʯ֮Իѡȷʵ޵ķʸ
ǰ˵ûôȷСҶ΢˷ܵ˵ǵãҪǲĻȥɱƬĻޣ
Сӣɵ˲ǣ׻ָ֮ʯãЦǵãЩҲȥɱˣ㻹гǧҪţ
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312.ټФ
312.ټФ
ФҵФԵڵΣڶе˷ܡ.n.С˵
ոսҿӡ뵽һƬʱӿĻޣᡣۼʿһ䣬ĻȴԴԴϣûκμٵļʱڶ㳷ȥˡ
ڣǼֵվ˸˷ܵĹâ
ٶȿ㣡ٿ㣡һξѪҪ˷ˣҪϸңǧ©ˣ
ФΣڷģ˵ͬĻڷЩ޵֮ЩӴĻޣͲΣա
ⶼǲƸκɡ壬Ϊ֮˷ܵӴƸ
ۿȥԴԴϵӿĻޣΪģҲǶͽף
żл߽׵Ļޣȫɥʧǵ߳塣ǸߵĻأ࣬һǿΪųɾŵĶ˷˺Ҵ֮У
ФΣֻʿҶûʱȥоԵɡǾ͵ϣͣظĶɱޣռ޲ϣȻ󣬼
Ѿ˺ü¡żֻϢǾһ̶ͣЪæµţֱڣ·ʿ֪ԷĴڡ
ȻģǸ֪Ҷɵ˵Ĵڡ
֮⣬ҶɴƾաˣԶԶעߵս
Ȼʲôûн׶飬˵֮ңԶľ룬ܸܵһЩѹ֮⣬Ҳֻյ⡣
Щ޶ɵôص󷨣ǻʿҲҪСƽɡȻ˵
ҡҡͷҲ֪ôش
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Ҷɣǣ֮ʯûܸԵɣҲǿһͷˮ˵Ϊֹ˶ݽӴ˼֮⣬Ҳûм˵Լˡ
޷飬ʱҪȥħΪһʿҶ˵˵ͷҲͲȥо顣
Ҷѣ©ҲЩ󷨣Щ޶ʵ
ҪһˡԼһˣҶɣҲš,
û룬ҶȴƳƳԼǺЦİ죡
Ҫһ˰
˾޴ĲƸҲɵ˷
󣡡
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ҶѣѡФһ·ǲФҲƾ̽ѯʵ
ԶòпᡣФұƵֻФһʿֶս˺üµʱ䣬Ф£ľƣҶҪФңԳֵģƾͿԴ͡
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ѣ㲻ҪСФҡФңҲδõ
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ΪȪɳǵĻʿƾֻ֪Фл߽ʵȴδ˵ФѾ׻۷壬˵һֻ̤֮ˣ
ӵʵФȻҲᡰήҡģΪʲôҪװģ
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ФǵãһμҶʱҶԪӤʵʱФ;ãԼҶɣ²Ǳ塣ңⲻǱĴڣԼ޷ӦֶΡ
һټΪȻ˽۷壡
ҪΪФһ㡣Ϊ轵ΪΣ
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޴ûҶɵˣ򣬾Ф֮ܣҲڸഢﱦﱻ֮ǰӴȺУЩ̳(ֻ3ܼס.С˵)
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Ф
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ФѵͲФӵܵˣ
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Ҷٴ죬Ф;ս⣬ҲٴĲϱ仯ȻܿͿסԼȴǾĪ
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Ҷɵ˵ţӰʵ壬ȻȺУɱͻİȻ߽׵ʵ廯ӰЩȻٷҲѸٱ˻ص֮⣡
Ф۾ٿľгһߣҶչֳȷʵȻФڵľΪӰʵ岢ƽ⡣ǣ˭֪Ҷɻûʲôѹ׵ļأ
һ鼫Ʒʯ˹ФҲٷϻѸ˳һƬءӡٴǰ£Фҵİʿ׵ģھĻȪ·Уٴγ֡
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ҶɿɴûָФ˶ԼӴҲ̤Ƭءǿ鼫Ʒʯ֮һӣҶʩչ׹Ӱˣٿӣ˲ƵһսıԵ
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Ҷɹ۲ʮ֮ɱʱƾת˹
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棬Ҳ֪˶ãס˿ӯӯĿҶɡ
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ЩˣձȷһЩܷѾֿռе֮ˡǸҶɲΪҶӵһһʿֿռѣ뵽ֿռ֮УȻһϹż
ǣȻżҲ赲ǽ֮ʱؾ䣡֮л⴦żȻ¶
Ҫ뱨𣬱֮һ֮ͱȻᱻЩ˷ֶߡ֮ʯ˵˶ʱֽѵĸо
˺ܾãҶɵһ˸취
Ƴкüռѷ𣿡Ҷɳ˵ҪǰЩռѷŵøһЩӦþͿѸӳһ磡
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ʵҶɶ֪һ㣬ңͻ֮ᷢĴڣ
֮֮ʯγ֮֡ʯ֮ʱҲʮѡô룬ֶ˵㲻ʲôɾǸʱҵľȫδżͨǣ˽ȥ˵γֵ֮ʯˣ𵤱仯Ҷɣûз֡
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˵ԼǶ̶̵ͨǧľ룡
һĴ֣һֱűϣԼȻҶе𾪣֪,
һӣ˲ƵԶҶϸ۲ǳĴ֡
ⴥԼĪһɵĿȣ沼̡ϵѹɲ飬̴ѹǿ󣬲һнʿ
Ϊʲôղû֣ҶԽľȡ
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׿ûһңߺʱ񱻵˵̣ԴǼҵĺȵɳ¹Դ˵̬𣿽죬ҪǲĽͣϷλѣ㣡
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ƾҲǺЦţһûһĸҶţôǱߵļ˵һ֮ƾЩ̲סˣʵ
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ӻʿûһǳصġȻ¹ļʿƣֻΪ˱ʵŻǣȴûһǵĻҩζʮҪ¹⳥ʵҪڳ¹ʵĿġ
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ѩƾ÷ˣʿǱŹ֡ҷ׷׳ѩȥѩô졣
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أʿҲͬˡԣҲ΢΢ҡͷŲͬķ˿˺ü
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һƾչһƴͷ͡ϡҶɣѸٴǰʧ

һߵŷڧҸ̥˲ʱǱߣҲͬڧ֮У
ҶɱţǳֵˣԼŵӦûسƾһڴСŵʵӦɱһ·ʱԼֻøǺ棬ɵ
ҶõûȵֱһڻʿѾΪ˭Ƚ˭۲ݣ
ģǵһǸĻᡣǡǡ෴˭ԸȽȥ
޵˻˭ɵ˵Ǳߵ绹ſʶĹֻǸͨͨ磬ҲûԸ⵱һˡ
ƻţҪĳСŵĻʿȥ̽·ǣϵõֻһʿСţʵΪҵ˴ɽԲŻͬ뵽ǿ֮ʱѩһһߵϡ
̬ķչ͸¹ֳӣһޡ
̥Բ¼ɣ
ܿ죬ǿģԺΪĵˣҲѾߵ˱ıԵ
ΨһһЩǣûѩһΪĳĿģȻ֡
ʱ˿̣ҶɻΪԼļƻеú˳Ϊ˸³ʱ䣬ƾڻȪ·ϹһȦʩʩȻģ˻ͷ·
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ҶɾȵĿɳȫûϵͦƯŮޣȻǸ฾
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ղ˵Щͺɳÿһ仰Ҳװ׵֪ɳߺԼʿΪ
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СӵıҲ̫˵㣬ȻҶ޷͸ٴοʱľΪȻﵽ˻֮
˵Ů޺ٺһЦԽΪ˻ʿǸо϶ˬɡ֪ǸԵڵҪ֪ˣʲô
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Ҷûо˿ӣٻ˵ɡҶɱΪʵܵͣҶɴľ黹ḻȵȡ
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ŮЦԽɣҶɺƾģԽǳءȻŮͬͲƵãǰ˵ϸֶΣ¾ͻǳˡ
ȷֶΣ쳣𾪡𾪵ǲ֮ϣһͷ䵽ϡ
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ҶֻŮһۣûлش
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ڣŮ޺ܿ˽͡
УҾǸϹˡȻڵΧͨ޷򿪣˵ķӡأԼٺĸսˡǣȴϤżһУ֪Ӧʲôƽعذż£ֻʲôԭأ
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֪ôģҶɾţİ˵һ仰ֻ벻ģûġ
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ȻŮʮֿ϶ĵ˵ͷҲµõðաȻԼٸǺ棬Ǳȥǣҿʮֿ϶ĸ㣬ûܣ,
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ⶼܲµ㻹ҳԾŮʮֿŵĵ˵ۡ
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ҶɲͬѾףʲôӵʵǸгйءڵǶȫıҲ̩Ȼ֮ˣοŮ
ԺеԾĹŮҶЦЦʵѵߺˣǱߣ
ûŮ˵ͷĿǣ˵治֪ǸߺôģڵһλϣȻŵߡһ۵СţէȥһаʤħڵĴŵĸӹʵϣȻҲſⰲŹȥģ
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ҶҲŸ̾䣬Ȼ󣬾ʵ˵ǱѾŽǸ翩
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治֪㵽ҪʲôҶɲɵҡͷһذõôڣԼѽȥˡ
ûôѡŮ˵˸ҶɾȵϢǸ磬ͨż·ߡ򵥵·ߣȻǱ˸ˡԣŻῴǸ磡
м·ߴڣȻ
ҶɺܿͲµһФȥˡһ·ҶҲ׼ȷĲµĸʧѾõˣʹͨȥˣֻǣҶɲ֪ǣĸˣѾһ326.桰
326.桰
ˣҲѾ˵˲٣ֵˣŮЦݣĿתĿҶɣ˵ҶɣӦûǵҸղ˵Ļԭٽɳ壬ߡ˵ķã
˵Ůͣ˵Ҫ˵̫͸㵽Ϊֹ͹ˡ
ûֵͻɵ𣿡ҶҡͷЦƾҵð
һЩҪĶҶɰԼһ顣ȻģǱ𣬻֮ʯ֮ȫ
ɾŮҲˡ
ԭǶĸǿŮ˵ͷΪ廳̾У꣬Ҳһ˲õĴڡ
Ůûм˵ȥҶҲǰûʲôȤʵҺϸˣ
ǿϸɡŮҶһۣ˵أֻǶǿĻҲûʸ֪֡СӻŲܣҲͲ׷ˣ͵ϸ񡣲˵ǰ档һ˷ղСʲôסˣҾ
ףҶҲܸɴӦһȻ󣬳ʵôô
ܼ򵥡
ŮЦţòһγֱ仯

ʱʱĶ֣ͷۡ
ǸСδһߵϺ֪Լǿȥˡ
ûЩǳ͵ġǣǰˣԺڵʵκβκˡ
ߣȵϹżǻϣӪ֮ڣŭš
ոִһǵûóʵķ෴ģ¶ƺڵơ
ɲʲôͷ
ʶȫϵ磬Ǳ鲼Ϲűأû뵽֮ǰҲðΣգɻʿȥ
üͷķʱһĴӪ֮ķ
ˣ
˼ֵø˵飬Цģӭ˳ȥ
ԭǶٶŵѣŵԼҵĻӭŵ̫ʱˣֵ飬ҪŵѰæһ
ƽ̫ˡ΢ЦŵĵӦ
ںҶɣʱ˿̣Ҳе㡰ۡ治֪ŮݣλʲôĶû˵ɾ̫֡
˿Щ֡
ôһξͶŵһˣ
ãֱˡҶֹһ£ͲֱӰһˡ,
óλ΢΢Цƽ̣յͽܡҶɣƽ̣
ƽ̣ҶӦǰĽһ
ȵ¿ٴһҶɡ
ûпҶɣֻǣΪԪӤСӣֻǶٴС࣬Сۡȴû룬ȻǶٵͽܡ
ͽ׼ʮģǿɱȺϸٱ
˵ԪӤʿˣǶͽʿҪܰݻʿΪʦ϶Ǿ֮ˣ
ԭҶСѣ
ǵͰҶɵˡˣңҶᵽˡСѡĵλ̬ȵ㼫ȱ仯Ƥգһµġּ񼫺ƤҶޱ
ܿ죬ҶɾˣֺƤȴҲǰġ
֪ҶСεȾĻʩչһ£Ҳҵȿ۽簡
ߣʵǸߣ
ЦеɵҶɲĴָ
һֶֻ֪ΣҶɼΪ
һʿֶΣֶΣضζĳݻܹĦһ˵ľһ׷Ļʿ˵Ҳǻѵˣ
ԺݣȥһԪӤʿû׼ֻӮһδǿ֡ں־Զ˵ֺôȻԹģ
𿴺ڸڹϵòƺܺã˵׼ʮģҾͻᷴĿɳǰ֪ԷʿľɾǷδȻˣ

һпܴĺôкܶܶ࣬òҶģǹŮδ֪
ѹ׼ԭԤϵ
аţҶɴӴóһССľܡ
ЩԾ
Ծģǿжôϡ档ǣ̫ѰѰţͲмȥо
ߵľƷ·ߡһʿӦŶˣôܳΪٵͽܣ
ǳԾʱ򣬾ҶɵЦ˵ƽ̣ЩءҪʶҵʶչ
һ㶣ϲ327.
327.
Ǽ亱
飬쳣Գֱǣ
Ҳѹ˼Ҷɵĳ֣νһʱ갡ּ亱Ϳȥ̽Ǹˣ
żҶҲԹŮƣͶء
һ뷨
ٰ٣档Ȼ֪Ǹʶ磬˳Լһȥ̽ҲʧΪһֺܺõķ
ȱǣϹżջ£ѣҲ϶ǡ
ڡ
ͬǼٰ٣档ʽѯߵĽչ֮ǰ¡Լյͽܣ
һ飬ɾͶ˳ҪȻȻķչȥˡһķȣڱҪҶɰæ
кôʤҶɵĴܿʶŮ˻ᣬթ֮
̰ͼǼǣ˳թǾͲϺˡԽǾΪѣԽǽüͷӦԽƴթԽɡ
ȻֽƽϵּۻۿʼˣʿһʱšǿЭ顣
ŵѣҶСѣһҿ˱ǮǺЦϣܹջ࣡
ƽ̷ģЩװ׸ġζ΢΢ЦҸұ֤һջľϲ
ɲ𣿵ȷ⾪ϲ
Ҷɰ͵֣Ѿڲ룬ԼŮԼΪЭʵΪӵĺڳϣܲҡ⡰ʱ׻εİûڣεľɥڣΪܴòߺȻ˵뿪Ȫ·ˡ

Ƕ̶̵һͨȴ߹Ŀռ䡣ĿռҸУúڵλϣ̾ѡ
Ȼֶΰ
Уż֮飬ԽŨҡ
ŮȻܺãΪǰļƻǳ˳ҲΪҶǰı֣ǳ⡣
ССĿܣʶ쵽֮⣬ǹŮʱڸҶɵ񼶷ǣΪֻɢļ䣬ŮڵķͲ
ҲΪʲôŮҪ¡ƳԪӤӵԭΪԪӤӵġԣȻȱݣҲΪֻΪ͵Եʣȱݡȥ롣
ùŮܳԾǣҶɾȻͿŶӲֲ˺ܶȱݡⲻ쳣ˣҲùŮԴһƬ磬Ĵ
ǣλϲ֮ʵʱ򣬹ŮҲĻӦǵȻǸߵȼ˵ֶΣЩҫļһҲûⱾ£,
ǰǰ
λһߵͷϸţһֹΪ˭ܹöֶεĸߵͣ
Ҷȴȫ֪ͬŮʵݣ
ߵȼֶҿɵúúÿ
ţҶҲĥࡣȻѾһƬȴûÿȥԶ̽
ץʱ䣡ŮͺһҪоֶΣеǻᣡ
λ϶ЦЦȴΪȻŵԪӤʿҪֶΣҲǾ޿ܡ٣Ҳ̫Ц˵㡣
ǣܿ죬Ǿסˡ
Ҷָſܣǰ̽ʱһΪҲϱǣҲգ۵ĹȻﵽ˻߽ף
ѵǿˣλϾȵ۾
԰ôȥɨĵȷȷǻ߽װ
ŵѣ绹Ź֣һλĳ˵ͽܣȻǻ߽ף£粻ܹǵʶӰĳЩЧã
ŮڿǡۡˣͷˣȻû
ҲʡʩչֶΣ
ŮЦţһ˵˵û޿϶ܹŹ֣
ͺΪ֤Ů˵ĻƵã֮ʱҶɵһη˾
Сģֻˣ
㣿½ذ
ûλüɣһļµĳ֣ǽߣ
Ǵ㣡
λ̾ʹ߶Ƚסʶ޷ʹõ£ţΪϲߡ
ǣŮȴܡçײĿʼˣڶˣøԪӤһ·
ѾʶҶɵ׼ȷжϣλȻҶ˿ˣǸϽȥ**ķΧһһҵģҶɸм䡣
䣡
һײγɵľ޴籩λϵķѡλϾע֮£Ů˲ҵ
ǵİɣô
Ͽ˳ȥ
˻ߵĴһλϿøҶɣ·˻ȥ
ǣѾ̫̫328.飡
328.飡
Ʊڻءл
===================================
һ˽ľ벻㳤Ҳǧģλϵͣһ˲ܴҶɷȥ
ǣ·⣡
һĴ֣ʱ֮ͨǳնϢĳ֣˭ܽͨ
λϾˣٱɱĿҸⳤ潻棿
λϴҴʹͷűĵطӴܶȥԹ˲ϾǣûһҶɡֻҶһˣǰй㴥֡
籾Ӱ
Ůٳٲ֣ҪԼ㡣ʲôսȫ
ҶţȴʮǹŮڿԼ
Ҫһֻֻлн׵Ĵ㶼㲻ŮҲͲмڸԼˡ
ԶԶģλĳϣѾ޸ϡɢĽ֣Ѿ޷⡣
ʹʶͻоõʵӦôȥΣ֣Ҷɲҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ȼûʶʿͺһߣ˫Ȼʧϣ˫ۺȻʧʺεǿҲٷӳȫʵ
ԭλϾΪʵ𣬶еˡȻٺıɱȻ˶ѾƼֻлн׶ѣȴѡܡ
һУԴʶȱʧʶ׼ȷжϣʿսͻ룡
ʱ˿̣ҶҲòֱһսս
ڸոѧģǲȱȫĿ˲Ϣս֮Уɲʲôó
֣
ĻʱȫܷӦҶɸŲѸٽǳָɡȻ󣬷־Ѹʩչϵһֱǳֶȥһȴһյشȥ
һֽУ
ֱֶȥķ˿գɴյصһϵȴĿ꣡
ⲻܣ
ţ֣ǵصĺ˹
ʶƲ۸ϣΨмƾо
ֹֽͬʱһʱ䣬Ҷɾͳżպ˹ȥͿ׵âĴҫмĳ֣ҶɵԤжϣ˸š
ǣȴһ֣ϢĴ˹
ҶɷӦ죬һķԵһ£ֻһҶɿ¾ҪȥˡƴʧһƷҶƺһ˳Ƴ߿ȥ
ò󷨣򣬸ס
Ψиߵȼķ󷨣ܻĹơҪǲֵĹͣһ£Ͳвʱ䣡,
ǣ˳ŸղһĵķҶɽ׹ֱ˲ƶɸ߿ա
ڸոճϸ߿յһɲǣҶɺȻ׹Լˡ
߿֮УһĿӣȻԼţ
ı壡
Ҷɾ;óǵĺ⣬ϯȫ
ͷܣȻˡѪҺһӣڷڣ
ֱǰ
޻εģһֱȭƿֺ˹ȥ

һȭӰͷҶе·ȫ
˭
ҶЦٶȵһζ£ӦǲȺĻĸȭȴķֳȺ
ף־ȵգգۡ
ָоʶ
Ҷȴ˼ʱ䣬ȻղԼͨӰֵֹ򣬵ǣΪ޷ʶ֪̽Щ֮ȭľ幥λԣ޷ԵķҶɣԾˡ
ΨһĻᣡ
ֻҪԼù죬ϵĲͲʧҲΨʱԼܻһ˿ʤĻᣡ
ٴγȭ
һΣȴǿԸֱȭˣһ׹۶ɵĿֲȭӰ
ÿһȭӰ֮УŲͬ⾳ȥƺܿݱĲͬʱڣ
ɫ䣡
ǰĹŹֻûĹСӺ
ԣһ˲䱬ֻ߹һȳ磬ֱһֲȭӰͳͳ棡
Ҷɵģȥ
ĻǵĹȻͱˣ
Ҷɱţʩչַȥһ׹֮ȭҲ϶ΪϵĲ޷׼ȷжϳӦԷȴû룬һֵȷ磬ȻͰЩȭӰһԵ˽ȥ
ķܻԵķЧֻн׶ѣôôķסһι
ȵͷ㣬ҶɵʶлҶһƬѩ
Ҳȷȱ㣬Ҿֻɥ˵أ
飬üޣ
329.
329.
ѹ׵һٴԺ

һ˿޷Խգֱȳ֮С
ûκηӦ
ϵ
ӰݵĴҶڿն𡣵ǣӰԾȳ֮Уͬһûܼ𡭡
ʧЧ
ȴҲǸɵűĹҲͬŭΣԴԴϵҶɵ塣
Ҷеһ󷨣Ҷɷֵ๥Ҷɿͱĳһ࣡
Ѿ̫ŹˣҶüͷת÷ɿ죬ӰûãѲɣҵóȥⲫս
ֻԳϷ֮ɸոչ꣬Ҷȴ˫һμ磬ವľͳȳ֮У
ȴɫ䣬Ͻˣ
ţ
ײģҵֵ֮ڡ
Ҳ̫Ź֣ʶޣӷҶλεģ˹
ѷ֮ˣϲԶԶԽǾʿԽˡ
ͺñҶɸФʱľ룬Ҳң˵ΪʮҲһɡ
ıʲô˵ˣǽ۳Զӹȥ۵ķʽͬеı仯֣ݻ;죬Чͬķ
ڣѾԡŹֵȳ磬ܹκ⣡
еԵɣȻҶһʱܲġǣҲף϶ĳáң׵ǣãܹԸƾȥȴܻʿ̲صķ
ΨнⲫܷΪʤ
ĹؼҶաҪʤֻһ⡪
ָٺ˵£ξ׼ȷķλ
ƾǿʶҶɵȻ֡ǣŹֵ磬ȴԽʶɵøɸɾ
Ҫֵ֪ΪȻҶɲϾҲǻн׵ޣֻ۾ȥ׽ж켣ֱǳ룡
ֻܲ
ղţҶȫǱ򣬸ûʱ䲼󷨡ڣѾһȨ
󷨣Ӵݡ
һѸܲ¡ַҪܡ
ܣҶߵղŴҲǴͦˬ𣿲µ㶫ܵ
һǵĺɫҶɼ˳ͬ޷ͻʼջֵȳ磬ǣȴٿ쳤ﳤһƬռ䣬ŷм䡣
ִıͻƣ͵ûٵĶӦ֡ȻͻΧʱ䣬һգ۵ʱ䶼òǣֻôһʱ䣬ȴ㹻Ҷ˲ƹȥסȥ·,
Ի߽Ϊ۸нףҶɴ磬ֻյʱ䣬ܳ׽ָʰҲʱ򣬹Ůˡ
ˣߣ
ߣҶɲʵôǻн׵ĻްõϡŶˣȥˣЩС⡣㲻ҪҿҪ
ۿĻ޲ϻ𣿡Ůûĵͺȵ͸Ͽߣ
һ仰ŮҲҶɣٳ½ǷɿٶȣͺֻҪٶͣһʱ̣ԼҲٲƵá
ɣѵֻٴα
ֻһգ۵ĹҶҲѸٸȥ
磬ǰŮֲ¡ʲôգȻ֪ȻҶʲôûҲǣҶɻѡŹŮ
Ҷɸո𲽵һɲǣַֽ
ǵİɣȣѵ⸽ޣ
ǰųȥľܣ֮ܵ⡣ͨЩľܣҶɾãԲ֮ڣӦû޴ڡ
ʵλߵĺڳϣӵʮ֮⣬ű޸ϵġ룬ҲһӦеطΧ
ǣֵֽУ⸽ʲôļһ򣬾ʮ֮ĻĺȣҲûܼʱϹ
ùŮĵģǸʲô
һٶȣ׷ϹŮҶһ߳󿴡߿֮ϣǸֽеϹ֣ûκιŹֵĶ֡
һҶ׷˹Ů
ˣϽݣŮͺһ
ǵİɣôң
ҶɳԾʱ򣬾ͿŮವһӣһͷ˴ءҶεҡҡͷҲһԴݵͷڹŮѸ˴֮С
330.ǰ·
330.ǰ·
ǰ棬ŮѾͣҶ׷ȥѯʣŮʲô
紦ΣգʸԼûס
û˭
ֻƮƮһ仰Ҷһû˳
ʲôҶƵ˵ȻҪݵܣҲ̫Ǳ˵ɡ
б£ԼȥߣŮû˵ڵϣͼ˶棬οǣ
ôţôַ籩ҶɺȻʵ
ͼ˶棡ôͻȻ
ص㡣ѾϿҶɵĹŮ˵ǰ㶼ˣһʶãޣӷص㣬ڵķ籩
ޣֻҪΣգͿٻַ籩ɱޣΣ
Ҷˡ
ƣȫǲʿ·ŮԼҪȥƻ˵ĺ棬ԼҶʣˡ
ڵص´һʱŮϵ˵档
ʵڵص´вŸȫһ벻Ȼ˸ʲô˽ٴֲķ籩ǿɾ鷳ˡ
鷳ǣΪʶɣڵصж۾ȫ˰衣ľܣЧҲۿۡ
ػص棬ùŮ˵Ҷɾ֪ọֻ́ܿˡ
Ҫ߶ԶҶʵ
ûб仯Ӧǧ
ǧ࡭
Ҷ̲סͷ˷ۡ
ôľ룬ߵٿ죬ҲϺüʮ갡;л֪ʲô⣬˵Ҫһ߰Ĵ㣿
ûԵСӣŮĽѵȥ̫˳ˣһˣ͵ĥһĥӣ
ûʱ䲻ˣ
ʱвԼҪٵʱ䣬֮ʲôϹżİȫȣͲֵһᣡ
ȻҶҲ͸¶飬ü˵㲻˵·һ߶Ҫһ߰꣬ߵżĺöͱ˸ˣ
ᡣŮҡҡͷƣ
ǰƣ
ŮûжͣҶҲͲ׷ʡֻӣĸڹŮ棬Сߡ
ʵ㣬Ҳȫûкô
ȣ⴦֮Ũ֮ҪɡߣȫԱ߱ǵᵢΪӿΪٶȡ
Σ˳ʱߣܲĲ˵̸ֲܲ漰֡һ̸ɣټϹŮİҶɶ֮⣬ȹȥҲࡣ,
ĺôȴҶûԤϵġ
ʶãʶʱһ˶òһˡ
ҶòŮѯʱŮǺ˽Ľ͵ããڶࡣһ壬嶼ĸ
ʿ׷ֻ׷֮ܶʿǣٽһͻֻ֣ᷢ㹻ǿܸõ
ᣬŬСӵɡص磬ͻ֣ᷢ㱾ͦǿʵķԾ
Ҷصĵ˵ͷνһϯʤʮ顣ʵϹָ㣬ɱȰӵ֮ʯҪǿ౶
ҲֺôҶɲӣŮСڱǱߣţˣҲԼһѩˣԼĵ顭
һ·Ͼƽ˾Ĺȥÿһޣֲܱ֮ľǰ֡ọ́Ҳûκηա
ǣŮȴʼձ־衣һ֮ҶҲף˾ģʲô
һֻСӣȻڰɽг֡Ůɫ䣬Ҷɵͺһܣ˾ವһӣʱ߹·ٺˡ
ҶҲ˿ֻ֪޺Сӣ϶ǼΣյĴڣ
˳ӹȥƷҶҲ׷Ůȥ
ǣǱߵСӣٶȸ죡
ƣֱͺһȫûӰ쵽ıϮٶȡϢֻ֮Сĳӣ׷˾˲֮Զ
ʱŮҲˡ
΢͵ģȴǺĹȣԴԴϵĳСӷȥ
ҶɻʱϸȥĻͻ֣ᷢЩ΢Сþָֻ׸ǰСعȣȻҲֳֵǹꪣ¹׳
⾹һ֧Ӵı331.溣
331.溣
ҶɲûлͷȥΪŮ̫ܵ죬һ񣬾Ҳˣ֪ŮղһʲôֱһʮأŮص䵽ϣҶŷ֣Ůɷףͺܵ쳣صˡ
Լں棬ûԼûˣǰĹŮشҶɺܿʶͳǱġһ
Ůղõʲô
һѨ
òĲһشȴҶɰ˵
ŮıΣʮѨ
ȻͨټһǰɹɱʿŮڻΡǣŮĻȴʮѨ
һѨ͸Աʮ֮һࡣǳӵʲôͣȻܱƵл۷ΪĹŮʮ֮һ壿
ǷƣȴûҪˣؼֻӣ
һֻӣҺð죬鷳ǳ溣룬ҪǱһȺڵĳΧסֶܼãŮɫ԰׵ϥ£ԴϢĽš
Ϊʲôľûȷ֣Ҷɲʵ
ǰĳӺֵ֡ǣΪʲôȺ޲ҪľͿһֻӣǾƿȥˣŮҲͲ
㵱Ҳ㷢𣿡ŮҶɵ˼û˵ҽĿ˵ǲȱȫġȫҲ޷ֳӡʶ룬Ͼ޷ȱݰ
Ҷһ
ǽô죿ҶʵӶϲѣ·²˰ɡ
ǲˣƵ
Ի֮䣬ŮĲ԰ɫ΢һ㡣ԴϢ£վ
㲻ǴָߣҶɹĵһ䡣
Ҫгҹ󣡡Ů޿κεĹ
ɣޣǶȦķΧ𣿡Ҷɲʵ
ǹŮ׿˵ģȱļʱ޶Ȧڹ̶ĵ޿̵ܸ޷ͻһܳʮأӦóȦΧӦûҹŶ԰
Ů̾˿˵ֳ⡣
ӭҶɲĿ⣬ŮѸٲһ䣺ԭҲ֪
ҶɲɹŮǣǾһ˵ĹŹֻ֡ǣһʱȴ֪ôŮ˵
˸Ȧӣ߳أҶ֯˼·ʵЩذ᲻Լµս
սŻж˵⴦żʱʶԼܻȱܻ޷ָ֮ԣһʽսңԶδԼܹͨһصս׻ָ״̬,
ҶʣҲѯż״˼Ȼһ·Ů˽ָԼܶܶࡣǣǴżľŮȴֲֻᡣ
ʵϣǰ·ϣ׻ʲôӵΣա溣Ůѹû͸¶һ֣
ҶɵǶԹŮеÿ˶Լ˵ܣ⡣֮Ի̽һ䣬Ҳǽᣬòһ£ʵûڴʲôû롭
Ҳɣ˵ŮȻ쳣ã
Ǽȱһʱ䣬Ҷûٶ롣ȴûϵԼһ⣬δȻһ벻Ĵ𰸡𰸵棬ҶɣǹŮĿԶԣĵ븴ӣ
Ҷ֮ûٶ룬Ϊ֪Ĵ֮⣬Ϊܿ췢һֻƳӡĴڡ
Ů˵ȱݣĿӵĴڡǣͨΧļ䡢ܹҵЩ˿
ȻЩ˿˵ǰгӡǣڹŮһٶѨֻһαԶĵطжȥ
һΣΣΣĴΡ
βòʱʮģҲеסˡ
ȥǾҪתһȦˡѲɣе·ߣȫӸŮƵֹ
ܲðգҶȰԼΰɣҲܿҵͨ·
ԸõģȴǲпġһȦ֮ҶüʵŮٺúһ£᲻ỹ·
չŮǰ˵ͨһ󣬽뵽ĵڶ㡣ʱŮǣû˵νġڶ㡱ʲô˼Ҷɲòúһ£Ǹڶǲǿȥˡ
磬룡
ֻϧŮĴ𰸣ˡ
ǱӲ溣ˣ
332.Ůã
332.Ůã
Ӳ溣ҶüͷøŮ㲻ڿЦɡĻڳӣʲôȥ壿
ǳӵٶȣҶ̡˾˲Ƶٿ죬ҲӲ嵽Ǵͷ
û뵽Ůȴɫƽ˵һ仰Գ溣
˵ţŮһģһѸչ
ҶɣԼҸطɡҪȻָĹѨȻ㹻Ļޣ
ŮĻҶϰ춼û£졣
㹻Ļޣ
ڿЦ
϶ڿЦ
ɵĹⶼԺɨһٱ鰡һǧ飬ǲ˵ˣ
ѾΪѨĹŮмЦǻޣϡ𣿶꣬꣬ǾͿӲ溣
ǿţҶҲö˵ʲô
ðɣϹˣţ档ҲٵǱˣҾʹúѧϰϡ
ŮûзԣͺͲʲô˲õƵá
˲ʱ䣬һ޴ʮѨӿʱҶ׹
ûʶĻޣⲻӰʵı𣿡
ҶҲףԼӰʵȣкܴĲͬ
ԼӰʵ壬ܹάϵʱ䲢֡xvsxսУ𲻵̫á
Ů⻯޴ȴܹöȶĴڡֻ㹻ŮԼǿʶȥٿǣǲ֪ĳ溣Ծ
ҶϸоһޱĻޣԽоԽǾаȻҶɻ׼ȷ˵ְ׸ǣȴǳĸоְȣԼӰʵֱСӹҼҡ̫ɣ
һδεоһģ£һ󣬵֧޴ﵽǧʱҶܹƴڣҲʮ
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ǣڹŮ˵⻹СơرǣҶɺеСʱ̲סҪһưˮ
ʲôúһƣʮǧĲǻ߽ףҵͳͳ۷壡
һưˮҶȴ޶ԡֻǺЦһЦһұ׶ûеģͼͷо
ӣŮеﲻˬˡbsȻЦóƤҲ̫˵ɡ
ǣܿ죬Ů˵ˡ
һ󣬵ʮһӰʵ֣
ȻֻǶһӰʵ壬ǣԹŮ۹⣬ȻóҶڴ˼Ӱʵ壬ٶȱn,
Ȼڶ죬ֳһӰʵ壡
죬ͬʱӰʵ壡
Ȼ죬ÿͬʱӰʵ壡
ٶȣŮҲˡи򣬵̶ֳȣҶɽһһʱ䡣ٶȥò˶೤ʱ䣬СӾܸԼˣ
Ů²ˣҶɵǺǫļ̡
ô໯ޣôݣ
˵ǳǧˣʮӰʵ壬Ҷɾ;òܲѽǵʵȫӳ
ŮǧޣȴûлָΣȫ濪ս˼ԣŮиķţĲǧ
Ϊ챻Ů²ۣҶɻһ䡣
ҰæҲٵ㸺ӦûôСԸؾɡ
ʵ֤²۲һǲһǿŮǾӹͦģҸ䣬û˼
Ҷɼһģһ⣬ѾһѨ˳Ҷɻδ䣬ŹѾɵҶɵǰ
һɵţֵƪͽ⿪Ҷеɻ
Ҷ̲סڽкãķţƺҲڿܲϣŮôң
ҶɵʣŮסˡ
ȷһķţǿʵ֮ϣͬСľϣûбʲΪʲôǰҾʹûпǵأ
Ů֪ôشֻԳĬԡҶɼûлΪǰŮ˽ˣҲûн׷ʡȴ֪ĬеĹŮѾתоԼǲȱļˡ
ԽоŮԽã
һΣŮ֣Լеţʵкܶ඼йġǣȻԼѾŬЩϵһȴһεǿнЩϵѿԼŬû취Щŷڻͨ
ڣҶɸոָš
ʶ
Ҷɵ£ԼѾɰյ֮ϵǣԼҪĽߺ϶ΪһʱȴΪ
ЩЩʲô
ģŮϹżӵʵģоԼʣõĽ
333.VS溣
333.vs溣
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ǰĹʮǰһģһһµĹ޶ûͻȻָΣѵַʲô飿
ֻŮˮûлشҶɵ⡣ԭǧޣһˡһʱ䣬ɱ죬ǣ
ȲҪ֣ҵ
ŮԸţһһӶӻޣģǰɱȥ
ҶҲǼˣǰƬӡĹһȺȺۿͷĻޣս˺üꡣǣǰľȣֳѰСһ㣬㲻ʲô
ΪΪɱ
ϽǧޣҶһɱĻޡǣɱ˵Ǽɱͨͨһ˲Ҳδγǰ׳ۡ
ʵʻĳɱ
ǧ޸ոճʱɱֻǱȽŨҶѡҶ̾ţûо̫Ծ
ǲϵͻɱԽԽǿ޷ʹʶֻ̽ƾԶҶҲѪӿԼѾ˲ķţ£Ҫ̲סĳȥǧ޲ɱ
ǧͦƬƳ溣ڵʱŨصɱȫʵʻ
ǧ۷ʵʻɱ˭ܵ£ͽˣҲҪ˱ɣοЩֻл񾳽ĳӡҶɰֹš
ǣܿ죬Ŀ鷢ˡ
ӭײʵʻɱѪ͸ʵʻɱ޶¡
ɣѵЩӣҲʵʻɱ
Ҷɾò̫ܵʱߵĺƳײһ
˺ѷεۣ
ȻֻԶ֮⣬ƾȥҶҲ쵽˺ѷεۣ
ɱĶײȻӰ쵽֮Լ
ٿǱߵɽѣѾ޷Ǳߵǿռѿֺ££ѿƺһ磬ʱпܳױ
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ֻɱĶײ͸˾춯صЧҪǹ溣ʽսֻһĲ״
սݲðġҶɶ˶ȫעĶ֮ս֣ʱ׼Ͷ뵽ⳡս֮ȥ,
ҶûϵǣɱĶײˡ罫Ҫ׳۾󡣵ײ溣һȴȻü䰲
޷Ĺ죬Ҷɵɴ۾
ǧ޵뻮һӰһߵĹȻûзһ˿
ЩӰʰ쵵䣬Ǳսµļҡ
ǣҶεľ۾
˺һӣҶ׹
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ÿΪһ㣬Լʶ֮ܣͻһءΪĲȥĶ𽥿ˡȥҲ
ǣʶܻиΧ
ʵڵĶԼܿķΧԼͻӶ
ʵڵԼķΧԼͻţ
ڵԼǳţ
ôֲҲûоս
Ҷɶɣǲǿʱˡ
Ȼ֮ʯȷ˵ӻ񣬵ˣ߷Ϊġ֮һ̵ֻĳ򣬲пܳɹ
ǣʱ˿̣ҶȴĻɣ֮ʯ˵ˡ
ҵʶ֮ܣĸʿԳԽҶǲ˼Ľֻʲô
ﾭ棬Ҷɵʶ֮ܣѾηԾһϿĹŮҲ޹Ҷɵʶ֮ܡʱŮȷ˵Ҷɽ֮ʶ֮ܣҲκˡ
Ҷɵʶ֮ܣǻļޣԻļޣ޷߶񶷵ζʲô
ͺҶƵãŮ˵ңǱߵĳӣʵһֻ֮ҲϸᣬҲҲܸо֮
ЩӣҲо֮ȵҶɣ۾ɵøˡ
ĳӣȫһֻ̻֮ô𣿸Ͻܣ
û˵ŮǺЦЦܸ֮оֻ֮Ϊĸ桭Ŷƣˣ
һֻ˶ĴӣĴӳ溣֮𡭡
334.ŮVS
334.Ůvs

ֻ˶ĸʽĳνŮĸ棬е͵ζ
Ҳѹ֣Ҫķ˶ĴӣŮҲָǧޣһƬ溣ˡ
ڣȴֻģ
ЩСӣȫ㣡
ŮĿֻһֻӼҪӴĳ
ȻһѾ¶棬Ҫȫ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ岻ùȥҪȫһˣɹֻҲ϶˻뿪
ʮԳôڵӰʵ壬ʮܳôڵӰʵ壬һ˲˹ȥ
һ˵Ӱʵ壬ûŮǧֱӸ溣һ𣬶ǷɢڹĿռγһӴ󷨡
ֻһ֮УīɫӴīɫĳӣʹĹֽһȻѸԶĵطȴ
׶֮
Ҷǿ֮Уôûж
һֱҶɶԡôȤϾһ󣬲вκλʿڣʮԳôڵӰʵ壬ͿԹ
ңҲǵ׶֮
Ũܵƣһ˵Ӱʵܱ߾ۼʱ׹⣬֯µ׵
Щ㿪īɫĳǣܿ׵罻֮֯СǿԷ֮ܣȴҲҽСֻһĽΡȻǾʿһһͷһɷķ
ȻųǿѹӦȫעǣŮȴǱҶɵıָˡ
ΪĶ˿а֮ܵ׵磬Ӧˮݣ޷档ǣҶȴĽںһ
û뵽һ⣬һ̨סķѵʱ̫㲻ãṳ̂ż֮ܽ
Ůг˸пȸȻãӿǰٶȡ
Ҫ֪ڹŮȱļż֮УܹԼ׻ָҪҶɺܿͽ֮ôԼ
ʱĹŮ֪ʵѾһͨĿӻʿɶˡͼġҲΪ
ŮΪͨģǻʿФҶõϢҲ֤롣ʱ֪Ҷûн֮ԼִżʱҪһͼȥ
ҶɵͻȻָúЩǵĹŮóͷǳˡָ£ǧޣͺһƴ߳塣,
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սֿƺҶȴüͷ
ǧޣҲѾ˿ǧ
ѰսˣҲ󡣷ЩޣʵҲûǵĹܡǳɱɣԶٻЩʱ䣬ɳˡ
磬ȴ̫⡣սܣ˿ӶӲ
ŮϧǮʹǧޣҶɾͲɵüͷҪһ¡
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ǣҶҪѵʱ򣬺Ȼͷ۾һ
ȥʱŮѸ潻棡
ĵĹŮվ˶ĳǰԵôǣȻǳҲ˿
࣡ﲻĵط
һο˵еĥǴ̶ҶһĲ
Ȼ
ղų¾ޣǽϵǷϵʿسʿʩչЧۿۡ
ѵǽϵϵ˫ϵ棿Ҷɰ˾衣
ԼսЩӣϵУɾûзϵġȻˣǵٶȾѾǳˣѰ۷ʿ˲ٶȣҪϼ֡
ǳٶȣȻЩø졣ǽ𡢷˫ϵôһʩչ»֮ڣû˭ܹٶȣ
ĥһֹҲһв֮Ҷɣұĥܲǳ󲻹ǧĹŮܵĹ֪
ǣȴȻЦĴ󣬾ǰ
һģʮѨѸչ˲ͽǳ˹룡
335.ҶVS溣ϣ
335.Ҷvs溣ϣ
ڳʮѨסͬʱЩεĳӣҲÿʼжˡ
ղŻǴȫ״̬ǣȻͽҶɵ󷨣̳ǧٿף
ҶٿȻľѹ֣ŮԸһѨҲҪǳӵԶԶġԭӿԽһֻϣ
һǰȦӵѰҳ溣ȱڵʱҶɾʹŮΪʲôҪƴһѨԸһֻûͬĳӡҪ֪һֻӵĻ˵Ѩ˶òܡ
ʱŮֻǻش𣬲ȱļһֻӣҲпܱ쳣ֻǣԭ򣬹ŮҲ˵
ڣҶŪˣ
ӣԽеһֻϣ
ڵĳӣڵһǵ桪
һ
֮
֮
ʧȥ˳֧֣ӵ֮еޣҲҶܹ˳Ǹסԭǻչֳһֻ֮Ҷɵ󷨾ôҲܽǸס
֮ԵҲʿ˺ܶࡣοЩ֮ˣܽеһֻϡ
ܹеֻ
ȻˣļУҲԽҶɵ󷨣ǧٿף
˺ĻڳӣȫֻǻͽףǽȫһȻҲҶֵܵοЩڵĳӣкö඼ǻ۷壡
͵λĲֵʮӰʵ壬ش
Ӿۼȫһֻϣֻݣ󷨵ĺĲλȥ
ֻӴǻʮӰʵΧ󷨡ȻƲģʮӰʵ壬˲Ƭ
ҶɷӦ죬Ʋ̾ͲΧʮӰʵ壬һʩչϵ
Ӱ
ʮӰÿһȵֶսʱӰ
һϿ֪һҶɵ˶٣
ֻǷΪܼ֮ǿӰֻжķԾԸ򣬲׳٣
ŮܷĹעһߵս϶Ҫ̾һˡ
˼ĳӣʮӰǰǵĹȻôĲ԰ոս󷨻ǧٿ׵ǣ˲ܵҶķˣ
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~~~~
ϵĵѾжֻȱ첲ȣҲҵɢӴܡ
˴ʤҶɵı飬ȴøءͺռϷĲԼǶЩӡ,
Ϊ
ʮӰǿȴֲ֧̫áҶʮӰʧ֮󣬶ʱڣԼҲܼӰ
溣ããƾʱܶݵʮӰܰɱɾ
ʵϣЩϸ첲ȵĻӣмأ
󲿷شĳӣֻʱԵΪֻҪµʱ䣬ǾֿͶս
Σ
ǳʮӰδʧϽ֮󼪡ǣʹɱĳ溣ӲʮѨ֮⣿
Ҷ˼ʱ䲢ࡣ
ߣ

ս⣬Ҷɵȼաһ˲ƣãã溣ʮѨм䣡
ʮѨεӴȻΪ˼ɱҲǷԲǧ
ãã溣ΪӴΪ˵ֿʮӰλȽܼȴҲͬųǧ
Ҷɽһˣܹãã溣ʮѨм䣿
ǣ޻
Ӱ֮ԼϡҶͳԹ飬ֻǣһֱûжùѹ׵ľ
񼶷ΪûӰ񣬲ң߱ܡ
ڣΣԼϡζţҶɵҪǧľ޴
ԭǣҶɿ϶ᱻűˡˣΪһ塭
˱֮ʯҲû˭֪ҶɵǣȻܹ򱶾޻
ң޻ܹ⽫޻壬ָɸȵģһģһҶɣÿһҶɣӵиӰһģһ
ǣѲǴʱ䲢̫ӰˣȫʵĴڣ
֮ʯ׻ָ֮Ҷɾ֮ʯо񼶷ֻǣʱѣó
ԣȻֱƵùǱҶȴҲûʩչ
һǰӹŮѧµľϣҶҲܽơ
ҶˣǾԲа취ãԼͬġοͬ飬ԼƳȷ
һһǰԵ
ǹŮ˽ҶҲȷûȷҶɲ϶¹ŮܣҲ
ͺһɵɽ壬޻ҶɣȻ˳溣ʮѨм䣡
336.ҶVS溣У
336.Ҷvs溣У
Ȼ˵֮Խ޴ĴڣԽǣµ˻֮ȻһȻ˭Ծʶ㱣
ҶɺһɽƵãȻһƬʱãã溣ĻӣҲģ
ǣչǻȻһһ·ֻϢʱ䣬Ǿֿʼ˹
һΣǽһֻϡҶŷֻ֣ܳ溣ĳӣȻֻǻнף
ʱĳǣֶָɵĳ״
ޣݣ桪
ʱԸĲ֮ǰǱҶɵסʱǾͱ仯ΣԷʹֵ󷨵ܡ
ָԭʱܸõʩչͺֻ֪ǿϮһͱųΡڣŮʮѨס͸ҪʼάֱˣܷʩչԼı
ڵĳǣȫָԭΡҲԭҶɲŷˣЩէȥһģһĳ֮䣬ʵҲϸ΢Ĳ
վڳ溣ǰˣܲٿų溣ֻӣһֻ
ʹζųǿ𣿡
Ĳ²ԲԣҶɱĿ⣬̾ͽǼֻӣͳͳ
޻ģҶҲûаգܹס溣ĹҪ֪ŮսûиĹ򣬸ͲֳܷʤԼȻѡͱöֵ溣׼

Щĳӣǳ溣ͷǳ溣ߡֻҪȰǸͳͳɱδļ֣Բܸ
֪ôģڳ֮ǰҶһ仰
֮УȡϽ׼
⻹ǴţĽĹģͦơҶ뵽仰ʱӿĲǿƣ˼֮顣
ǶڣӦ͵˷Ƴ˰ɡ
𣿲֪ʲôȰ
ôȥˣﶼ𣿶ĺҲˣ֪ûȢӣС
´Ӧ뵽׵İ취÷Ƴǵͨ˾ټҰǨɡʱߵ̫û뵽⵵顭˵ѷ̫ˣѾͨ˸ǵĲͬ
룬˼֮飬ˮһӿ֪УҶɾ˼֮У
ݻ޴ڡҶõԼײģоһ
ֺҶΪҶݺĸҲһ̣ҶɲҵʺԼ,
һֱҶѧӡ
ϵ֮ǰԴϵԴŵʿ졣
ܿ죬ͷ֮ı֮ʯѡС֮ʯָ£ԽԽ죬ԽԽһϵʿ
ǣЩȴҶɴһϵʿһٱ䡭
ȣջż
һ˿֮е⾳Ҷɶԡս֮һ֣ҲΪʲô֮ʱҶܹϿǲķš
ͬһ˿֮ҲƿͨĴšʱҶʩչĸ෨֮Ул޵Ĵݻĺۼ
Ǹĵõ˼
˵˾֮⣬翣׽ô˼ʵʵĳܡţӵ幥С󷨣ʩüƣ亦ˣһУһȫ
ֱڣӰ֮⣬Ҷõóֵķţȫǵ˼
ϵʿǴϵʿҶԼ˵Ƿĳգ֪ҶʵǸϵʿ
Ҷڻþ˽֮İ취
֮ɲʲôľˮ֮һֻ֣Ҫƿһ̶ȣͿݻԼҪ
Ҷɲֻǳžת֮ˣ֮֮ʱɴ廨ţʲôӵˡʱӲϵʿ

ôôջҶɵǿȴҲģҶɵ
˵조⡱Ҷ֮ʱֻΪͽܹһ֣һֵģ˶֮ʱԴռˡôڵҶɣװģѾ֪ɫˡ
ǹŮ֪ҶɣʵܷӳȻڹŮҶڵ;͹ˣǣ֪ʵҶɻܸǿ
337.ҶVS溣£
337.Ҷvs溣£

ҶɴŨŨ˼֮Уᵽһ֮ʱ;ã£͸һ˵̹
ԭҶǴٶϵһͬʱϮЩĳӵġǣоһȫµ֮ȴȻãȣϵٶȣʲô
ոոһ㣬ҶʩٶȻ졣
ƵϢ
ǣҶ΢΢Цʱ⼸Ϣٶȣ̾ɼתΪ죡
⼸ϢƺԽʱյĽޣɲ֮䣬ͳǼֻĻǰ
⼸ϢȻǼֻǰʱԭСȻ仯ûɵľͱһɹɰ֮
䣡
ȫֲĺ˲ͽʮֻӸƬ
ֻۼ˳溣ĳҲ⣡
ǳӣŸոտʼЩǧ֮Ǹ޴󡰹ʱ򣬾ѾԤϵһ
ʱӴĳ溣֮Ϊ׸Ϊ޷ʹ˳תЩֻۼ˳溣ȫĳӣǵһķѣ
ǱƬЩӵҪ֪Ҷɺ͹ŮĳΪӡǱϾӵл񼶵
ֻлٵϸɱԪ񣬲ɱǣ
ռϷҶɣȻŹЩӡֻһһصȻһ¶ϸո
飬ܼ
ڽЩӵϸס֮ʱҶܽԼղ򵽵Ķγһķԣ
Ȼ䷨ۡǣϾҶѾȥؼһ
вӵȫڻһ

ǣȴȸղŵĺó溣𾪣
ǾĻӣûзӦϸѾҷϸ֮еԪ񣬸ӰӶҲ
Ҫ֪ãã溣
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Ҷɵľ޻ôˣҲ͵ϮʱöôϾҲֻǻô֮УһӾͽĳӳɱĻͬ飬ҲûüκηӦ
ҶɣҲԼĽһ
ȴٸʵף׷ԭʱҶֻԼãԼһײȻ򵽵֮ʲôر֮ڵرõȵɱЩӣ
һֵҶɣѸپչ˵ڶ
󣬶ĵڶ
ʱĻǣΪģ΢Ӧ˹ǣҶɹĶ󣬲ǿΪߵͣǿʹС
ڶֻ۷ĳӣʮֻȫɢӶûʣ£,
Ҷɷ溣ڶˡ
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սҶ԰
Ҫ֪ǹŮʹǧ۷ڵĹޣãã溣ɱʱӿʼڣûɱôֻӣ
Իɱôף
Ҷһ֣ôף
ʵһзĶ̫̫졣þҶԼҲ಻ѡ
쵽ʲô̶ȣ
ȻҶѾȺ󷢶ιɱ˳ʮֻͽϴĳӡǣǰõʱ䣬۾գһΣ
ҲΪô죬ԣһֱȵڶ֮ЩӲŸոշӦ溣Ÿոտʼ󳷣
һ
ǲΪ˳󣬶ಫˡˮȴĻǣҶȻ̾
Ҳǰһ̣Լոʩչ޻ӰԼʱﻹڵģ֧ܲŵŮɹɱһ̡
ǣҲ͹һգ۶ʱ䣬ͳ˷츲صı仯
֮̾࣬ҶȻȻģֳ㾫оһ¸ղȫΪԼ߶һ䣬˶ǵ˼ԲŻᴥԼĸ
ʲôӵ򣬾Ȼɱ䣿
ǣҶΪֻȥĳ溣ʱʲôжʱ򣬳溣ȴȻˡ
һĳӣɢŸԶĵط˲ƶȥ
һĳӣڵģһǰ
ǵĿ꣬ԾɽһߴҶɣ
Ƿ𣿡Ҷɾȵĵɴ˫ۡ
ܿ죬ʶЩ߳ĳǣЩɢȥѾ˲ƣʧӰٵĳǣʵûз衣
ǿ϶뵽ʲôõĶԲߣ
ٱ䣬ɲҶɷֳȥ˼ײˡЩηĳ溣ڽ޴ѿ
ֻǧٸҶųһߣһɫɫأĿ䣬溣ĳ
338.ķߣ
338.ķߣ
ȻԼջʲôǣҶȴʮ֮ȡϽ׼ԣҪֵˮӿǧȴܡ
Ѫսɱ⣡
Ҷǣ࣬ǣΪﵽ۷ȴ֮٣ԼԵǿѹ
Ҷɲǣ̫࣬ǲǣϵҶɳɱҶɸûκδϢʱ䣡
ǵǸӡսޣҶҲƾ֮İϢʱ䡣ǣ溣Ҷȴһգ۵ĴϢʱ䶼ûУ
ͬ󷨣
ûоۼķţȻû⣬ڣҶɶܹһ󷨣ֵһγ溣ļȻȻòֱ溣
ȻֵֻܵһΣΪʲôҪ˷ʱ䣬һ󷨣
οԼѾûʮӰʵ壬㲼һ󷨣ֵܹһγ溣
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ӴҶÿһѿӿ
Ȼ溣Ѿͦ˲ǧ֮أȴż
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ʱЩȫأȫĳ溣һ̾ͳԼǰ
𰸣һ˲֮
ǰеĻǣȫӰԶȥһԪ⣬һֻֻ͵΢Сӣڲֻˡ
ЩǳǵԪӤ
ϧˡҶɰ̾һ
Ȼһ֮ǧֻӣǣһֻӶûɱԲһػսἫԻ͡ǣԳˮ㲹ĳ溣ҶȴòĿǧԪӤ֮⣬Զݶȥ
Ҷ֪һ֮Զݵĳӣֻ¼뵽溣֮УҲѡֻӦһ³Ļӡ
âһ貵ĺãã溣ƻֺĳ˹ȥ
Ҳʾһ߼ǿķһ߷ֽ֮ԸѸ͵ٶȣҶһ߷ɱ
ǳǵսԣǲԸҶԶҪӴҶɳûڳ溣֮У
ҶҲѡ
ɱ
һ߷ȫâɵķİΧ޴ģػƵͺǴﳤһġ
ҫ۵Ĺ⻪ͺԽռľ룬һӾͳ˳溣ǰСûǰеЩֻӷӦЩҫ۵Ĺ⻪ʹ̴ǵķ,
ֻһ˲䣬һȺͽ׵ĳ٣ǲòղЩһԪӤԶݣٵǱޡ
ս磬Ѿ԰㵱ħӰħµķɽҲûս
ǣҶɵɫȴԽԽء
Ϊ溣ƽ
һûãã溣֮УԼܹԱȫʮѨȴʧȥϡֻҪЩٴξۼҺʮѨ󣬹Ůܣͻ᲻ɱ⣡
Լķߣ
óӳ嵽ǰ
֮ϣâһȦȦͨȴĹâǧ֮Ŀռ䣬ͳͳ溣嵽һȦ֮ʱȻǱȥ˻һȫӿе
ƣ
-޴ս֮Уصƣֵǧ޹
ڣҶ֮ͨоҲƿʴ֮ϣֻҪԼʩչ˵Ӱܼ֮Щơ
һƷߣûǴֲǣҶȴֻ֪ǳ˴ȴʤ֮С
ڳǲŸոտʼĥôӦʱҶɵķͷֳɶӣ׷һ֮С
ƾƹȦ¼ʹ
-޴ս֮У黯֮ʱҲǣȴƽ⡣
ڣͳ溣ԶԶʤǲԪӤĻޣķã
Ҷɺܿ͸˴𰸡
֮
֮ǰҶɸ֮ʯһо֮о˸ӰԼϿʴ¸ʽʱҶɾ֣󷨷棬Զ˼󷨡
ʱҶɾĥν󷨣뵽СǣаҶŬ䷨
ĥȴҶشͻơ
ǰΪϵ
ȴΪ֮
Ӱ
ʽƣ
֮ܣˮݵϵаһ
ߺһҶɸڶ溣ԭ
ɱ339.ɱݺᣡ
339.ɱݺᣡ
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ɱĻӣһ꣬꣬Ͷս
ֻǱȫĻӣֻһʱ̵ʱ䣬ٴλ溣
˵һӲ̣بҶɵͷ
ǰĳ溣ֻԭһ롣Щɢȥĳǣȥʲôˣ
ɱɱӻɢ
ǿɱ⣬ֱӳǰĳ溣֮С
κȻң
ԭһĻӣֻǻͽףһЩнסЩ߽ף۷ĳǣܽƻڳ溣棬ȴѵͻϮʱ䡣
ڣλڳ溣м䲿ֵĻнףȻҲǰ滹һѶѵĻͽ׵ͬ飬͵ؾǰ˹ȥ
мĻн׳ӳ˳ȥĻ߽׳ǾͲĸǰ˼
ⲻΪǿǰܹʶͽ֮״
ǣҲΪ溣ˣԣȻǿǰʶģȴǽŻн׵ĳǣǰȥ
սӿ
ǳȥһξ룬ͻȻ׹ʲôطԾʱȴ޷ͣסŲ
Īӿһ޷Ƶǿս⣬۾ವľͱͨͨ죡
壡
ɱ
һǰ
һ˲䣬ǾɥʧǣҲܳ溣ǰȻһƬԾƴǰ壡
ֻмֻ۷ĳӣ޴˳溣βˡ
Сôˣ
ãͬ鰡
ʲô㲻Ҳ
ȷƽϣ
Сӡ
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սЩ۷塣ֻҪܹնɱǣ溣սͻ
ֻɱͼˣô࣬ͷ۰
ιܼĻӣٲûĿرЩڶǰ˵Ļͽ׳ǣԭͱƸȥȫֱͬȻһײ壬˲ʱķѡ
ûǣӦԪӤԶݡǣԪӤ֮УҲͬսӿ
ֻһЩԪӤһεĳҶɶصķ߳ɱȥͲܣͬ飬ͬ顣
ԪӤѣɢ
ҶԶ֣һĻͽ׳ӾɨҶһ㣬׷䡣,
ԶǼֻ۷ӣĿɿڴ֪롣
ô죿Сǿ¶˶ã
֪ǼһʲôȥҲǰ״
ǣǵüָµʱ䡭ѵϹۣҪǳ֪ˣǶ
ôǳȥˣʲôã
ǣǡȿɣǼһҪɱСӣҲûܳʱ䡣

һδĬ⼸ֻӣۿһɱֻǣĿӵı䣬ɫӵ
ȴ֪ҶɵɫҲͬ
ȻϳɾļһȻϹ
һҵ˵ս⣬ǴϹŻѧġ裬Ҳûһô໯˵ҶƾӰطҲܴﵽЧ
ǣӰҲԡټҶڵΪûͻܹ֮άӰҳ溣ʱ䣬Ҳ̫
ʮ죡
ɱ٣ɱ٣Ǽֻ۷ĳӡֻ취
ţҶҲͲԤֶΡ
һϵڳ溣֮ŰЩұܿͬײĻǣŲ֮أòӲĳһ֮
Щ嵽֮ǰǰĻǣ󷨣ܣ
Ǻɫģīɫģǲ԰ɫġһзëɫâϵĴЩͣǿĻϣһĲҽС
಻ĲҽǼֻԶǧ֮Ļ۷ӣ̲ס˰亹
ûгȥ߽ףҲһ֮
ټϣСǣɥʧǡԭ͹ǿˣԼɥʧǣŲᣬһӶӵϳļɶˣﻹڣ
ڰ亹ͬʱ⼸ֻ۷ӣҲĸЦݡ
ڻȻ͸֧ԲЧǻ۷壬ѧһЩϡŹֵķţɱ𣿺ߣưɣ
Щ۷壬ƴ
340.Σգڣ
340.Σգڣ
Щ۷ĳûпҲûв´
ȷҶʩչط͸֧򣬾ҶͣҲֵܶôĻӡ
ȷҶȻ͸֧ķţ񼶷ţĪ򡣵ǣ͸֧͸֧ǼֵʱٳҲܻпݽߵһ졣
죡
ЩҶɱĻţȴȫ޷ӿսĳǣҲˣҶѸٱ
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ڣЩȦеĳӣȴܴһʱ䣬ŻᱻҶɱ
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ǰֻϵӣпܳЩȦڣϵӣлȥ
ȻȫףΪʲôԼ޷ԼǣЩҲɵġ
֮ʱǱҶɴ˸ֲԼɱģʤܿǾ͵ϵĸɢҵٴͳһȻ֡ͳһ޷ܵĲͣǰ壬ǣɱ֮£ȴ˺ܶࡣ
ڣǾķ֣Ҷɱ˺ܶ࣬һֻֻﻹܰסҴ˷Ľ
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ǼһȻˣȻԣ֮£溣޵У
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ͺ֤⼸ֻӵĲƵãҶɼ޹ּ̾µķЩ״죬ⲻͬķһԵĴȥֻٵ˺öֻӵǡ
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˶ķȻһֻӶûɱĽ֣ƺҶҲЩɥֻټǸΪøӸӵķ
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ҶɣƺҲûӰЩԪӤˣЩԪӤԶݣȴӳһȥɱǵͷƺûˡ
ӵı仯Ӽ˳溣ĳɱ顣˵ĳɱΪ˸ɵֵʿΪ˳ΪԮĴ󹦳
ڳ溣ԣ󲻽ǵĸףΪǿĴڣǿԴǸǿϣ֮ڣ
ֱҶɳշǳ֮󣬷֪󣬾ͬ񼣰Ĵڡлӵȫ衣ȴֱǿö࣬¾չʮѨĹŮҲ֪Լǲܹ㶨
ЩǺˣǰҶһһİռȶķȥ
죬Ȧƣ
ͺ񵱳-޴սУǸñƳȦĻһ溣еļֻǿĻ߽׳ӣȻȦϵʱ򣬹Ȧѣ
ӹȦɢķƺ÷ǳ⡣⼸ֻ߽׵ĳӷӦʱǻЩ㶵ԭվţܿͱǰ̵ĳ溣û
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ԭƽŹֹȦķǴ
ʱҲûһֻ۷ĳӣԸԭزˡԮҫ֣֮
ǸܣϢ֮󣬾ͳ嵽˳溣ǰС
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ϵĺһȦ״ݻ٣
溣ҲԶƵķս⣬ǣ溣ȴӷ
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ȻҶ˵ù죬ǣһķ溣ɣ
ǲ֪ǣڱûķм䣬һرĴڡЩӰΧرĴڣҪ編ƣ̵ʱ򡣺ȻЦ341.һ򾡣
341.һ򾡣
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ѸٱѿǣѿĹȴǸҫһģһ׵â޾ĺڰ
޾ڰ
ҶʩչķͬʱҲǣ˼ڵǿ
ֲָ޾ڰеǿߣ۾ʶԲܿκζԼָͷҲԲܣ
Ҳȫڰ֮дݡ¾ǼżվҲͨͷӶκϢ
Ȼһ֮⡭
ΪʩߣҶΨһӺڰĴڣ
ҶѾ׼˺ܾúܾáԼʩӸӰ֮ǰѾʼ׼Ϊģƺ񲢲򣬾Ҫķѳʱ䣬ܳɹ۳
޾ڰҲܴﵽҶɵĿġ

޾ڰӦԵһֶ..Ȼܴ󣬵ǣΧȴûǿĽϡ
һһʱⲢʲô⡣ʩȫԼƣ˳޾ĺڰ֮С
ڣҶҪһ򾡵ģȴߴĳ溣
֮ԻᾫƳ壬ĿֱָǼֻ۷Ĵڣ
Ѿ޾ڰΧķһжˡһҶóǿռƣ޾ĺڰռ䣬׷
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Ǵ֪ʶԨĹŮѧϰ

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ʵϣΪûоʵսԣҶɶı˳ʩչʱжٻЩ
ڣʵǰ
ֻݺݷĳӣҲ׹
ǿĿռƣ벻ϵ͹
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ûӷӦһɵĹ⵶ˢĿϣ
ôٶۣҲµԭ
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ǳ̾׹ΪǸʿԼ̫ԶɹԼķԣԼŻЩ֡ǣȻ֪ʿڲԶǳȴҲ֪ıȥ
޿κ֮£ǳӺǵľ͸Լһصķ
طҶɺǺһЦᱻġ
һ㣬Ҷڳ溣֮ĴһһһţǴһȭÿһжأˡ
溣궯ˣĳӣԭطĳӣȫܵĳϮߵķȥǲ֪ǣȥĵطȴǵģͬǿߵķ񹥻
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ֻͬĻӣֻȫϹˡˣ֪ĻӣҶġ
ЩڵĳӣȫǸҪطĳӳ˹ȥ
Ԥ֮еķطҲȻ֣
Ѥõķ
ԶҶɲϵĵͷ̾
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ҶɺǺǵЦĿ⣬⼸ֻ۷ĳӿȥ
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342.ɣ
⼸ֻ۷ӣҶɵռĿ꣡
۷Ϊһ۷ǿߣһһǿߣ
ҲΪʲô۷ǿϡٵԭ
Ϲ˴ս֮󣬸ضٻϡޱȣܹŻĻԵǿߣҲԼ׻۷ķ
𿴳溣ããҶ˵ֻл۷壬ΣյĴڡֻҪܹЩ۷ɵû޾ڰʲô
ȻҶѾƣǣ溣һߣҲͬأΪ̡ǻڵһ뵽ڻ֪ȥĳӣҶɿ¾ͻƴźľʣֽЩͽ׳ӣ¾һգ
պ«ưϽЩͽ׳Ǽֻ۷ȥɱ¼ǼֻǿĻӣҲͬţԽԽ
ܿ죬л۷ĳӿʼƴ֪ҶɻϢ͵Ϯ£ֻӳŷ󣬼ſռڵķݺݳײ˹ȥ
ڶģĵľǣҶûԼķûԼķ
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ԶԶģǳ͹ȥֻͲӵ壬ֱӾ˫֮ҫ֮ȥ
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Χط󣬽ʮѨΧסҶȷһ溣ӸЩҲ֧һʱ֮ſʼڶԪ
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ںܶʱҲɽˮʱ򣬲źȻҪĶ,
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346.壡
346.壡
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𰸴ȥ֪ǿߡҪ֪ʮ˵ɱô໯ˣ磬һǿ߶û䣡
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ս͹˳ԾˡҪ֪ھԶԶһϣһʿűһɱӿֲ飬ֻ֪ʲôӵķӦ

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ĶãҶһδɵĵڶԪһϸĵĴĦǼŵְ347.ڣ
347.ڣ
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ЩӾǻجج˷ʱ䡣ʹ޴ٴγʱȻǰһǿö࣡

ҶԶǵһ죡
ߣһ߻ƶĺɫӰӡĿȥޡ
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𰸺ܿǵѡ񣬾ȻǷɢ
С𣿡
ҶЦţٶȸ졣ͣļžڣʼЩķʱ󷨣Ӳͬط˳ȥ
ǵˣҶɻϵӰʵ壬žڵķ˲ƶȥЩڵĻǣòʱҶɵ͵ϮûиľȥԸЩķ
ʱ˴ӿиͻãͺһͷ۾ǧռĴޣԴԴϵԶĴ֡
Χ˹޵һòϵķֳԸЩٶ̫Ĺ֮֡
һ򣬾гһľڣòͣ
ʱ˿̣ɵҲҶҪʲôˡһȺȺޣӾںӿ˳
ڣ޿񹥣ǸıսҶɵ󣬷͹
348.ʤ
348.ʤ
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·ֻϢʱ䣬ǧϵޣͳڵڶ֮ǰ
ԹԹҲıԣ
Ҷأ˿̾õڶԪǿƳ
ֶԻػԼ;ܼղŵİ취ЩߣԼƽԼ޲ߣӶݵĿԶûУ
ս˭ҪǸ⣬ȴģٲ֮أ
ڶԪ
ҶɶԤϵ޴ĳ溣ķӦԼȻĳӣҲ϶ǳԾ
ڳӴѾɱ䣡
ҶһɹǹŮ޷㶨󣬰ҶҲģƾǿĵڶԪսʤֻǿĳ
Ȼ嵽ǰߵǧϵޣȫĶһ¡Ȼⶶϸ΢ǣȴûӹҶɵ۾
ͳڣ
𵴣ҶõĻᡣ..
ԭЩΪӵͽ׵߽ףβĻޣڶԪӵѹơڣɨҶһ㣬һӣͽǧ޴ȱ첲ȵģһȫʧȥս
Դˣ޴ڶ󷨵ıԵû˵ֹҶԴԴϵĲ󷨡
ݵͣ١
޴ĵڶԪĳ֣ȻóǴֲҪʱоѰҳµĶԲߡ
ǣҶȴ˼Ļᡣ
ڶԪĺΰ뺷ĵڵڶ֮ǰȥɰǧܣһ󷨣ٳǾ˲ƹȥ
ЩڵĿͻȻʱ޴ʱһš
ǱľڣǱŵĲߣߣӦȥƵЩ󷨣
޷ͳһ˼룬޷ͳһжٴαɢ
Ǿڵķɢ޴ķɢԭԶҶɾ޴вȴٱҶƵΣգ
ҲܿʶԣʵǷӦõʱ䲢㳤ֻǣҶɵĶ죡
ּսӦٶȾ;һУ
ûʱȥڣǲòֱҶɵǿѹ
Գ֣
ڶԪֻҪЩ޷ãٶ޶޷ˡ
嵽޴еĿܣвЯƴͷٲƴ󷨣ֻһ˲Ҷɵı壬ͳ˵ĵط
ɽ
ȫ벻ףڷܹ꣬˿ֲսǧ֮࣬Ϊʲôȴ֮ܵ죿,
ǰһʹ޴ʱһȻռϷ硣ܣҲ˺ü졣
࣬иΪֲĽΪʲô̶̵һʱ䶼ûܼȥҾֻܶжףǱӴˣ
ɽɵķɽڴˣ϶᳤̾һ
żƽϣ
ʱ䣬ҶɻȫķԾ
ǰ˵ӵĶս󷨣ҲʰŽһʤ
Ǳ壬ǵڶԪǷ󷨣˾˵ǿ
ĻܽᡪѾͬһϣ
ͺûг֧֣Ůǧޣ͵ƽãã溣
ڣͬһֻ̤֮ҶɣЩ޷óֵ֧ĳǣѾӵѹԵƣ
ǧžڣǵûвҶɣҶɵսƷĿͲֻʰ˵ĳ溣޺޷ʶҶҲçײȥ׷䵽һžڵ棬ϸо
ȷʵ񷨱ţֶҪãҶԻ󲻽⡣
Ҫ֪ԽķԽǽ磬鶯䡣Щǹǿȴƶͷ̫ǻᱻ˵ɰ
оһҶɻûܿĸ֮ڡ
Ҷ֪ԼԵʡԣҲͲ˷ʱȥоǱٳһӴֿռ䣬Щڣͳͳ˽ȥ
ٴλս޲࣬ͽսɾԶǳӣޣȫӰ֪һۣǻҲϮ
Ӧȥпһˡ֪Ůսеô
ǹؼ
ֻҪɱ˳˾ܼǰЩСӣٶ࣬ô죿
ţҶµڶԪͿܴ󷨣һͽʮѨ
ɣӰ١
Ů㣡
СӣڿϽˣҡ
ŮҶɴһ
349.
349.
ʮѨ󣬾ǹŮı塣..ҶһֱעʮѨı仯һǿ󣬸ûļ
ΪʲôŮȴ˵
ҶɰչŮָ㣬ɵ˹ĵشʱˡ

ͺǿĳ󣬾Ȼӵһ
һԲ״·ǸӣһʱҲʲôŵͨɢĹâȫ貵Ľɫûһ˿ҡ
֮ʯڵľ飬ɱŮԱ֮סһɱܼôʱ䣬Ѿ˵ˡ
Ϊʲôҽ
˸ſֲĽɫѹҶɼ
ѵ㻹ͼˣҲû˭ҿȥɡѾĻһ˽סѰ·
ŮûӦҪ⴫һ᲻㣿ܷʶ취Ըɣ㲻ãǶ
ʵŮҲƵúܡ֪ǿҹԼçײı仯ʮѨڿɺã޷ȣΪҪҶɻԼ͵ñĺ
Ҷɵ˵ͷʹֱӳ֡
СӣɵˣŮһϽŻ۷壬ôȥһңûʲô취ſԶԸ
ҶˣŮڵΪ
Ҷɺǲ죬ʵģҲ֪ܿĴ𰸡..
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ŮǸڵΪ
ҶЦЦҲش˫ֽһӡӲľͳ˹ȥ
ʱӦ⣬ⷨӡͺ˹
һΣҶ
뵱ǧ溣񶷣Լֻ֣ܿ
̶̼ʱ䣬ԼҲﵽ˳ָ߶ȣ

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Ů֪ҶΪʲôˡǿɿģϾֻһֻ̤֮ĳ󡣼ȻҶҲԼ֣ҲûϣΪʤ
Ͳ棡
ǲҲ仯
ҶſڵЦһǻһֻһ׹⣬ͺһȻŽ⣬ȴҲ޷׹ͳͳ
ŭˡ
ԴӱϹץסʹû֡ƾ֮Ҫ˶꣬ѾúûˡھȻðһСӣԸԼ,
⻹˵ãǵҾֻôֶΣ
Լ·磬Ҳֻɫƣ֮ƮҲǽɫкҶɵǧ׹⣬ԶԾɢӰˡ
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Ѿӵ֮ҶɣʱͿŵɫƣ޺ʵȴǱǿɱ⡣Ȼ֮ܣҲò˱ᣡ
Ҫ֪֮Ի֮ԡ顱ʵ֮ܺܡһ˵ҶΨһͽܡţġϼҵʲôǿнһͨ浹ҲЩۺһȴһˮС
ѰʿȻ˼ȥĥ⡣ǣҶɿӵ֮ĳ֮ȴò顱֣ӹעϸĴĦ
ɱңԼ㣡
飬
ҵҪԼļɫƣɱǿ
һõģһɫâҶɵӿ֡
Դ;ϤоҶ⻹ͷһνʩչǰ溣ƲңûǿֶΡ
֮еĳ󣬲ɵһ
СҲ׳󣡡
ŮҲҶ̫дһ㡣ǳʹżȽɫơ˱һ£㿪âȻŻٹΪʲôƫҪܣ
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ȻΪʩչţۿۡǣϾ֮ܣ
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Ľٶȣδڿֲ
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ĽֻһˣгɫƣۼߡһͨɢŽɫâĲ״ĵתš
ҪֳҶಫ
350.ѣ
350.ѣ
Ҳڳ󻯳ΣֳһŭҶɵʱ򣬹ŮĹˡ..
ʵŮķӦҲν졣ҶĵĵɫâոճʱͿʼʩչԼľˡǣĹ˳ǰǣȴԵĳٻĿЦ
ЦǣŮеĹȻĻƵı߶ûɢˡ
ŮɵôΪ֣ȫûϵȻǿȳ̶ȣ
ȻŮҲ֪һֱ϶ΪԳҲԤϵĸáǣҲԭ򣬼ȻóҪҶɸԼͳͳ
ƴűɣҲҪѵɱ
ԱѨ
Ůһο
ǣԱһѨҲͻɱһֻӡڣѵҪԱʮ˸ĹѨ
ڹŮԥʱҶȴĳˡҶһ֣ȫ߸֮Ĺϵ
һƵɫĹâǻƣֱľʹ̴ƣ
ĴţǼ⼤˺һӣסţ
ֱʱŮ֪ΪʲôղҶֻƶ˸԰ͺȻŭģⷬģĶ½뵽ٶ
ԭҿˣҪǸղŵսȥȫᱻɢ
Ůȫ޷Լڵˡ
Ҫ֪ǰԼҶɵʱ򣬻ܹӸ¡ʱҶɲͬԼðգԼ־ܰҶɸɱ
ǰԼʮѨΧʱҶҲֻΧһһĻ溣ԼȣԾɲúԶԶ
ڣ
ȥ£Ҫң֮ˣҪǼ
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ҪңҪ֣͹Լ̫ˡ
ŮƮҶɵɵ΢΢һ¡Ҷʹϰܿͽȶ
ΧϮŮĵҪԼˣ
ûԼǱŮвðաǣһ·ϣ̸̸ģϵĳʦѵķչˡԭҶҲðŷգʹֵãã溣ڻѹʤ֮ѡæ
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ţ봩ԽŻǺԶԶ
ǿǽšǡһֻ̤֮ΪֻҪţԻ۷壬ҲӵоԵơ
ǣӵʲôıԤƵֶΡ
ֻǡšȴζſͨŵĵ·󡢹ŮĴڣǰѾţǣֱڣǻûеĿͨŵĵ·
ҶɲǰŸոմﵽ־硣ôţҲڶ̶֮ڣͿµĵ·
ǣرڹŮְʱƷѡζʹһµĵ·

Ǽ֮飬ܳƵϡζҶƷζĻ̫̫٣
ûģͻŮʱҶ򵽣Լִһˡ
ҲҲɰһΪʲôҾûʶ̲ŵ
ȻҲδþܸеĵɹԼȡԴȪֻһһľʹ˳ɳ
ԽԽŨĹӦŻǹŮǳʩչķҶѧ˺ܶܶĶµһ·ԽԽ
ʱ˿̣ǹŮǳ󣬶֪Ҷɵϣֳʲô仯һֻǺĬҷ˶ԹһԸСӡ
Ȼ󲢲Ըȫ״̬ٳȫʰС֮󣬿¾ûԸŮˡ
ͬģŮҲԸȫŨҶסһЩСֶϮһҶɣʹߴٳ֡
һ֣Ǹ̥ң㣬ûĳۣȴ۵쳣
ǿ˶ûʹȫԶһҲԶԸСˡϾҶͬһ
ǣȴû뵽ִ̥ȴҶһͻƵʱ䣡
ԭɫĹâɫ佥
351.Ůͻ䣡
351.Ůͻ䣡
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ǣһӵϹȱĴڣһǰѾʼ֮棬ֱ仯ζʲô᲻
ֻô̵ʱ䣬Ȼ˴ͻƣ
Ѿáܹݵˣ
ŮͳҲ˲Ժ飬ڣǱһƴ
Ĺ
⣬缱ٵܼҶ䵽ǰҶɷŷ֣֮Уŵߡ
֮ԼıԴ֮𣿡
һţҶһ߿㡣
ûйŮԿӣԼڹŮı֮УԼʶ
һҶɾͲö㡣ڣԤζ
ҶϣûԶŮĹ͵ˡ
ǰɫһ䣬Ҷɷ֣Լһĳ档ԼΪģÿһξ룬һڵĽʬ
ʲôĹƬ𣿡
ҶɲΪ΢΢Цţɵţ˵Ļ
ǣҶԽЩʬ͵һǴǽʱɫڱ˱䡣
ôǿĽƣ
Լļϲ¥ԭɫĹâɫ˺ܶࡣζţԼÿһ൱ǰʮ
ǰԶĻơڵȻ޷ݻƣ
ɵģҶɶǰŮġҲĻɡ
ҶڻɣĳҲò˾衣
û뵽һȻֶΣȻͣΪʲôСɱңɱСӣ
Ҷɣǳ󣬶ûϵʱ˿̣ŮԼҲǺͿˡ
ûҲµĽơǣôܲôĽƣ
ţŮȻ;һƬҡɵáѽһʮѨȻʧŮָΡ
ƴȻڰСĳɫ粻ò׼⣬֪òóô˻ᣬŮ֡
ݼţڳɫʱ򣬹Ůֱ塣
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ߣ̾ߡߵĺǣߵӰ٣ãɴȥжԶͶԶ
ǣ磬ȴԼ,
Ȼ緶Χܴ󣬵ǣŮĵҪɱԼԼҲ϶㲻
Ȼ㲻Ҿɽۻ
ΪļһҲ뺷쳣㲻ԭأصĽʼԶĺӡ
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ȻϣǹŮȻЦаǣȴûоԼ
ҶɿɲǳصģȻƷǳǿȻбڶĺɫʬǣƵĺȴһνһΡϢ֮䣬Ѿǧ֮࣡
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ͬʱҲдʣټһƹٱ䣡
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ŮıʣҶһ֪ЩøǿӵֽȻͬĽʬȺòҷռƣתȥԸ֧Ľʬ
352.Ůٱ䣡֮
352.Ůٱ䣡֮
Щӵ֮ĽʬҶͷ۲ѡ
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ｩʬҲҪǴˣҶĨ˰亹ٶȵڿеѰµĽ취
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ҶԽԽԾˣֽȻͬҲļޱȵĽʬȺͬľ󷨣ĵǣŮŵģֶΣ
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ŮٶȺܿ죬ҶٶҲܿ죬ǣţģԽԽˡ
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ҶɰһϥȫעģʼݵڶԪ
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Ůһ˲ƣ㿪ҶɵĹĿ⾼Ķų֮УɱⰻȻ
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նһķӰҲֵֻܵһգ۵ʱ䣬ȫǵĻݻ٣
ֻЩնһնһķӰǿɫĻǱ˳
ЩӰնĳȫͺûһβΧҶɵĹӰ,
Եĵʲô鵤Ȼ˹
ĹЦСӣ⻹β㣿ҳԵĿؾһ񵤣
һ񵤣
ĸ֣Ҷɵͷһ
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󣬾ȻǳԲ϶һһͳǧö
Ҫ񵤣ͰҸˣôҲסô֮
ʶɨӣ̶Ϣʱ䣬ЩѾԼĹӰ߰˰ˡۼһĹӰҲһĶ֣
ΣȻǼ֮ļΣͲһ֮Ķ֣
ٿǳȻһƬģϸȥȴҲĿɬ
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ߣα񵤣Ҳó׳󣡡
ôַųڣ̾ʶҶթԼ
ǣѳڣҲܡ
ɵߵαΣһԽնɱ
նɱңҶɹЦҪնɱõң;ַˡúúãҵҪֵܼ󣬻ֵܼ󣡡
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Ҷɵ֮·˱չؾޣһ·ɱȻͬʿȣᣬǣɱ飬ȴȫǸʵľǿˣ
ڿʼʱҶԾ͸о¶ȺľʹһȻļ϶ֻǣƾôݵ轵ҶҲܽѾϸ֮еȻ𣬸ͳͳȥ
ֻҪϸһƬԼη壡
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ȻôڣѲɣҲӵиһӴţ𣿡
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ٺ٣ȡ֮ڳ溣֮ڳû뵽Ȼ˳һСҶɰЦ
ԭԼѾءڣȴ־ǳԸ֪ճˡ
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Ҷɶɱͷҵ鷳ֱ
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Ҷȴ֪ҪȥŮֻ취ɫջڲ˹ŮȴҲǳû취Ƶ顣
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ڤڤ֮УҶɾ;ãһĻԵĳһطȴԼ꣡
360.ĹӰ
360.ĹӰ
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ҶɸоõӴͷؾ֮У
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ʵҶҲ֪ǹŮ֮ԸȥǼڶԸԼΪãҶɺĵ;ƿݣҲ󡣵ǣҶȴãȻָԼôԼһа취
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ʩչ֮ųӰѵչҵǣ
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ĹӰνĳ󶼲飬ŸողǰĹŮȻ͸ӲˡŮ֪ĹӰȻ԰Ҷɵæ˵ʲôҲȥ׷ɱ
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ʱҶɣûоϸ΢ĸоԼĿڤԪӤڷԵı仯
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ҶΪǣһԼ֮ȥоһĲַȴҲԵùڼ˵㡣,
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Ҷɵϸ磬һ硣֮УʶЧ°빦ǧڸղŵӸ򣬱ҶһһȺ֮ûһӰ쵽Ҷɰ֡
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Լ壬Ѿ˷СѨ֮Уʴвͬ󷨡ֻҪҶ΢΢һͨЩ󷨣ǿУ©κεط
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ವһӣȫۼԪӤ֮С
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֮УþȱȽǣҲϡ档ҶҲɲ²⣬ֻǻþѡֻΪδţΪԼȫԪӤ֮УһǣҲ磡,
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ܲᣬҵԪӤ֮Уٱٳһϸռɡ
ҶɾãԼѾЩ
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ոհЩ֮Уûü󷨣ǧӵ룬ͺһӣ֮˳ȻҶɶסǣǣⶸȻȴҶһʱľȣ¾Ҫ߻ħˣ
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ץ֮УÿһƣͻһƣЩǿ룬ͳͳӡ

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Ǳǿǿ
Զʱͻ࣡
ȻԪӤǿڤôԼܹ֮ΪԼǱʸǿ̸
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ԴԴϵ̳ԣ
ǱҲԼֲٶȣԴԴϵĸšҶɸɴ಻鷨ȥѹӵĸ򣬶ǽЩϸһӣʹƾԪӤ֮ƣץ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ɺҶ˫ϥ֮ϵǱ񽣣һ΢΢Ķһ¡һεĶĿ΢΢񶯣ϸȥͺһ̾Ϣ
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364.ϲϣ
һΣҶɻûио񽣵춯
Ϊһ񽣵춯΢ΪǱϵľ˱Ҷɵȫθӿٵķӡ޸θ̷޾Ѫˡ
ȫע

Ƿ񽣵춯Ҷ˵ӰС֮ȣջĶȴҪö࣡
һʱȥˣеĻ߽ޡ澫ѪҶͳͳɣ
ݳްݳޣһξѪʱҶҲɵ÷һԵĸ̾
ɱޣԳ溣Щսеջ񣬾ʮڣҲȲϡЩջеľ֮ڡޡľѪȴҶڶ̶һʱһգ
ֻл۷ޡ澫ѪҶɻûˡǲһľѾҲܱʢ״̬
ǽʿһҲ㲻ʲôЩ޵Ļ۷ʿڿһһǧꡣҶһֻ̤֮˵ʱԸǣ̶̵һʱ䣬Ȼ;þή˲٣
ݳޣԼĸҲ١
ȿһǸôˡһҶɾͽȫľͳͳԪӤ֮С
ȻһƬҶɲɵþһ
ɻ߽׵ľѪʼҲûпһ硣ΪӴľѪ֮ˣ⡰ʡӦûеʲô仯ȴû룬Ȼɣ޸ı䣡
ȥǰѻ۷ľѪͳͳ̵Ҳκα仯
ͻȻð󵨲²⣬Ҷһ
ǰͽסнס߽׵ޡ澫Ѫе㹻֧ʮٸѰʿһ㣬ֱ廯۷塣ټϻ۷ޡ澫Ѫ£֧һǧʿֱ廯۷壡
Ӵô̵ʱصɣȻܽ⿪һɴҶľѸߣǼᶨҲɵñ󵨲²Ūҡҷ˺һӣס
ǻǣһԾ֪ˣ
סҶɱĿһʱŽٴλָ۷塣ڴ㿪ɻ۷徫ѪʱҶɺȻһΪ
ڤһ㣡
ҶɱڵʵΪ׼ȷ˵ǽ˿ڤھתĿڤһ㣡
˵ǿߣһλͽ޵ľѪҲҪʱһʮΰٵλ۷ޡľѪѪп񱩵Ҷֱӹҵ
ǣѪ֮£ҶԼоƺԼԱΪЩ޾ѪԻһЩջ
ҿüԼҲЩ̫Ӵ󣡡,
һɣҶֻʮλ۷޵ľѪңѪû֮ǰѾЩѪ
һξѪڣȻͬ
ûʼȫתЩѪеӴûпʼѪ֮еӸϸ֮УһɹĪֵͿʼӿ
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ǰԼת֮ĪʧӦǱȥڣȻֳһɹ֮أҲӦ練
ϲ
Ҷɼȿ磬Ҳ֪ʲôôֻĴڣҪ˵ҶһûУҲǲܵġϾһֱȥԼıΪҲû취õ
ֻ֮Ҫ뽫̻֮뼺Ǿͱ볬Խ֮
ڵҶɣ֮ȴţ֪ʲôʱȥ˵Ϲȴڶûܿӵĸ߾ˡڵܹ֮ǵಽʵȡɵĿԶûС
ΪǸ磬ԼǱϼȻܺáǣǱΪ޷һ㲻ãԼԶ֮
ںˣҶ֪ˣֻҪԼԶΪڣǸͻὫԼԿЩѹ
磬൱һ֪ʲôʱװ⣡ֻҪõͿʱ֧ȡ
Ӵ˾֮֮Ҫǧٱ
Ǵϲ
Ҫ֪֮ϵʿĸض죬Щλڻ籾Դ֮֮ҪķʱǽЩתΪ֮ǽų⡣
ȵڣȫԼĵģͿЩޱȾֱ֮ת֮
ľϲѾҶɾ÷ǳǳˡϵõиľϲǰԼ
365.ϲ£
365.ϲ£
һɹɾҶɵת죬Ҷɾ;ãԼķΪ
úúãϢ֮Ͷƽʮľޣ
Ҷ̾á֣ʹ±ػˮ׼ΪԼѾǰԼ쵽ġϲ
ϾһʱȥˣŮʱпܻҪڹŮ֮ǰȸ㶨磬Ȼһʹ
巨Ϊȥż֮Ӧûлᡣ
ǣҶɴһαػˮ׼ʱȻɫһӿȪѨ
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ڷ˵֮ԴӿȪѨҶɵΪڵӿȪѨѲô
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ЩǰѰС
Ҷ֮ʯǩԼ𲽴֮ʯѧ˸ϵ󷨡ǣֽزһ飬Ҳ⡣
ٺҶִ˼ѧ˸Ϊ󷨡ȻһֱҶɲܽЩ󷨣ϵЭһ𣬵ǣһһŬԡҲΪʲôڵһζս溣ʱܹԭ˵Ŀааںһԭ
ǣҶɶôŬϾˣ֮
οˣΪߵͲͬҲÿһˣ֮ܽյô
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ǣڣһƳ֮£ҶɾȻ֣ӿȪѨеĴ֮Уںϣ
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ˣĸĸֶ֣飬ھȻԼƤӵ£ĪķˣȻںϵٶȼ仺ǣֻҪʱ㹻ɵһ죡
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ˣˣ⵽ʲôԭ򣿡
ҲҶɺֵʱǰﷴ֮ѾҶɵķ֮СҶɵı壬Ҳӿڤһ㣬˿ڤ㡣
ԭ̶һʱ䣬ʹӿڤһ㣬˿ڤ㣬Ѿ㹻ҶɷǳϲǣѾʶиľϲԼ,
ϲ
ڶ֮ﷴʱҶڷ֣һɹɾ֮ϴӿȪѨӿȪѨе󷨣ϵķɱ䡣
ѨĴС󷨣Ҳȫûκα仯ֻǱ仯ϸ΢ڶ֮Ҷɵķ֮󣬷вѨ󷨣΢˵ںϵļ
ȻֻһںϼȴѾҶɾϲѣ
Ҫ֪һˣ޷飡
֪ԪӤݻ磬ʲô֮ܺУȻа֮ͣҶɲɵõ̾
Ҷɲ֪ǣҲ̾ʱ򣬺˫ϥ֮ϵǱ񽣣ҲڰԸ̾
Ӳҵ֮䣬ʹɢ籩ڸӵĺ˶ӵеĴԵǲӦھ˵ģҪͷҡĺ˵ԸҲ̫ǿˣȻڻӰҡһϣȫڴˣϣҪʧ
ʱ˿̣Ҷɸ֪֮еıʣһش
ǼȥǸϽ֣ȥµʹ
ȥ㲻ãŮɱˡѺĳ󣬾Ȼܹôʱ䣬Ƿǳϡ棬Ӧòټֶá
ǣֹͣû׼ԼõԵͻת˲šڵ⴦ڻ֪ǻõ磬㲻úܿͻήʧԺҲ֣
Ҷɵĵģûе
һ·κջ񣬶ס
ףپʱ򣬻ಽĸֻǸĸд֮ܶǰԼûԤϵºЩȴǺԵġ
ΨһΣºҶҲȫ㲻ףΪʲôö˶˵ԪӤ֮УȻ֮䣬ͻһԼϲ硣
Ȼ㲻ףʱпʧ
Եô׳֣ôװգ
һɲǹҶɾ˾

366.׾
366.׾
ҶɵľҲʱ񽣿ˡ
һһ븹еĻ۷޾ѪһЩѪʼձԭò֮ĿڤΪȫڸһʵǾǣҶɷʹ
úúã񽣿üɫ裬żıأĺ˵ķֹӰʮ쵰ɵŮĺ˵ֻϧһõȡ
ĺľӡ̫ھ뿪˵Ҷֵôˡ
ҶɲԪӤ֮еı仯ǺԵʣȴ֪һ
ǣΪĺ־̫ǿѾӡԾɲֵֻܵ۵ĿҶɲ׳еҶܹһִǸط
ʱ˿̣Ҷɲ֪˫ϥ֮ϵ񽣣۵ĿԼ΢ɼĲ֮⣬Ҷڵܿ񽣵ıԴ
ڵ˼ģȫ
֮ӿķΪڲ
ű巨ΪԪӤҲڲϱǿ
ԪӤĲϱǿ磬Ҳͬ׳
֮ҪǣҵıԴҪ
ܿ죬Ҷɾᵽ˼ľ޴ôȻûܽҿɴǣ䲻׳ҶɸоõԼѾ˽⿪յ׵ϣ
ұǿøǿȿ磬һܵõĺô
ҪøǿЩޡĸҲܷŹһΣҲҪΪԪӤˮ׼Ҫһٽȹ
ϹżҲȥˡһҪ˵أֹŮ룡
Ҫר־ҪֹŮһƬ򡣿ǣԵֵŮڶԪҲԶԶô죿
ɲ֮䣬Ҷɵʶ֮Уǧٸͷܿѡһ
ֻҶվȽУȻ˲䱬ǿˮ׼
ӴҶɵ߻ơһŰѶﻺ
á
ûսף
ֻһѹ͵׹սףҶɵϡ
û֮
ֻһž׹ľ޴ͳҶɵС
ʱ˿̣Ҷͷ·Ϲѹ˷
ǣȴֲǼ򵥵Ӱ֮İһ˿˿Ŀֲڣ
һԳ溣ʱҾѾ̶ֳȣ͸ýӰԼϣҶɲɵðԸ̾
꣬ƾӰŪôķķѪʩչյֶΣٽ칦ʩչ޾ڰŴãã溣,
죬һսףһ֮Ϳ˲佫ǵȳӸͳͳ

ȻҶֻǸոţǣҲ԰ӻǿߣ
ԶԸŮҸܰ
ŮϹʮ۶ɣʮֲ֮ͬ
ҶǲרãһǱޣֻûһ֮һϮսףܽ⡣
Ҷ֮ԽǻûΪʩչǿϵѧ
׾󣡣
Ҷǧ࣬ڰ֮ʯ֮֮ʯȻҲκ֪ϵͨҶѧѧʩչǲʩչ֮ͨʯͳͳӡķʽҴڸҶɡ
һ׾󣬾֮ʯ֪ģΪǿһϵ󷨡
ǿ󵽣ʹڵҶɣҲֻǿ£
£ĵġʱգûκ״
ǣҶĵ˵ͷֻҪǹŮҴһƬʱգͻ֣ᷢԼһ磡
ϵʿıԪһõ硣Ϊһ׾֮
νģ׾
ʵʵлã⻹ˣ㲻ɫĸصڣֻҪߵľΣûгԽʩߵһΣ;
ҶƣǹŮҪǶˣп
ǹŮֻǸҶɲĴڡ󷨣ǽǲӰ쵽Ҷɰ֡
㣡
ȻⲢûд۵ġ
ȻҶѾûսף֮ɾһ޷ӵ׾µһɲǣҶɵɫ˲úѪɫ
޽ӽƷĴڣټսס֮æֵѹ󷨲֮ʱұԪ֮ʱ
֮̾ȥףֳ־޴ҶɣôȻԭأ뵽ȥ
367.޷ƴ
367.޷ƴ
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ڵʵȻ̫˰һֻĳӶץ
˲ʱ䣬ŮûܰѳץסԽԽԶôԶľ룬Ѿȫ˹ŮȵԤϡŮɵÿʼģҶɻ᲻ͻȻʩչʲôţʹܵˡ
ȻչŮ⣬󣬲ˣ޷ȴ̵ļǵãʶҶɵһҶɸԼһһξȡ
һˣҲӦʱ䣬ܳɹֻĺ߼ˣ˲佫
ĺģһӰ֮󡣸οתķ򣬰ҶСɢ籩֮ӦüûڶѾɢΪ壡
ҶСϵʵ̫ˡֵı֮ʼĥ͸һǻȥ﷭˴ҲӲ磬̽ĺŲأ֮ȡҲ٣
ŮϵţҲ󣬳طһĺŲأĸҪñȽϾ֪
ȫչΣʮ˲Ծ󣬹Ů»صƬʹ֮Ŀռ䡣
սף֮ãֻǻûġСڸʲô׵վʲôŮĿ˸еò⡣
֮ԼȥҶɶǾԼڵʵòҶɡҶɻûսס֮˫Ŀ΢յİȻ͸Щϰ£֪òøҶɶһˡ
ȹ۲һ
Ÿ䣬Ůɫ΢䡣
ڤ۷壡
ղԼոʱҶɷֻпڤжεӡֻô̶̵յʱ䣬ȻͻƵ˿ڤ۷塣
ر֮۷Ϊ϶ѹһͷˣŮɫİֹţΪٸߣҲͻ֮ϣҪ֮ĲǷΪǶҶСҪʹ󣬼ֱΣ
ȻֹţǹŮﻹǺܲϾԼҲû֮ܽڣҶɿҪѹԼһͷˣ
ҲϵΣܱȵҵʮ**
ӵĺôǣȡʱתЧʻǰٷ֮١ǣⲢζţתٶȻܿ졣תΪõٶȣĻǱ巨Ϊ
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Ҳң۷һ̶ȣͰɱ
ŮݺݵƳҶһۣϥ˾״̬֮С
Ůһʮ졣
ھڴʹԱߣ㴫ʹʲô״ҲŨʮΪ߰ٷ֮һ
ֻ߰ٷ֮һԻɱҶСӣŮĵ˵ͷ˫ۡ
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ڤжΣôܣ
Ҷһգղŵͱ˲ƣ
ⲻܣܣһǻþǻþ
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⵱ȻģȻҶɵ⣬õı׾󡣿ȫ͸ģŮҶɵķΪĵȷȷǿڤжΣ
ȡٶȣôܴﵽڤжΣܣ
ѵһ˺ܶ໯ޡľѪԣһԭ򣡡
ҪһоУ
˫һ·裬һС󷨣˹Ů⡣
󣡺ߣƾͳͳãξѪ
󿪣
ֻͺ۳һ׷׳
ЩССʱʱתΪ˹˹Ů֮У谭ûС
Զ˹Ů׷ɱĳһطץҪָȫʢ״̬ٸŮҶһ϶̳ǣ󡭡
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о֮£ﻹ˶Կͷɽۻˮ붼ȫûˡ
һƬѿͨҲܴˡһһԣܲͨǴط뿪磬뵽ĺŲ֮У
ߣΣ˻ǵ·һ󷨣ô˭··ۣŲش󿪵ʱҾܽǱޣ֮
ֿ˿ϲ۳ɫģżȶķ˲ƶȥ
368.˭ţ棿
368.˭ţ棿
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ʹ죡ʹ죡ȻҪһ꣬ǣҵԪʮģںôҶɣСӦÿ˰ɡ뱻ҵķѹĻҰɣ
Ǿɱ֮ƣ
ҶԼʩչֶΣƬѵĴءʱ޷ʹʶӦҶɣͻᱻԼһռƹ
ҶɲʱԽãԼķΪͻߡԼķΪԶԶҶ֮ϵʱɱУƾԼ
֣ǾʮϹʶļıһóЩͼˣҲ֪Ӧôźá
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ãҪԾҪ㲻֪룡󣬸ٶ
ôֱ۾ˣһʲôаԣСӲǿᣬϲġٺ٣ھԵǰʲôӵıƣȫ
ôһŻ۷޾ѪٵΣСʲôңҲһɣʲô𣿺ٺ٣ʮϹ˵ļ䣬ӵֶǧֶΣ
ĵģŮֲֶΣ͵Ҷɳɱ
ٺ٣ĺҵˣĺȣò۾ǸֻҪָܻĺյٹ⣬ȥȡĺŲأ֮ܽڣһ嵽ȵ껹Ҫǿľ磡
ٶصֶΣȷһʧҶСӣһˣ
Ůһ߹۲Ҷɣһ߲ϵֶΡһʼ־ǣģֲԾˡ
ôڳΪڤ۷壡ò˼죬ܽ׵ڤ۷壡
һŻ۷޵ľѪأҶСӵǸıţﵽǿ״̬Ҳܳõڴڰ뻯ֲ϶Ҫȥٵȵȿ
ǣҵȣҶɷǵûнǿֲģ޷εľ״̬Ŵˣ
ڤ۷壡
ȹŮԤƵģʱҶ̤˿ڤ۷壡
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ԣСҪסңһһ׼ֶΣٶȣСӣȻǼ˽ƻ
ߣҶɣҵšȻҵһʱ䣬ǣʤضң,
ŮԹŭ¾һɹӴ糱ˮŹŮڹ롭

ұƴǺǣܼȻ˫ĿգǣҶȴܸоõ춯ҵɱﵣǷ
һδεˢѨе󷨣˲̶ͬȵ
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ôۺֻҪûͻƵ֮ʹһֵԻʿļ޷ȥ֮סô𵽰Ч
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ҶĵģҲֻйŮ˸ŵȲͬʮֵ֮⡣ΪֹԼûиʮֵ֣ʮֵʲôôһֻʲôЧ
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Ҷһ߽練ϴˢһϸֿܡҪеĿȫѹŮⱾ׾С
ĹŮΪʱϵԽãŮԽǻĸꡣ
һ죬죬졭
ҶɵķΪţֻһµʱ䣬ͻ˿ڤƿ׵˶֮
ʵҶ˵֮֮ǰûκƿѾӵ֮֮Ĵţ˺ü·ѾЩƿ
ת
ֻҪŮҶɾʹһֱǱȥһֱ껯ת
̲ŵľ֮㹻֧Ҷɻתֻʱ䣬ñķΪҲ׵۷塣
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ʱøǿΪ֮Ͼ޷뼺ԼķȻҪӦ֮Ӵ졣
׻۷壬Ȼֻ֮Ҫ֮ͿȻ󣬲ϲŽ֮СֻҪɹˣͿԳԽ֮ﵽľ磡
ǻһʲôأҲɲ꣬ȥˡ
Ҷ΢΢Цţӿȵ֮תٶȸ369.ʥսì
369.ʥսì
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Ȼ˲û֣ǣŮȴһĴܸС
ⲢΪҶɵı巨׵˶һ㡣Ҷɴ̶ֳȿʼŮҲΪѹҶɡ
ŮĴܸУҶɵĲɽ
ȥ϶ǵģ϶ʲôУŮ
ΪһĴڣΪһϹʮ˼ĴڣŮȻûõı׾󣬵ǣȴ֪Ҷɿ϶ʲôУԼ
Լòȥ
ʱԽãԼԽǲԼнƣǿ߱ʲôǿͻϣ׵֮ǣҶȴûơ
ҶСȥһ죬֮ʱҾֻ֮ززˣ
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һӣĺŲؿܾûķݶˡȻɣǣȴѾΪǰһսٶ䣬ԼָȥѰƽԵأ
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ҶˮƤӶһµģŮ;ȫŭ
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ֻոսһƬѵĴأһܣͱһɹĪֵɵһɶǹŮȫעȥˣҲûܿκζߡ
÷̽ҵ󷨣ҪǱ׾󣬻ܱ̽ǣǿΧɱԽĵ˵ľɱ֮̽ģ
ҶһЦҲܹŮԹԵļޡ
ŮǸһķ̽޹ҲͰˣվڹѴҶɣȻƤӶ̧һµģֱǳ...ڳЦԼ
úúãоֶΣҲ֮ͨܣһȥˣٰ꣬ҲҪնɱڴˣ
󣬲һ꣬ԹŮ˵㲻ʲôǣһطȴҪٰ꣡ȻŮԪƳʱ䶼ˣǣһٰ꣬ıԪģҲǷͬСɡ
Ԫ۳ǿȻҶһֱǹžվڣҲ⾪춯صƣ۾
һȻδ֣
ֻһǰֻǰ֪࣬׾󵲲ס,
֮ʱ֮ʯѸ׾󣬴У˫ǣҶȴ֪󷨿϶ֻõòҪС󷨶ѡϾ֮ʯֻҲ뿪ܾ֮󣬲ΪԵɺ϶۳ġ֮ʯûʲôλԣôܻǿĴأ
˵ǰ࣬ҲɵҶɲģⱾ׾󣬻ᱻһƣ
ҲӦ׼һ޾ڰˡ
˼ڵռ֮ʯڵı׾˫һҲŮ
Ҷţʹ㱬ǿ磬Ȼʼ޾ڰڵټ񽣵ĵֻҪϢʱ䣬۳һСΧ޾ڰɱŮУԼȴѾǴ´ˡ
ǣҶɻûпʼɫһƤһκ£һ
ԭˣ֮ϲûҪʲôˡ
ҶѾ˱׾仯Ůȴ׾Ĵڶ֪˵ֵ仯ˡҶɱԼǿǰѣ滹е㡰һسˡĸоǣһ̣ҶɾȻֱ۾
ͺñȣһڱĿϢĴˣȻСӵ־ٶˡһ֮󣬾ֲΪȻļ˯ȥˡ
ֱڴ۵Ĵ
Ůŭˣԭ͵ӣѾŤɲ
ҶɣȻСңȻҾȥȪҪ
ǰͶ֮У
ʥսì
һ̵սìȻڹŮǰ֡Ԫ֮ͳͳССһսì֮С
ȼԪҲֻ۳ô̵һսìĹʥʩչͶ֮䣬۳һͨ쳹صľ޴սì
Ҳ㹻ˣСӰʲôɱУʥսìǰͳͳ
һȼԪŮɫ΢е԰סǣؿһСĹʥսìޱȵá
ȥɱҶɣ
СĹʥսìЮΪ֮ɫĿֲҶɣֱɱ370.ɱ⣡
370.ɱ⣡
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ɢĿֲѹûµǿ߻ɢ
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ߣҲ
һعԴǹʥ
ҶڵӴʥǿߡǣ۾һͻ΢оһʥ
黯֮һսìԴ
ֻСĹʥսìÿǰһ룬ͻǿһ֡ȻŮڵλãҶռݵƬѴغܽǣսì䵽ѴصıԵʱСսìȻѼһɳ̣
ٱ
ٱһǧ۷壬Ҳܵס
ŮЦţЦֱҶɵ顣
񣬾Ȼһҡҷһʱ䣬ҶɾҪ۾һĸо
ߣҵ񣬵ҵⷽмңҲŪ
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Сӣһ٣ʲô棬ƾʥսìҲ㹻ݻ٣
ƣʲôֶΣͳͳƣ
ŮЦţֻϢʱ䣬ʥսìͻĶҶɵ塣ʱ򣬾ǾèתҲᱻ˲
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ܣܣŮȵУҶɣʲôţôܻʥսìĺ𣿲㣬Ѿɱûɢ˭˭ҹҹŮϹʮĴڣҵֶΣôܱƵ
ŮţһȼձԪ
һԪҾͲţ㱳ˣ
һǧԪ
һǧԪⲻӣһʱ䣡
µĹʥսì˳һεģҶɺХȥ
µĹʥսìһһɳ̣ݹͬľ֮󣬾Ȼǧ֮ޣ
ٱĳǧļʱ䣡
ɣ̰ǧ֮޵Ĺʥսì㱻ȥ˾ųɾţʣҲһܰɻɱ
սɣ۾һŮЦš
ȻһΣҶ˫ۡ
ֻһۣӿҶɵʶ
һ֮
һʱ䣬ҶɾͺãԼȻһƬޱ޾ʬɽѪ֮У,
ǧɹʥսìıƽޱ޾ʬɽѪڲϵı
ȻֻǻӰǣõͼ˳׳٣ȺȼһǧԪֻѹѣŮЦţ͵ſҶɳ
ҶҲȻһ£ǣҲֻһ£ס
⾳ǱȲҵ󣡡
󣬻ˣֻ˵Ĳһ֮󣬾ӵһıԴ֮⡣
ȻֻǳӵУǣϾǴıԴ֮⡣ıԴ֮⣬ӰԻ
Ҫ֪ʵĹҲһеһֶѣȫ޷⣡
ҶӵеģʵڵĴıԴ֮⡣ǹʥսìֳģֻǹӰֻһɲǣӦʱ䣬ͽ⣬֮⡣
һЦҶɾ±۾ԼľޡȻѡͲԸ˷κһʱ䡣
Ȼûôôܣ
ôܣŮԼûʶĸ֣Ѿ˵˶ٴΡ
䲻ΪܣĴУ
ǵĻ޷֪̽׵ĴУҪôӦʱ˱ܣҪôӦѡַϵ̽
ھǿˡȡ
ǣѾȼһǧԪĹŮѾЩˡȫûʶҶѾĳɳΪˣһвԼǿߡ
ڹŮҶɻǸԼвðյСӣҶɻǸԼָ䣬Сӡ
һСӣôҵĶ֣ҿǴǿĴڣ
Ȼ٣ùʥսìֱӰ㶴ɱɱɱʥսìɱСӣ
ʱ˿̣ʥսìѾŮĿռ䡣ǣŮһʥսì˲ͼ˸ǿĶ־
ûǿĶ־
һʥսì͸ղʧһһˡ۳ѣѾӵԭʼ־
ԭʼ־Ůʱռ˲Ӧ˹Ůǿɱ⣬Ҳ̾ӿ˿ֲĶ־
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Թɱ⣬Կʹ𣿲ǴʮϹ˼ĴڣȻʩչֶΣ
ǰһʥսìǱƬѴظɡΪԼµı׾󣬸ƬѵĴԼһԣҶɲûȥǵһʥսì
ڣһĹʥսìȻӲĿ˴ʹ
ȻֿҲάֲ˶೤ʱ䣬ǣʥսìٶȣʱ䣬Ѿ㹻Ҷɸ
Ҷɵ׸ô죿
Ȼһα˫ۣ
ţʵ̫ˣ㻹ֶΣҲӦôţŮŭҶɣΪţĴۣʥսìڤ޾죡
죬ͺѿ˾ŵѷ졣ֻǺȴʵ
Ҷ˫΢գʶãҲͬоŵѷ졣ָоȫͽӽʵ
Ҷɾôʱķˢ֮Ѿʱ˿̣϶ͻȫΪ죬ѿ˾ŵѷ졣..
ʱ
ڤϢ𣿶ԱɱУȴô
ôڤ޾֮ҶֻԼŴˡ

ŮѾŭȫʧȥǣֳ..ӣĳ嶯Ҳ޷ѹơ
嶯ħȻȥҶҲо˹ŮıŭˣҲһħοֻǵõ˴Уûн֮ĳ嶯ħħһСŮԶ֮ܽˣٶഫҲȻ
һ򣬲Ҷ˹Ůˣƺڤڤ֮УҲԼˡ
ⷬأ˵ǾżˣҲԼδʷģ㡣δƮģ˶޷㡭ףڵ𶯡񽣣ôˣ
ڣҶɷ񽣵״
ǰε춯ǳ΢ңҶɻǱȫͺ˹ȥ
һε춯ȴ쳣ԡ񽣲ͣĶţֱһڼˣﲻͣĴӡ
ҲҶɸӦ񽣵ʱղŻŭ쳣ĹŮѾĻЦ
װûսʲôսףҲӲĵһУ
ڹŮԼǱǿĹʥսìһӶҶɵ塣ȻʥսìݴһƬѴأֱʮ֮һɽֻǾ޴ɽȻԲĿռʯ׷ɣɳƺˡ
㻹֮壬Ҳһ֮أ,
ŮЦţеһڶڳ׸й˳ǣЦʱû೤ͺȻ֣ҶɾȻö˶˵վûɢϸԪļ
ؿڵǸȻĴŮǣҶɷǵ˿ûйҵףǣķΪղǰ㣬ͣЪȲ
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ŮҲǵнɫʱͷӦ˹
ܹҵʶӰ򵥣
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ǣƫƫԼǱƭˣ
ֱʱŮףΪʲôҶֻ۾˿ͲԼʥսì쳣˵ã£Ҷÿһˣ
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һ棬ֱȴ߹ŮСӿ϶
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ħҾȻҲħ
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ǣƫƫΪҶɣԼħ
ʲôʱʼģŮģһƬãȻ
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ܣȻ֪ʲôط
Ůֻ֪һ취Խħ
Ĵ󣡡
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372.Ĵ
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׼ʹŹŮҶɴʱԼ͵͵ĸȥ
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ٺ٣Ȼսüꡣģң
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ԹŮĹƣֻҪҶɻһ;ӲĴӲޱ߹
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תһҶɾƬѴؿ˵ĵطšǸ˫۲ټպϣĿ֮¶ģľȣ뼫ȵ
Ի꣡ٺ٣ĳŶֿסһķһԪôӴһĴ󡭡֪һδ֮һмԪ
ֻҪδ֮ͲĸоԼԪ̡ҶɣѹͲ֪ԼԪж١ҲȼԪķȴҲΪ׼ȷԪʹá
ŮҲ޷׼ȷԼԪǣΪʮ˵ļ䣬ʮ֮ԣµԪܹоõġ
һǧԪһԪǻòסҶɣܣͱˡ,
ڣҶã
СӣҲܲ˰ɣһΣҪʬΣ
Ů޵ҧгݵģǰеСӣôܷ죿ɱǵԼħ⣬£
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ңԶĵطѾҵĳʱ;־𵴣̾ڤ뵱С
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ڣڶͨĹѾ׳١
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һӦҶɾ̱ˡã״̬
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һͨԻ꣡
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ԼѾΪԼˣʲôϣȥȻ滹üͨġǣڳԣĴܿܽͽ޷ģȥ
ͨ죬ҶҲҶ˺һӣƺŬʲôŮţǲǸüͨʱȻҶɵ壬ĵȥ
ٿϣ𾪣ɥʹ࣬ı飬ùŮĿĻ󳩡
һΣˣҲʲô취ܹ߳Ԩ
ЦţŮҶǱ߷˹ȥ

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ŮҪȥͨĴ󣬺Ȼ֣ԼȻѾĴȫѿ
Ҳ󷨣ŮϵҶվ˵󷨻ֳɾŴȼ֪ģһȼ
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һĴڣѹƵһĴڡһʱ䣬ŮͲɵþãԼѾܣ
ĴƷ󷨣ѲɣƷ󷨣ֻߣǸ߼ľƷƷƷ󷨣ŮɲǺķһԪŲƷҶСиԪģ
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ڣҶɾȻԼ㲣ȻԼʶ֮Уɹһ
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ףĴûˣֻƳһգͼҴҵԶĴгȥ
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ΪʲôʮϹ֮ǰ۳һʮѨԵʣΪ֪Ϊ֮ʼԵʣʮѨ綼ǡ
ŮǳϣĴڣŮʹɵûɵԸ
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֮γɵĿ磬һս촵졣ս췭ɵ쵱УȻ֮ǧ֮֮
ʮ޴ս֮еĹŮʱ;ãһ֧֧Ѫ֮ƣԼɱ
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ΪⳡǼ٣ƫƫȥᡣô㽫ʹһһͣЪĹױݻ٣
˻ѾܽӽĴơǣŮȴó֮УԾǻö棬ԶܸԼĹĴᲢۡ
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ҶɱҲᱻԱԱ֮ˣ
ǣŮԱԱһξͻ𡣡,
žŰʮһԱ֮˵ĹɱҲ֧һʱ䡣һʱ䣬ŮͿԴݽʮ֮ںһ
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ȻԹŮڵֻһ˿ǬԪ֮ǣһ˿ǬԪ֮ҲԶԿˡοһҶɣ
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ͺһѾĻɽŮȻԻصĿֲ
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ԵѹƣҶţҲκεֿ֮
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ǿߣѪʲôŮǬԪ֮޹ȫûκЧ
ѵ񽣵Ĺͣĺ¾ӡ˲ˣû뵽Ȼֹܹһ񽣵ıԴ֮
ڹŮ˼ŵʱû뵽񽣱Դѹûг֡ʱ˿̣񽣵ıԴزͣĲ˼ʲôشľ
ɶ֮еҶɣҲо񽣵״
ǰԼŮδԼδʱ񽣾д춯ʱԼŮ֮䣬ٶȹ죬ԼҲûʱȥо񽣵춯ڣԼ˲ʱɶݳȥأŮһʱҲ׷ǣҶɾͰ񽣳˳
Ҳ飿
б顣Ҫӵ飬ְֻ취
һץ壬֮У
ڤڤ컯ݻ顣
֮ʯΪڤڤ֮е컯֮Բݻ
ҶԴӻɱɽ֮Ҳκ񽣵飬ȴʼûκλӦΪûġû룬ȴγ춯
ʲô˼ǰ¶˾ģҶɣ㻹ȱģŮ׷ɱˡߣһ˿ǬԪ֮޷ʩչǬԪ֮ʲô
񽣵ȥ֮࣬ҶҲֻҷеľɣרӦŮ׷ɱ
375.
375.
ӵǿ죡
Ȼӵһ˿ǬԪ֮Ůȴ׷ҶɡÿðѾ˵ʱ򣬾ͿҶɱһâסһӣ˸Լľ롣
׶죡
Ҷʩչķ
ҶĹʵΪһжڡ֮ʯں֮ҶҲȻȻѧġ׶졷ңһŷ
꣬δ̤֮񣬾ƾһַϹ֮кСŮȻһ˿ǬԪ֮ȴˣô׷ң
Ϲʱڣ񼶴ݺᡣʿϰĴڣȴܹһŷŵرɼһŷ
УȥҶСӾͻԭ·ˣŮɵüͷ塣
ȻԼѾװѾ˻ǣŮѾֻ֪ҪûаҶɸɱԼħԶ޷ԼܹõĺŲǼԼҲ֮ܽ
һҪҶɸɱ
˲ƹ켣һƫŮѰݾֱӷ˳ڴ
ϵҶɷЦţճһ䣬Զɶݶȥ
ļһƭһΣҶɷԶȥӰŮ޵ҧгݣֻҪܲ磬Ҿ㹻Ļᣬնɱ磡
һ˫֣·裬֮ܿأط
ҶһӵʱڣҲ
֮⣬ڵԼλʿû뿪ǰһ̽ԲҰܶգǣϹżľ޴ȴ˭Ը
۲ݣԼΪһ˭ȥðն۲ֹʱ򣬺Ȼһ󷨣ͽһͨġ˾ȵȥоͻʱʱң޻˵
̫£ȫԼ
߰ɡţЩ˺Ȼʧҵȡأ֮ĺûᡣȴû룬żģûֻܴܿظˡ
һһ뿪ˣһ󣬾ЩŬһµɣҲ޿κε뿪ټĻȪ·ؾ֮УյģҲûʿڡ
Ȼ˸ŮޣȻ
ţҶûܹϹżʻ֮ˣȻ
Ӧòд¹ţɳͷӦ֪ҶдԵҲĵȴôꡭҵõǣѧ֮ǧεδȴûһΣܱһθҿԿ϶Ҷܹɹһδ٣ջϹż,
˶٣ɳ˵ҪտͺˣֻƾҶ֮Ĺϵ»Ѵöٱ
꣬еǧʿʱɳǣɳóľ֮Ѿ֪ǸƾߵСӣҶɡҶɣ㺵Ǹʿ
ԡ顱֣Ҷ֮ĹϵܴҶֵһõһЩϹżеıɳļƻֻϧִȥˡȻΪһ֮ţҲǿһʿȥ顣
ڵϣȫϡǣɳ֪ƾȥҶ֮ôϵǺնġֻڤڤ֮УһЩ顣ԣŰ˹ץסƮδеһ߻ᡣ
ǿݣҲ֪δ״ǣֻҪ֪ټܵƴпնԵ
ǣɳ˵ʱҲӦģȥҶɵ岻ݴǡֻҪҶɳݶ飬;Բ᲻¹
ҲߵһģɳȻЦδ˷룬ҡڲġǸ߽ˣҲóοΪ˵ģֻЩԣҲùڷϡ
ס˵ͷסڲԡ
δൽֻеȷʱ򣬷ŻֳҪ飬δ󷨡
ڣѾ໯ǿ߳Թˣȫֻܾɥ뿪Ҳܴƿ󷨣ԼҪȥҶɣҲȫûлᡣ
һţʩΪֻɳӴһͨɢɫâ״
һû뵽žȻ
ڽ֪ɳһǡǣȴûһ֪ɳһ
ǵһ֪֮µˡҲǵһ֪Ƶˡ

376.ĺĳӣ
376.ĺĳӣ
ɳ˻ʱ򣬹ŮҶ֮׷ɱսҲѾӽβ
һĲͣϢķɶݣҶɵķΪԾڲϵһĽ죬Ѿɹ˶һתﵽ˶ת㾳硣Ψһÿϧǣһǰ˵˾仰󣬾ҲûпԼ񽣣֪֪ǬԪ֮㣬ȴҲûκλᡣ
һĲͣϢ׷ùŮǬԪ֮øӴ졣һ֮ǰոǬԪ֮ʱûܵһʱ䣬Ҷɸ׺ɱһĽ죬ǳŵΪֻҪܹһҶ֮ľ룬ԼܺĽҶɸûɢκοԣ
Ψһ⣬βҶ֮ľ룿
һǰŮڳڴ֮Ҷ֮ļ࣬ҡ׷ɱһ꣬ǵûСӵ˽ʮ
Ҷɲ֪ͨĴʲôط£ʹһƬܹʶĹŹӳȥˡ
ŮҲùƣҶյһ֮СǣκιƣҶһۿǣԼҶɵĹƣҶ֮ľ롣
ΨƬܲ󷨣ܽСӸΧ
Ӫ
ɳƾŻڽ뵽ʱʱͱǰ׳۾ˡ
⣬ô󷨣˭ģ
ۿȥ͸֮ļ϶ԶȥֻᱻԶڱΡ
ɳα任λܿ󷨡
ɳʹûһ󷨴Խȥǰֵģ಻󷨣
ˣҲҪΪԼǱþˡϾôӴ˶󷨣ʵ̫˼顣
ǣɳлֻ֡Ҫ㹻ķռľ󣬾ֳ֮ˣɳܹʮֿ϶жϳЩȫʵڣް٣
ǲʲôˣЩΧҶɣҲɴ˫ۣ˵
һɳȻ˵ǼӿٶȣϿҵҶɣֻҪܴоҶɣҶɾͻǷһ飡
ǣɳ֮ʱңԶĵطһصӹ֮
ĺĳӣɳɫ䣬˭ܹʩչϹ
ĺĳӣǵһ˵ģ֪϶ͬѰţȻǴǱߴģǾ͸Ͽȥˣ
ˡɳɫصҡҡͷĺһˡһ죬֣ѧħ֮Ҳĺĳֵʱգ,
ǡ
һУֻܿҶԼ㲻Ҫ˵ٺúһ
˵ţɳּһ
ǣ
ҲɳصʹǣϸʱĺĳֵʱҶŮʱһ֮ٴν֣
ҶɣҿӣŮĿļȵĺĳֵռ䣬ܳƣֻҪҪ޾ŭ𣡡
Ҳ˵ұɱˣȻĺĳҶȴһɣɷѿģô󷨣֮ľ롣û뵽ʩչģȻķ
ɳɫϹҶɵȻɳһ֪һζ
ʱ˿̣ɳںңԶĵطȻҶɵⷬۡŮˣȴҲ⡣
ҶɶѾԹ˺üδʱգﻹСҶɡ
ʶ֮УһֿԷԾ˳ܿ죬Ůеһֿܡ
ĺĳӣǵܹҲܷң׼ʲôƴĴУҪͬھ𣿡
ԱͬھΪֶΣʿǹõļ¾ֵȼĽ⼿Ҳܹͬá
ţŮһһдȥжԷҶͻȻáͬھİ취ƿԼһ֮زز
ߣֻҪȴ򣬳ܽ㳹ɱ
ȴĹŮҶҲɵõ̾һ䣺ıƣȻǴδζЧİҲֶΣþ¹Ů
Ů²ҶɵȷǴˡͬھ˼ֶμˣνġĺĳӡôҲֹԼ뿪
ǣһһһһ죬ŮĹҲһ½һ£ɵģԼҲͬھĻᡣ
ΨʹһУ
֮ע룡׶죬𣡡
ʱ䣬ɫ䣡
377.׶죡
377.׶죡
׶֮
һ׷սεʹ׶죬ڣҶν֮ںϽ׶֮С
ֻǶñ巨ǿķҲûʿ˵׷ɱֻܹں֮񼶷ǵƾ֮ʯ˵⻹ԴķΪȷҲ
׷˼ϹŴܣ֮Զ
֮ϲ¥
⣬ˮעҶɵ壬ȻһУоҶɵ塣һо٣ƻûǰҶʩչ׶ʱǰǣо֮һҶɵξͷ·һʱյУһʱգҲȫ
ˮˮҶɹЦŮŮҵҪĺĳӣܲܳһʱգ
˵֮䣬ղŻڳܹŮĹòҶɣһӣ˹Ůƿأ
ܣĺĳӲôƵģŮŭ߳һβϡ
ŮٶȺܿ죬ǣҶɵٶȸ죡
һɲǣҶɻҪ赲һ¹Ůķ
ڶɲǣҶɾֻҪ赭дĸһ
ɲǣŮһ񼶷ޡ˸ա
ĸɲǣŮȻ߸Զĵطȥȴ˸գ
ôô죿ܣܻô죡
ԼԤж˿գĿҶһӾʮ߿գŮɵþĴ
Ϊʲôܣ߿֮УҶɵȻ΢ЦһָʮɲǣһɲǾŰŽٶȡŸո𲽡㣬Ůһĵʯ
ʲôٶȣŽٶȣ
ֱҶʩչ׶죬ŻȻ֣ȥԼٶȵ˽⣬Ƕôķǳ
ң뵱꣬Լϸûָ㡣ϸ֮УƼԼԪķɶٶȣ;ȵòˡ
֮󣬵Լʶ-޴ս֪ԪɶҲûʲôϡġԪӤǿߣ־ܽɶԪ
ٺϰý֮֮ӽùʱ֮Ҷɶٶȵʶ̡ʱΪʱеļԾٶȵСǺҲ˻ʿ˲֮
ǣֱڣҶʩչ׶ʱףȥЩνġٶȡֻСѧ
ʲôٶȣɲ֮䣬Ϳ죬Ҿңٶȵ𲽣ٶȲŸո𲽰У踶ǧ򱶵Ŭ
׶һǵҶɳװ˹ŮĹңҶɵ־ι̣ľΪһ˼ߵĵز,
ֻһľΪ֮
Ů֪⼸ɲ֮䣬ҶɵľΪȻ˾˵ĽҶɵ֮ԣɵŭЦ
ǺЦٶȿΣҾҪףٶٿ죬Ҳϲ̨棡
ʮϹ˼ĹŮսҲǷḻ쳣
һǰոռЩӵľ飬һʱ仹ȫ̸磬ԲűҶڲƭ
һһ׷սҶɽ࣬ŮҲضá٣ս鷽棬ԶԶҶɣ
оٶȣϽ⣡
ĺĳӣ͵֣ҷ⣡
ʱ䣬ϵϣʱգԼؽ
ңԶĵطδɳɵ۵һӣ³һѪ
ţôˣ״󾪣һ߼æѯʣһ߼ŵĴ
𷨱û˭͵Ϯɳ˰֣԰׵ɫָֻܿҵݣ⵽ĺĳӵķɣǱϾˣҵΪҲԶԶĺĳӲãȻһҸ֧Ųס
ֻݣ⵽ɣʧɫɵ˵ˣԸȥô֣ܲæ
ǣֻܾ䡣ɳ̾˿δ˷ģ֣Ҳֻšòڴ˵ء
ɳ̾һʱҶɱĺĳӺ
ƻ˱仯Ҷɾȵգգۡ
ԸղŵĸоԼ׶һӦÿͻĺĳӡʱԼ׶ٶȣӣǷɱŮԼѡˡ
ȴû룬ĺĳӾȻ򱶡ȻԼڱصõ֮ƣȻ赲
·Ů
֪˰ɣҶɣǿҵūһһҶҪ㳢һϹķٻ֮
ɱҶɣȻܹնħǣܹҶɱΪūͣԼľΪ
ū࣡ҶһЦĺĳӣȻȡҵŮū
ɣӰáǼ׷ɱĹŮ;ǰһҶɾѾ֪ȥ
378.ǿգ
378.ǿգ
ԽǸߵȼĶԿԽǻԴҪʱͻȻ
ŮȻ֪Ҷɵ׶죬ǰǰˮ׼ǣҲû뵽ҶɺȻ֮ʱȻֲⷬģ
ǰĺĳӸѹڣȻûκӹܹ֮ϣѾ˳ȥٶȣһٶȣ
ŮĹţȻãԼ׵֮һ֮ܣʩչĺĳӣҲסҶɣ
Ůոչʱ
䣡
ӹУȻ졣
ҶɾȻɱ˻Ҫ棬ĺĳӽ״ݻ٣
һʱ䣬ȻɳزΪΪ
һǰԼʩչһƣҶ޷Ҷɻ籩֮С
ֻһʱ䣬ԼǬԪ֮ʩչĺĳͼ˶ס׺ƣǵûסҶɣȻ⵽ķɱ
Ѿһﲼش󣬺ڵҲûиȥһ絽׸ôߡŮ˼ȻѳɣĺĳӶ޷ԸǣֻҪȴսвգʤģضң
ڵĹŮѲһǰ
ŮʵСҶɣçײĺķһڶԪ۳˹ʥսìǵֶΣȴֻøӰڲƭ³
ڣ֪ԼħĹŮ֪ҶѾǿ˵ĹŮ˼ԽԽȣľԽԽֻ̡Ҫܻɱ߽ҶɣͻƵ֮ʱ¾һԾΪǰڣ
СӶҲδһξõĻᣡѹ֮£ܼǱҾСȥȻѹϹʮ˵ļ䣡
ŮĲƸϹʮ˼䡣
ÿһϹˣȱҪǿÿһļ䣬ҲӵŮʱȥաһľޣҲһܹȫһϹ˵ļ䣡
ѹΨо޴ѹܼӿյٶȣ
һʱ䣬ܹĺĳȼ񼶽ơһ꣬꣬ꡭնٸֶΣ
ˣҶɵ׶죬ŮҲƽˡ
һӣŮȥĺĳӡȻʧȥ˹ĶҶɣʮ֮ĿռŮңԡ
ҶɣŮȻȵҲʲôˣҲҸĶһ
Ｗң
ҶɲɵЦŮôСͲҪǰ԰ˡߣҲǿ߶սʲôƨʤΪ,
ԭǸвһĵСŮɫղŲ˵ҪŮūôȴҪˣ
ҶɴЦҪŮūǣȴû˵ʲôʱ򡣹ŮͲ˷ѿˣĵģ㵱Ůūɣ
ԴηĲ
ҶɷЦţһŮҲҲ䡣
ģôľΪֱǿˣŮԺ޵
ŮղⷬＷңţľӰΪҶɵĶ־úøҶƴһȻ󣬽ҶɵӿϹ˼ںϡաȴû룬ҶȫЩŵӰ죬˵߾ˣԼߵϢ޷ץס
û취׷٣
Ůüͷ壬ϵĸԶ๵ͨҪͨЩ󷨣ҵҶɵ䡣ǡ
׺
һĽ⣬Ȼ֮м̶ֱָŮѨ
ʱ䣬ɷŮ;ã˾ͺ˶һ㣬ȫ޷ˣ
ã
Ůܣֻܾ㻤巨ţӲͻմɱ
ꡭ
壬Ѫ緢ֻһŮش
ǣҲͽһֶˡĹͷŮȻͳһ񼶶ݷ
ǹΣ
ѪһشǹҲ̶֮ɲǣҶɾͷ֣ǰǹ㡣ŮղڵģССɿռ֮ڣȻݻ޾Ĺǿգ
棡
֪ǿǻãǣҶȴȫ࿴ۣȻ;ã˵飬Ҫǿոûȥ
Ҷɲɵðһ
֪ǹŮıͶûǿ֮СǣҶƫƫ֪һôδڣٶ࿴Ƭǿգ̾ͳˡ
ߣûţ
ǹ⣬Ҷɲ֮䣬Ҷɾ;ԼҲƬǹ֮УԼϵȻһӾͶˣ
ŮһЦģǿյһͷȻ379.ȭ
379.ȭ
ȻҶ΢΢˵ͷǶݷҲƷ񼶷ɡ
Ƿ󷨣Ǹ౦ֳɾƷ
ƷƷƷƷƷƷƷƷʥƷ
Ҷɵı׾Լ޾ڰҲƷ󷨶ѡŮĹĴҲƷ󷨡ǹŮҶɵİ㣬ǹĴ󲻿ױơ
ĺĳӣ¾Ʒ񼶽ˡȻŮΪԶԶǣɱһˣҲǴ´ࡣҶɳ׶УҲ״
ڣǹ⣬ȥ˹ŮıסҶɣƷ϶ĺĳ֮£
ǾƷ񼶷ŮҲ˵Ҫлˣһ£ҵʱȥ򣡡
ǺǣǾίΪūúøлһɡ
ȻǿգǣҶȴη塣ǿڵЦ̬
Ůüⲻı壿
Ѿ侲ĹŮеļ㣬ҲѸܿ͡죬ҶΪʲô֡
ҶɺǺЦģһ߷Ҳ˷ѡɣ㻹ʩչʲôУ
˵ţҶһһ֮ң
ҶһѸ͵ˣŮתҲǿݵױȡʲôģ˾뿪Ҷһ
ԶҲҶ߳ȥһҲͺһǿĺ󣬸Ϳͷ
ǾƷ񼶷Ҷûм׷𣬶פȵ̾ǶҲһ˿ζĲ
֪СкöҶ֪Ůɵõü
ڻȪ·Уɫ˶Ҷɺܾá󣬰вȵҶǰһ·ϸҶʦѵģ̸֮УҲ֪Ҷɲ¡
ǣ֮Ǳص¡ºȫ֪ûϵҶɾȻʹ֮ʯͱ֪Ĵڡ
Ȼ֪򣬾Ӧףֻһ˿ζҲƽģŮ˵ҪƴȻѰҵ㣬ܣ
ģҶ۶Ϸʣһ˿ζǣⲻԼͣ
һһ಻ٵģþͿ絽˹Ůʮ֮أ
֮ɫٴڹŮϸ֡
ٴˣѾٴˣСҴʧɫ
ȭȥ
䣡,
һŮϵĺ˰ȭ
ȭԶߵɳˣҲо𶯣ڲ
찡⻹ǻʿ֮𣿣촽ѲɣҶѾ޳ˣѲɣڸһ˶
ɳϾɳΪϹĴţļʶߵöࡣ
ûнֻ֮һֻ֮ѡһλӦҲƵΪɳ˵оƺ¹ǼλڻҪ£Ѿ֮ͨĵ·ϣ߳ȥ˺ԶԶ
ɳжϵûҶɣǹŮѾ֮ͨ᫵·ϣ߳ȥ˺ԶԶֻ֮ڣҶֻǿ֮ţŮȴӵзḻģԽһŵľ飡
ãȭٶȥò˼꣬Ҿߵŵǰ棡ȻֻҪܽҶɣնħܴԽšȻٿһԾΪļˣߣЩˣϴ˲ӣɱɣ
ȭһҶɵķȫ޷ֿģƬȻҶԶ۳˷ǣ߷ѾԶԶϸղˡ
ʲôƷȭ
ȻпֲȭҶȴһ㣬ͲʲôΣաѯʵĿƵģ񼶸ֵŭ
ǣŮȴҶѵˣϰҶɵ
ǿľΪŮʣľΪѾվ֮ıԵԲԣ
ûҶɵ˵ͷҲҪл㣬ֶΣҵľΪҲ˳̶ȡ
ԭˣԭˡŮɵÿЦҪѹߣҲͬҪҵѹߡǾһõĴиʤһƷȭȭȥɣ
䣡
ŮڶʩչȭʱƱȸղŻҪǧһΣҶɵķûüɢӶݣͱŮȭ׻380.ֻ񽣣
380.ֻ񽣣
Ȼƾһ߷û취İ
Ҷһ߷ֻܳر߳ɵǺһȭ֮ǱȥҲҪóȫˡ
ǴиǿҸȻǴиǿˣ
ҶɴӲԴȻ֪Լر򣬱ѰʿöࡣǣʮϹȣԼȻǲԶˣܼ
Ҳɱﵣ򣬾ֻܲϵʩչ׶죬ȥѰͨһͨˡ
ԭ·أҪͨ󷨡ֻҪԼһ󣬹Ůʱͻ׷ɱ
溣һߵͨ·ƺŮû󷨷Ҷ֪ͨһͨڳ溣ΧһƬ׶ٶȥѰңҲĹ򣬾ҵ֮ͨڡ
Ҷɻɱﵣ򲻵ѣԲηսǱӣ
һ񽣣ڼ˳
񽣰񽣣ⶼһȥˣôǲһأ߳߳Ҷָһ£üǾҪͷˣǸŮȻһӾ־Ʒ񼶼ܣ񽣰񽣣㻹֨һôָһԽ򰡡
һʱҶһ߷ɶݣ׶죬Ҳһ߲ϵĸ񽣹ͨǣʲô취û취񽣶˵һ仰
һΣҶҲûЧ㣬˵ⷬԺ󣬾ͰһЩ󷨣úø񽣡̸һ¡ȴû룬Լ䣬񽣾Ȼ֨ˡ
С˵ĵǼ򵥣Ϊ߼˵ľӡôƽİҲӵֻ֮ھӡױ֮ǰ˵һ仰ûܣ
ԭĺ߼ˡҶɾ̾һ
˾ż˼Լ֪ˣĺˡҶɾ̾ģĺͣǹŮõĴСʮܹ߼ĺ࿹ĴڣǼˣ
ʶƷ׷ףҶ̾͸ŽҪʵҪôܳ׷ʵ
Լɱﵣ񽣡ֻҪܹ׷񽣵Ůжͣһն֮
û룬ȴһӾͿҶɵ˼֮Աǵ޵ֻ֮ǴֻصĿˡܹ׷ҵʵҲϲܻɱǸŮ
ޡֻ֮
ʲôֻ֮ҲۣһҲȫ߸Ҷɵʶ
֮ʯǰ顣˵Լָֻܻȴ޷Ҷӵ˳ԽʵǼΪ֮ʯһʵ
飬Ȼǣǣȴ޷ôܻ,
Ȼ䣬Ҷɻһǰ˵Ļʲô
ѵбΪǿĴڣĺȻ񽣣ȻܻĴڣ
˭˵ĺģҶɵĸ̾񽣺ĸһֻ񽣣ǳԽ˵ĴġССһĺܹó
Խ˵ĴڣҶɳԾС
˵ĸϣܳΪԽ˵ĴڡĸܹɱԸǣ𣬶ڳԽ˵ĴڣҲɲꡣֻ֪ǰڣΪģҲǷ־ܻɱɰǧżˣ־ôﵽͲ֪ʵϣǱ飬Ҳ֪
֮ûдﵽͲҪøԶĹЩˡֻ񽣳ȵѾӵ˴ﵽ־Ǳ޳ֻ֮ϣˡһúķͻĺľӡ˵ⷬ۰ֻ֮ȥ֮һ˯
ιι˵ֻ񽣣ȱ˯㻹ûиңӦôɱǹŮ
ʲô磬ʲôӡʲôֻ֮ЩԺʺˣ֮Ҫ֪ôɱŮ
ٺ٣㲻ŮūŮǰ͹̵ģǴʡҪܹץ¯ȷʵˣҾٺķһЩһɡһҪǧˡһɢ֮أ
ֻһ󣬾пԼɢǺεȾ˵ķţ
Ҷɫһ࣬Ͻӿ¡ϥأ
ֻֻ񽣺һââǴɫҶɵļҲֻнں⼫֮УҶɲܸõĿٽܡ
ңܵѹҲС
ȻˣһâδûҶɵʱ;ѹݺݵѹסԼʶԭϸ֮еĶԪӤҲȻҲ
ֲ̫ˣܿס𣿡
֮Ȼֲ˹
381.һӰֻأ
381.һӰֻأ
ֻһ˲ǵûڡ
ʱҶɾ͸оɽһѹԪӤѾ΢΢˲û֮ʱҶɶʱ;ãϸҪѣ
ϸƣԪӤԪӤɽն
һɲǵͷҶϸѵĺ
֮У̲żΪֲĽ塣Բ⽣֮ϸҾҪɢ֮ˣ
һɲǵͷҶʧܵĺһɲǣԪӤ֮У֮ӿ
Ǹ磡Ҷɲɵþϲӡ
ƴȫȹϸաȴû룬ûԼУѾʼ¹֮˲ʱ䣬ͰһҪѵϸռ䣬ǹ
ٺ٣ҹȻûжϴСǱʲĺǿҵδͼˣ
Ҷϸռ䣬ʼϽһֻ̣ջһ˿һνǱ֮С
ʱ˿̣ҪٵϸѵҶɣĳȥһеϽˡ
һķţȻֻǴ֮Ϳֲⷬģ϶˾ƷѵǾƷƷǻƷ
һ뵽ԼյǿҲֻƷѣҶɾͶɱŰŵϽءס񣬼óȫס뵽һ֮С
һ޷Ӵռ䣬浽ĵâҶУֻ̩ͨǸоʵ̫
ֻ񽣹ȻдͨȶΪҹһռ䣬Ҿȫ澲һ죬ֵܹһ꣡
ҶһϸţһϸĴܵĿռ䡣
ҶҲ֪һռ䲢ܳôڡԼһϽ֮һռͻȻȻʧǣҶֻ֪ͬ񽣻ԶԶûʩչԼǿֻ񽣻ָյٹ⣬˵һȹ̵Ŀռ䡣£Ǳǿǧ򱶵ȹ̿ռ䣬Ҳһܹó
һ⴦ռ֮Ҷɽüͷ֣ʱҴѹֲ߽棬ѹǵûӣмơѵѾϽˣ
һתκջҶɸԻˡ
ߣȥ
ԭҶɵռڵѹ̫ԣ֮󣬾һֱڿռıԵǻԼΪðʲôӡЩأߵѹ𽥼ϽӰԼûпҲֻܴȥ׷ѰϽķˡ,
ʵĲҶɲϵĳռͦϢ֮ڿ˶ߡ
ԭѹڼ
Ҷɵǰٶȣѹٶʱ˸ԭ
Ͻ϶ҪѹȫչʾܡҼǰȻԿıΡǣȴû취ռܡҷŲѹ۳ɵ㡣㲻ãһᱻ˲𣡡
һξ
·ϣǾѡĳһ·;Լδޡ
ФȻҲһֻ̤֮ǿߡǣȴǸС΢֮ˡΪҶɣȴΪԭûҶ֡ˣȻԺҲл׵֮ǣǱҲ͵Ϊֹˣ޲жôߡ
ɽǡǡ෴Ű裬ĿһСΪԼƿ£ΪκսѲԼνۡɽ֮ˣȻҲӢţȴɳ
Ҷȴ˶ͬƴʱȥƴˣСʱҲȥá֮䣬磬ǿ߷緶
㣬ʯһ㣬ʶзŶܿ죬ҶɾͽԼǰٶȣȶһʵĳ̶ȡ
ʱֻ񽣻һ˿ڴ˵Ļ϶ᱻҶɵľ׼жϣ˵
Ҫ֪Ҷ˵һδޱȡǣֻ˵ֻԼ͹ȣҾ󲿷ֻӡ˵ʱԼ㴫һš
ֻ񽣱ţҶֻѧƤëҲ㹻ʰŮˡڸ߸ǿķţҶõĺŲأƽĺľӡ֮Լٻʱ䣬̵ҶҲ١
ȴû룬һĴȻҶץס
һӰֻأ
ҶڵִռʱһƳֳȵب֮ʱҶɵ飡
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382.ֲ⣬ֻؽ
һҶƳ֮ɢȥ֮Ҷɵһͱһ޷ܵ͵һӣռĵشȻֻһ˽ȥǣҶȴ·ãԼľѾȫ뵽
Ҷɻζͨ쳹صֶΣͱǰľˣ
һ޴ÿԳصľ޽Ĵ͸ĹϢͺ޽ǰѾڴˡ
ʱմңȻʱմңֻ͸¶ϢȻͻҲʱմҵĸо
ӵоʡ֮壬ܹԼʱմѣ˵С
ǣȻʱձѣȴҲǸʱգߵҡǰһԳصľ޴壬ƾϢѾҶɲʱմ֮У
ֲǣһֱľҶɣ֪޽Ͳڣ
ֻǽѣʵڵĽ壬ֻὫʱգҳʲôģ
Ҷʶ˸ӺȻʵ
ֻ˵ڴ͹ȡƳĺľӡҲܻɱŮ⽣⣬ֻ͹ڣұӡӡ£ҵݻ£Ȼ˹ֻȥ˷ӡ׻ֲָֻεȳ̶ȣ
ʣֻ񽣳׻ָˡôֻ͸һ㽣⣬˲ɱͬԼĴڣ
ֲ̫ˣϸϵЩƣ״ʲô壡
ҶɼҪϸȥǽһӻơѾϵЩӻƣֻ񽣴㴫ڸԼϽ
ǣҶɵļĿ⣬ŸոսӴһӻƵĿˣ;ʶ֮
ϲб
ŭа
л֣а
ٻƶʵ
ϲǹ⻪
̶ֻɲǵʱ䣬Ҷɾͷ·ֻءԵģͺһӾǧľӦҶɵı仯һӱɫ
ֻ֮
ɲǵʱҶʱһС
ǽҵǣҲһ˿ֻ֮һ˿ֻ֮۳һͨ޽Ľ⣡
ҶҲ׹ΪʲôԼո̤Ƭռʱ⽣Ⲣû̿ʼΪһ˿ֻ֮ԶԶڽ֮ϣ۳ЩӵĻơ
ûЩƣ޷ԽǷ࣬ԽջĽ⾳Խۺ񣡡,
ҶңԼûΪǰϸٱηѹԼѹľۼҴҵĸϵ£Ҳֻ۳ģĹӻơȻƾĹӻƣԼҲһܹܹŮǣ˵ĴԵͲ֪ʲôʱһλˡ
תҶ˺ܶܶࡣһӻƵʼʻѾջ࣬Խ˳ȥŮնɱһǧһˡ
ֻҪҰѹŮץ¯һΪֻĶȤζڿѧ⽣ܲĽ壬ܹŮֱСһ
Ů޵¯аϲġҶڵΪ¹Ů¯£κҲ÷κ鵤޾ѪķΪܹٳתһתֱﻯ۷壡
Ҳаޣóֲɲš˹ŮҲһܹջ࣡
һʱ䣬Ҷɾ
Ů֮ľսڿи˶ˣ
һδǵӻơӿ⾳Ҷɵʶ
̫ˣ̫ǿˣѾô໯޵ľѪӡô໯޵飬Ҳֲһ⾳
⽣棬˶ٵĹӻƣҶһӻϵ⾳֮Ŀɨһͨ޽Ľ
ǧ̫ˣôĽ⣬ʲôʱȫգ
ղղǵӵĻƣҶɾѾȥʮʱ䡣ҪǧӻƵ⾳ȫ򣬲ϳǿֻؽҪʱ䣡
ʱ䣡ҶǿҵĸоԼȱģǴѴѵʱ䣡
ȻԼھŮԶҲ˱ϢǣǰңǹŮȫǹŮ۾
ǹŮҲͬڲաʮϹ˵ļ䡣Լóһ׵İ취ûԼѧٽ⣬ݻǿֻؽ󡣿£ǹŮѾɱˣ
Ҫ֮߾ͺˡ
а֮ǵͼ˶޷ֵĴڡǹŮôͣϾǰʩչ񼶷ҲͲҳ֮
ֻϧΪ˱ԼѾººЯ֮صңԶϻС
ʱ˵أֻԼ

383.
383.
£
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ȻҶ˵ҲҪðһЩաǶݵصĺۼŮˣͷϲɱȲƽɱһֱ뵽صȥԼɾҪˡ
ðЩգջ⾪˵ջԣССķգ㲻ʲô
Ҷɵ־֮ᶨ£ǱӢţҲûĸͬʿܱȵֻĶãֻɨһ󷨣ٿһӣ˵ص
󡭡
ŮѰҶ޹ֻͨһĴͷ󴦣Ҳ󷨡ԼػһƬѴأǷֹҶɱǹҲҪһ£Լûпʹ
ͬʱѾսսģʱɳڳһ
ˣҶɿٵؾˡ׷ɱλܣҲѾٵǱޣǿһˡ
ҲڽģǵǱӡԻ޵ķҲûõš
ʱʱ̶̿ĴͷĸоѹأʱдĸоҲͬĥ־
ԭľն㺵һ̣ͻͽ˻֮ĥľΪǸ߸ͽһֱ˻۷壡
Ǹô죿ʵ
ɳ΢΢ЦľΪԽԽǿˣҲˡܹúþ޼꣬ķΪҲܿܿԳ֮
¹ʿ֮һرǣоǿ޷õԪӤʿʱھΪһε¹šʱδɳڣΪҪǧʱ䣬񾳽硣ȴû룬̶ֻ̰ʱ䣬һٽ׿ڤŻǵһΪ˾˵ĲƸǽľΪһ˻۷壡
飬۷ˡľΪѸߣΪҲ˳˳ˮҪ̫ʱ䣬ܹһٽ׵֮
ĽٶȣֻϹʱڵʿӵСңÿһϹʿٶȡúһ˳ɹݳһ٣ع֮Ҿͽ֮λ㣡,
ţ㻹ᣬҡ
ǺǣѾˡɳ˰֣һǧ£ѾȥһԪڽʱٻͻƣ£ⱲӾֻ֮ͣŵǰ棬µţҷˡ
ǹŮ֮䣬ȼһڶԪǿɳȴֻԪûʲô£ֻ֮ϡ
ĵ˵ͷ֪ΪʲôƴҲҪ硣ִڣҲǻ˺ܳܳʱ䣬̤һĿֲ簡Ϊȥƴƴһƴ¹֮󣬵һǿߣ
ʵҶɺγƴأ꣬Ҹʶʱ򣬻ԶûŵһָͷڣȻѾɳΪŶɵĿֲڣ
ҵĽٶʲôҶȣʲôǣҺô˰˰꣬¹ЩĴ
ҶأССϻһɢޡʲôľһ֡ƴҲҪƴҪһεգƴԼĹδ
ͷԺˮʹɳһϥ£ʼĿ޵ʱͷͻ۳һɹǿעҪ
ʲô
δʼķ֣һɹɾ˵׷Դʱ򣬾Ȼ֣ЩȫԼǿ
ת˿ֲãҲҪҪϴҵ⣬ͨ
ټʱͱ鲼ʶÿתһɹӿʱµǿ˽;ã̾Լʶ֮еƺϢԶΪԼṩԴԴϵ
һûĴ򣬵ԽԽʱ򣬵ģ͵ģûκɫĵ֮⣬߽˳һֱԶɳȻ384.
384.
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ȥķΪֻͣڶ۷壬ԼԶɳϢ֮ԥԥİ˼ѲɣѾԼ򣿿ǣȴûκεâʲôԭ򣿡
ǣ
һǿݹȥδشڡһǿԶصϹıһ𣬶ʱɳ쵽˻ߵعâ
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⣬ӦþǴ˵е֮
ɳ̺죬·𿴼ˣϹʱ¹ٹ⣬һ֮ҫ
ݴˡһ֮УͲҶɣ׽ҶɣҶҲ¹£һͳǬ
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ĿռҶն˫Ŀ΢աһµĹӻʶлʱƣģããʶ֮С
ãֲһ⣡
˫ȻֻĿ⣬ͼһһУþ޷ɢ
˫¶Ľ⾳֮зľ춯أ
һΧŨͻ۳һ߳߳뵽ҶɵС
һУͬ
ˣ
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һΣ֮Ǳݣһֺģֵģĥ졣ʱ䣬ͺʼ֮壬
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Ҷֻǻǰ̳һǣһγɵÿһ֮УͬʱһһģһĽ⣡
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գҶɾ;Ŀһʱͷ³ƴЦĳ嶯Ȼ
ǣǺܿͽⴴ֮ʱϲóƽոһ㲨ݣһλָ˹ž״̬֮С
Уٵأ
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һ̣ҶȻ
ÿһ磬ʵһ飡һ飬ľݣҰޡ֡ԭϹ֮Ҫӽӣ֮ҪֵԴʵΪ˲ϴ
Ŀ⾼ʱ˿̣Ҷɵ˫ۣͺԷͬһʱ֮Уͽסÿһ޴С
ŵпٵصļÿһ֮ϣʱͱָ³һ˶ԴԴϵڽ֮ϳ֡
ܿ죬Щ˶ͳһһСź룬еУȺģͬʱʧ

ôͬһʱ̱ҶɵľΪͿҪͻƽ֮ʱ˿̣ҲɵһҡҷЩѳֲס
⻹ֻǻ⻹ֻǴԭΣȻҾѾľȣ
Ҷɾ̾ţòջʶٿ
Ǳ۳߳߳ҲƬƬ⣬ʧһƬ֮С
ⳤɢЩõҲ˲ʱ鿪֮С
ʲôʱܹлΪʵҲѧϰ
Ҷӵɨһʣǧӻơ
ˣԼѾ˼ˡȻԼĹӻƣв㽣ϵʮ֮һǣЩ⣬ȴѾԼܹա
ܹѹȴܲĽ⣬ҵǱܴ󣬵ĿǰļޣҲǵΪֹˡȰЩӡԺΪˣҲ٣
ɵ壬һɢһƬ̣ͨ쳤
385.ٴζԵ
385.ٴζԵ
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СӣȻôĽ⣡
ֻ񽣣Ʈɢ̣һ۳ҶɵΣˣһΣʱû˰
ͻӡװֻ񽣺ǺЦҹţʱ䣬Ӧÿ԰ǹŮסˡû룬Ȼڲ󣡡
ǺǣǹŮҲǵõʮϹ˴еģҵȫİգźȥҶɵȻЦ
УϹɣֻ񽣵϶ڳҶɲмƲˣǹŮԣ˵Ǹʱ䣬Ǹʱ䣬ֻҪ˵һ⣬ҲԽ׻ܣأһ׳־ȻѾֻУ
ͬǬٵأνֻСνֻأѾѰֻأһֻأ
ÿһ磬һص顣ÿһؽζһֻء
ֶֻһεʱ䣬ǳǳݵģҲҪʮ
ǣֻҪѧֻУ֮䣬Խ£Եʮꡢǧֻء
֮Уֻ񽣵ƿȥҶ۳
ԼҲ˰Ҳǣ㶼ѧֻУʲôʢ֮ģǲڻ¡ãܺãҵֻ֮ļϡ⼫ҵİҲĺǿˣֻһ̾һϸ㡣
ڿľǵĻѾ㹻ֻȵܹ֮ˣҶɣǽǸŮĴʵ¯ʱ䣬֮ܽ
ֻǺεȵĴڣĺĺ󱲣
ټֻ֮˥ɰܣ˵ıϣǿߵ両һеһУֻһ룬ģһΡ
ֻһϢʱ䣬ٸѾĳֻ񽣵ǰٴεģ⣬ֻʮȷ죬ֻʱ䣬Ҷɾ֮ܽ
֮⣬ҶҲüȥȡĺŲˡ
ҶҲֻ񽣵Ļ֮⣬ֻ񽣶ͣҶɾ׹
ͨһʹҲҪؿ飬ȡĺŲأ
ûֻӦĺȻΪô֮ǲġҪȡŲأҪʮļ󷨡ҰæĺľӡҲѾֳ㣬ѶҲǲС,
׵֮ܲĽ⽣ƾ轣ȫԱֱĺŲأ
ãȥŮҶɵ˵ͷҲ¯һ᳹׽ļ䣬õĴСЩͳͳҲһԽ֮
ãֻ񽣹ЦҲ÷ӡʣĽˣִĺŲأϵǵӡȻȻľͽ⿪ˡʱѧʲôУͳͳ̸㣡
ĴЦţֻ񽣵ȥ
Ѵ֮ϣŮһ߾һƬʹְ
ʱ䣬Ůֲ־Ʒ񼶷ңһΪ˾֮ŷǳ֮ĵز
ǣŮȴԼĽչ
Ȼֻಫ̶ȵļǱŮҡͷ΢̾ҪһֱܸҶƴಫ»׷أܹľƷ񼶷Ҳֶֹѡ˵Ϊˣ㲻ãҾѾԳ֮
ҶС֪㵽ȥȥˡڵص£ϧĺ磬ҳΪˣҲ޷ƽ⡭ֻˣʮϹ˵ĴСҶôҲܰģ
Ůϵŵʱ򣬺Ȼɫһ
Ҷɳˣ
Ѹתһ󣬹ȻҶɫƽվһɽ֮ϡϵѹ
ȻǶ龳磡Сӣʱ䣬ͣڶ龳硣ƿˡŮĴЦӿɾˣôҲӳҵģ
ƿôͻơҶ֮ʱԼƥеľ磬ҲԶȥ
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮꡭҪ׷ɱ꣬Ҷһֱ׷ɱȥնħˣʵֻòϵ׷ɱȥֻҪܿϵ˥һܹնħ
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386.ն裡
㾹ȻߣŮ֮˲ƶʱޱȲõЦݣأҪҳȻ󣬽ҵѹѰͻƿĻɡ
ҶɲÿɷĿŹŮһƽ
ŮˬģҶһ顣ÿҶģʱ򣬾ͺԼһӡ
ʲôʲôҲҸң
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ҶɣһǺúõĶһɡžƷ񼶷Ʒһɺã
ǲõЦݣ˵ͺڸһ̸
Ҷڿ˵ˣʱ䣬΢һħ⡣
ŮӲˬˡ
ħΣǰһ׷ɱܣ
ǣһ֮ϣЦݸӵĲá
ǰô˼ҲЩߵġͺ˵֮УȻһδ..֮
ջ֮ȼǰǿ
ҶȴΪ˵ľƷ񼶷̫̫ʲôֶΣһʩչɡҲһ֮£ɢ㣬һô
ʲôŮֱԼĶ䣬̫ˣ
úúãҾͲٲ׾Ŷ
һ˫ĵУͺһǵͼ˿ˣҲⲻ˻ᱻＤסɲǵʱ䡣
һ˫޹ǵ֣𣬾ͺ޾˿ߣһ˫ӿһȫȫĸ桭
˿Ҷɣϣ㲻ҪʧŶҪһӾˡһҪúñһȣ˭ǿ
ɵЦݣɵǣȴѾ޷ɭɱ⣡
˭ǿҶȻʧЦʸұǿ𣿻ԶԶ̶ֳֻȣҲóа

ѾħһȻ
Ůȫ޷⣬ΪʲôƷ񼶷ҶɾȻ˵
úúãȻˣٿҵȭѾĳ̶Ȱɣ
Ц⣬ʧʧģֻޱ޼ʵɱ⡣ʱ䣬Ů;ãԼҶɸɱҲܽħն
úúãĺһδħʤˣҾͰҪѵūҪ㵱ҵһҪԶԶµҽָͷԶԶĻţԶԶĲܷ
ǲҶɵƽ͸˹Ů˻ߵȻȭҲֻ΢΢ҡͷɵı˿ĺĳأĹʥսìأʹɣϣǿһ棡,
ŮķζҪըˡ
оѾļޡҪ֪ܹڵΪͬʱʩչ񼶷ѾǺ˲õˡǹŮ츳ʮѨ֧־ƷͬʱʩչͲ̶ֳܱȡ
ǣ̶ֳȣҶɵȴǲ
ǱҶҲѾˣ˿籩ʩչȭ˼άϵ˿ŮҲʩչķ
ǣҶȴǾò
ⲻΪǿ֮󣬹ڰԴ󡣶ΪԼ޷׼ȷסִ硣
ûԼǲལ⡣ʹһ⣬СնҲܹŮɱ
ǣԼҪͻ֮ɱ˹ŮζţҪʱģȥĺ󷨣
ֻ񽣹Ȼӡ̫ݰҪʱ䣬ͻ֮ȴƫƫûмڵշԺĽŮߣɢȥ֮
Ϊ˸ŮսҶһνһΪŮµĳ̶ȡǣΪ˽ŮɱŮҶɲòССðһ·ա
Ůȴ⡣
䵽˶龳磿Ů΢΢һ㶣ĴЦҾ˵أ־Ʒ񼶷һˣҲӦԭ͸֧Բɡţ˿գ
ļ˿ߣϵĳҶɰȥղƾűǿ**Ҷɻ˿֮շתŲڣ龳ķΪȥ˿ȴΪˡ
Ӷ㲻˰ɣŮЦ
Ҷɱ˿סŮԽţⲢҶˣʲôıƣȷȷʵʵģѾ͸֧òˡ
ģһһģһԶԶļ
ȭȭ磬һЩŮȰҶɴֹǴѣȻΡ
ǣҲȭոձһɲǡļ֣һ㣬ڹŮĶߣȻը죡
ն387.˷Ͼ
387.˷Ͼ
ն裿ն󣿣ⲻܣŮ
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򣬵Ҷ籩ʱֻһնܹټ籩նڣֱӽնѣõţһֱȵҶмĺӡĺĳ֮󣬷ɢ˿ֲ籩
ֻ˲ԪӲͻĺľӡնĵҶҲڶ̶ʱ䣬һⷨš
Ҫ֪ĺĪԵֻʱѾǶˡ˵ĵʮʱ䣬ųײն󡣲һԾΪˡ
ҶôҲϲڶ̶ʱײն
˻ߵĴţŮҲʱˣΪʲôҶɻȻָ龳磡
ԭûгײնԭҪңԣŽ
ɣ޳ܣɫǣҶɣҪҵ¯ûţڽңҲʱѰһԱҾҲĶ¯
¯ҶҡҡͷҲ㵱¯һ㡣ҽ׵֮ҪĶ¯

һɲǵľ
һɲǵùŮ쵽ĪĿ־塣
ҪңȻҪңǧĵˣѵĴ֮壬Ȼ֮죬Ҫң
ƴˣ
ȼաʱ䣬ŮȻ˸ӽ֮ĵز
ħǿû׼նľ޴ѹŮܹȼΪۣʱ֮ǣȴֹֻ֮ŵ棬ĿŴֿɼȴţȥ
Ҳ㹻ˣŮҧݺݵնʲôƣƣƣ
һʱ䣬ųƲӰȻҲ֮𶯡ĽӰ׷ѣһն󣬾ȻҪƵˡ
ȻԶ龳磬ʩչն̫˰Ҷ̾˿
֪ͺãŮеҶɣȷĺҪǣֻնɱңԶң
𣿡
ȻһնۿžҪˣǣҶȴɫƽ
һУС
˷Ͼ
һըףڹŮ߱죡
ʲô˷Ͼ󣿲ܣƭ˵ģܣŮãѾˡ
˷Ͼĺʮʱ䣬ųײľ󣡵ĺײһʱѾ弶ˣ
ն󣬵˷ϾǿֲķԾм䣬ٵǿĽ󡣡,
갡ֻж̶̵ʱ䣡ѵҶɾѾֽ
ܣԲܣ
ɲ֮䣬ŮѾ䡰ܡǣĵȴڲ
޷ƵĲ
ѵܹ˷Ͼ
һɲǡ
Ůˣǰ˷Ͼ
·ӣ
£ԼܹͻƵ֮Ҳͻһֲ
£ԼҶԶ龳磬˷Ͼ©ࡣǣԼѾΪˣҲͻһֲĽ
ҶɣͨһŮڵء
ѾױˣҲҷҶѾΪ˿ֲĻԶ޷ԽĴڡ
Ը⵱¯ԸԶҶˡҪɱǧҪɱҰŮʹ飬ͷ
ǶôɹĶԼܻüüǧܾ꣬˸
ŮҶ˽֮ҲҪŮġЩˣĸûгǧŮ澣ҵòҶ˶ģҶ飬һ
֪ˣαصҶҡҡͷ
뵱꣬ԼŮ֮ĹϵʦѡյЩУԼͽŮơԺ󣬿ʼѡ
ǣ֮ģٵһС
ǰȥ֧ԮŮԼȻ⵽ŮİʱһоͶˡ֮ĹϵѾʦѣ˲졭
˷Ͼһ⣬Ůͽȥ
ױѹ
ܵ󷨣ŮȻѹˣЩ󶼻ڡԣЩ󷨣ǹŮñԪǹŮױˣЩҲɻȥ
Щ󷨱ʿһ磬Ҳᱻֲ
޳Ī⡣꣬ŮЩ󷨣ΪΧɱԼڣЩ󷨣ȴ˸ԼĴڡ
һΣҪһͻ֮
Ҳٱ任ص㣬Ҷһ֮Уʼ֮·388.ƿϣ
388.ƿϣ
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ǹŮѾѹҲһƴʱʱ̵̿ģŬ
ǣȴűȶ¯õһ档
ѱĹŮԷſģҶɲߢҲԽԼмչֳҶջʮϹ˵ĴСǣҶôҲܸƹŮľ顣
ǿӵеġ
УҲǿԲѻ꣬ѳġ
Ψо飬޷ƣ
飬ȴҶΪصĶ
ѧٵ⣬ֽЩΡҶջ͸ͨ콣һ˿ֻ֮޾ůϡ
һδֻ֮УҶɶԡ顱֮һ֣ԽԽࡣԽԽ࣬ԼҲԽԽٻҲԽԽŨɫԽԽ̡
͸ֻ֮鵽ʣֻٶѡչŮȫ飬֪Щ֮󣬶Լ⣬ֻʲô̶ȣ
޳ˣֻǿƿƳǵĿռѴͱ֮ززǣյĿ꣬Ҫ汱𱨳
δı˺ĸѾˡԼһҪ
չŮľ飬ɾ͸ǿˣҶɵĿġ
Ҫ֪Ůӵʮֲͬľʮ֣ʮϹˡʱȣٿԽꡣһ֣ڹŮԼģҲѾһ꣡
ʱľ飬ֻǺεȵķḻԼ˹ŮЩ飬Լ⣬ֻᱩʲô̶ȣ
δ׵֮ҶɾѾˣʺԼ֮·
ϵĽš
Ҷɣ㲻úҾҲҪһӣȻܿ˵ǣŮǽһɹݺݵҶײȥ
Ҷɶý֮һɹնɱһ֮
ĹҰɣĹҰɣһú÷İ㳢Ļζ
ݺݵ⣬һֱ˿İɳһɹ֮УŸʽ鰮ͷķҶĵ.
ģ˷Ͼ⣬һνһɹնɱ
ûֻ⾳Ҷɵ־֮ᶨҲ򲻿ܱŮȾʶһδֻ֮Ҷɵľˮ׼վŵż֮ϡ
֮ţ,
ֻҪţҶɾ򵽣ʲô֮һУҪΪԼľ׿֮š
Ȼվż֮ϣǣڵľ󣬻һƬʡͬԼԪӤ֮ڵǸһȻԼܹоĺƴ󣬵ǣȴСĵط
˲ٹŮľ飬ȥһķǵðѷΪͬȸ߶ȣĽ׵֮
һĲҶѾ˲ٹŮľ顣ǣľΪվż֮˿
һӣٵλ۷޵ľѪ˶ҶɲҪŮȡķΪҪУ޾ĺ֮

꣬Ҷתʱʱ䡣һΣҪɶתȻֻ˲һʱ䣡
һ֮󡭡
ɳǣһҵĶ
ʦ㣬Ҷɽ׻֮ˣʵ
Ϊɳļ֣òĿڣƺɳΪʦ㡣ɳӵ֮Լһʦ㣬ԼѾռ˺ܴıˡǽԼš㲻ãڤڤ֮е򣬾ͻĿۼԼ
ɳ˵ͷ˵ǽ׻֮ףѾǻʿˣ֪ﵽľ磿
֮ܲɡʱ˿̣ҲѾһֻ̤֮ףɾˣôס
ħ޵ķţҶɿԱ۷壬һֻ֮ǣܳ뵽֮ȥ
ǵȻɳ΢΢ЦĽٶȣҲֲܿˡݵֱ֪ӴӶ֮׵֮ڶ֮˺üΣʽ̤֮
һüΣЩ⡣
ɳЦкöϹŶˣĿľпܴڵƿҪ֪ǧѡ˷Ϊƿ֮⣬֮ʿƿֱ࣬Ǻ̺ʤһȽ׵һ֮ƿʣҪСöࡣ
Ҳ˵Ҷɺܿܳͨģֱӽ֮Ŀ֮УҾҪŬˣϣҲᱻ̫Զ
389.ƿ£
389.ƿ£
ʱ䣬ˮһȥûʲôоˣҶɾͷ֣ʱֹȥʮ꣡
ǰͻƻ֮һ꣬ҶѾʮꡣ
ŮˣԼʮϹˣ״֮ʧ
ҶɵһγһǿߣҲҶɵһֱӼȡ˵ľ顣Щӵľ飬Ļ۵Ҷɵʶ֮УҶɣһӾӵʮƳ顣
ûҶɻᡣȻѾûм㣬Լмˡǣ֪ЩĻʿȣԼʵ̫ᡣ
ǣͬʱҶȴκһʿҪḻľ飬ʣҪǿöࡣ
ŮȻջķᣡҶĵ˵ͷڣΪҲȽӽ֮ˣֻȷΪҲվǵżҾһͻ֮
Ԫľʿĸ
ʮǰľΪվǵżԪˮƽΪԪӤڵǴԵʣҲľͽ׵ż֮ϡ
ΨзΪôһ
ϧеĻޡ澫ѪȫҸԵˣô죿
ŮѾһաĻޡ澫ѪҲѾĴʲô鵤֮Ķʮ֮ǰѾҶͳͳԵˡԭװһֿռ䡣ֻʣһѶ޷ɵ޲ϣѻɽ
ΪԪӤеǸ磬θҲ̫˵㣬ǳһһ㰡Ҷɲҡͷ̾
ʵֻһͷ۷޵ľѪӦ㹻Ҷɻתˡɹɱ֮ҶɾǽľѪͳͳṩ˱ϣܹľѪȥ֮
ڣҶѾ˲֪ͷ޵ľѪֻ۷ڵģٳһǧ
οҶɻ˹ŮŮǻʵһֻ̤̲֮صķһͷ۷޻Ҫô໯޾Ѫ˹ŮԼȻûܽΪǵż֮ϣȫҪǸ硭̫޵׶˵㡣
Ҷҡͷ̾ʱֻһο˵ˡ
ֻһ˵ʮǰʱҶ˵С鷳õֻ񽣵ļʱָ㣬˳˳ˮĹȥﵽʱ䣬ҪƼꡣ
ҶѾʶֻȻĺľӡ⣬ǣÿһεĿڣǡԼԹؼҪʱ򡣶ÿһεָ㣬ҲǡôԼһ·˳
ǣֻһοʱҶȫעţҪֻ֪ʲô취Խǰ⡣,
ǡ
£ƿˡ
򵥵һ仰Ҷɫ䡣
ܰɣĿǾת֮֮£ӦûƿŶ԰
ֻϵ˵ˣڿڤڣѾƿأʤ
ľת֮Ӧһ·ƽֱ̹֮κ谭Ŷԡ
ѵ鴫Ź⣿
ת֮û⣬Լ⡣ֻ񽣳˵ԪӤ֮еǸ磬ĴԵҲĴϰǴûмĸʿӵġ㣬廹ǶʱѾĳˡ棬û׼ү̫ˣҪһƿɡҪ֮ѿ
㾹Ȼ֪ԪӤ֮и磿Ҷɲɵôʧɫ
ֻ񽣿ûԼǩʲôԼϸգҲӦÿ˵Ǹ磬ԪӤ֮У
ǺǣҵȻֻ֪ЦЦǸԵʣһû˵ء㵱ĺľӡģҾ㲻ϵĺķֻ֮ķҵԪҲϵĹ۲㡣һУΪǸĴڡҲΪĴڣҲϿ㣡
ԭҶɵͷöʣڶõ˽𣬡Ǹ絽ǸʲôڣȻܼ߼˵ľӡ
ƿΪԵʣô֪ʵòҲɽƿ
ֻһӾͿҶɵ˼ЦͲҪȥоˡ֪̫࣬Դԣδ޵ֻ֪ĴԵ
ֻ˵ҶҲûм׷ʡ
ѶĶȷʵǿߵÿʱֱӰնϣȥȷķ򣬰Ѹö˶˵ǿߣ÷ģֻҲ
ôô죿𣿡
ֻ֪񽣵Ļش쳣ɴ࣬Ҷ˵ˣû˵͵һѰЩԵɡҲţȻ֮ҵͻƵľˡ
Ҷɶʱ
390.δ֪Ĵͷϣ
390.δ֪Ĵͷϣ
ҶڵΪԪ϶ܳԹٵ鵤һʮģƲ⡣
ǣҶ˵ʱȴ쳣
ӽ뵽ʱѾȥ˿ʮꡣ˵Ĵڣһľ޽һֱҶɵͷ֪ʲôʱ֮ͻᱩ¶˵ʶ֮С
û֮ġֻҪΪûߵˣͲܷ֮Ĵڡ
ǣûвܵ顣
һ֮ʯʱ򣬳ʲôأֻҪĳϵʿ֮ܿ
һ֮ʲôŴţͳ嵽˷ƳǣЩɨ֮أ
Ҳǲܵ顣
Ҫ֪ĺ⴦ż¶ѾáǼ֪ٵ֮⣬Ҷɻûĸˣǰ̽ܡ
ģֻЩš
ٿЩŵأѵΪԾ˱ᣬȾָ˵ֱЦ
ǰ˭ã
ѲɣѾѾץȥ
һֱΪĿԣͳôҶɵĵסŬԼŬȥ顣ǣÿ΢ЩеʱΪֲĽ֣ͻҶɵͷһӰ
ݺݵ˦˦ͷҶһνӰѹȥ
ҪӿٶȣֱӽĺŲأǲܳƿҾȥ
ҪһԵҪĴȥѰĺĶû취Լôȥһң㲻ã飬н취
ȻֿԺСǣһ˼ģȴʹҶľѾѸչΣƬѵĴأ˲ƶȥ
֮ɳһֱ
ʮҲѾ׵˻ֻ֮ԶûҶǰҲûҶֺԴڵֻ׵ʿѡ
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һĹעߣɳһҶɵĶ
ΣһգҶɲǹؼ
ģģ֮Уһۣɳ˳
ҪϹżˣɳһ
ۣʵǴԤϡ
ǸʩչĺĳӵǿأѵҶѾɱˣ
ĺĳ֮ɳҲûиӦƵľսȥݣҲûκνۡ
Ҫܹ޸Ǿͺˣһܹʵɳεҡҡͷ
˵û޸ǵ챦УڵҲƴּѵĹ̡,
ȥһ
޷ݣֻȥ
ͺ񣬵ԼֻģģݳԼпһǣһĴ֮Լջ˵ڶ
ֳɳϵĴԽһһ󷨡֮䣬ƺãԼһεðգԼԶȡ򡱻Ҫ˵ջ
ĬĬĸɳĺ档ɳ죬Щ󷨸Լȥ·ԼһɣĴһ£û׼Կʲôص˿
˴Խɽ룬ط֮󣬺Ȼ֮䣬һ
ʦ㣬Ǳƺ״
Ŷɳͣĳָķȥ
ǱߣԼҪȥĵطݳĽҶڵķλǱԯޡǣɳҲҺĸо֮ǶĳЩΣĸ
Σ
Ǳߵľ˲ڻһһ˳ɳĿƶһҲŲơֻҪɳԸ⣬ֻһССɳҲ˲Ŵɱһ
ûʲô״̽ãɳҡҡͷ
ҲڸԶĵط˵ƺãǱǿѹ
ʶӡԶһѹͺѸӦõܹ˵֮ڶԻǲԣԼҲ޷ȷ
ɳǼһһҶɵδȻ󣬵ͷ˵ʱҶɻ뿪磬ȥǱ߿
˵գɳָʾķ򣬼ɶȥ
һɽһӣٱ˦󡣺ܿ죬һԶ·䴩Խһ󷨸׳ĳ󣬺Ȼ˵ǰ֡
ѹ֮391.δ֪Ĵͷ£
391.δ֪Ĵͷ£
ѹȻ۷̥Կһɵþ̾䶯Ǭ
Ҫ֪ѹǲܿġʶͱ⣬һжҪǿʶ֮ܡڣһʶͨԼʱӣȻ֣ԵȻ£ѹȻԼڵ۷̥ܿһ
ڣǲɳȥ
ѹѾʵʻ̶ֳȡǿڣԼΪ֮ƥеġΪߵɳҲǿֿһǣȴҲҪðķա
Ŀ⿴ȥɳһļ㡣֮УȻŵ˷֮⡣
Ƿɿ㣬ɳɫú
˷ܵĺ
ʦãдԵҵĴԵɳԴδйģ˵ĻԵӦûҶǱߡǾʹ˷ְɣҰѻãԼȥѰҶɡ
˵ţɳҪ͸
ʦ㣬ȱæȻ˵ȻʦĴԵʦõģܲһǿĴڣҲӦñ߹ģΪʦɨһЩСϰһõġ
ãɳҲ飬˵ͷǾһ𴳵һҽҵߣҪЩѹǡԣͲҪˣ뿪ȥѰҶɣ
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аؼķţɳ󡭡

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ǰԼŮʱƾֻ񽣵ĵ֮ܣԼʹ󡣼ԼѾնɱŮ䳹ǷΪ򣬲֪˶١һΣԼֻͬ񽣣ǿȻֻģģĸоļȴ޷
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Ϊĺʲô֮ԸżᲢˡȫʢڣԲ´콣󣬺úһڣֻܿԼо
ֻ񽣶ΪҶôҲоһϤоֻ֮ģģľã֮޷ƺȱĳ⡣,
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Ůȶһ꣬Ҷɲ֪ɹ˶·Ȼˣû̽ʵģӴĿռѰһδ֪Ĺؼֱȴ뻹Ҫѡ
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˲ǲеģʶӡٶԽǿ죬©ԽǶࡣǣ쳣Ѱҹؼ֪ҪҵȥûֻЩˡ
ҶɣȥСֻ񽣳˵Ҫȥһɱһû׼սͿͻƿ֮ˡ
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ȻҶɲûмȥֻ񽣣ǹŮǳȻͬĴڣ֤ĺ䡣
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ʱ˿̣֪Լһ˫֣ôڷŲźˡ
ѲɣʦδʵӦΪԭʦûʵ˵
һƬģԽԽסǰĶȫ˵ɳᱻľ飬дˡ
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Ҷɵͷô.̬ҲвҵߣȥⶴѨ棬׻ʲô顣
ҶɾãȻĺ󷨣׵ĶѨ棬ҲһϹǣһŻһǡûӰ񣬲ǰƽʱҲϵǣܰŵΣա
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397.Դ֮Դ֮
397.Դ֮Դ֮
һΣҶɲûն֮ˣ󷨲֮ʱ֮ԴԴϵӿ˹
Ҷɾ;ãԼֺǻص˿̻޾Ѫ״̬
ÿڵһ֮ЩҵѸٱɵ
ǣÿһεɣͻһ궯Ҷɲûȫľȥ۲죬ҲӦ
Ųϵܽ⡢֮궯ҲԽԽҶɶʼģ᲻ǸһӱըԼԪӤ׻
ǣÿҶɼоȥ۲ԼԪӤʱԪӤȻʣʾԽԽľ֮⣬ûʲôֵı仯
ǣҶҲͷĴ󵨵ļȥˣһֱ֮
ৣ
Ҷɷ֣Լֽܻʱһɲǵʱ䶼ûе飬̾һ׹֮ǽֵͷȥ
ǣڴǿȴûг֡һ׹֮ö˶˵˽֮ϣûа
ɣͽˣ
Ҷɲٴת׹֮˽ģ޴Ľ֣ٽ
齣ɡ
֮ǲϵٱ
ûиҪ֮
ڵ磬ֻ궯һûĽҿɴ֮ѾԼĥһգ˵ڴһĿˣάϵղǰ궯Ѿٿܡ
һ֮ʧԪӤ֮е磬Ҳ֮ƽ
ǰȥĴһ޴Ľ֡һ죬ҶɵָΪ㣬һƣѸ졣
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ֻˣ׵Ļˡץסһ׹Ĳֻ֣Ǻͨһʯѡ
Ȼֻ̲ôͨʯͷ档֪λϹŴܣصַҶɾȵ
ҶҲѧϰַܶģܽԼǣ̶ȡǣѰԼϰõַһͬص㣬ǾҪΪǿķҪΪĲϡ
һɣͬʱҲΪʲôĳЩϻ󣬼۸ܸߵԵʡ
ڣƺɱˡ
ҶɷǳԻͲϳڣʱֻܿ˵ˡ
ɲͨʯһڣֻ񽣾ʹҶɵǡ
ѵҿˣҶɾȵķʡ
ûпֻӦʯѾͨͨʯǣӵɵʱȴǲͨʯʯһʱıԴ֮źصʡɲͨͨͨɲͨǵԣ,
Ҳ˵Ӧðռ
ѾѳһСɽʯҶɺǾϲ
ǣֻ񽣵һ仰ִͷ
бǴͨɲͨ𣿾ǾżˣҲûͣʱֶŪ֣Ҳûʲôϡˡ
ðɣǾͲЩʯͷˡҶεĵ˵ͷյʲôͷЩΪʲôᾪԪӤ磿
ʯͷʱıԴ֮յȻıԴֻ񽣳شԴ֮󣬾ͻݱԴòֻмٲֵıԴ֮ᱻʯشڣڵǸ磬һ¾ҪⱾԴ֮ѹˣ
һΣֻ񽣻ûнͣǸ磬Ǹʲôڡǣƪ۵Ľһص֮ȴҶʵİסĳЩؼ
һ𣿿磬Ӧǳ˾Ĵڰ
һУ˵˵
ҶҲһʶΪʲôֻ񽣲ԸԼϸ˵ˡԼֻǳ֮žԶûʽ֮šھͺøԶоԽ֮Ĵڣδľǳ
ǣҶҲûм׷⣬תʵղڲΪʲô
ΪԴֻ֮ҲԼ뷨ҲҪָұĺľסˣҾͻЩԴ֮
ԭҶɵ˵ͷ취ñԴ֮ˡԽǿ󣬶ҲԽ
Ҷɲɻ䣬ֻ񽣵δԼҪֻ񽣵ĵطܶ࣬Դ֮ûʲô˵ġ
û룬ֻȴٺЦˣСⱾԴ֮ЧҲǶࡣⱾԴ֮ҲõĲƷҪҾָʵǶĸѰҼ֮ɡ
֮𣿺ãҼסˣҶɵ˵ͷڵķ˲ƶȥ
398.ն
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398.ն
ڵҶɡ
Ī֮ø֮ƥСȻҶɷ־ѹ˼ʥޣǣǾãҶɸ֮ȫ濹⡣
ƲʵûдҶɲǺصԪӤ֮ڣٳһ磬Ҳȥðա
Դ֮Դ֮Ѱ
ϵĲ֮еİԽԽãҶɴȥ׶༪١
УҪȥ˵ʦȣָľһΣһվ
ô̲סҪȥˣҲվͬʱһ֮д
ѭȥҶɣֻ˭
ͻˣĿһԴžϲ˵㻹ҵĻûжǸְִɡããʿԪúܣ취ˡ
Ǻǣ´ˡΪԼƻҶҲͷһֹůѾǽ֮еǸ֣Ѿһõʯ
ʲôѾ˽ֵĿԲˣڸҿЦɣϵѹûʲô仯
Լֻȥǽֵһ㣬⵽ķˡԼڵ֮ΪȻһءֱǣԼһԵϰöƷʯ
Ҷǳ˽еӦһ֮ڵоϷղŲ࣬Ѿ˵ģ
ҶɺǺһЦҲ͡
ԪӤ֮ڵǴ磬Լܡ£Լܵİ֮⣬˭ߡ
߰ɣѾˣҪȥȡһ
һ⣬Ϣ֮˾ͳǧ֮ĵط
ǰһƬãã󺣡
ҪȡǼǰȻƽǣȴſֲɱãã󺣣˵һںߵɣҲܵ׸
ҶɣֻҪնԵŸոսһʱԼջ˻۷ļʥޣǿܸ֮Ҷ뵽Ƭ֮д϶Ǻôࡣ
ǣҪЩô
ѭѲ⡣
ǸҶ֮ԵԽԽѲɣԼҪһȥ
㻹ǿ͸ҶҡҡͷɳѾ˵ˣ֮䣬ûԵϸ𡣵ǣȴǿ͸޷նҲңҲ޷ͻƵ֮
Ҷɵǣ׾Ϳ˼οǡ㼸ݣ֪ܶ顣ȻЩδ֮£ģ塣ǣԼƶϽȴܹδɴԽҿôһ㡣,
նôնϣãұΪȥءұΪԼʣߣҲܹƳǣҴˡ
㷭ֽʥޣѾ棬޵󡣡
ȥǿֲеǣҶǣԵȶ
Źȥ˶೤ʱ䣿Ѿˣʱ֮ǰҲӦѡһ
߽ɫǧϵӰ֮ҲǿԵüȶһãû׼Ҫľ飬ֱӵ䷲ˡ
ҪʱֻȴϽ͡
٣ʲôģ׳Ҷɲˣ֮ΪҶһׯɡȻڲ֮ܽǣҶɳ׳Խ֮󣬾ɽϾ磡
ֻ񽣵Ĺƻ֮ε˵ãã˫УȻ˸˵
ƺҲ
΢ĺ촽¶˿˿.֮ǡ
ȣԼϾ磬кã
Ҷɵһȣʱͽã֮и˹
ǣһ˿ѣҲֻôһ˲˫ۣã
ֻ񽣣ⲻ𣿡Ҷûʵ
ƷչȥҪˡǣⲢʽлŮܵģҶɷǵ˵ķУǸоԼˣԼļо޴𺦣
ٺ٣⡣ֻ񽣺ٺЦ޼ëŮɫ֮**׷ףԶ֮Թŭ١ǸգҲµû϶ءûиϣҲһ᲻úʱ򣬾ܹ֮ٺ١
ֻȻǺٺЦ˵ǣҶȴоһ޷ߵɭ
˼ǡҲпΪԵʣԣ޷Բ
ӿɽҲֻȻ˵ȥδӣԼϣ

399.Ƶ
399.Ƶ
ȥδӣ
򵥣شȴѡ
ֻһѣҶɷŷ֣ԭԼҲһֻǹȥûע⵽ˡ
˼ħԼ֮䣬ԼѾ쵽ֻǣӲģȥˡ
ȥأһ˳Լܲ
Լ޵ĲǼãǲʱˣЩҲͽȥˡ
ǣԼƫƫǼ
Լ֮飬ü֮
ţܴﵽ£
ֻһУȷʵǴ⡣ǽԼòȻԣ
΢΢üͷĿ룬εҶϸϸƶϡ
˵飬Ҳȫ顣˵飬ȴֲ顣ģ֮飬ɣҵаǣǱܾʹٲ֮أͬҵĵаһȥδӣȷʵѣ
ѣѣѣ
ѹ֣֮ˣ඼֮ˣһɴ̫飡
һƶҶԼѵĴ˽ø̡
ǣʱˡ
һԼĸԼǼ֮飬Լĸ
ңɱϣ˵ǺܺðաǣмЩзţָúȥδӣ
Ҷɾ;ãԼԶʤԳ󡢹ŮǿѹȣԶʤǶս溣ãã
ֻ񽣰ֻ񽣣Ǹҳ˸⣡
ҶɰҡͷЦţ۾ƲƲеֻ񽣡Ȼ۾ˡ
ֻأֻأ
ʱ䣬ҶڻȻ
ֻ֮һã
ãֻ񽣴һȻǺþϣд˾֮γɣ
ҶɵѡҲֻ񽣲òڽкáԭ˺üֿܡȴƫƫû뵽Ҷɻ¡
ֻֻ֮أԼһһĸЩŮľȥ
òƽ֮ԼԶֻأԶýѡ
֮ԼֻأԲļ֮
ȥδӣ
ƼǾȻ
Ҷɵϣֻܲ񽣾֣İкã
һ˿˿ֻֻ֮ӿ˳ֱҶɵϸԪӤ
붨
һ˿˿ֻ֮ҶɻûֻأԪӤ޾ֻ֮С
źȻϥµҶɣЩ֪롣
ٲ·󷨣ɷ֮أҪ˸һҶȴû㣡ֻһ
һȣ亹ܡղŵԣ˲ʧӰ١,
ϽĲһȻǼʥ޲Ŷͬѹۡʱ˿̣֪ҶԪӤϣֻ񽣣Ϊʲô֪ҶѾԼ˼գһ˷׷ӵֻءһпԶҲ
ֻ񽣣ȴܹĿҶɵЩʲôϾ˼գֻеĴ磬ʵֻ֮ģġһ˵ϲŭ֣һ˵ıϣĿ
ſĻ׵ȥȥޣĴ
ãһն֮࣡ϧն̫˵㡣򰮶ޣЩޣҲǿ̹İ
̶ֳֻֻȡǲƿֻذҪܴ࣬󳹴򣡡
һһֻأֻ֮еҶɣֻԼɹ˷ǳǳ¡ǣʵʱ䣬ȴֻȥ˲һѡ
ֻ֮֮ˣҶڲʱ򣬾Ѿ̡ڣ뵽ֻ񽣵ڣǾ쵽ô
ʮֻأ
ʱ䣬ȥһʱҶǡ˵ʮֻأ
ʮֻأʱгж̡£̵ֻʮꡣܼǡþһǧ꣡
һǧֻأƺҿ΢ƿؼ֮ˡ
ȥҶֻǿԽ֮ݻļ֮еİȷֻģģյò̫Сڣȴʼһƿؼĸо
ˣܻõ
ҶлϲҪʮһֻأԼ֮ʱľʵռݽ
ޣҶüԪӤֻ֮ѳ
ֻֻòƻĹޣڷĹķ󷨡ǻ֮ϣʱ¡ÿһڵϣͻԳһѪ졣
񣬿ǲطȥֻ񽣴ֽеһÿһѪֻҪ㹻һֻһģһǿĳѾԲŻְֻ֮࣡ܿ죬ǾҪһȺˣ
ôŹֵݣ
ֻ񽣴ֽеʱҶɷڵϵǼѪ죬Ŀʼڳˡò˶ãµĳ׹ͻ֡
Ҷɶݺ˽⣬ֻ񽣵˼¾ѹҲǽ֮ǣ׹ͼʥޣ˲Ƴȥأɴ뿪˳ء
׹ɢȥٴοҶʱȻסˡĸĶ֣ѿڶ
Ƶᣡ
400.Ǳ
400.Ǳ
һǰҶɣȷܸԼ޵š
ǣһҶɣֻվԼֻÿһۣƺеţȫûˡ
ȷɫǣȻȻģƵĸоȴԼԭЩҸӵģؾȥȶ֮⡣
֮
ôʲôȻϢĸıңˡ
ӦԼԴնϵȻͱҶɲɫĸˣ
һʱ䣬ֻôһƬңȫ޷˼ˡ
ֻЦҶɣļһ֮ʱ񣬿϶Ǳôֻ֮Ȼûѡ󰡣
ҲǱһ˵Ҷɺʵ
ȻˡֻЦŽ֮£Ҫ桪Ԫľÿһ棬ǣǱ磬ǿᣬ޷Ǳʹ󡣡
һֻ֮һҪĶǾ񣡡
ɵ֮СԪҲ֮СֻҪƣľҲͲơҪǣĵҲӡ֮ϡ
ЧʣĲͬģԪľľΪûߵͣȫǿǿ
ǿʲôĵǿ
ͺֻ֮Ǳͨ쳤һ֮ϣҲһơЩƣʹԵߵ͡
ܶ˶ΪֻҪԼ޿ܹĵʵͲ
۵һɲǣѾעǱδ֮ǰģͻӵۺǱȥĵ·Ҳͻ෴ֻǿ֮Ǳ޿˵׶ˣһҲֻԶף
ԭҶɻȻͷһǵһ˵ҲǱ˵һ֮ǻһЩ
ǸѾõ֮ʯǼѧı𣬶ֻãȴû˵ǱֻһҶʱףԭǿߵͣʵΪǱġ
ô򵥡ֻ񽣺ǺЦ֮ܲܽҲԼܹģֻҪԪľ㹻ˣֻһҲһǿнܣ񣡡
ۺǿߣʵ͸ý֮ˣﻹл۳ǱҲˣ֪Ϊʲôڶû취֮ҳҪúоһ׳ҵֻ֮ܣ,
֪Խֻܾ֮࣬ԽǿҶصľֻܹ˵ҲǺô޴󣬲Сӡ
һһһ̸󣬷һȥֻɫƽͶˣȻеٳǰӣ״
ʱͲȥֻˣȥѰһ
ԣϽȥǼҵȻȥȡĺŲأƳӡֻҲ˵ղͻѹҲ볢ˣҪָɣ
ǻɹġҶɻ˻еĻ򣬡ĺµ󷨶ô˵ãл֣һжԿͨͨ͸͸
ûֻҲЦĺѾ˼Ϊ˿鴫𣿸鷳ĻˣٶĲãҲв޵˰~
ֻ񽣵ЦҶɹЮãã󺣵ٽ

ҶȥȡһʱҲѾִյ㡣
ˣĹذ
ǰ߲һŻһӾͳȥǣȴֻ֪Ҫڵӡû;ܳŻ
·ˣ϶Ѿȵĺļ˰ɡһ·Ľ룬ͨĺŲصһ·;ܴ򿪣
ŮôûйֻҪ·˻ϣһ·Ҿܽʯ쾪תطڵӡǸƳ
ôʱȥˣܲᣬǹŮѾ˰ɡҲ˵ҶСֶβ㲻ûİѹŮɵˡ
ˣֻñ÷ˣ֪ܲеͨ
Ŀ⣬ɨȥǧͷͬĻ۷ޣĴڲԶʱ׼
ڰɣɣΪǵɣ
һһͷͷ۷һ㣬޷˵ģǵ߲ŻԴԴϵĳ˹ȥ
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ϲŭ֣ǣ˼֣ˣ飬ˣŲ졭
֮ţʤÿһַţΪҶɵһ
Ҷɽֻ֮ʮֻأʵֻȡ˸ɡģŮ**֮١
ֻһ٣һ֮ҶѾԽŨ䡣
֮󣬾͸ɴ׶֮ҲˡֻЮ֮ݺᴩǺĻǳܿһҶɵ½Ƕûܿ
ʱ˿̵岻ѣҶȴѾûа**ˣѾһԼ
ֶΣʵڿֲǰʥޣһڳ֣һץͿˣ
ֻǹһʱ䰡ȻԾֻ񽣵˼ӦÿԽ֮ˡȴذסٳٲͻơҵ֮ѵľǰͻƹذϷ𣿡
һ֮УѾû˰yin...档ֻ֮ڽ⣬Ҷɵ΢΢
ףҶʱ˸Ӧǡ֮
ǡ˵ͷ
ȻҶ޵֮ϴˢҵļԸϲ¥
Ȼֻ΢ĴǣҶɾѾһҶɾѾ֪֮Լкô
˵˵ˣҾ֮㣡
٣ԼҲеõˡĺǿˣֻǵ裬ȴһûУܻе㲻
ҶЦЦҲûж˵ʲô
ʵٶ֮ҶɵİҲ١Ϊֻּǿߣܳסõ֮ϵɢϵֱۣ߽ˣԵ״
ˣ㱻֮Լļʲôô
ģʮֻغҶɣԼһһУƿصѾܺˡѾ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ʲôʲô鲻
һ·˳Сʱ֮Ҷɾʹһʯ󷨡
ĺЩĪ֮ܣûл֣꣬ҲһҵɣʯǰҵĴţҶɲɵõ̾
Ҷ˵ûҲͷӦ˭뵽ôѰһʯ֮УȻǬ,
էȥһʯռ˷ԲɵĿռ䡣ΧЩʯѱûжٲҶɲ㣬ûΣпܷ֣һƽʯУȻһСض죿
ʯУͺ񵱳ɽƵáǰ̨ͤ¥֪ж١հ裬Ⱥɽ֮лơһɼҾ
ǣҶȴ֪Щɽȫͬɽȷʵĸض죬ȴǴɱĸض졣
ֻݣȻһߵ
ǴȻʮɱ󣡡
Щҩ޳ɾҩ飬ˣ̫ϧˣȥѹΡ󰡣л֣Ҳû취
ûиö˶˵һ·ϣôһСʯͷʲôȻɱ󣿣Ҳ̫˵ɣҪһͷײȥҾҲˣ
ɱ
ģ
ҶߣԽ
ûǺͻ֣¾Լķ⴦ʯеҲûӦһɱ֮ǸĺΪ˿鴫ˣҪɱ˰
ܶطֻҪһǾͻٲԼڵΪЩ֮Уһɲǵʱ䶼òţͻᱻЩ󷨣ϸСķ۳
ֻҲˣȵط˵ǻ۷ǿˣǸĺͬһˣҲѴȥ
Ҷ˹㣬ȻõǱĺˣĺЩʲô¾ӡʱ򣬲˵Լֿ飬ѡ𣿿ȷʵ
·һֲľɱ󷨣ֱֻҡͷȫ޻˵
ǣͣ㡣õ˼¡ڱܹɱ֮ҶȻסΡ
ԼƶϣҲԼ۾ĶǰǼΰĵãȻַ˻һӣ³һ֡
402.壡
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ҶǼᶨﷴӦ״Ҳֲȥˡ
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ǣҲ͵Ϊֹˡǰ󷨣ζͨ
һʮɷ󣬽Ӷɲȥʮ֮УֱһƵĿܡ
ÿһܣҪǿö࣡ʮһѹת󣬾ǿһǧһ򱶣ҲƵ󰡣·һ·
ķôʱ䣬ۼžҪõһؼˣƫƫȴһ
󣡾·Ͳͨ
֪ˣȻֻ񽣴һһĺû뵽ֶΣ
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ٺ٣ɱ֮֮ЩǳԽ˾ķţҲңСĺˣûʱ˵ЩǸϿߣ
ֻ˵ü٣ҶҲʶˡһʱ·ؿֲ󷨣Ҷɾ;쬵ģ̹ǡ
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Ƿ֮⣿
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󣡺üһĺ·ϲ󣡲õģĺôҲǰϵСӾȻٳԪӤ磡ڤκβ㣡
ȻȻ̹ǡǣҶȴȹ̣ûиоʲôʡȫĺܣأڤģʵԪӤ硣
׻ЩʲôãҶء
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Ҳصĵ˵ͷ˵ڶԪĲ
˲µ壬Ѱ¾ǧСģ㲻ãҲڴˣ
ѵҵĽţһСıĿ֮С

׶֮Ҷõ˼¡ƾŻһ˺ܿԽϰȥ
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Ȼ⸣ضͺ˵Ƶãҡ,
Ҷһ⸣ضĻʯһ󣡡
鷳󡣵ʱԼĿռ䶼ûˡ
ҶʶҪҸ취ֹʯ֮ʱֻ񽣺Ȼֽһ
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֪ղֻʩչʲôȻҪ˯ʱ䣡
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ҶصģԸٶٳȥ
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ǰҶɱٶȣѾԶԶҪ֪Ȼûۼʶ˵ٶȣǣȴ¹زصľϣ˽˵ĿֲҶɸղǰٶȣѾ˵ٶˣѾܲ˼顣ȴû룬ҶɾȻܼ٣
ѵһֲʣȻʶԾ
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ðɣҲҪӦʲôˡҶεҡҡͷ׼һȻȥ
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棬ţʵӡ֮󣬿϶ԹġǴٶķգʲôϵɰټ㣬еܵĿ
ԼĿֲսǵû˿ģ෴ģȻʼ룬ڲõĽҶɵ׻⵽Ű
ӡҶҲ쵽Щʲôһεҡҡͷʼð֮ǰ׼
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ҲĳֶΣҶɾӵ
ĺֵ󷨣Ҷɵ֮ܣȻΪǣȻŲȫתķģҶҲûпܳɹ
ʮɷΪɱʮϹ˵ġƣĺŲе󷨣ҲǸơ
ҪҪƵģʮɷ
һͼҶ۳
ȥ
ͺһֻͼٿһӣûǸض֮С
һҶɾһ
ˣգ
ͼǸضһԾҶɵġ
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ڶԪһԾ˳
ȥץһЩǿ޻ҪģŪˡ
һһǿĽ֮˵ڶԪڡ⽣ıֻҪ˼ޣκβ˵ڶԪ
˵ͷڶԪ񻯳ɳ̬Զȥ
ҪģǶಶ׽ˡ֪֮ĺ֮ǰûӦ֮û
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Ҷ֮ԾãԼܹȥĺŲأΪһרŴĺ֮ķ
ҶƾģҲǹ֮
ʮϹˣԼù󷨡Ҷɣȴ󷨣ȥ׽ĺֲõķȻɹ󷨣ڡ
ʮϹ˵ֶθǿˡҶûҲûлᣬȥ׽ͼ񣬲ֹ󷨣¶ֱӽĺŲظ׺俪챦ȥȡˡ
˿ԶŬšһ鷨󣬻¡һɹŨܵ鷨£ܿͱɽڣûκͣ
˾ɵҶ˱뵱꣬ǶôϲڣΪִӼ˳ɵ˺ΪҪҶִ֮ǶôŬʱ龰Ƕôͬ,
绨죬ôܹܵ˺ҲҪŬ
һͼ˳Ҷɷã˵ͼǸض֮С
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ȻҲ̾ѣֿռ䣬Ѿ൱һСĸضˡֶΰϹʱڣҪɣҲʲô飡
ԺǾһŨĴ磬ȥɣҶɺǺЦţĿһǧͷǿֿ߽ռ䣬Ȼ󣬽ռգȫ˺ۼ
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֮ͳȺۣȻȻԡ
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֪֪ˣܰսԹȥĹϵⲻ̫ʡڣȴѾûκι˼ɡ
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Ҫ֪ĺŲس¶ۼʱȷм˹̽աлһˣ䡣˵ϢӦһ˼٣Ȫ·У֮⣬ֻĹȶڡ
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ⲻܲҶɻˣڣһڲ룬ǲ֮зˣѾЩС
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ѵĸĸˣҶ۾һ
ҪǱǷڱڤĺպˣȷʵͲٴˣ
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֪Ȫ·еϢΪФФ֪ϢҲаʱˡҪǱˣǾܵôãΣվأ
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ˣڸڤ˶ԣһ
浱ǰ˭Ķ뵱꣬ǼΪ弶ˣҲתһȦֻûзʲô״ǰ뿪ˡ,
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Ҷɵ˵ͷǵĻᣡЩ֮ļսǵĻᣡͬʱҲҵĻᰡҪԭҲôĿ֮š
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Ҷɻ˵ͷǣ浽ЩʲôǲķˣʱܳԣˣھҲС
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һδηĹԭ̵ķӡһ˿ɶ󲻽ķЦ,
ҹȻûĺķӡȫޣ¶ҪһĺĺǲĺԣŻʮһᣬŻ
Ҳлָԡ㲻ĺӡ֮ôһأ㲻ãԼû뵽Ϊĸ⣬֮Уɣ

һһͷͷ޵ʶ֮Сһͷͷ۷ޣӿ񱩵ӡ˹ȥ
ѣҲûйϵԪӤݳȥȻ

಻ϵĺ֮ңФҼФע⡣
ʱ˿̣˶Ѿһӡ֮ǰо˽ʮʱ䡣ǣȴȫҲͷ
֮䣬һ㿴ĸҡҪɱФȴҲܡ
ĺ֮ǴФֱߴġңھԶֱߡ
ѵǱ߻һͨ
˲Լͬģ뵽ͬһ𰸡
뵽˸һεĴ𰸡
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ʶעԼ֮ĵطʱ׼ųǰӡɱҲԲţлᣬͨеǿ߸ɱҾĴ
ϽǷֿȽ⴦ż챦ܲҲѾȷ˷䡣
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һĨĹâҵһҲʱԼĺȻһ졣
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ֻǸԱһͬһ΢˿ΪԼ˵С⡣
ʱ·ϣ⵽ָԻѾ˼ҳ㷹Ȼ֮Լָֻǣ˭ųʲôıʳ֡
ǣһ̣ҺȻ֣Լˣ
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һʱŮӵϢǸֱߵСӲࡣ֮кܳһ·Ҫߡ
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Ҷϥ룬·ģֻ񽣺ϥϣһɹɼ֮мȡֻ֮Сֻ񽣵ı˳˯ǣֻ֮ȴʧֻ񽣵֮һɹɸŨļƬѵĴ͸ȥ,
ҶڵΪҲƬѵĴʱʲôʻᷢէԼټعɣûκα仯
ǣȴͬľΪѾ̤֮ţ
۷ΪսһҶɵĶ֡ǣҶȴֻܸʰ·硣
Ŀ⣬ڹѵĴϻƶÿһƬѴеļתһⰻȻعšЩһ֮Уֻ˼ľΪеĿǵĴڡ
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ΪҲĺӵе֮ǣһɫʱһֱĸоȴӿͷ
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֪ΪʲôͨĿأԶģӵκǿ󣬷ǵӵŨпݻ֮飬ΪǰĴڣ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһȥκ鵤ҩĳֻԵɺϵ£˵Ǹո飬¾ѾȥǧĴڣҲпܰ׹⣬ٴθ
ǡǡΪģ֪аĴڡΪ֮ոմһɫ֮ʱһĪ򣬶ʱӿͷ
ܿ죬̾ͰɫǸصġ١ϵһ
ԴӺҶɽ˫ް֮󣬹ǸֵܣҶҲޱĸ
ﱾԴֶһû׼ݻ
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ڣﱾԴ֮İ֮İһһӦʱ䣬͸
ʲôܸоЩ֮֮䣬ĳֹǣҴûӴ֮ǲ͸
һʱ䣬ЩǵеҪټʶһĺֶεĳ嶯
һ̣ɵȻʧЦ
ЩʲôҪĺɾûֻ񽣰ǵ˵ˡ
ȻǸضзĺ֮ԻҶʹɱ֣ʵֻΪӦҵʮ֮ǣ˭֪֪ǻֱֻ񽣷䵽ʲôطȥļһЩʲôֻЩʲô㲻ãټĺʱһһʹɱ֣
ԳЦЦԼ˼У۳һͽҶɵʶ֮С
ﱾԴҶһ΢΢˵ͷٽЩµ֮⣬һһա
ҶõﱾԴ֮ǧ򱶡ǣȴûЩɫš
ʵЩɫţҲûȥа
ÿ˶ÿ˵ĳҶڴˡͺȻ˺öսŸȴֻݻһɵһѧϰݻ֮ҲֻԸһˡ
ֻǣһ򣬾ҶʹЧʴԼ͹ȥûãһط϶֮УɫĹӿֳٶȶȻӡ
ܿ죬һЩɫŽһ𣬽һһĴط϶ǲȥϸƺһƬزǸɺѾãһƬȻ
Ư̾һ䣬ѵ뽫еĴѷ죬ͳͳɫпʹ𣿿ǣǰƿϰ
ĿȫͬС졣ɫĹɽԶչȥͺǻһһطӸɺϢ֮а˳
ûκ谭Ҳûκ䣬֪ԼֻܿЩˡ˫Ŀ΢΢ʼںǰ򣬿ʼԼ
һ죬죬졭
ΪһһΣ˵죬ҶɾĴһƿ
￨ˣ,
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ҶʣҲֻεҡҡͷܸоЩ֮䣬ȱĳֹͨΪľΪԼ֮ԵˡٶҲܲó
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ĵ˵ͷ֮ʱ۵Ũůů⾳һνҶɸ档
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ԶԣԼļȴɱˣҪ׽һǿߣȴǲ̫ܡ
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£֮£һɹɸӾļټĴʹӿȥ
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·֮ͨĺŲص·ڱˡ·̾ͱ޷ֱܵ뵽ͬط
·ȥĵطֲָİĹѨʶδ⵽κƣ·ɿĹѨΧ
ֻĹѨһͨͬ֩һȥֶ۷ˣʶҲ̽ͷ

ֻܱ߱߿ˡεҡҡͷϣܹһٸ棬򡭡
Ǽٴ궯һ¡ҿЦҡҡͷѡһͨ۽ȥ

Фʶ£ֻѡԵȥ̽һͨ
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ֻһһˡֻҪܻõ㶫Ҿ뿪
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Фͨе֮̾ȥһŻĵط۶ȥ

ѩᣬ·ǿУʵΪǿġ£һǶˮ׼ܡ¾ǸӲӲĶһѩҲбʤġ
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ǵȻ֪ʵѩصģʲôԭʮҪǣʮϹ֮ĹŮӵֻ񽣵Ҷɺ׹Ǽ۵ĶֵԶԶĺŲ֮ͣ
ߣ
ѩͺһһȵģһͨ
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ǣȴʮСġɫ԰ôһɲǣ˵ϢȴʼȶҲûзκ״

ʱ˿̣Ҷɲ֪ѾĺŲأֱŲĵĵش۶ȥӲ֪ǳѾ֮˼Ĵڡ
ʱ˿̣Ҷɵȫ˼صĴʹ֮С
ʱȥˣȻҶɻܼ֣ǣȴüͷԽԽЩԾ
ļܵȥˣҲκ״
ڵԽԽȵĲ²⡪ȷʮɷΧסĹ֮Уһı
ʮϹҲͿԺŪģﱾԴ֮ǰ֮йءǼ϶ǸᡢͨЩйءʮϹˣôܱĺڲƭ˹ȥ
һ룬Ǹ֣˵ûκвǸ֣ʵҲʮ˷ɾķšǰһһͨҶɶĺֶΣѾͶء
ҲϲʹıƣǣĺıֱСˡ
Ҷεҡҡͷջ˼
ôһˣʵ
ڣʱŹȥ˾ѡԼҶ֣ٶָ죬ȫûκ⡣
ˣ϶ȱһ
˵ǸȻ
ûҶɵ˵ͷô󣿰ˣֱӽĺŲûָˣǻȥ߹Ůµ·
ȥ߻ص·ȥֻǣⶵȥʱ䣬ȴù٣Լ˸˫ް£ֶһǿ
ﱾԴǼ֪ıһ˵գܰҵĴæ
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416.Ʒ
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˹Ů֮ҶҲˣΪʲôŮģ·ǿߣĺŲءΪ·ۣпܴͨ·
ѵµǿ߽ˣ
Ҷɲû뵽ͨģʵǳѩᡣõĹŮĸܴͨ뿪硣
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СһЩõڶԪ񱣻㣬ǧҪ뿪̫ԶҶصĶ
ԭҶΪֻԼܴͨʱԼԿһ·ǿߣ׶ʲôˮ׼
ڣͨͱ򿪣޴ӵ֪ǰ·ǿߵΣķа⡣
סҲôûй֣ӦɣͷİɣһúñסԼ
úñԼǶҶ֧֡ʱ˿̣ûҶʶԼĴڣʵжôҪ

ɽֻʿСţҲѡһӵиضķˮأοĺǿ˼ڡ
ǰһҶɾѾܵˣ֮ŨѾԶԶʤ֮޶Ĵͷһֲָ֮ʱ˵һоǣŨȣʵǹھˡֻҪһ൱һ˼Ʒʯ
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ԭϹʱڣһڶࡣǿʥƷһ൱һöƷʯһ棬ٶϰ֮࣡
ǣϹһսе򶼻촷ֻۣҶڵһ򣬻ǱȽ
һս֮ҲǼ侪ˡڣ¹оԶĴţҲֻӵƷѡ
Ʒ֮ϣƷƷƷһƷһƷ֮ϣǼƷȻ󣬲ŻᵽƷ
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һʱ䣬Ķˡ
ɣ˵ûп
ҪӵһƷʱȥ⿪ɣҲ˸ܽƷ֮ȥ£Щǿߣһп񾳽ˣ,
ԪľǿصľһΪһΪǾΪߵ͵Ҫء
Ҷ֪ܲƷĺôǡ
ϣĺںĵشȡıɡڵһ߰ƷпܣƷǺǣΪ
Ҳ˼ЦЦ֪Լ̫ˡ
ôһͨʵ
ͳѩһҶɺ⴦ĹѨҲʮͨ˭Ҳ֪һ·׽Ǻĵش
ʱ·ϣҶһԹŮļ䣬εҡҡͷһ࣬Ҫ򵽵֮ܣһЩ֮ͨĲ𣿡
֮ܣ㶣ﵽ֮ܣô𣿡
ĹѨЩ롣ǣȴҶɵ˼˼ǰš
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ĴѭȻĵطͻԶȴݺĵطҲšⱾ޷ΥġǣУɫâԾܣַżŨǻʿ»ҪһֵܵϮ
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˵ͷ˾ϸϸĲһ
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417.
ǵҳͨңܿҵһεŻ
Ϊϵĵشıһ·ЩŻҶɲûȤȥͨŮļ䣬ֻ񽣵Ľ֪ͣǺĵشһ۵ıȿ԰Ůָ֮Ҳֻ񽣽⿪ĺľӡ
Ǳ֣Ȫˮ
һ۵ĺȪڤ֮ġǹˣû˭ȤȶԣκǿߣԸȥȡĺ
ǣһȪˮ԰Ůֱӻָˮ׼ͬģҲԳ׽ֻϵһӡ
Ҷ˵ֻǵӡ֮ص顣ڣԶԶǼöǿ߽֮ʵ鵤
ֻǽֻ֮ɹʮֻأҶɾӵ˶Լĳƿֻ񽣳׻ָˣܹ޹˼ɵṩֻ֮ҶʹãԼƿֻͻͽ
ɾ֮ԼĵΪؼ顣ʱŶԵ̶ȣǷΪԪΪľΪȻȻˮǴߣȥֿˡ
ȻҶ˵ָֻյٹ⣬ʲôҪ
ˣһ·ϣͲԸЩŻ˷ʱ䡣ŻʲôûһȪˮҪ
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ǿķͽҶɸɳȥǣҶȴ˸Ȼҡڵ˫ȴ˿ԭء

Ƿ֮һ㣬Ҷһŭȣ˫ߵλá
һΣҲûʲôҷӦ¡¡һѾõŻڿ
Щǡ
Ż״֮Ҷɺ۾ֱˡ
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鵤ƿ״ͬɫ졣ۿȥǧƿ
鸡ڿеķʽͬѹ¡ۿȥûһǼƷ
ʲôĲϣһҲǿʴ淨ŵʤۻңֱũСдԺ챦
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ЩдôҴһſֿռķţЩɡ
㲻Ҫʵ
ĲҵģҶɺǺЦЦһͽʶ֮Уǵ֮ʯڵǵš
һţضеַˡ
Ȼ˫ް£ҲǶ˽ġҲöˣڵ˫ް£ΪѰĲƸĿΪ
¹Ź滹ǱȽɭϵ֮ڣʱʱķ顣ЩСţԼɢ֮Уÿʱỵ̈з޷Ŀֵǽ鷢ɡȴû뵽ҶɷǵҪЩǽ̻Լһż˵õ񼶷ţ
һʱ䣬ز֪˵Щʲôź418.
418.
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ռ䷨ţ񼶷֮нʱ䷨ŵĴڣ
ʱռ䣬УΪµ֡ǿǿѡƣųɾŵǿߣѡʱ֮ȥռ֮
ȻǿߣǲֵܲġΪ˵ʲͬͬʱʱȻȻģͻѡĳһ
ˣھǿ˵ڲԼѡ֮⣬Ҫһʱռôֻܽǰʿʱ䡢ռ䷨ˡ෨ŵ̶ȣɼһߡ
ڣҶɷǵҪЩԥľͽһ񼶿ռ䷨ŴڸԼ֣
Ҷ֪Ϊʲô΢΢ЦЦ˵޼֮ˣԻõã
ϾҲ˼ľΪˡʰ黳صĵ˵ͷҲᾡҵŬҵİˣõã
ԵһȻѸٿʼֿռ䣬Щһ
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ͺǳѩһЩ꣬Ҳڴ˵أʱ䡣ȻǵʥأǣΪ⵽ǿ⼸ޣҲǻ۷ѣ֮Ĵţûܿ,
ЩЦʱҶҲЦ
ܾöûץˡһûи߹㣬ʵʦǸʿңտʼʱҲԲݹȣΪҪֶΡΪˣѾܾöûùˡû뵽ںȻôòϣ
ЩǿĹȣüͷһӾ
ǿߣ㲻Ҫ̫ȻǵľΪߡǣȴݺᣬǵԵõ㣬ֻʩۿۣҲ㣬ֻҪǵӡǾͷȥΣ
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һǵͼʿʱ͸ֻڡѲɣΪˣӻСˣ
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˵ľһйȣȫˡ
ϵʿҲͰˣǸŮޣôķ
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ȻЩ˵ҪǣˣȴҲǽɢҲ޷ˡ
ߴߴģĹ
ǣҶʱ⣿ҪٶȣִĵĵشҪȪˮ˸ȡߣǿǴ²
žģһ׹ವľ˹ȥ˲ʱ䣬һֻлн׵Ĺޣͱ׹

Ľǹ޾ͻһҲȲ
㣡
ĹޣȻŭݺʱҶүүүүүүүүԶûгءһСëȻвԼ
ڼ޲ȻŭûüѵʱҲˡ
Ҳζֻת¡ʱ䣬ʮ߰˸ޣȫСڣƬ֮ϣŵŨŨҲɢ˲١

ڣ⼸ǿĹ֪ˣһĸϽʩţҪ֣Ҫ֣ǳǣͶˣ
ȻһЦ˷
ڣҲֻݣҲܰһæˡ
ţԭòӵ419.ǰ·
419.ǰ·
Ҷҵķˡ뵱һȥϿޣһֻƷū
ʱһֻƷūѾҶɵļˡҲû뵽ʮ֮ԼȻܹһֻޣ
ӡǡ
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ȻӡҲԿЩޡǣǿȴܹǵսһʤ
ʲôӵʮϹˣһڡ뵱꣬ΪΧɱĺһö˶˵ĵؽ磬˻Ȫ·ֹ޵ĸض졣ķƷûһҲаǧ
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ҽȥڶԪߣǰйޣһ
ãһھӦ
ֵһ̣оģֻǵġ빲ڣȴκ棬˶ܻĸָоӵĴ񣬸ӵԶ
ͨƬۼĵطǰһ֩Ƶõͨǰǰѡ뵽һͨ
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ǺǣȴǸáҶ΢΢Цγһ뿴ôôĶҪҪһξѪ

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һĴӣƺƵģǱںХϸȥŵĲˮŨĹ

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ٶȷɶݣƷ񼶷ңҲʮĸʱʩչȶݷСôǲıԣ
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ڴһɢһɲǣǿߵʶƳʥǱߵֻֻһö񣬹ƬռƮ

ʱ˿̣һǿǣûˣ֪ǿзʲô顣Ѿ۷ŵĻ۷ǿǣţγ˲ڵĿյڣץʱ䣬ȥѰϹż֪ھǺԶԶǿ֮У֮ʮĻսѾһ˸սᡣ
ʰҫĻᣬѾûˡǽҪԵģǸʹĲпͳΡ

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ŷˣšϣȫ˰Ϊʲô϶дԵ棬ǺʰϹҫĴԵ桱
ܹƾһƶÿԴˮ׼˭ɵӵλһδʱеĺڵӣһж

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ⲻܣⲻܣ֣ιǧ򣬼ʶ޹飬û˵ĸϣбƵȭ
ѩҲɵˣһȭȻǳԼǣǿԼ;ʹ֣ԴֱҪըˡǸҶɣǸ֮ûͻƵСӣȻƵһȭ
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ȻҲûЩʲôЩʲô
һߣǸŮޣѾʼʱˡǰ棬һƵСӡ֣Ҳûʱȥ˼һָ
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ʱ˿̣ѩѾһָѹ˵˺ԶĵطǡȻվǧ֮⣬ֻǺһƳѩ;궼ڲ
ʲô⾳ʲôѩᾪֵĴˣܿҿҪˣҿҪˣҪ
ΪȾ֣ѩῪʼĳȡӱȵĳȡɲ֮䣬ûӱήȥһһغ
ѩỹڿС
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ʱ˿̣ѩֻڴ֣ܹԹעһԼԼһ¡¾ֻǰԼ߸ƿȥҲܹԼӱıԵȳȥ
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֣ôѩᣬСɫˣʲô,
ʱ˿̣֣һָָ⣬ٳٲš
ڼ㣬ܺ棬ʲôӵֻܹ֧ϣ˵Ϊ
֣ǿԴˣαҶ˹֪ǰֻϣ϶ʲôԼʱҲˣΪ֪߾Ȼʱѷ죬ԣԭΪ·ӵϣȴѵĿԡ
һҪЧ֣ţָϵǿ
ڣֲȥˡ
䣡
ûκģʹӾ֮ϣ

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ҶɣС˲𰡡弶ˣȻûС㣡ȻѾˣֻ񽣻̲ס̾ȥ϶ˡֻе⾳Ȼ㹻ǣΪȴ̫ࡣ
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ȻɳȣȻأǣҶɵѾҳһ顣ʶ棬һ׷ӿǣȴûһ룬԰Լæ
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Լ뱣ˡҪһЩʱ䣬ܳ״ʱͨ
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ԼǾţ֮⣬ܳĸ
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Ҫ׽㣬ӵҲһ־ܰɱˣ֣ЦʲôУ;ʹɡȵˣǾûˡ
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һ˻ȥֻ֣صԭλá
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ûϵҶɲɵ̾˿ˣħĶðȻҲˣСǣҵ۾˴򽻵ۣ
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ڲСӣò֢Ϊƾ󷨣ҸԶɡ
˵ҶɵΪô㡣

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Щֻǻ۷ˮ׼Ļޣû֣ӡ˵ˣһˣҲȺ޷
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ǺǣҲЩ˰ɡҶɾͺĿü֣Ƶã΢΢Цһ£󷨣Ϲʱڣ󷨵ǰԭǴȥȡһϹżġֻʱ⣬ҷǺǣ飬ͲҶ˵˰ɡ
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˵֮䣬ڲóɹ
ʵҪùȫҪôʱ䡣Ҷ޵Щޣ˰ٻ۷壬ʣ٣һֻŶ֮ҶɻһӰǷųҲһϢʱ䣬ܰѹ󲼳
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Ȼ䣬֣ʶ˼谭Ѵ͸һǧŷ
һطҶɣصķţ,
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Ҷ΢΢ЦţһķǲҪǮһ㣬ˮƵùʱ䣬֣;ãԼҶ֮ľ룬Ȼ޷ĳ̶ȡ
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㲻ǵİɡҶɼ˵ʱˣ㻹ųԣ
Ҳ˵Ҫðճɹˣһȡ⼫ֻ֮ЩƵ˵Ҳһ͹ҵɣҪռ⼫֮Ҿܶˡ
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ƣɱɱɱѸٳЩӣ֣ŭţõ
ʥʮǿߣֻ֣档õΪһֻϰĴڣŷܴ첻˵Ȼòóȫ
谡ֱܴ谡Ҿˣ㿽ʳһУҲҪ꣬¯֮Уһǧ꣡һ꣡
һķ֣ľ״̬ЩЧҲˡ
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ȻƺܾãǣҶȴһŪһơ࣬ҲǸǷԲɰˡ
Ϊ˴ﵽԤЧһΣҶһŪ˼ǧơԼܣú©
ǣصô޷죬Ͼһֿơ֣ҲǸȻѹû˵ƣǣֻ˼ƣʹƲÿһƵĸǷΧԼԼƽʱ䡣ڣѾˣֻҪԼȫҶѾ޶ͷԼҲϢɢ֮ǰʱϵ
ڣԸ㲻
Ҷһô˷֣ŲţǸսթļһ᷸ͼĴ
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Ǵ˰һεģҶÿŵǺЦѵͲ²ҴĻǵİΪʲôһôôģ򰡣̫˼ˣ
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޷죬**л֮ͳͳҹ
˻ߵĺУһһÿһĺУһǣһŷܱס֣
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ȻҶɲûۿ֣Щһһѵģǣǰôֲ𵽵׻ʲôö룬֪
СӣȻֻ̾񽣾ãСҲȤ˵㣬Ҫ˴кü޶ͷãҵˣ˱
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ŶҶɵɴ۾ɣ㿴ôֲ֣ǿһ򱶣Ҳ϶ǻİɡ
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׳𣬳ʮʱ䡣Ȼ̶ȵһıըǴ˷ǣֻѾȲˡ
ٵȥˣ֣ǰû˹ڣҲӦѾؾ꣬˻ٵȥֻܵȵһѵ׷
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ֻ񽣣Ӧò˰ɡ죬˵죬Ҷɾ;ãԼʵǼֲȥˡ
ԶҲռ˲֮һֻ񽣳˵ҶɣľֻСҲǺôĶࡣѵûз֣ڿԸɵʩչֻСһðգǳֵ
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һΣΣΡģҶɵĵҲǳһΣϢһΣǿʼϵĳ
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˵ĺãΪ˹õδ尡
ҶɴЦţһֲٳ˹ȥ

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ǿȣ϶һͼ˸ΪԪӤеǸ磬ķ棬Ҳˣֻʮֿ϶ķȱľǶԵƿأֻҪ㲻ɾ֮Ͳܽ⡣ǿĸôĥҲܻǿ󡣡
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ֻȴٺЦʵҲûʲôһյһơĺŲУкüյƣ
յơΪơ˼壬ǰǿġǿɵۣҲްȼһյƣǿ߸ʱЧʸߡ
ƣҶɲɵþһֺöô˵
ÿһ׼۸ʮٱơƷһյĿֲ۸
ٺ٣ӡֻЦǰЩӣϵĸ̫֮ŨءҪЩܰסӣǼȥ·ѡһ֣צˣǾʲôûˡ
ʱпܹҵĵطĥʮ꣬ҶɵӡѾĥµøޱȡֻ֮Ϣƾ޷ļϢͿ԰Ѱʿ,
㰡㡣Ҷεҡҡͷ
ϢͣϢͣǣԼֲǲ֪˵ĲϣսżƭˣÿξƭðʮƷ飬ԼǺԵһ·ƭȥڴչһƷ顣֪ĺŲкƣԼҲἤ˷ġ
ֻ񽣸ҶɵĸоԽԽһǻӵļҳǺѾˣǴšǻȥÿһ顣
ָоҶһ˵ܡҲεҡҡͷܿϥʼϢ
ÿΣҶɾֻͬһһ졣ȥòʱ䣬ʣʱ䣬ץÿһÿһ룬ȫ
޷ˣǣԪӤڵǸ磬ȴ߲ܡҶɶǸ綼ͳͳɡ
ڲϵ£ԪӤƺȥûʲôͬǣҶȴã⿴ҪԪӤʵ̧֮䣬ܰԼǸٵ
ֻһָоһ֡ǸĸоҶԼֻ񽣣ԼãҶ֮ԳõĿƿ֮ϣٳ޷ɾ֮ƾǸ޷ʵָойء

Լɾ˵ҶɵǼƿĵ

ϸ֮УԪӤһƮȭȭȻѲ⣬ǣȭȴһ͵ȭյ⾳ȫͬһȭ֮С
ֻҲֳϸ֮йۿ
ȭҶɵԻӱļ䡣ȭĸ
ֻ֪ʵòǣȴûп˭δ峺εʱ򣬾ܹóеʮֺģҶԪӤʩչȭҲڰ㣬ûпܣʵʱ򣬽̲ŵ׷ӳ
Ȼ
ֻ񽣸Ҷɶ΢΢һ͵(δ475.͵
475.͵
ȻֻһҹģĿջǣΪСԺ䲼õķȴԵֵһ˵һļˣҲ̫ܣϢĴַ
ѵ֣צ
Ҷ΢΢һȴʲôûзһĬĬϢ
һɳ㣬¡һ֮˺ССǿߣ˳ŷ죬˽
ףֻ񽣲ɵ̾ȻֻǸһˣ
һˣȻܹڲ£Ǳⲻòֻ񽣴ΪȡҪֻ֪񽣼ʶ˺£ǳ塣ǣȴûпĸһˣӵֶΡ
Ѳɣһͬĺǰ⣿
ΪͣǿǳΪǿߵйءǿ߿ĺǰ㣬ڵһ£ԶԼ󷨡
ҶɲֻҲرǣڿֻǸһ֪֮Լˡ
СӼȻˣ;û취ӳȥһѶܴȥֻɵЦ֣צ֣Ǻ˲ˡ
Ҷȴҡҡͷ˵Ʋ֣צǸ
ֻ񽣼˵ҶɣСǲɵˡ֮ˣٿԣô͵
СӣһҲôװҶּǿߣԱֿռ䣬űǴֿռ䣬洢ռ䣬˲ͬһλ档˽ˣӲЩռ֪Щռ䵽һλ棬֪Ʒľص㡣
Ϊˣǿ٣ڶǿߣռΪԽǼʵǿߡǣȴû˵˭ֿܹտգ֪ģһǿߵĴռУ͵ʲô
׼еְҵ
ֻҶɵжϣҶɶûüԼĸоʱСһˣȻʧˡ
˵ʲôţһҶʶ΢̾ͷ֣һ΢Լһֿռ֮У
Ҷɻûг֡
ֿռ䣬ԭЩ޲ϵġȺ黨һѪɫռǿտյʲô͵
Ҷɺܺ棬صһˣ׻ôѡ
ȳȻһֿռ䡣Ǵֿռ䣬ֱӶ뵽һֿռȥ
Ҫֿ֪ռ䶼ʵڸλ֮еġֻЩλֻڵλ֮䣬ûκιҪֱܹӶ뵽ֿռУǿɾϼˡ,
һ΢ڿյֿռĴƮһͣûлصԭĿռ䣬Ҳûƺڼʲô
Ȼ
һص˸ȡܿ죬Լ֮һεĻ޾Ѫֿռ֮С
ȻƷûпֱӴԽֿռ䣬ȴ˻޾Ѫ
꣬ҶɵһɱʱÿһξѪòˡǣ󷨣ɱǱӡķǣҶҲûʱȥһεռ޾Ѫˡֻɱӽֿռ֮Сڣʱ̫Ļʬûʱȥռڱϣá
ˣһ˻ʬֿռУĻ޾Ѫʵ١ֻǣҶɸûЩѪҲֻɾѪ˷ѵˡ
û룬ӵؼܣԶλֿռһˣȻƷ
ǸϡҶɲ˵ԣӷƷ˵ʲô
ʲôأץѻ겻ˡֻȻҲǾ֣ǣȴãҶɳٳٲ֣ЩСˡ
ץ򵥣ѻ¾ͲˡҶɳ˵ֻ񽣣ѵûз֣˵ϢܹŹ֣ϰ˽ֻ֮ȥתʶ£ҸܷĴڣ
˵Ҳ԰ֻ񽣾ȵ˵ôһѣôãּ֣ˣʶҲһܹСӵĴڣ
ܹм߼ʶ̽飬ֻһΪҲôãôѻģ
ȵȿɣҪ֪ЩֶΣźóã
ҶɸͲżסĬĬע͵ϵţ˵
ܿ죬͵ʹУʮλ޵ľѪһ͵͵ЦȻ󣬾Ѹٵʧ476.
ȻֱӴԽֿռ䣡Ҷе˷ܡ//ֻǣʮĥ£Ѿѧڼȿܵʱɱһ侲ּ͵ġͰǸǿ߸ˡ
ȥ
һֿռֻһЩʱԼĶΪļֵ̫ͣƭʱҶɶȥ
Ҷɵ⣬һˣֻʶһɨͻƲƲ죬ԽȥֿռѰҡϾǿЩ㲻ˡ
ǣҶɴΪԾǣ˾Ȼɷµһһķң˼
ûиҶɾȵգգ۾زūҲûҪɡ
ǰեȡеĻ޾Ѫ⻹ǿġϾȻǿ˵޾Ѫ̺̫١ǣΪǿߺҪԣҲ㲻ǿյʱ䣬ʮƷͬĻ޾ѪҶɹţԼҲаʮ鼫Ʒļֵ
ȡЩҶɾͺܲˡһЩʿʹõĶҲƷ飿
Ǹ˻ڼѰңҶɵüͷѾ.
ڵʲôΪֻ֮Եʣֻ̾ͲҶɵ仯
˿ڳﻮʲôҶɳ˵
ﻮʲôֻЦôЩöﻮʲôҪ˼ˣܲɣӻʹ﷭Ѿܸ࿭ˣ
ʹҶɳԻ˫ۡȻڹԣֻ񽣣ǡˣ
ʲôֻסˡһ¡ԼҲһȣʲô
ҶɹЦţվһ͵üһ﷭
һһټѪɫವһӣǸ͵ǰ
һμǿߣͱˣ
͵һͺûϵԼᱻ˷һЩֻʵĴ㳷ˡ
ҪװģˣҶɵȣһƬֿռ䣬ҷʱҲͬʱӦҵʶɣȻ֪Ѷˣ֪ĵֶΣü
ȫ𣿡һ΢ָԭΡһɫۣɫ΢ӣɫİȻѪɫ֮ǰܲڿ֣һСӣܹ˶ТҰɣ
һ֣ҪֽѪɫ
ص֡񡭡ҶЩģӵơȻһ룬ѪɫͶȻӰ,
ѹˣҶޱĶӣû̶֡Ҫúÿһ£ӻóʲôصķš
֪
ĸ񣡡
Ӿͺ˹ķһ㣬ֵĴһΣҲװģҶϵˣȷȷʵʵһ
ȻҲóĸûлָ״̬ǣֶԸԼѾࡣ˵ĸ񣬷סĴڡ϶ĸ֣
ˣˡݺǧ꣬ҪˡΪʲôҪùù
һ߿ţһ߼Ť壬Ҷɷԭ̵ֿռ䣬Ȼһխխѷ죡
ʱͨ죬ҾȰ
ϵʱͨΪʱѷ̵棬ǱȽ׿ȻˣֳֶƷ˲յʱ䣬Žʱͨ򿪡
ڣԼֿռȹ̵ãмܣҲʱ𵴡˵˲һʱͨ
ѹ
֮Ѫɫɲ֮䣬Ѫɫĵɺ⣬ĸ档
漴ĸ֮䣬һصĬֻҶɲܿõһ˶֮ͼǵĽºȻ֡
ȴ֪ʲôǡ󡱣ʵϣѹûѪɫĸĵɺѪ֣ȫվԭһˣΪҪʩչʲôռķšղŻǲֻʵ죬ɵùЦ
ǻ񣡾Ȼ÷ӡ󷨣סʱֱͨΰȥҲ
߾ߣҲҶһЦ
ֻǣȷǳʱ֮ͨСǣ񣬾ȻҶ

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ԭֻó͵õҽϰ졣Ҷȵ˵˭ҵģ
ѾеˣϵõȻᷢĲҾ磡
ûûû˭˭Ͱ͵ģС
ҶúܲͷĿȵûʱㆪ£Ҳǵһˣ꣬׾٣
Сӣ˵͵͵ģֻ˴Ĵָ
Ҫ֪ɾˣһַ
һַǣַԪӤľ֮С
ڶַǣȫķԪӤľȫ֮С
ΪǴԪӤ֮еģǰߵ൱ԣ󲿷ǿߣǲõĵһҡѩˣȫˡҶȡǵ꣬ʵҲ֮ǲꡣ
죬ס꣬ȴֻһö񣬺ȻõǺһȻǿ߻ֻһǣȴʤڸӼ̿ɿҶڵֶΣҪɱ꣬ܡ
ǣ֪ЩܹǿаקķѾ׵׵˵û뵽ҶŻԼϽľͿʼġ
飡飡ԸΪūԸ⵱ū
ū𣿡Ҷ°ͣΪ̫˵㱳Ӱɣӵūƻ
δ䣬Ҷɾ;ãеȻ߶µĲϵĲ
ǺǣӺ𣿡Ҷ΢΢ЦҲǣܹ޵˲ţҲǵ
ò˵ҶˣͲҪˡԸΪūҲ͸¶Ϣ
Ȼ֪ҶӴĻѾðҶüѵ֣ҪΪʲôֱӴɱ
Ҷɺǲ⡣
Ҳ㶣֣˭ҶˣͲҪˡŹҰԸſ飬Ҷʲôūӡ
Ϊ棬ȥˡ
֪
˵Ϊū𣿡ҶɵĿЩ塢Ҳһˣ̫󣬳ٳٲͻƣɴҲˣ
˵ţһǿͳ뵽֮Сɲ֮䣬;ãбļ
쳹ɵˡ
Լǵģʲôӵĺ˰Ȼɲ֮䣬ü̵ֱҪ֪мˣҪһöһҲҪ߰׼ܴﵽЧ,
ˣǸ˸ݵˣ
˵˵ŹҰɣ˵ȫ˵ˣǸȻǰҲһԼѾ˵Уȹǰɡ
˵ɡҶı飬ǣѾע֮еļȴڻתҪͼƭң֪ѾҺܳʱ䣡
ңҡæıֻҶ죬ǰ棬Ǹ˰иŴˡ
ŶҶ˼Ļһ£ȷǰӵĸое㲻һ飬ǻˣ˵
ǣǡ΢˵֪ҶǴݹģӦ˵ŮĴɡָʹ˵ģŮ
˵ŮʱҶһθеݺݵĲ˼¡
Ůû˵Ҷɺܸɴ˵Ҳݹˣֻ·ŮʲôΪʲôģ
ԼҲݹţǼʴʹǸͰͷԼòƴûǸݹǿߴ
һ룬ԼǵݵģȻЩС̡ԼҲͲЩ̱ǿ֧֣ҲԪӤ߽׶ѣпǣˣ
˵ˣ˷ԼƭҲԱû¸ɣһ·׷տɣɱ̫˵㡣
˵ŮΪʱ۷壬ʱǺȶŮģǸʮҵСŮܺñϵġ
ŮΪʱҶɾѾԼ˳˵ģҶɲЦ
Ҿ˵أһˣȥͬǿҳҴʲô֣
룬Ҷֺʵ˵ʲôʲôͼ
ǣҶ¸䡣࿵˵ͼ˵ݹˣǻʻտǣ񼶸֣Ҳȫ֪Ůǿ壬Ϊġ
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478.
ν壬ʵǱʷΧһЩ˵
ҶɣȻûʡţֻԺ棬޹ء
ǣҶѾȫһƷѨĹѾһЩˮ׼һһҶɣȻˡ
ԭǿҵ塣ҶЦǺθڰңҲ±
ڻеͷԵģҶһּԼ˲ʹֶΣĳʵ̫̫Ҷ˵ھӦ
Ůʲô
ĺҶüطܹ࣬ǿߣҲߣѧʲôãƫƫҪѧ壿
ʹ޵ɱǲ顣ڣǵҶɣΣҶҲ׷Źˡ
ҶСӣͷܴҪ֣צֻ񽣳ѵ
ʲô壬ֻ񽣲ϡֻ֣ͷܴܺڳɾ֮ǰǾܵĲҪ¶μΪ
סҶааЦϷ룬һǻݵġ

ǿ籩ټһƬԭŰ
Ȼڵ籩ȻܸĺǸᲢۣǣѰǿߣҲ洳
һ죬ȻһǿߵӰƬԭıԵȻûж̳ͣǷ籩룬˲ƶȥ
ǿ߽ȥûãӰȻ˻ԭıԵϡ
죬ȷѾ䣿һİССŮϾĵʡ
ȻϽŮҵܸı·ߣȥʳأⶼǰŮķԸİ
ͺãĵ˵ͷҳһСӣҾͲٵˣ
ЦţҲй©μȵĽСӰ˲ʧããԭ֮ϡ
ħǶħʹҡҡͷʶֻӡҶˣҲǹģҾԲǹģȥҼ֮ȥ
ֵתȥĳУ˲ƶȥ

Х쫷磬ڶ߼һ졣Ҷɵ壬ѾȽӽǣȴҲòù΢һЩܣŵֵס籩ĳײ
Сʱ֮Ȼ˻籩֮Уǣʶ֮һĳУȻ籩룡
ʳǣ
񼶹޵Ĺʳǣ,
Ҷɲ֪ΪʲôȻѡԼǣԼоõֶŮ֮û⵽ǿߵĹַͬ¾Ǹʳйء
ҶСӣ㵨Ҳ̫˵㡣ֻ񽣳˵Ȼնɱȣᱻ֣צ֡ǣһСģпܱʳǵǿ߷֣Ҫǣĸйϵǻ鷳
ҪҶ΢΢Ц׼
˵ţҶɾͺΪֵ籩ƵãЩˡ
ãڱȣɵüͷ߹һ㲻ãûʳǣϵͷˣ
ϵȿʩҲȶ÷ʱ䣬ΪƣȻȻķڣȵҪˡ
ǼõĹƷ˷ˡ
һ룬̾ͼӿٶȣɵҶɵߡ
ѽⲻǴû뵽Ҳʳðգȹϲľɫϲ˵ѰԵڳɾ֮İɡȸҲйһ֮Ե˳ְһѺˡ
˵ţȾʩһҶɵס˲ٵ籩
٣߯٣֪ˣͲӦֶһȻת뿪̫߰ˣıȫ
ҶаԳţȴҲ˾ȵɫԭǰŶԭСŮ
ȽЦŶҽ磬СŮð
񺮡
Ҷɴ˵ϲ˽СŮҲýʱǶ󡣵ǣ׶˵ҶɻǾúѿֶ񺮡
Ҷɣ㻹òҰֻ񽣸оҶɵʱЦļˣֶ˵Ļ棬νˡ
ҶĿ˿崿Цݵȣ̲סһ񺮡֮һЩڣ˾ʹӸ߿׹
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ͻıʣ΢΢һ㶡ӦԼ׹˻þ֮ʱҶѾ󷨣Χס
󣬸ҰĳªҶֹˮһĿ⾼ĶСŮģȡ
죡ƭңΪֻɫ๴ᣬƵסСŮ˹ѸټһƮƵʼ
ǣȻȵֶκңƮҲҶɾ׼Ļ󣬲ɲǵʱ䣬ͱȸ˸ɸɾǣ뵽˼档
ʱ䣬Ⱦ;ԪӤ񶼱һĪţҪ
ã񼶷󣡡
ȱ͵죬̫̫ࡣȻҲûмѪɫ֪Ϊ󡱣ǣܿҵǡӦԷ
ѴѵԪ鵤̷ȥ鵤еİ֮Уڱ˼ɡ
ȻҪûһ£ֱܵˣҶ΢΢۾
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ҶɵһȣĸŷǼľʿƵã֣̾Ų沽ȵ࣬໥ţת
ܱߵ籩Ҳܵ󷨵Ӱ죬ѸͶ뵽ת֮УγصС硣
ζأȻܲЧҶ۾΢΢һ̾ˣĽЩꡢķ
ǣ죬
ɲ֮Ҷ̾ͽոķţʵս֮ȥͿֻǷķţȻʹǿ磬ײ˹ȥ
깥ԹǣðֻҲţΪҶɵԻڽкá
ȱæŽкáҶȴɫأ˵ȣҲǼ򵥽ɫ㿴磬Ȼκˣ
֮רŹļ󷨣ȲòʹӦԡȻҲ֪糯ԼǣȴֻȥӲ
СʮСССͺҪ顣ǣײʱ˰Ļ巨۸ˣû˵һë,
磬ɫҪҪȵӣֱ˵£òң仹СܲĿ꣬
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ǰ˵˹鹱˵ԼңҪ͵ʲôȥҲڵ鹱ڣν壬ʵԼˣ͵˹鹱
ֻһɲǵʱ䣬Ҷ̾һϢڼ԰ٷ֮ٵĿ϶ȲǿΪǿ壬Ӷڹ鹱л
ѹ
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ʲô󣬽ƾû֮ȻҾÿҪ鹱֮ʧȥϵҵԴȥ
Ц˾ִ֡һȹ鵤Ȼ󣬾ٴ趯ǸƮԼСС壬Ż
𣿡ҶȻһЦſָһ
֮ͷ·ɽһӣǳƮ֮ϡһϢ֮󣬾Ȼͬˣһѹȥ
ãҲѹˣҶɣʮޣȷʵûа׷ѣֻ񽣸Ӧһ£˵ڵǹƺûˡ㿴˥䣡
ĵȷȷģ˥䡣ȱֻʮСŮģڣССȻʼ480.׼
480.׼
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˳ǰ˫¿ȥ޳ԲȣĲ£һֳƵ·ݣǵ˸档
ǰҶɷǵûΪ֮Ķ˪ȵŮѾѹˣȻɫ.ңǲָ֪ôд
Ҷɵɽʱһ˵Ĺâֱӽ.ȸ

ֻһ˵֮âǶһξʧݺύģȵ׷
ȾȻڽЦȻջ󰡣磬ĶǿŶ
Ҷޱ飬ȵʲôֶΣ㾡ʹ
ôĽƣô㡣ҲҪˡ̬̾˿ɣǣ˵ƣȴѾ˷츲صı仯
ǹصֳˣȸղǿʮֻ񽣵ѵ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ
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Ǹоֻ񽣣ѾõҶɣǶǴӺζҲӦôܽѹȥ
𣡳ֱӽȸƺ
Ȼǰ˲ãȴǲܻ׽Ҷҡҡͷ
Ҷɱ㣬ʲôıƶãֱȥѹȡʮĥ֮ҶɾãˣҲԼֻѹ
ǣϸѯȵļս֮Ҷȴı⣬ûþסһСȻٳѹ
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ȻռȻҲֻɱ
ҶɴĴ֮ˡ
һǧ⣬һǧħһ
ѪɫеǿڣҲĿķ˳һǿ֮Ѹپʹ˼󣬳ȵԪӤļȥ
һǡ֮ꡣǳ׵׵ɱκ˶ͨȣļ䡣
ǿĹȴЦ׼һ꣡
˵˫֮䣬Ȼͳһаĺڶһ˵ѹѾʵʻһ㣬еĵײӵ,
ղŻȵĵʱͱѹ䣬ȫ顣֮Ҳѹ˻
ֻһȵ壬ǣҲѾǽ۵Ƥûа취ơ
ζǿ󣬺񣡲ļ񣡡ȻҲ޷͸Ǹڶǣֻ񽣻ǺܿжϳǸڵ
ֻ񽣳ѵͬʱȵĽЦ֮Ҳ˹
ҵĴ磬ζΣ㻹ͶɣֵĴڣտǿǿߣҲֱŶ
տǿǿǰ˼ˣٻģѵǰ˼ż񣿿ʲôЦ
ҶĿĿصĺڶȵ˵ļҲð߽״ڣҹȥ
нǸһ㣬˲Ͷ뵽صĺڶ֮С
ʲôڶ־ŭ˳ֻصҪң
ԽԽǸڶڣѸٳԶȥ

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ܣⲻܡȻҵһСӣô弶ܣ
ʵȴǲš
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ֻص⾳ҵıҲǿа˹֮ټϼļҵֻС弶񣬶Ըԣ
ļԸƴҲƵҶɵֻС󡣲˽ǱƣпΪƴ
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Ȼ
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һǧһͣȵĽ档
һҲҪȵԪӤ׽顣
֪Լ޷ɾˣⲢϡ档ԵʣԼôԻΪԿ񼶴ڣֻЩ̫̫ȴٳٲͻ֮ǿߣпһ㡣
ǣȾȻ֪ԼΪʲôٳ޷ͻ̫֮ˡҪ֪Ȼ۹ѾԽ˾ֻ񽣣ҲҲԭ
˵һ֣ȴ⡣
˸к壬ɵ΢˿磬㡭ŶˣǲֻùѪʯһ񼶲ϴ壿岻֮Բųٳٲͻƣ
˵һ㣡Ҷüͷ΢΢
ΪҪ֮δţ
һֱҶԼĸоֻ񽣵Ʋ⣬Ŀ궼ֱָԪӤ֮ڵǸ硣ȻȵĽͣҶɾú֡
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ıԴҶҡҡͷ˵ɹﱾԴ֮Ǹˣ
ȾûиȵģһҪҶɲԼĽͣԼ·һ
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ѪʯǻԡռԵ塣УǾҪռƷ׸ߵҪҪɱң˵滰ҾԲʱ䣡
ȻҶɲûκζǣֻԽԽĿ⣬Ⱦ֪Լû˵
ʱԼҲĺģһʿ˵Ԩ֮СڣҪµıԼ
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һߵĹԼȴַסҶɵ·Ҷ΢΢һݡòʱ˷Ͼ÷,
ԭǼȣ¶˵ϲɫ
壡Сȴǲ飡
ֻö˰˷Ͼ棬һ裬Ȼ󣬾ͽʢݿһ㣬˼̵İ˷Ͼ
ɫâɱҶüͷ壬ڵĹ󣬼ת
ȣôСӣȻҲܰ·߳ܡʲô󷨣
ĴЦȻ˼ĺС
ȲɵЦǸ׳գҲɱҪʳǺԵʣΪʵ̫ǿҶ䵽³Ҳûǿ٣ȻҲţ
һЩҲãҶɵûʲôһ㣬ҶɵİСȻ󣬶ܾˣҾϣˣ
ȰţεĿע£Ҷɿʼˡ
켣󷼼ȥÿһ켣ƮȻ󷼸о޷׽׼ȷĹ·
۾üʶҲȫ쵽ǣȴ޷׼׽סһ󷼣ʱ֪ǰСӣô׶Ը
ߣ׼壬ǿ񣬳ʰ
һѹ壬ֿռק˳׼ķϣʱ䣬һ׵ĺڶϺȻ֡
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ȾãҶֻպ«ưֳļ񶼲ԸԵһʱȻͿһԼ塭
Сӣܣ󷼵Ľ
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Ȼһۡʱ䣬Ⱦ;ڵȫ
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ԻΪѹͼˣҶѾ˵֡󻰡һɹɸǿҶɵģϵע뵽֮СȻµǿǣȴѲһǿ֮ήȥ
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ûķźҶɵ˵ͷ
ǳѩᣬԾۼгūһˣܸҪɾ˵ң˸԰
ҶһĸȻΪʱĹϵûдﵽʢǣ֮ȵıԴҲǿȴѵѹ
ϣܹѵһЩ巨ţҶţȵʶ֮Уһ޴ĳӰ
ƴķѾ˷ĵĹ˳ļ䣬ȫչʾҶɵǰ
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ڽĸ׵Ĵֻ֮ȣѾӵԪӤΪңֻȫĸ״ͿԳɾ֮
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ֱҶɵٻûҵһ֮߽ҶסԺ䣬Ȼ̧ͷһһƷŮһ˳վҶɵǰҶɵĽ̻塣
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֮ԻȵĻҪΪ顱ֻ񽣳˵ǰ֮ȷֱǵﱾԴôΪһֻ֮֮䣬Ȼϵ
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ʮǰĸǿǰǿߣԼҲ˳ɶԸ
ǣƫƫðҶսթļһңȻѧ˶Թǿֻؽ
ʮÿÿ飬ħͺ޵ҧгãʱܹĻûп壬ֱӰҶɸɱˣžȥð
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ħǽթģͬʱħҲǴġ
ʮһֱڿǣҶɳɾˣԼǲǸɴ೼ˣϾǻʱôɾ֮󣬾͸ԼܹԿˡ
ڣȻҶɲûгɾˡǣһ֣ͰԼѹˡǷһ㲻ãҶڵսԼ֮ϣ
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ʲôֶħǲ졣
㸩ĹֶҶ΢΢һЦһħͶʱһͷӿеȥ
⣬⣬⵽ʲôħŬάŹƽ⣬ʵ
ʵģͲöʣҶЦ֪Ҵ˷ӡͿΪǡֻӣżˮ׼Ҳһƿ
ħģȻȥ

ĺһҶ֪ˣʥɣҲòô鷳ˡȻѾңҾͿԴ뿪⴦ӡ֮ء
˵ţҶɽӡѾõľʥ˳ӽѪɫ֮СѪɫʶڶ໯֮С
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ħǣǵĺҶɳʵ
ǵġħĻشĺó󷨣ǳأҲǻۣǷӡ֮©һǣͲܿӡ֮ڡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷɵûˣǿĽһǣȫƳһ
Ҫħ㲻ãǼҲпܽ
Ҷɲ֪ǣ˼ʱҲȵ˼Լ˼Ϊʮķ룬Ϊǿߣͻģ֮

𼤶Ľţ˽ĻУһΪΪ
Ǻǣɵӣô飿鰮ĸű𳤳㷢˵ڤǿߣ˭Ķֻ֡ܳŵˣҰѵӡҲΪⲻǲŸո͸ӦĴڣѿգ˲˹
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һʧǵģڱ̲ס͸Ҷ˷Ƚϡ
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һУȫ˱򸾵ԭǺܿض֮ʵġڣǴϵ˼Ҳ͵ȥ
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ܲܿȥɡż˵,
ٺ٣ôҵ𣿡֮ʯЦﵽڤ򣬾Ҫü򡣵ǵˣҲҵɵˡңһӣĻ᷵رڤҿδذɡȥĥһ£֮ķ羰ѾǿĿ
ˡ̾˿ͷ˵ôΪǰ׼ɡɣ㵽飬Ҫܹ

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ǲ𼱼е飬ҽ˵ġҪŮˣôܹ
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οյӺʶأ־Ҳǿ嵽ڶҲ˳ˡ
ޣһͽܣӦڤЩǿߡ
ǣҲ֪ԺҪԵģ²ǱڤǿߡȻвĵĹ涨ǿߣڤ򡣵ǣջ֮£ǻʲôӵ顣
û̻شţЩٵš
˶ķޣȫоɷ뷨΢΢һʵ๫òǡ
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ū͵ȻûȨˣǣֱǣħ˺ܾãõСˣķӡһЩ
ħ´ŭҶɣҰѻ˵꣬ǣ֮ȴѾԡ
ҶɲΪҡҡͷ
ħȴ⣬ΪҶǵطˮ׼
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ȣǱħҪ˼ǰ
ħҶ֪ʮۺֻҪ뿪ӡ֮أ̾ͻἶԼΪԺͷܣʲôģħΪá
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˵ħʱ˾
ҪҪħԣ
˰ɡҶɷ°ۣҪа취ȥˡһվȥС֮ʱ㣡

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һ̣ҶɵĹħкȻһšءӡصӣҲҶɵԽԽǾη
׻жֶΣ
벻ͨסδ֪ǿδ֪ȥħħҲò궯ģľĬĬҶʩΪ
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ŶҶɲüܿʹħļ֮Уħȭķ˳
շħ֮Ҷȹķӡ֮ȥˣûüȥħļ䡣ΰħȭķѳҶɲɵø̾ѹôԸԭȻһſеȭ
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ȻҶһ仰û˵ħȴѾ˵
޷أ˵

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ǰǿĴŬҩ飬Ҷɸ̾治֪ǵĴӺζĴĺôܸƴ˸ܾˣ
Ҷɵʣ׸ֻ񽣵ĵǣֻȴԶ
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ǷҶ֮Уܵĳɾҩ飬Ҷɾץʮ
ݡҩȴһأЩɾҩ鸹
Ȼ˾ƷߣҲǧƷļ۸ҶҡҡͷջǺ⡭,
տģżһڼƷı֤
ҪտǵıûиʮڼƷ鱣ףͲ
Ҫ֪Ȼ˵ǧƷǸֲֵǣտϣҲһյĽ
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ţҶɲĿ˿ֻ񽣣㲻˵ЦѲɣҰ
ֻ񽣣ȷʵܵòǮţտ棬ǧڡڼƷ飬ʱĵó
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Ҷ֪𰸣ֻȴƫƫ˸ӣٺЦȥȪˮٰ˵ҳ׻ָ֪֮𰸡
Ҷɸֻ񽣴þˣֻ֪˵Ŀ˵Ϻüʱ˵ٶҲǰ״ǣҶһڴʱУѰ©ĳɾҩ飬һѰȪˮ
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ܵģʵȪˮװȪˮƿֻ˵ĺһ㶺ˣȻƿʵ˲Ƶ󷨽װȪˮƿ棬Ӵˣ֧ƿͳ
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ǺЦţҶɳħڵķ˲ƶȥ

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һ⣬ֻ֮˳ҶɾͿԼ˺üµĺ˳
һŮޣһι״ĸǿˣｻЦƪһļӹʼûͣļ
ֻ֣ԽԽǾȣȻҲǰҲ̫Źˣ
ҲûлָɡҶɲ²
ԭ򣡡ֻƶ˵㿴ǸģĺҶóο㣡
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ҶҲԽԽ棬ѲɣԼǰķǳֻôһȣҲɣ̾ʹ֮ȡעֻ֮С
ʱ䣬ԭЩģʷ̾ͱøˡֻܶضδŵһǳ,
ףа˼˰ɡǸǾż񣡡ɣŮǰ˼ڣǿԱȼɵˡ
˵˵ţֻسĬˡ
ĺ˺ܶ鰡ҶЦЦǲ֪ĺʲôͣôĴڣǰݷ
ЩʷпԿĺЩǿĴƽƽġ˼ǣĺȻԸɵǰĴƽƽǣԴ߼ǿʱҲûа߸ϵ˼
ʵǿ˺ܾãֻطüͷ˵Ϊĺ֮Ҳ˵ͨĺ֮ΪʲôûйѰĺأ
ĺţö˶˵ķĺУ뵽ҶɵĿڴĺŲ棬ĺһ֮ΪҶóȥĻҲҪǧڼƷ
ܺö˶˵ĴĺУ˵ǵЩ˲Ϊĺ֮Ľڣĺ֮ǻԼͬĺܣĺŲ֮ڡǲ֣ĺŲҲͱ˸ˣﻹȵõҶǰ
Ҳһ˵ţҶɾʹֿռУһ
ˣҵֻ֮㲻ӵûϷֻذ˰֣ɥ˵ҪôҸˡҪôСӵǰ֮ǳԽ֮Ĵڡû뵽֮ҾȻӵ⣡
֮⣬ֻػǸڣҶɵǰ֮ǳ
ҶҲˣû뵽Լǰ֮գȻôƽ⡣
ˣԺΪǿˣ顣һ㣬
뿪̫ԶԼû취ǣ۷عǣǿһЩ˿
Ȼ
ֻʮ꣬Ǿͻˡڸ˭ս˼û׷ˣѾ־壡
ɽɡΪ˼ΧѾȫˡƾ֣ҲЩɽչ黹ǻḴ˵ġ
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492.ʽϣ
פĺŲص˴ѾõƷҶһǸǾɱĸض֮С
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ҪЩɱ󣬹ҵĹ󡣿£Ǹ߼ˣҲɱԶһɱɭȻľɱҶɲԸ̾
УҪЩ󷨣ٵóɾ͸߼ˣֻغĴҶɵİΣ취⸣ضһԵĶˣԺоɡ
ٺ٣Ǿ͵ˡ˱ͷŰȻվԼϵֻأҶЦ
ɶҪҵֻضʱ͵ɴ۾Ҷɣ㲻Ҫˣƽȹϵû㹻ĺô֮ǰǲ׳ֵġ
ѲɣԺһٻһˣ鷳ġҶɹĶұֻ֤ҪҰ⸣ضˣұ֤տ֮ϣȸʮ
Σμտĵʽ𣬻Ҫҳ֣ܳõҾռͷСӲҪ̫թֻûĵҶһۡ
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ţֻغȵСˣǿ׼ҵĺˣһΣҾȳ֣Ǯһءסˣ
û⡣ааЦݣҶɵϸ֡

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ȥȥҶ˵ǵãҪȥ̺ţš嫺ɡ嫺ҲԲ£ǾȥУտԽԽˡأЩ׬ǮǡͷϻǺܿԣģ
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ıȻҲҪǿļʦԼǿĻûȿ嫺ĴţͱһǿĴڣý²ˡ,
弶弶弶찡һĻͶ弶ڡǸߵ¥Ļǿˣ
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սսĽţηηĲűŲʱȻһϲڲԶ
⾳ǡֻһŻӣϲ˹λŮɣҪԸһڼƷ㲻õ嫺Ҳ嫺ٸǺѣӣ嫺ǻҵġ
ɶһڼƷ飿
ʱ䣬ȣǸļʦȫɵˣ(δ)
עԱɻ˽ܣ㣡
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һƣƷļ۸Ҳ˵һҲּ۸һڼƷ飬ϼǧһ棡
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ǼʦͿʼµĴȵòˣĥţǲǲ鿴ŮɣһڼƷ鵹Ҳˡ
Ǽʦ˼ʱ򣬲Ҳˡ
ô𣿡΢΢üȻЦҾټһ㣬һǧΣȥУԼҲּ۸ˡ
Ȼּǧ
⣬ȾãԼͷѾЩʹˣǰҪһǧһ
һһüǺǣԭһ⣬ľΪҪ֥Цˡ**(..
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ʱ˿̣ǸľļʦڷӦ˹
¥ܴ˵¥ܴ˾Բƭˡ汦ǰϹһ˫ۣ
Ҳ˵һڼƷԼܹõٷɡ˵Ϊ嫺˼ıҲǱӵ鰡Ǽʦڶ̾Լ˷һѵĻʱȻŹ⣬Щļֱ
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ڣʦסĻᡣ
λŮɣղŶеʦæ˵˳죬ԸΪŮļʦ
ԼȻԻøӷĻرǣ֪ԼûˡӸĴڣԼҲͬǺôࡣ,
ԴĳԼ΢Цĳ죬ȷŷһ㡣
弶ˣǼʦȻֿ˵ʱ䣬Ⱦ;ãȻԼίΪūģǣѡƺҲܲ

ˣȻˡģȳҶɾϹʩ񡣵֫ʱҶ͸죬޷⡣
ôˣҶɵĿ⣬ûǷ֮ͣܿ˻
ȾЩɥǣܿ˾񣺡˵ĻܹǧƷ飡
Ȼûƭȣʣ嫺ûгһǧôߡǣҲѾʾ޿޻˵ˡҶɵĸоҲɹȥ購ζ
ĲҶɵ˵ͷȥŪһµȰ䡣
һڵıֻ֤ܻʸҲ˵ֻɢϯڣԻһµȰ䡣еȣʮڲܽߵȰ䡣ڸ߼İ䣬Ҫı֤͸ӿֲˡҶֻǲͷ¶棬һ㹻ˣû̫ࡣ
ʱȴѾȫȫΪ˿ˣ˵ˣֻµȰĻıʱЩ鷳
ŶҶһȵļ䣬ܿ죬ҵ˹ڰݣԭƶȶÿϸ񡣡
֪տģǧһտĵıǧտֵıƷʣҪ߳ܶܶࡣ
ǿ߶տǾģгԽտĴڡԣòЩ׼
˵ҲǡҶɵ˵ͷ˵ٵҪһϵȰ䣬Щ鷳
鷳ʲô鷳˼ңҿûжֻ֮ˣִֻӽб˳Կǰǿˣôмŵͽ񼶷ҲǮ
˸ô㣿ҶɺٺЦ߷ֿɾͲƽ˰
Сӣ˵ͦġֻƲƲ죬ˣˡƣЩҩʲôģͳͳˡʱˣ
ҶɾȵĿ˿ֻء
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ԭҶǴѾļħ档Լ졢ȣװӺˡ
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Ҷɲ֪ǣȥμտĵʱйһ֮Ե󷼣Ѿһشڵƿ֮С
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ԽǿҾԽϲͺԽǿŮˣԽǹζ
˺һ󷼵ȹ˺ƬѾڵ󷼣ǵκηǺܹ˳ģһèһĽ

ҶɻûμӹᡣûйƱ۵ľּǿߡȻľƶ˵ǾˣǱǾҲҲ**(..
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Ծͣһˮ׼޴죬ֱӱŮӵˡ

죬Ȼ֪ԼղǸŮӵˡ磬ŮҲû뵽ⳡʮǧտϣԼӵļһҶҪľʦ
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һ߽ϵȰ䣬Ҷɾһϳյ˸΢档ɢŵơ
ˣֻǺƽ쳯һų͵ľҶʾƽĵľɵļҾЧã˿һ¡
ľھ֮ϡΪԡ˾ףҶɺ߹ȥһòķľ֮ϡ,
ⷽľʣǰĳľǲݻ򵥵ֱģէȥҶסĿջļ˽
Ϊԡ˾סĲˣҶɶľľʼ͵ĺ棬ʮֹ˵ˣľܹôѾѵˡУľдľ˵ľеḷ̌ټֵһƷ飡
Ҷɻĵ˵ͷ
ѹֻʽҲɣ̫رȣôõĻᣬϽľΪ
򵥵ĵһȵȾ;ãԼ˵룬ƺ̫ЦˡǱʶ;ãһжΪԼľΪ̫͵Եʡ
Ⱥħǣȴû
ˣҪҪҸһ裿裬տϵز֮󣬿˸һЩܡϵȰ䣬ϵ衣˵һɼʣܣ
ҾͲˣȫȣҶɰ˰֡
ҲԼʶƵĿ֮£Լȥ飬κūȫԾ۵ס
л˺ͣոȣ
谡˵ϵƷʵģµƷʵģԼҲûг
쵹Щƣźˣ˵һˣԼһö񵤣ԼͿͻڵƿˡû룬ȴȡ
ҲҲ裬Ȼūеλֵ֮ġ
跽ڣȻȾ¶ϲ
ӰȻȵ󣬻һĳȹϡ
壿ܲ񼶷ţɲ֮䣬ҶҲ񼼡
ҪлˣͻȻ˵ˡ
ӰͰ͵ģȾһ仰˵
˵ǾħˣҶɼϵֻأҲ̲סԷ°ۡʲô°˼Ů˼ڣ˼ҶֻŪһӰСôһӵĳأ̫
ڴұҶɵŵ˵ʱ棬ɢϯһССɧ(δ495.
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ˣ⼸ˡһϳǼµļһó֮ڻ깥Ļ塣
Ϊȥץԭȶǿ
Ǽ֣ЦļһأҶʵ
˷߷߲ƽĶǼɫǿߡ⼸ǿ߶ֻΪǼձļϣ⼸ǿ١ǣϵƣȴȫˡ
ǻġҲеԲ׼ϲԽս֮ʲôԹɡ
򰡡Ҷɲɵ˼꣬û˵һˣ
ꣿǿǻ˰Ⱦһһ˫裬ͲԾĽסС졣
Ҷɱһʡȴûϵ˷Ӧ.._&amp;&amp;ɣ

ֻѹͺ͵Ƶã˵оż
ż񣿡Ҷɲüʶģ

ɢϯеɧңܿͱˣķɾ䡪
ģǻģͳͳӳȥ
Ȼͷβִӵǿǣһ仰û˵ǣжõԡʱ䡣ټɢϯʮȼͬǿߣȫ
ССĸ̾һҶɽһ⼸ִӶԱȻʵ˵֣Ǹоɣ
ǿ򣬾Ǽ͸ҵģҶҲ
ô˿Գʱȥһ˻һ¼ꡣ˵˲ҪһЩϢ𣿳˵Щ֯ǾϢ֮һ
ȫϢҶɾȵգգ۾
ǵģʮֿ϶ĵ˵ͷϢֵǮڣеϢļֵᳬ񵤣ǿϲˣԽսõϢҲǺܿɹ۵ġö֮ͳ˻׬ǮĳֶΡ
˼ҶЦЦٴתɢϯһΣΪһῪʼˡ
ǧտģֳ˺ܶೡΡγֵıˮ׼ε
ԭƻǰᡣҪɢϯǿߵġȻǿȤĻҲԳ־ġ,
ĳΣµȰ䣬еȰ䣬ȵȵȵȡЩеıɢϯǿҲǲܾģֻǳ۵ĻҪ֤ԼĲ
ҲΪʲôȽ˻ǮһϵȰԵˣͱֳ֤鷳ǣҶɻȤȥĸǿı
λһӵͷĿ⾼ɨһȫͲϻˣһ
ֻһŮޣһ̣ҡҷ˵һ첼ǵȼߵİеǿߣʶû취͸첼˵ɢϯеЩǿˡ
һǣѣ
壡
ȫһ
ʵÿǿ߶ֻССķһ̾ǣϾǿ̫ˡµϵģǳʮʮ˼巢֮ҲΪƴ
Ҫ֪Ǿ棬ҪˡѣǼ亱ıǿ󣬸ոշСƾнΪԼӵ̣ܳ嵽֮ûһЩʱ츳ɾҲʲô¡һöѣȻΪ֮Щ߸ϵĴҲɵ÷һ͵͵ľ̾
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һȻǳѡᣬССϼᣬҲֶͬĵطҶ΢΢ЦţԼΨһμӹϼᡣ
λʶģ಻ܡǧÿͼӼһ򣬸λ룡
ҶҲˣϼ᲻ͬǣλʦͲȥȾҲ֪ΪһıﲻֵȥȾأΪƶô˫۾ţΣȾǲȾȫһ
һ·ֻյʱ䣬۾ʹǧĵͼۣһӳ嵽ǧ
ǧ򣡡ȻһеȰ棬һͳ
ûиеȰģɢϯ
ʱǿ߲ˡͻǿߵ³벻Զ¾Ƣļһˡ
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ҲҶȥ߾ֱۻĵ̸ⷽţ͵Ҷɵİ䡣.....
ǧļƷʯҶɿѡֱӴӱ֤п۳ҲѧһԼĵƷʯȥ
ǧ򣬻ڶñ֤Ҷɳħʹ˸ɫħͽǧļƷʯȥ
ãϣ˵Ʒǡ
ҶɲûȥĽƷǽոյֵĳѣ͸ȡ
ˣǸȵģȼأЩˡ
Ϊūʱ䲻㳤ǣѾεĽͰ͡˸Լĳʵ̫̫ࡣ
ҪʵҪս˳ѣﾲޣ
ҶɵɡûҶɵҲѾˡ
лˣȹڵءʵʵߵ˼ͷȻĬĬ˵˰Ľϥ
СӣֶǲûпڵֻأǺϷʵǲǴ㣬Ҳö
Ҷɿۼ죬ԼȻᣬҲ΢΢𶯵ħǺЦǵÿ
ͺڻӦҶɵĴƵãڶƷܿ챻󣬵Ʒˡ
ڤѪ
һΣȫûղǰ䶯ȻڤѪҲǺܺıǡֻйǿ߲ҪǾУϾμտĵĹǿߣֻٶѡ
沨ıۣҶЦǺǵĶħ˵ڤѪҪˡ
ͬǧļۣͬյʱ䣬ֻǧ򣬾Ȼ䳡ˡ
ǧһΣǧڶΣǧ򡭡
ߺΣҶɴһʱ򡭡
ǧ򣡡
һӸߵȼİ䴦ƮȻ
ʼ䣡ҶҲɵòĵͺһ
ϵȰ֮ϣоʼۼĸȼİ䡣ڽ֮ǰҶƳ˼ۡһЩǲƴֵĴڣǸߵȼǿߡأʼ棬һ
鷳ҶɿЦҡҡͷЩǿȣһֻǸСӰ
ʼ֣ԼûҪپۡҪ֪ǻʼı֤𡣿ǿֲ飡
ֻغٺЦСӵȻܸȣǷ˸ϹŲأȵǼҴҵ󣬻ۺ񰡡,
ߵȼĴڣٶӵһġֻؿȫ֡ҶɣҲڲѹȴڡ
ħҲĿ˿߸ϵĻʼ䡣Щˣȴû룬·ɱ˸ɫ
ˣƺûǿǰҶҪʱȻ˵
˼ǡҶ۾һߺ֮ǰ˵ǧһ򣡡
һΣӼһ򡣲Ϊһ֣ΪСС̽һ¡
Ȼ
ǧ򡣡ǸʼĴڣûȻӼۡ
ƣҲǸһһūͣҶд󶨡
ʶȿ˵ʲô½ɫʵϣֻؼⷨȾŽ񼶷
Ҫ֪ɵۣҲûжپŽ񼶷ʼеĴھôҲӵҶ
ħߣȵߣߣ൱Լߡ㶥Ϊ룬ĳȥǮ
׼һҶɣҲżģһһ̧ۡڣ۸ǧŰʱڲˡ
ȳѹһ㣬ֵҶ΢΢Цţһʯͷ׸ħ
ڤѪʵѪʿѪҺڣ
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Ҫ֪ڹ˵ΪٸߣֻҪͬԲһЩĻϵʿҪԵ㰵
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Ҫ֪ȻɢϯУҲѡڤѪັıǣռ۸ͿԿóЩͲտеǡ
ߵȵĵۼ䣬ҪһǧڼƷı֤ɴ˿ɼЩѹϷľ
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߲ͬˮ׼ıô״룿ܶʱ֮ǿǣΪҵضԡضˮ׼ıò˷ʱ䣬˷Ѿ
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ȻߵĻ䣬۾һ·ܿ죬ʹǧƷһ顣˰ǧƷ飡
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ģȫһΰ
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ĴֱʣǷǧտ棬ҲǼ侪˵ġ
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ȻֻмƷǣļֵӦó˰ɡˣļ۶̫ͣܿ죬жϡ
ȻһҲգ۵Ĺ򣬼۸һǧڣ
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Ҳ԰Ƴ˼ɾҪˣֻҪַʩѾûɢɳˣҲ԰л
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յĿһһƷǰһһӹҶɱΪⳡᣬԼͽ׵׵ĵһͣȥˡȴûϵԵۼῪʼһƷȻǵüͷ塣
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ûֻصͷ˵֪ζʲôɡ
ɵţöĴڡѲɣǰ֮ôҶɵı飬Щˡ
ɵۣǸ߸ϣ˾ˡɵţöࡣѲɣﵽֻɵּҶɾκģһʱ䣬ýʵ
ū͡͸ɴεˡ־˵飬͸һ壬ӵԽܡ
ֻأ㻹ЦĪڿңһЦֻأҶû˵
ǺǣжϿԼµģʲôû˵ֻʼ磬ٺЦжϡһֿܡҲпܣ顣˺İ㣬˳
ֻߣֻǷߡҪ֪ڵʱ̫ˣһָ˶ʢʱڵΪҲû׷ôԶʷ
֮ԻܶࡣԼ½ۣû˵ˡ˷롯
Ҷûĵֻһۣ󵼣һȥ
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ʷǾֻǵȴڣǾ֮
ǸᰡֻҲεҡҡͷڿԪӤ֮еǸ磬Ϊǰ֮ƣ֮ĹͬԴǰֻ֮Ҫ֪ǰ֮ǰ֮գҵƽƿİ취ǣҪȥǾ͵ͻƿٳɾ͸߼ˡᣡ׵׵ᣡ,
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߼˼ƻʣżƵۣǿ棬ĵĬ֮ǰ׷ʤտʡڣҪһտɵۡˣ
ֻ߶߶ʱЩۼʼĴǣѾտɵ۵ءصʸûУ˵ҶֻϵȰСɫˡɴ˿ɼȻûγ׼ɭϵĵȼƶȡǣлһڵġ
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ˣǿǿҶ̲סҡͷ̾һҪ䳡
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յƣһĽľ׷ɷȫֻ⾳
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ȻˣǧڵĹۣŽ塱ʵʼֵ̫Զ̫Զ
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ǣҶҲû취Ӽˡʵϣֻʱֻ֮˽ȥ۵ʸûС
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ҲҶҪġòǼٵģҲǼٵģȲ֣׷飬Ҳͷȥˡ
塭
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ǣôţҲ˵ʮ갡СôҲ׷ֻغٺЦ
ʮꣿɹϵġҶҲǺЦЦǸϽ˵˵ôӦǸˮҰɡ
򵥣ֱӳԵֻааһЦȴģҶûһǷɽš

ռѹϷҶܻǱһʯͷѹţýѡ
ȫɢˣҶȴߡ
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ȴһ֣ҶԺöˣЩ
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ȴûѯʣǼ顣ĿħȡһͣȻ󣬳ʵЩӣ
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ļŮɲѰǿܹĴڡ죬ֱӸӵˡ
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Ҫ֪ȻҶɳտɵ۵ļӣǣûܼտɵ۵档ãڳ֮󣬹Ҳ̫ܸҶɴˡǣҶܹɾм߼ˡ
ӵһƣҪԼʲô鷳ͿкһȺǿ߰֡Զĵط˵տǵΧڣҶɾԿԺˡ
ֵ̫ˣԺᣬһҪͳͳץס
˰ɣôᣡһΣѾǴˣֻûĴϢõҲûټ
ԸҶɽ̸˼䣬ɾ֮þԸˡõݡλǲԴҶɻظۡġѾҶƣ飬Ҳʹþ˽֪ˣҲĸۡЩῴֻϡ
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Ҷɣֻūͻ˺ôԼһﶼûš
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˵ʲôһ׬ʮϰڣֻǿЦǣҶڵȷ̫̫̫̫̫̫ȱǮˣ
Ϊ˷ǣū͵ıɫο˴Լ
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ܿ죬üԷҶɵǰ(δ505.׬Ǯ£
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԰ɲĵطȻȥְȥټ֣
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ҲǸˣҶɵȨ͸ҳɱˣ
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տǵǶ֪ԭտǣȷʵġ
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԰ǵϲһض졣ǿߵսУǽĻ԰ٵˡ
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Ȼ¾տĺҲܽģҪʵ˵԰ɲĵطΪ弶˵ȥգҲҪټֲС
ǣҶһ˳԰ڴʱǲˣԼǲѾȷжǿΪˡ,
ˣְѣְ֪˵ʲôΪһ߸ӵ˵һ˳˵飬ְý¡
ĸЩһΪҶ˾Ϊ
һ㣬ɾˡҶ̹ȻӦ԰Σգĥҵ־𣿡
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ĵĵ˵ͷȴûһ˶˵

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أȻɽͨ嶼ڵɫȻǻ֮ңǣɽϵȳ֮ȴӭ洵Ҷľͷ£ⷳĵȳ֮Ҷ⣡
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ĸףܾտһͷɡҲѹ֣ᴥ顣
Ҷҡҡͷû˵
磬һǿʳĲп硣ԼӵһһЩıƣԼͱ֣ѹˡԼӣҲضø䱯ҵ³
Ƹλ׷Ҳ׼Ҫ˵ѪȣӲпᣡ
Ըлһ֮Ҷɾʹʽ԰
ղͨʵֻǽ԰ŻҶվλãǾ԰һ֮ңһƬ㰲ȫĵؽ磬ǸðʱϢĵطĵؽ磬԰滹м֮ǰѾϸĸ֪һС
ҶɸҪȥʱ򣬺Ȼ
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ĿȥһӰ⣬ٷ˹(δϲⲿƷӭͶƼƱƱ֧֣Ķ506.׷
ֻصʶж˳һֻ񼶷ݣ
ʱūͱҶսֿռ䡣֮ðգ˶ھͿԵģҪʱ򣬽ū͵ۼԼϡ
ֻ˵Ҷ̽ū͵㼯
Ȼ񼶷ݣ˫ͷģ弶˫ͷӥѹǿҶɲĵ˵ͷǣʱѷ𣿡
ﷴǿԲҪͼ԰˲ơһǿԵģǣҲԲҪٶȹ졣һʱѷ֮УǾͲ֪ᱻ͵ʲôطȥˡ
ǣ˫ͷӥļƣֹǷɵĹ죬ֱǼ硣·ֻ̣ʱ䣬Ȼͷɵǰ

ǿķγһ֮磬˫ͷӥΧס˫ͷӥֻ۾׺ݵĶҶɡɹ״ļ๷űĹâƺʱҪҶɶݺݵ
ĶһֻϣŸʲô˫ͷӥļϣһۻ˳
ֱʱҶɺֻطŷ֣˫ͷӥıϣȻһޣ
ȻûǺεȵҶɲɵаݡ
ɢȥǸ˵棬µ˫ͷӥҲ漴Ρ
Ҷһδ㵡*..*!顣*
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ǰֻ˫ͷӥʲôйصĴʻݣݡڣҶǰģȻһ̬ȣ޳òҲŮӣ
ľ޴󷴲Ҷɲ
ʱʵСӣϹʲôС˫ۣ
Ҷüͷһ塣ɫĲת壬ʹ㻻һ򣬽԰
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ʱ䡣Ҷɾ;ͷðߡ
һ룬ǰĿ˫ͷӥٿǰøЦŮеһƴmmҶɾ;ã֮治С仰ֱǷ֮ĺ׼ˡ
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תͷһ룬Ÿոա˵ЩġԴ͸нîˡֲɵӣܻһЩ˿ġ
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ף׷ҶɵһüǣҪƵʱ򣬺Ȼͻعʦĸĸʿ
տݵĲ٣ǣݣܴģɾֻôһλع׷ɫЩˡ
ҶɲԹɫЦһѲɣ˵˼ҵ䣿
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ҽʦĸãҸ֮䣬ӦʲôϵҶɵϣ¶Ϊζı顣
Ȼ򲻳ˣǾͺúŻһʡֺģ
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ее׷æ˵֪СֵܣǵѣŶǰմ׷԰ް꣬һŲ֪һŲ֪
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ֻѾЦشˡ
ҶǿסЦ⣬Ա˼ţңΪͶˡҽֱҵ־Ϳˡ
ҡ׷æ˵硭ѣǴ԰
ǰֻһɾˣһԡ
׷̾ҵѵг̣룬롣
νǰƺ󹧣׷ǵ͡
Ҷ΢΢Цţ߽԰(δ507.Ѱ棬ʱѷ
Сӣ湻ġ//
ߵԶˣ׷ĶϢӦˣֻزŴ˳վҶɵļϡ
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ֵطĥ־бڣֻ˳Ҷɳʵ
֮أ汦ҰɡֻغٺЦǸ׷ǿްҲ޸ٳɣøϵϰտġ
˵Ҳǡ
ҶɳӦţһһӡƬι죬ʯβɽ֮УѰ档
ͣͣû߶ԶȻֻؾͣ
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ûֻЩµ˵û뵽ʱѷΡ//⻨Ƕ䣬Ҷûз֡öСˣһ˽ȥ㲻þٲˡ
Ҷصĵ˵ͷʵô죿֩뻨ӦĽֵܲᣬҪĵȴɡ
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Ʒ飬˵ѾǾ޿άָٰʮģͲ⡣ǣǿ˵⻹ġ
࣡ǲడ
ҶɺĿ˿ǶӭҡڵС;ãھһտ֮ԼθҲúܴܴ󡭡

Ҷɵθڱúܴܴ׷ƢҲúܴܴ
ûиȻô˵Сӣص˳֪ȥ׷;ãԼǱ𿾹һ꣬ǴͽףнסСֻڱ˸ۣȻͳɵ۴˵ļӣⲻƽ̫ƽˣ
ǣ׷Ҳֻڼ¡ҳȥ˵ͺÿһ֪ˣֻĽּ޵߶䣬İԼıԹʹʹ˵
׷ǲ˵ǣȴ˿ó
Сӡտɵ۵ļӣòСӰɡǸɫһտˡǺôԹҲ֣ܳҲñ˳֣,

Ҷ֪ѾһССİɰĵˣԼ
ʱ˿̣һûŪ֣ȴѾʱѷ졣ԭͲļѵİ棬ڱøͷۡ
Уȥˣ
Ҷһƨһ黹ƽʯϣȵʯȲƵ顣üͷҡͷڵ̾ʲô
ôˣֻز˵ⲻ㰡ôҲʮĿһЩ
ûҶɳ˵ҪֻǴҲͰˡǣѰģţٶȣʲôʱҵ㹻ıֻ룬ǸĶֻ˫ͷӥô͸أ
˭֪ҲֻصĻû˵꣬ͿҶ۾
˫ͷӥ·ľʶ֮УطţҶһһϸ
ߵٶȡܴ󡭡òƣûκ㡭ʱѷ죡ʱѷ춼
ûܰ˶ԶҲһǧ·ɣ˰ʱѷ죡·㲻ãǰҲһ·ķɣ϶ٵʱѷ죿
Ѳɣߵ·ߣûʱѷһݾûΣյĽݾ
ҲԣĽݾֱˬûܲ˵ߣʱշ򣿡
һһֵĿԣҶɵʶݡڣϸлûʱĳøӱֶΣһһ齫Ķһһطš
ܲᣬǱƽɣȻһܵ뷨Ҷɵʶ֡
ñʱѷ죬Ȳ˵жɣ˭ȥðգһɣʱѷ˲֫壬ǿɾͱˡ
ǣҶȴãǸϺе˫ͷӥ㲻ɣ
вУһԿ
ҶɺһվڶԪ˳(δϲⲿƷӭͶƼƱƱ֧֣Ķ508.ʱշϣ
ǵİɣ
Ƽֻչüʮɵľͳӣֻغǲ졣...ܿ죬ͷӦ˹
ĶҲаڶԪ񣬻ûгɾˣ
Ķ弶񣬾ǱҲܸȥȣ
Ҷ΢΢ЦܵһԣˣͻڶԪ񡣷Ҳǵһξʹˣ

ֻصɴ˫ۣûɵġڶԪԸȥֱ̫ˡ
һεģֻؼʶҶɵĺݣҶɵĹ
ҲҲԭɡ뵱꣬ҪҲôݡֻذ̾˿ҶɣԾӵļ

ٷС
˵ĶٶȡǣЩͼ˵շٶȣҪöࡣ
Ҷɽū͵ע˵ڶԪԵʡעصڶԪʣôǿͻֻûгɾ˵ĳķˡ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬵ڶԪ񣬾ײһʱѷ졣ǿݺݵֻӵһ壬ҶѾо˺ѷεۣ
ʧڶԪʹ಻ʧԪΨһĲǣʧ˱Ԫ񣬻ҵʧ˵ڶԪ񣬻Լ
УȥУĿšֳӵ壬Ѿǵʱѷ˽ȥֻزɵô
ʲôеģٿѣҶ˹Ѳɣ⻹ϸӼѣѲɣ⻹ȶսǧ޸ӼѣãҸоˣƣʲôʱѷ죬ƣ
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һ쵽ʱѷ
ֻؾ;ãѾҪԼˣӾͺȫȫۿ
ǵİɣȻ˳
ʱ
ˣˣҶ쳤ЦֻأǱƭˡơ˶ƭˡʲôʱѷ죬ֻһʱշ
ֻסˡ
Ҷɽӵ֫Ӳ˳𺳾͹ǿҵˡҶɾȻ˵ʱѷ졭
ѵѾۻ軨ˣ
ģֻʶ鿴ʱѷʮ顣ֱҶɽڶԪƴˡֻضûпκζߡ
ÿˣⷨǿߡһǳǳҶɳ˵ֻ֮ȴûľֻءʱշ򰵲ֻ֮У²ܲģֻأҲ
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ιֻءֻˣѣѣòɵ˰ɣòֻ˰ɡֻسճմģҶɺǵģҲֻôһ˵ɱϡǵɱʲôƨҪ󣬲ͷ˰,
Ҷæ߶ţֻһʱ벻˶ˡ
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ģҲˡֻؿЦҲףΪʲôԼ¯ʱֻɵۻǰȰˡԭ޵ȴҶɣһﾪˣ
Σ㲻˵ûֻ֮ͻ𣿸飬ƭҰҶɾȵĵֻأʱ;ãԼС飬˼Ĵˡ
ٺ٣ⲻΪ˼𣿡𾪹ֻأֱЦģ
УСҶɶݺݵ˵ʵ㻹ʲôıƣҪǲʵߺߣҰӵʱշȥ
ɣǿϹϵˡιιι˵˵Ϳ˰ҪġʵʵѾҲ̫˰
һӣҶǶ֪һЩֻ˺ֻ񽣵顣
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ǣʱշⱲûϷˡŲԶǵʱѷ족ֻϧҡҡͷ
ҲߵıˣһһشѡһҪҶɣǿ϶ѡˡǣڲֻشֻ˵Ȼ֪ԼĴԵʧζ֪
׼ʱշˣҶһεϥֻسʣһ򣬿ɾͲ֪ҪöˡģԷһУ
棬кܶҶȥرǣˡˣѰ䡣
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˻ڲ򰡡͸ֿռ䣬ȿҶһģʶȻʵʶƣȾҪΪԼǲѾˡ
ˣֻسȵҪǾˣѧ죬Խλռ䣬Ūö
ôܸȡôദףΪʲôҶɻôˡ
ūֿͣռҶɴֿռ䣬˭û취ΥҶɵ־
ǣе㲻ͬˡȻܻصڵĿռλ棬ǣλȴߡʲôƸסˡֻҪڣƾͲʲôˡ
ŵ˵ҶɵôȡħҪ
ЩĽĿ˿졣޿κεҡҡͷ
츳ôѧѧġͺԶԼĽٶһԼҲԶֹģ˶޷ģλռλ
пܳɾ𣿡Ȼһ⡣
ʵ̫ˡֻϲ߶ֱľΪͺһǿ˵ֻؿ֮
ҲɡֻҲ㲻ȷʲôȱʧѾͷãҪǺһɡˡ
֮ǰһκʡȻҶɵľһӿֻ֮ؾϲѡȻƿôͻƵġǣٿȷҪɾˣҶȱģֻǡ
Ϊ˺죬ҲµĲԣƽ֮˵İҲܴġ
⵹еֻһûһĸȺ٩˼䣬Ȼ󣬾ʹֿռ˳ȥ
ҶɰҶɣ㵽ҪأֻεĿ˿ҶɡȻԦʹԼ񽣣Զɶȥ

ֻ䣬һ긴һꡣ
Уȥˣڰ֮СһصĴڣֱİߵŮ˿
ˣôˣǽˣһش۽
ڹȥÿش鷳ʱˮһ˳Ůˣа취ǿŷģƽǣһΣŮʹļû취صĴ侲,
mdҲҪһ԰ʸ㣬Ǹҹܺˣ˭ܣ䣬صĴڣѿգ˲ƶȥ
ڻ̲ס𣿡ˮһŮӣ˵ϣҪŭտɵۡ

ڣҶɳһ
µţκκۼǣΪȴøдࡣ
ĸǰȥһ󲽣ǣôоԾɲ֮ҶֵһľѾɾ֮ԪӤٳٲͻơͻ㹻ĸȴǴ״̬֮СҵԽԽŹ˰
뵱꣬ľΪͻƵ֮󡣾Ը̬Լɾ֮·ƿصˮ
ԼľҲͬɾ֮ǣоȻԽԽˡ
ʯͷ˰ȻֻˬʵЦҶɵ
ǺǣȥˣȲϵֻأҶЦʵ
˭֪أüˣҲȥ㡣ֻذ˰֣ȻµģúôһҶɡ
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ûҶ˳һӣһʱѷ족ͽԶľڸǡŤ
ǿûʲô仯ԣŨˡˮ׼Ҷɣ㵽ʲô̥ô
ſţֻصֿҪۿĳˡ
֪Ҷεʼ磬ǸʱշҵȷˡȥѰɣȻȥ
٣ΧʮأͲٿˡֻ˵ʱ䣬㹻˼ҰƬط׳죡
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ȣͲ㣿һܲڻĮԵ
ҪҾ㡣ħҪᣬŮȥ~ǾȻ¶һ˿еЦ
УħмƲƲ죬Ȼһͳ쳾һץȻ󣬷˹ȥᣬȥչᣡ
צ׼ȷĽħӹǼץסȿצ֮ǹɿײѪɫЦ˿Ц治֪ôģֻҪһˣ**ȫޡѾչֻȥˣֻǣҲκ
ħЦ޵ʲôҪԼŮū**㲻ǻ޸ʲôŰɣ˹ֻأ㲻ȥҲ
߻Ϊʵ࣬һѪԵϵyinΪ֮.ȻǱȽǿҡ
οΪūͣȥˣⱾһܴ̼顣ֲֵŮˣȻܱҶɣǣڡˡȴ޷Ƶļ顣
ߣȥһԣһΣֱӰʶˡʶˣҵˡҾͲˣȾû
һǧĵ˶ҡҷĽֿռ䡣
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ǰҶѡĵطֻΣСһԣʯͷһꡣ
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ħͺϵһƵãոտںʱһץŪ
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Сӣ²ֻغǺЦȻС˵㣬Сǿ˸ͷ

ڴ֮еŮŮܵҶɵļӰ졣ҶԸ⣬ûĸŮӣ֮ڣʩչԼ
Ҫ֪ÿǿߣܽûġͺȣѾǿˣȴҲûܸ򡱡
弶۷ħǱħȭ⣬ݻһЧôվţ
ո˰ֻصҶȴͬʶʶȫȫıչؾޣҲа壡
ֻϧСҲ޸ԵɵɵȣֻصЦ㣬Ͱˣô˺÷羰
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ȥģҵȥȥ޵ģ޵ҧгݡҲԵʿǡ족ı֡ǣҶ˵ȴ춨򣬳ɾǿ
ȥò˼ִ꣬Ҫջ㣬Ҳ֮ڣЦֻ֮ϸϸһҶɵĽ
꣬Ҳֻа𣿡ֻصĳޣҶȴüͷ
Ϊô׳ɳֻûİҶһۡ뵱ꡣֻɵ۳ɾ˺󲻾ãͲһǣ֮ż۷壬Ҳ򣡡
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һǧտģҶɶҲܸˡۿȥȻ̫ࡣǣҲʮڵļƷʯ
Ҫ֪ҶɷȡħȥѰұǰ󲻹ʱ䡣ȥò˶ãҲӵǧ˰ڵľ޶Ƹȥǧտִöˡ
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ԪӤˮ׼ֻص˵ͿԪӤ֮ڵ硣ԪӤͲҪ֮ˣ
ڷͬΪԵʡõġҶҲƾԴԴϷ֮Ǽж֣׷ɱ˵ڡȷ־õĻȶв,
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ŰڴĬ

ڹȥֻشʯͷһ˳ʮ찡⻹ҪҪ˻
Ҷʯͷ¶ͷǰͲȥĵط
صʮ֮԰ǿȷֲǹ̶˼ʹΪҶɵ˼ѶȱȽȶ֮Ҳû꾡ĵͼҶɲο
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ڶαչؾʱȺħȥĵطðվջ˹ڵĲƸ
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ħ˵Ȳõ͵ͽһ˵ֻҪ˳ɾ֮ͿһɳԽɵ
ɵǾ
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Դţ硢ΪȻĳЩţԴǱķţȴҲиޡ
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ħɲʲôţԡǱʣֻеˮ׼ȲŮȡǣȻȿֲȭţȺ⡣
ٺ٣ǿʲôסħЦǰĺµһӡû룬ͺȻȭȭĺͰҸɱˡﻹڣ
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˵ǿֶΣ¾ħȭ˰ɡŷһƵҶɡȿЦҡҡͷԭΪҵһЩط˵İû롣ȴֻȫõɫ
ȭͷȵ֪ĥʲôŵ

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ڹתӲ뵽֮СǣûжãѹҶǴ粽С
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ÿһȭһֻأħȭӦùΪطôֻܽ⾳ȥ
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ǣǿϾ֮̫ˣתȫʩߣЧͲǿˡ
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Ⱳõѡ񣡡ħţĬĬעҶɣĬĬػ


Щաһ߲ơġЩ߲תɫͳͳ˽ɫƲʡ
ʵʵĽɫѹҲռγɣƬ֮Уÿһǿߵ顣
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֪ЩΪӮýµķģȡտ֧֣ȫȥˡ
ãԵԼǿǣȴǲܽھѾ˵ãҪǲϽɱԺǾֻܵͷڹˣг˵ã÷ģϣǣð֡ԻһΣҲϢȥ
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ȻѹͲ֪ѵô꣬ǶûвһǸ˵
ԽԽbsУСͱϸ϶û취ٸίˡ
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˵˵ȫҶɵĶеֻضûȥȺ뿪ûκǵ뷨
ΪɫѹԽԽŨԽԽֲ
ѹҵɾ֮ʱǿ˽ʮħȵĵͺһ
ħ˵һ˵ţǺǿұȁҸ˱ҲͲһ౶
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һʱ䡣ֻЦҸղ˵һڵļƷʯһˣνҪλҪúһŻͫʯץԣ
д֮ǰһɫ貹ѾѻͫʯĽƸݻ١ΪǿᣬҶͰǧڵĲƸˡֻ˵ҶһץͽһŻͫʯȡ˽
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Ҳ˵ҶɺǺЦǺãɽѾݻˡʲôȡ˵
˵ţҶһƣɽץԼλ֮Сųɾŵʣûʲôԣһλ֮Уޡһ۵ǷԲ֮С

Сڸʲôüͷ
Ĵ٣ûɢڶɽٵҶɣȻоץȡĺɽǱȡ˹ȥɽͣޱȾ޴õȴЩɽͶܵȥ
ҪٴȥһԣõĿĵͺȵ
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ǻҪȻɴƷӽȥһ绺أҶɲɵЩ
ǿԲϲʯģԵǿɾͿˡֻѵ
ڴѵͷҶɶȻ˵
ԶûȻٳٲǣҶɿɲΪǡ޲ߡı֡Ȼֻ˵д֮󣬾ͻش仯֡ǣԼ֮䣬Ҷȴáûдǿʱ֣
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츳ܵļһû˭ܹλ˵ֿռ䡪ȥλԣλֿռûܡֻɵɾĴڣҲûֱ¡
Ҷ֮󣬷ǵûչʾɹǵһʱ佫ֿռڿˣ⵽Ϊʲô
ֻؾȵѯУҶֿռڡ

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ȻȽֿռɱɽǣ
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Сϣ׻жܣҲνкɱɽǿ󷨣ҲܱƵԸˡ
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ȷֿռ󡣾ҶΪˣڸֿռ֮ߣҲܻŲռ䡣
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죬Ѿ׵ˣҶɵʶ֮
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ƣҪ೤ʱ䣿
ŰʱǺܿ϶
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ǼͨϵϵѹϢûб仯ΪʲôոɱֶȴԽԽһֻ棬һԾ׵ɵǵȴڣǿɾʹ²ˡĬĬ
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һ԰д˳ȥտɵ׷ʤ£տ£в֪֯ԱȺģյͬѶϢ
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ҵڲͬܿ죬еۣͬյϢضϴݡ

ҶҲܳԾԾģһȭԾģ
ȻҶʮսֻͨصط֮ͿһֱվߣʮۣƻԼһðͻĴ
ѵ˼۷ǿߣҲѾ֮
ҲûܼȻԼԽֱ֮ͻƵ֮ȥǰ˼۷ĴڣΪʲôͬɾǿߣϾ
תһ룬Ҷ־ò
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ֵڣţٹ߸ʱдپͻʲô飬Ҷɺڴţǰֻһȭͻֻǿߣڴ
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ŵĺͣ˲Լ
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Ҷɵһǧ֮壬˫һĹ켣޷׽ĳΧɱ˹ȥ
꣬ħȥץһ켣ȫ˿
ڣȻ׶ľǵЩǣֻЧҲ
Щ֮϶ǻˣҶȴҲеϧڵЩ֮壬Ҳܴһʱʱ䡢ʧ֮ǰԼ˵ʵ

һȺȺԼΧɱİ֮壬ɫ˫֮У˸ŭĹâ
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ϲ㣬ͻˡתһֻ⣬Ǹ֮
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һ澵ӣֻص
ˣǸҲһתޡֻǵֻأ̾ͿҶɣҪҪҳ֣Ǹܹƿ֮ߵļһɱܿҲӵͬ
һŵƲ򲻵ѣ㲻Ҫٳ֡Ҷ΢΢ЦִӦȤİ취д
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ֿռ֮Уһɫʯ֣һڿеľ޴ɽ壬
Ҷһƣû֡ɱ֮һأƣ۵ٶȺ֮졣ֻ˲ʮ֮һɲǵʱ䣬ѾþƣҶɵθǡǣȴû뵽Ƶѹ֮£ҶɾȻܶ
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ֻһƳ͸оһɱ֮Ȼ¡Ҳᱻһɱֵ֮𲻵κЧ
֮ʩչż֧ԮȻѾףһƾȥҲκЧҲͰеŭ֮˻
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ʲôĳһ䡣Ҷɵ˽
ⲻδ̽󷨵ı仯ֻسش
δ̽ҶɾȵʵҲȼԪط𣿿ǣôûиоȼԪ
ȼԪȼԪֻСǺǣ̫鷳Ҫ˵Ҳö롣ҲͿ׸Եɡڣ㻹רĿ󷨰ɡֻصЦ
ҶҲЦŵ˵ͷ

󷨣Ϊʲô֮ࣿԽ洳ԽǾͷƤ顣
ЩǷֿÿһܡҲǿɱмˮ׼ˡǣһ𣬾żǿ߲ʩչûа취
Ҳֻнɱ֮ؾ磬󡣿ǡһ첻׾żһ첻ط˵طɫأҲԾԾԵĳ嶯
СӾͻƿĻᣬΪʮȿռ䡣û룬Ȼ,
ǧڵĻͫʯ㲻ʲôҲΪǻͫʯСͻƿ˵ڤڤ֮УҾӦȸִۡˣ
ΪʲôҲСӵϢأĶЩɱϢҲܲ¶κ˿ɡֶΣǸոɾ֮ٵĴܹӵеģѲɣⶴ֮Уʦиִڣ
е翵ʦи֣ԽԽס
ಣಣಣ
ǰٶȲҲǡôоżǰţҲſ̴Ӷ֮аѳȥڣֶΣ͵Ϯһġϲ
ǣܲǣһ·ϣǵûκǿ͵ϮЩɱ֮Ҳֻתûκǿֵļ
κ󷨣֣ЧŻѡôɱ֮󣬻֮仹硣֣϶Ҵ鷳ΪʲôȻĺû᣿
УԽԽɹ
ʵҲֲɡҪΪҶɵı֣ʵ̫˼ˡеͲڵĸ֣ǱȽϺĽ͡
ԽԽ飬ٶԽԽԸɱ֮̽ҲԽԽϸΪŹĳһɵ㣬Լ޴˵ءȴ֪ĽǵҶɳʱ䣬ҲҶɻࡣ
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ǰһȭͺԼһֻǵƣ
ڣȴСĽĽη֪˵ںʲô
ⲻСӵ𣿡ֻغǺ͵Цһƭĺĸض֮УСó˷ǵʹһ󣬻Ҫѹֱʷߵ
ƣҶԽԽֻصƤҲɵԽԽࡣλУһЦ(վ֧֣Ķ)
550.ɱ֮ɱϣ
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֪浽ײʲôҶɰԵ
ǰҲڴֻغٺЦСʵ̫ˣͻƿȻһ֮ܿܣǰ֮йءϣıҲǰ֮йأ
ֻز޵ķʸּĺĶٻҶɵǰ֮йء
رǣһκȻͻƿΪħ֮ȭԵʡֻһȻûȻǣȴǾãĺ֮Իħ㲻þΪҶǰ֮ǰĲá
ǻǣȽ⿪ĺһ⣬֪ˡ
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ʮ߼߽ˮ׼ĿܣȣǴֱʡλڴˡһ
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صĹ֮еıȻӵаֻ֮һηǼӵеֻ֮;ھżͽ׵Ĵڣ
ƿҵˡֻЦЦ˵ҪŮϴʮһϢ˵ͻֳħɨĺŲأҲɼ졣ٽֻ֮ħ֮ȭͿͻϣֱӽ֮
ϧϧĺѾźˣ˵棬Ѿдȥǣ컯Ūˣƽ˷ôʱ䣬ôһȦĲãҲûдӦõĶջȫУ
Ϊֶ룬Ҫںɽ쫷֮ǰõһŻͫʯƣҶɻŽֻ֮ħȭ֮ȥƿһֱȥ,
ֻ֮ҶҲɵãˡ
ѵ˿֮ǰΪԼת֮˷飿һʱ棬ʲôĲۡǸ˵ƣȫգǸˣĻǣҵǰ֮
ҶֶΣѾȫ⡣Լ֮Уƺã飬ֻ򵥡

Ȼи򣡡ȴȫ⣬ֻ⾳ĸֶ֣ͬҪԶʤһ汻ø˵ˣұ붯ѹ׵ֶΣ
˵ţʵڸǹ֮еĴڣʩǿѹ
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һʱ䣬ֽ߽׶Σ˭κβ˭˭ҲԸһС
ȻԼȡֻٰزɵ̾
ΪԽǸԽսԽǼѡ
СӣԽսʿҲǵȵͼʿԾȴֻȴڶһü
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ֻ΢΢һ㶣ǺЦСȫ㲻ͷųߣһġ
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СӣȻҺ棡ûз׷ɱЦǰлúҵɱ֮£ʲô͵ϮȫȻ
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棬ԼֿռУģûκɱɽ롣
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ɱһɱնףɱ϶ֻ㿴ģǻҲʵֵܹ⾳ֻҪͻữΪʵĶնסۺֶܶնһ
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ңһԼֻ֣ص޷εĲϲ
ɾҲҵ⾳ȫӦɱҶɲֻؼȥȻֻؿԼֹ⡰ɱԴҲ޷ġ
ҶɣСӲֻ֪زһСƽɱ⾳Ҳڤڤ֮Уܴֻɵ۴ˣҲڤİ
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ȥҪЩɱ֮󡣡Ҷһ˵ţһת󣬽һɱѨ֮С
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ҶСӰҪĸǰ֮йأɾ͸˼ˡȻֻɫһ䣬ǺЦ
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ҶɵĵСʵϣǬع֮ҶһɨͺȻ֣ڲռһģԼĳλ治֪˶١
м䣬Ҳһ½鷽ԲǧĴ½Ϊṩǿֻ֮
ӵеλռ䣬һĿռ䡣ǳͻһҲֹֻڴˡҶɰ̾һλ棬Ѿ֪ҪķѶٲƸˣҪһƷ߯
СӾ͵ɣֻغĽҴҶɵʵ뷨
ҶɺǺһЦҲûиֻض֡
սŸضڴתƣƿԽԽǣҶȴϾںӵƵá
ҶСӣҪ벻취ɾҪӵˣֻԽԽżףҶɵ׻ʲôơῴҲǻľģ
û롭
Ҷɸɴཫ˻
ܾܣҿܲܵõ
Ȼˣ
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⣬⣬ôһ£ֻɵˡ
ӵоżнѹӵڤȻеңѲɣһֻɵ۴˵Ĵڣ
ȻǲܵģֻʺŵĿҶɣʵҶСӣҪˣ⵽ôһ£
ֳһ˿ȥȫ֪ˣҶɸĪĺǺ΢Ц
߶߶ģ
ֻķֳһ˿Ǹض֮̽˹ȥһ˿ո̽˸ͷ৵һӣֻصͰˣ(վ֧֣Ķ)
554.عеر£
ʱգǽ˻ʱֻؾĺеҶСӣˣѰ·
ʱգֿռ֮ʱգ
꣬ҶɵһοʱʱֻʶԵ̽̽ͱԪްѪ
ʱҶɣʵĻֻֿռıԵ//¿//㣬Ҳᳬʮɾ롣Ҷɵ֮ڵĻʱգǿԴһġ
ڣҲʱշôҽСֻأҲ޷ӻʱհ֡ζʲôζţҶʹŸض죬뵽˵Ļʱ
ֿռ䣬а֮ң
ֻغܿж˳ɵóȵҶСӣһض챣һʧڻʱ֮УҲһ군ʱ֮УʱʱĻʱշ籩ܻĪʱʱϽʹض췵أҲü
ҸȻаաҶҲٹӣǺЦѵ죿
죡
Ҷū֮УʵһȴҲֻһֿԶλֿռڵλ档Ȼܽȥ͵ֱڣֻҲûףôġ
ʵϣˣҲ޷ΪҶˣҲû취
ѵСӵ츳ܣǿԴԽʱգֻغȻ
ͣʲôܣ
Ҷ΢΢Цš˵ͷиضıĽʲôΣա
ƺõ·ɣֻضʱȻ㲻ֵܼдٽСҲʲôΣգ
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ǺεĻεֶΣ
뵱꣬Լ죬ҶΪʲô˷˸͵ļһٿǵľôɽôʮ֮Уڲ֮أ
ô죿ΧɱֻѯʵĿ֮УȻһ˿бζ档
ҶƺҲûʲôԡЦЦ˵ղ֮ҪΧΪȡЩʱ䡣Ҳܲˣȥ֮п
ȴڣһʱܹ̾ʰġľ֮Ƶڤʱ֮ڣҲܽ䳹ѹ
ң˶ǻƴġϣ֮ǰԱֻҲܵ˲Сķ֮û׵ķѹֻˮĥʯĹԸˡ
¾ƷҶɺֻ֮˲˹ȥ
ʮɷҲʲôвǼ֮ҶѾ֪ʮܵʵԼĵ衣ԼȻѾ˵ʮɷҲͱԼҵĶ,
৵һӣʮɷҲ뵽Ѩ֮Сϲ¥
Ҷȴû£ȥı仯ǰĺΰĿࡣ
Ҷ˻һռľ޴󹬵ĿչԼǰʱˡ
ټһȻȫɼƷʯͣҪķڵļƷʯ
ʯúķѶټƷʯĺȻԣ˹
ֻҲࣺôû֣ĺС˸أһֻɵ۴ˣҲ᲻ý
˶ļƷʯȲҲȴֻǽһΰĹ
Ҷɺֻزɵ̾Ǽȸ㲻ףΪʲôĺôļƷʯ㲻ףΪʲôĺķѾʣһ
ڹ֮⣬˵ʶٽɨһ顣
ƺһ󷨣ֻزǺȷ
еĸãϵƺйǣֻص۹⣬Ҳ⵽һʲô󷨡
ҶҲԴԼĵһЩϢ
һӵ飬ȴһӵаǡĵڿԻΪˣʿûʲôҲΪʲôǵʮɷĸʮɷԵʡ
ѯʣڸҲĵ̾ͽһЩϢ˻
ȷһ󷨣Ը󷨣Ҷɲֻ̾ϧҵĵҲ˺ܶ¡ǽȥĺûʲôԡ
ʷڸǣҶɶԼǰ֮ҲԽԽ档
úǣԼǰ֮ô㵽֮ģ˷İţǻһ£˾÷˼
ҲĴ𰸣ڹ֮СҲʷͻﱻɢҶ˵Ĵ𰸣ǱȾƷر
ʣҶһȣ˹555.ǰ£ϣ
ҶɵĿȷֱĳţΨһһʶ޷Ŀռȥ
ֻಽҶɵĺ棺ףһС͵Ļҿռ䣬ѹҵʶ޷󼰣
ҿռ䣬ʱͬ
ʱ֮УʱռȫҵġҵԽĵطԽޱȡڣضڵĻʱգֻ־ż߽׵ĴڣҲҴ
ǣҿռȴͬ˿Խʶ⣬ҿռ䲢ʲôв
ȻҲ˵ҿռҴ𿴴ƣҿռ䲻ռʮɡǣ뵽棬϶Ǳж졣һʧ˷ת궼תҲûֿԡ
ҿռ䣬ǲܵĺõطҶɸӼţԼ˵ر
ҽȥ
ֻص˵ͷûж˵ʲôҶɵĴУԼӦøȥ
һԾҶɷ֣Լ뵽һɵĿռ֮С޾İɫƶ䣬ͺһ㣬һۿͷ
ǰľѲǻʱա
ҶѾ˾ƷԵʣֻؽģֻ۵Ļҿռ䡣
Щƶ䡣ҵǰִ֮𣿡Ҷ
ѶϢ֮СѾҶɵĿ⣬һʱͶ˾ԼһƬƶ䡣
գһҶʩչһƲʣ˹
ûκηƶ䣬ȫϿҶɵݡ
ȻĺԣУܶǿڵԣ
һѶϢˮһӿҶɵʶڼ־Ϣ֮ҶѾ׹
ѹ֣ĺı֮Уô೬ԽĴڡԭǲǳĺģǳҵǰ֮
ĺԼǰ֮ѡԣĺΪȻߣǣȴܹܵԴ˾˵һ
ֵǣΪʲôЩѶϢ֮Уûᵽҵǰ֮˭
ĺЩˣ֪Լǰ֮Ӻζ⡣ϾӵоƷĴڣĺ˾ǿ߿󼰡
ǣ֪ʮֹŹˡ
ѵΪ˱ѣҶ
ƺҲֻֿԡĳǿĵˡԼǰ֮͸¶ڣһܻеСķա
ڣҶѾ֪ɾǿߣٵģӵ̵ֶֻ֮Ρֶ֮ΣҲεķƺ͸¶ûһһֶΡ,
ֻҪЩУҾֶΡҶɵ̧ȥץƲʡ
Ȼһ
ףҶɲգգ۾ѲɣԼǰж޷ã
ٴѯʵõĴȴɲꡣأЩ飬Ǽӵа֮ܵľƷҲˡ
ޱƺ֮УһԽԶƲʣͺԽ̩ɽٶԶһҶɾȻһϣ޷ǰ
ǰ棬ƶ䡣ǣǰĿռ䣬Ҹ޷룬ʲôԭ򣿡Ҷüͷ
һΣǾƷɲꡱǷˣɴֱ˵˵˾䡰֪Ҷεҡҡͷӻҿռ˳
ô֪ЩʲôֻغЩڴĿҶɡ
֪˵ƤëҶҡҡͷ˵꣬ҵǰ֮Ҳѡĺֻɵ۵ѡһģһڣĺ֮⣬кܶǿ߰æ
ҲѾ֪Ƿ壬ʵҵǰ֮ĳǿߵĺ֮ǰҵǰ֮ѡǸǿߡȥҺˣҲѾ䡣ڵõ󲻾ãΪҲɱ
ǡǺǣǸйءΪ˻ָʵһֱԴ֮ǵıԴϡǳƽ٣Ҳͱסˣ
ҶûԼõϢһ˵˳
ȻҶҲֻǼһЩҪ˵˵һƬƲ֮Ϣʵ̫̫ࡣˣҶҲ˵˲ʱŽ˵ס
ֻأȷʵûв´ĩˣҶҡͷ̾ǰǰ֮ļƻת֮Ӧҵһض죬˾ƷȻȥħõħȭȭ⣬Ӷֱӽ׵֮
һִУָض֮СһִУȴССһϡ˾޴Ĳ𣬾ǵǿ󣬹Ҳ޷뵽
ĺȷƿ֮ߵĴڡҵǰ֮Ҫĺε˵㡢׷١û룬ת֮˹ŮȻǵĺԽʱ׷ɱ֣ҵֻһΣƻˡ
ǰ£꣡(վ֧֣Ķ)
556.ǰ££
Ҳ˵ǰ֮ʵƻ˶ֻתֻ̾˹ܹεֻأǰ֮ȻҪֻɵ۴ǿöడ
ֻ⻰ǸпҲҡ//¿//
ֻɵĺƣԼ޷õҶɵĻˡŸҶûãԼͻƿ׵˾ż߽סԺԼ֮·ֻǺεȵĿ㣿ֻʮҡ
Ҷȴһ侲
ô򵥡Ҷҡҡͷ˵ҵǺڣһжûõ֣ҵĵôǿ󣬿£ҵת֮ڣʱҴ
ʮȣǸδ֪ǿˣֲвӵоƷǰ֮òءҪԼͱǸǿ˸֣ͻıɱ
Ҷ˵ֻؾ;ãԼĺëȫ
ɲǸҴƴӦĵˣǱʮ죬Ҫǿ֪ٱĴڣ
ֻصֺϣţ˺ܳʱ䣬Ȼһûܷ
ҶԹԵ⣬һʱȴҲûзֻص״һҶɼѶŷֻ֣ؾȻڷ
ֻأҲųӰɡ㲻ǲŸոͻƲôľǲǿ󣿡ҶɺǺЦ
ҶСҶɡѵͲе£ֻؾͳͺ±˸ǵǿڣֶο϶Ҳҵֻ֮ǿ˲֪ٱҪǱڣ˲ͻᱻɱ
ǰֶ֮ο˵㡣Խĺ֮ǿ򱶡ǣת֮û
ҶҡͷЦǰ˶ϡ֮󣬷תת֮󡣾Ȼǰһ֪̳ģֻж˾ǿ˵ܲ˾ǿ˵п޵ļƷֻأΪЩ֮
˵ˣֻزٲУ޵
Ҷɿó֮Сһֳζ档ûа취飬֪һЩȥ֮ҶѾףԼֻءһϵĴڡԼȥʦѵĹϵֻҲҽܡ
΢΢ҡҡͷ˸п
ȥѾĥòˡҶɵ˵
ԭȵļƻҶҪðʱʱ䣬ԽʱաǣΪѹѾڻʱͣһʱʱ䡣
ûʲô⡣Ͼôֻأǵһμӵ츳ܵĴڡ,
ǣҪʩչҶɡòɵӣһã֮󣬿϶µõԼʩչʲôطǿɻʱա㲼֣ĴѰܻܿڳ
սǰ
ǰ֮ǿҲǰ֮¡ڵǰ飬ԽҶɿĿ⣬ġЩԼǿߣҪһһ
ԭһܸмõġʶҪ԰֮ãһͻƿǣ̫̰ˣ˲ǵˣ
СӣΪʲôѳ޵ȴ׶ɣб£ɱҰҳ岻ȥҲɱң
Ǳ𣿡Ҷɸ̾ҡҡͷûɱƵֶΣȷɱ㡣ֻҪ㣬Ҳǣ
սڣҶȡĺȫλ档ԣʼͣ弶ˮ׼ǣҪƿ֮ߵóλɡ
Ҷɹţȴڣʱȣֻ֮һҲӦÿӵ˵ˡȥɱټϾƷԼż߽׵ֻأд֮󣬽ûʲô仯ԼҲʲô鷳
ȻҲ³һЩ飬ݺݵĶҶɣ˵ҪңûţӱƼˣԱڹǸôڻʱ棡
ʱһãǾǣֻҪʱշ籩֮͵Ŀռ;ᱻݻ١ֿռ䣬ָض죬ССԲͬĳͿռ䣬ȫᰲȻ
ǣضҲǼ᲻ɴݵġľΪҪԱȷʵֱӶض졣
ֻҪ˸ض죬й͵ĿռͻʧҶҲʧȥƾУ˸׺ݵĿ⡣ͺѾҶɲòεЭ
СӣϹԹԵ³ܣһСʱ˿̣Ȼл롣ѳ޵Ȼֿʼ΢Ц
ǣ
ȻˣԱ
Ҷɵ΢Цţĳ557սܲ
Сӣõ
ҶɵĹﳤһ㣬ƲɵҲ޶˼
ҵģԱ
һöڵ񣬴ϸ˳ûҶɿ̵֮ĻƣͲȻԱ
¡¡¡¡¡¡
ϵľ޴ըУŲ̵΢Ц˻ҽ
Ҷɵϣû¶κγԾı顣
ֻ
һöڵ񣬾Ȼһ
ʱ䣬ֻصӶҪˡ
ʲôֶΣֻص͵͵ĺеѾԱ񶼿ʲô޷
ֻڼԼֻ⾳˵ˡ֮䣬Ѿֻɵ۴֮⣬ƾԼֻصû룬ҶɵľƷȻʩչֶΣ
ԭֻػãҶɵĵֹܹԱܶض죬ĵ֮ܣҲ޷ȡˡû룬ҶɵľƷȻԽ
ֻصľע֮£Ȼ壬Ҳ˻
ûꡣҶҡҡͷƷֶΣҲֹڴˡҪҪǿֻصֲС
Ѿţ˺òֻĿ˿Ҷɡ
񣬿Իĵ塣ͺܿܿԻƿ֮
ڵ˵ƿ֮ߵҪҪ֪ҶɵĵˣǿӵоƷǿ߶ԻܣӵҶɵǰ֮Ѿ࣬ڵҶɣҲֻսսʱĵһֻ
ֻأջصߣҶɳ˵
ãֻص˵ͷݵǳճմߡϥ

Ȼ˻ʱա˵ڽϢáõüɵһ黨綼ˣҶɵϡ׻Ŷܣ
ض졭£ûôסҶɼȻº֣;кСӦô죿
Ųӣϸϸ˼
ݼ¶ֻ֪ԾʱòŻⲽѰʱһ²ģػزͣߡ
һʱ󡭡
ݼӵȫһпռ䣡
ݼӵܣ
ǰĵֻݼһΣõȴݼӵܣ
ζʲô
ޣ˾ı΢ڣҪȫж
ãˣܿ졣һǿٵõʶ
̫ϳѵҲ֮ûκηϻ֮İӰͳǵ˹ȥ
ѽһݼؾ֮Уҽ

ݼҵ̫ϳϣȫһĻ
ᣡԵ̫ϳ϶ҹ
ʱ˿̵ãǴһȫµĸо֮䣬ǾͺããǱáڻɣǲǱ˶ḽ塣
ǣܴô²⣬Ҳòִ
֮ڷݼҵĴڣô?
õôˣһֱ躹֮ߵΪ˴ﵽĿģϧί¼׷ʤ
ǰܲѰۼţǴռҪˡʵչѲɣòǼˣ
ףΪһڶɳ֮ٵСӣʮ죬֣ѾˣھȻҪȫ뵱꣬齫֮Ǵش˰
һǿ֮ش
ЩݼҲ̫ϳϡЩˣݼĵ֮ڣ
ûʮǿǣʮһشȱݣǾǣҪܳʱݻ
ʮﵽ֮ʱɱżнףż߽׵ĴڡǣҲ㹻ʱﵽ̶ֳȲСЩ̫ϳϣʮܹﵽµı֤
ÿһ̫ϳϣʵǾżڡ֪ݼҾȻӵǿͺȻǰǧտ棬һ׷ʤɾ˾ż֮е𾪣ǣȴ֪׼ҵӵĵ̡ǸӲ֪ССһտϣ򰵵֯ӵĵ̡

ݼȫˣ·ҲһȻ
ڲظϵ׷ʤ¶ɫǾȻ嶯ˣǿԲɫİԼ͸ңҵô꣬ھȻ嶯ˣ׿ʲô׷ʲô׼ӵܣжҪϢ׼ȷϢ
ޱĳһչصľ죬Ҳ۾տؼս
ݣֱӾտȫս
ؼսֻеʱ̣Żᷢؼստ£սӿ
ļѾ˷ӦڰļҲжõͻȻٶԭҪŻᱬսȻǰ557.սܲ
Сӣõ
ҶɵĹﳤһ㣬ƲɵҲ޶˼
ҵģԱ
һöڵ񣬴ϸ˳ûҶɿ̵֮ĻƣͲȻԱ
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ϵľ޴ըУŲ̵΢Ц˻ҽ
Ҷɵϣû¶κγԾı顣
ֻ
һöڵ񣬾Ȼһ
ʱ䣬ֻصӶҪˡ
ʲôֶΣֻص͵͵ĺеѾԱ񶼿ʲô޷
ֻڼԼֻ⾳˵ˡ֮䣬Ѿֻɵ۴֮⣬ƾԼֻصû룬ҶɵľƷȻʩչֶΣ
ԭֻػãҶɵĵֹܹԱܶض죬ĵ֮ܣҲ޷ȡˡû룬ҶɵľƷȻԽ
ֻصľע֮£Ȼ壬Ҳ˻
ûꡣҶҡҡͷƷֶΣҲֹڴˡҪҪǿֻصֲС
Ѿţ˺òֻĿ˿Ҷɡ
񣬿Իĵ塣ͺܿܿԻƿ֮
ڵ˵ƿ֮ߵҪҪ֪ҶɵĵˣǿӵоƷǿ߶ԻܣӵҶɵǰ֮Ѿ࣬ڵҶɣҲֻսսʱĵһֻ
ֻأջصߣҶɳ˵
ãֻص˵ͷݵǳճմߡϥ

Ȼ˻ʱա˵ڽϢáõüɵһ黨綼ˣҶɵϡ׻Ŷܣ
ض졭£ûôסҶɼȻº֣;кСӦô죿
Ųӣϸϸ˼
ݼ¶ֻ֪ԾʱòŻⲽѰʱһ²ģػزͣߡ
һʱ󡭡
ݼӵȫһпռ䣡
ݼӵܣ
ǰĵֻݼһΣõȴݼӵܣ
ζʲô
ޣ˾ı΢ڣҪȫж
ãˣܿ졣һǿٵõʶ
̫ϳѵҲ֮ûκηϻ֮İӰͳǵ˹ȥ,
ѽһݼؾ֮Уҽ

ݼҵ̫ϳϣȫһĻ
ᣡԵ̫ϳ϶ҹ
ʱ˿̵ãǴһȫµĸо֮䣬ǾͺããǱáڻɣǲǱ˶ḽ塣
ǣܴô²⣬Ҳòִ
֮ڷݼҵĴڣôô󡣿ǣӵݼѪǿ˵ѪôҲ޵е
õôˣһֱ躹֮ߵΪ˴ﵽĿģϧί¼׷ʤ
ǰܲѰۼţǴռҪˡʵչѲɣòǼˣ
ףΪһڶɳ֮ٵСӣʮ죬֣ѾˣھȻҪȫ뵱꣬齫֮Ǵش˰
һǿ֮ش
ЩݼҲ̫ϳϡЩˣݼĵ֮ڣ
ûʮǿǣʮһشȱݣǾǣҪܳʱݻ
ʮﵽ֮ʱɱżнףż߽׵ĴڡǣҲ㹻ʱﵽ̶ֳȲСЩ̫ϳϣʮܹﵽµı֤
ÿһ̫ϳϣʵǾżڡ֪ݼҾȻӵǿͺȻǰǧտ棬һ׷ʤɾ˾ż֮е𾪣ǣȴ֪׼ҵӵĵ̡ǸӲ֪ССһտϣ򰵵֯ӵĵ̡

ݼȫˣ·ҲһȻ
ڲظϵ׷ʤ¶ɫǾȻ嶯ˣǿԲɫİԼ͸ңҵô꣬ھȻ嶯ˣ׿ʲô׷ʲô׼ӵܣжҪϢ׼ȷϢ
ޱĳһչصľ죬Ҳ۾տؼս
ݣֱӾտȫս
ؼսֻеʱ̣Żᷢؼստ£սӿ
ļѾ˷ӦڰļҲжõͻȻٶԭҪŻᱬսȻǰڣ
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ֻأоƷİٶȹȻܿ죡ıǣҶĻϲ
꣬Ůͺķʮʱ䡣Ҫ˼۷ĴڣҶɹţûиٰʮʱ䣬Գ
û룬һʱʱ䣬Ȼ֮һ
˵ҶɺǺЦţվҪʱȣһܿܣҾͿӵоż˵
˼۷ͬʱҶɻͨڶԪȡλеߺһٶȺ侪ˡմٶȼ㣬ֻ߰ʱ䣬ԼͰͳͳӵоżͽ׵
ֻϧҶɲòȥ
һʱѾϵ̫á
֪ʲôʱͻᱻ÷֡ҪʧȥĽ֮Լ͵ڻʱεˡֻɵִڣҲڻʱг档
ҶҲϵ١
ڻʱ棬ӼƲ飬ǣûоϴ˭֪ᷢʲôϡŹֵıҪ֪Ҷɻûг׸ܵɾĺôҲ˵ʵûг׳ɾ֮ҪǶ˽ȴɾıԵͻơǿɾЦˡ
һҶɽͳͳսǹ֮УȻСĵϣâ˸˼¡
Ҫʣ壿Ҷüһô㡣
ʱ䣬ǵΧҶת˺üȦ
ʵӵеǿöࡣǵΪԼҪԡ˶ΣҶҪǾ塣û룬Ҷ˵ӵ츳ܵ壬ֻӵеҪ
һżԻĵҶɿЦõҡҡͷ׷Լ棬ӵúܡҪʲôôͲṩأ
֮塣ϾǲȫԼĶ׷ȡǡõϢͲ֪֪ˡǹڵϢֻҶѯʣŻ˵Ҷɲڣ͸ɵһˡ
Ҷ۳֮壬Ҳ֪ԼЦڶţ١һҡͷֹһ߽˹ȥֻǵ񣬾ͻȸԾĽ򹬵֮˹ȥ
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˷Ѱ˷ѣֻؿҡͷ,
ǳΪǾųɾŵᱻװ˷ѵȻضסãɢܵȥǣҪٽЩռͲò˷Ѵʱ;ˡ
Ҳʲôá
ȻǵҲûҶʲôǣʱҶɣľ۹⣬ֻظ߳˲ֹһҶɻδ䣬Ϳһɹɢһεסս˹֮С
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⼸ֱ֮󣬲Ż½֡
£ݻȺ򲻻ߵֻгɾ֮ǿߣתݻɽԼλ֮УתΪλ֮ǰҶɺɱɽʵתݻ
ֻظֻɵߣҲʶɾĴڡû˵˭ܲ󷨣תݻ
۽磬Ǵ۽磡ֻزɵüΪ϶һǧǰ;
һֻʵźǣҶȴһۿ˳
ֻأҲȥɡ
Ҳȥֻ־ϲ
ۡ
ǱǻȸԾĵȻߵСһ۵ҽ
һҪ̫˽Ժֶеԣ
Ҷûǵһ£Сļһòίίææķɽ˹ȥͺһͻᱻȥֻ֮һ559.С
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Լ϶Ҫλʹõġֻ˵ֻеλݻ㹻λ֮֮ȹ
Ҷ˵СĵȻ仯һ£ĳһСŮģҶɵֱ߲䰡ģͣ
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ǵ˱ˡҲϲŪ
һʼǹꪣӶᣬЩģ
Ů٣ʽòΩΩФɳޣɽƣò档
ģԽԽˡֻɽصӱڣޱԾڣȻݻأ
ȷʵˣҵúúоһҶɲɵ̾

ЦţһӣֱСŮģ̬˺ôԣ˹ȥһֱ״
Ҷʵףݻ״ҲҪķһġȻڵ˵ôʲôǡʼȥ䡰ࡱɼһߡ
Ҷɺεҡҡͷ˵һ˽ƻԺСˡ
Ҷû뵽Լһ˵֣Ȼôһֱȥ

СꣿֻصɫҪжྫʡжྫʡ
ῴΪΪһСŮģĴڣҲ̫Цһ㡣
ֻҲû϶ƽϡ˵Ҷɣչ㡣дٺܿҪˡᷢ飬Ҫúø㽲һ
ȻҶɵǰ֮ţ档ǣת֮ȴûôУԳɾ֮Ľˡʱ˿ֻ̣ʱܵʦ
ֻɵ۶ɽٵľ飬ɾǿ߶ɽٵľ飬һһģֻص渵˰ʱ䣬Ҷɷ֪ޱȵд֮⣬ȻôࡰḻʡĽ
˼ѹҪӡĸԣô飬϶ҪһҶɺǺЦ,
ҶɵĿһѣֻȴͲҸҶƤЦˡԼС˼ҶɴɵڨڨĸЦҶɽ˳λ֮С
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ߣһֻԪӤΪٳֿռͱǿҶûĵһۣһӣض죬ȫջؽ˳λ֮С
ʵܣʣȷʵ̫ϲˡǳԴḻ棬ƾԣڶԴﵽ
ǷḻԴֲ˽ϲʡ
ۿȥ˷ӿǿǣһΪ߼˼ǣҶȴоõԼֻҪ򣬾ɱһš
ʵģ˼۷塣ôЩʵģҲͬ߰˼ˮ׼ɼһߡ
һ䣬ȴΪϵǿߡƽˡȻҶҲûôģȥһǵǿߣижʵָ
ǸǿĴڣֻӵķḻԴ¹ȥˣֻǿʲô̶ȣȻһ˴УȻҵʻ㲻ǣӵеԴʵ̫̫٣
Уâ΢΢˸һȺȺӵǿߣҶɾͺڿţһȺһȺ׵ĸ(վ֧֣Ķ)
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ȻݼҲѾ֪ǵҶûбʮѹƻɱ˰˼۷
ǣǧ߼˼ڴӵһʱ˵ĵٱǣҲԼͬ뵽տɵ׷ʤҲҶսô߼˼ǿ߰ɡСôţ棬Ҳᱻ˺սˣ
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ӡֻس˵ЩݼӵܣǸһӵڤѪ
ȫݼӵܣҶȻ˵кü߼˼ǿߣݼ¡жǿߣ
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첻˸ϽܵħǱߣħϥ
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ҶɵĴЦʮռ䡣취տɵ׷ʤ
ֱʱҶɻ֪ʵú·ġ£Ҳɵۼǿߡڣ̫ϳϣҲǾżн״ڣ
ǣҶû뵽ǣԼⷬϷʣûа׷ʤ׿׿ģʮżˣʮ֮⣬ԳΡ
Ҷɣϳݼҿһһϵڼ֮
ϵ䣬֮أһϸӦ˵̫ϳ˵ûȻûݼҵѪǣֻҪϳƼ֤̫ϳϣΪݼҵϵӵܣ
ǵˣǻѡݼҼΪΪ檡֮أһȻ𣬡ѡʮʮʮԣ
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գҶɹЦƣ̫Զ̫ԶգҲ̫Զ̫ԶҪЩϹŶһ֣û׼ЧõҪǿΪҺû׼վͳˣ


һŭ߼˼ǿ֮У
Ҷɣ֮飬ҲҷŹ⻪ֵǣڤʽҪٶ
䣡
߼˼ǿߣʩչµķӡֻһƬƬɵⷽԲʮռ䣬ͳͳ֡
ҶĿ˸һƬƬһ֮Уһڤ֡ǻһĪ󷨣צĳԼɱһƬģʵﰵ
һСȺȻʲôǣһЧǲ
Ҷ΢ԾЦЦҲһڤӲӲǿ
561.ݼңˣ
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ս֮Уܶ˶ϲССĿĵļԼ־ͻǰĲԡ
СеҶǺεˮ׼սⶼǹõļ
رڣ߼˼˼ǿߣġҡȣ˵Ч͸ԡҶɾѸߣˮ׼ǿߣöѾ˷硣
ȶԣǰʮɱɽǣԵ̫ᡱ˵㡣
޴Ĳ𣬻˷֮УŶӵ֮С
Ҷڵľ۹⣬½֣ܿЩ߼˼ǿߵǱʸߵ͡ȴȣЩʮǿȣǰЩǿߵǱʶһ㡣ԵӲӲǶЩɱɽ˵Ƚϡ
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Ĵ壬ȷʵСӡֻҲȻ̾뵱ֻ꣬ɵ۴˸޳֮ʱһ˸ͷֻɵ۴˱طڶࡣˡǿϾ˫ȭѵְڶɽ٣ݼֶԽһ֪Ҳ
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ʼɫֻ΢΢ЩɫȻ䣬߾;һѤõƲʡէȥͺϦ£ӳ͸ϼ,
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һΣҲûһ̫ϳɡǰ֮Ҳһʹ˻̫֮ϳϵݣȰһڶɳ֮ٵСӡڣѾóϷ
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ѪݺʱֻЦҶɵĳλ֮𣺡ҪԿһλݼңˣ(δ562.ʮ
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Ӳ˵С꣬ȻĳЦֻˡǽСɰ壬ϿޱȵЦݣȻ˵ЩʲôֻҲ̲סֱۡ
һɾ֮ͿӵԪ⾳Ԫɣʲôڣ죬ʲô˼ҶɸСӦСԡǣȴ׻˼
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С˵˾˾֮ϣɾԪླ
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С϶֪Ĵ𰸵Ҷɵǰ֮˿ڱ˵Ǹ֪ǰ֮˾ǰ֮޷˵
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äĲɵͨͨҵԾ
컹Ҫ˵õط
ɲ֮ä˸ԭ
äҶԼ츳ԼҲ㲻Ѫɫ
äҶȴò
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ŶҳҶЦü
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ȥǳ״ݻݼҵð취ԼԼĴмŮҶʯĳԲĴ
û롭
ҶҶĢַ֪́Źǰÿ귢Ĵӽݼһ᳹׳ڴ˵Ľ
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Ȼö֮ݼս㳲ΪʱҲֻտϵǿ߳˶Ϊս̫Ҳֻ߼ϵǿ߲սҲ˵ݼĸ߲㲻ݼЩͼӵҲпӹһ
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οҶɲͬˣֻҪһɾ֮ӵԪ⾳ǣû㹻Դ
ֻӵӴӵǿԴبŲƵܹݼĴ壬ԼӵĺôҶ֪
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ټһ壬ļ壬ӵǿߣĲƸļ壬Ȼûܴģ
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ƽ⡣ǣñȥ壬һ졣Գƣ
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أֻҡͷ
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Ԭɺ޲ҪͣԼѾǱ˶˰ЩݼҾżϣҲûܷԼǣΪĴϲԼȻΣ¶š,
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ҶţǲǵҪС˵ʱþȻȳˡ
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ԴӽӴ֮磬Ҷɷŷ֣Ҫɱһ̫ѡֻҪǱдֵ֧Ĵڣֳһݱעһյĵյ֮СֻҪ䣬յıƾͻԶȼȻ󣬽յǿ߾Ϳ¸
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ವģһŷԾҶɵʶ֮С
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ԼԼ飬˼顣ֻԼ飬Լǰ飬ȴĮȻ֮飬֮飡,
鵽¼飬ԭˣԭˣλ֮Уֻ̾
͸ֻطɵľӣֻؽһпɵû뵽ԼЦҶɣļ硣ڿǾ֮ʵ鵽µһֱֶѡ
Ҫ飬ͻ顣Ҫ飬ܾ顣ǺǣǴ۽ˣ۽磡
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ðɡҶɰЦŵ˵ͷǱһ˲ƣͽݼŮӸ˼֮С
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СˣԼĪǰ֮Ҳû׷ˡǹ֮У֮ءһƬƬԼ޷ץȡƲʡ̲ߵȼºܶ඼ҪֽҪ
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ȺǸмĳȥˣһȥ̱Ѫɫ֮С
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һСָܹܵʲô°͡
Сӡǲ֪ֻûĵһۣСӣֻȥһСָҲҪ
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ǰɱ֮֮ʱ˶ٻƴһڣȻɫѪܵģˡǣȴȻԵãƺֻչȫòų֡
쵨ҲԼֻҪúõĽѵһû롣ʱ

ոճѪɫ֮УһСָȣʹŤѿ쳣
ֻһСָֻһѨ
һѨӿĸѾʹ಻Ϊ΢³ΣԶ
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ǣҶɿóݼǿǵַʵܽ⡣Щżͽ׵ݼ̫ϳϣҲܳõάϵֵ֮ò˰ʱ䣬Ǿͻ;ƿݣ䵱
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Ϊֻǻ˴жѡûܳ׼ѪԼҲͲܳ׷ӴܡҲΪʲôҶȻҲʩչؼǡȴûùԭЩ֮ܣ϶صѪá
Ҫ̫ˡҶɵĺǳֻмѨѪתѪȫúԶ
ūˣһݣϽ˼顣ֻǣ˷ܵĺΣһʱģ޷ˡ

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ǰҶΪһԼЧãȥٿ˵ڣҶѾſ˲ݣ˵ָֻ
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ĿţһݼӵܻԲУɱһ䣬˾;ãȫǿɬ
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̣ҪȻȥֺһλݻ۵񣬳ǱƳƳ
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ǣΪֺһūͣҪķѲ֪ٵĲƸ
úԥĿ˸֮䣬
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ΪԽǸߣָԽȻԻݼҵȫ֧֣ǣֹ۵ĹƣҲһʱ䣬ָܻ
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ãϸ㹻ı꣬ҲǲԾǡҶָָ֮еݼӵܡ
ӵѪ֮ٿʼֱڣǰ󲻹һʱʱ䡣ǣ߼۷µݼӵܣѾȫ䡣
䣬ʵҲ͸ûʲô߼ǿߣѾ׷ϲģҲûκϣ
͸ֵЩ˼ǿˣٽǼżͽ׵̫ϳϣҲ޷ѣ
ܲأԸȫΪܲأþͺˮ֮ˣȻץסһݡ
ЦҶޱҡҡͷϲݼһǶʢҲһܹѹɡ׼ңտ󡭡ŶղһԼ˼ءǴϲռʵĵطҲտϵһãݼңѹ⼸óʵʶɡҲϻһڼƷ飡
һڣʨӴ󿪿ڰ
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ǣΪִƼҵã֪һһڼƷ飬ǾζšݼµĹȫҪնڣһЩ硢ΪеͣҲôӵܣʮ֮ڣܻκ֧֣
֪еʹǱߣֻȴһΪȻģ
ŴʲôһڶѣͲʲôֻûĽѵħ졣
ǰǿһڰһżŶǮһڿټżָͷģͺҶɲǳҪǮڶթԼ
Ӱ㲻ݼжˣֻغǳֻ߼˼ǿߣÿˣÿڼֻȡüֵһǧƷƷǾǧڣСͼǿأټЩ̫ϳأʲôؾݼӵܣҲ϶٣ôһݼδѵֵһڼƷ飿,
ֻظͬǸֻɵ۵ġħЩ˵һڼƷȷˡǣֻ˵Ҳûʲô
ˣݼңԸ⳼ݼ˼ǿߣʯļֵ󡣡ݻģҪΪݼôһʲƸ
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ǵǰ׳𣿡Ҷֻһٶԡ
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ʵϣԼƾʲôҪҶɿڣ
սԼġҶܹԼäԬɵķݶϣ־ˣѾǺʴˡһڼƷ飬ݼҵδҲ
ʲôݼҳֲ۲ĳŵȷʵʲô
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ϼݻţݼһЩضıأֻݼΣյʱ򣬲ܶáû뵽֪һһزصļֵȻߴһڼƷ飡
һڵزذܹһǿ߳ɳʲô̶ȣֻҪްֻһһڣҲԽزأֱżɵۣ
ϼݻ۵۾ˣǺ޲һѽǿǣǲңָͷҶĳȹĳȣףֻҪĸҶɶֵģþͻʬΣ
ǣ۾ģҶɿȥǺȻ֣ҶɾȻƽޱĽǿ
ŽжտɵۣҲ޶԰ɣãҲɵþݡ
ݼŮ֪ⲻʲôǶҶ˵һڼƷ飬ʲô
տɵǵȴ˵һڼƷ飬ܹӾżнףžż߽׳ǣɾҶ˵ֻҪһɹܸԪҶ˵һƷ飬ëëꡭ
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⻹ֻֻصĹƣֻҲܵԼ߱ռλ档٣Ǽɾǿ߶ľأ浽ʲôڣ˭֪
һڣɾǿ˵ֱǱˮнǿزҶĸпᱻһڸŻֻ̫٣һڣֻͷۻۣȻݼҵҶҳ֣ǾͲҪҵֶ̫
ҶĮĽزУȻ󣬲Ķ˵ڣȥ
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һСָϣֻһѨһϣȴʮѨһľϵѨйأһЩѨ֡ѨѨƢѨСѨѨѨͿ֪ϵѨӿ룬Ľ
ȵƣ뵽˵Ѫ֮ȥ;ã˶ҪһָоǰԼóóȻĳѪ֮ȥûʲô
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ϵĲͬ
ҲһǿԽ˵ľݻٵ꣬ҶѧʱţֱȥŶֵľڣѪ֮ٵҲڡݻľǿ󣬲Խǿߵľݻ٣ôѪ֮٣Ҳûô
ոձΧȣܿͲ⸺ϵȱʧԼֻתһͿԽɸȥ
ֻ˼СֵѪѪܴЧаϲ
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þáԼѾ̬ȶˣ룬Ҷȴб۾Цôڴߴˣ,
ңҡһΨΨŵŵ
ȻֻǺһƳǣȴãҶһƳĿ⣬˫ǿ߻Ҫ
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ǣõĹĻǰ񵤣ղţҶɼʱ֣˻ڡ
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Զģ֮еݼӵܣǲϣ
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ȻݻҲа˼ˮ׼ǣǱʣԶԶܸᲢۡ
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˵˿ڶ࣬žͶࡣǣǿ϶ڶࡣΪԽļ壬ԽܻȡḻԴ˵úԴȥѣһͷҲܳΪ߼ޣ
ݻۣϼоڳݼӵܣʵֻӹŶѡǡżķḻԴҲһܹΪ߼˼Ĵڡ
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ʵϣݻۡϼŰ˼ΪҲû˻ƺΪɻʡ
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Щݼӵܣżһͬ飬ʱ䣬ԲСͬ꣬ȫֱܱصݼҵӶȥ
ʶĴɱ
Ȼݻۺϼ֪Ȳķ衣ǣȴûпס
ڣҲð˼ϣŮǱߣ̲ס¶һ˿м
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ǣȴȫûз֡»Щ鸡ã˫֮УȻ͸˵ıˡ
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ݻۺϼûз֣ȵĹΧ󣬵ǣȴֻƶѡվЩأϸϸȥܷ֣ԺηĹܱƸ
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ԤеıܷˣǣԤеĽȴûг֡
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ҶɵĻԽԽˡֻأҲЩĥ͸
ڼǰҶµ˵ʱһ룬ħгֻؾܹҶɵЩʲô
ǣ̶֮ҶƳõ񣬵ζʲôֻȴѾ޷͸תֻ̣֮Ҳ޷͸
ָоͺֻɵ۴˰ֻزԸ̾ԭΪȻҸˡǣҲõϼǧ꣬ʱ䣬һᵽָоû룬ʱ䣬Ȼͳɳ̶ֳȣ
ǰĴУҶɵõްĺôҶɵõ޾ĺôҶɵõƷ˵ı
ǣǰĴǿҲܴĻ
ҪϵܻõǣҶȴľͻˡڣڻûȫɹɾ֮ĴʱѾӵ˸ɾǿĻ
ѵһ˿֮壬ĸƿ֮򣿡ֻв졣
ֻصӡֻܹƿ֮ߵĴڣܳԽ̵ֻ֮Ʋ⡣Ʃ磬ֻؾûĺȻôķʡ
֮⣬ֻص⣬ɾĴڣԼڼʵ״̬ҲӦÿһ
Ԫľ磬Բļټܹƿ֮ߵٰλ˭Ķ֣͸ǰֻ֮ҶɵӰԵĸߴ󡭡

ֻز֪ǣʵҶɵ˼ԼѾ޷㡣һ硢ΪԶԼĴڣֻ̣֮ҲѾΪ
ȼȿܣ
Ȼ˼Ѫȴϲɫ
ȻЧ
ֻƣ״̬ѪţѪ֮ٵӴʴѨȫӿһǳٵĿ
ǣֻ˼ѪȾͽЩ񱩵ĸųȥ˾ųɾšʣǰٷ֮һȻϢԼѪ֮СһȦ΢ɫâ͸
ǰԼǼеѪӵ˳򡣿ڣѪûиܵǸдİٷ֮һȻԼӵѪ
Ϊʲôֱᷢ仯Ȳ,
ͻȻ֮䣬һʯʶлȽ˹
ԭҵѪѪʵǴѪ֮ݻ֪Ѫһʼ棬Ĵڣ
գҲŻ
ǿߣҲֻܱĽܻܽõĺôҲǳɹɽ֮󣬵õԾ
ǣǿߣڶɽ֮ʱȴܻĪĺôѪһʼ棬⼫Ĵڡ
ԶҶҲ˵ͷ
ֻѪɱȴûпѪʵڵѪ֮١ܹɢѪ֮еһ˿˿ȡѪ֮СѪܣǿ󣡡
뵽ҶҲɵþЩϧ
ǰѪ֮ҲԳȥȡһ˿˿ڣԼȴֻʱһµѪ֮ٶԼļӳɺôֽԼܣͻȵ˥
Ҷɰҡͷ΢΢̾Ϣʱ򡣶ɼƷʯĹ֮Уϼȡֻ֮С꣬Ȼ۾
˵ͻȻСﴫҶ΢΢һ㶡
ԪӤ̬Ѫ֮һͿȥȡѪ֮еѪ
С飬ҶɲһĶ
ǣҲʲô˵顣Ѫ֮ڵҶ˵ҲֻǾ֮꣬͡ͽţʱֻƼڣֻ÷ַӵʱ䣬һѪ֮
Ķж
Ѫ֮ٿɲɱ֮٣ڵʱ䣬Ѿֻв˸ʱҶһ룬ԪӤʹз˳
ԪӤϣáϼݻŮͺһ
ֻҪƴʱ˲Ż񣬻ԪӤϡڣҶռϷ磬ΪʲôȻԪӤϣ
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ԴǴνԪҶɾûоԪӤԪ̬ȥսˣԼԪӤǿ
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ԪӤһϣǧռ䣬ʵ飡
죬ʱգݼŮļ
ÿһռλ棬ʵؿռ䡣λλ֮䣬йκǿ߶֪СĻʱա
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ԶޱȵĲֻǱʱ裬Ӷû취ӣ
˵ŮѾǸεѣͱҶûֶΣԼҶɱǲ֪ȥġǿڡŵûκζ־ŮԾǶ־ȻҲ򲻸ʱգ
ŮҲѾ֪һΣյԴ
ˣҶˣݣధ
ΪޣΪ⣡
ʱ֮ǰԼʮĶ֮ݼ£ǰҶɡʱ֮ԼҪһزأҪڵϣϵߵġǺεȵķεϷԵı仯
ƳãҶɰԵ˵ͷ
ſ꣡һͽõʶ
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ˡֻҲڿס
ԭҪŮꡣɻū
ҪݼҳҶһû㹻֣Ҳûʱ;ȥġǣֻҪõ꣬ԼĿܣԼĻūݼңҲӳԼա
ʵǵΪֹʶƻֻܿǿߡҶɸô鷳ڡֻѡĥõ־֪Ļ䣬ֱױ
ԭҶΪҪóױֻܵȵֽˡû뵽ԼԪӤһȻͳȻᡣ
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ֻǵ츳ܣڻʱжλڣԼˣԽʱգط԰֮СԽ
˵ѵĿռ䣬ƽĻʱգͺǿһ㣬޷ѡǣ񵱳Ѿ
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˾Ĵڣܹū˼۷ĻūδšǣϢģ̶ɲǵʱþѾҶɵĻū
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׹ʱҲҲᱻԶ֮УýѡҶɲϳ֣£ֻ˶ϡ
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ʲôûվȥǵ޹أ
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ǰ쳣ĻʱգȻ˿Ѿõ֮ءŮɫԵģһһŻʱ˹ȥ

ݻۺϼĽ֣Ҷɲġ
ղţüŮԸأŮ˶֮ŮҲԶѹ˵ūܡ
ͺѾäԬɣ
֣겨ܷŭ
Ԭɣʼ˫Ŀգսʲôج֮оѡ
ȫǷ
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ˣҵܡҵȴûм֮
ȫҹ֣겨һӣ⼸ǿߣ䵽˹֮⡣֣겨Ըģһƽ߸ߴʮɵľִŶӣӥץСһ⼸ǿߣͶ֮ȥ
˭֪֣겨һãǾǿ֣겨Ļ˵ֻоۿᵽż硣˵Ի򲻶ԡѾ޹ؽҪˡ⼸ǿ˵ΨһĽ֡
ʦѵǸҶɵı󣬻ʲôĴڣ֣ɫŭ
꣬һССĻϡڣȻѾԸäԬĴڣ˶ѣ
ҲΪ֣겨ҡҡͷѾ컯ȫ㣬ǣֱڣҲûıɵĴڡ
ƿ֮ߵǿߣ֣ȵգգ۾˵տݼҵƿ֮ߣδ֮ԼȥѵԬʦǱɱģ
ԲС֣겨ɫҲһƬģͲñˡߺߣû뵽ȻֶΣ
ģ֣겨Ͱˣϡ
ʦҾΡ֣˵ǰҲǸСһӵͷΡ⼸СӶ԰ôܸȴ˹ϵ,
֣Ͼ֣ΪȻߣ۹ȴͷ˾Ȼܹоõ顣
ֻǣ֣̫ˣ޷֣겨š
СΪʦ˵ٴˡ֣겨ҡҡͷѵϲ²ԸܲˬʣԻø߲ε졣ǣΪԸʧȥ̫ᣡ
ֱԸ񡣡֣Сֹһ䡣
ֱ֣겨ЦãСֱǽڷḻľ顢֮ϵġɵ컯Щ˶޷㡣е⼸ó䷨ǿ߶ֱƶ飿㰡㣬ȥٰҴ
Բⶨ
дһ飡
Ҫ֣ɫ˰ס
֣Ըһ˼ɻʣҲԸⳭдԲⶨ䡷ÿһֽϣԼ꣬ͺһúܲ
ƫƫܹꡣÿһ飬Լͻǿһ㡣Ըǿ֮ȥꡢصķţȻ°빦֣겨Ļ˵֣ԼֶӼӣ϶ѧԭȻ֣ɫЩÿǣǲò˵ͷ
֣겨һĽѵ֣ʱһʿһ򣬼Ҵҵ˽
ˣܱ
Ŷ֣겨üëѵѾҵˣ
һʱǰͻı滹ǡտǷܣ޷˽롱ôŹôһҵ
֣겨ʶһƳݼѣ
֣겨һӣȻվݼҵʵôѣѵоż۷ǿߣݼҳˣ
ΪҶɵԵʣ֣տϵҲЩ˽⣺ʦݼǿĺԼμðɡǵС壬Ҫż۷ǿԳ֣
ֻӵоżڵļ壬ǿƵϴ塣ֻӵоż߽׵ļ壬Ǿܹ˵ϻʲôݼ֮С壬żн׵Ĵڳ֣Ӷˣоż۷Ĵڣݣ
㰡㣬㲻ڼֱ˵ãô˵㣬㶼ֱôͲܿ͸ݼң֣겨ɫõĿ֣ߵҪǻǸνġֱԺÿ췣
Բⶨ
һٱ飡
ʱ䣬֣Դ
575.֣˫ۣ£
ݼҲ;żǿߣ֣㶣ʦտϣֻ׷ʤһżô
ЩԻ˵ģ֣겨һ˵ǰտϼѾӵоżǿߡ-&lt;&gt;-%ʱ⼸δǣ⼸żǿȴȫʧӰ٣Сһ룬ʲôԵʣ.
ǱԣôǱҲȫʱ䣬Ӳ¶棡֣ϸϸõҪôЩżڷʲôءؾͳͳСҪôǰΪʲôڽϾϾʱ䣬⻹˷ѽ⡣
ǰ˷ѽ⣡֣겨ĵ˵ͷС㿴㲻νġֱϸ⣬ҲͷͷǵҪø죬Ӧüȥ
ֱ֣겨ⷢӣССĽѵ˼䣬֣ҲöײֻΨΨŵŵӦ˼䡣
֣겨˵컯顣ңҵ컯㣬ɵۡɻʣ㸸ڣҲ㡣ǣû֪ԭ⼸ֳ˲پżǿߡǣǲǺܿʧԵɡֵĥ
˶٣֣겨ݼѡѵĸɵһЩüĿҪտ𣿡
Ҳ㣡
֣ƤӲҵ˼¡
֣겨˵û֮УԼôܸϲԣҲѧĲ˵Լ󲿷ֱ£Ǵ֣겨ѧġ
ǣ֣겨ȴ졣
ɵ۵Ů٣ÿŮɵ۴졣֣겨ѧľȻҲСǸһȣͲܴˡڽ׸߼֮ǰֲ໹̫ԡ֣̤߼˾ʱ͸̵ĸо˸в
ҪǰϢ߸ʡ
ʱŪҶɵ湦֣˼ֻص档
֣겨Ǻεһ۾Ϳ֣뷨Ǻǣȥɡ㸸Ϊ̫šԵ̫Ҳе£տǡڣǱ㡣
֣ɫһϲϽʩл֣겨Ҵ˳ȥ
֣ȴ֪뿪󲻾ã֣겨ϣ¶˱΢Цֱֱһֱ磬Ϊʣɵ֮µһˣȴû뵽ͻɻƿˣϲӰɡٺ٣ջǱҡ

Ȼֵͬܣǣ֣ͷ֣겨̫ࡣ
Ȼ˵˼ھܷʡǣÿ˼ڣԼɻʡš֣겨Щǰ˼۷еٮٮߡǣΪԭ򣬶ûɻʷš,
ΪϰߣΪܹ̫
֣겨ȴΪʼձһ޴Ӱ֡
֣
ֻ֣Ǿоľ
ɵ֮µһˣ˵ʵʵϣǾеľżҲ֪һ֣Ժɨż߽µǿߣ
Ȿǲ߼顣
ԽߣΪԽߣԽսԽѡ
˵ʮ߰˸һˣԸ˽һˣһǱϼѵһˣ㶨˺
ǣʮ˼ˣҲһܹӮùһżڡˣǱϼѵİ˼۷壬Ҳֻܸżͽ˽һ޷ټԽս
ǣ֣ΥĴڡǰ˼ͽʱѾܹսʤżͽˣﵽ˼۷󣬸ǿԺɨż߽µĴڣ
û֪ԭ򣬾ŮҲ֪ԭ
ˡ֣ר֮⣬ûѣû
ȻΪĺպԣûûе̣ҲȻ˸ͱͺ񼸰ǰ֣ʥˡʥʷǵѰ𣬻ԹԵ˼ֵǧڼƷıͺԼһʲô顭
СϢȷУ֣ԴȵĿ˿Ķӡ
Ȼ֣겨˵֣֣Ļġңĵȷȷģ֣ﲢû֣Ϊ磬֮ƥ졣ǣ֣ﴫһ֣Ͳֱĺӡ
֣ϥŮ٣ܻ׼ģֻ˶ѣ
ǣ֣Ըм˵ơָ֣֣겨飬Ѿ֣겨ɱΡ
ʣ֣ЩˣʦǸʵܵܣʦֶΣѵʻỳʦжϣ
ǺǣȻǡ֣ɫ˵֣˫ܾöû¶ǰˡҲһֵòտ¶һˡ
֣ζģ͵̾˿
576.˽֮

Ҷڵľ磬¡ڡ
Ѫ֮٣ֻǳҶһ˶ҶɵԪӤ֮ܣûмػҲԵһǣΪݼҵȫѪ֮ٵѾɡΪȵĳ֣Ѫ֮ٵѾ߳࣡
ΪӦ֮ˣҶڵλãȻǵѪ֮ٵ롣ռλ֮ɵĴ٣Ҷɿ϶㵽ʱȥ򣬸޴ӡ
ҪƫƫڵҶɣĵѪ֮Ҫ͸Ѫ֮٣ȡ쳣ѡ£ϢʱγɵȫȻ˰ʱʱ䣬ûܳɹ۳
ٶȣѪ֮ٹȥˣҵûܳҶ΢΢üͷһת
ڶԪǣ͸ˣ
Ҷɵ͵һȣǱδڵĵڶԪ񣬾ѸٻΪһֻСӣҶõǷ֮СΪԵʣûκۣڶԪͳҶɵǷǡ
죬ȥλ棬ҵĵڶԪȥ
ҶɵڳλкȻ컹ûüӦͱλ֮ţ˳ȥ
ҲɡһͶ·λವһӣ֪ȥ
һҶɵĵڶԪ񣬾͸ӦĽ֮
ǷǳðȻսʵ̫ǣҶҲò츳ܡֻϧԼȴ޷ģ¡˵ѧ
һΣѡλռ䣬Ҷڵλò̫ԶڶԪеĹ֮Ӳûнκͳɹɻʱա
̫ϡ˰ڶԪո̤һλʱ΢΢ҡҡͷҲڸ̾һ£ϥ£һƴľ鷨Ӧ
ȻҶûȥλ档ǣ˵Լڵ⴦λռ֮⣬ܴλռ䡣Ҫ̫࣬ʺǿ
ǣЩλռҲһôǾǣΪûԣҶɵĵڶԪ˵Բܴŵ⼳ȡ
ôŨĵطһɣҲԵòá
֮ôϡĵطֻһãҲԵ̫⡣
οҶڲҪֻҪ
޴ľ鷨ʼתһӿ֮ʱһλ֮еԪӤҲ̸оӿ롣
Щ,
ٶȣԼŻܸϵѪ֮ٵβ͡ǣôݵʱ棬ԼܲȡҪ
Ҷüͷ΢ʱֻһ˵ˣһʮ󣡡
ʮǳתͱκξ鷨ţ档ǸλռвһʮӦÿԼӿٶȡ
ǡ
ˣû㹻ļƷʯĻ㹻֣ūҲ޷ʮ󡣡
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ãѾûʯҶɿԷҲû㹻ʯʮ
ο㹻ʯĻҶֱˣҲһҪʲô
֪ˣǰͲˡҶεҡҡͷ
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Ҫκεطܻռλ֮ΪκʽֻвླĴڲҶǰŹ֣Ҫﵽ־磬ûиʮʱ䣬
Ҷҡͷ̾Ϣʱ򡭡
С꣬ⷨװ
ҶûκҪ£еС꣬Ȼ͸һûüϸ룬ΪʲôСͻȻǴһԼʱҶɵüͷͲ
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ֺѷǣȴҶɿþĶǡ
ڵľת֮һ˽֮ҲǻԼΪ
ǣڵľת֮ͬǣȻǾת֮ΪʵԼϣֻǱҲΪʲôת֮ǿߣǿ߾ȹ̣սǿԵʡ
˽֮ͬȫȫģԼĿռλ֮ԭλռ䣡
һʱ䣬Ҷɳ
貽577.Ҷɵħ
Ҳ˵ҶЩռλ֮ȫ֮סãǣʧȥ˿ռλ֮ǳλ泹ױ᲻Լٴε뵽ԭȵ״̬֮УĿƿ֮
ƿ޹ҶӰǵѪ֮ĸܸҶɴκħǣƿȴҶ֮ɢħ
Խĥ˽֮ҶɵԽҡǼҲ
ͬĩһ㣬ݻ飬ȫ䡣ʬҰĳַӰҶɵ
ѭ
ȷһʵģҶɵĻūá
ãԼʱʩչ΢һҶɣǣϧǣѾǻūֻҶɵ겨
Ҷɵ꣬ħõҲ޷ƵĿ־塣
ƿĿ־壡
ĸǿߣƿֻnĴڣǲ֪ССٸƿƿĿ־һ֣;ãеƿͺһϣܶʼجΣԼۣ
˲ͻˣ˵ʲôҶɡԼ״̬ҶɻҪʮ
ڶһʵġƴɱȡȻ뼫ԽԽԶǣһδƴɱѪ֮УȡԽԽĵѪ֮ħĸӦͨ΢΢ʶƣʱ͸ӦҶɵıʡ
ˣ
ףһ⡣ͬһ㣬ֱҶɵħ
һСħʶơҲȻ
ڹˣħڣħҲ˶ߡ
ôܣֻȻеļ򣬿һħôܻħ
ֻĻū֪׷ʲôǣʱãѾ⵽ٱֻȥҲûش
ңشΣ
ѪԽԽǿȣȻȻ๥ħķνศѪ֮١ħĴ٣ͬʱҲſ˷ħ
ǣȻѾȣҲ޼ƿʩһʩչҶɾ޷Ӧħɣ
nndôᷢ飡ֻɫã̲ס˾ֿڡ
ֻ˲ʱ䣬Խ⡣ǳλ棬ҲҶɵʼ𶯡
λ֮еֻءħӣӲȥǶʯ֮еС꣬ȴûһ
С꣬Ǹôȥҵֻأһ⹬֮۳ֻ֮ԼĸУСϡ,
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ֻˣǿƵС꣬ԼǸ
ֻǰôˣħһ˲ƣֻصߡ
ȶԣħȶǳλѣҶħ䣬ΪūԼ޿⡣ҶǸ䣬ˣγȥôġ
ħӹģ˶ɹħ
֪ô죿ֻؿɬҡҡͷ
ֻ꣬ɵ֮ʱֻ񽣲ֻɵ۵ߡˣֻطǵһ٣յֻɵһ˿Ϊֻɵ۵ʼǾ֮Уˡ
û뵽󣬵ԼҵһɾĴڣһǰţ浽޷⣬ưǾǿʱǿڣȻ˶ѡ
ӣԼҲ·ˡʱ䣬һ֮УֻϮ
ħֻ֪صЩʲôֻǰôĦöγɾ֮ĽѵͲ֪ʲô˷ħֶΣ
Ҳֻ͹ȥһַܽǰ顣ħʵǲףֻΪʲôʧǡ
ûħʳȻλ֮УΨһһʵ½Ѿʼ𽥱
ˣˡֻħ֪֪ɾǿߵλռ֮УܵõĪĺôҲ˶ѣɾǿһаãڣǵɾǿʲô⣬Ҳ
˵ְæ
ڣħ˵ֻص˼
𣿡ħǵҲ޷
ħĲ𽥱ĳλ֮Уϥ(..֧֣Ķ578.նħ
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ԭѾħãȻ⵽Ѫ֮ٵĺʱ䣬ѪۼţͿҪˡ.
ˣˡλ֮Уֻ
ǳɾ֮٣Ȼ˳ɾ֮ĽֻҲûĻ䡣ʱܶ־ȻĴħȣȥЩʵԼĴڲභڣȴ޼ƿʩ
һ̵ãһ̵ҶɡˣֻҶǰıϡҶˣһжɢ
ؼʱ̣

ħҶɣȻһ
˫ۣȴǽţһ˿΢϶û
ħ򣿾ֻؾĪʱͿҶɵ˫ȭȻ
ħ֮ȭ
ҶɵԪӤֻдСһǼħ֮ȭҲֻһСİ֮塣ǣЩİСİ֮壬ļһ
ǰ֮ݻЩ顣Ѿ顣ȡ֮ġЩİСİ֮塣Щ鲻ɽЩ֮֮Уһ׳
ˣֻزɵþһ䣬ħħ֮ȭȻã
գ˫Ŀ΢յħ΢΢۾ֻɨһֻǰ澵ӣ͵Ȼ˵ʵⲻӦýħ֮ȭ
Ȼ󣬾һα۾
Сӵ˵㰡
ѧħħ֮ȭΪʲôħȴ˵Ӧýħ֮ȭƿĹŹ顣Լɮ붨ħֻ̲סҪץˡ
ץ֮еֻأȴûǰħ֮ȭҶͻĪƿ
ħζĥζͬʱҲζž޴Ļᡣ
նħ
κǿߡֻҪܹնħľΪͻ˲õķԾ
ʱҶɣѾ̤֮ż֮ϣǣһΪȴԶԶûﵽ֮
վ֮ż֮ϵģԪӤľ
նħֻҪնħľΪͿ֮
ͺ񣬵ľΪǰ֮һҶɵľΪܹǰ֮ͿɾӸ¡ɰս֮á
ֻأȴѾЩˡڵӡѾҳһࡣ
ģ鲻֪᲻ȥĳλ档
ģĪȻħ֮ȭ
һʱ䣬ֻãˣȻûз֣һߵֻ̣֮Ѿʼѡ,

ʱ˿̣ҶɾԼһĪΧȻܸӦԼ飬ȻһǼħ֮ȭʱǣ꣬ȴһɽѹţ޷õѡ
ħ֮ȭƣ
ҶŭţȻһǼħ֮ȭ
ȭʵȭ
ˣȴԻˡ
ҵ꣬һȭ
һԼ֮Ĵݺİ֮壬ҶɾȻԼľٶˡ
ħ֮ȭȭֻﰵԣŻݻ֮塣ȭ񹥻طʲôĺ޹Լô֮ʩչ
ҶʮԻʱһ֮壬ײıԵ֮أȻѡ
޷ƵϣҶɺȻ˹ԭħƿħ
ħ֮ˣ֪ԼħħµĵطħֻҪûնͻ㡣ֻذħҲ
նħһؾħ֮ڣԼеʲôħ
¿ͷѣҶڿ˵һأ
Ĳҿ¹ʵϣǶƿǿ־尡Ҷɲĳ̾
ֿ־壬ԼŹȡ
ֿ־壬ԼͲἱܻѰǰ֮յĴ𰸡
ֿ־壬ԼҲڻǰ֮Ų֮󣬻Լ˭
ѣѾħף
˵һصҶɣȻ֮䣬ࡣ
ҾңҲ
һδ˳ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ۼţ͸ɱȥ
ָɱ񣬾ͺʧȥˮֵĽʬȫͬ
֮ߣҶɵ֮УһߣȻֳ
֮ߣһ֮ߣʷδһ֮ߣ
ԭܹ֮ѸǽδڵԼ򣡡
ʱ䣬Ҷ
ǻʱܹƿһԽɱ
˫ĿȻɽգǣҶɵϣȴ¶˵΢Ц
579.ƿ֮ߵ
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ѵղŵĿռѣѾӽҵ壿ֻزɵðԲ˰亹µõԼֻ֮ѵԭ
ֻصⱲӣҲ֪ˡʵʵҶɵķԸʯ֮С
Ҫʩչ˽ֻ֮ʯҶɵĻ䣬ֻһƿռλ֮ͱҶɳȡ˳ȥ
ȡƿʹãǳ׷׻Լڵλ档
ȻҶҲЩԭΪĿɢߣѾһ鷨
˫ͬת
ԪӤ͵ڶԪ񣬷λ棬ֱһ鷨м䡣˫ͬʱת£µǣۿɼٶȣɿ˳
һ˲䣬ҶɵԪӤֻһӤ֮С
һ˲䣬ͳɳ߰С
ֻգۣҶɵòͶ˶ʮҵģ
ãҲҵĳλ֮ȥɡ
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ͬħŵáͻƾżζҶɽ󼫴˵ãҶҲҪһԵ
ವһӣҶɽøʯ֮СŸոտԼڵĵطþ̲ס΢΢ս
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ĴֱʣֻضԾС˵ʶԶֻصˡԭΪūþѾ׳ҶɡڿʯþֻܹĤˡ
Ҷûȥﲻϸ蹦̵µá
ҲҪܵѪ֮ٵϴ
뿪ڣʱѾȥʱȻмһʱ䣬ˣûмɱȡѪ֮еľȻˣȵѪѪҲѾ׳һֲ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ȣѪһѪҲضˡҶŲߵȵߣ档
ǰˡ֮壬˵ѪѪ֮ӦñȲһѪǣҶɵĸоȴֻǿѪѪҪǿ󼸷֡
л࣡ȳĳĴ׵л
ҶɼıŸո̤Ѫ֮٣Ѿ
Ҷɵָ㣬Ҳ𲽳ԣѪĳεԼ
ҶɵĬҲѾҶɵ⡣
ӸţõİϢİȳָ㣬ѵá
ʱ˿̣ȵѪҲѾ߹ģȻԲǲ磬ǡѾսҡҵԼҪߵĵ·,
ɱɱɱڲϵƴɱ֮У֮ɾѪ֮
ѪҲǵѪӰɣҶɣҲͬôΪ
ʱʣ޼ôݼӵܣҪúǰҶָָΧݼӵܣϷʡ
ʱ˿̣Щݼ̫ϳǣҲѾȫ˷ܹץʱ䣬Щ˼żĴͳͳնɱȵѪ򣬱ؽлøĺô
ǡ
ˣǻǽɡ˰벽ʩ
ȺҶ֮ԻֳϣΪȡѪ֮еľ
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һʼȻֻݼӵܷ֮£ͨŻѪ֮սѪ֮еĸǣɹնɱ˵һݼӵ֮ףνɱС
ɱ֮Уһи֮Դɱı⣡
ǣˡȻЩݼӵԼУԼʲôǣȴøˡ
áû뵽ǣҶ΢ЦҡҡͷҾһµѪ֮ٵϴʱ䲻࣬Ͻ
˵ţҶɾĴͺҪԵģʲô֮٣һͨͨĽΡ
ȼȿҲ벻סҪõѪ֮еľΪʲôȴѻøң
ʱȷˡ˸ɱˣҲֻԼ
ҶɲɱУȻǡ
ĳū֪ģͳͳ֪֪Ķȴ˽⡭

ƿ֮ߣƿʷƿδҪ˼£޵аҶ֣һƬѪɫռĴߡ⣬ʵ氵⡣
Ѫ֮ٵľ֮˳һ˿ߣʷδԴԴϵӿҶɵ塣һԽ֮Ĵڴˣ϶ᾪȵķ֣ò͵ĵѪ֮٣ʵѾڲϵ˥ˡ
Ѫʼ棬Ѫңȴꡣ֪ҵȫ¼зչǰ;ѪһѪǱ󣿡
ĲҶɵ˫Ŀ֮Уޡ(δϲⲿƷӭ.ͶƼƱƱ֧֣Ķ580.ݼز
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ʵԽĿƣñɳūеĽоյĶɹֻ֮Ҷ˵
ȷϽò̫ࡣöѾҪɾ;żɵ֮ˣ죬֪ʲôʱȥмˡ
ǡ
ܸоǱ󡣡
ȵǱѾʵǿѪ򣬶Ҷʤ֮ġ
ħãҲǳԡħ֮ȭһְȭħ֮ٺҶɺħѾףħ֮Իħ֮ȭ϶иεĺ塣
˵ħҶɵǰ֮һ
˵ƺЩпˡ츳ãǣҶȴȫû취ơɻūõūƺӺһЩ
ǱǱֻһͷˮ
ԽԽ㲻ˡֻ̣֮ҲѾ޷һСľ磬Ѿȫҵ֪
ɾ֮Ҷһľ硣ǣȴԪټԼ֮ߣŵ˵λռû˭ľߡ
ֻرҶȴ΢΢ҡҡͷǾ߻Сæֻʼ֮٣֮١Ҹɲȥ
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ҶɵһУֻѾ޷͸ǣɵȴڣֻػǿ˵ͷͷǵ޲ġ
ڵֻأҲֵѾʼžż߽ͻơΪܵʯеֻ֮һѸٲ
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ѹȥȡݼұأ֪ûв۵ļһҸҵĺ棿,
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ңԶ֮տǵļŲͬķߵǿɽ֮ҶɵġʵΪһĪ
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Ĵڣһӻ۷壬ˣʷϲټЩҲʶֱӳɾļˡ
ǰҶݼҶʱչֳ弶ˮ׼ǻڶɽ֮СĴڶΪɽ֮Ҷɣܻ߼ˮ׼û룬ȻֻǸССһˡ
ݼǱߣѾס˴֣ǿòʲôôˡҪҪٶСӳ֣
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С꣬ڶǿ߰ɣôĿռλ档ܹܵɵѹ
˵ˣǱɸ߳һɣһٵλϣҲλ飬˵ߵǿߡ
ֻҪطסͿˡСߴߴģ˵˼ҲһЩѹĵЩͬö࣬һҲò𡣡
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һ·ϣصʵܶࡣ˭ҸҶɵĺֻҶɾ룬Ҳѡ
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ԭҶɻΪֻΪ˸ּߣһҪСġֻɵǵȴˣҲӲȥ
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ЦȻС꣬ҶɺֻضãԽԽԻԽԽǸǽȫĴˡ
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Ҳǣɼǿɸ߳ĸҪ¾ͲʮƷʯܹ㶨ˡ
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ˡҲ˵ˡҶɣСͲϷʵˡֻɫ˵Ȼֻһռλ档ǣ˽λ涨֮󣬾ͻиĳλ֡
һĳλǿߵǱʸߵ͡λˮ׼㣬˿»ӵʮϵĿռλ档ֻнЩλͳͳͣǹһ졣,
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ﶼûҵֻضѾ˷ܳģҵʲôǻ˷ܵʱʹȥ
ҶɰЦʱ򣬺ȻС꾪ϲĽԶ飡
583.飨£
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ѰͼǿصԿ𣿡ҶɵʶɳػصɨӣȻûܷʲôġԼң϶Ͱͨҳ˹ȥ
ˣ飬ֻɼʶܿߡ˿ɱСôһɳǲֵҲϰƷʯĸ߼۳
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С꾪ȵĵɴ˫ۣˣ㲻ǵİɣ˵ǻۣѵɳֵ𣿡
ҵȻ֪Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵Ǿɳֵ֡Ӧıء¾͸ɷ۲ǣĶȥѰɳҵģҪǶӦĲرصڸ߼λ֮Уָô죿
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ˣ̸δ߼λ棿˵ɱ̧Ҷˡ
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˵ǰ֮С˫ۣһãҲ֪һӡûˡ
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ˣȷҪСʮֿϧĿɳ˵飬ֻҪȱһҲ޷򿪱أľҪ
ǺǣС꣬ɾ硣ǣﰡҶɹһЦһɿռλ֮ͽɳ˳λ֮С
նħ֮ǰҶɻ˻ʱʵʼնƿ־塣
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ڣҶɽɳλȻ֣ԼĿռλ֮޷˲佫飡
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Ҷɺĵ˵ͷΪԽߣԽܣǳ
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ɿ˿ɽ֮⣬޺˵ӣڻġѾѹ飬Ȼ뿪
Ҳ½磬ȥһɳǣЩǿĴڣֻȶ˼

ҶɽɳʱСڳλ֮УСܹɳ״
ҶɼɳʱСܹȵĻصλҲûɳ״
ǣСȴûлȥ
ǵøһЩСЦ˵ǾŴأȥȡ
ҶɵЦŵ˵ͷſȫСꡣ
ݼҵʮս棬ȫտϡҶڵһλտ֮⡣Ŵزءֲھſ֮ϡһ·˳˳ˮСҲûʮʱ䣬ܻת
ҶɲСİȫӽż߽׵ԼɼĿֲ磬ұ鷳Ͳˣĸб¸ңǣҶһϡ

ڣΪģõļᶨ֧ߡ
ȡ档ܻðķաһݼȷʵʧأǣȴΪǡǡ֤õжϡֻ˭ûϵȡҪԵĿֲΣհˡ
Ҳ̵֧߰ɡǰòСŮǺЦ
С겻ÿɷվǼʴУޱ顣
С겻ԼҲգ˵ǴǴؾģҴûм㡣һΣҲҪȥʱ򣬻հ
տϵĸɡһ֣տϡһ֣Ǵؾ֮Сؾ֮еǲտϵǿ̫ࡣȻа˼߽׵ΪСΪ˶Ŀֻ¶ˮ׼ǣȴһСǰڼӡ
СЦЦĿ˿ǲԲ
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Ȼڽڱǣһ˳Ҳסγ϶ʲôʹһڣܱʹͷС,
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Уʲô׾Ǹث֣ѵҸϺ
һڿд˼Ǿ˷ܡ
ĽٺˣտǸΪһǰһشʣǼʴֻԸ˿šҲΪʲôҶɻԸɸˡ͡СԵʡ
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˶֪ǿƵã׼˻ȥǣ׼ҿ϶ݼҵ鷳
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üͽźȵһеľŽɣûҶΪòʱݷˡȻʱ˴žŽɱˣ

ǼʴУһƬȻ
ŽֲǴײˣõóݼȻȽϸԣǣҲжپŽ,
һ˼߽׵ǿߣһŽεһСһӳҡ
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ĻȫûеݼѣտϸȺ֡Ȼ˵ڽݼҸΣ֮ӦݷϢǣʱ˰еңҲûܼ֮ӶΪݼӮʱͻᡣ
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ͱ˵棬ԼĿ¶׹ľŸ׼ǿߣǵûκη壬ƺʢģ档
ɱңúúã㵨ӱˣʮǰһνѵ
һӣŸ׼ǿ߾˲ɢΧ롣
СЩͷˡ
ȻĪԽԽߣѾ˲ˡǣֹĶǵȴ
󻹿ģҸʱ䣡

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СãŰЦݼҲһֱβ𣿺ò㳲ðһΣø³Ÿʲô
ϻ࣡С겻ͷˣֻСһӣ顭һı죬ڣʮ׼ǿߣͳͳķѣ

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Լ˱һնɱô࣬ôܷߡ
ǣ涼˼Ҹʬˣô죿
ڼ˺Ǿʱ򣬾ͿС֡
̿ͷ󣡡˼ţϽһ鼫ƷʯŽ֮С
һΣ͵Ҫ˷Ѻüʱ䡣ʣ⼸׼ǿߣΪؾʸŬܶԸһΣ˷ʱ䣿
Сߺǲ֪桢׾ʯ塭бСɱǿߣڽȫ˲ȻԵ״̬ǸңʱԼûϹܡ

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ǰҪȥƷɽǱˡԴĵ˵
һˣݼҵսԴصҲϡǴ۵ĻɽͷС갵Ե˵ͷ
ȻݼҵŴսԴ֮أտϵ֮֡ǣҲǼΡѽû֣˾żǿ֣߳Ҳȡı
һݼսԴȻһῴ۵Ļɽͷĵ£ǾĴʮǧƼ궼˾ȫϵȷʵͦߡ
Сһţһ߻߹ȥ㿪һزءһ˳ǰѾʮˣԼʯ
֪Ѿ˶ֻ֮ϣȥ󣬿һһ죡
Сɾ磬ֻҪ㹻ͿԳͨ裬һ·ȥ
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Ҷ΢΢˵ͷС˳λ֮С
Сǰ˴زرҲ֮˳λ֮С˰ڼƷıȫ˵Ȼſռλ֮ת


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ΪŶǿġʵϣǿԴţ䡣ֻЩԼţӽĴڣܸõ
ţͬʱҲӵ㹻ĽԵʣһδαܿķգö˶˵Ļڡ

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ȷԶˡҶɵĿ⣬뿪ķ򣬿ȥ
һ˰ȿЦ
ҲȱЦҶҡҡͷ˵ֻԶһЩûȫһҪһʱ䡣ǻøһ
˵λҶɵ۾ֻ
һʱ䡭ħʲôð취һαĿ޵ˣȵġһ,
İ֣ȻСꡣǡСҲæһʱҲܳ֡
ֻǰħ˵ƾסĹ
ǰֻǷ֮ſ˳֣˿϶ҪȥʱˣֻΪ˿һٴϮɱǽ˶޷ֵ
Ҳûðħһչؾ޵ֻʱֻزû̳Ҷûͻƣ̫ࡣټϣһýü
ֻؾȻһڻؾħ󣬸ǰħȣӭսõˣ̬ȴһ
СǰܣֻǰҲ͵ˡεҡҡͷ
˾ҪǱ޿ɱܣܹʢĶ־ǣмʵĺܣͻûʲô־ڵֻأˡڼеȣܵĸȾһ۾Ϳֻص뷨
СѾͷҲҪҡֻعЦڴˣ˼ΪʲôҪðգ͵ڵģһɱˣСȥӦ
һֻؾҲ
ֻزϳȺħҲ޷رǣһλӲҶɵĶ䡣ȻҶɶ˵ǾĬֻص˵ˡ
ˣСһЩɡħεҡҡͷѪɫ˳
Ҳͬҡҡͷֻҡһ䣬һͨ΢Ѫɫ֮̾˼һࡣ
޿κΣǿֶʱһӳλд˳
Ҫæ
Ⱥħ΢΢һ㶣ܲĹЦ
죬˰Сܰʲôæ
еģҶȴ΢΢һ˳
ȻҶû˵ǣͻȻӳλ˳ȺħҲҶɵ˼
ˮ׼ܰʲôæħһ䣬ϥѪɫ֮ԣ΢΢۾
εȲû˵ֻǾ´һ죬ûж˵ʲô(δϲⲿƷӭ.ͶƼƱƱ֧֣Ķ592.Ǳ£
֪ȺħܱԼ
ʵҲܱԼ
ڳɹͻһƿ֮챾ΪԼһƽ߸ͽˡû룬ֻ׵ˮ׼һƿȵĻ˵ֱǰϹôõ
ǣԱ֮࣬ȴҲûȫʧȥġ
ģҶɡüΣʱҶȴ˵ӦӵвǱȺħΪԼ粽ʱҲһõҶɵͦ
Լؿڣü͵˵ˣģһŬ

Ⱥħ֪ʱ˿̣ҶɵĵڶԪ񣬾ڡҶֻǾãӦӵвǱǱڣֻᷢչʲôģҶɲʮ
һηҶҲǳԲ׼ϾҪԵǾż۷ڣǿԼľ磬͸򣬽ȺħõĴڡҶҲ֪ս֮Уֻˮ׼죬ܹʲôá
ڶԪ񣬶ڣٿԱסҶٶҲӼᶨľġ
죬еӾͷ
ССһڡȻӿŨŨɱ

Խķŭˡ
˱أȷֻΪ롣˼һ½ֶΡڵͺһڰɱ֡ҪѡǡֶΣǡʱһУܹƮȻȥ
ǣûĥסķͱŭˡ
ȻųһϲĵļһȻҶɱ⣡
첻ţǰǿߣҲ͡ߡҪ֪Խ֮ǺѡǺǾţҲֻȴڶѡܹһִڣѾѵˡҪڱĳһ;ãԼʲôʲôۡȫҪ߸ˡ
ɱȰɵ
ʶ죬ڰ಻ס˵һͻϮ

ż۷ͻϮͲȡħץס˵óǿߵֶΡ
׵ģһɹĪĺ磬ڼķΧ֮ͻȻ֡
ˣȺħͬʱһһͳ˷˳ȥ
Ⱥħû˵ȷˡǣȺħȴ֪Ŀ굽˭
죬Сģ
ҶɵڶԪĵȣһƬӨѩס̹ǵı̣ģ켲̹
ܣҶɵĵڶԪҲû,
ǻɱɼǿߵֶΣ鷳ˡ
ҶɵĵڶԪֻչϣܹסһ֧ŵܱ֡ܲסҶҲȷ
Ҳã϶ҪˡԼֶΣԸɾǿߵġɵۣԼ᲻óҲɾǿߣҲԱܿһ
Ҷɶã׶༪ٵʱ򣬱پϵĳˡ
ɢ
ʱ䣬ž
ûк磬ûб̣ûһ˿һɱͺʹûûг֡
⣬ⲻһУȻԶȥ죬ɲ֮䣬˹
֮ǰҶҲѾС
죬ôģ΢΢һ£Ҷɰס棬ɵڶԪ񣬷ʡ
ңҲ֪쾪ȵĿԼ˫ֱ֣̫˼ˡ
ǲԼǷ˵Ŀռλ֮
Լܹ˵Ŀռλ֮͹ˡǣԼƺܹռλ֮õ¯ࡣͺⲻ˵ԼԼص
ħǱȻֵļžһ£Ҳ˹
ǰɣСӱǸ˵
ͨħ֮ȭħܹһֿռλ֮ܽԼħȭС
ͨѪܹڼ֮УԼõǧ򱶵ڣʩչһЩĻУż۷ڵĹɻ⡣
ǣһȣ˵Ľˮ׼ʵ̫СˡղһУѾԽ֮
֮ľ磬ħġ˶ɽٵǶʱҲҪһЩ򡣵ǣƾŬҲӵеУ־⾳
죬һֱܷϲģͻƵļһȻܹԶԶˣʩչУ
ȺħĿ⾪ģ´죬ڿĿ⣬ͺڿһİĴڡ(δϲⲿƷӭ.ͶƼƱƱ֧֣Ķ593.Ǳ
ӭ-&lt;&gt;-.
СҲ
Ȼ˵ŲҶɣҪץʱ䣬ȡʯеֻ֮ʵϣһֱ
˲֪лʰϣСȴ֪ҶɵıʱʱĻ˵ʲôĿʵϣлʰʱսƣֻܱ
лʰĵطڡһ
ŲͬҪлʰ壬ֻܳԼһȻһɲǣ̿ʼû֡һǰѺбԴǰҲ
ԭԣȻСƼȺħȥˣȻԼҲץʱ䣬ȡʯдĺֻ֮ǣȴʼչע
һγ֣ҲȻ뵽
˼Сӳλ˳飬۹⣬ȻҲ͸иָĶʣ֪һ֡
ȥܹλͬλ棬ͺ˶ȻԼƿ޷ͻƵ¿ʹ˵Ŀռλֱ֮δ
㲻ãɾ֮󣬿Դͬ޵֣ڿԽ죬Խɱˡ
СԽǻղһĻԽǶǱ޿ڲ
ԽߣΪԽԽɱ˾Խǲ׳ҶǰŲعڷ֮ӵĴڣС꾪̾
Ⱥħеﲻζ˹ȥ˿ԾӸ£ôһת۾Ȼƴ䣬˼ҵǱԼҪǿ̫̫
ħʲôû˵Ѫɫ֮УͿʼר
Ⱥݺݵգգ۾ɺѪͳչ˿ҶӵмҪѪѪǷ֮ʹ뼫ȵ硢Ϊ׼֮ڱһ̼Ȼһȣǰ
ȺħŵģС꿩Ц
죬ҲúղָоǸ죬ͽˡ
˵գСֻ򣬾ͽһ˵Ȼм䡭

죬ȴûС۹֪ղһζʲô
ղһŵļλǰҪۺѵҿۣ
鸴ӵģԶԶһⲢһ棬ȴ־ҲɾĴ
϶ǶɾӣԲЧ
Ȼ֪ɾǿߵǣȴ˽ɾ²ϾȻҶתֻصھ͸ĿǳһĲ²⣬;,
ܽ²˵ݼҵ˸ûٻŵĳɾǿæҲûжϾŵˣֻǼĵǱ͵Ϯ˼Ѿɢ
ǿߣֲǿȶԣҶϲΪյĴ
û뿪һҶչȴûа㹦Сɵĸ
һľż۷ӣ϶һοż۷ĴڣƺӵжԿɾǿߵĵԼиˮһɾǿʳѰֶ
СܹܵҶɵ飬Ҳ΢΢˵ͷ˵ˣһһֱڰ屦أҲס
ȷҶѯϵһ£ݼڹûв總֮ȡı̫ˡ
˵ȡ屦أȡǰģݼһսԴҲЩ
ˣŵʲôڣСȻʵ
ɱȥҶɾԽߣӾԽ֮⣬ǺЦȻ֪ʲôڣǵĲƸ϶Ҫ屦Ȳȡ屦أȥţҲ
Ҷ˵⻰ʱպתһҲߵģͱιȥһεҪѹʱ͵ϮƷûнҶı£ּĶԿûгѹֱ˹ȥ
һΣһ
ѹͿСǰڸһ˵ӣȻȥ
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貽Ƶ
594.ֶ
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ŵɽС֮Ҫס񣬾Ҫ׷
ͱСĺֶθ⣬¾Ҫֱӷۣ˵˿ǣǵã˵³̲סȴ˸Ȼ󣬲˵ǰѵҪȥţ
ʱ˿̣ѾӵΪһ
С϶ҪҶɰ׳˿ǣС궢ŵȴһĻҶ˵
ʵϣ֪ܿԼ䷴ʣҲϻ
㻰ֱӴСûĺݺݵһ
ҲɿˣȥѯҲһΪūʲô˵ʲôһȻҷʣС;Լе
Ҷɰ˰֣ǺЦ㰡Ȼ󿪣ɻСƵʲôѾʳˡ
𣿡СҲŴ۾ʵˣŵɽ
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һΣƺ;ԴȻһĨٴ˹ȥ
һ̫˿ٴʵҶɺҡҡͷǸǾĴţ˵ɽǾǾⲻǷڹĵط𣿿ο˳˷顱
ãҲͳҶɵ֮Ȼ֪ǴǰƵĻҿռ϶һƬƲУϸ¼Լǰ֮տǣԷԼǰ֮ĹǺܸȤڲ֪ʲôʱܻƬƲ֮ǰֻ˳ŵֻȥ׷ݷʷ
ȥǾСŴҲã˵Ǿ֮Ҳ衱
ȻǱСڹʾǣȴǲ΢΢һ
Ǿ֮ϣȴڣҲҴ֮տɵ׷ʤǵȴڣҲֻڱԵشЩɵǿҪԽǾϣҲ֪ͨʲôʱͽǾͷ󣬲
ܹǾϣ첻
ˣ⼸˵ȷžǰǼɾǿ߰һҲǵĶ
ʵϣܿ϶С겻ڹŻ˱ϾԼڰǱ벻ǣֻҪԼž
ܹȵ׵һ
λѡСģ֮⣬¶Σղĳее
¹Ҳ˲ԼʲôǱŻ˼ѾԺ,
ͻȻ֣ҶɺС겻ȵĻ࿴˿û뵽ֻһ̸Ȼ̬ȴ
СղŷŴ˵ʵҲҪȴû뵽Ȼ
˵һ䡮е͹ˣ
СˣڵĿеҶɶթõζֻҶɶթãֻһݻõߣԱ㳹öСĵˣֻǴĶթѣû뷨
û룬ľٶһǵ˾
壬ŵĿ䳤ƣѴӽ󣬵ѵκβǲŵĿ⾼ĿҶɣ֪Ҷɲ
С걾ǶթģȻÿ䳤Ķ֮죬̾Ϊֹ
˵ֶεȷ˵ãֻɸΪ񲯵ĹжϣҶɹĿ࿴
ҶҲ䳤ϵģȻֻǸССɽɣǣȴ䳤ϡͷεı
ţǺǾļţɵ۶ܳΪŵĿ䳤ϣĺôɲʲô֮Ტ۵ĺŵ˵ҶԸʮݼսԴſ䳤ϵ
֪˼ҲɵҶɲȣƺΪŵĿ䳤ϣ󡭡
ҶɻԥСΨҶհҶɲҲԴȵĴеƣ
ѣûԶĵȻĳȣǣĳǳĳҪѽſ䳤ϵ֮⣬ĳԸóŵİ⳥
˵ŵʱһתûڵ״أ˵ʲô⳥
𣿿϶ˡǿƤȥ
ѽˡһͷһ˹ȥδ)
貽Ƶ
595.£
˭ǿܸɵ۽аĴڣ
ʲôڣǿǺǾӸǾ֮Ĵڣ
ȻмСһΣûǰĽ̸ǣȴ֪ˣˡ
ֱǲܷ飡
ãɵ壬һӾż۷ĴڣҲԼǾĳǿΧҲܸԸͳɺô˺ͽ⡣
ǣⲻܷ飬Ȼȷȷʵʵķˣ
ҶɺСӹŵĿ䳤ʱ;ãԼۣۡױ߸
ǰǰղŷʲô飿СĽģѯʡ
ǵãԼǰһε֮ǰӣڸСۣȥšԼҲСһô䣬ͳŵĿ䳤أ
ʵϣ˵һʱķӦҶɣڽӹǿ䳤ϵʱҲúЩ˼顣
ѣǱֶȣҾڵֶΣǽĵ塣Ҷɷĵĳ޵
ҶѹˡơҲ󷽷˲˹洺ģͺ˶겻֪ѣﻹиղǰģ
׻˵ɷ졣Ҷɿⷬʵνġɷ򡱸˵áҪǸõΪȣνıֻЩСΪŽǴǻۣ
ʵҲúˡһӣ»ûȫʶֵСһݻҲȻѹ
۸Ǿʷһǿ𡣲һ䣿Լǿˣ¶ɾĴڣ
˵䲻ĻҪưǾͶҪˡ
ݡλҲӴɾǿߣּ֪Ĵڣ׷Ѿһˡɾǿߣʲô֮ĵλôںԼø䳤ϡȥΪѣûʲôաȴû룬һԣȻĳɹˡ
ǸݼҵͽҲԻύǺǣû뵽ҶѾݼҳҲ˲õֶΰҶԵ̾ҲߴɫƳҶɵֶΡ
̧ˡȻҶҲ֪˵̫ţǣܹǣҲ͵Цš̸
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һֱΪСԼǰˣǴ屦سġھȻ֪λǰֻҶǿߵʹӡҶǿߣȻѾշݼң,
Ȼǿ󣬿ǣȴʹǰǰϵһʱ䣬顣
ѵǸݼҵǿˣԭѾ
һɱʱӿͷ

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ѣ˲ƸôͼıһССıأУǾϵĴָҶʮơ
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Ҷ˵Ҳ˵ݼҵͽֹһ
첻΢΢ݣҶַӦٶȣҲ̫˵㡣
û˵ͷ̹Ȼ˵ʱУв˳ڼż۷ǿߡĳţҲշ˺üǺǣ⼸ˣҲҶѰɡѰ֮УҶҪ֣ţڴ˵ҶѾԶã
էһǲС顣ʵϸһ룬ݼҶҶɵ֮ԵףҪʲôãԸһأҲԸһǿˣغܡ
źŵȴǲС顣ȻҶѾӵǿʵС꣬ۼţҲҪָɾ硣ǣͷõֵȷࡣ
󷽣֮⣬ԼϳְæҶ֮ģƣһ۾Ϳ˸סЦЦ˵ѣ£ңֻҲȥŵ鷳ɡ
Ƿ˵Ϊ¸ǿСڵ־ٶȴζҶҲø춵Ȧӣֱ˵ľ˳
ȻҶѡһĴָٺЦʵʵ˵ĳΪѰҲΪѰ𣡡
Ѱ𣿡ҶһȻʵѵɵۣ
һεģٿȻݡҶֶһе۷(δϲⲿƷӭ.ͶƼƱƱ֧֣Ķ596.ȭ
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ʵһʼҲûҶɰæϾӴЩɾǿߣһ۾Դϣмڲ
ǣҶһӴ췢֣ȻҶɵľܸߣǣΪȴƽͣûʲôǣŶͷ
ҶѣҸɵ֮䣬ǲݵĴҶѿϳĳԸ⸶κδۡ
ҶɵʵսûмǣҶǼµˮ׼ȴʮ½Կ϶ҶɵĸʹӼԿɱκһż۷Ĵ
֪ʱգС굥־ͿɱԼ϶ͻе£Ҷ˲ҶչֳҲѾǳɹ
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ҶɲŲţֻԼɵۣ°öӦսԼߣǣڸǾǿȴ˽ⲻܱһ£
ĵ˵ͷ˵ɵǱߣӰɵ۰׷㻪ɵ۳ѩɵ۰죬ѣӦöĳߣǼλŵĳǶЩʵҪѷһ
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ܸӰɵ۰׷㻪ΪѣɵۣѩɵۣҲǼ򵥽ɫҪҲɾļ߿ɾͲǡѷһ˾ЩֶΣɾǿߵ֮иˮǣŤת
һ룬ҶЩ׹
ɾǿ߳
ʱ䣬һ֡С˼޴Ρĸо
ҶĿ桱Ե̾ȷˣǰһΣҲڼλɾ̫ϳϳ֣ĳŵֻϧǼλǲȫԸĳǼλ֣ܽɵ۳ɱ
˵ɱֱҧгݵģ޲ðɵ۸̻Ҳ֪׸ɵʲôԹ
ҶҲûȤ֪Щ£Ҳ˵һѾ˶ƣλɾǿˮȻˣͲҶĳæˡ
˵һͨ˽飬ҶɾȻһ壬Ԥ֮⡭,
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ҲüҡҶɰڰ֣˵ʱޣûȤ顱
ȻǲݵĴôͲǡռϷ硱ͿԵҶɿףһΣȫã㳹׽ɵ۸ɱ˼ս㲻öǧ꣬ûи
ҲҶɺҲ²⣬Ǹ񣬲͸˶˲֪꣬ڶûֳܷʤҶɲûйȥɾǿϸĥ
첻֪ǣҶɲɾǿǰ㣬ȻԵʼһδ֪ӰʱѹҶɵͷ֮ȥ
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ȻΪ˶ǰУǰְ֮ſԼڣᱻǸδ֪иǣϾֻԼǿˣȫҶ˵ʱĲƸ
֪ЩΪЩҶɵд
Ҫ֪˼ǿߣͼɾǿߣʱǲֵǮĶ쾳˵㣬ֲ̫ãҪѾ˼ȥڼɾǿߣֱӽǳְæͺ
ԼڣĴԵԼŵҲͺе
ΪҶѸЩɾǿ߲ͬǸˬ֮û뵽ҶҲһЩ˼ĴҲգĳΣҲ׼˲ٻɱɾǿߵֶΣûҶѰæҲһܹɱɵۡ
Ϊ⻰˵þЩ֮⣬ɾǿߣҲû¸ƽƽ
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597.ֻؽ
С˵ʵ顣
භʱҶֻųѹû˼ȥݡܶûֳ
ʵܹͻҶɵļΣڣҶɵлʰѾСɡ㲻չ򣬲ÿռλ֮ƾлʰ壬վҲδҶһë
֪ЩͺǷˣֱСӣʱеҪը˷εĸо
ԭҶĳǰûܸҶѺúд裬ںúֽһɣһӣվ
ҶûĵСһۣɸΪˣû¸ʲôСҲ֪Լ£ֻܲ˼ͷ
ˣҶҲʾǵʾֵǿһЩı£ٻΪɸ꣬Ҳûܡ
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СٺЦ־ڵϻ˸Ȧ
죬㵽ԡ죬ҪбƣҾѰɱɵۣ
˵ģһҲ׷ʡ׾̤˽֮С
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ħٵֻأСľ磬ֻȦԳһС硣
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Ȧڵ磬һֻ硣ҪƣֻпһУֻأ
˾ǿߡӵǣǲû͸ֻء
ɾǿҲһ㣬Ψдﵽֻ֮أ
νʵǳԽֻص˼ǿߡɡɡɡҲ
ǿߣֶֻܽΣֻء磬Ǳƣ磬Ҷлʰ塭
ˣһʱģˡС겻ΪĿЦţʵˣҶûл㣬ôǵڶƬƲʵģ
ɽ֮ҶɵһʱȥǴƲʵĻҿռ䡣ɾǿߣɾšȥЩţţȫûô
ǣҶεÿռλ֮û취ڶƬƲʣ˵ЩƲˡֻܴСѧһЩСƵɾţСҲ֪
ҲҶҡҡͷ˵ɳʱڤڤ֮СҾ;ԼҪٽȥһˡҸһȥڶƬƲʾԶڽҵʶ
϶ǰ֮ƣȻԼǰ֮ǣʼǰ滮õ·֮ϣҶôô,
֡ɡĸоҶɵȻС˵ֻջлʰ巨ĹŹ־ûٶ˵ʲô
˵ǰ֮ǿ󰡡СȻǴ󿪣ǣЩϵı仯ȴˣЦ˵ЩƲʣҲȥˡȵԵˣȻܻá
˶٣С˵лʰ壬˾Զֻˡֻлʰ岻˵㡣
ͼλ棬Ҷɳ۳ҵĵطҶɵĳǱʣֻȥ߼λ棬ӳ
ǣҪȥ߼λ棬ͱӵԱڵͼλУû㹻Դ
ԭС˵֮һǿĺţͿȥ߼λˡû룬ûС괫ҶַţҶɵǰ֮Ѿİš
лʰСʰԡ֣ţҲȷǼȸְ߰Եһ֮󣬱˵Ǻˣմ߶ķţҲͳͳ
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ǣ̫ǿһҶɻԵһΡһٳٲ֣ǿķţҲԶ޷
СڵԴ⣬ҪԴը
ˣ˵ǰ֮ˣ϶һˣǳȥתתô˵ǾУҲвٱ
ź֮ǰѾȾǾźϵıءʵϣݼҵһսԴǵǾ֮С
ݼһǾźǵھźСִÿԴǾУȡջ񣬲Զ
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ЩľٶҶɾ۵סŵҲƿǵֻؽƣˣҲûŵж
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СƳǼɫĻȻ󣬿Ц޷ԽֶǲñҲб֡
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С걾һֲıֻҪʱڱĵطı壬ҲǷĴˡ
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Сȴɥʧ˹ȥļ䡣Ҷɵ˼ֻӦһҲûȥ
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⼸ǿߣС˹أĴеλӣҪԼҵطҪ˹أ
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˵С겻֪ʲôأ֪ˣҲء
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Сò˸żⱲиˡyin.͵ЦţͶ˼
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һ֮Ҳã϶˼ҶɰԵ˵ͷҲ⼸һƽϣʾС껻طѰ
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ûϵֻһϣǵȥģǻźǣ֮־ҶԼҲûϵϷԱ仯

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ʶҶɾȵʵǱеڣ
ҶɵһӦǱӹ֮Уһ
ͼĵҲǾҪСܹŪҲ൱ǺüǧڼƷջ
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ҶɵüͷҲ΢΢
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ҶɰĥʱСȻּŨҵаζ
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һּѰıʾ
ͨ˵а񡱣»֡ɱ¾֮ĳϹǣ˵ЩѰ飬áа
˵Сľ˵а񡱣ζʲô
ƵζаζҶüͷ૵ֺܲõĸо
СҲоܲȴ糣
ˣʲôõĵģ˵ľ磬Сĸһħ֣ͳͳܸ㶨
С˵ţһֻ̣֮ĸһݹСЦ˵٣ǱûΣգǹȥ
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Ҳӱ޴еҶģСһ𣬷ɽǴ֮
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ҶɺСĵҲλߺǾرǣῴҶֻһΪʮֺ
Сһ𣿾лϵ壬Ҳܳ桱
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ƨߺݺݵһڣֲǼСôͼııҪϵˣԼСһġ
Ҷ̸ʱСչʶӹЩζһֱΧͷǣЩζԴȴС޴׷Ѱ
ˣƵЩǣҲζĸԴȻڴˣСҲûﴫֽɫҲǿӵģοΪһ
СûһֱڰСʶӹȣĶù۾ʱȻСˡɫʱʮֹŹʱ䣬֪Լش
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˵Ķ˵ˣôԼ顣ҶɵĿ͸Ǳڵĺˮֱ̺ӵס
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һ·Ҳйעӵ׸ĽơȻԼڵû취ƳЩơǣܹ黹ǿסһĽơ⾳ȻԶԶķ롣治֪·ŵģһĴڡ
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ӦҶɻ˵ͷŴӡŴսǰ֮㵽˽찡,
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ǾǱӹ֮ףʲôĴˣ
ʶһƬӹȡ
һ̶ĹЦӺӵ״ʶȻһ˾ССϣҲҿӣȥɣ

ҵĴһ˫ֱԴӸ߿֮ϣֱ
ҪԹ۸߼Ķû뵽սûпʼѾø³
ҶɺС˵ûȤˣģҲûĹЦУ˵ʶҲܵ˿籩ĴݲУ
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СԺһЩֻܸǿǣһصӣƺҲûкõȥ
˶ûг֣˾ȻѾ˱һսʲô
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Ѱߵħֻ翵Ĵڡߵľ硢ΪߣħҲ翣ʵת
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Ҷɽüͷ˵϶ʲô취λӡ˴ڡҲûԣ
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ЩǿߣһűƸ֮һһ֮ȥجΣԶ̻ͷǵľ硢ΪҲӴ޴Զֹǰ
ʱ˿̣Ҷﻹ۲ǿߵϵķ˲֮УҲһЩǿߴš˹ءʲôġǣȫû˼ȥЩֻѰӡ֮ء,
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뿪źǣ˼ǿסˣãʼ磬ݺݵһĭ񾭲

ûҶڣͺǸ񾭲˹صģδ֮ϣ޼ɵĲ˲ơ
տʼ·϶ֻЩ߰˼ĴڡҶ˲ٶȣٿҶǸż߽ŮɣҶ˵ʲôȵ𽥵˾żǿߵĵ̣˳ˡ
ѣϹءıѵң

ֵ·ļһҶɺžһߡŲ֪ٿռλ֮һţ⼱Ҵ֮£ҶҲÿһţʱͰǸżǿߣߵķѣҲ̶á
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˼ǣֹһңҶԽľˡ
ֹһ꣬ǲζţкüԼתҲ̫ٵ˰ɡ
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СĽͣҶ׹飬Լǰ֮ҪֻأҪ֤ԼˣǾǱ̭ƷȻк˲ϡ
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СӾǻ࣡ºûţһƣ㲻Ƿ˸ʲôռ䴩Խ𣿸ϽóԣֻҪܹƣͻٶһʱ䣡
ʦֻǸƷûоϸġţţӴռһܳģĶҪʦһԣ
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Ҳ֪˭ͷûãΪϵ͵ˣ׷գֱˡǾŴѹѾӵĺˮͳͳͣȥ־ֻһ֡

ҶȴӣòԵսҲһĻᡣ
ŸǼԪħֻ˰֮һҲ൱ڼöƷʯ
Լǰ֮ŵʮȫԼתһǸ๦Ļҿռ䣬Ÿ޴ĴڡҶɣԼܹŸͳͳǲǾͿƾŸһȥϵĲ֮
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СĪҲûжʲôͰҶɵķԸڵϻ˸ԲȦ
졣Ҷɳ˵ֻأһ̤ȥͻֻתΣһֻһÿת֮󡣶ǼյǼһ˿أҾͷ㽫޳ͷ֮ա
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һ棬ԼԼѧʶƣԼץס˼ص졭ƺڤڤ֮УԼߵ·Լǰ֮ѾԤϵ
Ŀ죬ֻ̤صԲȦ֮УҶɲɵ޸пֻɲ㷢黳ΪһԪħѾƷ
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ࡣСҲʶȥֻƾожϣˣ㿴ҾҲܵ˷ϵʯһЩȥԡܲʯͷ
ҪðգҶ̺ܿ죬ħҲҪˡȥ̫󡣡
һǰȫʢڵ죬ҲϰĴڡֻһ죬ǣԪ֮Ĳ𣬱ǿԪɼǿ֮ĲҪ޴
ѣԽǾԽǼѡ
׿ҶĴڲֻۡɵۣڳɾ˾ż۷֮ǧʱ䣬ҵ˽֮ķ
죬ȻǺǾĴɡСҲżĴڡǡʱ䣬Ҳûܿӵйϡ
ߡ֮·ͻɰǧĸӼѡСĻ˵ͬһÿһѶȾ൱Ǵ˾ż뵽һ졣Խ磬ѶȸԼ㡣,
СļԼѾꡣǰԼոձʱѾ졣ԼȴоǼԪκ⾳
⻹ǣԼ˸ˣȻԼҲˣ˵ĴڣǰһԼѧˣľ磬׼ȷжϳԪǿΪõĻټʱ䣬ԼûܿӵԪ⾳ɼԽ磬Ǻεȵļѣ
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ҲǸߵȼǿߵı֮ˣԳײλռ䣬ҲΪҾ˵Ϊʱܡ
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ԳǵȾ޴ĴڣںҾǰҲСĸֻƵáһ߰ôͷȥסһ޷壿
ʵϣͷȷǺҾ˸ǵ˲佫ϸ߿գȻ󣬶ݺݵĳ
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ԳĿ¶׹⣬һռ䡣ҾˣǿԽԳ֪ĸռ䡣ڣéݰͷŰһºҾ˵־ȻֻǣȴûλռѡҶɲ˽ɼǿߵֶΣҲ֪һѧˡ
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֮ǿռλıԴɡܵռλҪǿǧ򱶡ǲͻԣһͻƣζţȡĿռλλֱӽռλý
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ǣҶСֻ֪꣬ʮֻأ΢΢üͷĽȣԼԤϵ̫ࡣ
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㣬㲻ǡ
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ǣϵˣȴòˡ.
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СҶڵսһ˵Ķ֡һΣ֮ԶҳһֻΪԳ˵ΪܹԳߵҶɣǺԳһǿĴڡ
һܺõĻᣬô˻ὫϸɵǸԼĪ
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ħͨ󣬹ȻǲҶһо󷨣һԵظ̾
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Ϊ⼸ɾǿߣҪΪ˻øԴԼƺĿռλ治Ϊ֪Ϣǣֱڣŷ֣ҪĿġȻΪ˸ŪħͨáԼȻԽԽߣǣԼȻԽԽ㲻˵ͼˡ
С֪˵㲻Ҷɵ뷨ʵҶԼҲǺȷУԼЩûôСʯǱޣҲʼ˿ȵо֮Ҷ˫ۼȴһ˿ãȻģޱȵļᶨ

տϵ屦أʵļֵ󳬳ҶǰĲ롣ΪȻóۼƣǣռλУŬҲ¶ٲƸ
ҶɹȥҲ屦мڼƷʯͺܲˡǣڴ˸Ϣ֮ҶʶտǸıءʵɼǿ߶ҪΪ֮ۺıء
Ҷɻȵĵ֪ʵ϶ռλǿĴڡΪտǵıأЩǿ߲ŵԼȥ
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ңЩǿ߶ɾǵһ֪Сɼĸ֣Ҳ͸¶һЩЩСԾ
ζţڵռλ档ȥһ߼λ档ܿܣΪʼͻơԲűⷬģ
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˵ļѾû±͸ˣõȻôƵĴڣտϵıء벻ż۷ĴڣҲֻЩǿǰվ
ҲʲôҿһЩĶͺˡҶЦȻڰѾ̫ǿļһֽҲ鲻ʲôҴһЩţ㸺һǼһҪ顣
⼸ǲ̫˵㣿Щ졣
Ѿ鷳ˣԼ޷󼰵ĵز¡Ϊ֮͵СһôʲôֵԼӵļֵ
ΪūòѯҶ⡣ǣηҶˡȻҶѾȷԸˣȻһʣҲհ졣
ԸһЩ֮Ҷɾͽ뵽ݼҵĸض֮УǱޡ
ҶɲģԼҲģԼһϷδȻ˷ģԼȫǣԼڵľ磬ȻѾһѰ֮ãǼСĴϢϢأô;Բдˡ
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ʱ˿̣û˹տЩϣû˹Ľº졣ǲżϵϼƬҶɣǸոձһŭѹϵˣȫʽĿ͸ռλ棬׷Ѱȥ
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ϵˣǻ˲֪ĴڡȻǺͿȻǿǣȴĲƺһᡪ
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ֱڣϵ˶֪Ҷɵ֡ǣȴͽҶɵӰ

Ƕ궼û飿Լ˵ľΪݵλû˸
ǣҶȴˡĸֱԳһڼƷ飡
ǱֲҶ˵ԵһڼƷı뽫λ͡úԶԶǣɵոսɵǿ˵һڼƷıԽǡһĵͼ׶Σ߼׶Ρǰ׷㻪̵һڼƷıпܱȼϣ
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޵ĳޣ
ϵˣû޹һˡǷ֣ǿߣһòǿףһ棬ƺʲôֲġȱݡǣ޵ĳޣת޵ս
ɱɱɱ
ղֻΧߵɵۣҲԼݻ˸ָʵ塣Ҷɺݺݴ˹
˵ϸ׷㻪ˣǰΪ׷㻪δųĿ־Եʣ˵Զûֳһ̡ٴγҶɾ;ãԼʶȥʲôˡ
ʶһ׷㻪Ӱ򣬱ЦȻġԼǰҶ㹻̶ϵһʶ£ͻ᳹׹֮ˡ
һӰ򡣾ֻʶȥҵʶξҶɰһ
ξȥӰ˵ҶɼܵЩơǣϣ߻֮
ֻҪȥ׹룬ͲܵӰ졣ǣҵļҲܶҵܡ
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ۼţһ֮ţӰ֮£ͿҪҶɸ֡׷㻪ϣ¶һ˿Цݡ
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Ľ֣ϺͰ׷㻪ʶչǺ֪ⲢĽֻ֣õ㽡֮ǰǻҪһѾǣʮϲãȴôƲס
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ڣҶɵľﵽԪ졣õҲѾǿռλ֮ټϼܣʩչ˵Ǳ仯˷ʤ
ϺͰ׷㻪ɶͷԣɵ۵һ˲䣬Ҷһʩչš
ɥ
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ⲢξϺͰ׷㻪ʵĸоֻûҶɣǻܶһ¸ԱġҶԱߵǷǵս˵ս⣬ȻһӾͱһ겻ˣ
Эɵ۵ˣҲûжһζӳ£и뷨иΨһͬĵطڣЩ뷨ЩȫǸġ
δʤ֮ǰǰĿϲܹٵһ˵Ĺ
ʧսֵһС覴ãǿԻٵһ˵ս⡣
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ҶûпչôӮˣֻȻʵ.
ӮˣСûĿֻһۣôҲǸǿߵģֻôսӮˣ
С˵ûֻǳսݣ롰ӮսңԶúܡ
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ӵλռĺôˣ㱾˹ȥȫʧȥʶֻҪԼĿռλ治ٵܹö˶˵չΪԼᶨıߡ
ڣϵֻЩʧأԶûе˴ιȥĵزǵɣʣֻʱܶҶʲôвˣȴҲҶѾȫʤ
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һðգҶɲðֵֵã᲻Լ֮֡ǣȴԼ뷨ᶨļִȥ
۾ƳһȶͨҶһԥ˽ȥ
ʵھͽȥȫѡ
ȻҶСʤһ֡ǣζԸλ֮еһѪɷȴûһͷڣԳڰϵʧһ֡϶ӷ׷ɱȫѡĪԶһεĵطǱĲԸѪɷİ취
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һ޷ѪɷһǻҪȡ屦صɾǿߣǿԳŻҶѡΣء
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ˣҪСôæС֪ԼֹҶɡֻѯʣҪһ㲻˶ԸſɲѪɷҲܳȥԸһɼǿߡ
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С꣬ҪҶȵѡҵĵ㲻öģúġ
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ûпǡҶһ룬ɿռλ֮С˸͸ȥˣҰҪ˼룡
һɹɿռλ֮УżܡӵɾС꣬侲ûκγ嶯
ԼĿռλҶɾСִڣҲ޷ֿܡ
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ڳһŶһüչ
ȶͨҶɣȻûݣȴҲϰµģûʲôա
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취ǰμݵս
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ҪǼħûлǸԼôһУԼʧԣ׸ˡﻹʱᣬȥѰǱ
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ҶԽԽƶţȻԼߵ·޷ǰ֮ơǣһ죬Լ᳹Լеĵ·
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ϸϸ˼Źˣδ飬ءҶһΪ뷨
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Ȼȶԣٻδ֮ҲŹеȱ㡣ǾǣٻʱڵķԼڵıΪ൱ȼԪȴܽñʱԽƿ,
ʵڵҶ˵ҪɱѪɷ򲻵ѵ£ӦáȼԪǣȴƫƫ֮뵽ٻδ֮
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ȷ뷨̫ðˡֵһԣҶɵ˫֮УԾԾԾԵĹâ

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СĽ̽ӡѪɷ˻Ὺ˵ԼûΣΪʽֱ͸ûʲôˡ
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һδ֮չһƬƬ̽һѪͺ˾ŵĺӣϽľҪҪصѪɷ֮ȥ
Ҷɵı壬ѭŷĪĻԭǲ׷ɱġǣܵҶɲݵһδ֮ȴηģ׹һѪѪɷ壡(δϲⲿƷӭ.ͶƼƱƱ֧֣Ķ622.Ѫɷ£
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ѪɷӦҲܿ죬ʱ䣬ؽڹǣȻѪҪҶɵЩδ֮ͳͳɱԼѪɷ֮С
Ҷδ֮ȥģǣҲҪһ棬ҪѪɷ֮Щδ֮ɱøɸɾ׵ףԼҲûδĺۼһ棬Ҫδ֮شѪɷԼʵ廯ħȫĨɱ
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δ֮չܣѪɷͻɱ͸һδ֮Ҷɻһξ˵Ѫ֮١
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ˣԼʵ廯ħ侳൱Ԫ죬Ȼɲˡ֪ʲôʱС뿪ʯڲԶĿг֡
ˣҶɲüͷ壬˵ˣҪ𣿣
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һΡСӵֻ֮˲һʱ䣡ȵС󵨼ƻʱ䣬Ҫݵö࣡
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СĽͣҶԷЩ
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СȻҶɵļǣһֱעҶɵľٶȵ쵽Ҷɵ뷨ֱҶ͵Ľδ֮Ͷ뵽Ѫɷ֮к󣬷Ҷɵ뷨,
ҲΪʲôСķֻ֮⻯ѼԵʡ
СȻЦݣǣ˫֮Уȴ޷εĵǡ
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ҶҲǲһŸðաָֻоģʱӦôˡ
С˵а취ҶɺǳԾ
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ҲֻǡѣС겢ȷѪɷɱ˵δ֮󣬻᲻׷ɱٴת꣬ҲͳͳɱСŵʱʵѾа¾ģҪѪɷһˡ
Ҷɲ֪Сʵ뷨⻯С꣬ڵҶܹ͸
Ҳһ취ҶЦЦһһԡһһ̫̫޷µ鰡
Լûټһ棬Լ֪ǵ׹úòãԼôܷһУٴתֻأȻСʵ뷨ҶҲһڷС顣
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ԼħǾ͸ӿֲˡ
Ҫ֪ǲླĴڣҲħ֮֮ĴڣҲȫħҲԼħҲôκμǿߣѰԴˡԸҸضԼħͺˡ
ססСƵõ¡ҶЩˣɵþ޺һûҵ˼ǣѾҺ޹
żһ޺СһЩȻѾ⻯ɱϾҶʮһٵĻܵһЩš
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Сã˵Ļֱ췽ҹ̷˵˫۲峺ʡСҪΪѾΪżˡ
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ȻǣҶȴĿ棬ǰʵ
Ҷڵľ磬ʵ廯ħǰҶɱΪѪɷĳ֣ΪԼɼħʩչʲôɼܡڣԽԽǿʬɽѪԼġ桱ӵеǱܹԽԪ죬пܳ,
ΪѪɷûгɳԣǰҶɲûʶһ㡣ڣҶڿһʱȻ
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ֻһħȻ֮ڼĵȷȷԼġ桱йءǣħ֮ȴԼҪǸɼħ
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ѪɷǿǾǿȻǳ飬ǣڵǣ۳ָǣȴѾչֳ˸Ҷɱ徳粻ƥǱ
Сֻǿδ֮ѾԶԶԽڵˣֻ˱档С겢ûпδ֮֮Դʵ⾳ѾԽԪ죬ڣܿѾԽ죿
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һʱ䣬ҶɷſһԼĪʮ˵Ķ飬λŮĿӵķ򡣻
ҶɶŮԽĺˡܲܣλŮʶԱԼߴԪǿ߸
ʶǿԭǾӵʲôطˡصؾռطǱҪֶΣҲѰľѷš
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һӻǿߡŮĿ⣬Ҳͬǳ..
ôһ㲻ܿˣ˵ɨӭˣ

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һȺ͵ǿ!!Ҷü
·Ѿĵطս͵ǿߣӵԹľ޴ơտ߿ֻлǴ͵ǿߣǣлѹȴҪǱκһ˶Ҫöࡣ
Ϊ׵磬տλƸǿơ
࣬Ҫǰ벽˰ɣҶɰԲ²⡣
ܶʶƾ۾ȥжϵò̫׼ȷǣ˿֮󣬹Լûв´,
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ΣʮɼǿߣѾؾûԷƣѸٽΣ˵˳ǸУܶɹ˽٣
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ЩҲͬݼǿ߰ɡû뵽һģǿᵽԸɵǵȴᲢۣ
ԶݼǿߣٿտλҶɲ΢΢ҡҡͷ
˵һտϣŹԸɵһϸµǿߣ˿϶ǷӡǣҶ޿ɱ粵ʵ
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ҲãԼһǺڽؾ֮ǰԼľ硢ΪԶڣԼѾѹһˡˣȻĻסһӡǣܿЦ
ôֻŻھƿʱ䣬ʮ죬ʮɼǿѵ֮ͨܣԴԽƽ
˵ţδһӡһȺݼǿߣһӿ˽Ųٳ߱߹
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Ĺͷƭ㡣Цҡҡͷҿ԰⴫Ϣķ㣬֪Է顣
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νӵʶ̽ȥԽɫԽѿ
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ǣ̤ͨһ̣;ãͨԼĸȶʮɼǿߺͻȻףԵɡ
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ʲôӵĵطݼЩ͵ǿ߶ȥէɼǿ߾Ϳ
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ֻܣֵܹطʩչҲǳ˵ˡҶԼļܣۿۣҲῴε˴üͷ
ĬĬעһھ֮ϵľ޴κֻһۡɲ̸֮˴ĳĬ

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Ҷ˿տݼҵĸλǿߣҲԡ
һĻ꣬ƬǺ֮Ʈ˳Ҷɲ֪˵ĹȥҲûʲôǣտݼʮǿһ֮¡ɵɫ󺧣˺üȻ࿴˿еҪֵ˼
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ڣҶҲѾˣǹ˵ȷûн֮Ϊʲôϲ
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ЩĻ꣬Ȼȫǻ۹˵ķֻ꣡
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յǣÿһֻ꣬ͻһʧصķաֻ귴飬ʷУҲʱз,
ҲҪֻꡣʹ̶ȣԼʧصΣգԶֱӷ꣬÷ֻڡȻˣҶֱڣҲֻӵһѡ۹ˡ
ҶһɨӹȥƬǺ֮ðͷķֻ꣬Ѿﵽһ١
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֮⣬ղܣЩĻһ¡ǣЩĻ꣬һһ죿Ҷɷǳɡ
Ҫͻһ죬ͱȽԼӵепռλ棬ȫʵָ׶
գС˵ɣôҲӵռλ档Ҫ뽫ЩռλȫҪôӴ
˵ҶɲλУӵ㹻Դϣ֪˲ٹλġءŲء֮ҶѾȷţԼڵռλ棬ԭǸȼߵĿռλ档
ڣ۹ӵ㹻ԴܹһͳͳҪ֪ҶԼѾӵ㹻Դ緽棬ֱԪ죬ûκϰǣɲܶʱڣǵȾ硣
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νһˮһˣؾɳǿߣܹȥʲô͵ģҲѾת͵Ĵڡ
ȻؼΡܵס۹ˣ˵ݼǿûʱ䱼ѾЮ쫷տǿߣҲӶˡ

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ȴͬǳ׵׵ǿߣǰûнؾʱѾ·
εĵҲһǿߴһ
Ѫ󲿷ֶǱѪ
֮֮Ѫŵģ󲿷ֶǱѪεҲӵǿᡢԵ,
ˣҲֻ֣˴ѪǿߣȫֹеϹӢꡣֻЩ֮ΪϹӢá

ǵ޴ĻɫӰ¶ݡ
һƽһףҶԽԽǾãԼӰ̫ࡣ
Ĳ𣬾˿϶ϵʿ
Ϊ⣬Ҷɲʶȥ̽ӡûƶϳֻӾͳĺһ
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ڣֻ˿ǿ⳯ǻ۹ȥԣ쫷ֻǽŹ˵ı߶ȥû˵κһֻꡣ
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棬ҶɲȥΪؾĻأҶڵ׼ȷƶϡ
ǣ緽棬ҶɺôӵԪľ磬ǿɿ
ֻǿϹӢǿҶȴˣƽһκ֮УȴǰԪһĵ磡
ܹṩ㹻ֻһϹӢ꣬Ϳ۹ˣ˵һϹӢڡֻϧôϾֻǾż۷壬ֶ֪ܹá
ǾȻ˵ڵصͷ壬ҶɰԷһ󳤳̾Ϣ(δ636.Ϊ̡
ٻϹӢսеħͨ󡣶ͨ׼óԽǿ
ڣħͨõļƷԽãԽǿ󷨲ΪƷãȥɰ֮ˡ
һһϹӢͲһˣǷǵ˼ٻߵڣΪ׷ǰȥ͸֧ٻߵ
ٻϹӢ֮ǰξѾԤϵһ㡣ԼΪݼǿߣһϣ
˵ΪȫشҶɣѾͣ˵øԶȴûͣܣǸʹ쫷򣬽һǿߣԶЮȥ
ǲ֪ɽۻҲ̵ʲôôǣףԼݼǿȥȫġεĵطοʱΪġŭвһĿԶûˡ
Ҫûε֧֣ǾûϹӢ磬Ҳû۹࿹ʱһɽۻ϶꼰ˣ
ҶɣûֶûεֶΡֻܴźԼԶȴ
ҶɣȴѾ΢΢۾
˵ҲࡣǾܸߣ̫
ϵӣԪһľ硣ǣֻһûǵĲл꣬ȫεıѪΪʩչֶκܸҲ㲻һ쫷硣
ĸ߾粢á٣һ쫷硣û۹ȴڣòСܣҶɿýζ
ɴ˿ɼӣǰҲƫ͵Ĵڡԡѹ޴ؾ֮У÷ϵطεõüֱԴݻɶĴڣ
ǹзֻ굱üҪӸشܹʱȥ㲻ãܹϹˣͬھ
ҶɲĹ˵״һ߹Ħšһ߰˼Ҽ֡
ҵļ֮Ҳûм֮꣬Ҳǿż֮ŴһδΣաڣҾˣ֮ȴûͬϡ
ָռλ֮ķԡõʹ֮أǿռλ֮У
ܣû֧֮šȻϹӢԽεõ˿šҵľߣҲӦÿԽԼõԶ䱾״

һһεҶɵĵ׻ۡ
ս̵õȴӡģҶɾã˷ǿѹƺǰǰֲˡԼҲԽΪٲά衣,
͵ߵȼսĺô͵һߵȼսĺôȴˣ
ܿ죬ӿ籩ʽĹȥ
γŲסˣٶıѪҲܳʱ֧סĿꡣ
Ҳ龫ˡ
͵Ϯ޹ܼ֮ķһֹеϹӢ֧꣬ս
ȷ
ǻ۹ȻƴֵǣֻѾһ룬ı壬ҲΪܲʱ쫷ıԵɨ˼Σ˲СĴˡôʶصǿߣѾҵˡ
ǣΣλȳŲסˡ۹֮Ĳ̫ܹһϹӢ꣬ʱ۹˸ѹסҲѾ԰ˡ
һöѪɫ񣬴Ǿͷлλεķ˳
һֵĿ䣬ηǵѪһգǽԼ֮Ҳȥ߰˳ɡڵؾ֮У֧УѾʮˣ˵ǼٷݣԱ˵С
ȿȿ~~~˺üɫĳ˵Σܺãݼ£ȫûˣҪݼӵܣ˼伫̣һɢ
и˵컯ҲмѪɫ֮У˼ĻӦݼϹڤѪزأȴܹҫ棬˸Ҳǻã
л
ս֮еĻ۹ˣԶ͵սҶɣȫ΢΢һ˼
Ȼк֣۹˵˵ͷܺãĺ֡죬ˡǸӴߵݼǿߣҲȫˣ
ķֻ꣬ȫ£һ
ҪһԶһ֮ʱûܱܿѾ޷ֵˡ
Ҷ΢΢̾ϢţΣΪݼҵδǾϹᣬѡֻϧһУջûܲ
۹Ҳһ뷨ֻҪεһսҲ͸ǹ׶ˡԼҪץʱ䣬ȥ׷նݳ
ǣڹ˵ķֻոǵĻ̹֮ʱޱͻ𣡣(վ..֧֣Ķ637.ϹӢ꣡
۹֮أȻͻȻһöѪɫ񣡣
ûȹ˷Ӧ
䣡
أ
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ȻԶ˺üǣҶɵʶһֱΧǻ
ǻ۹ˣҲ϶עǿߵƤ£͵ɵߣȻԱ
ܿ죬ҶɾƼһɫİӰ
ԭһϹӢ꣡
εıѪĵȷȷ͸Ƿϵӡǣ֮ȴ͸һϹӢ꣡
ǿߵע£Ȼջɳ²֣һ֣Ҷɺ͹ˣĪ
˵ĲڣҶھ֮࣬Ժú˼һ¸ԭ򡣶˳˾ȵֻǱʣֻ꣬Լ
ռͻԱҲѶ㿪˵ؾҲܹͿշɷɡ
ǽһۡ
ÿһֻ꣬ķѪʱ䡣ѹû뵽һΡȻܽԼķֻĴ
Ҫپżн׵ķֻ֪꣬Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ĶԴҪǣԼҪڽƿ֮ǰؾеĸѾ˲ܡ
쵰һֻ꣬Ա֮а䡣˷ŭ쳣ܺãΡܺã㲻ҪΪͿݼʱ䡣ϹӢ꣬һԺɨݼң
ʮֻꡣצĳǵɫİӰ۶ȥҪϹӢֳˣ׳
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ȻѾˣɫϹӢѾû˲ݡǣƾűܣ֪ƴܡ
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۹˵ɫ΢ÿһЩʧôֻܹ꣬ϹӢ̫꣬
ҪϹӢ꣬һʶͺˡţ峯ǸģϹӢȥ

ҶɺЩᡣ
ȷ㽹ϹӢꡣܹʵԼҲϹӢ꣬ȥħʵԼūȽħǰֹ۵ˡ
ǣҶҲֻ룬ûΪԼԵ֡
һֹطսԼԶЩǿߡ
ԼѾ˵˾νʮĵط˼Ҳûٶȥ,
ͬˣõɫӰŲ·ģԼ߱ܣ
ŵǳ֣ǼԹۣ
ᣬֻ˲ɲǣҶɾͳˡΪǵӰһȻһͷײһ˷ֻĻУ
˵ķֻ꣬ɲϹӢǰûӣǵ̸ߵͣȫɻ۹˾һӰǵֻ̾˫һץȻ˺ѿȥ
ѻ꣡
Ҷɼģģȴû˭˱Ľ˺ѳ룬ǿۡ
Ҫ֪ȱѪΪǿǷӣһ£Ҳܱ겻ֱӽ˺ѿɲһ顣
οԪɼ꣡
ȻֻһƲлˣɰ˵Ҳǿɹֻۡ걩һ˺ѣҶѸ˾
϶Ǹղһ͵Ϯлˣ
ԶҲûϵԼķֻȻܳһϹӢꡣŬ׷һϹӢ꣬ȴĿ⣬Ͷ˹
ãһ˲ɵ־ŭ
ӣң
ֻһգۣղǸ˺ϹӢķֻ꣬Լл꣬ȻʧӰ١
û⵽ļǵֻҲӦɴţɾǿʲôط
ȻΪˣǣ۹ȥֻͨ꣬Ȼ޶
ʱ䣬˾͵һ
ɼǿߣ
ȻǰĶԻ˲ûǣһжϳɼǿߡʹ²³һЩȥ
˵أΪʲôθڰݼǿиԭѾɹʶҪ֣ЦҵĶǲˣΪַϲģҳɣ
ķֻ꣬ѾŽһƬΧס
Ĺ
ҶɵһοһȺĻ꣬Ҳʩչ˻Ĵ
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ֻ꣬Ѱ꣬Ǹʽı꣡
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ռ䣬ôһʱ䣬ҶͲ֪ܵʲôطȥˣпܱ˵ķֻΧסǣҶȴòܰϵĵ̺ʽ
ҶԤϵ˻ᱻΧ֪ԼܲܿЩ֪˵ıҲսԼĽ֡
ǰ˸ǷϵлսѾչʾ˹˵սҶʣԼֲôʱ䡣
Ƚǣǰ˻ӵٷֻꡣȴֻʣʮ
ǣԼͻϮ֣׽һֻꡭ
ҶԳΣһ㶣Ȼ󣬹ĴЦ
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ŴЦţȻûתƹǼ׷ɱǸϵӢꡣ
С𣿡Ҷһʲô裬Ǿã˼ֱǸ׳գ㱾̹һҪЩ𣬿ڡ
ҶɷĴ󵨵ģʮ˷ֻսš˵ıЩżн׷ֻꡣȴҲ˵Լ֡
ϵۣ滪쳣ǣһƬƬ޲Ļȴ𲻵κá
һƳ˲Ծ
ܹ˳ʱ䣿
Ƕÿռλ֮ҲԴԴϣһӽθߵʮżн࿹ĳ̶ȡ
оϡôϵӢƣʶЩԾĹˣ𽥿һЩߡ
ԴȴܷӳԶԴǺεǿ
˲֪ҶԳǷϵӢľ硣ģǷϵӢؼʵϣҶɻϵӢ̶ֳȡǷϵӢսͲæҶˡ
ǣ˽ĹˡҲǿʼҶɵսˡ
鷳˿ԶǸɫӣپ
ҪôȷŹϹӢ꣬ʰҶ֮ٻعͷ׷
Ҫô÷ֻǸĹΪΧȵԼץסϹӢ꣬ȻٻعͷȥɱҶɡ
ǹõĻˣ˿̡ɱҶɻǻС鷳ūСҲҲܾܶˡ
ǡһٴһɥʧս

ʮֻ꣬޷ɱҶɣǣȴΧҶɡϾҶɶôҲܺɨЩżн׵Ĵڡ
ǣ˲֪Ҷɱʲô
Ҷɳλеǵ˷ֻ꣬ķֵط˵һżн׵ķֻˣǹ˵ı壬ҲᱻҶֱɱ,
ǣҶȴûɱֻꡣһ˫ÿռλ֮⻯۾ڹ۲ֻĸֶ
˰ˣû뵽ķֻ꣬ȻɡҶɰЦţһ˫⻯۾ɿռλ֮ʼˡ
ûж׵磬һ˶档
ֻô𣿿㻹˵ò尡
ԶԾ׷ϹӢĹˣʼעߵڿһ׵֮󣬹ԽľãԼղŵľǶôȷ
ҲȲҷɱѾ־ܡ
ڹ̵ĻŵʱͻȻҶΣȻʹʮֻİΧȦУɵĴ˳
ҡ˰ɡ˾ãԼ϶ǳʲô״ˣȻ˻þ
ڹ˿ҶѾΧ޼ƿʩղҶ֯һ׵ҲܶԼķֻʲôв
ңҶʲôͻȻҲȫԼֻ£ӰΧȦ߳
һӣʶ۾
ҶɼȲ֪ڸʲôҲֻ֪ߣԼܹʩչٶȣֱŶ汼ȥ
ҶѾǷֻΧȦʮɾˣ˲ڻعˡ
ӳȥˣ
족֣Ѿݹ˴ʱ顣ʵ벻ͨҶɵʲôܵİΧȦУӡ
λ֮УΨħһп
ϹӢ꣬ѾħѪɫУҲõһЩϢ뽫ЩϢ֪ˡǣȴΪҶɵֶΣʱԼҪ顣
ˣǳ˻޵ưҶɰȫ˳ħʮָп˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ֻ˵ǹ㹻飬һֻʱ͸ıֻΪģʽҲͲᱻҵɡֻߣıЩɱҲ鷳öࡣһޣҪСİ
ҶһЦţһһ·ʮֲĹ˷ֻ꣬ԶԶ󡭡(δ639.սˣһ
֪Լˣ̫ס
£ٴپ
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ܿ죬˾Ҫȥ׷ɱҶɣ
͸һҲĲҶɵļֵͬģһ˾ãֻҪԼѹ׵Ķܻܽ
ܿ죬Ҷʶ˹˵򡭡
ǰϹӢභʱҲչһֹԼԼģһֽһУȻٻ鼺õı졣
Ҳǿ򣬹˷ܹϹӢķ񹥻£շתŲһֱ;ƿݡڣзֻҲܴ
ҶɱΪǹ˵ˡڳϹӢʱŹɱֶ򡣵ǣҶɷ֣ǱߵϹӢ꣬ɱʱչ򣬾Ȼղȫͬ
չ֮ǼʵĴأͬһ㡣
һÿù״ֲз˾ͺԳһ㣬˫ġȥץһÿ״ֲһһģ߸Ծ
µ򣡡Ҷɲɵ¶ȡ
Ҷɵľ磬ѷ֮ıʲ
ϹӢභʱǼȡǰֱĹҲȡܱ߾źܻ֮û
򣬷ľ˫Եģķ롣ݻɣҪ뼳ȡݻһԲܣ
ӵ迴һţ
ȻǵˣҶҲ԰һ
ȻҲֻѪԼռ򣬵ǣҴûлռ⼸򣡡
ҶƳƳλ֮УڹĦһսħа룺ħֻӵ˶򡣲ַܳħ֮ȭ
һ̣Ҷһչֳŵ㡪ǿǱǿߡҲĽһԼҲͬ˫򡣵ǡҶȴ뵽ħ֮ȭħչķ
ֵͬޣҶɵ׵ĳʶħɵһ㵡
ɾ֮Ƕһֵľޡ
ͬǶһֵĲ
ڣǳɾ֮ɾ֮ɾͼԪ֮ɾͲ֮СĻ˵ľľ̶ȣԼĵǾĹؼ֮ڡ
ǣҶɵһȴȷָԼĲֻһֵԼҪ٣ͬޣ,
˭ܹͬȻԪޡһ֮ôܾ
ħֻūԼ˼룬ԼĿǡҶɵָ㣬ĬȻ

Ҷɽȥ֮󣬾ҲȥħѾûȥ顣
˵ѾչԼĽŵף
ӹ˾ʼ׷ֱڣǰҲֻаʱ䡣ܣѾԽʮռ䣬쵽ҶɵĽ¡Ǻεȵٶȣ쫷Ҳ޷֮ȡ
ûзֻ꣬ҪնɱΣҲͬһֻСϡûн֮ôӵ˺˵ʵ
ŽµŢҶɾ;ãԹֱ֣˵ˣǴﵽһ춥ϣҲһս֮
ȴڣѾΥˡǲֻǾż۷ľ磬ȴѾӵ˳Խɵ۵ȴΥȻɱκһһ죡
ڵһؾôᵮ˴ڣ
Ҷɾ޼֮ԼƿѾԶԶͬǿߣǣһ̣ⲻЩʧ񡭡
Ҳ֮һɲǵʱ䣡
һľȻӽŵ׵ӵҲҶʧʱ֮УЩľѾɳ˰ɵĸ߶ȣ
ЩߴľûȶҶɷֻ֦Ҷһǿľϵ󷨡
գա
֮һɲ֮ǰҶɻܿؾе̫
֮һɲܾ֮Ѿֲָ
ûκ΢ĹߣҲܴ͸֦֯ɵϡ˵ĸ򣬾в°ľϵ󷨣
ҶҲսˣʱ䣬סʧȻһʶ޷͸ĺɫ򣬾ͽҶɸ(վ..֧֣Ķ640.սˣ
޾ڰ
󷨣˼˼ֻ꣬弶ˡ˵ڵ䷨侳粻ܸߡ
ǣҶɶɳɾ֮Ľʱ󷨣ݼ޷һΣ۹ȴڣȻҲȫ޾ڰ
һֿƾܵͣʵ쳣
ÿʩչ󷨵ʱҶɶǸЩŵˡ㲻ΪȥѰҡڱϢ£Ҷɶȥһ˻򡭡

־ŭǵһ顣
ԼѾѶԷģԼȻ޷ж϶Է׼ȷڡѾԤֶΣͳͳûáɲ֮䣬˾ͲɵõһӢ֮صľɥоˡ
˲ûǰҶǰѣѾʶɼǿߣԼȥӴЩɲһ
Ȼ˻Լŵģʵֻһ쾳ǿߣһߴԪǿߡǣҶɺȻʩչǺǵѡˡ䡱
һΡû
ϧˣЩԹֻץסһͿ編ƣǵĶɡڣֻˡ
˰ֻһΧһ߱弫ٳ߱ߣҶɵʶ֮Уһսսɿ˹ȥ
ȥһֱǼưٳҶɣȻЩǭ¿ĸоˡ
Ҷ޵Ǽ֮ڸϵ˽ʱȻԴ·硣ǣȴƾ輫ܣϵ˵жͰӶ䱻ΪϵΪɵ
Թ˵ķֻ꣬Ҳͨץס֮һȻ󷴸ӦԵеĹɣӶʮֻΧ֮£׼ȷҵͻΧĽݾ
ڡЩȴû취ơ
֦ҶǣһֱҶڵҲѽǷֿá
һ˵ı嵽϶ʩչؼʱ򣬾޾ڰ棬ҲԶס˵Ĺ
Ͼ֮졣Զʤڹޣ
νޣǾʿ
˵֮ĹǣӦøͨصĵʵϣȴƫƫһʿ֮տԶԶκιޣ
ǿĹޡܹͬǿߺͷˡرЩһûûרоǿߣͬʱĶӵĻᶼûС
Ǿ֮У޷ǳϡ١ԣҶ뿪֮Ҳû˵ޡǽ˻ū֮ϸĲ鿴õļ䣬˽ⷽ飬֪޵,
һʤޡ֪ȣֻΣҶĬĬţڲǽʱڹ˱֮ǰѸ룡
췽棬ǿֲ棬ȴܹѹΡǿߣСɹ׵һ죬ҲӦ
˵ӳ˷ֻΧȦʱҶ⿴˿Сꡣھһ컹Զأṩֻ򣬰Լءǣһʱģָսʤˡ
Ҳڹؼʱ̣ܾܲǣսͿһˡ򲻵ѣҶҲᶯöӡ
ȵǿԳѪԼսԵõɱ
ֻϧѹ޴ؾսɱΣԼҲָܻ״̬۹ˣǵϰѹ㲻ãѹҲ˵ȳ֣Ҳ޲
ߣֻڴлʰ֮壬Զһˡپ֦ĸɫҶҶɲȭͷ
ʵ޼ƿʩҪлʰ֮忹סĹȻͨĳˮ㹥ǵĹص㣬ҳǵ㡣
ҶȷţֻҪǵͻӵֻҪӵͻ㡣
Щľ˫ݻ飬Ҳ㲻һɣ
һӵ˫ȭֽɳ֮ǰҶɴٺúһ˼·
뵽Ψһ취ǣҲյ˼İ취Ҫһж׵ȷȻȫ
չеСֻ꣬ǽֻһصģݻֻ̡֮
Сֻ֣صֻ̣֮Ѿûʲôôˡǣӧȥǵת
ǵܽһγϾ˵ԶǡǣԼԤףпݳҶֻЩģԤ㹻ʱҪʼΪѵһγ
ʱ򡭡
ˣԣ
һֱĬսħȻս(δϲⲿƷӭͶƼƱƱ֧֣Ķ641.սˣ
ҶɣСֻҲ÷ǳ񣬳ħȥȷģƮʶħʶǻȻҶɿЩʶĿǣȴáЩʶľ֮ٴﵽԪɼ
Գ߼˵ľ磬ڼ̵ʱڣģģĸ֮Ԫܣ
ɲ֮䣬ҶɾͰյʲô
ħŶӦǣͬлꣿǡѾ㣡
ҶɵĿ⣬Ȼ
ɣܹöԷĳЩڣԶĵҶɾǿţȡ˵
ǣⷽҪʱܳҶɹţԼҪɵѪɷѪɷԴҪʮʱ䡣
Լʲô磬ħʲô磿ħܹԼ飬ֻʲôԭ
ͬϹӢ꣬ǱϹӢᣡ
һռλ֮ħΧֻҪħһ˿춯ͻᱻЩռλ֮Ƭ£ħܹʩչһ˴úǱ쫷Ҷɵĳλ֮СҲܷʲôˡ
һɿռλ֮Ѫɫ˳
Ҷɶ־ħľƣȻ߽ױħƴҶڰħɱˡҲŪó
ħûз
ħһƽӣҶɾ֪ħӦûбϹӢᡣ˿ħٿ˿ѪɫҶԶ
ܿ죬һϹӢ꣬Ҳռλ֮ţ˳
лڣȻȥħˡ
Ȼͬ
ҶɣС꣬ڿħĿ⣬ҲЩˡ
νͬꡱ˼Ƹ⻯ࡣֻ⻯⻯ģѳķֻꡣ
ͬ꣬ѡ֮Ҳⱻͬʲôͬǹ˵ķֻһܹ״̬ڡȻܵĲݣҲܹ겻ʱԼж¡
Ҷ֪ͬ꣬ʹΪԼսߡֻħûͬʲôꡣ
ԣһ֣ȻͬһԪɼϹӢ꣡
ȻֻһʶĲл꣬ǣľ绹ôߣӵе⾳Ǹǰ޶¡ħ֮ȻܹͬһԪɼл꣬ǺεȾ˵飡
ҶɶĿħҪһͣһĽ͡
ħʶҶɲûҵħͬԪɼлļ䡣ǣҶҲûҵħĨɱԼμ˿,
ѵʶѾֲʧЧˣ
֮࣬ҶЩ
ʶȻɱϾֻǡȾŽ񼶷ѡħѾԪɼ߼ĶͻҲǲܡ
ҶɵģħԼϾԼūһֱħȡˣҲȥԼֻʶƳʧЧˣԼԺȲǵֱȡ򵽵ĵˡ
Ҷɺܿƽ
ūӦҲҵǰ֮ơôͰҵƿأظǰ֮ƲǷһ顣
ŹԳϵʹɱ֣δ֮ҶɵȷóһЩֶΣǣȴܿ϶ЩֶܷӦеáԼھʧȥūͳ֤ԼѾƫˣǰ֮֮·
Ҷɲûж˵ʲôЩͷʶѸٻͲ֣ܺõĿסԼ
ܲҶɵ˵ͷħһ㣬˵޳ҲȵѪԽͬڴӵʲôӵ򣡡
ҶɺԴǵĳһȻ΢䣬ħԼĳλ档
սҪħֶ642.սˣģ
С겢ãҶɿħԴǣкβסһηĿռ䣬Ҷվһ𣬹ͬңħĳ
ˣūһǱħͺ޷ĴһɵĴ֮УСǸп
һӵȣѪɱ񡣵ʴǿߣʧԡ
ǵɱͣѪҡһ䣬һǿ
ڵĿֻ֮ҶɵļܹܵѪսáȵľԽԽߣԽԽǿһ죬ܹĽսЧκμǿϡ
򵥵ĽδȣǻȺս޵У
ڶӵ죬btǿռ֮ˣǲླΰڣҲΪ֮ߡ
ڣħص㣬ҲԼԿˡ
Խͬ
϶ǼγɵУǿ֮һ
򵥵˵ǿ۹ˣҲֻ׷ɱϹӢꡣȻʱչ
ħһֱ֣ӾͽϹӢԼˡҪ˷ôʱ
ȻҶɺСҲѾħ⡰ԽͬܣʶеģԪɼһʶ֤ܣЩʶӦɿġ
ȻܲҲѾʮֲֿˡħеΣ⾳ѾԼԪһģ
Ҫ֪ȻҶѾӵԪľ磬ʩչķţܴԪ⾳Ϊ⾳Լֻǰ֮ĿⰲšѾõ־ûҪƿ־磬ȴһ׵顣
ֱڣҶóģҲԸ߾۹⣬ȥ˵ʵս
ħȴ֮ͬѾӵԪһ⾳
ȻǵϹӢˣħṩγĽ
ϵṩָδͬ
Ϊ̫ͣƿϹӢ꣬ԣαܽϹӢ
ħȻͣȴԽͬһϹӢ꣡
Ѿͬ˵ϹӢ꣬ȻΥĲٿءǵΥĲٿأԼѧ֪߸꣡
ħȷʵ̫͡ͲṩϹӢ꣬Ȼл꣬ʩչһЩԪɼֶˡȫ£һɵԼ
ڵħһڴдһĬĬлʩչħϣַͨʽʶһģʶҲѾоŲϵĳʶԼܿԼĶ򣡡,
Լ򣡣
ţֻҶּȾ޼֮Ϊħ˵Ĵڣħ
һֱħǸ߰ġ
ǱĺѹͬǸ߰ġڣķʱ䣬շĺеѰҵ֮
ǱҶΪūͬҲǸ߰ġãԼĲŻѷɫҶɶ١Լѹôʱ䣬ԼٶȣҲȵǰ֮ôҶɲ١
Ҷ֮ԻԼūܺãΪҶɵĸʹȻУҲħָ߰Եʡ֮˸УҲܻС
ҶɲѹեԼĳūʵϣñ˸Ϊ£ΪѱĻūҲûȥʲô顣
ǡǡ෴ҶɶԼĳūܲ
ҶߣΣգѰǿٵöࡣǵջȴѰǿҪüǧü򱶡
ǵָջ񲻳ɱʵҲҶɵĸͶʣҶǵĸ顣ҶɺܾãĿҶշūֻأҲ֪һʼҶɾѾʶĿʼͶʡ
ʵ֪һ㣬ҶɵЩūʶ֮󣬿Ҳѡѡ
ڵħڡҶɡĹؿڣ
ʶ𽥳壬ħľҲߡѾףҪĿЩģʶҪʱ䡣ǣ𽥳Ĺ֮УԼܹԼ
ԼٽħҲѾоöѾԼʶдʶƣʼ𽥱С
ҡҪ˵Ŀ𣿡ħ΢΢Щã
ƿأ⵱Ȼһġ⡱顣֮󣬷ɹȥˣУ鲢
ԼİʶƣǲӦȥҶɣ
ħھ
ľٶȾ˵йעħʶ仯ҶɣȻûеһʱ䷴Ӧ
䣡
һεģħħ֮ȭֻһǼȭɵİ֮壬޷˵ĳݺύ֦Ҷݺݵ˹ȥ643.սˣ壩
һ־ģһԶҶɵľġ
ħڵԽͬϹӢ֮磬ЧٱǧҲܶЩ˴ʲôвǣħ޷˵ģ˹Σתħ֮ȭǺȥ
ԭѾħθúܲͷǣڵȵ˻ᡣֻĴ׳֦ӸٶȣεҲӲ
֮⡭
һū̽Ҫҵ𣿼ֱǳ룡
ɫһЩҶɻʲôУԼҲѾܹͻΧ֮ǰʱ׷ɱ
ԶͶľ˫ϵõֻǷֻȻѾԱƵҶһĪչǣ⻹ǹ
˾ãһսѾûһԼɱɼǿߣͲаᡣ
Ǹ̽·СӣڹѾǸˣѾħĴڡ
ǣĻɱħʱ򣡣
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡

ϵײħڵĵطը졣һʱ䣬֦Ҷѣ˾Ȼûܼʱ﷢ʲô顣
ôǿҵǸūԱ𣿡Щɻ
Ա壬˵ҲӦֳôĶûɵģ˾;һ
ʱ״ҶɺСȴһ
ܣǸϹӢҶɷǳȡ
˲仯ޡӦС꣬Ҳеò׼ˡоҲչˡôһ£Ƶȥ
СͣȻҲ˵̫Ҷ̾ʶħҲ쳣
ֻһֱ
С궼û취ȷԭҶɵȻ͸û֪顣ǣֱħܣ
ֻԳĬһ˲䡣ҶɾͶȻ˵С꣬سλ棬Ҫȥ
ѯħʡˣֱӾͳȥСڵҲѾܸˣ̾Ҷɵ˼
Ȼǳ֮򰡡Ȼ
СģصҶɵĳλ֮ȥҶɣڽСĿռλ֮ոմСʱȲļٳ˹ȥ
Ҷɵĳʱյ÷ǳáһЩͻǵǿײĳನȵСȫ˳λ֮ٳ¾Ѿڶֹˡ,
λʱݣǣ⼫ݵʱ棬С꿴һĻ
˵һγ׼лʰ֮ܣ˫֮УйâƣӲĳȷڶֹʮ׳֦һƬ翵Ŀռ֮У
һֿյĸоʱСãԼͺʧȥλ֮Ҳ˵ĳλˡǣûС꾪ȵӦֿյĸоȴ˲ʧʱԼѾ˵ĳλ֮У
ܣСһ̾;
ԼղֿյĸоܡħֻɣܣȻܹӰ쵽ҵʶ
Ҫ֪Сľ硣ҲѾ˾ż۷ˮ׼ֻܣҲͬǧ򱶵
Ǿ磬ܣС궼ҪħǣħܣȻܹӰ쵽Сʶ
ĿռҲûиС˳ϾֻǱڵ֮ܣܶС깹κв
ǣħȴеģС깹˼в
ҿѷǵУ򣬱͵Ϯһ£Ҳѳܡ
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ɲ֮䣬С˹
ǲ˲ޣǰԹڣҵʶʶȫħţΪޣҲԭЩħ֦ŻʧȥĿ꣬ײһ𣡡
׹Сֿ꣬ʼҶɵġ
ҪħĻϲ⣬Ĺ֮УҶɾͱ׸ĸ򣬾ҶͣҲһ
˰ˣһҲ̫çײ˵㡣
С˫֣ģȭͷ(վ..֧֣Ķ644.սˣ
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Ȼħδ֮ʱͺȻѾ֤ԼġǣҶɲħģܴﵽʲô̶ȡ
ǼʱħӣǼħԼ̬ȣ
ҶҲԼȥħԽʯˡжϴħԼǾʹˡ
ڳƬص֮кҶҲͬʶͰû¿յģ䡣Ҫ˵ʱҶɣȫħˮҲܡǣʵ֤ħȷҳϡ
ˣھ͹̫Σˡ
ãã֮УһСƬ֮ءħΣҶɵ档
ˣٶһȡҵȹһЩͿ˴һ֮·ˡ
ԼȷܶЩʲôش˺ǣԼ֮ȴЩײӶܵķһͨ
ʱҲ԰æҶɺǺǵЦҵļԼȵѪ򡣼ɱܿ죬Ǿɴȥ
Ҷ˵ʱĿռλ֮Ҳȸ˳
ȿ˿ΧɵĿռ䣬̾˿˵һΪҲǿġû뵽С⣬һҲһ
ٸҶɵūȾֻλˡ
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ιιι㵽ǲħҼеħӦǺһһ𣿡ȹզզԼм飬˹ȥ
Ҷ΢΢ЦûħˡʶƵҲȥͬ㰡
ħҪ˵ЩʲôȻ;ʶһɡ
ʶʧˣ
ȻħѾʶƵĵ·ǣѣȽңԶڵֻǲΪʶƣʱпܱҶɸݻʶˣҲٱҶǿǣҶҪʶеļ䣬޷
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ǵʶʧˣħӦѪɫ֮УҶһЩǣҲѾʧ
ҶģεֶΡħҲֱҶɴʶ˲ͣ͵ʱ򣬷΢оЩǵĴڡ
ħ׷˵ĽŲ
ħףҶǳ׷ԼˡףȻԼѾͨҶɵĿ飬ǣֳ׷ģпҲζԼȥٴԼ,
ٻħȴڵĴߡףԼڵһУʵҶɶûҶɵĴ죬ԼǱҲһܹǱױھһ졣
ħԣȶΪ֮һյħ֮ҲȻ
ūͷˮˣﳣе顣˳ūδ֮ǰʹɱ֣Ѱ
ҶˣȫԼʶƣֶΣħɱڿԷδȻǱҲūҲֱӶɱ
ǣҶȴȫͬѡΡ
Σǻġһֻ̣Ѫڡ
ˣҪȻȥħһϹӢҲץ
⼫嶯ĻһڣʱͰҶɺħһһ㶵ġ
ħҲܹҶܡϵĲǸܸ࿹
ǣ嶯֮飬ҲȻĶ
˵ûҶɱϾģٶȣħ̫ࡣֻͷ޵ȣܺãֻͬһл꣬ħѾ̶ֳȡͬһǿϹӢ֪꣬ӵ
ҶҲ࿴ħص㡣
򣬿ԽħǿöĴŪʶͰȻ󣬾ͿԽǿڵͬ
ȻһħԶԶһ棬ҲֻɣӰ췶Χƿˮ׼ǷȱҪʵս֮УֱԽͬߵȼǿߣ̫ܡ
ǣǸԵϹӢץסħҲͬˣǻħ绢
ǿ֮Իηԭˡ
ǻ۹ܹ˵ʻΪãҲԼķֻӵ廨ŵڵħȹ˸ҲԽֻҪҶץסǿ꣬Ȼλ֮ѹסħͿɽͬɻǿ
룬ȵĽޱȼʣģֻһ⡪
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˾ֲū͵˿ļһЩֻ֮Уеľū͵꣬ӵū͵
˾ãҶҲԼһԼˣãҶһū̽·顣
ٺ٣ūͳսأ
һ̽·ūֻ֮ͣһ·Χгվţ
һɫɵĸ·һſֵܳĵڶ̽·ū͡
ּǿߣٶһЩ㡣ֻûȥ֮ǿߣδ⣬ֻΪ˶һԼսַչж
һ죬ڶӦߴ·ߵˡҵʶһ£ʲôŽǽ֮
ȥֻһֿܡ
ʵϣҲû
ħĳ֣ҶɾʹԼˡлʰ֮ܣǿдءĿģʵ͸ǿûʲôˡ
ֻõǱ߷ʲôʣõԼԵģһս

֮·˻˲ʱŸϵȻѾؾʱ䣬ǣûȫϰ˷ڵľ޴ѹսʱˣҲʮƣ
һսʱЩ
γϵġѹ׵ֶΡһ֮У˲˴󲿷ֵķֻ꣬ҲһЩˡ
ҶɵͻȻ֣Ҳù˴ֲҶǹѣù˲òʮԸĪֵɼǿߡ
ڣѾЩƣˡ
ϽսһȥץǸϵ쵰
һˡԼʮ·Ҫǲץʱ䣬սپܻȥץǸϵϹӢ꣬¾Ҫ·ˡֿռôԶ·룬˶ͷƤ顣
Ӹߴӵ˳
֣ȷֻǿöࡣֻǿһһĴ׳ģ֪ڵ֮ǰǿǧٱ֮ࡣ
ҶǰƵٴμǿΧǿ֮󣬹˿ʼƽ޾ڰˡ
󷨣ƺʲôʱ˵һ׼һ߰ţƲô⾳ȴܰҵʶȫ
ˣ벻ˡȸ㶨ؾ飬ȥ򿴿ûⷽϢ,
ˣ򣬻ѵСӣǸֵͽܣԼɰɣȻѾɼͽܡٺ٣лˣҵҪȥһǸ֣
ǰһ׼һ߻ɵ˼Ž⡣ʱ˿̣֪ؾģʵֹһɼǿߡ֪ԼϵĵһɼǿߣԼĻ䡭
ļ٣ͬһ㣬һɫĴ
ⲻǱϸȥͻ֣ᷢЩٵı棬һɫâ
Щ٣뵽Ǻɫʱ򣬹˾;ãԼһӾ͸Щʧȥϵǣǵż¶һ˿΢Ц
һо֮У
Ȼûܽҵļ֮棬ô͸Գΰɡ
Ź˵һȣԭֻǴɫĴ˲һɫĹŹԽԽ࣬Ҷɵ󣬳ױ
ǣȴûˣ
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ΪʲôΪʲô
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ѵǰطȥ˱𴦣ǣҺ䣡
˺ݺݵ˦˦ͷֻĵĸоԺ
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˹ּǿǵٶȣھˡڣ˻֮һɲ֮䣬ʵռת
ʱüƣﵽȷˡЧпܸ˴Ĵ
ǣʲôطѹֲؾ
ܹ·ѾǺܲˡһЩطڿշУʮţĴڡǾ쫷Ҳܹﵽٶһʱ䣬Ƕܲ˰֮·
ֵطüƣǼıóѣо˵ٶȣıʱϵ
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˹ʼʩҪҶһεıƳǣȫǵĴɨһʱ֮ɫԽԽѿˡ
ѵѾܵˣ˲ɵðľ
Ҷܹ˵ģԼʮֻİΧ֮£ӣѾùԻ󲻽ˡڣҶɸǺ׵ģʧ
ʱһһƣɨһһŹ˵ڣˡ
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˴ٻͷȥ׷ǰǸϹӢˡòΪҲѾҶɸͲҸԼ
ߣһˣһټ棬Ҿ㣡
ڹ˵ĺݻʱ
ɺŨѪƾ˳˲ͽ˸û˾;ãԼͻȻҵļֱͺҪԼԾ
ãİ㣡
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һ˲䣬ҵͻָǰݵı仯˵ɱս⣬ûбȼ
ǻޣ򡣻Ҫʧǰ㣡˵ţʹƷ
ɾڹ׼ѭɱȥʱڶܡѾϡ
ӿս⣬޷ƵĳŹ˵ꡣѾǿסҲ޷ֳ
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ⲻӰԼԼе޷Ŵ
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ȵѪҶɵļĳЩʱ򣬻żͬЧǣڴϡȴűʵ𡣱ѪӰǿߣûɱ֮⣬ҲɱҶɵļȴֻǷŴֵöֵȣ©
ǡȻ֣ܹһۿڵסҶɵļ֮ûʶԼڸս
ԽǸߵȼĴڣоԽǿ¡һУͻսַ޷תı仯
ΪϵľƣһУڽһ޷ѵսǣһУҲԸĲʹѵ,
ڹ˲òԼɱ⣬˼ս֮ʱܣȻ˹˵ϡ
ֻ֮
Ҷɵʮʮ棬ѹԵơԶ̲ʮֻ꣬ʩչľ˫ϵ֮Լ֣Ҳǿƽ⡣һʩչֻֻ磬ֻ֮ԻᱻֱӺƬ
ǣʱڹ˲òʱҶɱսʱֻĳ֣ùЩҡ
һȭȥþֱɱǼ꣬
һʱ䣬˾Щò⡣
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ֵطȻҲʩչ˵ıƣôģ
ֻ֮еĹˣ;ԼȷȻ֮ͱˡΪֻҪ޷ͻؾǿѹǿߣֻܸƾı޷ʩչơǣʱ˿̣һ˿΢ɼС϶Ȼ˿
ϵĶҡҲ㲻ʲô˾ؽսģս
鷳ǣڹ߿ŵģһ޼ǿߣ
㣬˳ƶΪҶɵļµĵطʱ£ôһϵıͲʲôǱҶŴ֮ʱڹ˵ʶ֮У賤
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Ȼÿһֻת˶̨ܱѡǣÿһֻأһϸӵʻ
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սԼҪø޷Լɱ⡣
ѲɣѾͿ԰ҸɱôΣ
⼫䱻֮£ѡһΪΨһܹİ취
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ֻҪڹնɱֺ©ҶɵļӰ졣ֻҪҶɵˣ޷ڹǸ俪ܹڲ֮ء
ò˵˵սʮֵõ
Ҷɵ˵ǰ޷ͻҲ˵ڹǡ
οؾֶصĵط˵ȹ˽һУҶɵˣͻΪѷΪ̣
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ֻʶģʵķˡڳһαַ֮ͻϢģټ
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Ҷͬûħ֣ħȻѾʼ𲽰ҶɵʶƿˣǣȴʵķҶɵİš
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Сǲ֪Ҷɵļʩչȥ֮ǰǹ˵˫֮Уӹһ˿â
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ԭܵĹˣȻ֮䡣ͺȻһαήˡɲ֮䣬һеһеȫûϡ
һſŻǡԾĻ˲ɢȥԭӲʯȻ˶顣
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ǹŢޱȵأʧȥ˵֧֮ҲһӲ顣ǰ
ڸղţ˻ãԼƺҪٴӵѹԵˡڣֱӽҶɱڴˡҲûܡ㾡ȫʩչƽ͵Ĺʱ񼫶ȿܵЩ¶Ĳˣһ˿ͻƿķš
ǡϲõЦݣû¶һӴ׹һα˸ղǸɥܿ˶ϵʧߡ

һĻС˹
ԭǹʾ˵һ˿֮⡣ȻʩֶΣ
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Ҷ֮ԻװǱϵʿҸС˲ͽĿľΪˣһ˿㽡
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ץסһ˿㽣ǡʱ޽Ŵ󡪡Ϊʲô˻ͻȻһɨƣ˵Եʡ
ǣΪ⡰ˡʵҶˣĹˣͿƲסԼ

˷ԭռݾƵĹˣǰˡǻɵŹ˵ĹŹʣҶɾѾԷֽܻ׽
սҶûԤϵġԭ׼һЩС
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ңǹ˵ӡֻ֮ݺݵһ䣬Ͳ֪ȥ˺δҶزģðա
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Ŷߣһջ޴ôðգͬʱҲһβԼȥһϵС޵жǷðա
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һҶ˵СħҪ˷ֵһЩ
ǣתһ룬ԼܣڶԸ׻ص﷽棬ûκƿԡ
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ռλ棬ӦԪΪ
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ǽ뵽ѹ޴Ǹ޷еؾ֮УҲûʶֻҪģԼĿռλܼ֮򵥷УʧȥտǿߵķҲ֪ԼӦߡ
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û񲻸˵üͷ¯ԴˣĶĶȥ
ŭúΪλǰָͷҾҪԶָ𣿺ٺ٣ҵˣҾǵͷ
৵һӣһѴģ

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һΣõڶԪ񣬳˿ʯ֮У
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ۿռλ֮ȫ׷˸ԪħϢ
֪ܣûг֮ǰҾͽλ棬пܣͻᱻЩֲڣЩԪħϢ
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Լӿݵ
ԵڶԪҪʮʱ䣬ޡҪʱ䣬ܽɼħǸ½ɣҪǧʱ䣡
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С˵һռλ档Գһ۷ǿߴڡռλ棬Գһ۷ǿߴڡ
˰˼ϣҲλ档ҲûơǿߣҲЩռλߣúΣЩλ档Ҳ˵һ۷壬͵ýλ档򣬾ֻҷӡ
ССһ죬ЩֲڵĶ֡취ˣʼľ
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һʣҶС꣬Լߵ·ڿƿ꣬ͻ֮һӣԽ֮ڼôʡ,
һʣҲͲΪ֣ƣ²òֿڵڣԼûʱ䣬ѰŮ䡣
Ҷɵ˼Ʈɣһ뵽˱
δ֪Ůز֮ˣҶɿҲܰԼ顣һν뵽ؾֲ֪Ҫ꣬Լ̤Ѱǵĵ·
ӰѾ㶨顣ҶɰԸԼľ˵һ֮𣿵ĥѣȥѰǸ֮أ
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ÿռλ֮ʩչһܣЧ൱ڸ߽˵طˡֻ⻮һЩ׳Ļߣȫ˿ա.
⻹ԶԶ׶⾳̫˵㡣ܿо׻׷ٶҶɡ
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ڣ޷߿ڶԪȥѹǰ˸ԪħˡҲֻٴζܡ
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ʱҶҲٶͣˡʮλһӷɢ˲׻ߡǴɱ䣬ЩѾ׹ƣԼļܶԶ뿪׻¾һգ
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ӵ֮Ҷɾϵо֮ĵ·ǲССĵҪǸ˵йأҲ˵ĹϵֻءȵйءˣӦӵǿϵ
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Լ˻Ķ̫ˡԼΪҪɱֶΣˣһֱĺķлʰ壡
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ԼʼոߣˡЩȻ˽ֵǿǣֻ
룬˻ֱӡϲıơȾͲɵһ֮⣬ЩԵļһǣе,
Ҷɿɲ֪ԼΪ˼žˣȻʩչһУȴ˷ḻ롣ʱ˿̣飬ȥ鿴ȵʶ仯
С궼ûа취𣿻ħǿĵˣص㣬ӦÿԵֵһĲֵܵٻϹӢ걣ôڣȻû취ӳֻأ
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СҲ͸ҶɼԽܹߵȼλеˣڸߵȼĿռλУһҲѰҪ
ʵ׻߾ӦúҪ֪׻ߣһһ졣֮ҲĴڡǻȺһУǧһҲɰٱǧļпԽɱɶĴڣ
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Ϊ˶Ը˵ħѪɷС͸֧һɼڣ˵ˣΪʲô
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ˣҶɰ˼⣬ʩչһŴͷʱħֻĬĬǰʱ׼ս
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ħûпʣС꼰ʱԮʮٸħһҲҪЩڤϡ
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ԼҲǣܾöûսˡҶ,
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Լǰ֮УЩǰ֮У඼ǲླĴڣ
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Գһ죡Ȼʵ廯ħ
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Ҷ֪Ȼȴ֪ȻӵôܵڤȻָߣֱǲ˼顣
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СָָԶЩڤĻڣҶףνӻЩɡ״֮ϣɫ԰׵һС
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ʱصһڤӣڷѿˡͬΪѹ޴ԵʣķҲȫȻҲǿ󡣲˺ܺõʳǾҽе׻ߡ
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Ҫ֪Ҷмµʱˣ֮⣬ûл޵κʼľǰ󲻹ʱ䣬ԼȻӵһ˿Ӧռ״
ǻܷܷԶÿռǣޱȵľ磬ȴĿռ䡰оΣաͨռĸӦҶɲܴжϳܷܷľ硣⻨ܷܷɼľ磬Ҷɾжϲˡ

ϣҶɹЦšȴʮֽšҶɲΪֻܷܷ˰˼
Ҫ֪ҶԪľ磬Ԧʹ弶Ϳɱ˾żĴڡ⻨ܷܷɼľ磬Ԧʹ˰˼ȻҶɱ
Ǿ磬Լȫ洦·硣ǱƴıƣԼҲóĻܷܷĶ֣
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аԿЦʱ䣬Ϊʱģܷܷסˡ
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С꿴˶ôʱˣǸǻܷܷ˸ƽ֡˵ЩʲôֶΣСȥ²ˡ˵Ļ̫࣬ԼСԴá
С֪Լ˸ûиǻܷܷкδ򶷡˾ǿü֮ܣĪ⣬ʼŻܷܷսżôʱ䡣ܷܷһ㣬˵Ŀ˸Ͳܼȥ
С궼ƭ˹ȥܷܷ͸˵Ҫ̽һµģǣȱС꼲ˡ˾ֱҶɵסˡ
ʵܷܷҲ룬Ҷʥɼڡô֪ܲڤأô۹⡢ʶܻǲᶪİɡ
ǣܷܷ㶺һ㡣ûⷽ롭
ä𣿡ɣĽŵҶɣ˼뵽ͺôǿĴڣҲпħһɼǿߣҲһпЦä㡣ܹһä㣬δûлᣡ
ԭҶС겻ֻ֣Ϊ˶廨ܷܷһȵС꽫ħȳ򣬲źø⻨ܷܷԼĻ࿹⡣
֪ҶɶСһ֮ʶ֣Ȼȵ
ɲ֮䣬ҶɶԼ֮ܵ⣬Խˡ
ۺεǿߡ㡣ֻҪ㣬ü֮
ʱĶ̾ͻǿսҲҶкζǻܷܷȻ΢΢һȻ󣬾ͻȴˡ
Ѿװ˻ŵСꡣһ߰ħһйעߵս˾Ȼǻܷܷˣɵ־ϲ
õĻǼ֮û뵽˾ȻӰɼǿߵ
ʱ˿̣СѾף˲ûжκμԪħܹǻܷܷˣΪ˵ļܣܷܷġ־塱Ӱ󣡡,
Ը߾磬Ӱ;磬Ƚ
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С궼˳Ծһֱ࣬ÿ϶Ҫ۵졢ħȡֻأĸҲʵ̫˼ˡ
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ӹ󡣡ҶЦЦҲûж˵ʲô
˵ǱһھҵҲԽԽǿȻڤȻܷܷҪǣȴҲôףͿ԰Ⱥɱ
תҶȥħĳɹ
ҷӡֻأλȴκӰ졣ԼֲҷӡӰĿռλ棬Ҷʼն㲻ףλʲôطҶҲ֪Ǿʱ֮ǿߣҲδ˵ԣһֱɻѹĵףȥ롣
Ҷû뵽ǡ
ҶѯħܷܷͬĪĽչʱħ֪ĵһϢȻȲЩɵҲؾռλɡйصϢ
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Ҷһ˵ħʱ˫۴ԾԾԵģҪ۷ȥԼͬҵ
ҪżҶɻ˻֣ʾħ԰꣬Σǻúú÷һ
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Сʱ;ͷһůϽһ˼·˵
ȣؾĽơ˵ˣɣҲɳѡֵεؾ֮УôܲһʥƷôôǿػߴڣ
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С˵ħüͷһ䣺û©ϢʱȥˣҲܻѰ
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ˣǰȺٻɡСü˵ɵ㣬δ֮ǰҾãǻǲҪΪá
ڵʵҲ¸ڤһ뼸ǰȻܷܷʱȣҶ˲̶ͬȵҶɸǵǣĿ档С궼Ҫη㲻ãҶɶУսʤ֮
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ҶҲʮͬСĿǡڤлܷܷصٶԽԽ죬ֻôһСĹȺȻҲȻ뿪Ļˡ
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ҲҶʮ㣬ľǻܷܷ񼡣񼶼ȾĪŽ˫˫ܻǻܷܷɹģսҶɸûʲôԡ
Ҫȥڤħ
ҲáҶɵ˵ͷ
Ҷɵ׿ϡħѸٻһĻӰɽϣȥ

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µõʱ˿̣ĪͻܷܷһƬ
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ڤľߣǣҲ˰˼۷ѡȻԸ߾磬Ԧʹ˰˼ĶࡣǣԴƾħơ
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Сӿڤ鼫䵥
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ĵȷȷҶɵı壬ûаٿԡ
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ȷкܶҪ
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յģǲ֪ĿĺڵԶıԼıشڡ
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ⶫֱ֡ڣҶɻ㡣ȻսȴҲԸȥЩ򽻵
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ܿ죬˴𰸡аĸоˡֻؾ;ʶȻǣһռλȫͼʮ뵽ʶ֮У
һĿռλ棬ûʵֱûб鲼ǳһλĴߡ
Ȼһʯ⴦ռλ֮СԭܵĻȫǱʯһವģС
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ʱҶٺЦһ˫־һ

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ʮҶѹɣһȻԱĵʯҲֲıըըһ֮ǧֱĳӣ
ӣ㲻ҲˣҶɱУСɫԳܣҶµһƷȻѾһƷ۷ٶȣҲǰ˰ٱࡣ
ԭҶ鲢𣬴ʱȻɢһϣͣˣҲԾ˵ٶȣⳬ˹
ʱɶֻһ뷨ǾǣƴսƷƴǵꡣ
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ʲôط۷ڵһǿߣҲֻʵʵ·ӵоƷҶ飬Ҳһ˲ɵٶȷС
˲ƣءҶã۷ڵԼҲ
Ҷ֣ؾֻʱǿ߶֪ؾǵѹ޴ЩѹǿʵǿӡͺһĽƣʱʱ̵̿ĹעŸǿߵΪߵ͡
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һնڤֶμȺôŹ϶
ֻеĻϹ֡һݣ΢һЩߵǧޣɵÿЦҡҡͷ

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ϵϡɴڡ˲ٶȶô죬Ҳ޷̫ʱ䡣
Ҫǿռ価顣СֶβҲͱܻ׽ˡ֪֮ж٣˲ҲĶɡȵĴ־֮ʱ
ÿһɣﶼƵ뷨ģһĸտʼּĹƣȫó
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ܿ죬ʱȥˣÿһ˶ʮƣ롣
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Ҷ˴δԹΪƽɱЩԼռλϢϢصĴڣҲûĹǣһܴܿڵĲླ꣬ȴǸԸ˸,
ģģҶǼ֮ľԽԽˡ
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һĬĬһֻ֣ԭ˲ŵļһɲ֮䣬ξ˰֮У
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һηЩԶԶ͵ԼɡҶڱչ֮ǰ壬Դ
ڶηȴЩԼƵɡҶɾ޼֮۹⣬ȻȻģԿЩɣֻ취ɡѹȷ˵ãҲ̸Цǣϣȴû˵
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ֻأڳΪ˿ռλ̸ֻܸ֮֮֮ǿ󡣴ʱžʦɫָȣӦص㽫ɱܣЩϡӰӦÿʲôˮ׼Χ֮ڡ
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ѾһС꣬ͺһ˵ŮֻһʮСˣҶȻһЦ˵ˣġСһɱȡǵڵлʰ壡
С꣬Ȼ˵ȴ쳣ֻ䣬ξȻԶɱȥҶɺǲ죬СΪʲôһδʩʱͼС絶৵ģһɽ˹ȥ(.֧֣Ķ)
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Ʒ֮С꣬ҲԽܹᵽ˵뷨ĵ׶Բԣֻʵά˵Ը
ͣԪһ졣״С꣬ڻָŮ״ʱ˿̵С꣬ʮСŮģˡһ°׵ۣĳɢ֬һ˫ϣһϵһմŴһ˫ɫ͸ƤЬ΢΢ЦţһЦǣ
һС͵Ҷɵߡһ˫ۣ˵䡣Լ塣ס˽塣
׼ģڳˮȥҶɵҲ
С꣬ɹˡ
СȻһЦˣҺ
ʱ䣬ҶˡˣʲôӵġСؼһ
ֻ΢΢˵ͷͶſ޷ݡ
ˡĵ˯ɡ飬ͽ
СˮУҶɳ˯˹ȥʱ˿̡СȻɳĺ

ؾУǿڶࡣ
ϵˣ½ؾǿߡ
ûнΪūûзʩͲ
ʵϣҲΪԱ˥ʱݼҲûӦ
տҲˡؾûһտǿӦѪҺ
۹˵Ҳˣռʣһûȡ
༸ܿסһ𣬶񶷲ݡЩϲΪһҪˡȴûУʵܿһѡԼȴؼյġ
һɶһʱؾȫȣ𶯻ûҵľϾؾһģżе֣
ǣģҵĵݱѣ
Щ²ѪҺѡôʱ䣬ӦؾǿѹܹܹѡȻЩǰҪǣܿЩǰҲѱ½ǣܿڷ,
ģֵЩνǰˡ
ʲôˮ׼Ԫһ죡
սЩʲôˮ׼Ҳָɶ죡
˼֮δ̤ǿܳܡȻɵս֮أǿǧ֮ңǣ𶯵ನҲɲܳܡ

ÿһ죬䡣û죬۹ˣҲһòˣ
ĺ󱲣Ǽֵʱ䳤һЩҲһֱȥΪȴڣҲʧ롣
⣬⣬ʲôս죬֪ͨλǰ
֪ͨԳܹΨһϵ˷׷ʶţҪԳע⣬ǣϵõʱ˿̣ԳҲ䡭

׷ôãҲ׷˰ɣڽһŨĸߵȼλ֮Գ
ɼڡǸ׷ɱԳһʱɣ˳Ϊҵһߵȼλ棬ͿԻָӲСΪôʱһ㲼öû𣿡
Գ΢΢һ͸оΣա
㿴ҵԳֵĺȻ汦Ҳܽɱ
Գ̾ͷ˷һľתٴӶݡ
Ȼߵȼλʱ䲻ԳҲȡ˴ʱĻָɶ졣ټԶԶ߳ɵľ磬ԵãԶӿԱȽϡ
һ˲Գӹٸ롣ӾҪ׷Ҳ׷ϡ
Ҳû׷ֻ¶һ˿յЦݡ
ӵٿ죬ʲôôأħħǼԪħҲȲĽթ
ԳȻը(δ704.ƽ֮
ǳ˯еҶɣڸսĺ֪ʱ˿̣ߵԳѾãҲһϿҶҲǰ֮ƺԶ
֪ˣҲҪɱɣȻڲ䣬һɡʥɣɵġֻвϵƵ飬ǰ֮ơ
ڣЩ飬ҶɺͺҲ֪ǲܹơ
սϵĳȥ
սеһٶʱҶˡ˯һѹıȻٴȥֻˮ׼ˡλҲ˥࣬ռ֮ѷʮ߸λǻһƬɢľȻϲ¥Ҫﵽһ۷֮
лл㣬Ҷɸո˫ۣͳź΢΢Ц
ĵһ仰ȲǸ̾Լľ羫ҲǸ̾Լֵл
ӦллģԽǸߵȼǿߣ羫Խѡ˵ǵһˣһǿߣҲ硣ǧꡢꡣͻơǺԼҲƴûһƴһջ
ȴȻһЦ˵ˣԶöԺ˵лл
ȻûȥЩɵĹֲһ󷨣˽ҶɵĻ
ָоһ壬Ӧܹܵĸо
Ʒӵǡȴ任޶δס
ƷҪӵ㹻Ӧ㹻˽֮⡣ؼһ㣬Ҫ֪İںδ
ҲˡҲҲն顣Ҳһֻ֣Ҫ϶Լ·ܶ壬׵Ʒ֮
ҶɵĻżɾȥһҶ֪ǰɵðԸ̾
֮ǰԼһ۾ܶ㡣֮ԼȻоȴȫˡǺ֪ԼҲ֪Ʒְ
㲻Ҫˡѧ㣬ɰɡҶɸź˳ĳ˵
Ҫˡ룬Ժ󣬲˶ټ檣ҲֻҽСˡǺרȨ
ģġġ
ġ鰮ġġ
ģȴΪֻذ̬ġġ
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ʰҶɣ˵ʵ԰ǽһ˰ɣôѵ֮ڣַʲô״ɣ
ǵģˡ˿ɻǵãǰ׼ǿߣ
شŵʱǻõĺδȫȥҶɾ־õĲȣֻ΢̾һĿӺ뿪ȥ
ǵãѲɣһսǻܴɣ
ȻǿǰԻ˵Ĺؼ΢΢Цţϸ͵
ȥ԰ߵȵĿռ䣬ʵؾֻͨǣѪϵģܴͨ׼ңտ֮ıˣǾѪ֮塣
ǰǿû飬ھͽ׼ˡǱһǿĽƱţȼս˲ǰ֡
սҲȺնɱɡһʼһûʲôǣնɱĸʱҾԼһЩʲôնɱҾͳˡ
֮ԻʧܣΪû㹻ǿЩͨѹʥɵĹؼһٸһǧϡּǿߣҲܴЩͨҪ
տ򿪵ͨľ׼ҪͨҪǿ
ʱоҴʥɵֶΡ
ǻ֮ǡտõķֻ֮֡Ϲ֣ݻƷһľҲΪĳ
ǰ˵ߵľǱƽ֮·Ҳĵÿɱһɣ׼ǿĽƣͻһ£ҲɱЩɣЩҲЩƵĸ֮
Ҷɵ˵ͷؾǿѹҲΪ˸Ʋĸ𣬱صİ׹ǣ¶ǰ˵һǿݣʥҪĿɾ͸ˡ
ˡЦ˵˯ˡǲЩɣЩҲ͵ʹ뿪ĵطˡ
ҲáҶɵ˵ͷһҲǷţʮ˸ҲǷţ߰ɡ
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Ҳʲô鷳飬ⶫҸطˡ
Ҷڸ߿ռӹ˰֮ǰԼոսռλʱļѣԸ̾һ
ӹ۹˶սĵطʱͣ廳ϰ졣
ʵˣʲôÿģǻ۹˶ˣûֻüܣŶˡ
˵ûҶЦŵ˵ͷˣѹˣԾˡֻҪ⼫ʧҲһҪͣһͣٻζһ¼սһٴ÷š
Ŀ˸ЦԭѾʼܽἫǿϲɺذĵܽᣬǲླǿ߲ǾƷʱͶֻصģúܡƷ֮󣬷˶ܽᡣ
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ֻص˵ȻΪΣӻǵԣƷ֮ʱһЩУȻȻĿ˺ʶ֮СҪںʶ
΢ЦţſԼʶ˹ۿ
⵹ãҵľ磬ûҶȴȥ˰֣ЦҪңҡ
ˣһ㶣Ȼ󣬾Ц

Ҷͣµʱ䣬ĵڶԪ񡣶Ԫħϱ壬о
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Ҷһ·ܶأȻֻһľ磬ܽĵˡ,
رǣںĲջ֮£ǱоѶȸ˰ٱǧ˵ģһʼҶԼ嶼Ʋס˵˼ˡ
µʱҶȾƵ˺ġġֿԼ֡һ۶ı£ȴȥأǺľ̫߳Եʡ
ȻҶɶǡˣѹˣԾˡţµʱȥҶɾ;ãԼƾ鷨ţȥ˵ʤˡ
ҶҲ֪Լܳڵ֮С
ɾϵǿߣΪͿ桪
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棬йأⲢżȻ
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ɾ֮Ժǿߵ˱ռλ֮֡
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Ǿȥ˰ɣʱһ򣬱鿴λ棬ԵҲкܴĺôŶ
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ˡҶ̾˿ʥɶܸ׼ʲôģˣȻͿһָʲôöɡ
һǿۣѵԼǰ֮ĵô𣿶ʥˣȻԼôѲɣһʥɻֲۣ
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ˡˣΪʲôʲôûз֣ԽԽǾȡ
Ҳ̫߼ˣ˲ʲô硣Һʲô磿Ҷû취֣ôܷ֣ǰ֮θʲô
ٿҶɣ΢΢üͷƺ˼
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ҶҲ⣬ǺЦ㲻ʲô뷨Ҫô̫ˣҪôʲôǻûз֡
ȷ˵Ҳǰ˵ȴģҶɵɫУ˸ࡣ
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סôģҶɲĿ˿Ȼ˵ŶֻصԲҵļ֮ˣҵǰ֮ϣʲô
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˼Уһ˿Ӱ𣿡Ҷ򣬡ҪĻۡߣʲôص,
ɽ˺üȦҶҲЩɣǲ۴ˡϾȥ֮⣬Ҳȫûа취ŪһƬصڡ
˵ԭһǿĽƣ⴦ɽ롣ڸӦԼĵʧӰ١
ٱ磬ɽ뱾ԼԼɽڵ֮Ҳ񡣻仰˵Լǰ֮ԼԤ֮ء
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ᣬѰǿ߻ֻ֮ͬͬеĵֻֻصĵֻؿֻ̣ȴ߸һģһĵ·
仰˵ǿڶࡣֻҪԵֻǿߣҵԼһµʦ󡣶ƷͺټƷϡҪһֻ֮ͬƷʦֱǲܵ顣
Ҷ˵ӿɽ֮ܸԼ
УȴȫҶɵϡĵĴڣΪҶɶڡ쵽ɽпܸ˴δ֪ʱͻȻȻģһƬɽ룡
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ΪʲôһѲɣƽɽܵķţҶ̲סʹ˸
Լǰ֮ƣҲֲ̫˵ɣһɽɿصһѾãʽȻĸϵ
ҶɵʶЩңһξãԼô࣬ô࣬ǣͷһƺһʼѾ˹켣޷ѡ
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˵ȥˣĿ⣬տͨķ˹ȥȻ̫Զܿͨľ󡣣˼Ŀ⣬ƺԽͨտϵľ󡭡

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֣ǵڶĻǿܿʶ׿±ԼлҪǿ󣬻Ҫʶ
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ǿϢȻʥɰûаһˡ
ģĴڣûصǿߡͺؽϡֻһͽ뵽տ򿪵֮ͨСܿ죬һִͨ۷
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ǿ߽϶ɨһСЩɲܻȥˣʥɣҲΪߵ֮ҲˡԼѾؼڣǿ߶棬Լռ䣬ȥ޿ȥ
˰ˣȥֻѳڴˡռ䣬ټ֮ա
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ǰľҶɺͺˣϰ졣
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Ҷɼٵţ֮Ƭ㶹СڰСȻɰɷԲǧɷԲɷԲӾϵ֮ƬԽԽҶҲ𽥿֮ƬϵһЩ顣
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ұǸԴȴֻһ졣硢ΪԴ֮˾÷˼ζУԴȻûбԴľѹͿˣ漣е漣мʶ𶷷߲²⣬Դܲһ˲õĵ
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ַûԽ߼ۣʵȻ
ϣĿ㲻ʶʶ֮ˡöȷǿԾ˼۸񡣵ǡͬʱĶҲͺڲˣȥ
ܳ۾ͲͬˣõĶҲʶᱻ˼©ȥһ棬ĶҲвʶˣɺöȥϣǺö٣ࡣһһģܳ룬㲻ûöࡣ
ۣܳҲҪ˽ܵġҶģŮֻĻ᳨Ҷѡ
ƿһţһ硣ҶǰһⲼ֣Լƺֻصɽɡ
ªҶ߼ЦˡǰŮɬЦҶ뿴һı
Ҷû̻ش𣬶ǺǺЦطҳѧɵźơӦĳ龳Сõİɡ,
ɽɶ츣أϣʲôõطοˡҶһ˫أƻʵȴ⡣
Ů΢΢һ㶣˹
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ֻ֥һӣһСʹͷ󣬾ͳǰ
Ҷ룬ֻ֥һ㣬Ҷߺ
֥ĻУҲǻ洦
Ҷǰһ仰ڻʵϣȴ˵֥̫СŰԼط
Ҫ֪龳Ҳɶѡ龳еСţеҲ͸ɽǵơҪֻõֶ츣أǾͲʲôˣֱӹŴ󼪡
֥ܴҶôһ̾͸ı̬ȡ
ǣԴͬʱ֥Ҳ΢΢˵Ҷɡ
νֻ֥һ㡱˼ǣﲻ֥һ˵ġ֥ȨСһȥһĶ츣ءף֥һ㣬Ѿܲˡ
ҶЦЦҲٶ˵ʲô֥棬ͷ
һ츣أͱǰǧࡣ϶еθߵĶ츣أǣҶһûûкպҲֹֻܵˡ
һ츣Ҷɲûв˴ڡһ츣УŻԪš
֥ǰԪɶ˼䣬Ԫüһ˾˵֥ѾùһȨˡ
ʦ֣ܲҪȥɡʸλҶҪŭˡ
Ԫɻ࿴˿Ȼεҡҡͷ˵ðɣһΣ²Ϊ
лʦ֣лʦ֡
֥ϲ߹Ҷ΢һǸȻ˵Ҷ߾õˣҶ
ҶɹһЦ֥һĴֶָΣֶΣǧ֮ڣ֥֮õ쳹󾳵أ
Ԫһ𣬲ɵĿ⾪ĿҶɣ֪˵ʲôźá֥ҲĿҶ˰Σ̾Ҷ߲ǺֶΣ
֥ƣˣıǿǿٱǿ
Ȼһ𣡣(ӭ֧֣Ķ742.ΰ
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֥ûİҶһۣǷ֣
Ҷȴһ̹Ȼûɫ֮飬Ҳûй֮⡣
֥֪۹⣬ǶԼȲҶˡ֥ҲաԼ⣬ǺơܲɣΪԼȲϹ˿ǿ󣬾Ҫۡ
һͷ󣬳˵ǰ
һΣյ˰ɡҶɺǺЦ
֥ԵҶѶ᲻С֥Ҳʮ㡣
һ츣أͬ졣
һɽ֪ɽ߼ɽϼƣδɽѾԶԶоˣ
ɽ֮⣬иߵͲͬʮСɽǻ壬һ
ʮɽ֮⣬߲߲ı⻤֡(С˵͵Ҷӡ~)ĴڣֳƷҲδܹƿ⣬ɱʮɽȥ
ʮɽ֮⣬ټĶ츣ֻʣһƬˡҶʶɢȥ߮˷ԲûܿһСڡܿܣ츣½ءȫе
ǴֱʣİҶɲɵһĴָޡ
һ·ϣҶɺȥʮܳ۱Ķ츣ءЩ츣صˣеľȻﵽɼǣȴû˭šѸ츣أӪ
Ҷɵ۹⣬Ȼóɽ֮١ǿϮɽʮɽͻ뺣ס޾󺣡ͻữǿˮϵƣ˸ڴ÷
ˣ治׽ȵط֥ģǷ飬ŮζҲʵԡǣһˡѹ㣬㣬Ҳʲôϡ顣
֥ûҶɣҶҲǵһμ֥˵Ҷܸö೤ۣҪ׽յءǣҶһĴָһ󣬾ĿƽĿ֥ȴ֥ɽͨ
ӣ֥Ӿˡ
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ӵһۿҶɣ֥ͷ֣ΣҶɵʵΪҶɵ֣Ҳ֥ʶҶߣǸĿ棬ԶԸĽɫ
ֱڣ֥⽫Ҷ⴦츣кʶҶɿһ
Ҫ羳ԼҪǿù㽻ѣǿԮûĸ羳ܹƾͶԽ
ÿһ羳ĽζζսȷѪꡣ֥ĲԮҪԡڣҶƺһֵһǿڡ,
Ҫ֥֪Ҷɵľֻһ죬ֻһ죬ö࿴ҶһۡڣȴҪŻߵӭҶɽˡ
򺣸֥Ҷߣ롣
ָ֥һ㣬һʹ˵Ľ£һֱ쵽ɽɽԼ֮䣬ɽ֮ϣִ
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ӭ֮ǿԹƻԪڵ֮
Ҫ֪ħŵĵ̡ûĸԡ򺣡Ϊ
ԪĴڣľԲһ㡣ƾ֮ҼԪľ֮ѡ
ǣ֥͸ҽԼΪ򺣸֥⺱֮Ϊӭֻ֥֮һĴڶѡǣȻǷħ֮䣬ҲȻŲɸ˵Ĺϵ
Լ䣬Ȼͷһ˲õĴڰħ֮䣬ǵУѣ
ҶҲȥٸףһƽģ֥粢磬˳Žֱɽ
ɽ֮һûʵĹҶʶã⹬ĽϣһЩ֮ȹһյְչ
⹬һȣʯֱéݡҶɰԸ̾
ΡĹҶɾһ롣Ҫؽṩһõ
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Ҷɱۣǣȴû˵
û˵Ҳ͵Ѿ˵ˣһĿ羳ǿԸħᲢ۵ġ棬ħ֮ϡĲҲˡɴ˿ɼҪ˹ҪĴۡ
֪ҶûԽ뷨ңҶ뷨ҲһӾͽһ羳֮£ʮġǣȴܰҶɽȴ
ܽǾֻ
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Ҷ磬çײݵȻ;̽еǰδһƬ𵴣Ҷ硭
δҶɵȻ΢Цûδ
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֥֪ǰҶߣıԼĹ֪Ҷ޵Ǽ֮вӿҲͬ޾ϲԴ⡣
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֮ܳءҲ̺ͬ꾡ѡֻЩԼģǲġҪһļԼ޸
Ҷɱй䣬ûʲôĿꡣǡڿɽǣۺ⹬֮Ŀꡣ
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ҶȻ򺣸ĹǣҲ֪Լڵʵ档Լܼǰǣ棬ڳ޸λ֮ǰо
Ψлʰ壬һ
ҶȥɵˣƷбԴԼʩչ֮˾ߴ࿹⡣нУó硢Сɵǵһǿ࿹⡣
ƷԴ֮ҪܹøƷ׵бԴڻԵʵʱлʰףԼܸɣɣ࿹⣡
Ҷ˵֥ɵ΢΢һа룺ѲɣʹȻ
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СҶҲϻۼΣ
Ҷ˵ƷӲ˵㡣Ҳһ֥֪Ҷɵ뷨ԹԵЦŷţҶѡ̸
Ҷɵ˵ͷ֮йκ
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ˡĪǵʲôϢӦð֪Ϣģ˶ѡ
ϣ֥ȴǺ򶨡֪ҶȻ档,
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καȲ򺣸ԻҪԼʯٺֻ֮棬ҲҪĹˡ
֥һ˼Ȼһӣһ⻪ӰͳҶɵǰҶ뿴⼸֮Щ
һƵһķһѳ
ҶɵĿ⣬һӾͱǰѽ˹ȥѽƣֻֻ֮ǣ⻪ӰУֵĶֻӰѡҶҲ⽣ǷҲֻǵȴڡ
ǰ˽񽣣оϣƺе⾳
Ҷߺ˽ۣǧƷʯ֥˿
Ҷѡǿ鷽Ҫú˼һ£ǲҪƣҶɸնɱˡ
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ǵ·ϣѾħһЩţƬ򺣸ĶȷʵЩ˼Ҷɲı򺣸ıҲѾǲˡ
ܼٿƷʯһħķ˿ΪΣ
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֥Ҫ˵Щ׼õĻʱʹסˡ(ӭ֧֣Ķ744.
ʵٿƷʯҶȻûУԻŸˡһ·Ҷϰˡ
һΣҶɷҪ׳һħķ˿档
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һħķ˿Ȼ࣬ʤںֵٿƷʯ߳١úһǧļۣҲʲôϡ顣
ǣ֥ģת־Ϳ߼ۡǣԼǡþҪʵ廯ħһͻơ
ˣˣôƫƫóһħķ˿أ
ҵĵͻƣҪ֪֮Ҳǵط޹ǰɹԩˡ
ֻڣѡ˿ǡ
֥˰ΣŲ˼Цѽ֥ʧ̬ˡôı֥ʧأҶ߼Цˡ
޷Ҷ΢΢ЦⶫļֵӦƷʯ֮ϡǰĶ࣬ҶĳҲøԿڣ֪ƷˮϵԴ䡣
Ҷɻ塣ֻ֥֥ҡҡͷЦҶǿϰ֥һæƷʯı͵֥͸ҶߵļƷˮϵԴ䣬֥ҲѸ֪ڣ֥ԳҶȡƷˮϵԴҶΪΣ
ƷʯҲǰƷļˡټһƷˮϵԴϢԹһƷļ񡣿ν
Ҷɵȵľ֥һ仰Ҫı򺣸ı͵ø򺣸ùϵʱԽ뵽С
Ȼȵ仰ҶȴûмſӦ˼һ˵أҪѰҪʲôΣ顣ΣҶĳǲ¡Ҷĳûʲôʱ䣬ΣͿҪˡ
޷޷֥ЦݸʤҶҪһӦҪĴأҶ߲µûȷȥѰֻǱڵĵطʱתǧꡣֻһѡΣĿʱ䣬ü
Ҷ΢΢һĳʱ֮ǿߣĿռλ棿
һ죬ǧꡣǲʱ֮ǿڣ顣Ҷɶʱ֮ˡҲֻмԪڵĿռλ棬ܴﵽЧ
ǿ߻ţ֥ԲҽȥÿǿߣԼĿռλ޵еĴڡ˵ʱ֮ǿߣȫʤǿüʱ䣬Լ󼰵ĵˣɱڿռλ֮С
Ψǿˣ֥Ÿҽȥ,
ǿ߲䣬ռλȴǼ亱顣Ҫƴʱκǿ߶棬ֶԣ͸֧ռλǿоһս
ȻҶߡ֥ЦصĿռλ棬ռѾˣҲ̫áһ꣬Ҳʮʱ䣬Ǿͱ뿪
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ȷҶɺʱ䡣
Ϊλʱ޷ָԭǲܼˡǣȴܾȴ
Ҷ޵Ǽ֮Ϣȷˡͺñ򺣸֥ûпҶʱҶɾѾϰһЩֶΡߣֻҸܴҶɾһֱںһɱһ׼ˡ
ҲͬԽƽ׵ʱ䣬硢ΪûʲôƿԣǵıŴɣ...ǿȥھԲһѡ
ڣ׼ҶɣҲͬѶעѹҶϡκι˼ɣҪһɳ죡
ʣʱ䣬ܹɼ
ˣΣðգ͸ӵװȫߵȼ棬Ҷɺʵ̫СǧսĴʱ䣬¶ֻˡ
ǣҶ˵ֱʡ
ȺؾѰ֪ģ˵Լ֥ʶãཻ֥ĺѣ֥Ҳ׸֪ɡ
ȻҶǱĬģӰ֥֥ǣҶȴȷţԼһȥ᲻֥ǿߣʹɱ֣
Ҷ֪֮
׿ۣ֮Լɶǿߣδôù˵ɼĴˡȻɽ𣬿ΪֶεáҪɽҪɱˣԼܣ
ؾɾûôȫˡǿߵĿռλγɵؾֻһڶѡĻϲ⣬Լȥˣ;Գ
֥гֻ΢΢ЦţһŽӲӵķ
ħﾪȵĴһ
ӽ׿ʼһֱͨҶͽͶӰע顣Ҷѡʵϣʶ㣬򱦸ǿߣҶѡ
ȺѡʮȻҲ̾ģȴûʧ̬ġҶɲĿ˿ʱ䣬Ȼ򡭡(ӭ֧֣Ķ745.
ԭħԴ˷ģȷʵҶĳİҶɵ˵ͷ
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ħǼΪһַ˷ӵͨ쳹֮ܣԵ֮ɱΥԵǿߡħģĴڣҲΥԡ
ַ֪ڵģҲǽڡ֥Ҷ۹͵Ҷǽ𼶴ˡ
֥ȻܸˣǣҶȴһת˵Ҷĳܺ棬ҶĳȲպ֮ˣҲӦôδҶĳ֡μ棬һ֪Ҷĳ޵ĺֵ֪Ҷĳͨܣ֪ҶĳƷΣΪʲôͻȻ׳һô
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𣬲սơǵܻѰһĴڡ
ǣûĸĴڣҸ𵥴
𣬵޵СνԳ档˵ľִڣ
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һĨɫ֥Ŀӹ
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ֱڣҶɻĲΪ˺򺣸ĹҶҲҪ뷽跨Ū֡
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Ҷٴζݡ(ӭ֧֣Ķ746.
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ҶΪζЦЦЦ𶼿²͸ˣŵ˵ͷЦðɣȻ˵ˣҾһˡС֥İɡ
ԭһСĽҶɣȻǻƤЦ֥Ͳɵý΢΢һֺܲõĸо
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۷ڣ϶ܿҶѾʩˡڵȴֻܹӲд

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ȵȡҶɺȻ֥ķģС֥ɲС㲻Σ֮СҪʹҵľ磬ǻҵĵġֵΣ
֥Ŀࡣ
ô٩٩̸ʱ˭ʹ֪šұ֤Ϲ·Ϳ
Ҷģûɵģ֥;һķã㣬˵ôģҾôġ
Ȼ󡭡Եķġ֥߻صģûȥȴģЩ˹
ֵҶɷˣһ˵ҶѡҲ÷ˡʵ硢Ϊǿɡ
ҶɺǺһЦ˸ղͻģ֮Ҳ֮
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̾˿˵ѹҶҪС֥ģȻˡҶѣ޵һС֥Ѿ˰ɡ
۾ҶɺǺЦţ˴Ĵָ,
ûһҶѣҲҪ̫⡣ħЧֻܳʱ䣬Ͳ£Ϸ鷳
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˵ңɱˣң񣡡
ŭ֥Ҷɵ壬ģ
Ҳɫ΢䣬˵ͷ
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֥˸ƣҪҶ뿪
ղ֮ģ֥û취ԸҶɡ˵֥ˣ򺣸ǿߣֻԮҲܶҶɳ֡෴ģ֥ȫ壬ԲܶҶа㲻ħһͷ˭Ҫҷ
֥ʮգѾףΪʲôҶɻȻƤЦĥ͸ˡתߣԼûȥ׷Ҷɵ״ǻˮ㣬Լġ
ģ޷찡֥벻ʲôܵġ
ֻǣ֥֪Լֻ뵽Ҷɵһ⣬ȴû뵽
֥Ǹ˵ƣҶɸûҲֻ֥ģ˫Ŀӡ
ʱ䣬ձüŹ֡
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˴ɣ
ҶͲסʯУƳһۡ(ӭ֧֣Ķ747.׼
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Ҷ˵Ļ֥ȴĵҶɡ
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԰ݣô󡣾ܺãҲԻһĸλ棬ܳ׽Ҷɵš
ҶɵĴ㣬Ҳ԰Ϊϡƻ굤һƷݣƳ굤ˣ㹻Լʹá
ǣˡõϢ㣬ҶûϵҪȡΣеľƷݣͱȡʱؾеݡ֪ˡ֥ʱӦðѷȡҲӽȥŶԡ
ҶɱϾȫ֪ȫܵģҲֻˡmmԤԡûǰԤ⵽ЩһУ⡣
ǣҶҲûκξɥ֮⡣ǺһЦ˵ã޵С
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֥ҲѾףҶ֮ԻΪйصĵ˵룬һǿߵĹǣ֥ǿƲԼÿҶɶһ̣Ͷෳһ̡,
Ҷ֥֮ԭزģ˺ܾã΢΢̾˿˵ѹүү˵ʱ棬ռȴȲġһȻɶ񣬵ǣȴ֮ʤ֮ܰ
֥εҡҡͷ񵤡ԭϥ

ȥʱؾ֮ǰҶҪѺٺáʱ䣬ԼǸᡣǣԺ˵ȴһꡣȰѺӸλתƳٺãȻܳ
ħҪһЩˡһŨͥԺҶɽʯ˳ϧһдۣ
ǣˣħشúܼû˿˼
ȺֻҲӸλгħȥǿ϶ΪŪöˡģ㡣
٣ϻôࡣҪȥȥҲչˡħٺһЦλһź΢ʯΧȻ󣬽ģʧˣʯʧˡͥԺ֮УԭĻľʯʯʣʲôﶼڡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷȺֻؾص˸λԭ·˻ȥ
Ҷɻδִ֥Ȼ˫ۣߣȥȡʲôˣٺõıҲԱס
𣿡һ̣ҶЦĳ֥ǰ㷢ǲڲˣ벢սȫԸ
֥û˹ȥԸԼħȻԼסˡ
ߣ֥ǿŭ⣬˵գҲܹܵס㡣ȵΣ֮ã޹أҲǻã
С֥ɲСҶɹЦȥ޵Ŀǿ֮л굤Ҳѹħ֮ذ
֥һ㶣üͷô֪޵ǿ֮
Ѳ𣿡ҶɹŪ飬Ҳͣ˰ˣǻҪսꡣȻңǣһҪһô
ħķ˿֥Ʈȥ֥һ㶣鲻ɵø(ӭ֧֣Ķ748.֥
ħķ˿Լ˷ħţôܹƾħħķšǻ굤Լ͸ȥͻһϡ
ǣȴǿɶ֮͵ģ֥ôҪ
֥һҧҪܾǣҶȴ׼֥ؼ㣬֥㿪ʱҶɾͺȻһƮȻԶȥ°ɣ˱ѡ
֥һģȥ˿ץġ
˿ģ֥ŷ֣ԼˡԼȻȫҶƿء
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ޣ˵ʲôءҶЦֻΪ˱ѣ˭ҪǺӶʨķģ
ǣһһէġ֥Ƕ꣬ҪҶ񿩡
˵ûҶڼǽ֥Ūڹ֮СҶҪ֥ķģദȫпҵᣬ롣
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ҲĬȻԣһ۾ֿʼĬĬ

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סҶɵ˵ͷ
ԤԣҶɻдôɲǺһ˵ԸĻꡣȷҶִ֡ɵҡƿأֻҪϹǿĻܴ֥꣬ƬĻռ䡣
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ڵҶɣͿǵԷҪǱ֥ӲһżӶݣ̸ϻַ
ǣΪĵֻҪȳУɶҶҪҲӵһƷɶҶ
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ǣûǸȥûɵͷһҡͺһ֥ԼҪʲôɲĴƵá
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С֥ôǰǿˣǾȻǰ˳Ǳ
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ðɣȻ㲻ʵҲ˵ʲôƵɣҲǶ໨Щʱ䡣Ҷʼ磬ûٱ֥
㡭Ŀ˳ǱЩĻ꣬ҲûǱġ֥ǲġ
Ȼ֥Ѿ֣Ҷɵʶǿò񻰡ԼһǿߡȻܿķΧԶҶɹ㡣
ǣһΣ֥ȴһϣҶɵ750.ˣ
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ͷȻ˳ǣȴһǿѹҶɣҶɼǿվԭأһ
һͷӲɵóԾףСӣϵٰܻȻܹס˵ѹ
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ǺǣСӣµûֵܡдȡݣҲ顣ݶȡ֣ٲãֵܡҲЩô
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˵ţҶɾͽδʼľж˿顣ССĲ֫˹ȥ
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ҶɱԼĵ˵ĽǰԼ϶ԿϸԼٶȣ϶һǧ޷
ˣȻǡ顱ն顱顱顱顱ǣ˶ЦǺǵģէȥ˸֮䣬ȫǣҶȴǳˣͳԽ顢ն顢顢顢飬뵽Բͨĵزˡ
Ҷֻ֪־磬ȴԶûдﵽ־硣ڵԴӼ֮УȡǣҪˣն飬塭
仰˵ռǿżƣͷӣԿԽײ࣡Ҷɵĵǲ֮Զĺܣ
ҶɿףͷӸԼͬһˣǶԵ⣬Զ硢ΪĴڡͽֱ̣֮ϲ
ҶԽǸˣ֥Խǲˡ
үүǻȥȥɰ˰Ǹɴͽܣˡ
С֥ˡ鲢գǺЦǱҶС˵ϼһ֣ҲܴùȥҶСӣǳҲˡô죬⡣
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ֻ֥ǾίҶȴͼֵĬĬһۣﶼΪ̾
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Ҷû뵽ǣͷѾʮ졣Լǵû¿סԼҡ
ɫǣԶ㣡֥һλشҶɸ˸顣
ԶҶɵӰһֳЦҡͷ
ʮԼ֥񣬼ֱǸϲɫ.ǡֻҪһ֥ԼͲëëšԼѾƴڻͷӵ⾳ˣǣÿһλ⡣ȴӼҵķƣԽԽ⡣
ҶҲǲ֥Զ㣬ǣ֥ͺһ޴ĴʯԼã뿪
Ǽϼһʵ̫ˣռλѾû취ⲻΪҶܿ࣬зĿҶ类꾫̳ͱڵءʵͳȥ֥ǧУж˿ˡ
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ǲĿҶɣӵԤ֮ܣҲԤⲻҶɵĺ«ʲôҩ

֥֪ҶȻԵõģںԶĵط֡һڽѹס֥ɵɫ԰ףа뵽ǱӦ뺦Ҹ˽ȥ
ʱ֥û뵽ԼΪʲôĪ顣ڵΨһ롪
үү˵Σաһ᲻Ҳ˵ӹһ٣
ʱ˿̣֥Ҳֻôˡ̧ۿȥɸ߸ϡһҪԼүүǿᡣʱ˿̣үү֡Ҳֻøҵ³
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һָо¶ˡҶҲٹֻЦ˵Ҵ˼ѹҵĵˣܶʩչκֶΣֻܱסǣЩ𡣡
ȥ⣬ĸ˵ĵ൱ֻо΢ǿôһ㡣ʱҾ롣ĸ˵൱˵ֵܼӦĳͬЭ׵ĹΪʲôƫƫСӣĸֵͬأ
ֻֿܡҪôһҪôǾȻʣͽңںжϡ
һ͸Ȼ˵ֵܱܶѣˣܸͻơҿ飬ҲΪԼĽԲŰѼֵܶ˰ɡ
ˣѾ군ˡģǿĴڣҲһҡ˵ĸҪôһߡң黹ǿİִڡ,
ǣҶǸĪЦݣһθ˳
ֻôһϷֵǴԶܹ԰ꡣϷĻϷں档
װŪֵĺҶһۣҲٶѯʲôҶߣſϷˡ

ʱ֥;Լ϶ΣڿһͷϷ硣
ôܣүүôͬɱң֥૵ţһƬң֪ǰĵ棬Ǵ١
޷ЦҲ̫ļˡΪʲôҪɱҪûɾͺŪˡܶ˽úõһȥŪǸϲİɣ~
һƤܰף۸׵ĽɣҡŰȣӦ͵޷ԣ⡣Һ󹬼ȴǡǡûμ˰㾡ܷġҵ̵ùԹԵģֳʲô¶ˣ~~~
ɣҲһЦ˵жôжô
ǶģżƤ˵Ҷ磬ҪģϷȻ֥ж񱨣ϷҲ̫ѿˣﲻٿȥ
ͿңϢһϷŸոտݣ滹ءҶ΢΢Цţʾұ۾Сһ
ӣĺģױѲɣ֥зĻ᣿ҿҪúÿ
ﳯˮȥʱܶѾ֥צӡɵѹ֮£֥ܹŭĿŲܶˣû취
ܶЦС椣㲻ҪҡҪɣ͵ľүүȥɡҲֻܶˣẦˡңͿԳຣˡ
ܶЦͺǴһ㡣֥ƤۿžҪ£
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ܶƣֱ˷һǡɵòҽһӸ߿з
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޷ˣһ߼նϮһŭĿԲɣݺݵĿž顣ֻҪһش𲻺ãǾͻʹɱ֡鲢óǿôľ޷Ἰһ֣Կɱ飡
ֻޱʼ磬˵˵ˣٰɱնӶݣʱˡ
޷ɵŭΪʲô˵Ѿˣ
ʱܶѾ׹ɽ֪ɶ£ԼҪǲܶ˺󳾡ֻһģ˸ʽĵȫס꣬Ʈڡ
֮乥ֶΣȫ깥ҶɵˣѹˡԾˣҲΪҵ˵꣬˳֡
ֻǣ겻ȹ̬ڣԭʱƮڡ˽֮ǿߣȻңҲΪֻо޷Щ֪֮ΣյǿߡףʱĲĹľԼꡣ
סԼ꣬סԼʶܷնɱ
޷Ҳ֪֮ǿߣľУϮɱˡˣҲ׼ףԼôأҲ϶ܵ׺һ
ȻȻе壬޷ἸǾ֮⡣Ȼ仯˼ɫʱ䣬ӿͷ޷˿һͻеĵӲĽԼꡣնȥһ飡
ϷһϷˮ֮ǰҶɲƽоû뵽һС׳ʿ󣬹ع඾
Ҳüɫ裬ս²ŸոտʼѾ˾ʣ
Ҷ磬ʲôйع඾һĿתĶˮһ̡
Ǻǣعһ˲õ£ΨһͽܽġϷˣҶٸ㽲һζĴϷҶɹЦţȫעĶˮŹκһϸڡ
Ҷ˵һ̺Ҫ
ǰҶɾѾ֪Լļ֮򡢼ܣᱻʶƵֻǣһֱ֪ЩƵԼļ֮
Ѿ֪˼֮ôƽ⡣
նԼ꣡
ѣζ̾رǶڽɼ˵Ѿ˹̷ΪĽ׶ΡѵòӣѾ𲽰壬Ҳ˿˿ߣЩƬơЩƬ䵽һλ棬ЩƬѹɼҲܹԼ֮ڡ,
Щ˿ߣ٣˿߲ϡ仰˵岻٣겻
ȻµĴڣն֮У͵ðաΪû壬ܽƬԼ󶨡
Ȼǽɣն֮УҲҪðżķաϾֻǿʼ̷Ϊ壬Ѿȫ塣һǲ͵ƬҲûҲһܱ׻
޷ˣԼͬնʱܶҲͬն꣬ɽֻǣǷɹ޷˲սɫֻʵģԶݣ
֮ݣ֮졣ҶɵˮȻѽռ価Уȴֻס˲ܶ˰ٷ֮һɲǵӰҶɺҲҲǲܶ˵ڡ
һӵù죡ʮֲţ˫֮Уɱ
￴ܶӶŮޣǲŮ꣬ĶŮ޵Сʵδ϶ԸһոտʼĺϷ׷ɱܶ˶ȥ
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һԤԣһޱȵȷţԼ仰ǶδԤԡ
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ﻰ䣬Զһ޴졣ˮ֮Уܶ֡
οһԾаǲܶ˽ʣ°ߵ壬ҶȻЦ
һ·ϣҲмԤʵ֡ǣ֥ʵֵԤˡһΣէ֣ųڣܶ˾Ѿð֮ٶȣֱǰδС
ҲЦݸӲá(ӭ֧֣Ķ755.һϷ£
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һֱﶼ֪Լ˵Ļ棬һԤԣһѰ֮ԡֱǼ
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Եİťʹ󱨸
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⻹⼸ֵܡҲһģҪ⼸ֵܡɵҶЦ˵
Ŷ˵ʵ顣ʵʯᣬͼıߣһһȻ
㻹ҪҶҡҡͷһϷֻǵ˸.ѣûн
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ܶ˵ȫն顢鹥ĽɣһһʥƵľɱ֮ɱ
֥ЦţҲΪԼľүүʵ˸壬Ҫ޷ˣһ򾡡
ǣ֥Цݣȴûг̫áԶ˲ƶˣ֥׹꺮֮С⵽ڣ͸
ˣȷն顣ǣʱն飬ȴѾ˿ܣ
ǺǣС֥ҲˣǲǴ֮ðһССɣҲܿ
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Ѿ˴ˣѾ͡˵֥Եģ֮ľ顣㻻һǿߡֻĴڣʱҲѾΪΪģ֥ꡣ
ҲˣڣֳʮңԶڣ߻һǿ
Ҷ磬ΪʲôΪʲô˵ţ֪ѯʡʶ߽
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ٺ٣˵ĺãҶ˴ĴָѾ𽥽ӽһϷĿ,
ЩãĿҶɣȻ;ͷһ
Ҷ磬㣬˼ǡ
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ҶǰǸСŮҶɡҶ硱һֶδİƣҲһַĵĸд
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ĸֵܣҲǴ㰵ġڣĸ֮䣬ҲҪ໥㣡ȻǱЦǺǵģէȥѾ˼תĵǣǱϾֻǽһ죬Խ˾磬ҲܴﵽԲľ磡
һ˵ԼжϣһͨԼղ˵ֲ˵жϣѿڶʱԼ֮䣬֣ԼƺҪͻˡ
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貵Цݣſ
Ҷ磬ˣˡֻ֮£Ԥ֮Ҫֻֻ磬ȥĥһ
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ҲҶɸԼѵڼʶһϷҶɶΣ֮ã͸ӵĽСġμΣǧսǿߣȼͬľءѱЩǿ棬Ҳƾ޷ǿߡ
޷ǱʥơɱɵıˡǣǾ޷𱻾ƭȫѷǰ֮ն顢ϣȻر֣Ҳô׵֡
ҶҲơʥơıǣҶѾúףԼҲܴһϷеľ棬Լûлʹı
֮ǿߣǿ档һ޷Ծˣֲˡѹˣ޲ߡѹ֣ѹ֡ǰ֮лʰ塣أǺĶ֮УҲģǿ壬ǿķţ
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ǣֻ֮Ҷɾһ֣лʰƿˮ׼һ̨סԺҲᱻٲƣֻǱЩٸɣײ
ӱɿȥվȣٵʮٵڣ˿ƮȻԶȥҶɵĽǴԽԽľ
Ҳ˺üʱ䣬ռһƬרҲǿĴƴǣûм˭ԽԽǿԽԽ˿ġ
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ҰҲãʡ˷ʱ䣬ȥµֶ󡣡ҶһЦţһ籩ƵõĹʱ䣬æҵģһֱ鲼ǧռľϵ򣬶ò˽зԲĴС,
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һ֮ǿ˹Ҷ֪ʵԼѾˡԭԼѾ⣬Уٶüܡǣڣȴòʳԡ
һˣȴԴһ֪˵һ㣬Ӷߴ
һݣȻҵ»һҲɶܹȥ
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һУҶɸǶ˵Ҷϼ塱֣кö౻ҶնɱǿߣҲΪҶǿ塣
Ҷ˵ٰݣǣȴҲмںٻҶϼĴҡҪǲɱҪ
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Ҷܹqȴܿqļ֮£֪qǽһеݡ
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ʱ˿̣ҶɺͽqˣԤδΡֻ֪ʱ˿̣˵أѾΪ֪ѡ
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Ҷɵ۹⣬߳q̫ࡣ۴ббͨûq˼
qҲܿףҶɿѾʲôѾȥĽŲ˻qĵȴҶɣǸˡ
qǸŵǿߣǸԵǿߡȻѾͬҶɣôͻԵͬȥȻѾоͨʱ䣬ǣһҶɣͬҶɣû˿ɡ
Ҷһоͨ״һ߷ĶãԴŽqԽǴԽǶΪ»֮ĹܸȤ
ҶɸȤĹǲ࣬Уɱ˼ҲջһЩšǣЩţҲƳһۡӽռλ棬öо
»֮ȴҶɾáƺԼ޵йءqͬڳ˵ĸԣ¾ܵ⹦Ӱ졣
һֹһǿߡ˴ֵģսթ֮ģҶĬĬŽqǽڳӰ֮ģѾʮȷֹԼĵҪá
ԴҶɿʼ֮黹ͷһ⡣򱦸ҲھǣҲûܸδŪʲô֮йĶ
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ϸоббͨʱ֮Ҷɵϣ¶Цݡ
ع㶨ˡ»֮ҲͬԸ㶨ˡ
ҶɵЦݡqϲʵҶѣѾ
ûҶɵͷ˵·Ҳԡֻܴعǣȴֱȥ
ǸôߣqЩͿ

Ҷ΢΢һЦȲٿɽȥббµͨתԶɫȥ
ҶûɫΣqͬ׹⿪Ӳ˶֮Уȫƾȥɼ˵пܻᵼ¶壬塣ڣЩλп͸ռλ棬¿ռ޷ȹ̡,
ʱqԵԸ񣬾͸ֵ쾡¡ɣ̾͸ȥ
ǰҶȻû˵ҲûлͷǣȴԽĸ̾ˡ
ԽߣԽࡣֵܣǰѾʼ໥ơ
qĴڣʵ̫ˡܹһҲǺ
Ҷ޵Ǽ֮˺Խ࣬ԵԽкôqϸ»֮ۿҶ˵ֻҪqദһʱ䣬Ҳջࡣ
һ·֮Уй޳ֻ֡һֻֻԼߣǣȴޣǰ
ʲôôûҶĽqǳȡ
qɫУ˰ʱ䡣ɫֻСӶڣ˵ʲôˡû룬Ҷһ·Ȼͷޡ
ǼȴڣҲڡҶɵĻشýqԽ⡣Ըֱʵǿֻ֪ҪҶͺˡҪǿҾ͸ŸɡҪǱ۾壬Ҳ⡣
q֪ǣΪԼֱʵԸ񣬲ɹҶɡͷǵǿߣ˹ֻҪһʲôóʲôͻʧȥҶɵټ
ʱ˿̣ҶȻˡʵڣޡ״ֻ̬ͬ״̬ǿߣܸҶɵĽŲһҶɣʩչʲôҪұһ£ͻ״̬ɴġʵʴڡӶʧȥҶɵټ޷ټȥ
Ҷɺ޷ģֱЩȥqҲ̼ӿŲҶɵ󡣺ޱΣʼܸҶɣûд״̬֮
̲סҶɾеָһ½qˡνҲԼڽqϣ˺ܶࡣ˶ãԼоһ½qĶŹڣԼҲӦرŶԡ
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ҶĿо˸Եͷҵȷûпˡ
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ǻ󡢻ʱմ֮Ҷҡҡͷ˵ԶʱǿҲǸԶľʱĹڣȷƣȵߵýˣǿģǵµľ󡣡
ΪͻѺܶۡǽ֮ˣпڱƽеĻʱʲôǿơ
Ҷһ˵ţһһֻǹ֮ϣĺҶɰһž޴šȻ󣬾ͱҶָӵʲôȥˡ
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ʱҶҲѾЩԫϱУƲ˵⹬ڵķϹƬ֣֪⹬ˣǼԪĴڡ
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ͺ񵱳͸ġҡ֣ϢģǧūͺϹܡֻʻ㣬ҲͬԲЧ,
ֻǣҪۺʱεأЧҲͶֱܹӰ쵽ɼĴڡҪӰ쵽ɽ֥ȼԪɼĴڣǵý辰
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ֻǣҶûϵϡԼϣõ֤
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Ӧþǵعqǰ߹·˵ع֣ǾŹԵĸ֡ҼǵãԪϲָ֣ѵع֮ǹԪŵǿߣ
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֮ˣò䡢֡ЩԻ̥ʱ򣬾ϲϵģЩȴŹֵĿᰮ֮ͯǣܿܣòϵģʦܡͯģģȴʦ֡
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һǿߣӦһֻɺףһ壬ɫΡֻֻɺף̰ͨɫɫʮֵĹŹ֡ɫ֮󣬾綾ɫηǵûʴ壬˽ȥ
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֮ʱһҲŸ䷨֮󷨡
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ԭƬǣԪһ㣬ȻǿǰӡǸqһڿ࣬Ƶ޴йĴ٣Ҳܹ˿
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һǿҲһȥҲ͵Ϯȵٸǿ֣ԼӶӲ
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ͯӵҲ֪ͨţΪҲΪ˸ȫʦүĵع
ȻǰⷽԲʮûĴڣǣԶĵطȴԪǿߡԼ֪ͨţλǰ϶ͻᾪЩǿߡԹԪڵ״ʵԸ࿹⡣ʱԼʦүĵعȴֻܰװױš
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һһȥԼ˳ʱ䡣ʦүĵعƾǵعķϮԼҲֵܵһ
ͯӵȷʵȫֻϧΨ©ҶɡϵõʦүǳѰ·ĵعȻҶ̤롣
ͯӸûϵǣʦү֮ʱ֪ΨһŲصĵعǿƣҲҶɸ
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ҿýɣĴڣҲһն֮һķΪʲôҸеļ£
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ҶʵѾȫǳ塣ΪһǣɡϸҶǰˡ
ǳǣûʲô֮ǣɵ֮ǣȴǬ

꣬Ҷɾǿ֮ϵĹn󷨣ǽԣʤǿݺ֣һΡ
Ѿкܳʱ䣬ҶҲûжùˡżľսδ𣬾ʤﻹпܣ˵
һΣΪƽѽбԴ⣬Ҷһζ˹
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ӵ˾ıԴƷȻ͡ȻԴƷյľ硢ûһϸĶӦǣҶɿԿ϶ʼľı塣ƷǼƷľϵԴ
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q֪Щֻ֪ԼǴ۽ˡ
͸ף⡭Դӱõ»֮֮ӵ˽˫ϵҲûָо
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qĿ񣬽qԴĹ֮ãԴ۹⣬ǿţ
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ǰǶ·ϣҶɵĵ㲦qֻ¶΢˽ôһ㡣Լоֲ˼һƳѾýqԸӣͶء
֣ҶһЦֻ֮Ƿ֣ʵϣȴǷ˵عеı
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ڣһĲ࣬Ȼˡ
ҶɵĳʱqҶɣѾڿֵԼ׷ǿߡ
Ҷɵĳû뵽бԴУȴû⵽бԴǿʱqǼᶨԼ
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ԼһӦԽռһֻԼŶ㵽һȥζţӵ
ڣ·Ľ⣬չֳģʵζţӵ


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ԽǿԽζֵ׷档
Ҷǰ˵ķû뵽бԴ֮ڡ
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ڣȻ֮䡣Ҷɾͷ֣ԼȻq˼ղסqˡͺ񣬵q¶ģҪΪҶɵĻūһɲǣĵȻľȻǿ
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ڣҶճΪ챦Ǳ湬֮Сȴû뵽⹬챦
Եֿ֮챦治֪ʲôq⹬պˡδ֮·һһϣ
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ͯһȣؽҶ߹·ߣ˹ȥ

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ԣƭһΣƭҵڶΣ
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ټʮԪǿɵĹԪΣԼҲܼʱ׷ɱ
һУƺͯǿߵƵСֻû뵽ϾȻҶĴڡĴģȻ˷ʤͯʹ׷ɱȥ󣬽ע

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qֻزͬǣqǻūΪūѯ˵ĵϸֻĬĬĸҶɵнű𽣣׼һɱ
Ҷɺͽq֪ƭͯӺأֻǿʼ滹һսڵȥӲ
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ڣȴ˴󵨵ģӸλн˳Ƿãȥ̽·ߣȷ档
˵ʶȫϵڷϡпԼڷϵȫ˷ϡǣȻˣøһû貵Ĺâ֮У̲Ӱ
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ӰӵĴУڻ֮еҶɵˣûһܹǣǣâ貵ĵطȴһصĴڣ۾

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ǵӰ״Ĵڣǿܶõ桢ޣӦҲʮǿ󡣵ǣܲź桢ޣγһսôпܽҶɸ
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Ǹ״̬Ȳˣȴˡһ֮ģһ˿֮ģΪʲôⷬģ
溣ǿǣҶɵȴᶨɡֻǣǵӰӵʵ˸ŨȤҶɲܹǵӰӹܴͨ͸ۿǰǵ룬ھΪʲôǵӰӣӵǿĿ֮ܡ
ڣҶɲòǰĳ溣
Ҳһô࣬ƽҪһӮ˳溣ԽԽսҶɷǵûһ˿һĽţǺǺЦţӶȤ
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һɼȣ͵סʮֻɼ׳ɵӴս󣬸ǵӰ֣
֮ͨӽǿȥֻһѪɫԲ̣һδμٵĳ׳սײȥÿһײ󣬾ͻȵļ׳ȥ
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ǵӰǻ۳ʱɫ϶쳣ѿ𿴼׳սӵʮֻ׳棬ÿһײʧֻ׳档ǣҪ֪ɼĶײÿһɲ֮䣬ͻʮΡɲǵʱ䣬׳
սҲ󷨵һ֡ȻģǿɵսҲǿɵһͬȱ㡣ǾǣһǿߴλôսǵЧĵ֮ۺڶǿߵĹ֮սеǿǣǿɣ
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էȥ׳սѪĶײΪѪ̫ԵЩסײ֮ļ׳ǣ׷䡣ǣʵϣȴΪԿؽϲļ׳ǣڶײ֮ʱ񱩵սŪƫȷλã³˲е֮
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ȿ͸ǵӰӵ˼֮Ҷɣôܿ
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ˣִֻڣʩչܣܽΪںϽ֮֮ȥ˾оҲûʩչ
֮еǵӰӣҲѰɫоһС֮Ͱ°ɵģ˹
ҿ˵ǲܶսڣҵ󷨣ҲᱻСѾͷɻ𣿡ǵӰӵУһ
κ󷨣ֻòɱĴҲ϶Ҫȡ֮򣬵ƾٿ󷨵ǿṩǿԼʩȥˡˡ
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ŵɼǰ벽ʥɵĳŵȻȻģͻԼγһεԼ֮Լ֮Ȼǣñŵǿߣһ򼸸ƿȴʮּ򵥡
ҪǵӰӣǰ״̬ôҲνܲƿšϾίķΪƿȣƿʲô
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Ҷһ߸̾ţһȥǸǧ۳ۡ
ˣ˳ǧӰҶÿ춼̶ʱ䣬ǧţֻҪĵԽ࣬ԼսͻԽǿ㱾ʱ᲻ǿߣҲ޲ߡ
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ЩǿߡֻרһҲֻǳֹй
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˵Ҷɸλ״޷ֻлʰ壬ܳԽƣǿĴӲӲ
ԵʣҶôȥѧľȭˮȭѸ湦أһܵҶɱޡǰõȴǴľСˮ֮Ҷɵıơ
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˵һۡǷƽôܱȵϵأ˰ˣҲ࿴ˡ֮֮ľ֮ˮ֮֮ҾݻҶաҶãﵽ¯ĳ̶ȡҲо
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ʱҶɸպзԱ֮һƬٵ..ǵ˵ĶĿ벻ע⵽ѡ
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๥ѹ󷨣ûκôһѹҶɾ֪˸ղıʡ
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ҶҲԪطˣģȫԪطҲЩԡֻһֱרնֻ꣬棬ЩˡԣιҺܺ˵ĵõһ˿Ϣʱ֮󣬷˹
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ವģҶһҷʡһ߿ٸԼ꣬ط
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ǰε깥һƬеꡣһ깥ȴ֮ϵ
Һԣһε깥ĿΪȷģҶɡλҶɿռλ֮еֻغȣûκβ
ٺ٣СӣϷưɣ֮УǵӰӣĴЦ
Ӱӿǰ깥ҶɾͲҪǿū˳˼ӷˣԼ꣬⵽һ֮Ҷ군ˡһΣԼ׼ҶǿūػҲΪ
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ǰɽǿҪԼľȭˮȭԼѸ湦ǲ޵ķʸϹ㡣
Ҫ֪ƾ輫֮ƾླǿ߶ۺ֮ȷõİȫҶɵЩūͣôǿҲÿʱÿ̶ҶߡһһҶɵʲô޷ܿΣաزָαס
Ҫ֪νġһڶҪһΣ֮ǧǿ˵ΣҲԸΡٽʱڱܹ֮ǰҶǻɰǧΣգ
ɽ˵ļҪҲҶɵ⡣رǽ쳣˵Σ֮УԼҪûǿıֶΣǧսԼǳܣʲô鶼ˡ
ԼȴòһЩѸ湦˵һʱģԼҲòϡǣҪǷľȭˮȭЩòԼԵΣʱԼָαס
̤ҶɻǵһΪѵѡһα۾ϸֿܡţ񣬾Ȼ޷Ƶģϡ(ӭ֧֣Ķ838.Ԫʥϣ
Ԥ֮ڴﵽʲô̶ȣ
ԴӱǵӰֽţ뿪ֻ֮ͻ(С˵͵Ҷӡ~..)ǧУҶʱʱĻѯһĽչһΣȴĲҶʻĿƺȥͬ
΢һ򣬾ӿͷȻȻģѿڶʵҶ磬Ԥԣ
ţĿ⣬ͳǷõķ˹ȥ
Ҷҡҡͷûм˵ȥ
˵һ룬´һ롣ԼԤԣǣȴ޹ءԼѣǵԼȥˡ
Ҷҡͷ֪ôģһּǿҵı
Ҷ磬㿴
ҶɵĿ⣬Ķ˹ȥ
һƬâ貵Ŀռ䣬ųɾŵĵطûʵشڡǣΪ궷ԵʣһƬʵĴء
ֻɲ֮䣬˲ƵһƬߵ֮ϡ
ɲ֮󣬽۲ݳ
̶ɲ֮󣬹ȻһС͵۲ݣӭҡ
ʮɲ֮󣬷ᴵһСʯӣǡñ۲ݵĲݸ赲
Ҷɵɴ۾עʮɲ֮󡣹Ȼһ״СʯӣһЮţ۲ݵĲݸ赲
Ҷǲľ֮ģʮǸ۲ݣȻﲢûжκľ֮
֮ҶδԹЩСŪģƣҲûжκη֮
Ҫ֪һƬأǵӰǵӰ뷶õ֪֮һƬؾ𽥻ȥҶɾֻ࣬㡣ûмµֲ
ĿΪûԼˣҲǴι״ġһȲ϶˶ٵСʯӣײһСĴָĿȻҪϸС۲ݲݸҡһ߰ķ磬ȻûаСʯӸת򴵵ĵطȥ鲻˵ȫûܷǣ䷢ĸʡ϶޽ӽ㣡
ѵΪԤ֮ĵܣ
ҶɺЩ졣
һֱΪԤ֮ҪôԤ׼ҪôǸıˣϲû룬ܣȻóݵĵطͻȻðһĨɫܣȻ߰ķ磬ǡǡһСʯӣָĵط
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˵ȷˡ´Ҷ˹ȻģҶɼ粢վһ𣬡ǣЩΪսһ
ҶЩҡҡͷ
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ǰʵǿأҹŹ֣һЩսȻҲżĴڣǣľԶûҷḻôľ磬Ԫ߲εǿߣп飿
¿ҶһֻۣһۣҶɾ;ãԼ¸һûҶɷӦµЩʲôһε
ˣ֪ǧ֮УΪ𣬺ǿ
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ˣͨ˵翵Ļ롣ɶǿ˵ȴʵɿĴڡ
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Ԥ֮Ҳͬڷ׷ӵ˹켣֮Уǿӵʵֵһ˿ߣǶõܣıЩ˿ߡ
֮ܶʵڵģ֮ǸԤ֮ϢϢصġȻʱ˿̣ʳôֵ⡣ȻȻģҶɾ;ãĴ𰸣ǡ֮
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ϸϣԪͻ绹вġֻҪϲ۵ļһͲںһʡ
Ǻֿռλ棬ڸոɵʱ򣬾ǻһƬҶЩΪĳЩԭ򣬶ή˵ĸλ棬Ὣ۳һ㣬Ϊλӡ
Ҷͽ֮ˣЩȻҲʮֻǣû˵һƬĶȻʲôԪʥ
Ԫʥ׸ղ۵ģΪʲôԳ⣬ȥҲȫûʲô
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ԶһЩĵطע״ˣҲͬ뵹һ齩ֱţþöָܻ
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ԵʡԣȻҶһǧǰͻͽ׵۷֮ǧ޹ɻͣ۷ѡ
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ڣ¾Ȼ˵֪˻Ԫʥôֱླ죬κƿڡܣܲΪ֮ݣΪ֮ľ
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˵־֮ᶨѾﵽ˺εȸ߶ȣ²ɵð̾ʵ̾˺һ
԰һСʱ䣬һ
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Եİťʹ󱨸
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Լ˫ۺٶȷǳ֮졣ֻҪɲǵʱ䣬Լо
Ҷɡǿ˵ɲǵʱ䡣Ѿ㹻ܶˡˣҶɱͻȻ֮һ֮̾ͶһЩضַ

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һεģҶɿƤգգ۾Ȼ󣬾ϥ£ˡûлشҶɵ⣬Ҳȥ׷ʣԼղŵʡ
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ֻظλУǧٿڵֻأһο˵ˡ
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ŶҶɲЦЦʵַʲô
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ԣһδεͻ֮ʱͲһЩԪʥϢоһЩԪʥܣҶɽӹ磬ʵ
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Ǳ˵׼ȷӦ˵ǣǱͼûǱ޵δ
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ڣҶףԼġһԼĴڡ
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ҶɸףΪʲô»ô϶֮ġԳ桱ͻﵽȶЧ
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ڣЩڡڼ˻еǿߣΪһʱʱʱ̵̿ģԸָļΣաԣ˵ҪǲŵԸĳ̶ȣǾ͵ͬ
ǿߣһɳǶһţ˷𺳵ĺݽɫһ·ôҶҲҵ֮
ʵϣһͲԸͷ

ֻλһ֮أʱʱģǿλ괩ԽҶΪʲôǹؼʱȻ֮ԴȪ
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Ҫ֪Ҷɵı⣬ҪԹԪطΪ֮ħ֮⾳ۺһ𣬴һµĹġʱֹǿ꣬¹ϰʱǻú鷳ģԻٲꣿ
ˣȻѾʼ̻ˣҪͼȥ봴Ǹǿ꣬Ҳһ֮У³ֵһʮǿλֻ꣬˽
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緽棬ҶɿƿѾǧʱ䡣ڽõ֮ǰҶֲ̫ܳȥѰͻƵĻԵˣ⾳緽棬Ҳֻ¼ķݶҶɻû׷
Ҷаյ֮ѱ֤ƲȥҶ̵ֶΣҲֻйԪطˡ֮ĹȻһȽҪǿöǿ֮֡Ҷ󵨲²ǿߣһ벽ʥɣ
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Եİťʹ󱨸
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ԭҶڶ֮ħ̶֮ȣͲܴʲôǣȴΪӵмҪԣܳһ
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ʱ˿̣Ҷɺ֮⣬û֪ҶɵʲôҲû֪½ҪȥЩʲôǸոԤԣҶɺֻ֮ңҲ֪ˣʲô
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Ҷв֮࣬һЩxingЩҵ£㲻ûȥ
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ɶֻص˫ۣʱԲ

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⾳͵ɾǿĵݡɾϵǿߣ᲻ϵԼλĿռλ֮ңܵĽЩռλ֮Լóĵһ⾳ǿҲȡǿ߿ռλǿ
Ҫռλ棬һ鷳顣ʮģռλûгκοɼҲʲôϡ顣
ǵӰֿͨӵģõ䣬Ҳ֪ҶԵλӻˣ޷ˣҶɵıӦòܼŶԡ
ǣ˫֮ȴеġǵӰϸоһ£Լ϶ûи
ѵӵһ̺˫ĵߣһħǵӰԽԽľ
֮ħ֮ǺҶɲѧϰꡢħңӵֵ̺ĺֿԣֱ΢΢
ǵӰӶʱЩĻˡ
Ҫǵ֮ʲôԭܲᣬͬ˫İְذɡ
Ǹ£ȻҲһħ֮ǡʵ廯ħ֮壬ܹﵽˮ׼ͻƵɼˡǣǰȴûз֣κͻơ
ǿĻŵģ˿ֲδ֪ĴڡҶɺȻǵ˫֮ǵӰӲɵú˼ԽԽĻţԽԽǾø㲻ԼҪΣˡǣҶһʩչֲ֮ǰĿʼҡ
ֲԭãǵӰӾһֲ֮󣬾ͺܿ˹ǡҪԿֲǵӰȴûκΰ취
ڵֻѡ񣬾ֹӣ
ûӣͲֲûֲǿֲľҲͲ֡
ǰǵӰӲɾʱΪܷõٲ٣Լǲġǣõٵ˸áˡȻҶɵֶŪúľǣȴôҶɵֶΡ
ȴͬˣΪȻ˫֮ΪԵδֶ֪ΣǵӰڲƺԼΪ
ҵӣ
ǵӰӺԥģչǿ
ǰ֮Բװû˵ΪҶɣԻȡĽ֡
ڣʲôˡҪԼȰ˫ӵḶ̌ϡ
ǵӰ˵Ϊջ˰벽ʥɼڵľԣ֮ħ֮ҪҶǿöࡣ˵ǧʱ棬˸ȨȨ֮⡣ҲĶãԼջһ㣬úһ,
ʱֵǰ벽ʥ֮Ҷɸѹס޷ȫʩչܡǣʼʱ˫֮ҲҶڵˮ׼Գɹѹơ
˵ǵӰӵķǰ֮һЧ״ҶɡһεķֻԡҡΪĿģ
һǵӰҪ飬ͱҶҪ򵥵öࡣͬ£ҪķѵҲҪҶҪٵöࡣڣƿ˷ãҶҪǿҶôܼ˳ʵʩԼļƻ
ͻķȷʵҶæһӡǣһб仯֮ǵӰӺȻ֣ȻһεģŶҶķ򣬷չȥ
ħʼںϣ
ڣǵӰӻǺҶŪǹɾȥҪʲôǣŶңʼںϣǵӰӾԽĸоԼδˣƺǲ
ȻǻǿʯȻôȫĵĳˣ
ҵҪǿǿǻõ֮
һɹǿĽ룬ԣǵӰȫ˫ںϵűϵ󵼣ϵķֻеĵܣתͷΪֹԼ
һɹɵĻԼƿصԼƿصǸһһǿþ֮󣬱ѳɹҵ˫ںϲһں֮·
ǵӰӿܹѹԼĵ⾳ܹѹԼƿصĵΨǿʯԳ֣пЧ
ңǼ򵥵ĳֶѡǧ֮ǰԼʯʱʱʯɢĻ֮ͲܴﵽЧ
ǣǵӰӷ߷߲ƽţһЩǿʱȴ֪һɺĿռǿԼľ޴ʯ΢΢ǰҡţңʷͷһģһ΢ģòƻЦǳǳ(ӭ֧֣Ķ864.һǱУ
ʵǵӰҲ֪ʯֽ֮Ĵڣֻϵ棬ںΨһ׷棬ǽһ飡
仰˵
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Ʊ֮ϻģһ¡
ٹӾʹϴ
Եİťʹ󱨸
ղشҳɣĶ865.һǱ£
Ҷһ̾ǵӰӣλҶɿռλе˵ȣȫ˸һ..Щ˸иԭ򣬶ڹעҶɵһһһһС
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ӵа벽ʥ֮ܣһͬʱӵкüִ벽ʥ֮ĵĴڡ
Ϊʣֻѧ˲ٶ־ģԼһڿͻƽƿ¡
˶֪Ҷɵ˵ʲôҪ˵һ֪Ҷɻ֮⣬ҲֻУոָҶɵģǿޱǿĻʯˡ
ǿʯ飬ǣȴѾӵ˽һЩֶΡ
磬ָͬͽС
ֻʯָ鲻ͬϾֻǽ֮Ĵڣ֪ҶҪָ㣬ԼӦָҶЩʲôǣЩǿһ㣬˹ģģҪָݣҶ
ʯģǰһ⾳ͽҶɵʶ
ҲĶҶɣֻĴڣܶǵе⾳ȻҶʮԼֻƽ˺ССһ⾳ѶϢǣȴѾȻ֪Լŵоöôס
Դͬһط࣬仯ȻǷӡǡףǻʦͬԴ
ԴѾ֮СֵΪһ塣ҽӦģǰЩĺۼĨЩܡعͬһԴӦǷ֮ȥ׷Ѱһ֮Уװ˶ֵ⾳
ʦͬԴʦͬԴǸԴʲôأҪֱָԴǸˬ죿
ںȻ֪Լոоȫȷ۵ʱҶɵ˼·ͷɿԾšҪһԾ뵽µľȥ
Ȼǲɵ˵ҶǰǡشĻôڵǡøԶԴ󡱣
ǿʯ״ҪٷһҶɡǣûϵ飬Ȼˡ
ѵνıԴǻ磿
ǿʯ˵֮УŵҲʲôԡǣȴԡκԡҶɵһ仰ȻһһĻ֮϶Ǵʧɫ
СӵǺηôͺȻ뵽˻磿
ǿʯ˵˵Ļˡ֮󣬵ǿʯҶɵİ֮£ڻΪΣɾ飬һ仰ǡʡҶɵ

ʯˣȻҶɶǳһԵɣôԼҲûҪ˷ѾȥҶɵ顣,
ʯǳ˵ڳɾ֮ϲ飬˯ûгɾ飬ϲ飬Ƿ
ʯڷҶҲͬڷ
˵ˡ硱Σʱ⡣Ҳ֪Ӻ֣ȥо硣
ȥҶֻһ취
ǵӰӵķ֮ĨԼз֮Удģۼ
Ĩ˵ۼзԼڴһ
ںϣӣԼԶԶԽһӵеǣЩӣγܲʱ˿̣˻ʯָҶɣҲȥо
ǵȥоҪĨз֮еĵۼνġһ
Ҫһ㣬ƾԼô΢ԶԶģ⣬ǵӰӵϡ
ҪǵӰ֪ǰôʱ϶ۼҶɾһսĹҵˣҲõ˽Լ֣ﵽһĿģ
ǣҶȫ볣˲ͬĴʱǵӰжϴǧ֮ǰһϵежϴòսˡǧ֮Ľ죬һжϴȴԼ֮ǰԼװ׳ɾԼĵˣ
ҶɵĹһһһþֻǹظѹЩںϵȥȫѹǵӰ
ֻֻزЩþĻ֮ᱻ˿⻯˵Ĵڡһ֮ҶɾҲ޷졣ܿ죬ǵӰӾͿ˳ҶɾȻֻǽֵ֪һγǿģ⻯Ļ֮
ӣ񣬾Ȼܹˮ׼ǵӰʮֳԾ
ʱǵӰ֪ܸģٰˣΪ˼ѵʱֻϧǵӰһδˡ
ȻãֻͿԷֶ֮Ӹƻ
ȻΪĳȥΪһʩչħ֮Ŭ
û뵽ʧȥһλʱҲͳױֶ͡(ӭ֧֣Ķ866.ת̻ϣ
3g--&gt;һδεĹһδǵӰӵͷ
ȣǵӰϣҶɵӣȷʵǿķ֮һݻ١
ҶɣǹȥǸҶɡô϶һȥĥЩܣ뷨跨ģٰЩµ
ڣmngܻʯָ֮Ҷɣȴȥʲô
Լר޵ļ֮Լ޵ֻ֮֮֮ڣԼڸӰпӼģ¼нӴģЩܣûȥõֱַ棬ΰסΨһһ롪
ʦͬԴ
ҶɵǺǿ󡣼ȻѾ׼ˣҪȥѰǴԴôʲô֮ʲôħ֮ʲô֮ͳͳȥᡣ
Ϊ֮ġӡʧˣȡ֮ģӡ
Ϊ֮ġֲҲʧˣȡ֮ģyuķֲ
һδεĹǵӰӸɹ˳ƷҶŵĵۼҲڶֵѹ֮£ʧ
ҶԴУĸӡֲģ⡢
ǡһʼģƣоͱҶȻ
ţֻҪԼҵǸԴֻҪԼǱԴ֮ϣôǿԼҪȥģ⣬ԼͲҪȥơ
šֻҪԼˣӦˣôܴ
ȥģҶֻʩչСӣֲ
ǣŹḶ̌ʱţģҲıΡ
ˮˮĸоǣ⻹ԶԶ
۾ʶСȥֿ֮СҶɾãԼһһˮһ㣬ԼԽԽӽ࣬ԽԽԴǡľãһԼǾ࣬ѱԴʮңԶϵĹʮʱҶ𽥾ãԼƺ޿ǰһ
ѵҸˣҶ΢΢üͷ
ʱҶɣǵӰ֮ĹһʼĴδܣڵʤΰ롣ǵӰľչȥԼ޷ֹ˫ںϵĽ̡
ȻȻҶüͷ
ȻȻ֣ҶɵĹȻ
˵أˮ׼ôܸұǵӰӲɵóһԼǰĲԡ
ʵϣǵӰӲ֪ԼǷǰĲԣԼǲǰʣȫۼԼˣѾע֪ҶȻĹƣΪҶɺ󾢲㣬Ϊ,
ת֮Ȼ޷ֱﱾԴô纻ʵ
üʱҶϰڸʶһοݽҲǹȥǧ֮һɲǵʱ䣬Ҷɾ뵽׵Ľ
ת֮
ڵľת֮˾ǿߣʵδ˳ͻƾƿļƷ
ת֮ʵʺ˾õĽ汾Ҫ֪걱ĸĸ֮ñת֮ΪĲ֮Ϊñ˳׵˵е֮
ֻ걱ִҪҶʱľΪܵͣûѧϰľת֮硢Ϊ𽥱֮͸Ҷһˡ
ڵҶ˵ݳװľת֮ʲô¡ħħط֮ϣͲڣݲĹš
ȷĿ֮ҶɾһħĹ
һΣûնꡢ꣬ħֻΨһһ
һΣѾӵϰڸ顣ϰڸǶ壬ܹԪһǺϰڸͬʱʼħʱħǸsֱָͬһĿ꣡
һϢʱ䣬ֻȥһϢʱ䣬ϰڸˮ׼ͬⲻͬǶͽľת֮صħ׷ǵ飬˳
Ȼ󣬾͹ȥ֮һɲǵʱ䣬ϰڸħͱЩ飬һȥ
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ʱʮµʱ䣬µˣһ뷢˵ġ˻˻֮
ЩˣһħѾϼѡȻһϰڸħһĴٶȣֻɺεȾ˵ģ
ÿһ˵棬Ƶ⡣ֻǣÿһ˵棬û뵽ȻҶʮǰѾѹݵˣܴﵽļ֮ôϰڸħΪʲôĿĶ֣
ûϵҲϰڸħҶɸһպҶɵĹˮ׼δϲⲿƷӭͶƼƱƱ֧֣Ķ)
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ҶǵӰ֮ʮսµˣΪҶɵĿռλԵʣԣδҶɵ£û취ʶ͸ȥۿ
ǣµ۹⣬ȻܹµóҶЩʲôһϼһҲͬԲ³š
ǺȻռλˣۿⳡսǣǿͨӦҶλеһЩ仯жҶɵĹسɰܡ
Ҳ뵹һΪҶɿϰڸħľ󲻾ãǺȻ֣ҶɵĹˮ׼ȻԼ֮䣬ǶƺоǵӰӵһֱӰ쵽ˣҶɵλ棡
ɾǿߣͻӵλ档λ棬Ҳ˵񣬳Ϊǿ߰ĸ
ͺ˾ǿߣֻҪܺεȴ˶һɾϵĴڣ˵ֻҪλûܴͲõ֮ǡ
Ǻ֮䶷ֶθģǼֱӵģ˵񡣶ɾǿߵĶǹֶǻޱȣޡӻֱӵĹ󣬾ǵ˵Ŀռλ棡
µ˵Ȼ֪ҶͨԼʱõĿռλ档ǣٿ˷ǵӰӣȴܷͷɹҶɵĿռλ档
ڣҶɵĿռλ棬ȻԼһЩ𶯣
ʱ䡣µ˵ɫͱʮѿ
ѵҪˣ
ǧǰûʧܡһսȻ˵ȫʤҲǴռϷ硣
ǧڸ棬֮ࡣǵӰΪѡħеĶֲòͬʱԣҶɵĻԼԼʵ廯ħԼһôܻ䣿
ڽΣӦҶλЩ΢֮˵ɫԽԽѿˡǿƺţҶһһģʧܵıԵ
£Ӧó֣
ҾȣĵͺһˡҲ׷׽Ŀ⣬Ͷ˹
Ҷɲûн˽Ķô֮֮⣬ֻܿλ֮У޼ƿʩ
Ȼ¸֮ܲԸǣҶİˣôԼˣһӲˣֻɨһȵˣûзʲô
ֻأЩλ굱ƷֻصĶ
Ҫʩչ֮Ҷ͵÷׼ƷֻûõЩǿλ꣬õļƷ
ǣûֻصͷҶɵ˵Ķ𣺡øﶼȥҪҵң
˶ʱ
λ涼ƽƽ΢ˣްæȻ˵ڵң
ˣšǣûһˣڣǻģʶе룬λסͺ±ҶɸƵá
ףΪʲô¾ߣһӦ˹
ָоûɣ
Ҫ֪ȻҶ¡ЩԪħ֮䣬ŻԼǣΪҶɵĻǿȣԶԶµˣԣҲģ鿴µ˵˼롣
Ϊˣµ˸ֻءǲһĸҶˣȴģԼĸ̣ᱻ֡
һΣȻģԼ̣ⷬԼʲô鷳
һ˵ϣҲ¶˹Źֵ顣ʱ򣬴֪ҶɲвʵˡǣøǿǿٱƽԼЩԪĴڣ
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µɫŹ֣а룬Ҷʲôıˡǣȴû뵽ʵϣҶɲʲôıƣȷȷʵʵģڡ˥
ľת֮ÿһת㣬˴Ӻܸߵˮ׼Ȼܵ͵ˮ׼ˣת֮Ȼô࣬ǣ֮ˣ޷̹Ȼָߵô;޳ɾת֮
ҶϰڸħݳĽת֮Ҳͬԡ
תȫµľת֮ʱҶɵĹˮ׼Ȼˮ׼
ǰҶȻûԴؼģĻ֮ҲǵӰľѣʼ׼¼ꡣ
ҶǵӰӵĹѹĨȥۼǱԴʩչ𲽸ǵӰӵڣмǿǵӰȫѹơ
ڣҶݳµģľת֮ԥģսʩչ˳Ĺˮ׼ȴɡԪ࿹⡱轵ˡֻȽϡ
˸²𣬶ʱҶɣ뵽һΣȥ(δϲⲿƷӭͶƼƱƱ֧֣Ķת̻£
ǱˣҲͲ£ȥʲôת֮ϾֻʮǰõЩƻҶҲһаգǵӰӣ÷õ⡣
ǣҶȴѰ
Ϊ˸ԼѹѰϧ½ɾԼΪ˸øĥľת֮ôǰΣ
˵һΣͲ£ǵӰӳ룬ԼڣԼˡ
ȥҶ֮ǿߡˣҲʮ֮ŵȱ㡣
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κοõĳߣڲ֪УӰ˵ݵ˵Ūڹ֮С
꣬ҶɵһνӴģ֮⾳ǿߣǹ衣
ʱ裬Ҷɺͬ˵Ѿʮǿˡ˵˱ԼǿöĴڣӦԶݼǣȻ˵ƴɱӷȣҪһս
ս֮УЩΪµзƫҲ֮ǿߣóŪļټһϵıơŹֲ߻˱Լǿ˲֪ٸ֮ǿߣҲһս֮
ǣκεȱģ֮Ҳͬˡ
֮ȱڡ
ΪںƣԡԼҲԼƽȥ
ǧ֮ǰҶ֮䣬ľȻȫûġɼһ嵽۷֮
ʱҶɾͰԼƽȥˡԼֺ¾ͱԼƸﻹܻõڣ
ʱҶɾ֪ԼȻƣǣҲܹơȻԼԳǣҲͬʱҪע⵽ԼܱԼ֮ܡɱ顣
ǰڲݷģƿ˷һҲһ֮ǿߡȻĵ֮ԶԶҶ֮ϡǡǧǰһսҶʶ֮Ȼ˰벽ʥɵˮ׼ҲͬӲѵȱ㡣ԭǵӰҲɹģԻٳǽǵӰҲΪǿ֮һɵֻ֮Լƴɱ
һΣҶɵֱǵӰӻɵһΡԼĵȷȷȥˣǵӰҲɹģ̷ȫ淴
ҶɵֱҲҶɵơֻƣûͨϸݣҶɾʮִ󵨵ȥˡ
ȥˣң¶ü֮Լⲻڵģһ¶ˣǵӰӸѹΪȫȫԼֱһƣ͸ֱˡ
ڵҶɣôþת̻ʱһֱ䵽һסͱ˵ǵӰȫˣֻҪǵӰӷֳڷ֮һҶɵλ棬Ҳ˲
Ҫ֪Ϊƿ˷õǵӰܶõѾߴɶ죡
ǵӰӵ֮ܣȫǰ벽ʥɼ
һɶ죬֮˶٣֮Ĳ࣬Ҳû޴
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ҶɵֱȻûдǵӰӹȻɹģûнԼ°־룡
µоģҶλ𶯣ʵֻҶȻ˥ʱλֵһЩȻӦЩ𶯣ǵӰûκιϵ
ǵӰģֻǾԼƿص֮ڣɱҶɲд֮ڵ
ֻеĲдǵӰӾ֮еĲдûȥ
ϾҶԭе֮䣬ͻԼ໥ġһ򲽽ҶȥˣҲûԼ֮û
ǵӰΪüƵţСӣ֮УʲôֶԭǴҵȫ뵽֮УȻһ𣡡
ǵӰʮǰҶʽֿʼһΪΪ˰ԼˣȻȻģͰҶûɵĹҶڸʲôıơ
˵ǵӰ֮Աԭ򣬾ħ֮ȫսĳһ꣬ȻһȽϺõĽ취һҶеҲȻ˥ǵӰӾĥȥ
رǣҶ˥ֿٵģϵģɳ֮ǵӰӾ͸ȷҶɾưԼ
ߣвҲ̶ֳȡСӣϷ򵱰׳𣿡
ǵӰ֪ЦʱҶѾ˳ˣת̻ĵһת(δϲⲿƷӭͶƼƱƱ֧֣Ķϳ£ϣ
Ȼо
ٴȥǱԴࡣ\\׷yd׷\\ҶɾãԼǱԴ࣬ƺһЩȻ뻹Զ̸ǴֿɼǣڵԼǰ㣬ûκδ
һתֻ˲Ϣʱ䡣մȥò˶ʱ䣬Ҿջĸо
Ҷɲڴһξת̻ǱԴࡣҪʯȻõɵĴڣԼעǱԴ࣬ɴ˿ɼǱԴಢǼ򵥵ģ׼ȷա
ʱ˿̣ҶֻţһǵӰӣԼһεľת̻ڣͰǰĿĸԺ
ǵӰӣ֪ҶʱѡԼһߡ֪ԼڵѾҶĹߡ
ЩҶɿռλеǿǣҲĪڸܵҶɵ±ǿ󣬾һεģȥ
ͬλ΢𶯣һαӦһΣ˹
𶯣ǵӰڹˡԼ˥죬Ŀռ𶯡䣬Ȼ󡣾Ͳ޳ģֻ˵ֻأΪռλ֮񣬾Ȼûз֣λ𶯵ԭռλ֮񣬵ʲôô
һ̱ȵɱλʱȾ̡ڣֻ֮䡣һʻͨ޵ĽסȴҲڲ£óģ
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ֻڸҶɴô֮ڼʶôǿĴ֮ĸԣƽһЩĳҲû쭡
ߣԺҲһҪ˵Ŀռλ֮񡣵ʱ˵
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һ֮УһĴ֮У֥ɡ֥Ȼ֡Ǹոչȥʮ֮һɲǵʱ䣬һʮɲǣһʮɲǡԼ˼ʩչ
ѵԶԶԽɵĿֲֶΣ
ʱ˿̡֥ȫû취˼⡣ǣʶǿһЩ򵥵ģܵķӦʶڳĽֻһǾǵʩչˣԶԶ֮ϵֶοֲ
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ҺôҪǿö࣬ĿֲֶΣΪʲôһιʩչȴϵĸٶߣ
ž硢Ĳ֥֮飬ԽԽŨҡҪ֪֥˵ӶϵУȻȻģ֮Լ֮С
ˣʱ֥Ⱦ˸飡
˵ڼʶֵǽĲҾ֮Ѿӡ󣬴ֵóݵүү䵽޶ļˣ
ˣ֥ȥʱǴźǴšӡĿġ
϶ʲôױﻤ塭һҪ
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֥ûв´ϣĵȷȷţһ˲õıǿý뵽˼״̬еҶɣҲɵ΢΢üͷ
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ǿ󣡣
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ǣֶΣȥԸɼǿߣɱţҪŵöࡣȻҶɱǳСǣһոһɼǿߣʲô⡣
˵ΪҶɽ˼״̬
ӵмսҶɣӵ˲ླʥɼʥɼȥʩչֲֶΡ˵ʮ֮һɲǵʱˣ֮һɲǵʱ䣬Ҳδܹùȥ
ʩչ̫֮뼫սһȫ͸֧һ޷
ǽ뼫״̬Գסĸĸáǣսʱ䣬ȴһɲǣ̵ʮ֮һɲǡңҪǧĻڣٴν뼫״̬
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ҲҪңǼ챦
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Ҷûʩչ˿ֲֶΡôԶԵġȥͷһʩչԤ֮Ļ쵰ԼǰŪԤֱ֮ǻòͷˣ
ǣʱ˿̣ﻹȥЩ飿
ʵϣҶ֮֡ΪġּսֻҪзģǾ½ݡ
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ҶҲνֻһСɾͳɣɾˡҪ׷ɱŸǿֶΡ
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ףȻܼ٣
ո׷ǰҶɣֿ֥˵Ӱǧ֮⡣Ҫ֪ⲻ˲ƣǿƽ򵥵·ȥ·ٶȣͲɼ
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Ҫ֪һֱҶɾֻкһں˽Σ֮ҶɾҲûе
ȻڼҲŪһ챦ľ񹬡ǣΪ˷ӳ챦ЧֵһЩǿˡҶȴ챦ʼľࡣ
˵һ챦Ҷɵʮǿ󡣶Ҫ챦ԳʥɼʩչԽٶȵľ챦Ҷɵ͸Ǿ޴
˵ֻһ챦
ֻһأҲľһԲЧҪӵһʩչԶ֮ҵֶ֮ǿܱǣ
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ڵõµָ㣬֮Ҷ֪ľ񹬣ǽ֮ӶˣԶĳһֵ
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ڣҶʩչһֶΡȻǿһӣôĵطֶ֡εĿֲѹ֥ôܳܵˣ
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ڣҶ³ֶΣȻҲֲ쳣ǣȴѹͬһطϡԣֻ֥΢΢ѹ\\..\\̱
ûáǵûеǰֲġҶɡΪ֥Ҵ棬ҡ
ҶɣϷС㣡
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ҶԶߵлʰ֮ڼ״̬²ʩչҲڼ״̬£ܷӳǿ
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ֻǿĶײпʱҡȫʢ֮ʱҲֻһʱҡ
һξش಻֪ٸʱ䣬ûκκת
ôǿ󣿣ϣη塣ȴ쳣Ծ
ҶҲܳԾϾǵһξʱҡǣĳԾȫͬĳԾ֮Уһ˿ϲ
ܹҵһʱǿߣħҵļսʱ䣬пø
Ҷɲûпǹβӳսʱ䡣ǣûʱ֮ūͻѡҲܣ֮ͨʱ֮ĵܡ
ԣҲֻЩǧӰȥƲʱ֮áԵʱĽƺʱ֮ûô
ڣлʰ֮챦֪ļֵܣǿҶײʱʱңȴҶԼƺֻҪǡںʱ֮ܣܴӳսʱֶΣ
룬ҵһʱ֮ǿߣ
ʱ֮еҶɣԽԽԵľ쵽Լܼսʱ䣬ڲٸһɲǵʱ䣬ԼҲǿɴڣ״̬֮У
ǣĶȥǿأҶɲ΢΢ü
ʱ֮ǿߣռ֮Ԥ֮ǿ߸Ϊϡ١֮ܹһʱ֮ǿߣѾ˲ˡʱؾǿߣѾ䣬ֻôʱؾ㲻ã֮Ҳڣʱ֮ǿߣ
Ҫǣͺˡĸʱ֮壬ûܲʱ֮δҲвʱ֮Ļᣡ
Ҷɲ֪ǣ߶ʱҲѾĴԽռϣˣʱؾ֮ڣڶ챦
һӳˣǴ̼
һưצķ׵ģʱؾĳһȻ֡ǷɨܣȷûΣ֮һ¶ƣЦݡ
½㣬Ҫ⣡սǿֲǿڣʱûз粨ҲǾİȫˣ
һŮˣȻҶɳ˼ĺ
ȥһЩԽһһЩ
һۻµһǸվĿӰµˣӵת֮º
ţصĵ˵ͷ´ȥһŴ򿪰ɣҪһּǿߣǻʩչһʱմԽ
ѾҪһŴˣ
º˫ͫɵȻһǣûж˵ʲô̵˵ͷһŴڵķ˲ƶȥ
ӣͳ֮ԽԽˡ֪ҶСӣͳͳ㰡
ʱ䣬糺졭

Ҷ֪ˡ[.Ȼʱؾô챦Ҫˣ̾ͻ嵽˵ǰǣʱ˿̣ˣҶ̫Զ̫ԶǺҶɶ֪Ҷͬһؾ֮С
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Ҷ֮ĶײԽԽڰȻ
׼ȷ˵Ҷǲ֪һǶ챦֮䡣ԽԽңԽԽڰȻ
İȻԽԽԾ
û뵽챦ȫȻ·磡
Ϊ챦Լ˶ٴۣ
Ϊ챦Լ˵ɱ˶ǿУ
ȥԼΪ˽ʡû챦ȫǣѾ㹻ԸԼЩǿˡ
ڣԼΪ˽ֶιҶɸˣһ챦ȫû롣ǵûҶ֪ѶˣǴ·磡
һ۷徳磬һ۷ϣֶιǿ󣬿ǡôǿ˳̶ȣ
ڷӶ֮ʱ챦ŵֻǾҶɵֶ̫ˡǣֱģĶԿ֪ҶɵֶΡʲô̶ȣ
ǣҶôҲֻǡԾԶھʧ롣
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ʱõԵ˵ͷȻ󣬾һ챦
Ҷô룬ϵǵӵһӶֵľ챦ӵУڶľ챦
ڶ챦һʱ䣬ԭѹҶɣ;ת𲻵ܷˣпܣԼһߣлʰ֮۳ķȥ
챦Ҷ־ϲ
һΣҪٲ²ˡԶԵģԵӵܵľ챦Ϊֵӷʽӵĵ⾳ʵǹԡ
ҶɳԾΪһˣӵ챦Ծ
ҶϲȻʱѹˣǣȴΪõĺôϲ֡
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һҶɵı壬ҲԽ˾𣬽ԶĵطЦţָڿлһĹ켣𲻽ľs䡣
𿴳Щ켣İоһֲϢ
ʱ˿̣ҶɲŸոտʼʩļ״̬ʩչЩԶ֮ҲҪǧڷ֮һɲǵʱ䡣ԣʱ򣬵Ϣͻûг֡
ǣǺεԤ֮ģ۷ڣ
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ǣֻǧڷ֮һɲ֮󣬽ҪֵĿֲϢȥתܣͿĸӦ
ǰ֥֮֮ǰǰжϣһ߼챦壬һ߷ٵԶߡ
ǰԶݵʱ֮Ի˲ƣѡʵʵģ˫·
ⶼΪĵˮ׼ѾjingݵδȻӦĳ̶ȡ
ǰ£ӳôԶľ롣
ڣȻ֣ԼȻǰӦ˿ֲϢǣһΣȴ·ӣ

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ƴΣֻҪ㻹е챦Ҳһ޷ֿ
ȻЦȻаգǣҶȴһ˷ʱ䡣
״̬£Լĸ
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״̬£ֻʩչ֮״̬ʱ䣬ͻһɲǣ̵ʮ֮һɲǡ
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֮ѵֵ֮֮ҲӵǿĹ֮ܡҪǻͬʱʩչֵôսܳʱ䣬ֻж̶ʮ֮һɲǣ
αװ֮ҵˡ׷֮ȷ˵κһٶֹ˹ӡٰԶ֮Ҳͬʱʩչôսֻܳڷ֮һɲǵʱ䣡
ÿʩչһֵҪܵĸͻɼμߵҶɾͱڷ֮һɲǵʱ棬ս򣬵ȴģӶӲģˡ
ȻʱҶɲûǿײ֮ʱʱ֮ʱԼּսʱ䣬ӳ౶ǣȻʱ֮Сߵ֮ʱҲּܱ״̬֮һɲǣ
սپ
Ц֮Улʰ֮ɵķϣȻͳһ
һԾŵıɷ֮ɵı
Ƿ˫ۣҲͬʱһģܽʥɼڶĹâǣ׷֮۳⣡
ͬʱܡһ˵ĲЩص㣬Ȼ͸챦һޡֻû챦ܳ֡
ǣ֮Ȼ챦ص㣬ҲƳ
Ȼ챦ʩչ챦ܡ˵Щ֮Уαװ֮Ǳʱ䣬оȥоڵľ磬ҲܿóЩǼ١֪ЩûУӵԼ챦ǿܡ
֪ҶΪǿֶΡ֮ҲѾǷϵıԼɱ
Ҳ֪ҶɶԸӵǿֶΡѵ֮ҲڳԼƹ
𣬺ȻʧȥˣԺܿҪģδ֮µĸӦǣȼͲΪ˸ҶɶԿ
ڡΪԼܣ
С֥ӣ
Ҷɲɵ㶡
ҪƴҲҪԼܡȻҪ֥ܣ
ȼõĳӵ챦֮С
챦ģԶԶղŵǿֽ֥
֮һֱ֮Уû֥ģŲһ
Ȼ󡭡
৵һӣȻѾˣҶʶܴﵽĵط
ڣҶɿǴڼ״̬֮У
ڣҶɿѾ׷֮
ڵҶɣƾʶչʶͿԸǳĿռ䡣
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ʱ䣬Ҷɲɵô˴
һֱҶڶԵ֮ʱԼǿĵˣҲԺȻøֶΣǱסƮȻԶݣҵᣬֻɱ
ǣһΣȻ˴
ȻҲ˷ôڷ֮һɲǵʱ䡣ǣⲻڷ֮һɲǵʱ䣬͸ԱĻᣡ
һ۷ǿߵԱ
Ա֮ǰҶɷоԭȽϵͽ׵Ȼ۷壬Ȼãľˮ׼ƥ䡣
ԱֲԱֻе뾳ϵʱԱܲԱ£ǿǧٱ
Ҫ֪˵ǿߵľܻôһ㲻ͬԣҳ˵ԱָľǴǿԱʱܲԱҶɻûмʶ
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ɾɣ̤Ԫ֮ȫǿҲû취ӳѡǿߣмԱȥ˺ˣ
Ա֮ʱʲô֮Щгȥ꣬Ҳͬʱܵ޴Ӷ׻ԣ˵ǼԪǿˡ¾ʹñƵ˼ڣҲԱ
ֻҪԱǾζˣζų䣡
ȻҲЩˣüԱԻˡǣڵҶɣǴڼ״̬֮Уʩչ׷֮𵽵ԱǼԱôܿ
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ƽһϵҶɣȻҿԭ԰׵ɫҲԳ˲̬ĺΡ
䣬Ѿȥʮʱ䡣ֱڣҶɻûдԱĳ˺Уȫָ
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ڴ߾ķ̵һ˫裬ҶɿơһξӨ͸飬˳ǲǷǳƯȴӣ
ôֿˣ˼֮ҶɺǺЦôţҲʮǰöˡֻҪپ꣬Ӧþ޴󰭡
ʮǰҶǺεҡһ㣬ӿռλнûˡ˵ҲԻѶٻǸϹǣȵЩū͸Ϲʱ϶Ѿ׹ֻ֪ʲôΣˡ
ȶԣֻʱʱľҿһ£״Ҫõöˡ
ﲻǲ֪Ҷɵ壬һıáǣȴʱΪҶɵľҿԣȻ¡
ȻҶмսǣҪ׶ãҶıˣָȥ䵽ˮһȰ
ʮȰ֮Ѿ֪˵˶ٴΡǣҶЦҡҡͷûӦʡ
֪ҶɽˡѰĵ·ϣȥüУ¶档ڡ֪˱ԴĴڣ˿ʥһļս֮ˡøϲԼıȥս
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҶɻ䡣ⲻǶĿ󡣶ԡս֮Уǿİ׷ΪҶɿˣԼ֮УȻϣ
ȥҶ׷ֻҪǿǿӡ֮С
ʱҶɵĴ㣬ֻǴԸѡԵʱҶɵ֪벻֮⡣Լ׻ΰϺæ
ڣڲ׷ԴĹУһξת̻֮ԼƺԼа취ֱӰϺæ
ǴԸǼġеģʩչֶΣĽ֮·ϣȻ
ڣһֱźɹ꣬μʮģ֮·
ԣȻԼȰˣȻҶһֱȰǣҲûκΰ취ܲɣԼȥҶɣ˺Լˣ˵ȥ˵ˣֻҪԼһ˿룬ԼҶ֮ĹϵҲͻܣİ·
֪Ȱ֮ãҲȰһΡҲûб뷨ֻϣһΣҶıֳȥսʱҶ绹ԼⷬȰ˵Ҫ͵ƴһҪãȫ׼
̾һ⣬ʵҶ磬컹Ҫټ챦𣿡
һԼ״Ҷġšһ
ﵭȻһЦɿҶɵ֣ȽҶɲһĿ֮ϡȻתһľƳɵӡ
һһ챦ͷڣ߳ľ֮ϡ
ԱҶǿӿռλн˳Ȼ顪
һס˻ԹȥҶɡ
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סҶɺܼ򵥣ֻΪ˶ԣϲûʲôԱĲ
ǣҪ챦ȴϼѡʾ֭ҵһ취Ǿľȥо챦
˵ľҲʲôľʶȣľƷʣ˲١
ǣĳδԭľȴԳɹо챦ԣϻӣ챦װ
ȵҶѹ֮⣬Ψһ飬о챦ûз֣챦ϣκĺۼҲûз֣ȡ챦ķֻͨһʱоֻ֣֮ľ챦ֽӴٸ֮һֶΡô챦˵ųͻ᲻šԣһӣ챦棬ԼʩչֶΡ
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ԭҶɵĴ㣬챦Լˣһһǣ˵ʲôҪҶ֪ڵģԼԺشڣܱӿֲش
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ע˵챦ֻ֮ﾪȵ˵ֻãǾͲᰵˡƾʲôܹ챦ҶԿ
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ʯӦǱˡԣѾҵһϢ͸¶
ʯһһεûյҵĻѶҲһ棬϶ʲôԭء
ûϢȴʲôԭ򡭡ú룬ʲôطҺˣ
ΡΡߴһһʶ֮УҶֹͣλаŵϢʼҷ˼ǲһεºˣǲʲôԶ׼ĶԼԵ
ºڣκǿ߶пܷĴ
޹أ۶ôǿǿߵʶ֮ϡǱʶѾ׽ʲôԵˡôôǿҲٰ󣬸
ʱ򣬾Ҫ˼ֱ
ԴһΣ綸Ȼ죬Ҷɾᵽı׶ˡȵ־֮ǳᵽֱܸ˴ľ޴ô
޹ʱҪֱһкͷʱ򣬾ӦƽľԼ񣬽ֱ
ȫɣųϰڸʶȫƽ˾һ˿΢𡣾ǣʯɲĵģҶһһЩ뵽ʶ֮ʱҲͬûмκβ
ģģҶɾ;ãԼ뵽ˣһֿ״̬
ģģϣһ˿ǳǳ΢Ц
ԭ֮أ
ǺͨĵطҲǺصĵط,!
طǿ˵ǳͨǣЩ˵ȴ쳣
ϸû뵽ԴȻϸ
鵤౾Ԫϸ
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νϸ˵ľǣԪǿ󵽣Աٳϸռʱôǿߵϸ
Ȼ˵ϸʱڵǿߣһ̶ϣԼǡǣǿߵľΪģǿߵͻԽԽϸ
Ҷٶʵ̫ˣϸҪԣȫûиܹˣ֮ʱڲ²Դ֮ʱûⷽ롣
ʵϣǻһʵһһǿߣʱ򣬿Ҳ뵽ϸ
ڷ˵ϸּԼ֮ڣǣȴָûɶĿռ䣬ʵǹˡ
ǣǿ˵ϸռ䣬ȴôѰ
ϸǽڵ׶ǿ߻Ĺһ£ϸ
ǣ뵽һ׶ΡڡǿߵעѾȫתƵͺ϶ɵĽ֮ϡ
ǿ߻ȥԪӤȥĵȥ񣬻ȥ򣬻ȥꡣȥռλ桭ϸųɾŵʿͰⶫԺ󡣲ȥоˡ
˵ɾϵĴˣǽ˾ڣǿ˵ϸҲûôǵ˶ϸƺҲ𲻵κá
֮ӵǿĿռλ֮ǿ߸ǻϸĴڡ
ϸѾ֪ʲôôĿռ˵ռλ棬ΪǿṩǿĿռλ֮ңǿߵ껹פУһֱҲ԰ĵģţӰ졣
û뵽Ȼϸ֮Сʲôʱҵϸ֮УŨġ
һֻ꣬뵽ϸ֮УҶɲɵþ̾Ϣ
ҶǴ֮һ죬ֱӽ׵֮ġ֮ռλ֮꣬ʹԪӤ֮жݳ뵽˿ռλ֮СȥԪӤҲԲڡ
ԴʱҶɾҲûйĹϸռ䡣Ȼ˵ʵϸռפһֻꡣǣȴû
ţλ棬ôɾǿߣҲû˭ĵһֻ꣬յϸռȥš˵Ŀռòκκô
ǣʱҶɿ˺ôˣǻʯô
ԭҶΪǵҪﵽླ𼶣пܵõôҵһڡΪʯੲݡѾѰˡû룬Դ֮أȻôͨȻɾϣһռ䣡
ǵºڣʯлˡ
ϸûãҶɵֻ꣬Ƽ˻ʯ֮ڡһм˹ȥʯҲܿ촫һ
ȻסҶҡҡͷ
ʱԼķֻ꣬ǻʯǰ֮ңǣֻɾеȻߵ
ԼͬģҶɺͻʯ˱˴֮ľ롣ĵģʯһνȫ¶Ҷɵķֻ꣬Լı塣
ǡ
û취ǵȳȥ̸һ̸ˡҶɺǺЦţЩƣʾʯʱ뿪
ϸʲôؽءʱȥˣҲӦÿٽǣʯȴֻһ£ûж
ѵҶһֻҪ뿪
޷뿪
ǵİɣԼϸԼķֻסˣҶʮֲ졣
ܿ죬Ҷɷ֣Ҳǳסֻǵֻ޷ǣͨԪطϰڸĹԪһɴڡǵֻĶо״Լֻ꣬Ҳͬһʱ䣬Ŀо
û취ˡ
Ҷɵǵֻεʼ磬ʹ߶Ѿֱͨӽˣȴû취Ӱ졣أΣԼҲܸףʯҪ˵Щʲô
ʯҲѾʮʱ˫ԵľĬ˺һӣȻ󣬾ԼĻþҶɵǵֻ꣬װ
ҪûþҪ˵飿ҶҡҡͷЦ򵥵ܱųⷬģ˵Ҫ֧ŵĻþˡ
ȻĻþҵҶͷĿѣþɶ⣬˺üʱ䣬Ҷɶûܿ
ǣþȴơʯִţһҶɣ
Ҫ飿Ҷֵýֱˡ֮أģ
ֱҶɻˣͱԼϸռ䡣!
ֱٰܲһæףʯҪ˵Щʲô
һ죬һ죬һ졭
֪Уʮʱ䣬ת۹ȥ
ԭһȥ壬Ѿȫָ˻
ԭ³ֵģǴڳ״̬ʮĸλ棬Ѿ𽥰˳״̬Ѿӵˣ׳Լ
ǣҶȴǴڿ״̬֮Уϰڸ꣬ûһ˼⣬ûһڻԾ״̬֮С
ڱ״̬Ҷ˵ûʲô顣Ͼ벻ò뿪ʱؾʱ仹úܡ
ǣ˵ֱһʹļ尾
Ҷ絽ôˣȫ޷Ҳ޷Ԥ֮ֻǿֲ٣Ѿȥʮʱ䡣ҶȻûзɶҵƣѵڳţʲô˵Ľɣ
ûĸǿߣʮĽǣ˼룬Ҳ֪ʲôǺ͡µõҶɲ٣ǳڡֱ֮У
ʮǰﲢûгţҶʲôͨ
ʮԽԽ£ԽԽģģҪֳšȥѰҸҶɹͨķ
ⷽʵҲ룬뷽跨챦춯
챦ҶɵĿ֮£ŻӵǿԼ֮ҶˡҶȫʧȥֻߣҶжô챦ƾʧȥá
ˣȻֻҪ챦ֻŲ룬ҲܹҶɵע⡣
һ޷ơ
Ȼ֪ʱ򣬲ӦȥҶɡһŪ̳ԼĪˡ
ǡҪҶɹͨһµȻӿֳҪȥҲûκΰ취
˵֮£ûʶԼڳŴıԵ䡭
޴Ǳ˳ԭȫס΢΢͸һ˿
׳ǰֻȥɲǵʱѡһ˿Ȼѹ
ô
ȻѹҪȥֹһ˿ǣȥͷǳѡҪջǾ͸ϼѡ
ˣˣҺҶ磡ʱɷɷס
￴ҶڻӦ١ңǽ϶һֱʮǰҪǧ򱶵ĽԼȻʹģȻڹϣҶң
Ӧ֮ˣȻţвһĵȻֲвӦֱ֮Ӵݻ١ǿĴڣҲѣ
ʱ䣬ɷס
ʱ䣬ҡ
һ˿ȥһ㶦ʱһ㶦΢΢һת˲֮һʱŵңҲԶȻķŭ˲ѿ
￴һ֮ǰķŭ֮١֪һʵֻҶǿ֮У֮ģ޾ķ
˭˭
Ҷɷŭţ
һΣ̵ᵽ±ţ޷ɹͻʱӿľ޴ŭˡּնþ޴ջȴ˲ʹʧĸоʵץ񡣶ʹʧ֮󣬲֪ʲôʱ򣬲һҵ״̬ľǻԶļޣǸԼ֮Դ
˲ʱ䣬Ҷɾҵǿɺ޵֮Դ

һ˲䣬Ҷɾ˹
ԭ֪УѾȥʮꡭ
Ҷɷ֮ԴʱҲףΪʲôˡҶɲû³׼̾ͶŭĿԡǣҲܣȫûз
Ͼʧȥ˵Ļᣬ֮ܿڣҲ֣
ڣҶɻ֮ǿߡĹóģǿ˵Լ
԰һ֮ҽŭ飬ƽϢ
ɡ
챦Ҷ˻û־ϲģ˲ƵҶɵߡ
Ҷ磬㻹ţ㻹ţ
ڿҶģԼǰᣬֹס
ͶҶɵĻúõʹһղΪҶɼģ˺ѷεĸоãԼҲϾҪˡ
ǣֲ֪ͲûԲлˣﻹаҶͷ֮أ壩
Уаûڵһʱ䣬ҶҲ֪Ӧʲô̬ȥȻ˵ԼԲǰ㼫ˡǣҪԼȫûзȻҲΥԼıܷӦ
룬ҶֻܵȰһ䣺ˣȥˡ
˵ţҶɾͻǰҪȥϵˮ
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һ˲ȼգ
㡭
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ȥһԤδٴҲһ⳥
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ԴһǲԴúޱ
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Ѱʱ̬Ȼ¶ȵصʱ򣬻ղʱǱʶ̬ȣ˳
Ǳʲô顣ԼԼҲκԹԡԼ֮ĹϵѾˮ齻ڣֱ˴˵ľ硣
ԼŮ֮һûȥ

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ûпκδ
֮䣬¶ȻȻɫ
Ҫ
ڲԶҶɡ̾׹ǣļֹûκô
ʮ
Ѿһ죬ǡһȼյʮԪҲ৵һӣɷɷף
Ҫ֪˵ǿԽǿԽ˼Ԫ֮ǿߵѾԼǣԪԼڼԪǿ߲䡣ԪԼڿȼԪ
ͺñȵǵӰӣҶභѾıԵˣǣȴûͨȼԪóΪ˵ľ磬Ѿﵽ˰벽ʥ֮˵ԪѾʱšǣ״̬£ǿȼζһ𣬿䣡
էȥ״ȵǵӰǿöࡣǣ֡壬ҲԽԽصĸ
ڣֻɷסܣûסǣҶɵδȼսԣһľ
ǰȼʮһܿҶɵδˣ
ȻУ
ҶҪ̽ܣʯִڣΪ֮ĶܡΧҶɵţԻླǿߵĿֲ٣赲ľ޴ܡ
˵ܣǾֻһԳɹӣ
ȼʮһôܣҶɵδ
ȻǷ񶨵ģ
ȺΣȼճʱҶҲѾۡΪӦֹȥ
ǣ֮࣬Ҷȴˣһ˽ۣ
ǿֹΪ¶Ȼ󡭡ò˶꣬ͻѸ˥ϣ䣡
ǿߣֻҪ֮ͻûܣԡ˥ϡ⡣Щǿߡ𡪡˼ҵĿǰҲԼԸѣΪǵܣѾ˥ϡ
ǣҶȴֻҪԼǿֹôò˶꣬ܣͻȫ˥ܡԼھҲ˼꣡
ֹ
ǡ漣
ҶʶԼţΪѵľ񡣶񣬻ȥ
Ϊȼʮ󲻾ãȥǧ֮һɲǵʱ䣬һεģȼһ
ȼһûʲô仯
ȼʮȻɷס
ȼհѾе鸡ܣʼ½
ֹôȵȥȼһǧ꣬һֻ
ֻһ֮֡أ
Ҷɵʱ䣬ᳬʮ֮һɲǡ!ʱûôҲͲȥʲôˡ
ΣʱҶɺȻ۾
ٿ˾񣬶ǣȨֱ
һεģ뵽˿ĸо֮ȥһεģֱȥ׷Ǹ޷ȷ𰸡
ܿ죬Ҷ۾һΣûȥ೤ʱ䣬ֱѾһ𰸡
ȣ
ȡʱ䲻ᳬʮ֮һɲǡֱǶԵģôʮ֮һɲ֮ڣͻ漣ֱˡҶɲ֪Լ᲻Ϊ䣬ԶģҲ޷ףҲ޷Լļ֮ﵽԲ֮
ҶҪȴĽ֣ϵͬҲϵҶɵδʮ֮һɲǵʱ䣬Ҷɺ˵Ե
ûô
ȼǧ
ûκν
ȼѾ޷վòһʯб
ǡûκν
Ҷɵģʱͱñ
ѵһΡҵֱ𣿡
Ҷ૵ţɫҲѾɷɷס
㣬ֱ׼ȷڣĿܡѸ½Ҳܲ𣬸ҵȼգ
ȼûκáͲòȥȼʮܿܣûʮȼϣܡѾ׸࣬Ҫ䣡
ڵҶĸоԶ統ǵӰӡǵӰӣٿѣȼʱ˿̵ôܼȼ
οȼʮ
ҶɵĽţ΢΢Ųһ¡һ̡ѾҪֱ۵Ρ
ǣûҶĳֹ֣ȻͿԭѾбڵصȻվ
Ҳģ
Ҳģ
ǺεȵķֻἤεȵǱ̶̵һ仰ȥɲǵʱ䡣ɲǵʱȥ֮ԭȻ½ǵûмȥǱ
Ȼվһ۵Ĳʱ˿̵ȻҶɴһ֣ɽֹĸо
۷壡Ȼ籩ǣ
漣޷漣ҶѾҪҶɾҪѡֹѡɹ꣬ؼʱȻͻˡȻһһ֮Ծ۷壡
ľ޴ǱҶҲòΪ֮̾һɣ۷塣һǿߣһɣȻɳ۷壬ѣ˾ò˼飡
Ҫ֪ǿߣƾǶϰˮ׼ƾǹ̷Ϊʵˮ׼ߵ͡
һɣֻζŸոտʼ̷ΪʵոնԵݻ˽⡣
۷壬ȴζϰݻһԪ֮ģӴĵݻѾ֮С
۷壬ζţѾԣԤ֮ݻ̷֮Ϊʵһһչʾ
Ȼ﷢һؽ߳Ȼ׵۷壬һεģȼʮԼʶУĬĬԤ֮ǽԼһ˫ۣϢģδͶȥ
۾ʵߡÿһ˫۾һֵܳδ
ʱ̣ոհвʱ̣ȻģпֵܳδԼߣչҶɵǰ
ǵˡδ֮С֪һ᲻˲ʧ˲ʧȥ˷֮
ҶɾõҶɳֻܹءǣûԹľģʵϵĳİˣﲢûκζ⡣򣬳̽뼫״̬ҶɾͲ֪Լʲô취Ӧĳ
شҲûܣôɵģսʤ
ʱ˿̣Ҷɷ֪ȻԼӵ˼״̬ȻԼ׷֮ǣո˶ĴۣȴѾǣԼģСۡ
ȫʢڡܹȫԸܹʩչԤ֮ԼܹʤҲԴ꣡
ʱ˿̣ҶҲ˲ףΪʲô
һ֮
ɨһиҶЦţ뵽ˣһʵĪģδ֮С֮أߣ
ҶЦһ˲ʵδ֪δ֮ʱ֮ǵңҲȻʧ,!
˵ǰҶɻֻΪԼǱʶ̬ȣЩھεĻôڣѾΪ뱱ȫһģиܰˣ
ҶɵЦ˫֮䣬ҲȻ΢Ц
Ц֮УܵҶɵ⡣ģֵܳδ֮УˣģҶɶԼֿ
Ҷ磬һһδ
ȭݺݵĻһ¡ոջָܵԵĶ־Ȼ·ã˵ȼʮˣȼհǧԼҲһܹ
Ҷɵķ뵽һδ֮СҶɵı壬ȴվԭز
ЩŵĶǺЦţҡҡͷ
漣Ƿˣǣ漣ֻζţˣ漣ȴζţԿʵδ
ʵϡȻѾﵽ۷壬Ȼһ̷ֹΪʵĵܺǣҶɷһֵܳδ֮УȱһЩؼҪء
ԼϸڻʯҪԼʲôܡЩؼҪأչʾģһֵܳδ֮СȫûκӰ١
Ҷ֪ΪЩ鱳ŵܡ⾳ԶԶ˼Ԫǿߵȼնôʮ㣬Ҳ޷ı
ܲɣһ׵֮
Ҫ֪֮صķޣ֮гǿߣûܴﵽ֮ǵӰӣԼǵӰƵĴǣŬô֮ҲǴﵽ벽ʥ֮ٽһ
ȻǱ󱬷һһɣ׵۷塣ҶţҲɵĿ࣬̾ѡǣͻƷƣɾͲ֮
ԣ޽ӽ㡭
ΨһϣԼѡһδ
Ҷ˼ֳɸ߽һδ֮ʱ뷨ﲢһ
ҶɵҪõһһɹĽ
Ҷȴ֪ǿġܹ̽ײ࣬򣬸ûκϣ
Ҫ̷֪Ϊʵ۳Щδ֮УЩؼҪأһӰûֳ
ҪЩδ֮УһɹĽʩչԳ桱ĵܣδΪΨһôܳɹʵֳ
Ҷֻǰҡͷȥġڽĵλ̧ˣ뱱𼸸һģһĸ߶ʱҶɶĺǻȣҲͬﵽһµĸ߶ȡ

һһδδ飬ʧӰ١
ãδ
һԼȳδȷ
ﲢ֪δܱ֤ҶɿԵõԼҪջ񡣵ǣȴѾЦˡ棬ԼڽԼĹ˻
ҶȻȥ˵ֻ࣬Ų΢˾ͳǰ
ҶԲ㡣
һ仰ȻǳϿ
ҡҡͷʲôû˵ֻǽȫҶɡֻǰģҶɵĻУʲôû˵

ԤԵǸδҶɺһ֮Ҷһ󣬿ʼһֵıչ
һΣҶɲûн뵽ֿ״̬֮С
δڼĥǶȥҪѰҵܣòûʲôԡ
Ȼ˵δԼֵСǣҶɲΪδԼж塣
Ҫ֪ǸĽףħħӶý׵Ŀԡ׵ĸ߶ȣȴҪܵԼơ
ԼڣȷͻƵһˡǣΪλĹϵû취ˣԼħħҲûԼɳȥ
ܼɳͲܸԼӸ߽׵ûиӸ߽׵ôܻȫµĽ
ҶԼ֪Լ¡
Լ߸Զ֮ȻЧ˵áǣǵ⾳ʵֻﵽɶѡǵ֮Իôţ桪
һ棬ΪԼʩչ֮ʱǿҲں棬ʹǵܣһı仯
һ棬ΪԼ뵽״̬ʱһмԪǿ֮ϵѾκһֵͼܣչֳױȵĿֲ
Ҷɵı⣬ֻ밴δȵģɹİʱ䡣
һԳ棬µģǰδ
Ȼ󣬰֮һЩ̬İҲǸһˡڹ飬ҶѾԺûȥ롣
ǡ֮أˣ
ǣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷɲ֪Լһԡ
ԻĲ񣡣
Ҷɲ·󣬿ʼµǸδһʩΪȥʱûоãԼܹջʲô
ҲٶһΪԺã֪ʱ䣬ã
Ҷɸɴˣ̽ԭڽǿ״̬֮ǰĳ롪
͸ķֻȥܻѶʱ䣬ûЧ߶ʮһҲҪϸһ飡
ڵҶɣֺܹŹֵģܳɹ룬ѾȥˡѾȫȫģо
٣ʱ䡣
ǣµĻᣬ֮Ī

Ϊ˶ħǵһ˵ҶѾоǣħʱ֪ģǽһЩ飬ӡ̽ħ֮С
Ǻһħͱһѡ
ÿһħٵģȥйص顣ÿһħΪ޷ݡķѡҶӣһʱ䡣֣ԼȻûκϣɹһħ
鷳ˣҽ˸λ⣬ȴûܽ⡣ǲҵĶҵıͬ
ԼĸԶǿսԶܣӵ⾳ˮ׼Լ˸λ⡣ˣԼЩԶҲֻ֮ͬԼԣǿĵˡ
Ҷʮ˵λˣ֮ûвླڵĵطԼǶݵļսҲԼӦһս
Ҷ΢΢üͷʶѡһһʱûħķֻ꣬ħ
⡣ôѡ
ҶɷӦʱǸѾϸ֮Уʱû취ķֻ꣬Ѿʼħ
ҲûɶôҶҡҡͷ
ħκεطСԶǼūϵķֻꡣҲһħ
ǣħȴϸҪֻЩҶɸˡʡԵķֻ꣬ħݻףԼĶ
Ҷɵһܣһĵܡ
˿Ҷֻзֻ꣬ûꡣѾųɾŵķֻȫɱֻҪһֻ꣬ҶҲɵĻȥĻȥ
жûдǣжϣƵݶϣȴǴش
Ҷڵֻܸʮֻ꣬ħݻʮֻҪǹˣ֪Ҫʲôʱ򣬲һķֻꡣ
ˣΪ˰ȫʮֻеİ˸ɢºͷãĻūϡûϣЯһҶɵı壬ֻһӵԵķֻꡣ
ֻ꣬ȻǽϸǸֻꡣֻҪϸеǸֻ꣬޷ħͳôɹħҲǰϹ
Ҷҡҡͷʧ󡣿ǣûϵ鷢ˡ
ħûȻͺԵģʼϸе
Ҫ֪ҶͳԹǽϸеķֻ꣬Ϊ벻ԶĻʯ
ǣҶɺεǣûκΰ˶ͻٴӷֻ³ȥֻʵڣ
һΣͬħȻҽ
㣬ֱУû뵽飬δϵĻᣬ֮УȻ֡
ܿ죬Ҷɾͷ֣ʵħɵˡԼλ棬ЩħҽΪڽݳϸĹУıʣ˸˽⣡
ȣҶɻûʶζʲôĿһɹ뵽ԼλУȻתˣԼĿռλ֮
ǣû뷨עĿ񣬺ܿͳΪ˹ȥʽ֪жٸʶϿգͬʱֳһģһĿ⣡
ҶɵϰڸʶԴӳ֮󣬴Ǹǣû˷һԴظ˼⡣һΣٳһڸʶէֳͬ⡣һģһ룬ⳬĶʶ֮Уͬʱӿ˳
ǣҶɾΪ˷ѡΪ⣬ϲӡ
ҿߵħȻѰİأ
ڣһȺصĴţ򿪡һصĵطҶɵǰչ֮֡أţ
Ҷ޷ݣԼ֮ʱ浽׷һζ,!
Ȼһ棡
Ҷֿܣû뵽ǲ֮أȻһ棡
Ȼ˵էȥ滹ȽԭʼռСǶûԼСһλ󡣵ǣĵȷȷһ棡
һ֪ӵжؿռλģ棡
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κһ΢һЩǿߣ֪ռĴ·ࡣ
СģȶĿռ䣬ЩҪڿռλ֮ϵĸض졣Ȼܶรض죬еŨȣҪԶĿռλ档ǣռλˣǿ϶𡣶ǻˣŵĿռλ棬ȴʲô仯
ȸضһģǿռλ档˵ռλ滹ֺüǿĿռλɼڣֻˮ׼ǿ߶ѡ
ڿռλռλ֮䣬ںȷСʱԼ࣬㲻ླ𼶴ڣؿռ䡣
棡
棬ǰ˸ռλĵط
档ǰ˸ʱؿռڣ
Ǻǡıȷ˵ռλ֮𣬾ͺһˣϵĳٲλ֮һ
棬Ƕ塣ռλ棬ֻڵһռ䣡
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ڡԼϸ֮еʱǼ䣬Ҷɾ飡
ԭʯ˵ǻ֮壬ʵ˵ˡҲǻ֮壬ֻӵһ棡
ԭΪҵӰ죬ߵˣ˸ָı仯˸ָǱֻΪܵӰ죬ԣЩ仯Щô
ֻڹУںϽôֵܡǿ£Ҳûа취ֹԭܹ֮ĹΪԵʣ
ҵļ״̬ҲԴˡһʥһⱾǸ顣ҵ塣Ӧ޷޴ԾǣΪһ浱ܡԣҲңܿܣһԽʥɼʱ䣬ӳ
ѹ֡ôģǿֲˡ飬ڵֵ٣һ棬ڵֵǿֲ٣
Ȼٵȷˡ룬㲻ã𼶴ڣûа취ֵǣôǿôܸһᲢۣ
ǿֲ֮Ի֣ҲΪͻƾƿʱϸеѶϢ¶˳ٲҪݻңҪݻʲôǿֲ٣Ҫݻ棡
νһɽݶɾ֮ʱռλųµλ֡ҵ棬ֶȻһʱȻҲ
ֻռ䲻Ķ档ӵеʵʮǿԣһͳǿ֮ҵ棬ʵΪԲŲò
Ҷۿ֮أ棬Ϣ˲ӿ֮С
ֻգ۵Ĺ̾ࡣˣȥЩ顣ǸˣԼû뵽ѶϢ
ЩѶϢйģйڿռλ棬ҲйڸռġΪ֪ЩѶϢҶɵ۽磬Ȼʣ
ض죬ֻ۵Ĳ
ռλ棬Ҳֻ͵Ĳռλ汾
ʱԼռ䡣ǵݻУ֮ĲֶεõЩطʵռҪŨö࡭
һеһУȫԴ档ֻ棬Ҳֻ棬ݻֵ
ϣֹһ档ÿһ棬ԼķݻԼشÿһУص㣬ҲѭרŵӵвͬԡƷ֣֮ڲͬ棡
ȻǺϢһʱҶҲȫ꣬ȫŪǣֻգ۵ĹȴҲѾ֪̫̫顣
ܶɻ󣬻Ȼý⡣
ǰ;֮·ҲȻ
ʱ˿̣Ҷɻ֪ΪʲôͱԼһߵϸ֮УȻһռ䡣ǣҶȴѾʮԼӦ
ҵĶǼ״̬ʵڡҪģǿչԼλ档ҪģӦν棬չ׳֪ѣ
뷨ܼ򵥣Ҳ϶ʮȷǣҪȴϼѡ
չλ棬λ治Ͻףʮּ򵥡ֻòϵļȡ̷ʲôĵر߽ڼֶ֮ΣõⲿתԼĿռλ֮ôλһɳ
ǣҪ׳棬Ȼôɡ
棬ԼˣӵбҶҶܹ뵽һ취ԼϸеȥҲЩ׳Լ
ǵ׳󣬸пܣǽ٣ݻЩǣƽ׵˷ԼԼû취ݻȥ
ݻֻҪҲһ죬ݻڵģӵеĿռλ棬᲻Щռλ֮ϣָʽ顭ǣҪ೤ʱ䣿ҵõȵʲôʱ򣬲ܴлøĺô
κһǿߣ֪ԼȻӵһ֮󣬿϶ͲڣʲôԴʲôʲô״̬ˡһġ棬ôֻṩôô
ҶɵĿ⣬ȻģǺģϢͶ˹ȥ
ڵҶɣӵгڸֻꡣÿһֻꡣӵһʶЩʶɵ֪ʶһǵǿ߼Ҳ
նꡢ֮Ҷɡǣ֪ʶͬǿȴԹ
ǡǿ֪ʶȴҲбһ졣
ĺϢոӿҶɵһʶ֮ʱҶɱû̫⡣ǣһЩϢ֮תͷһϰڸʶȻЩϢģûһĿ϶
ʲô׳ۣŽ׳ۣ
ϰڸ˲ϢģʶҶ֮ǿ󣬶ܴ͸𼶴ڵǿߡҲòΪ֮ݡ
ҲЩϢϣͨ͸Ҿ֪ӦΰǸ˰ɡ
ôϢҶ֪ʲôҸķա
ԣֻҪȥЩϢʱûҵΰǸķԼҲܻࡣ
ǣҪȥ೤ʱ䣬ĵپܽЩϢϣȴһѽ⡣
˵ԵģЩϢϰڸʶ֮󣬾ҲûµϢݳ
ѵǸҪϢ͸պֻô𣿾޴ˣ룡
֪ˡ
Ȼֻ֪ҪϸǸ洫ݵϢ͸ܽ⣬ĺôǣҪһ㣬Ҷȴ֪ҪķѶ೤ʱ䡣
ʯ֪ˣǿʯֻǳ֮Уȥģһܡȥʮʱȥˣûʲôչԡ
٣ڣռ棬ĴݣԼ
ҶõϢȻǻʯܽӴ
Ȼ˵ʯӴģûκν˵ϢҶӴģǸ棬Ѿ˵˵Ϣ
ǣЩϢŵ⣬ȻҪҶԼȥоǸôæҲû취⾳˵
νʦţڸˡ
ǰһʱ䣬ʯʦҶɻ˺ܶʱ䡢ŸһЩʦָ֮⣬ӵһĽչ
ڣʦʦȻʯҪǿ̫̫౶ʦṩϢҲȵʯָ㣬ɵӶֻ֪𣬳ʱıչؾޣףЩϢ棬ŵ⡣
ǣڵҶɣппܣµģչؾޣ
Լȥȣ֪ںδ
ԼѾװǰ֮ƣܿδ֪δԼδ֪ľ޴աǣǾ˺ҵ˱¾ҪķѲʱ䡣
ҪҪ֮⡣С顱ҶҲûǡ
ӪԼȥɾأֻɵ۵ĺ˴ٺǡ
ڵҶ˵ֻ΢С顣ǣҶɲ֮ˡֱжԼֻɵۼжԼԼܹ뿪֮أҵػǸͼλĵ·Լ϶Ҫ顣
ҲֻеЩ鶼ˣҶɲпڴ֮ǰǵģѡ˷Ķá
Ⱦ꣬Ȼ󣬾ͷĶáҵעҪڣݵ棡
˳֮ҶɲźۼģƳһۣ֮⣬ΣػԼȻ󣬾Ĭģˣ⺣Ϣ֮ȥ
ҶɲѡϢһѰҵģпܸԤ֮ϢƽȻԼϣ
Ҷɲ֪ϸеǸ棬ûзչԤ֮
Ͼÿһ涼ǲһġڿ֮ҶɻʮԾǲǻһ棬е򣬸ԼԼеȫ෴
֮£ڣͬһ֮Спܣڣ֮䣡
ǣȻʮԾʮֺĲ룬Ҷȴţϸе棬ܿӵУԤ֮
ǿʲôӰ쵽ķչǿʲôǰӵˣԳ桯ǿܣ
㲻ӵԤ֮Ҳ϶ӵУԤ֮
򲻸ˣڼѰʱҶҵ
ûֻ֣ܸоԤ֮Ƶ⾳ˣûȤȥ֡˵ָõ׸
Ѱôʱ֮Ҷɵһע⵽ԼϢʵִڡ
ⲻҶɵȫΪΪ˿ЩҵҪϢһֱǸ⾳ȥۿʲôϢҪԲ鿴һ顣ʱҪøпܣһʱȥˡûκջ
ʵϣһʼҶôණģҲһЩû⾳
ָ򣬸ѧϰʯָ㣬ϲࡣҶϰѧϰԣΪ˽ʡʱһʼҲûȥעЩϢǲּص顣
ҶԼԼѧϰҲûʲôϵڽܻʯָʱѾˡ
ǣ˵ȴһС⡣
ȣҶɲ֪Ӧôܰû֣⾳ϢݸҪһ㣬ֻ͸⾳֮󣬲
Σɹ⾳˹ȥҶҲ֪ûйѧϰܸܲ㶮Щ⾳
ģҲ֡ǡǰ⣬ȴЩ鷳
ֱͨ꣬ӽϢݹȥͺˡҶЩεš
Ⲣǲ飬ֻҪҶɸ޽Լͺˡ
ǣͻԼǾԼֱӽū͵ĵλѾͬλ֪Ҷɣô
ΨһϣģƽȻԼǣͬһЩ鷳
鷳ǣβ꣬Լڶķֻ꣬޽ƽȻԼ
Ҫ֪˵޽ͻԼԼµ޽ᾺԼʱҶɻûնꡢꡣһһĵ޽ԼֻҪ˫ͬ⣬Ȼʲô鷳
ڣҶȴӵ̫ꡣϰڸ꣬һڵĸ壬һлһ塣Ҫô꣬һ޽Լһѵ
ȻѣҪΪ׷ƽȡ
ǵ޽ͻԼԼԷֻ͡Ҫȷÿһֻ꣬ڵ޽Լʱӵ˵ĵλͺˡ
ǣƽȻԼȴһ޽֮ʱȷ˫ƽȡ
ÿ޽һֻԼҪ˫Ĳ㡢ԴﵽƽȵĽ֡һƽ覴ãԼ޷޽ɹ
һҶҪ޽ƽȻԼҪĲ㡢ϰڴΣ
鲻ر鷳һҪظϰڴΣҲ㣬ɵ飡
⣬Ψһ鷳
ʱ˿̣Ҷɵзֻ֮СڻūϵЩֻꡪʶȫϢҶҲû취ȥ㣬Լ£˵޽ԼرǽȷƽȵƽȻԼ᲻ֶ鷳
ƽȻԼĸʽͬǸ鷳Ҫ廨ŵƽȻԼУѡһʺԼĿǰ״ƽȻԼһҪ顣
ǣҶ޷㣡
ѵƾֱ
ȥҶɾãҲֻ취С
󷨱˿Ҷֻ￴һۣϬģ˽
Ҷ磬Ҫҵʲô
ǰҵʱҶѾ½һЩȻ࣬ǣ֮¡ؼȴǰ֪ˡ
ǿ߲һ͡ڲĹУпջั
֪ҶڣѾǵںϡ˺ܳʱ䣬Ԥ֮ĵܣҲԼĵĶ֮СˣҶɵ㡢򣬱Ȼ漰Ԥ֮ѩӱֻͨҶɵ񣬾Ͳ³ˣҶɵҪʲô
֡ϬĸоԼҶ磬׻ᴫԼЩʲôʲôʽڣûνˡˣҶ˵ҪԼ޽ƽȻԼңҪ޽ϰڴʱǺ޸оġšһӦ
Ȼ󡭡ƽȻԼУ
ǵİɣ޽ϰڴΣ۾ʱ͵ɵôģд˲˼顣,!
׼ȷ˵ʮڡһΡ
⻰˵úǱŤǣΪ˸׼ȷ˵ҶҲòϸĽһ¡
عҲ׹
ҲǣҶзֻ޽ƽȻԼɻԼ޽񡣡
ѹûȥ룬ΪʲôҶɷҪԼ޽ƽȻԼʱȫװҶɡھǰǷ֮ˣصĸҶɡҶ˵ʲô
зֻꡣҶһһٵģǳϸ˵һʮڸֻ꣬ڣһֻ겻ܸ޽ƽȻԼֱңһֻ꣬Ҳʲô⡣
ǵ޽ԼУԵһ鷳ƾֱҶɾãӦⲻһΣԼֱǶǴֻеȵֻ궼ɹ޽ԼˣŻ֪׼ȷ𰸡
ûѯʣһֻ⡣΢üЩε˵Ҷ磬Ҫ޽ôƽȻԼҵļҪܶʱ䰡
ÿ޽һλԼ˫ͻЩ΢仯Ȼһε޽ʱֵٴμ㡣
ڻ֪ҶʶļѾû취ӴʶˡﵣĵԼԼÿһμ㣬Ҫһʱ䡣ʱ䣬ž½ӳ
Ҫ֪Ҫ޽ģٶڸꡣѾ۷ڣҲûܽԼ״̬ͷβһ·ȥ
Ϣһ¡ȻԻָǡ˭֪һ֮У޽ôƽȻԼᷢʲôֵıʣһȫ޽ϡȻٻعͷ˳ٶڸƽȻԼӽʡʱһЩ
ü΢뵽ѡεģԴЩ˵һ֮󡣺Ȼ˫һģЦӯӯôôҶ϶뵽˽취ǲǣ
и취Ҷɵ˵ͷ΢΢ЦֻǡҪеһķա

󷨣ҶɺЭ֮£鲼ȫҲѾµˣȫתƵСΧ
һμ߷Եսݲðš
ԭȡҶɲ֥ҲںȻͷǿޣԼ鷳һΣǵȫķ֮ߣҶɲŸҷʩΪ
ڣһСҶͰţʮ֥ԼҲ˳ռƻһи㶨֮Ҷĳ￴һۡ
Ҳû˵ֻһЦ
һУڲ֮У
ն꣡
һΣն꣡
ն֮󣬾ꡣڣظǧǰҶ߹·
Ҫеķգ꣬Ҷնꡢ꣬ƽǣʵնꡢĹУ˸ָΣա
ն꣬ħԼȻ轵ܻܿûȷֻɣѾħ̵
ɹֻɣҲҪγɹԪһķաһû裬ֻͻȥܿγɶ˸񣬱һĴڣ
⡰ԪһȴҪַֻһĶԡ򣬷ֲֻ꣬ʲô壿ֻ֮⣬ŪһʽĴڳдһ㡣
Щգийصķհء⼸գӦιܡҶɿԴھ顣ǣйصգȴн
ҪеգҶҲڡ
㣡㣡㣡
ȻֻʣıܼȻϰڸʶѾû취֮áǣҶȴ㡣
ҪԼķֻ꣬Ҫķֻ꣡
ʵҶҲնꡢϣȻ˵ķֻһһӦ˷ֱ㣬һ޽ƽȻԼǣһûнʡʱ䡣ƽ޹ʵģնꡢʱ䡣
ֻһ취Խʡʱ䣬ҲԲƽ׶նꡢʱ䡣ǣÿնֻ꣬ҶɾѸٰһֳֻ꣬һ˿˿ķֻ
һ￪ʼֻʱҶɵһ˿˿ҲͱͬʱΪͬԭҶɾܸӸЧģ޽֮
ҶҪܵķգڴˡҪܣԼ㡣ҪܣǷֳȥһ˿˿п£˸񣬱ɶڣ
һȫȥķֻ꣬ϾҪڿ˼ѹȥıɵҶôһʧ󣬾ͺܸܿԼǧϲǿֻ꣡
˵ҪԵķգɽǰ޴ĻôҶҪԵķգͱһҪ޴
Ǻһֻ꣬ɹնѳʱҶɵľȫͶ뵽ˣӦһ֪δ֪ķ֮УƽȻԼ£
ǹ׶㣬ѷ
ϰڸֻҪ޽ƽȻԼԭѾΣء?,.!ǣֻҪеΣնϣеķգҶɺﶼԤ֪ôٿѣҲһһһ˷һһ
鷳ģδ֪ķա
ͷ۵ģǶڰеһ֧
նꡢ֮ǰѾԤ֮ۿδԳ棬һδǣȥκһδڴڴ޷ĵطδͲ֪ӦȷһΪȫɿ
գҲû˷ȥʲôѡ
Ҷ뷨һǲնꡢеķգҲҶɵһ˿˿ָݻ˸Ψһĵģ֥
һתۣôʱȥˡ֥ٶҲܻûлصƬ
ǣʱʲôط
ѡʲôʱѡʲô
Ҷɵ׷֮޷ҵ֥û죬һռ֮ۡҲͬûз֥֡ûĺۼ
ʵǹڰ
ֱҶɣ֥ΣյĴڡǣʵȴҶɲòȫעģͶ뵽޽ƽȻԼȥûжľעܣҲûжӦ
ǵ񣬾ȫ֥ȫ֥͵Ϯ
Ҷɶµ˵ϴʸ롣Щлūֻͣһ񣬾Ƿ֥
£ƬĺǺȻ궯
¡࣬Խλ֮أǰ˵յǿߡ
ֻҪ֥Գ֣µˣ;ԲóȻ֣
Ҫ֪֥Ĵڡľ硢Ϊˣؼᣬ飬ǲ˵ֶΡ
ҶԤǿ¡ڶ֮УȻ֥ľ֮ᷢʲô顪
½÷½ᷴ
µ˹ػǲòΪ顣ͬʱǹػҲͬмΣյıء
ȥΨһİ취ǣ֥У
ڡ֥Ǽ٣ͲҶɲˡ
ΪԭǸԪħ褡ϵģ׵˽һ죡
Ҷɱ·һūڡʱҲֻȥ˲ꡣ
ʱ
ԾͣһͽףѲԡ
ôﵽ˽۷壬£ֻһ֮ң
ɽɵȡࡢˮȺͻһ۷壬׵ɶס
ȡֻأ޷ǣΪµİҲΪҶɵľͻơԣǵľ磬Ѿɿ졣
˵褸ЩūͱȽǲġҲȡֻҶɺµô
Ҫǣȥλ֮أóģþλóġҶɱΪܹྭЩ粨סҲ㹻ˡԼҪģһѪսʿһΣУҲܸƴҴū͡㾳͵㣬Ҳպá
ˣڱ·´֮ʱҶɻôһЩᣬ褵ˣЩĥ
ǣҶû뵽ǣ褵õ죡
·ĵһ죬褶жײһһλꡣλûûֵģһ۷褣ֻǱܡǣû룬λովһȺŹήң
Ǻ褺ģһڽļһ˹Уõ˹ǳȺŹľϢ
⾹һҲģʮλ֮ĳȺŹ
飬ͿáؤɵйˡЩһֱϲ̵ĶȺŹսĸ֪Ⱥ˶ٸǿλ꣡
ֻ˶̶̵ģʱ䣬褾ȻһԾ׵˽һ죡
ķԾΪ褵ˣҲͬΪ޵ʣɡλ꣬ЧҪ˸߳
ټϣڼײ˶ζųɾˣ褵Ľһ죡
һ褣Ȼǳ¡֮⣬ҶΪǿū¡ҪǣΪóģ͵Ϯ֮ԣͬģҲó⡢ֵ˵͵Ϯ
Ҷɽ׷֮֮褵ԵøΪǿᡣҶţԼ뼫״̬Ҳ޷£ɹ͵Ϯ
褣ټµ˵ֽ䱸ҶɶЩġϣģ֥¶棬ⲻ֪Ҫʲôʱ򣬲Żᷢģδ֪Σգһ֡
ǣҶʧˡ
ƽȻԼһһɹ޽ᡭ
նꡢȻʮڣյĿ겻ϱƽ
Ƭ󺣣ȻһֱǷƽ˾
ԼСͬ΢С춯֡
ţƽԼԽԽӽȫɹҶɾԽԽûоȥ
Ҳľ˳˳ˮ㶨ƽԼ֥ķ˱ѩޣ
ҶͷոðáȻһ׵ģȻ֣һ
Ũڻ͵ϮǺܵͽ׵ǿߣŻʩչֶΡ
ҶЩģҲѾﵽ졣ôŨңҲûֹǵʶӡ
һŨ׵ĺȻ٣µ˵ĵһӦŨ֮УںϽˣֹʶĵܡ
ǣǴΪԾǣÿһ˵ʶûܵһ˿һ谭ȥʶܿԶڻܿԶ
褣ʲô֣óʵ
һʣͨȥʡµͬΪū໥֮ľֲ̫Զԣȫ˷õĺʣǵעȫ˹
ȺֻȻǻūǣһֱߡжʱǵĿ⣬Ҳ̳Ǳߣɨ˹ȥ
ûСģ
ŸոҪ˵ûκη֡褾ͺһӣë
ʲôо
׷ʲô飿
ûп
ûзκ״
˸ǸҲûܰʲôæ
ǣȴֻëȻֻΣ٣
褺ȻСһ֮ڿΣյʲô
ֻŨϱΣһãǰ
褸ģЩáԲǴԶãЩãӦŨ۶ɡǡȴûκ֤ݡ
ɱ
褶˵廯һ򰵵ӰӣžԼԶáȥ
飡飡飡
Ѵ֮ģʮãͳ顣
ףûлΪŨѵã褲ҡҡͷ
ͬ飬ڲͬطҶɺֲµģСס֮УõƬѾɢһأ
ЩСãʲôʱǱ֮У
µ˴ʧɫ
ӸղŵĻɱЩãҲӡʵ˵Ͳóֻ֡Ҫ㴵ܰǸ״ݻ١
ǡôСĴڡֱ϶ĴڣȻϢģ뵽С֮ϣ
Ҷɷϴʸ룬µˣ¾ҪСҶˡǣǽҶɵѵ
ֻ֥ˣǲܻ
Ȼ˵ǾãȻôСã˹ģС֮ϡôǿģѾﵽ쾳֥ҲϢǱϵ
ǣʵ̫ǿˣǲΥ
Ҷ޵еҲȻʧɫǣǵǱȽϰȣȽϷġ
µ֪ʱ˿̣ҶɺˣѾؼʱֻҪʮֻ꣬ҶֻҪٵ޽ἸʮƽȻԼͿԴ󹦸ɡͷȫκӦıʣ
ʵϣ˵ֵˣⳡҲһ֪
µˣ֪ڵǲ֪һΣ˴ˣ˰Լ쳣ΣյľصСµ˵עȫתƵЩƬ档ΪǷ֣ЩСƬȻƯڿУ׹䣡
µʱ뵽Ƕɸ߿գЩÿȴֻˮ׼շ׼ȷҵǣѾǳˡǴƬЩƬôܻ
ʱ䣬˵ģȫ
δ֪ã
δ֪Σգ
ԽǸߵȼĴڣԽδ֪
ѵһǿĴڣڱвݣ
µһЩƬһɢʶĴ鿴
ܣȫŨҲûڡ
µ̷µĹŹ֣ԭЩãֻǣͻΧ֣
Ǻεص飡
Ҫ֪һ˵ȣֲʮĿռµʣԼһѷҲһڷһģһ˷ѵģڵǰ
ʱ䣬˾;ãЩΧƬӵĪ⡣ǶЩƬĹע̶ȣҲǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ǣ˶û뵽ǣѾŬһе褣ûǰǣЩƬûгʲô춯ǣһȺµãǰ
һΣǽڵã
˲ʱ䣬˾׼ȷжϡ
һεľ飬һΣ˲նɱֻ˻֣һ³ֵģڵãȫޡ
ûһΣȫޡûһƬ
ǿնɱĳЩطԣֻˮ׼ãҲữޡ
һΣֻӻ֡ǣȴõвλֻ˾ˮ׼ãܵĹЩߵȼڣֻһ֣ЩãҲȫΪޣ
û
۾һֶͬΣЩԾڸ߿֮еģƬ֮ϡ?,.!
ģΪޣ
ȻܹǾͲ̫Σաš
ǵģЩãڽáһδλɱõˮ׼ͻһδαǿԽãǿ߶ʮĴڡ׼ȷ˵κοսҽĶκǿ߶ʮᡣ
ãսż챦λꡭôһЩǿߣӵһЩֵǿԴԶĶǻЩڼҵսУһδǿ
ڣǿԼûа취Ƶĳ̶ȣ
ãǰʱ˵״̬ǰ˺ܶࡣ
˵ãѾΪ
˼壬ӵǵã
˾ԪӤڣǳΪıҪǰãԪӤڵá
һλ֣һλ𣬴Ҷ룺һǿڤڵ֥ٸʲôѵѾĵЩ𣿡
û֪ⳡ֥Ҳûа취һս

һδεĻһδεĳ֡һЩõˮ׼ʹ͵ˮ׼˾ż
ɡֻҪһΣͻɾ֣
ģһα
Ȼ˵˵սһĴڡǣɾͻӵпռλ棬ɾܵÿռλ֮սɾ֮ս
ֻҪֻ֮ɳɣҲζţʵı仯
ϾЩʵΡֱڣûһ˷֡ЩõǴĳ
ǴԶҲŨɣǴռɱЩŹֵãǵ״ʲôط
Ϊɻʼ޷õ׼ȷˡʱʱ˶Լͬģȸ·
ⳡûг֮ǰ˾ѾطҪ뱣͵ȷԼᱻ˲ɱ򵥵û˭᲻ס
ַԭ֥µġַȥǸΪʵϣһ˵ȵķͨĿռۣ֥ͨ˭ģȺȺ
ЩֵʵڹŹ֣Ѿ㹻ˡǣһλܿܽͻɾʱ˻ǲԼͬģ֮⣬ּһط
ʵ֤˵Ĺʮȷ˵ֱʮȷ
һ֣˵ĹȻû̽ݻ٣
ȷһĵǣô᲻
硢һ졣ǣǿ£Ҳûܻɱһ
ᵼͣ֡
սĴˣΪŹֵ飬ٻԼĹҵĹЩʱЩΪޡֻǣڻΪ֮ǰǵȴҲ˲ɵðľ
һ㣬ʹҵı壡
²µķ˺ѡ
ͲµҲûֵܵס
ǰһط㲻ãȲµᱻЩݻ٣
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ĬȻ
Ҫ֪Ȳµ֥¡һڸһǿԱ˵УҲܱȵ֥
Щж٣
һʼֱڣÿһ˵⣬ͬʱֵ಻٣ʮ
ʮһȻһΣ±֥ҪǿĹʲô
ȫûе
죬Ѿ޷ЩǣûһܹµĴʻ㣬Щ
ĬȻһγ֣ǲǣǾҪս
ĬȻĬȻɵģ޲ֻǧһɲǹǵָԭ״Լ֮䣬
ĬȻˣһԾ
һι칥ǵսȻЩ΢
ȲµȻ˺ޱֶΡҪ֪֮УǿҲһͽ״ڡҪԵģȴ֥£ҪǻǾ͵
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ǣ˷֣ԼߵսȻҲ͸ˣò˼飡
ĳ֣һĹɡ,!ÿһ𣬶Ҫϲʱ䣬Żһ֡
ʱ䣬㹻˶಼¼ʱ䣬Ҳ˺úһ룬ı󣬵ʲôܡ
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ûз֣Ȼս⡣ǣƺͬһʱ䣬Щݻ٣
ֻһ˵˲ɵãüͷ
ȷݻʱ䣬һģһǸղһΣҲòøǿԸӿݵĽ࣬ȥɱͬطֵҲͬһʱϣ
ѵ˵Щ֮䣬Ҳʲôϵ
ֻأ£սߵͲ֮⣬Ѿֱ㡣ǣ»ɱֻػɱЧȴһģһġ
˵пܣҵĹƳԼΧʮȥǣʵϣеƽ̯ͬģЩ
ȥ͸˵¡\ǣ֪֮ϵԲͨռͨ໥ӡ
¶yin졣ͽһƬĿռ䣬ƿءһyin컹Ҫǿģͬռǿ֣߳Ҳyin죬ʩչʲôռֶΡ
ȻyinûʾjingǾζţЩ֮䡣ûͨռͨƽֹķ
ôʲôϵ
Щˡ˼⡣ЩˣĿ⣬һͶˡڵС
һ󵨵Ĳ²⣡Ȼ褳˵ҲղŲƵǷЩԻˣ
ĿͶСģ褡˳褵Ŀ⿴ȥҶʱף褵˵Щʲô
˼ǣǲֵܹңܷshȵôǣʱ˿̣֮Сĳɷ֣ȴ
Ҿȣ޵֮ԭ޹Ϊͭ
ӻҶѧħħݶһкҲԺͭΪһţȫµй
صǣúҾȣӵ˷sh
һԳô޴һڣ޼ɵķsh˵ĹζʲôζţԽ࣬ʹԽˡԽǿԽ
ֻϧֻһԸʱȣǿУshκι
λ֮أɱλĹУܲԹԼ
ʮԼͬĴڣ
ȵĽۣһԵĹˮƽôԼķshǵȫãܿܣԼ˺
ԭȾãҲѾ˲ˡԼֲǻǵڣԼܹʮͬĴڣҿ϶ռϷ磬Ѿţˡ
û뵽ȻбԼţ治֪ٱģڣ
褵Ĳ²ûдôǰһ󲿷ڻҶɡ׼ȷ˵ڻҶɣֲµһǿ
Ҫ֪Щ󣬷ǵҶеԶңˣҶɶǸĳʶ
Ȼ˵ֻһ㣬΢ʶˡǣȴҶɲµ󷨣ӵ˿Ե벽ʥɼڵĿܣ
˵ﻹЩУֶΡ
Ԥ֮ǿߣֲֶ֮Զֶ֮yin𣬸ܸӡȻ˵һֱڼŮƵ̬ǰ֡ǣһֶεʱǿ£ɵ಻ѡ
Ϊԣһһ֮ʱܵ󷨹Ҳһαһθǿ
ϲô϶ԼߵĹshС֮СС󷨵ǿֱᷴЩsh
ǰΪûܵһʱ䣬ݻ١ԣ֮һͳ͹ܺͣ϶ﵽһɼǿߣȫֵˮ׼
ȷʵǽ⹥shС֮ϡôСһ󷨵ǿҷﵽɼ㲻ãпһɼڵģȫһ
褵Ĳ²⣬ʮִ󵨡褵Ĳ²УҲһЩʡ
˵ηshܻһЩЩǣôڻ֮ǰηsh
ٱ˵ΪʲôΧ˵СϳֵЩǡþͷֳΪʲôߵ֮䣬ûٷӪ
ǣΪʲôߵȽshСϡȻСϵŻὫshѲɣߵĹضСǱߵĹǡǡһߣ
,֧֣Ķģ
!
褵Ĳ룬ܿ͵õ֤ʵ
һʱ˶ʮĬģֻ
һǾӦȳķ乥˰ɡ
Ҷֹţǣʵ뷨ȴǡǡ෴
Ȼ鷢ˡ
ԼûСǱߣûг֣
׼ȷ˵ûг֡ʵϣӰӻǳˡȻŨǣȴǻһӰӡͺ⴩͸Щһ
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ЩЩ飬һһս˵ĳ
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ţֻҪԼ߲Լߵһࡱģв
Ȼˮһ飬ѿڶ
ֻҪһֱվŲǲһֱˮ׼棿
Ҫһʼˮ˵϶ᱻɰ׳ա
Ȼ֪ЩǴĳģǡȻǺȻ˷˽ôͲӦһֱڵˮ׼档ֹǱ˸Ц
ڡ
Сٿƹƹңҷɵģûаôˡ
Ǿ͵һȿ
˺һӣΪߵ£˵һ䡣˵⻰ʱˮǾ仰Ѿȥ˿һʱ䡣
ȡ
ȡ
ȡ
Ȼɶôɵģһֱ󺰴Уɱҿǣһķ˿ûκпܱ˵ļ
˵Ǹ֥ǲncȥˮûв´
ôӦЩеİɡҪȵʱһЩŻЩ仯
Ҳ˵׼Ҫȵиˣ֥ŻУǾܴ⣡
Ǵⲻ⣬ʲôϵ˵Ԥ⡣ò˶೤ʱ䣬˾Ҫˡ
ڽһڻūٻʱҶɲû˵ԼҪʲôˣū͡Ҫԡ
ǡξ޵ʱ䣬Ҷȴǰ֪ˡ
60죬಻80죡
Ҷɵԭ˵ȴʱ䣬ۼţҪﵽ60죡
ʱ򣬾Ȼ䡣ι죬Ҽָʮ죬ѵʮѣôʱ䶼ֲȥô֥ɴֱôɱ˺ˡοģʮ죡
˵ţǣ滹ǺЩ
ʵǹڹˣַ乥ֶΣǿ
褴󵨲²⣬˺Ĭһһɶʱ򣬴Ҫܵǿ󷴻ܻܿ顣ֻܿءսĴڣش
ǣ֡ɵ˼㡣ȫûõĿɱʮ죬ҲۣǱĲߣѵģ
죬ʵ̫졣ԣֻҪûнޣӹһСô;Բ⡣
ʲôģ˹ǰɢˡ
֯ڲϵĽУʮʱ䣬ת˲š
Ҷɽյ˫ۣȻ
ڸ㶨ˣ
Ҷĵ΢Цţ΢Цֻ֮ͣһɲǣҲӰ١
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Ǳ߲ߵͲ֣
ҶҲ飬Դεģ벻Ȼ
ˣ뿪
һȥµˣѸͨԤȲµĿռͨҶɵߡ
һģ뵽ҶɵĿռλ档
ﻹû˫ۡ
ʵϣ޽ƽȻԼòʮ졣ֻǣҪȹķֻꡣңʮ׵ģֻеģҶɵЩ˿ȡҪܶʱ䡣
ǰ޽ԼչٶȱҶԤÿöࡣһ֮󲻾ãҶɾѾƽȻԼĵ޽ᡣ
ǣβĹȴϵ鷳һһȥʱ䣬Ǵﵽ73졣
ڣĬĬȶŷֻꡣҶʮѸٵģͽֻȶʮڸֻ꣬ȶˣһּǶ壬лģ״̬֮С
ǣҶɽµˣԼĿռλкȻ֣ﻹûнβ
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Ҷɨ״֪ԭЩǴԽʱ䣬,!
ǵӰӳˣǵıȴûг֣ΪʱӰѾǰʱΡǵıȴǲ
һй죬˵֮󣬾Ͳٸ˴κι֮С
Щ֮ԳֵأΪڲͬʱȷطȻֱӿԽʱ䣬ȴŲռ䡣
ԣôͣҲǰЩ
µôȺȺΪûһ˽⣬صʱ֮ԣҲûܷ֣Щȥ
ڷֵеĵ͸Ӽ򵥡
ģʱطôͬʱط׼ʱ䣡
ôǿĹӴĿ꣬Ŀ꣬Σڼ䶼ȥһЩʱ䡣
硭
³ֻ֣س֣Ϊսرԡеʱ䣬һȺ˳
ǣȺڼ࣬ᳬڷ֮һɲǡôʱ䣬ǿ߶ԣôʱ䡣ʵǹڶݡǣʱ֮ǿ˵ȴǴ´ˡ
ʱ䡣һδεģڣһǿֵ߳˲䡣Ȼ󡣻ʱ䣬ЩһټԾķ䡣
ǺͱȫˡǺºֻ֮䣬ȻսԶǣǴʱ䣬ȴ£ûκβ
Ƿ乥ԭҲˡֻҪ֪˹ԭ򣬾ͺƽ⡣ǡ
ΣҶɲüͷ
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ǣܲҵǣԤ֮ʱأ
Ԥ֮ǿߣȶĹȥ޵δ
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ǽ޵δ̵ڡ
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Ȼ˵Ԥ֮ǿߣʱ֮ǿߣֱϵ𡣵ǣҵĵʱأȴɵġ
ն꣬꣬Ϊϰڸֻꡣÿһֻ꣬ȻȻģ޵ҲԤ֮
ʼβʱҪȥȶһзֻ꣬ȻȻģͶԤ֮
һֻ꣬Ԥ֮зֻ꣬ͬʱԤ֮
ûšţֻҪŸʱ޹ءôȶϰڸֻ꣬Ҫѵʱ䣬϶ҶҪݵö࣬ȫöࡣôֻ꣬һʩչԤ֮ôȶأҲǰ֪ǰ
ǣʮֲҵǣʱ֮
Ҷʮĸоķֻ֮䣬ʱ
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ЩرʱҶֻз
ˡôΪҶɻûн˿ȡҶɾͿԸһ𣬳еաȻ˵ҶҲûʱ֮ǣϾֶθӷḻһЩһΣգɹİǻһЩ
ڣҶѾ˿ȡ˳ڵҲûа취ȥﲢս
ΪͲ֪Щֻ꣬ÿһԵΣգһʱΣ
ʵ֪ΣҶɲʱ֮ǿߣ֪һʱΣҲû취Լķֻ꣬ȥЩʱﲢսΨһ飬Ǳʱܳһֱӹı壡
ԭҶǴ㣬ռλ棬ȻﳤȥġûκȤЩʱεǣһһģս
ڣûȥ
ΣƶѾڼȵΣ״̬֮ˣҪţ㲻ãͻֱӱ
ϰڸֻ꣬Ȼʮǿ󡣵ǣٶڸֻ꣬һʱŷĻ֮Ҳͬǿ
ͺñȣҶʩչֶΣһĵֲˣ֮һһϰڸֻ꣬ƽ⣬ʲôӡ伤Ļ֮Ҳ˲仯촷ۣ
ҶҲѻȥ
ƽȻԼͻԼͬ޽ͻԼһˣ̫鷳ǣƽȻԼһˣƽȻԼһҲܵشˣ
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ʱҶɿþ棬һ֡ǹҲûɱ״̬֮Сǣʮֵģڰ֥
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˵ֻ֥֣һСָܰҶɸĿֲڡ˵ڹϷŪҶɡ
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Ҷɽ뵽״̬ʱḻ𣬻֪ܡȻѾӵ֥ȴֻɵվԭأͼҶɷ
֥ǿ𡣶òԱճ֥ƾʲôӸµģϷŪҶɣ
ܲǣ̶̼ʮʱ䣬һԾΪˣʥɼڣҶʮֲģҡҡͷ
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ѲɡһʥһнףҲϲԾ
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֮ôǿڡ֮Ծۼһ֮Ը뵽״̬ǾҪȺȺͻƿ
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Ҫôڳʶռ䡣Ҫôʹƾֱ
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ֱԶȷ㣬ҲԶȷֻ߶ã׼ȷʡǣҲܰٷ֮ٵı֤
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£ƽľһЩ⾳Ϣ
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ŵ˵ûһʱؾ֮ãҶȥΣ˽߾ȫסûɶΪˡ
һݣ֪ʱؾĹ֮ǰҶԭĴ㣬ֻһЩ͵ıơʱʮһɼڽȥ󣬶޷ȷȫĵطԼûܣԵʲô
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ҶɰԸ̾ţЩĽĽûгáΪڹʱʱ֮ͷ֣Щֻмʱʧ
Σգܻøʱ䡣ЩΣգ֪֥ʲôʱͻȻѡѡ񣬻ǳΡ
ҶɿЦҡҡͷȥʣֻ迴Щֻ֪ɹռƣҲΪ˻øʱ䣬ͣ֡
ʵϣҲѾʶⷬΣĹ죬ŬƴԸΪҶɵĸ
һʱһδʷĹ켣֮ϣϰڸķֻ꣬߾ȫģ벻ͬΣżҲΪԪһĹϵʮĸоԼķֻǣеĽչѸ٣еȴȽѡ
ͬʱҪ˷Ѻܶʱ䣬ܳɹƽһзֻ֮
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˵֥Ū˰ݣҶҲûлᣬٰѰŪ֡

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˶٣ЦҿСһ˳ۣͶһЩϢ
ÿΣǲѯսϢҲҪ5ʤ㡣Ҫʤ㣬һʲôѯҲҪ5ʤ㣡򵥵˵ԺֻҪٻңپҪ5ʤ㡣Ҫûʤ㣬ǾǽҶүүҲ¶棡
Щﲻɵֹ˵Ǻӵдʤ㣿
ûŪ㹻ʤ㡣
Ȼвû˵Ӧʧܵһһʤ㣬ȫ˷ѵǣǴһͨսչпܣҵʤȫ㣡
ٶ࣬ǣˣܵʤ㣬ֻ½
ǡ
ǣԴԴϵģ˼Ҷɵ˵
ȷΨһʤİ취
˳һսʤͿԻ10ʤ㡣1000˽ȫʤ͵ӵ10000ʤ㡣ֻҪͣսʤЩˣܰǵʤ㣬ͳͳ̻
ʱȥҶڳ׸ףԭˣ
ʵˣҶת˵һжʱﲻɵôһ
Ҷ磬˼ǣǼֻǿܣ
ûֻǿܣһ˲ݵĿܣһ˽ĿܡĿӦúֻܶ࣬ǣ֮⣬඼ʱؾҶޱ˵Ҳ£У⡣ԴԴϵģΪǸǿߣ˴ˡ
ԣѡҶ磿ҪҶҲɿܣҲ˹
ҶɵݲУڵģǸòڰļˡֻҪҶɣҶȥͬ顣
ֻ֥ǸСɫжôǿˣעΪǸ֪ǿߣȥ10ʤ㡣
ǣȻˣΪʲôҪ֥ľ磬˸߶ȣкܶ⣬벻ס
ɱˣ˵ΪˣܻܿƻԼļƻǣ֥磬˵ͨˡӹϿ֥ԽߣԽΪǸ֪ǿߣʤ㡣
⡣ҪʶˡҶЦЦĿŶ
ȻˣһʤǿߣǴŪʤ㣿
һ֥ûν𻹿Գȥˡĸˣܸ10ʤ㡣ΪʲôϧԱҲҪ֥ߣ
ȻʱؾѾôʱ䡣ôΪʲôƻǿߣڶûŪ㹻ʤ㣿
ҶɵʡǿŴЦСһֻ10ʤ㡣ѵô𣿡
㹻ʤ㡣ԸشЩ𣿡Ҷɲ޳ЦӦ˵һʤ㣬ϸȷ𣿡
ҶɲϱʶҲЩ׹
һƲл꣬Ļϲ⣡
ȶشҶɺȻʵ»֮㴫ȥİɡйԪţôһ壬µǾʣ
ɫ䡣
Сһ̫ˣһ򲻳
вңҶɲɵһЦѾ㹻ǿˡͶﻹҪͶӰÿjjyy
էȥٿءǣʵϣ϶ⶭӡ
֥Ϊ˸ⶭǿꡣԽǿ꣬лЧͺã
ʵϣҶɶɣ⵽ǲǶĲлꡣʱ˫޵ǿߣ˲õĴڡвл£ҲҪ̻ͨꡢطָܻ
ҲֻʱؾһлꡣҲֻǸĵУһлꡣ֮ܶ궭µĹ򣬿϶㣬ԳƶҲû񶭿ǿûвõҰ֣
úúãСһĺܴʵ̫ˣ
κοŵĴЦκοŵԡֻⶭɫģ˵ûûɱ㡣ǣɱǿߣڡֻҪҷųȥһµսͻɹԻ˶ã
ϻ࣡
ҶѾٴȻѾףҪģƵһ谭ȡݡ
ȻûݡҲͲôһϹģ˷ԼľˡȻ˵һԳǣ뿪Ҳͬȡ꣬Լ
ЩвĻûҶɷϡвˣʵʵȥ¡ⶭԽвԽ֤ǿиɣ
ãȥϢҶ޶ԣɵö˶ţҪԶͶӰͶӰɢȥ֮ǰǶв䡣
㲻ҪΪǿߺ١ߺߣʵ㡣ƴĵطгһǧڸǿߡÿһľ磬Ҫǿö࣡
һǧڣ
ﲻȵü¶һ˿Цݡ
˵ŨǵȰҪöࡣǣڸߵȼǿ˵ȷʵ󡣾⺣׿ʮɣǣҲôߵȼŵġ
˵ʲôض졣ôӦͷˡһһǧڵģߵȼǿߣʲôط
էȥǶں
ͺĳŭһǶɤţµţ֪֪ķβȻ󡣵ȫչȴԸ޴Ĺ㳡Ƿμԭ֪СĿռҲӴڣ֪С׳գ
˵ⷬ׼ˡǣҶȴȻ˵ȵȣǴԽģԽ
μΡ
һһͷˮʣҲڵĸ
ǣҶȴ˵ǸΨһͽܣ洩Խͽܣ˵ǸУǸģ࣬ϡŹֵʡ
μΣ֮һ
ʱҶɣȻûȤȥоЩʡʱֻ˾ǿߡԼеûףģȥо顣
ֻǣǿߵļôŹֵʣҶɸֻһ飬Ѿס
Խһʺ󣬲Ȼһ
㣬ô֪ģĪ
һͽܣһǸУԽҶɵЦֻáԽߣ˸塣ȴܵùĴԽܹҲǺ˲𡣡
ⲻҶڹάһȷ˲
ԭҶΪԳƶĲл꣬ʱؾݻǸ涭ĵУɳ
ڲ֪һȻǴԽҲ
ر࣬ʱؾķرϿһͳͳĨɱ۷弶ĴڣҲûа취Υ
һȻ˷ͷȻһ䡰˲𡱡
Ҷڲ²⣬һ˸ǿꡣԲ
뿴ʱţĴԽʱôСԼֻ˾ˮ׼ɰţĸ
һȻ̵һǿꡣ㲻ãʱؾݻǿꡣΪˡǱʲôԭ򡣼Ȼܹһ㣬ǾҶĴָһ䣡
Ҷɵĳޣûһκθı䡣
ߣΪϵҸıԣǣǿˣ
˵գһΣʧˡ
ҶɵϣҲ֮¶ˡʮֹŹֵЦݡ

˵ǿϮɱԼҶûʲôȤյսȫʢڵǿϮҲһɱ
⣬ҪĴ䡣һЩǿ߳֡򣬾;ᱻ˷֡
Σֻһпܻᵣһֻʱ˫ΧҺΣɵҰѰ̵
ɶɵԭܸöǿ߲µֶΡǣںͶ֮Ҷȴӵƶ򵥴ֱķЧ
Ȼɵһͱ仯˱塣ֻһͷ˶ǣſ޴졣Ũܰͱģ˽ȥ
һһҶɵߣ̾
ô˼Ӧ֮ˣҶɺǺЦʵô鷳ֻҪ֮ǿ濹ˡ͵ϮĻǿֲʱʱ̵̿ģʩչ֮
ɵչֳ֮ܣﰵľʱ˫ĵܶɵϻжٶɵ̵ģ
Ȼ˵ʱ˫Ϊûǿ߲ٿأԵñȽľګȽСǣôҲĵܡû룬Ȼͱɵȥ
ɵɵʱͲ롣ҪҸսҵԤ֮ǲҲᱻһ̵
ҶɵķӵȻãҲֻһ˼ûôҲûֶΡѾͻˣôܣȻתΪ͵Ϯ㣬ıֶΣתˣҲ
ﱾΪҶֻ˳˵˵ȻһЦ⻰ҲҶˡǣûϵǣϰڸеĶʶȻת
һΣᵽˣǿĺôûӦһзʹһʶУӵ
ԭ
ֱţԼĽǣÿһȷȷʵʵģԼЩǱǿӸԼġô٣ܻһЩԼҪ
˰ɡҶɺǺЦôֻ꣬Ҳӵ˸ս仯ɵֶΣɵľӦֻˣƽҲҪСġֻҪûгƽԵ⣬ǣֵˣ
˷ܵĵ˵ͷһջԽ⡣
ʱɵƬɣҲһ롣ǶˣһͶӰһγǰ
˵Ҫʲôǲܺƽദ
ƽദҶɹЦţ˵ҪݣбŪ𣿡
˲ʱ䣬ɫʮĹֶ(յ
ҪŪƣһ¶Լľѹ
۷壿ҶüѹţֻԶԶ
֪ܱһֺǿʮŵ˵˺ܴù֮󣬸ʮԡȱ㱬Ȼ̶͵ϮãЩʹӣƯСмɰգԻס㣿
΢˶٣ҶɿڣּҪΪñͿɱҶֻҪƲǸֹҾԶ
֪֪ҶЦëǷϻ̫࣡
ڶ˵ʱۼţɵֽʣ˲١
ҶɿЩŵĵУҶ֪ļ٣ζʲô
ܿĵУʧ֮Ķ
ʲôʱֵģʵ
Ȼ۾ŵɵǣ˭֪ʵҶɡ
Ҳ֪Ҷ޲Ӧֻϻ̫ࡣ
ĬȻ
ԭС˵ЩǳĬԣΪװxǵԶʧ
ãȻ˵ôһ䡣ǣı֣ȴûһĹµ˼
Ϊһͨƪۡ
µûЦЦ˵ⳡƵἤ˯ŵǸʶôҲǵһսͬʱƵǡһǻúúõģ
ͣһҶûнӲ˵˼һ˽˵ȥ
ΪѾϴ԰ѹȥȻ˵ѹҲҪۡǣ˵ۣ㲻ʲô
ֿͣһǡ֣Ҷɻûκ˵˼ǣ˵ȻҲϲִۡ¶˵ִ۸ʲôԣϣиʽƽ
һͣһģҶɳĬԡ
һƷΣ
˵ʵ룬Ĳ͡һָ˵һƷʱվҶߵͲԶڿ̰ɫɵɵ΢΢˶
ǣҶɻǲ˵
ټһ˲١
Ŷļ룬üëɵ˼¡
Զɵǲͣһɲǣż
Ʒ㹻һɼǿΪ֮㹻һɼǿȫ֣
ǣҶԾ޶ԡ
һߣңҿΪṩһЩõϢЩϢ԰ʤ㣬õݣ
ƷңҶȥðݣ
ڶˣľΪ޷ֳֵ롣΢΢ƫתһǭףһ˫ĿֱֱĶҶɵ˫ƺŹҶɽҪشģκһ֡
һΣɵͣˡ
ղţɵƷˣͣôһɲǵʱ䡣ǣּܿ
һΣǳ׵׵ͣΪһΣ˻ɽˡ
Ͼ˭֪ݡͲٴ뷽跨ȥΣѰһݵ䡣
ѾĴۡҶɻݡҶ֪϶ʲôè塣ǣԺ顣̵ôҲܲ
ǡ
֪Ǹ棬Ҳܱ
..Ĵ
ŭˣ߳ŭ
ôֵģ
⣬˼ѿڶΪһλشģ޵ĳĬǣһβ´ˣû뵽ҶɾȻشˣңʮϸģش⡣
ֻҶǿڻش⡣
ϲŵĴЦŵ˵ڣϲ߶߶˵էȥԸʹȻʵһֶֹΡ
Ӱֵ˵ǣҲûиоκ֮Ĺ
Ȼû֮ǣҶ߾ˣٵģҲܸоֵ⾳
֮ĹҶɺǺЦǸûʲôеһЩѧԭ
ѧԭգգ۾ʮֲ⡣
ôͲźأ
Ҷ룬ԼʵǺ˵ϾҲֻͨţṩϢ֪һЩһķʱһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ô˵źá
ˣҲ̫ȰץסȻͣ򣨽յ
ץң
ãԼͺһЦ
Ҷɣ֪֪㵽˵Щʲô
ȻѾҶɸҴǣȴһĆֽʵһԼһЩֶΣѾϰߡ
ûûǧǿߡܴѾµЩǿ߻϶֪ˣҵĴڡ
˵ҡʱҧҧúء̲ŵ⣬ڳļˣȫװס
ǣⲻǻ޶ԣֻҪ㴦ǣûκϣӽңЦҲǣܻɱõǧڸΪҲǽǿ𣿾һ˵ʱץңҵ㣡
ЦУͶӰһδӿʧ
ɵ㶣Ȼһʩչܡ
վҶߵÿܵ񡱵Ŀ⣬еĿҶɡ
Ҷ磬Ǹʲô
ţҶ˵һܹһ뵽ҪԳǧڸΪҲǽĴڣ;ѪڣսⰻȻ
ǡ
ȥ֥

֥ţţһú
һٲ¥һ㣬ȫͨóһ޴ģİ칫ҡ
֥б칫ĵĶһȡϸϸƷ
էʱ֥һиˡҲĶ࣬ǣû˵ļҳлὨӡͲ֪ĸ¥װΣԼĺںڵģŵɬģζƳƷ
֥Ϊһжǻ񡣵ǣľΪо˺üʱףЩġ
Щǵģǻţһķ򣡡
һ뵽֥˷ܵûȡ
Ϊʲô
𰸶ֶҲΪ˳ϣҲΪ˱øǿѵͳͳɱ⡣ǣκһּ֥ǿߣ֮ʱԽԽ
ɣ
ûɣ
չأһ򡭡էȥԼģԼġ˭ʩᡣǣֻеּ֥ǿߣ֪һԿԵһ˵꣡
򵥵˵Խǿ󣬾ԽǾãԼɡʲôͨʲôʲôٶȾˣԽǿĴڣԽףЩʵԼģЩֻĴ裡
ԼԼԼɵģԼĵҲġû棬ԼŬ࣬ٸߣչʱٳʲôô
ԼҪ棬ԼҲò棬ܱøǿ󡣵ǣͬʱԼҲ档ԽǿԼԽܹоԼĲɡ
ÿһﵽԪ֮ǿߣٵģܲһ㡣ǣһ˵ֻдﵽɼǿߣ̵ܸᵽ֡ɡĸо
ԣҪҪͻƵһȥ
֮
港࣬಻࣡
Ȼ˵ﵽ˲֮ҲǳԽԼԼ档ǣܹ鵽˲֮ǿ߾ͻԼоԼи棬ƽƽϣˡ
ɾͲ࣡
һǿõľ磬֮еɼǣҲˡ
ڣ֥ˣһµĽ;
ںеת򣡣
ҲΪʲôôļһֵطҲ뿪Եʰɡ
͸ʮɵĲĻǽ֥ϵĳˮ۵ס
ԽǸߵȼǿߣٶȾԽǾˡǵٶȾˣƶĵҲȽ͡˵սһǿԸԼУҲöʲôб
ǣЩǿǣҲǽǿǣ˵ԼˣǸǰȵģһƸĳ棬ڵϡƶ
֥ŵУЩǿԼеĻɲǵʱ䣬ǾһȦ˲ƣǧ֮һɲǵʱ䶼òţǾתһȦ
ǣȴԸͣβģʮСʱܴԽеĹֶ
ǲǻѧϰǻǻһͥ
ȣ֥շ˵һСʱʽܲΪȻڣ֥Ѿʽ
ϧǣ˶ꡣ
ˣ󲿷ٲǴģǿߡǿԳڴһ֮Сǣ֥ȴС
ʱؾķ֥ôа취ȥһٽֲ֪ȥ˶ٸꡣˣֲ֪о˶٣顣˶Էںоֻﵽһ̶ֳȡ
ΪʲôҲΪʲôҷҪǿߣΪʲôҾͲԶо򣿡
֥Թ԰ʱֱһרõݣȻ򿪡һӢӣ̤ļ˹
³Ӯˣ壨յ߸
֥һֱش½Ҳûκת˼!
֪ˣ֥˵ţͶеĿȣҪƷ
ǣʱˣǸӢӼ˵
һӣ֥ȻվеĿȱݺݵ˹ľذϡ
ɶΪʲôôǿ֥ŭĵͺһȻ󣬺ָֻܿˣ˳鷳ǲڹܡ
ǡǸӢӵ˵ͷת뿪
ټİ칫һοһˣ֥ϣ¶ԴЦݣԽǿԽãҪܰǼһɵǾͺϼӺã

Ҷɺڽ˺ʮģصطʱȻѾһ׼ǣǻǱǰһ
Ҷ磬ЩϷɵģܵģʲô
գʱֵɹ
Űǿߣϣֵ·м˵УһƮɢŵīֽſҲ֪дʲôǼ˵ϡʮ֣صɫ
ٿ棬ڱۡ
ÿһУҲǿ߶Ҳֵ·ҲЩУƵֽšֻǵ飬ƺҪɵöࡣڣЩ˻߿Ц·𣬶ˬʵĴЦ֮
ϷɵĽзɻܵĽ㿴Ǳ߻жڱܣǸл𳵡졣ֻһСҶɾͺǺЦ
Ѿ֪Ϊʲôгǧǿߣ뿪
飬о򣡡
ҶɶЩȴ
ȻڣҲѾǿˣңԼоһеģԤ֮ĵ򡣵ǣʵϡãԶ֥ǰ̡
Ҷ磬ЩٶҲ̫˰ɡһôǿߣΪʲôԼɣʵ
⣬ҸЩ⾳ߣ㿪ʼ̲ܹ֮סҶɲûֱӽͣܶĴ𰸣ԼȥѰҸá
ĵ˵ͷȻʵô֥
Ҷɲû˵ΪʲôҪȥ֥ǣĴٵĲµˣ֥áԭΪ֥ôǸʤ㡣ڿƺ֥ãԶֹЩ
ۿȥĳ٣֮ľҲСû֥ҲءҶеҲûϺöʱ䣬ܴǧǿ֮У֥
ǣôû
ڣ˸ոսﲻãһɫܳ߼۹
˽ˡܳϣһƮƮӣһЦĿҶɺû뵽һνģȻϲģ治֪˭˵һ񣡡
ƮƮӣһǿߡ죬ҶɿȥﻹҪСöࡣˣҶֻǷϲĶѡ
һ񣿡Ҷ΢΢һЦʵѵÿһ˹Ҫһ񣿡
Уƾʲô㣿ǳƲƲ죬ЦȸҵǧūһһЩʶǣӦô棡
˶٣ǳ˵סˣҽ塣Ժֻܽˣڣǰʤ㣬׳ɣ
ץ˵ū˵ʤ㣬ĳʶҶЦʵ
ҶɸûбԼĻŵٿҶǿС˵ģվҶɵߣǳƮƮ壬ЩȻˡ
ѹܹӮԭСӵ֮ܺǿ󡣡ƲƲ죬˵㻹ǵõūǣչʾ
һ𣿡ڣĲ˾졣
УЦĴڣҲδôùҡֻϣūһʸ
ʲôţͽţ
֪Ҷɵʵսһǣһ仰˼ԾɰҶɵū
㣬Ҷӵˮ׼һҪūֻūѣ
üҲ̫߼ˡǣƳۿҶǺȵģ΢ЦʱģҲͰҪĴ⣬Ҫ㣬ûĿʼѾϢġ
𣿡ҶɺǺЦҪץǵūøϽˡܿ죬Ҫ⣡
üһƿţ϶(յһ
ģһˡǺƺƵģʮĳӡ
ע⵽ǳУÿһĳͷӡһͷȥӵıʶ
ȥĳŷ֣ɫܳĳϣҲӡһֱʶ
һֻչӥ
ӵˣȫ³Ȼȵô϶عˣ
Ǹл϶ģȷʵû׼ȷ˵һаˣȫû
ΪǶǻ
࣬ңһֻһн׾ࡣ
ŵһȺңһȺͣҲɶĻ
ǣȥͲںЩվļƣͺһˣܵǰ
ʮֺ档
Ȼ˵ǿԴ漣ǿԽɱЩԶԼĶ֡ǣ£ˣҲԸͬʱ԰ɼǿߡ
ѵĿռλźöļһ
ȻģͰĴ𰸸ˡ
ҶƳͲ³뷨
´ˡ
Ҷʮֿ϶ģͰ뷨϶Ϊжϡ
;÷ǳˣȻ˵һ˶Ըڿռλ̫ǿߡǣҲųڰ
Ҷɾ࣬Ͳں̫ܽԼĿռλԼĿռλ룬ҲָΪĿռλ֮Ĵڡ
ǣҶɻҡҡͷ
Ҷɺһû塢϶ˡЩ޲Ŀ˿ȻгԾģĿ⣬Ҷϡ
ôɼǿעţ˭ЩĻšȻ塢϶˳Ŀ⣬ֻͣôһСǣ;ȻȻ󣬾һĺˮӶͷ˳
ǣôɼǿֱŵҶɡȴɫ䣬ûκξµ˼
˼϶ЦǱүϵūСӣһ˰ɣ
Ȼڻǰǣ϶ȴûзκ
үһֱ侲ģԼԽﻢ壬ɫ˲䡣
ûү϶Ŀ⣬תصϣֱ֪ǿˡЩˣ벻Ķ֡Ķٶܹ࣬ȵү
һȻ󣬻ʵүǲͤô֪һ˳֣ң֣϶Īٴʥּ
Ȼ϶Ѿ̧Լû취ֵүǣȴǲá
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϶˵ģôȻǷ
϶˵Ǽٵģôƾ˵ĶҲðŪ֣
ڸ϶ţԽԽԾ
ûа֣ͿԴӮôླߵǿߣʲôԭ򣿡˳˼
ǰﻹΪа̡ǣڻ϶Ѿ׿ڳϣԼ߰һ˵Ķ֣ͺֵ˼ˡ
ﵱȻ֪Ҷɿ϶֪׼ȷ𰸡ǣ֪ȻҶɲ˵ǾΪ𰸱ԼҳŸ塣
ǿ˵ζʲô
Ҳһζ
Ҳζž޴Ծ
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ǣʧˡǳֵĻ϶Ȼ˿壬ûг֡
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£Ļش𣬸ӿپ
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Ȼֻ֪΢΢һ㶣תµģϴҶɡֻܴҶϣʲôߡ
ڻ㱨ʾһʲôĻ϶Ҳһ£ȻģͻҲʵ㱨ȥռ䣨յڶ
ÿһˣڸսʱᱻǰָϡŹֵĶŪͿ?,.!
Ȼ˾ͻһ֣򣬸ԼȥӴĲһԼ޷Ӵȥ򣬵ǣԼȴܻøණԼòһ
ǣҶȴһ
ڱɼǿ߶ŵʱ⻹˵ΪΪʵȺԲʲô
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էȥȣͷҲûʲôرġǣҶɿ˵װʱ̲סͶͷһ
ô֪ģ˿ͷתĿ⣬
ΪʲôҪ㣿ҶɵһЦ
˵Ҳǡ˵ֻеΪҵūҲźҪЩ𰸣
ҶɸҪˡǰΪҶɣԶҵδڣΪҶɣԸս
ҶɻȻЦԭū
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Ҫ֪޵ĿԤ֮㲻Ԥܡʷ֮¡δ֮£Ҳٵģܸоһڸ죬˵ʱٵģܹԤ⵽ᷢ顣
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Ҷ磬ūʲô
ﰴ಻ס⡣Ȼ˵֪Ĵ𰸡ûԼȥѰҡ
˿Ҷϧҡҡͷ
ˣ͸¶Ϣ㡣Ҷָָ⣬˵оһ£ûϤĵ⾳
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˵ţչʶϸϸ鿴
ǿǳŵǿߡʱʵɹɣҲ
ǣֻҪɾ֮ӵԼĿռλ档ǿ߾ͻ𽥴ӡȫתԼӵе
ǿԪ֮ʼ̷Ϊʵʱת͸ӵԡ˵ǾѴ۷ˣһɵǿߣһҲȥ
Ȼ֮⡣˲֮ת˵⣬ǻ淨򣬶ǵģԼ
޵Ԥֻ֮һͿԹ̷Ϊ塣ˣѰ£ֻᶯԼתԤܡʱʱ̵̿ģӴ
һΣûսûоޣʷͷһģʼӴΧǣ̽ոչ
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һռ䣬⵽һЩתǣԤ֮ٵģܴӹȥδ鵽һԼ֪ģ
ڣȫûУ
ĻֻҶסֻЦ֪˰ɣÿһǿ߸ʱߡǣĿʼսǾͻ֣ᷢطԼǶôС
岢֪ȥЩ˲ͬڲ鿴ڣڲ鿴ʷδ
ֻϰֲ֮鿴Чʣʹȥǰǧ꣬ҪķѺܶʱ;ڣֻգ۵Ĺܿǰǧʱ䡣
Ȼʲôر飬ҪѴʱǣֻҪȥѰңһ˿ԼϢǰǧ꣬Ȼûҵ̫˳Ծˡ
岢֪ΪʲôԾĻȴûʲô
Ļʱ
ǿ֮սȱƴģǱռλеĿռԼƾЩʩչĵܡ
ƴԽԽʱǿ߾ͻٶȣȻȲֱӶٶȿ졣ΪغáԣԴԴϵģʹá
Щǿ߱ƴ·ǣطֳ·ȫʧЧ
֪Ϊʲôһһǿߣ͸ҵô㾳ߵĴڣ
ĻԵáǣĻȴ屩ס
ǣ㻹Ǵ򲻹Ҷ磡һ֣յ
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಻ţֻҪȫרķǳէǿߣҲһҪ˱ᣬҸײȻȵ
š˵ͷǣҸҶ磡
˵ͼ˵ҪūΪṩµĲ˼·ǳ롣ϰ֪ѧ׳Ҷһãָһ

ŭˣŭˡ
ͤһĶֵϣү֮⣬û˭ҸԼа壬үҲҵԼ棬˵
ŭ֮࣬ͳˡ֣ҪҶɵҶԼū
ǣһγ֣ͱҶɸ赭дģƵһȥ
䣡
һ󣬾ٲ֮ңĵطһ׵ĴӣȻ֡
̲סͷҶڣҵȷĶ֡
̤ƬʱͼʶĴжôӲ׶һ㳯漲̡ǡӲĵϡСӶûг֣
ȷˢӡһδУɫʲô֣ǴѧЩ
ⲻѯʣǿʣ
Ȼ廹ûаҶ¡Ȼһν֡廹ʧˡǣҶɵ̬ȣȴƽӣӡ
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ҶɲûжŭЦţĸоֱҶɵ˫Ȼ֮䣬о˵嶯
һ˲䣬תȥٴζŻ϶ƺ̾Ҫ֡
ǣһ˲䣬Ȼѹ
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ͨˣҪʲôˡȻͨˣһǿߡͤڶǿˣܿ׹һΣҶõǵռķ
׼ȷ˵ǵֶΣѧ޹أ
档Լ֪ģͱҶǣ廹رϡ档Ͼ浽ģģҲпܱļһԼǵġ
ǣǿѧռ䡣ռΪѧԭĶ
ҶɶñôţԼ϶ܹǰ֪ңƾܣͿʩչһЩơɢֶΡ
ǣԼƫƫûǰоԼƫƫһǣռİУ
ΪҶʩչģʲôŹ벻֪ʲôռҶɴţѧģһС
Ȼת˺ܾáǣܶ򵥵ĶǶûоǿɱ̾
ССһѣţϲŪСҲȷʵȤҶɻѧû룬ôǰԼѧСֶΣţǿִڣȻ֪
ҶţⲻΪ̫ˣӦǶԭ
磬ӦΪ
ڽҶɵһûһЩ͡
ǰ棬Լѣȷ˲ٶȻû취סʣ˼ռĸ⡣ôԼʱʱģһΪá
һ֣۾΢΢һͬѯʵ
£ֻǡһ֡Ѱɡ
ҶɵĻлζҲ΢΢һЦٶԡ

Ҷɴĸ̾ǵû˿򣬷ΪҶڹϷŪԼ
еΪԸᲢˣ
Цţִ֡һΣҪҶɳ֡
ǣ϶ȴվ˳˵ϣվ˳
ү˵ˣƴҲҪҶ
϶䣬һӣЩɢγһΧȦ
ս󡣡ü
ǰǷս󡣡Ҷɵ˵ͷȻ˵Щر𡣵ǣҲ˵ЩֶΣͲá
ȻԼЩֶΣֻǲ֮ܽˣԼǿ֧ŵܵʩչ
ǣʱ˿̣ҶɿЩ˵ﵱȻЩɷϻ˼ĿЩսλеϰڸʶɲ֮䣬ȫת
ѧϣյĸ
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۹ȥ
ֻǹһˣҲֻһнˮ׼ѡ,!
棬һٶΪɶϵǿߡ
һɱսӦһܵս
ǣѾǻ϶׿˵һ˵Ķ֡ˣһսȵȻͲʲô磬ȵռģνĿѧ
ǣڱƴ֮ǰǰҲ˷ս˵Ŀѧ֮⣬ҲԼıԼĿռλ֮ǻᶯõܣҲ޷
߻ûʽϰڸʶѾֽۡ
ԭﻹԤ֮ȥһδս֡ǣֻ΢һ֣ͷ֣ȫҲκϤۼռԼԤ֮Ҳ
úķҲǿԿһЩǣֵطûΣյʱȥʹá
ϰڸʶֽСؼһǹʹá
Ŀռôƶĵطĵˣܻʱ䣬ֲ
ռλ֮ö٣ٶ١뿪򣬾޷õ䡣
ˣ֪һսǳҪһǳҪսУҲɶͽ׵ĻǣȻҪ޷
ѵĴǣʲôף
ȥģһۿ
ײǡõһˣԼҶĳ֡
϶ˣڶָʹ£ץˡ
ʲôүӦþǸɽ׵ĹؼΪףϧµĻǣ޷ҲҪҶɸŪ֡
뵽ƳߵҶ硣һ˫ĿгĻߡ촽ҲЦ޷ڸǡ
ôˣҶһţһĿתġⳡδʽս
ǿ֮սȻּңֺÿǣǿս֮ǰ׼̽ҲͬǼȾʣܸ˴ָᡣ
ˡȻЦù졣ǣҶɵĿ⣬ûдЩɼǿߵŲ
Ҫ֪ǰɼǿ֮ս
֮أ󾳵ҲٷֵεսǣռҶȴܴ۸
˵˫Ҫսνġѧ
ҶֻǴͽţ֪һЩȻ˶֪˶֮Լϰڸʶţ˵һЩѧԭһ¡
Ҷ֪ȻԼθ彻֣ζռϷ硣ǣЩԭգԼ϶ԶԶϣһ֪࣬ռ˶Ĵڡ
ˣӹһ١Ҷɿϻü֮һʱͻ֣ᷢΪʲôЦ
Ҷ磿ûҶ˧

Ҷ֪ѻǵľٶɽ֪ͬθ롣ǣʱ˿̣Ѿȫû˼ȥˡѾȫȫģⳡս˹ȥ
̽˲һʱ֮󣬻ȷ˹
ɼǣһս󡣲ңԿѧΪģںϽǸԵĵܡ쾰Ҷţ˵֮ˣǹռ䣬λҲٿõ
аǰ̻ѤöĿĳ棬ҶɲԸ̾
Ҳڸ̾ǣ
ϾҶţ֪࣬һе顣ϾҶѾϰڸʶţĴڵЩѧԭúõһ
ˣҶɶܹףֹ֮Уʲôܡǣ˵һĨڣˡ
˿Ҷɣ죬ȴûнʳ
Ҳ֪Ҷ֮ԲʹʹģԼһΪ⣬Լ˼Լ㡣Ȼ˵ԼһĨڣԼϰʶ˵ȷ㷽򣬶ûҵȻˣ죬ǽ˻ȥԼ˼
û룬ҶȴǺЦûЩŵģνļǹЩǼ⡣ǿţĻҪֲ£һڣǿļ⣬ͻҷˡ
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ȻֱӾͳȥ
ǹǹҼǵţ˵ľ죬ǹ
Ŷˣ㲻֪ʲôС졯ǸִӲĴڡҶЦⶫӦñȼǹˡôôѶӲȥ
Ҷɺ˺ܶ࣬ûһͣνġѧԭѧʱһǹӲȥֻһγ棬ȻƵˣɼǿߣɵǿս󣡣
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һΣҶɵɫ
Ҫ֪Ȼսʲôս󡣵ǣɰɼ֣սҶʣ뵽״̬Ҳƿ
ǣֻһ棬ֻһǹȻͽս󣬸˺ѿ
ң⡰˺ѡ쳣¡
֪ʮϱ۲ȣͬ
ʲôӵȻ˿¡ӵôӵҲһʮǿ壬ô˷ǿķ׷ɱ໢ģ
Ҷɰ˼ȻãһȣţĴڵǵѧԭԼЩѧ΢
ʱҶɻ֪ԼǸϲţͽܣûаѡѧԭ˵ȫʵϣͺκһǿߣû취һһҲĸˣѧκΡѧԭ
˵ţ֪ģԶǡѧԭСǿǣСѧԭ֪ٸʱ䡣յġѧԶҶģҪǿööࡣ
Ҫܹĵںһô뿪Ҳһпܻɱκһǿߣ
ЩˣǿǻẦ¡ȫ޷ǿǸ׺¡յġһδ֪ģԼȫ޷Ϊֺ¡ܿͷˣ˼
Ҷ磬⵽ʲôΪʲôôֲ
ָģǹǹӵ
￴ףֻһСĵ衣ǣ豬ѿʱӰķΧȴôľ޴Ľôֲڣû˵κһֻǸոձѿʱѾŻˣѾ㡣
Ҷ̾˿ûʲôҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ʲôֻȷյ˼µġѧôǲླǿߣҲһԿ⣡
Ȼǣĸͬķͬԣķȥ赲νġѧ±롣ԴﵽЧ
νġѧȥˣͻ°빦
ѧϰԼϸǸ棬ϢʱҶɱΪԼѾʶǶôáǣĿһս֮ŷ֣ԼƺԶԶûʶ
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ʲôֶΣҶɾĵɴ۾
ǿ߻ָ֫壬ⲻʲôϡ顣Ҷɵٸ׻ٵˡǣҶɻվϸС˺ۣڡ
ôѸٵĻָ֫壬˼ĵ֮⣬Ҷɾʹû˵ĸɼǿߣܹôѸٵĻָ֫塣
˵Ҷɷڻָ֮ǰﻢǣһҩ
϶ǵҩҶʮƶţҲʮǿĵҩһ㡣ǣԽǿĵҩԽӵʶǸոճԵҩ裬ûκ¶
Ӧþÿѧҩˣţ֪ĶҲǳǳ١
һеҩţҲ˵һЩ϶ûҩҶȻȻģͰڣţԼҲ֪ˡ
ʵҶԩţġţҽǸѧҲûнҩˮ׼
ֻֻоʱ䣬ų֡ҩ
ģԼɱ岻ɵã΢΢ü
ҵĶ൯ͷӵǣǵĻָҩҲͬȥһֱȵүϻҲսʤﻢ
֪Լ䡣ǣԼûжʱ䡣
үѭ浸صģɻôҪʱʱ䡣ǣүѡƻأ˲ƻôò˼ʱ䣬ͻԼǰ
㣬ȫԸзܿʱ棬սǣȴұ֤үѭ浸ء
ҲģһֱүĻ϶
һʼүΪ˼еĸ߶ǿߣѡɻǣԼֶ϶һĸ漱㲻ãүҪˡ
ˣȰһ˵
һһ൯ͷӵȻ󣬾Ծ˵ٶȣҶ߱ңڱ֮УһͷȥۼţҶɾҪ⼤׷񣡣
Σյ
壬㡭
϶ġҡֻû˵ڣͱǰľ󣬸˵
Ҳͬģı仯Ŀɿڴ
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ÿһǿߵⶼþ֮ȥ
ҶֹֻԼǴιһŪʲôֶΣƵż
϶Ҳү˽ţѾڵü֧زӵǿߡ˵ͷѿ
ǣû뵽ǡ
һ˶ļԼٶȣҶȥʱҶɲûжܣҲûκηƽĶǣżҶɵʱȴʲôûдһôٶȲģײȥ
żûڼӲĵϣ̫ۼȻ󣬾Ϊ֮ббĵżķǡǡǱȥ
Ŀ֮£żһδ͸һ˵壬ûܵκ
˶ļȻʧҶɺȻЦ⣬һһ̵ͣʲôõĵ𣿡
ֱҪѪüͷ˺ܳʱ䣬˵ѵӰ
ӰԭʲôֶΡǣصǣҶɺʲôʱüӰ滻
ˣֻʮɵľ롣϶ǾԶһЩǡҲʮԶѡɼǿ˵ô룬ûо룬ʲô
˵ǿǣϻٵģЯмװռʹüӰηţ׾ͻᱻЩװ֡
ǡɼǿߣûһЯϰټͬװҲûһ
صǣż˹ģ͸˵塣ͻ϶ǣѾüͷ۲˺ܳʱ䡣ǡȴǲȷǰˣǲǼӰ
ͻ϶֪ǣǳԾǸ¿ռĴڣҲһһȻ৵һӡɫͱڡ

Ŵ򿪣һΡһ˶ӣ뻮һġ˽
֥ûлͷԾɶſش۾ԾɿŵϣЩŲĸʽ
³ǵðˡ
ң֥޲˵ǼһôȻòһҶɣҪңǸҲҲҶɵ䣡
֥𣬵ǣһɫȫİ˶ӣȴûһ˷˶ԭأȴ֥
֥һСڣһСڵģƷζſ࿧ȵζþû˵
Ҳ֪޴İ칫˶೤ʱ䣬ڣ֥תΣ˶ӡ
ðɣȥͤ
һµǿߣȫüë΢΢һȻ󣬾΢΢һϹ
৵һӣ˶ҷֳӡ֥Ӱһ㣬м䣬˹ȥ

Ҷ磬һ̫ˣԲˬ
͸ԼļӰҲˣͻ϶ǣɫжôѿ
ҶɾֶΣǣϷŪһһڣռԳɼǿߣһоȻǺܹáͲò˵ҶһУʵǹţˡ
ĳޣҶ΢Цĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ˵ҶɼҪǰ֮ơΪĿģϧ顣ǣǰ֮ЩԵ̾Ե
Ҷֻǰ֮̳ؼ
һлʰ壻
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лʰ壬һŴһŲҪҶɵıΪλ⣬ܵʱлʰ̺ŵ֮֮ȴһԼ
ֿʮìܵȻɼǿߣҲѸףŵڣҶɾãʥɼڣҲԭ
лʰѾʮ˵ˣ֮͸⡣
֣ҶɽɵĲؾҵʱΪ
ʣǼ˻顣ҶɣڶɹСʱ֮ҲͰԼƽѧĵһԺ
Ǹʱ˭õôһô̫Ȼſƭôڵ⾳
Ǹʱ򣬾Ҷֱж侪˵ǿߣҲûжһ˿ɣ
ҲнһߵĿռ䡣
ĳޣҶûеΡĿ⣬͸ԼԶļӰ۲뻢϶һһʶȴ󲿷֣ϰڸʶˣһֵѰ֮С
ƻᣨϣյ߸
ŭ𣬱֯,!
ͤһȱˮ½Уֿ籩ǳ
ȻռǿǣҲǽڡ˵ô籩꣬ͲʲôֻҪԸ⣬ַӾܰ籩Ūûˣ˵ꡱ
ǣڱ֮󣬾ˣǻص˼УǽʲôԱĵطΪ˲ռһתѾϰڣԼǸģѰ¡
ȻǸѰ£ôֶҲȻжſ籩꣬ġ
һͿٺɫᣬһЩɫװεĳ⳵ڿ籩мۡ⳵ϵ˿ͣŴ֯ı꣬ɵôԹ
Ｏŵ׻᲻ѡʱ䰡ȻѡôʲôƻᣬֱˣһʵͷӣԹ
һϸߵģÿ˵Ůӣǻֵ˵ҲǸ³ϲأͻȻҵϲ࣬ϲװƣ
װģ˵ûǸ椾ϲװƣ
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ǰ˾Ͻͷ˵ͣϵһһŮģЦ
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Ѿ³⳵ҪˡȻתЦֵܡǰɡǽȥһСƣͻ
ǣһҪȥһ͡⳵˾¶ɫתѡ
ֵܣҲ̫Ϸ˵ɡӹЦǸʹ绰˵ӻˣokˣѲɣĻƽϰ
⳵˾ʮΪѵġһŵ˵ͷ˵ðɣǡ
ˬʵЦţת¥ȥʱ򣬺Ȼһºڿӣһͬɫɡ̤ģ˹
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ŶüǺðɣѳͣȥ
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ͣѾΪרãҪͣȥͣ
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쵰֪֪ڸ˭˵
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û뵽һ֪˭ŭЦ
Ȼһ˵ͤϲԼϲ⳵۷弶ڣҲֻһˡ
һһ񶫡ңģͬ⳵ͣ
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үҪȥԶšүֻҪ绰͹
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˵ţһȭͳǺݺݴ˹ȥ
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ˣʱû˻ãǸ޼ƿʩˡпһĻǿߣǵûΪǸӵģŲ˼ǵɴ۾Ҫúÿ
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ȻǸŮӣ˳ƾһȡӲģӣߵɵĸ߿֮ϣ
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ӵľ磬ҶѾнס־ǿߣ˵ȷ񶫵Ķ֡Ŀռ䣬ҲűҲ
οǸİ֣Ǹ߽׵Ĵڡ
ǣʲôطҲκʱŵģȫһ淨ռ䣡
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ڴ֪ʲôʱ򣬸ӹ鷢ˡ
Ǹһɸ߿յĺӣĵ˫źݺݵڵϣովȵʱ˾ʮһ仰
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񶫺ԸƯŮ飬߽˽áǵҲڽţոģＯŵĿ
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ҶɾãԼò֥˵ʵ֥ߵôǿҲ赲һ˼״̬Ҷɡ
ǣҶʼûг֣ΪҪʵ֥ǲ֥ģЩڰģǿڡ
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˺ɱҲõˣɱ֣ռȫ˿ڵı±Ǹ磬ҪСööࡣ
ڸո⳵ǣһμҶʱ;ԼײˡҲΪʲô񶫹ҪҶԼԭ
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񶫵ϰϣһݱ档ⲻǹı棬ǹڽＯŷչı档
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ЩǸı
һʱ䣬ڸҶɷЭҶɣȺɱԭҪɱԼͶＯŵĳѩӱŪҵоĵ֮ҲѾʶͬķںһ֮󣬽ԼεȾ˵
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ԭȾѾҶɴڵ⾳Ϣץʱ䣬ǣûüĿյһµϢ
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һħֻʮʱ䣬ȾѾʵ֪ѧƵһߵĳ̶ȣ
ȱȾΪǿڵ϶ᳬԽʣΪռ⼶Ĵڡ
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˷ܣΪµջ˷ܡΪֻҪںһеķôԼܹһЩԼܰһæ

ʵҶɲԳ֡飬ǴĻָӣӺһЩ
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ǣֻһšȻӵһľΪȴҲĴ㡣

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Ｏţ֥˾ǣʹӻҶ֪ҹ˾Զǿȥô򵥡
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Цģ˿ԼҶ磬һγˣһ⾳ѽģϢ֮С

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ÿһֻСӣ϶ȵͿĨһ͸ģɫζĻҩȻɪƱûĸsǿߣֵֶܹءǣŻǽŽɡ
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aǣɱȦһרõĴšaǣʵһУһǱ
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ռﵱɱֵˣоˡȻϰһУȻһǣʱҲѡ񡣴ģֱǰ
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ߴСԭӵޣ
ԭ߶ȣǿԭе档ǣǿǣʮʲôԭӣʲô׼
ֻƾ۾ȥ߶µĶû˭ܹüֻʶԵһɨҲֳ߶ȵĶԹȥ
ԭɱ˵׼ĶˣԭӼĶҲŹ
ǣȴûһɱַ֣һʵԭӴ˲ٵޣȻϢģǱԼ壡
ܹǵǹʹģҲѰɫ
Ƿڽǻû֪ģĲռʱԼͬ˵ĻҶɲ֪˵ֻҶҲѾֶΣ۷
ˣҸʺϵ̿͡
ﻹûҶˡ
ȻҶѾ˼սǣóģ̿͵Ϯ̿һ
ҶɱģԭʽҪľԲҶôɾ䣬ͤ塣
ڣҶȴ˵ĳˣԼʺϵ̿͡
Ҷ磬Գ֣ЦϲҶòס˰ɡ
ҲǱҶЦŰ˰֣ûгֵ˼

ǸҶɿ佱ɳ֪ԼîҪúñȽһǸһڿ佱Լ
磬׼Ѿȫλ־ģԼҪ쿪ʤûз֣˫ԭһֱ˫֮УȻһ⡣

͵أɳ´
˲ʱ䣬һȺǿ߿ǰĲƽ̨׼һޣɱ֣չ޲ģȫ湥
һ֮һ룡ɳȭͷݺݵĻһ¡
ǡ
ȭͷŸոջɳͱĻϴϢˡ
ȻԿһĳš
ôܣôܡ
˺ܳһʱ䣬ɳʧ䣬ԭͲôòԵøѿ
ɳô죿
ҲڴͻĴУָ˻
սڼǹأҪɳָӹ
ݺݵ˼ɳŬü飬ƽʱȫòƿɵĹϣ
ȫ֣ûͷۡ
ǵڶȦȻôѿУ
һδαƣһδǿָ֣;ãǲӦôҹһΡ
˭֪ȻҹܡЩóܣȫܹôΪ֮Ķǣϣ϶ţһЩӾ˵ܡ
Ȼ롣ǣûô
ǻԼҲޱģؼ׳οǣЩʵģ㶫Աɱǣ
˵ÿ˿϶һЩֶΣȥʤʵû˭̵ģȻðΣˣΪ˻ó棡
ҡҡͷ˼·תת
ѿеԭ򣬲жôΪⷨǷӡǲǿҸ취΢һ£ⷨ򣿡
ţĿȻȻģɪϡ
ҪҡӻɪܿͶ˻뷨һ̯ε˵Ҳ֪Ǹط˴ڲⷨҪͣꡣǾͲҵӣҪҸˡ
ɪ˵ȻͶԵ귢飬ŨȤ
˵˵Ϊʲôô㣬ȴҪ
ʱ˿̣Ҳ֪ԼΪʲô飬ŨȤֻ˳ԼֱӦʳ⡣
ɪȴΪôʣʲôرĿġЦ˵ûʲôرģǾʧˣԱǷ
˶٣ɪ޻ģͷ˿󣬵ǣȴռһռĳǱ
Ƿ֡طܹྪ˵оɹǡͬʱҲпܸۡ
ÿһ궼һȫԱԡУʤûнʧҲûгͷǣʧһٴΣͻᱻ̭
Щš˵򣬼ֱ̫źˡġԼɱﵡһʱܣôһٴζʧܣ
ҸʱҾôΪġǣ˭õʧһٴΣ
ҲúˣҲʼɣԼͻֱǲǳʲô⡣
ǣڻЩεģҪοһɪʱȻʵжˡһʧһٴΣ
ɪʮŭģݺݵһۡҲãЩˡ˰̣ɲʲôϰߡ
ˣҶ졣ɪ룬ǲûа취ⷨ΢һ㣿ֻһ㣬ҲǺõİŹŪȥ
ǡ
ÿһ궼˱̭̭ࣿȴĵģ׷ʡ
ɪҪȻŭҲѾʮֲ˵ʱ򣬺Ȼֲһ䣺ͨȦʱһŪ˵ö
ʱɪɫ΢΢Щˡ
ҲṩԼġܡǾǹڣΪʲôԼܹͨԹͨԼβΧӣԴԴϵĸԼӵܡ
ܶʮ˵ãŵ˵ɱУֻȼˣ͸¶ܣܹĸ
˵ȻҶ֪ΪһҲΨһһȫͨԹִͨһռǿߣ϶ԼʲôôǣҲû˭᲻֪ȤģǿЩϽ
ڣȻЩջҪ֪ģֻǣÿжˣֺζĹ򣬸̭
ɫ΢䣬ΪȻ֣ȡ֡ԼֱȥҲûʲô
ɪɫ΢䣬ΪԼܡ׼ȷ˵ԼǣûĸܣȻˣ
ֹһ
ɪ֪ܣҲȥֻڴԼһܡ
Ȼɱ֡ɪãȻֻ׷⣬ôֻҪƣҲӦһͷˮԡ
̫ˡ°ͣ˵ôɵĹ򣬾Ȼôˣ޷ȫͨ
ʱ˿̣ҲٿɪˡΪҲѾʶ棬ȷʵʲôֵĶ
һٴʧܣ
ЦҸɱֶԴһٴΣҲ˵ᱻһΰ
˵ɪܡÿһ£ǿߣһʦʦǸλƽ룬ĵشͼԽһȥǿߣ
ЩǿߵʵսδñȻǿ١ǣĵشⰵһ˿ϷطǾԿԣŰɱ
Щʦָ㣬ΣҲһٴΰ̶ֳܹȵǿߣ˭ľԴôԿϣ
񲻵Լ⣬Ŀ⣬Ҳһ̲뿪ģˣɪòƿɵʸ£
ңĲ֪ɪһε˵֪棬϶ʲôйءԣղҲȥǣ뿴Ҫ֪ܣһҪ˰æ㲻ãһˣܵ磡
Ȼɪ˵һͨϻǣǻ񣬻ָʹ׷ʵҶɣѾ֪顣
ȣɪѾµܣܸܿĴйأ
Σһ⿪ܡҪô԰Ѵݻ٣Ҫôǿô򣬹еǿߣ
Ȼô򹥻̫ܡ취ĻסڴĵشЩˣͲø鷳
ֻõһɱȻһɱȫͺˡҪȦԱٸճǼƣŪʲô׼͵Ϯֲ֪ķ˶һǿУ泤ʱԿ
˳˼ֱ棬Ź˴ĵشĹؼϢ
ҶҲͬʶһ㣬ԣղȥһɪǣɪĻشҶɷûȥ࿼⡣
Ҳˡɪڿ϶١ǣȻûһ뵽һ㿿׵Ĵ𰸡˷ʱ䡢ˣǻǾ䡣
Ҷھ䣬ɳҲھ䡣
ȻʱоǸ򣿡
͸ֻڰ׼ޣɳ͵ˣ˵Ľ̸ųǶǵѰɫǷѡǹҲѡ
ǸȽ׽ѣ֪ɳһЩֶΣ
ЩֶΡҲȷɳܹıٳĹؼ֮ڡ͵ν̸֮ɳ΢΢һͼ

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һӣûκջȥǲǱȶΧҵʲô
Ǳɪʼ硣˵ҵһ¡룬ûκ
ЦЦûж˵ʲôɪ֪ȥ϶ġ
ҲҪȥɪŤͷ
Ĭһ¡ҡҡͷ˵ȥˣԣܼܲӴ
⣬ںɫ΢΢һɪ˵ͷٶ˵ʲôԴŻ񣬳ĳǱٷȥ
ܿ죬ɪͽˣһȥûʲôر֮Сǰ档
ʮ־ȡ
ÿһɱ֡ڽճǺ󣬶ʶǱҲ⡣
ԭΪҲǸȶʲôرĵطԣԼûп
ֻߣǸȶĳ㳡֮СԱʱȶˣۼĨˣԼҲûע⵽
û룬һһȵıȶǿıȶȻһͨС棡
ûɪǸп˵ôͨС˿Ƚϴ֮⣬Ҳûʲôرĵط˭õȻǣһӵsǿߣĵط
ƿţɪ˽ȥ΢ͣһ£ʶڵļϸɨɨȻҲɪĺ棬˽ȥ
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Ҳʮر𡣱Ͼǧٹ֣ϲһ¥Ҳϡ档
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ɪҲû˵Ҳ֪׷ǸһϸоҪҳʲô֮
¥ʲôطȻͣʵ
ȶ˫϶ڲͬʦ¡¥ǸʦսĵطɪӦش
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ǵ˵洦
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ɪȵķ֣֪ʲôʱ򣬻ϣһģɫк֣
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һ񲢲ֱͣ˵˵Ѿ⿪߰ɡ
ߣɪӳԾʲôû
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ǣɪҲ֪϶ܰ𰸸Լ˶Σɪֻ뿴ô
ҲͻȻֵģУʲôֶ
ҲܹѪģʲôΪ֪ĵطһͨ
ڣʲôûʲô鶼ûз˵㶨ˣˣ
ȻɪҲڴϻشԼ⡣ǣ̲סҪ׷һ䡣
ѾˡĪģٺЦЩֶǡ£ǿһѾ˲顣
ɪƣƵþҪߡ
ǣɪ֪Լȫ򲻹϶Ҫ֣Ȼʹʹģ
ǣڡɪһƵģڻ棬صսǰʲô鶼ˡ

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ǧɱ֣һμ巢ŵ֮
ղŴһ֣ǿ󹥻ҲֻֿʱκϣԹȥ
ڣôֻͣ֡һˣͿԴ֣
˵ϣд֡ţ
ûǶǿ㲻á߰˸˼򲻹һǡѾģһ˵ͱǼǧ˸ǿ㵱ǶǷϲ
ٺһЦҲʲôʱԽԼ֮ЧͻԽá
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һӵģɫĻƣһĵֻҪע㹻ĵܽЩ򼤻ʩչһǿĵܡ
ڵṹָеʱͳʽ¡˵ŻڣҲͬԷڵ
Ȼ˭֪϶ǷеʱʱͨڵҲǸƵӵҲǷڵҲǰڵҲǸڵ
֮ܶŻڵУ϶עܡһɫƣûʲôڵˡ
Ҳ˵һţ򣬷ĳֿѧԭĴڡһţǿ
ʱ˰Ľ
Ҫ֪˽򣬿ѧԼĵ֮⡣ǿǣ׷һĿ꣬Ƴں淨ǿ
Щɼ˵ԭѾСȻҲΪ֮ûкǿǣΪĳ֣ȼˣǿȤ
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һܲѰ飬ɪ֮⣬ɱ֣Ҳ׷ע⵽仯
Ҫ֪ǿߣսٶȷǳ졣ĵشܵϷѹơÿһɲУҲɺöι
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Ȼһʼǲ߻ߡټ֣ƶٵ֣֯һݶӣϣ⼸ǧɱ֣Ҫָӡ
ǣֻ֪Ǿ޴棬Щɱ֣ʱۼԼߣʱֵãԼĻԼսȻÿһ˶ҪǿᡣǣԼƣȴѱǿߣĿԼ
ʱԼʵһα
ڣԼıһͳ˧֮ͳ˧
񿴼
Լһڣݴ㣬ǰ֣׺顭
ԼĻڣģķһڡ
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⣬Ц
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ȫ壬
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Ӧʱ䣬ûʮ⡣ɱ֮֡⡪ѾڵķΧʼڲķչ˼ɱʱڡЦˡЦĳ죬Цġ

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ɳô֪֣˲Ǹǿߡʮֲʵ
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ԿģֻɳĲӰʱ˿̣ɳѾˣЩɱģɱȺС
ɱ֣Ѿһǿߣ˳ڴ֮ǰǲڸսڶԸǧٹֵޡ
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죡
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Щɱֲǰ׳գ෴ǻռģǧǿеٮٮߡ߶˴ڣԼĹŹǿ֮⣬Ǿһˡ
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ǣĵԴԴϵġռвٶȣҲĵٶȸ졣
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ԶѾ뵽Ϊĵشɱǣܶ඼˵ΪõܹõķãǶϵģԼԼĿռλ֮תΪӦĵע档
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ͺȻû׸ԵɡǣԽʱգĵλȻкܶˣȿֺģҪͽǡ
ܿ죬ɪ֮⣬ȫ֪ɪʲôطˡǼЩֻĿɪЩڴģҶɡ
ɪʧ󣬾ԼĻᡣ˭Ҷǰúñһ£
ǣû˸ëԼϾɪѾ֤ˣֵùڻԿóԼ³ͺЩҡ
ҶԼۻǲ˵ֻ
ˣﶼͬͷ
ˣжͬ㽡
ҶҲûɪССĽѵӦɪúó벻סߣ˰æָһԽôԼδĹ滮Уûκô
Խһˣ
ҶɵеģһݸݵСͷǣûһˣ
ΪԽҲǸ涾мң
ӦԽȻ֮䣬ɪ˹
Ҷˣ֪ˡɪʮ־ȵģǿӢģô߰ͷ­
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷûж˵ʲô
Խȥ֮ҪһЩʲô飬Ҫڻš򣬾ңҲȲ㣡

ԽӦţ⣬һ㵭ɫȻ⣬ŷ˲ٶ档ԽĲǰŨ֮ܰУ˽ȥ
ԽĶɪ;ãϸǻۡ
ɪԹҶɣҶɸԼᣬԼд󣬷ˡ
ʱҶɵǣðڵﷶΧһƬء˭֪Ϊ˷ֹɱȥ󣬵˴Ӻ󷽰͵Ϯ
һɵͬʱҲһܸӵ
ɾڣŶ󣬱˵ɪԽģ޶֮ǿˣ㻻һһҲɸ㶨
Ӿ͸ڣƬе졣
վ棬ڵ
վ棬ʵҲû취ȷݣԼʩչֶΣ
һһ߽ʱҶɿһͬʱҶҲ֣Լʵʮ׼ȷģЩ޵н켣
ҶɪŶʵҲΪԼԽȥ۲׼Ѿ֪վڰ棬Լûа취׼ȷ֪ĵڶײʲôգʲôܡ
Ҷɸɪᣬǣû룬ɪȴֵվԭء
ͷ
ԽִܿӰ˳ɪӰյģݺݵԼһѡ񡭡
ӽȥٵԽǰֻ˲һʱ䡣
ȻԽֻɪûй˼ĵطų˶ƵĶءԣôѸٵ
ʲôҶûʷŶ⣬ѯʣԽĹ顣
ֻءԽʮּĻشҵֻأ֪࣬Ǻֻأ
Ҷɵ˵ͷɫء
Ҷ磬һ飿Щȵģʵ
ǡҶɳӦĿģΪоԽϵķһһռĿģ϶йء
һ㣬Ǹӵ֮ܵǿ߾סЩǿߣӵдԽϵǱʡܿܣҪ˵ܴȱڡ
ֻߣҪ׳ǵļƻ̽ӿ˵
ûҶЦЦ˵ܰѻƭˣǸɳŮˣҲȫȫ١òƿɵĹ򣬺ܿܣĲĿģ
ȷǸʵ⡣ǣɳȴ棬ӽ»ΪԼܹƴڲⷨ
һûжϴǾǡ
ֻҪû򣬾סڴĵشǿǣǧɱֵĶ֣
ǴڵⷨѹЩɱֵͬʱþסڴĵشǿǣܵôɳļıڲƭˣҲôҡ
ִ˳ܡɱҲôء
ʱǧˡڣֻʣһǧࡣ˲һ룬Уûϣִۣνأ
˵ɱ֮ɱ֣ǵѹֶΣƫڡ͵Ϯͻɱó顣
ûжϴֻҪҵֶⷨΡôԼһߣܳ׽棬С
ҵ취ս棬ಫתɰϮɱ־ͻ᲻Զ
Ҷһ߸˵ŻһĿģǰŨܰڿһ⣬һθıǰսֵ⡭
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ûгʲô
˭֪ǵļƻѾɹ
С޴Ĵ󡣵˭ƵСӸ˽
ҡôҴһܣ
Ҫ嶯Ҫ嶯˵Ƕڱ
˵أܳʱ䣬¶ˡ
˵ڵʤɣ
գһЩǣ˭ֻ֪һ
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ķΧɱ֣ȫ
Ҫ֪ЩɱֶڡӵеҲȫﵽs淨ںо棬ҲнǼһ𣬸Ӳս
֮ҪֺüݶӣΪˣַܹս
ȵҹһЩܣսõ޴ʱսҲøɢһЩ
ԣڹڶȦʱȻ˶˽ǣΪսúܳңֿռطֶΣݴγ֡ԣսӣԾʮֳ֡
ǣһΣҶ˼һʱ֮󣬾ȻȫԱܼս߽˰֮Сԭɱ֣ȫ߽ĵطڣȻյģײºüս
Сӡʵ̫ˣ
пһеǿǣ׷׵һ
ҶĬĬ˼ʱЩҲ˼ţţԤţڲ룬ƻ޴вĻ쵰׻ѡ
ֿܶԣڣǻڡܱ֡ǰ£ҶɿʩչֶΡǣּٷ֮ٲֵܳǰ£Ƕû뵽ҶɾȻѡ
ܼս󣬾бСӵô뵽ģ
޴ս˷ѣȴϵЧǼǲѾ̫ˣѾ̫ˣ
Ҫǣܹս
һˣһ仰û˵ꡣǣ˶ĬȻ
⣬Ŀܣ
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Ҷɲ֪ʲôǲܡرǣӵص֮Խľãûʲôǲܣ
û֪Ҷʲô취ô˵ģȴȷжϡ
ȥһǧ˵õǿߣôܼսȫǶսľ޴˷ѡȻ˵սԴĳЩرսǣսҲͬһǿߵɷӡ
ˣһ˵ͼǿߣǼߣǵ͵ĴڣʺսչͺñȣҶģЩ桢޴
ǣ£Ҷָӵģһǧǿߡĸ㷨ս
ǣҶѾˣϵһǧɱ֣϶Ըˣܼսʽ߽˰֮СһεģᵽˣҶɵ£ϣ
ô
һģΨһһ߽֮еԽǰľԽʮֳԾ
ֻأԾڼǣԼȴȫֻ֮⡣ͺԼѾ׵׵ģһ͡
ǣԽǵáʵϣҲʵ㱨Լ߽ƬԼЩԼҲͬʱˣǵֻء
Խһһǰֻȥ˲һʱ䣬ʵϣֻ֮Уȴɹ˲֪ʱ䡣
ȻԽɹǣֻɹʱ䣬ȴͼǲԼɹ˶೤ʱ䡣
˶֪һս
ûʩչʲôֶΣΪȷ˶صĹϵҲû취ɳ͵ϮǣܽΪɵģһƬֻ硣ô˵ս϶⵽һȥ͸Σա
ʱ˿̣һǧҴߣսѴ
սȾΪǡռϷ硱˴ļ
ÿһˡͺ˲ٱλġռλ֮ΪڻǰȥͺţΪ˲Լˣõ˲ɣԲŻô
ûܲġģҲ޿ɱģս
ĺȻ䣬ɳĺȻţһ˵ȡǶ־ȫޣֻŸϽ
ڳʱ䲢֮УˡĶͺ֮⡪ٴ⵽شʧ
еɱ֣Ϊ˻ʹ
еɱ֣ȴΪɳǱߵǿ߸ϣһЩֲĴ
ҶɲûиЩˣΪҶģΪҪЩ˴ԼܸõĻȡ档
Ρĳ棡
ڣǵΣȻĻᡣֻҪ˳ͨƬֻ磬ֻҪǵսȫûκʧǶԼΣͻȫ¸߶ȣ
ͨ
˱ǰľ󣬸Ūһһ㶵ʱ򡭡
ȫףΪʲôֻ磬ֿɼĵطǡԼȴûԽеʱ򡭡
ҶɵȻѹ
˵Ŀ⣬쳣ȡ
Ŀ⣬ڻﵽʱҶһЩϿЩˡҲһˡ
ڣҶҲһäĿˡҶɿɲϣЩܵκˡ
ԣڿͨʱҶĵģ֮ЩĿΪȵǿǣܿͷ֣գ֮䣬ԼڵİˣѾȫ
ʱ䣬ǾҪ
ʱ䣬ҲϢ߸Լϵǡ
ǣܿ죬ǾְΪҶÿһ˵ʶ
ܣ
ֻ΢΢һ㶣ܿ죬ǾͲ³Ҷɵ⡣
ֻǡʱ֣ܻ档ȻҶд㣬ԼҪģǽҶ˵Ĳһ
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·ܿͨͨٶȣЩؿߣһ͵͵
Ҿãǿѡˡ
սǺͣ
ͣ
ͬ⣡
ͬ⣡
ͬ⣡
ܿ죬Щ˾ͷ֡ԴӼƻ⻹ͷһΣ˵˵ͳһ

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ڴԽһ˵ȣ뵽һƬ
սƬʱҶɾ֮У޺졣
һŭ˷ЩŭԵէȥ޵ǲ١
ǣʶ΢΢չ˶ǰľ
Ȼֻһͷޣ
ʶ£ͷںѧԭޡ˶Ϊͷ޵֮𺳡
ͷޣӵһ򣡣
һǧڣͬʱʶӡôܣ飬ף
һϾܿġӵеֻ࣬٣
ɳǱǹ͵һǱѹ١ΪĳЩѧԭ֮󣬵ȷɡС
ǣȴ١
ɳǱǹֻһȷʵڵ򡣶ͷϣͬʱڣһҲȷȷʵʵɵʵ
ЦİɣֶҲܴóһɱš
û֮ǿߡǣк֮ǿߣҲֲ֮֮Լصǿߡ
Щǿߣص֪ͬʱһ壬һζʲô
ѵˣѾͬʱˣһ򡣲ңһͬʱˣ죿
˵Ŀ⣬һηҶɵϡǿͷޣҲֻλصҶ˳֣ϣ££
ֱڣҶɻû֡
ϳֵģĻū
ֵģǻūĻūš
˸ղţҶɳ˵Щɱ֮⣬Щɱ֣֪λصҶˣӵֶΡ
ǣͷصʱ˶ģѡҶɡ
һֵֺĸоͺ˭ʮҶսΡ˭֪Ҷɿ϶ܹһ
ԭǲܷ飬Ϊľ󲿷ˣûмʶҶɳ֡Ϊͷ޵ѾԶԶһǿԵļޣ
һһŵı仯
˵ͷϣ˷ˣѧԭĺۼ
ϣ׶˶ѧԭڳɱǣû˭ܹ׼ȷ𰸡ϾǶϤ̶ȣҪԶԶʤĿѧԭ
ǣԿ϶ǣǣ
ӵһôֻӵһЩģµԭ㲻ãӵд˵еģ֮
֮ܴڡ
ȻǲླڣҲ˵һ곹׻ǿҲȻȻģ䡣
ǣǸϢĵȷȷһ
šһڲ֪档ݴӶϢ֮ͨ⣬Ǹһصһ࣬
һģܿܡӵв֮
տʼֻȼˡĥšܿ죬ԽԽˣ롣
໥֮䣬ûн˵ˣΪģͷ޸ǹ֫彻ܵıˡ
ǣǡȴͬһһ뵽ˣͬһܡ
Ҷ΢΢üͷȻ֣ΣղڣͷصޡԴڡǶڰӰ˼άĴڡ
ҶȻסȻ󣬾Ҫ֡ǼһǣûҶĳ֣һʹ˹
ǼһȻ¶λã
Ҷɲü
ҶɣǺú̸̸
̸ʲô
ҶɳʣûгǸ˵ķƶҲûгʲôС
Ҫ
ͷ޺ǿߣżɽģ˵˵뷨
ŶңҶʮ̵ַģһ
Ǻг⡣ǸǿߣûںҶɵ̬ȣ˵㿴ͷޣ͸Ժɵģһɵ
֮˵˷̫ࡣҶ֪̾һݺ񣬺ܺܺĺ
ֻҪԼɱͷޣԼһǧɱֵĿУλһ붼ĸ߶ȡ
ҪԼĻɱ̣ɼ죬д⡣͸ɱ֣Լʲô̶ȣ
շЩɱ֣Ҹ취Щɱ֣ľȥڣ֮֮ģӹλȥҶɵԶĿ꣬ҪЩھѾ죬Ѿں˲ͬǿߣԼ
ԽҶɾԽֻԼһ˵֮УԼļˣ˵Լѡ
ڵȻѾӵ˼սȻӵǸص棬ǣȴû˿⡣֣ԼпܰǿĴڣһ򾡣;κԥ
ԭҶɻҪһЩᣬҪ𽥵ģʱģʩչһЩֶΣһһ۷Щɱ֡û룬ĵˣȻͰᣬ͵Լǰ
Ҳõģǻɳ㡣Ǹ˵ڣڵǲжǺѾΪУ
ǵ룬ȥһ棬չ֪㻹кܶǣң
㿴֮䣬ʵûʲôϵĳͻ׷棬ʵһǰø㣬ʱؾҲø㡣ֻҪǴɺƽЭ飬ֻҪ㳷ܸģȫ㡣ڣԺҲ봩ԽǸ棬Ҳ԰㡣
˶٣˺ٺЦҲûЩһȥԽķǲ㣬طҲȻȻģз֡ԣЩǣ˸˳ˮ顣
˵˳ˮ飬ʵݴ񣬱Զͷޣˡ
֪Щ֪˶ģڹǧڣͼǽǿ棬Ƕ⼶ڵǿǣ˶ټҵס⼸Ȧˮ׼ܿܣǴϣĹҼǿӵеĲƸȲǵĻ
˵ǴԽϵķ
ʲôзܹ֡ʲôʱ򣬲飿
һꣿ
ʮꣿ
һꣿ
һǧꣿ
ǣԶ̸
˵Զһš
˵ѶһܹףԭϾԽϵķ漰һз
ȵҲԽˣԼԭȵǸ֮СĴڵռ䣬ҲԼȥһҶҪȥѧϰо
ҶɽڴǿߣټһҲûа취⡣
Ͼ뿪֮󣬳Ѿ֮⡣оɹôҲΪӰ
ϾܹЩоɹǣϲʲôоɹϵķʲôϵԣͷ»һա
˵£ҶɵѾź޻˵⣬ѾģչҶɵǰ
ҶЦˡ
Ǹû¶ǿߣҲ˵Цˡ
඼̸ˡҲҶɻἸҪ󡣵ǣ̸оḻ֮ͬȴܴҶɵЦУҶɵҪѾ̫ࡣ
ȻҶûҪֻһ
֥ң̳
ʱ䣬Ц̡
ܻһܿ죬Ǹǿ߾ְ̬ˡ̸С
̸̸Уֻж̸ܳյжϡȻ˵ҶɺȻᵽ֥Ǹǿ߸оһ˿ǣǺš̸ý
û롭
֪ڲеҪ֥ڱ֥еȴмһˣûɱ֥Ҷ΢΢Цţ˵ȥһ£ҾֻģҲϡ
ͽˣ
Ͳ̸ˣ
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ûǸǿߣȰҶɡȻҶɾͳˡ
໡
Զޣ˷һ˻
ߵɱǣһǽš
ǹҪˣһҪס
ûֻҪסϣҶҲǳˡҶһܰ޸ɵ
ˣΪҪԱֵܼҶʤһ̡ȻǺȻ֣ȻԶޣ˻ֲȻͷϡһɹǿƣѾȫʵʻġǣͷޣû߷
ʵϡͷʲôطûй
ײеƣȫǳԼȥ

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һļž
Ϣģ֮Ӱ£˶ϣеҶɵϡǣûһ˲µõηҶɵڡҶûвµȻ
ͷޣԲУ
òǣʲôԲŰɡԼţԼ²顣
ûͨԲУøǿսֶΡ
ͺ˵£˻ԱһˮһΪҵʱҲЩǿߣʩչԲ֫壬ջ񳬶սֶΡ
ǣڵԲԡ
ûпһѵncͿʼѡô˵ֶΣ
󲿷ˣ롣ʱ˿̣棬ô㻳ɡ
òᣬncɡ
ܿ죬ô㻳ɣѾɢΪԲһ֮޷ǵûлʲôսή٣
Բ˵Уܲδ֮ǰȰԼǱ
Ҫ֪ǿֶΣҲҪǿ֧ţʩչڣŹ˲ɲǵʱ䣬ͷ޾Ѿؿ𡣽ʲôʩչԼֶΣ
ڴԽԽĵʱ򣬺ȻһӰ޵ĺ棬Ȼ֡
ҶɣúúãǲϳԿĺݽɫ棬ȻȥǼ̸̸һле
Ȼ̸Ѿѡǣȴǲ䡣˵֥飬Ǽ֡ǣҲûпܣǼһɿڡ
رǣҶԽԽhʱǼһԽǲüҧԼ治֡
뿪֮ǰ˸Ҷ˵δ̸УһЩռ䡣
ͬʱҲһζãҲҪҶ鷳
ȻȻ󡱵ģ˶ģ˵һΣɼһߡ
Ҫһɱͷ޵ãҶЦ֪մ㻹Ǹɣ
ȻҶɵΣȻʧӰһγʱѾȻվڣǸһֱû¶ģǿߵǰ
˻
źȻǰֵҶɣһֱʮŵǿߣɵãһ
㡭ôģ
ģǿߣҲʳһ˶ʹҶɵϹɡ
ǰôģ
ǿߵŭ˶һҲҪ⡣
ֻǣ˲ûǿҶɵٶȣŸ̵⡣ֻǾãҶ˵ٶȣɳӿֲ
ɳһӰҶˣԭһӰ·;֮ϣûӰ棡
ʲôٶȣ
Ҫ֪ڲһ޴ڵⷨȫѹǿߵڴĵشַ͸ǿ
ԼûǱ뵽ĵشǿߣֻҪٶȿ϶ɡ
ɪַ֣һǿߣȴַܽѹƵĸЧ͡ڣԽַøǿ͸ٶȡ
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ɳīЩˣӵֽԣɳԱίΡ߻īǱʦֱӴ뵽ˣ֪ģĲռȥ
Ҷ̸еǿߣǸīʦ졪λͬĴڣڲⷨճ̶ȻԶɳī֮ϡ
Ҷôţ档طԼȻ޷ȷ޷ȷɱҶɡǣҶҪԼΣҲܡ
û룬ҶɵĳԼȻ㣬ûа취㿪
ڣҶֻסԼȥ·ҪǡȻ֡
৵һӣǿ߾;ãԼļϣм亹˳
ѵ㲻Ͻܺƽ
µǿҲֻüϣڣҶɶ̸̸ƽ
ûҶɶԴ򣬶ҶɵٶȡҲֲ̫˵㡣ƣһʮᡣҪǡԵ˾ԵٶȣӢ۾֮أ
ƽȻܺáҶЦţȵǣҲҪãŽĺã
Ҷɣʲô˼ǿɫһõ˵ȥʣʲôʱ򣬻

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һǧɱ֣뷢ˣ͵͵ĺҶɵƣ¡;ȵģ󺰴
졣˿Զһǧɱ֡ҶЦǣ˶ǻġѵղЩֶΣҪҸ㶶¶
ղţǺ֣һǧɱ֣ҲȫϣҶɵϡҪֻ֪صǿߣŻΣյʱ򣬽ϣʤϣϡڡ
һɱ֣ûصҶΪ
ͷǳ͵ޣûг֣
һôɱ֣ϣȫҶϡңǱʶΪҶɿ϶ܹӮĪĸоںδ
ɫøѿȻ֣Լƺûʲô֤ݣ֤Լġס
յֻʷѡ
ڵʵŻš
ðɣǡ衱˵ҰҪ󴫸ǣȻ۾
ҪֻҶɵЦݣӱ䣬ҿԺĸ㣬ܲңͬˣ
üǺ⡣
ҡҶָָԼȻָָ㣡
ҶɿĶ˶٣ǿһ
ͬһˣ
˫ۣȻԲɡ
⡭ôܣ
ûҲϵʿҶɺٺЦңҲǡܳʱĹ
֮ǲǾãҲʵ̫ˣ
ǰ̫ˡЩãȻ֪ԼЩֶΣѾҶɵ۾
ǣôܣ
ϣƬͬҶҵõ
ϣȻģǿߴڣ
ţǣòţ
һʼԼڰ˵ҶҲʱĻ󣬵ǣôҲʱʱģߵǰ̨
ڣԼûпҶɵҶȴѾһڵԼȥʲô飬棿
ڤڤ֮У֮䣬ʲôϵϵ
Ѿʼ˼ˣҲܣЩ룬ûʲô
ӣ򵥡ǿߣҲԱ⡣ҶɰҡҡͷΪ̾ϢǶԼĸ롣
ҪǺ֪һУȫҶϹµģ֪θ룿
ʵϣҶֻ֪ù֮ңΪ˱֤ЧųһЩĹȣڸһ󷨡
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֮ͬǿߣԵʱȲȡֶΣ
ʵϣȣ֮ӰЩɱ֣δûУӰһҶɵ뷨Сͬɵ˵ڼԼֵͬǿʱҲûκΣһȡ뷨֡
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ûӰ쵽ҶɵǣҶҲûеһʱ䣬ͷֺڡ
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ԣǸʱǱлᣬеҶɸɱǣȴûһôΪԼ棬˭ϣΪССҶɣ뿪
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ǽɣǽɵáģͰ⣬ɵǰ档
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ɱ֣׳϶һΪ˷ǵ󣬴˸ÿһɱ֣Ҫɱ֮Ĵڣ
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ҶɲûκΣִɱִ˼˵ʱһͱ뿪ʱؾԳڴһɱִִߣҲڵʵ
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ڣѾҶɵһǧǿߣ֪ڿǿóǧɼǿߣΪ֮ϢĴڣȻһλ״ٳٿһ죬ûа취ɳǿߣ
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ԼܲܣİҶɸɱ

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ϾȻ˵;סڣҶɵϸ֮СǣʵϣҶɾʵ̫ңԶʮо취ǿԼ֮ϵ
ǺҶɾͲںʹøֶΣԼķ²ֻҪ²߳ױôԼͺܿܿһԣջԼҪϢ
Ϊһ֮۷֮ǿߡȻ֪ҶԼĿģʲôԣеҷա˵էȥһ䣬һ䡣ǣ飬ȴѾѽ룬ѱʴ
·ҲûʲôõġҲҪȥǼһģҪȫɺƽЭ飬͵ȥռ䡣
ÿһΣҶɵʱͺǸûκθƵãҶɳҲ޿κΡ
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ҪԼĵһܸᲢ۵ĳ̶ȣȻ̫ܡϾҶڵĵΪʵ˵ʲôǱҲǴﵽһѡ۷壬Զúܡ
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ԼѾ϶ʵԲ־ܡ
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ѣôǹڣԼȥֱҶˡпܣٻüķ棿
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ǣ˭֪ǲܷ顣
ֻǣͨͷսҪϲʱӦԡ㶨ս֮󣬻ؿҪȥԽ
Ҷôţ棬Ҳûϼʱʱ䣬ܸ㶨ӽʱճǱڣǰ󲻹ʱ䡣ôܣڶӱ
ǧãǰԼôྫȥȫǰˡԼȫûлᣬСӴ档
ڹǧ̾ʱ򣬺Ȼ
ǧȻ֣ʱգһĲ
ڵһӱ֮껵ˣҲȻ֣ӱۣһһģʼΣ
ֲǣһʼûзӦȹɲǵʱ֮껷ŵһŭmdС߹ʺˣ
ڶӱڳ֣
ܿ죬ǧڣҲع
ǧ֮һ˻ᣬŵһνȻˣ
ΪˣСпܷԾѸmdôŬҲȲ˼߹ʺˣ
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УôܣŹˣһ
˵ĻȻֹΪķ֣һڹ⣬ǵصģԼߣವ
ʱճǱ𣿡
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껷Ӧ죬Ͳ˵ͷһȣͳڶӱ˹ȥ
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ңڹ⣬ҲǵһοڹȥЩУûһʱյԼ۳ģʵ廯
ҶܹµȻڣδȴ̷ܹΪʵܡ
ݺһʱĶ˽껵ˣЩڹ⣬ζʲô
ѹ֣Ķˮ׼ɼǿ߶ð԰飬֮ʱѾоˣι̷Ϊʵ
Ҷɻֻǲ²⣬껵˾ѾԿ϶
ƷȻԼĪģӵ˹̷ΪʵȻֻˡʱؾˡܸ
ǰЩǿߣʱճǱġ
Ȼ˵һƷ̺ʱ˫Լںܵĵֵǲ͡ǣԽ档ƿȣȴ㲻ʲôˡ
ڣÿ˶ʶ£ȥԼСƷܹգ֮У̷ܹΪʵֶΡôܿܣҲԼͻƾƿ
껵һ׹ܿ졣Ҳ׹ҲͲ˴кģѸٳڶӱ˹ȥ
ԿöŴ
ûĶ˺ô
һ磬зʧԿÿտյ

ڹ⡣ҶƷġڵһӱʧڶӱֵʱҲˣ껵˵Ĵڡ
Ǹͨʼ֮أüĹǧ
ΪĳҶѾ֪ˣЩ˵ҲѾ֪⼸˾ǣҪ֥ץϷɵĴڡ
ˡ֮Իᵽⲻ
ȴǵĲãʲôǿֶΣҲѾûô
һһڶӱͳ껵ˡٿѾڵڶӱ֮еĹǧҶɵϣ¶˱Цݡ

ݺ˵Ⱥ̽ӱÿһӱص㡣صǣÿһ½룬ӱڵͻͬ
Ҷɷ֣һΣԼˣһķ֮Сʶûܵκԣܹⷿ
ܵǽ֮ϣÿһȼա
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ǣŨɫĻ棬һƹâ
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ǰڹ⣬Ҷɵһη֣ԭֻ൱ǿɾľƷҲ۳ʵ廯ĵܡ
һΣǽʮѣҶʶԭ֮һйâ
Ҫ֮һ㣬Ҳôϡ档꣬Ҷɶùġ޾ڰһְ֮ؼ
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ЩԵʹãҲԻϡӣر仯еı仯˾ãһ磬Ҷɸ⻯죬
ǣҲֻͨӣܲЧһչֳԼ߱ģһֵȴӵеĵܣͲò뵽һ˵
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Ӹǵڹ⿪ʼҶɾʱʱģſ˵ȻûӦǣҶȴ֪Ʒܹüö
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Ҫֻ֪дﵽ˾ƷƷĵӵԼǡһƷʶ˵ǲһ˽
ǣƷȴͬѾӵˣԼ˼룬Լ־ԼԼжϣ
ӦҶзȻ̾ԣҶɺܿͨˣһӱ
ҲӦˣҶɡЩˡ
ڣҶЦѯʱģʮϵĻ棬Ҷһ¡ȻҶɾ;ȵĿÿһǽϣѵĻ潻֯һγĸ֡
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֣֮ͨõ֡
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ÿȻڡҶȻʧЦ
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һҶɵУ;һۡʰЦ飬ĬĬעǽϵĻѣͺҪЩ棬ɽȥ

껵ˣɵļ١һĹǧֵҲǷֱһ䣬Ȼ󣬾Ϳʼƽ֮á
ǲֹһΣһӱ֪յƿȨ϶һӱ֮Сܹ̽ӱǲ֪Ҫ̽ӱԭŴԽļƻԽԽӽʵ֣Ѿôˡû룬Ȼǰ֡
ӱȻǷǾζţҶɶ봥ʲôطܿܣһӱͻһγ֣
ˣڼ߸ϵĻһ뷨Ϊ˶һΪʵҪ㹻ӱܿһӱҪʲôյӱŻ֡
ҪٴءңҪɱҶɣ
ȳһ䣬ͷ΢侲˵㡣껷ôҲ֮С
һ뵽Ҷɣ껾̴ӴռóһͨѶ
ʱճǱʶʹáǣʶȴᱻһǵ֡ңĴǣѧԭʮɡ
ϾʱյôҲûаκһ򡭡

ܿ죬µЭ飬ٴδɡ
ЩԭΪ档ԲһΪƻб䣬ҪʱЭ飬Ѿˣ֪ٴΡ
ȻڼҲΪ硰־ȻǡϹҲ̫塱ȵ飬һǡⶼΪ˻ø棬Ҫ
ô˵ˣЭ֮껳˵ƽЩĽơûκ˿ԡǶˣ˵ǻƽɹȿϹȥţ̲󡣳һ򣬲ܷʲôֱʣƻҲٸı䣡
ڴЭĹУ껵ˣҲûзƽⷿơּǿ˵Ķãʲôϡ顣
껻󲻾ãǧЦʹ֮У˳
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Уһݵ¡󣬹ǧٴδ
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ȻҲ߳ŭҪʱճǱٵ˵ʱճǱֻһƷֻ൱ɼǿߡǾƷҲסһɼڵģһ
ǣϾʱճǱȦķֹɼڵĹǣǿߣڲļӹ֮󡣱˵һɼˣ߰˰ٸɼǿߣԿûг״£ҲѶʱճǱɶĴ
ڵʱճǱЩ֡
һ棬ΪƷӦ޷ֵɼڵĽֶΡ
ǣһ棬ΪһӱԣɼǿߣҲֻܻ޷շ
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ʵϣǿɵĵƷҲĶ֣
ЩھƷϢҶɲ֪ͺ껡ǧˣ֪ƷѾӵһǡǲ֪Ȼͨصľʮַḻǣܶ飬Ѿȫı䡣
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ҶɲĹļһҲûĸǿߣһڡǿ棬ǿ߷չȻҪȡԴȻҪ׷ջҶҲ⡣
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𰸡ҶɺȻģţĵĴԽ᲻ᡣΪţĴԽԼĵ̣ԣԼϸ֮УŻĪģһ棿
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ڵֵɲǵʱ֮󣬹ǧͱñ˵ء
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ʵϣκһǿߡûз֣
ѵҶɳϮˣס
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ȷ𶦣ǻЩĹؼҶɶûг֡
ҶɿǧȻܹٿ𶦵ʱ֪϶ʲôֶΡ
Ҫ֪껿ϰøǧջ˶𶦵ĿȨ󡣹ǧҲҪϲʱ䣬ܽ𶦼ɹ
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ԽǿıʱԽһǸոƳľƷҪʱ䡣˵һŸոľƷ
ԣҶɶ϶ǧû
˵Ҷɺܿʶ棬϶ʲôֶΡ
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Ҫ֪ǵ˵棬ת˹ǧǧҲǵ˵棬ָƷʩչ˵ܡǣȴûһˣ
Ҷɵ֮ǡǡǿЩֶεľѷšǧɱҶɵķҶɵͶڰоֶΡ
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ƽֶΣ껵ȻҲ֪ǴƽֶΣΣҲ𶦣ǧʹá
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ʵϣҶɵȷ뼫״̬Ҳֻܴݻ𶦣ǿ𶦡
ֵģʱճǱ
׼ȷ˵ǽǳ֮ģʱճǱ
֪ЩΪҶԳ֣ҶɣԼ𶦣̰ġԣ˼ƣҪͨ𶦿ȨѰҶɵ䡣
֪˸Ӳ֪ƻͷβҶɵûг֡
ڣǸʱˣùؼҪ飬ҲҶԳ֣ͬʱճǱ͡
껵ˣоʱճǱѾ̫̫ʱ䡣Ȼ˵ǰǾ;ãƷʲôҪܡǣȴȫûҵκõ
ڣֱڣǣֻ֪ǾƷĵʵϣȴӵӰɼڵ
ԭǲܵ顣ϾƷҲͽ൱ڣɼĴڡ۷弶ȣɼǿߣܱǿ϶٣
ǺǱʱճǱˡ껵𶦶ˣϵģѪʴĹؼͳͳˡǻ֪ʲôطҲûȥ룬ڶӱʱճǱǲʲôŹ֡
˼ڷǣǲ֪ǣǵ˼ǵķһһģǣ޵Ԩȥ˵ľ
ˣ˭
𾪹ܻˣһع?,.!Ȼ˾ģʳô⡣
㲻ãһѾԽƿĴڣ˴󵨲²⡣
²ڱô˿϶⵽ĳЦ
ǵģ˶֪϶бɼǿľ硣˶֪ڼԪ֮ϣӦûһ硣ڣһЩţǸ磬־ͽС֮
ǣ˭ܴﵽǸ磿
ڳˣԼǵЩǣȫ֮⼶Ĵڡ
ļ֮УΪǿĴڡΪܽӴĲλ򺣸ҲܽӴ⼶ǸȦӡ
û֪һΪʱؾصطźɼڡ۷弶ڣ֮Ӵ󣬶Ҫá
һʮ־ܵ飬Ѱǿߣһ֪
Ӿܵǣÿһʱ䣬⼶Ȧͻһ
ЩĴڣģʱؾĽʸÿһĻʤߡܰѳصһʱ䡣
֮Уǧڵǿ档ǿߣ֪ǰ˶ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ﷱϢ˶ٴˡڴ֮ϣγӴ˿ڹģ
ǣأ
ﴩԽʱգ飬ΪƹءǿΧɱʱĳֱڣණûܲġǣֻ˵ЩѾ㹻ľ磬졣һ졣
ľٴαǣһӣԾ졣ԼûʶʵҲǰһʷӰ͡
Ǻ͸Ӳ뵽ԼһʷӰʵ͸ʱؾռ䣬ܲɷֵĹϵ
ڣҶѾʷƲ˳Ʋ֮Իô¡Ҳ껵ˣѲϵ
ǣ껵ˣȴȫûгҶƲ£ʷң棬ĵشõôʱ껵ˣǵǰ˼·ԽԽţȫķ򣬷չȥ
ڣǲһԽɼƿǿߣϮʱȻûһˣһССʣ
Ĭһ˵ܿܣһģûԽɼڵǿߣ
ֻо糬ԽȴûгԽʮֺĽˣΪʲôһƫƫѡ͵Ϯǣģһ˵ȣֱӻ
ǣ˶ˣһ飬ĽͿкܶ֡ǣȴֻһ
ܿ죬Ʋ⣬ͻ껵ϿɣƾҶɵļս״̬¾͵ԽɼĴڡôܻãôǿ
Ҳ˵Ҫܹ뼫״̬ǿߣǧµģ˵һ䡣
ͺǺ£ԼһģҶɽ뼫״̬ԼΪȫ׼ڿɲǵʱ֮󣬲
ԷǿߡУһشڣ綼ѾԽƿԼǰôǾ
ǿǧѾųʵսȹǧСԶԶϹǧĻ͸Ӳ
ģ׷ʱֻɫ԰׵ģĴһߣþ
˺ܳʱ䣬˺ۣܶڣҲ˿ڡ
Ҫǻǽ֥ɡ
ʱ䣬һƬž
û˳ڳΪȷһѡ
ڳˣʮʱ䡣ʱԽˣԽǣظ̵ˡȻҶɵߣôһڡôβԻƽ
֥Ǻܴ󣬵ǣԼȡָҲʲô
ǰǣǲǣ⵽в
ܿ죬껾Ϳˣֻһ⣺ҪǣҪʱճǱأ
һΣ
ʱճǱܡǰ˵Ĺʶԣһ޷ľƷ˵ѡ񣬲ǰⶫ飬¯ѡѡÿһʱ䣬ͽ̽һ
ڹȥ⣬˭ɻش𡪡¡
ǣڼȫʵʵڹ˶ԴʱճǱ̬ͷ˸Եı仯
Ϊʲôǻۼһ
ΪʲôǻĵشһǺüǧ꣬ü꣬ˣ˳ʱ䣿
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Ϊ˴ﵽ߾
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ڹ⣬ʱճǱпܣʹţطҵͻƵľϣ
һ˭ãͳʱճǱ
ã˳˵ûи潻ս˵Ҳûаգܹսʤǡԣҽ飬ǻǼǰһǾͿԣƿʱճǱ
ְһС˷׷׵ͷͬʱգһɱ
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ڣҶɳɹɱ˵һǿߡ껵ˣȫ֪Ϣ
ÿһˣЯ˵ֻҪ䣬Ǿ̷֡
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ֱǲܷ飬һƷ䵷ĳսЩǿ˵ʲô
ѵҶɸɱˣ
ܿ죬˶뵽ˣΨһܵĴ𰸡
Ҳֻʩչ˼սҶɣһ㡣ʱճǱܳͷǣʱ䣬侲
̫嶯ˣղôû뵽ҶΣգ
껵ˣвɵþ΢΢һ
Ȼ֮ĵܣ
ҲֵֻܣܹϢģӰ쵽Լߵǿ
û뵽ĵΪȻˣ̶ֳȣ
ȫûвģԼԭĿ꣬˲֪ںδΣա껵ˣоһļ¡
ڣһοʼϵҪһεģۼһһʱ䣬봩Խʱյĵ粨ཻ֯Ҳϵģͬһʱյص㡣۹ȥ

ڲ֪жˣҶЦţһʱշ򣬼ȥ
£ֻҪٷµʱ䣬Ҿٻɱһ
һ߿ٷţҶһ߶ʱ˵ʱճǱڲҶʲôط˵ʱճǱü
ھ֮Ҷɵ֮˳ڣÿһζüս˿Ասɲǵʱ֮⡣ǿԣµʱ֮󣬾ٴζüս
ʱճǱԶ껵˷ָҡƬʱաôҶɾһνһεģʩչսͳͳɱֻϧʱճǱʱճǱƿߡǸ棬û
ֻҪٻɱһͲٵѪʴ󣡡
ͨĽܣҶ֪ͳ֥ġֻ껵ʮˡˣЭǡ
Ѫʴ󡣱˸һ֡Ҳ˵ֻҪҶնɱԷһˣԷҲûжֵ֣Լļս
ѪʴȻǿǿҶҲòСӦǣǣ֮󣬱Ҫһʱתܷá
ˣκһڲ֮ʱͬʱס״̬µҶɡֻʣ°˸ˣһεжѾʧܡ
ҶҲûܹ껵һ򾡡ϾԼļսǿȴҲࡣֻҪԷ˾һԼͺѳɹϾۼһԼıͲ¶档
һǻ
һѡ裬Ϊżĵࡣ
ڶѡ񻨺ΪȻĲ̫󣬵ȴս
кѱߣƶƻʱҶɾʮִݣʮ־׼Լ֪У˲֪Լǳ£ʤѾע
֮Ӱ֮껵ˣҲܿʶҶɽĿܾ꣬ܿǻԣѡľۼʱյص㣬ܹ뻨۵ĵص㡣ֻҪһ뻨ɹ档ôͲ̫ĺ顣
ڻʱﴩȻʮ鷳ǣ˼ٵ£Ҳаգһµʱ֮ڣȫۼһ
Ҳ̫ţһ߼˲ƣһ߳ŵĴԼѾùսһٶãҲҪüµʱ䡣ǵٶȣܹ˳ʦ
˼ۣòһµʱ䡣ǿߣֻʱ䣬ܸ档ˣ껵ĻҲ΢΢˵ͷʵܿܳΪһĻҲûκν
ǣ˶ûϵ֮󣬻Ȼûиκһ棡
ЩԣǸ뻨ǿߣЩ˵Ԥص㣬Ҳǣȴû취Է
л󣿡껼ʵ
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˺ͻһشһƬûУס
ʱޣģôԶˣ껵Ӽ٣ˣʱգ̣
껵ʮֹϡϵ֮еҶɣҲɵôһ
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Ҷ֮ԻʱճǱ껵ڹ⣬ΪҪþ޴棬껵
Ȼ󣬲ѰҰ취һɱ
û룬Сͻƾƿ޴ջǰ껾ȻҲ˹ϵģôҼ
ϣÿһˣ껵
ҶϣģۿʱճǱͶӰ񡣿ϧǣϣܿͱһӰϣ
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ڣҶɳɹɱ˵һǿߡ껵ˣȫ֪Ϣ
ÿһˣЯ˵ֻҪ䣬Ǿ̷֡
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ֱǲܷ飬һƷ䵷ĳսЩǿ˵ʲô
ѵҶɸɱˣ
ܿ죬˶뵽ˣΨһܵĴ𰸡
Ҳֻʩչ˼սҶɣһ㡣ʱճǱܳͷǣʱ䣬侲
̫嶯ˣղôû뵽ҶΣգ
껵ˣвɵþ΢΢һ
Ȼ֮ĵܣ
ҲֵֻܣܹϢģӰ쵽Լߵǿ
û뵽ĵΪȻˣ̶ֳȣ
ȫûвģԼԭĿ꣬˲֪ںδΣա껵ˣоһļ¡
ڣһοʼϵҪһεģۼһһʱ䣬봩Խʱյĵ粨ཻ֯Ҳϵģͬһʱյص㡣۹ȥ

ڲ֪жˣҶЦţһʱշ򣬼ȥ
£ֻҪٷµʱ䣬Ҿٻɱһ
һ߿ٷţҶһ߶ʱ˵ʱճǱڲҶʲôط˵ʱճǱü
ھ֮Ҷɵ֮˳ڣÿһζüս˿Ասɲǵʱ֮⡣ǿԣµʱ֮󣬾ٴζüս
ʱճǱԶ껵˷ָҡƬʱաôҶɾһνһεģʩչսͳͳɱֻϧʱճǱʱճǱƿߡǸ棬û
ֻҪٻɱһͲٵѪʴ󣡡
ͨĽܣҶ֪ͳ֥ġֻ껵ʮˡˣЭǡ
Ѫʴ󡣱˸һ֡Ҳ˵ֻҪҶնɱԷһˣԷҲûжֵ֣Լļս
ѪʴȻǿǿҶҲòСӦǣǣ֮󣬱Ҫһʱתܷá
ˣκһڲ֮ʱͬʱס״̬µҶɡֻʣ°˸ˣһεжѾʧܡ
ҶҲûܹ껵һ򾡡ϾԼļսǿȴҲࡣֻҪԷ˾һԼͺѳɹϾۼһԼıͲ¶档
һǻ
һѡ裬Ϊżĵࡣ
ڶѡ񻨺ΪȻĲ̫󣬵ȴս
кѱߣƶƻʱҶɾʮִݣʮ־׼Լ֪У˲֪Լǳ£ʤѾע
֮Ӱ֮껵ˣҲܿʶҶɽĿܾ꣬ܿǻԣѡľۼʱյص㣬ܹ뻨۵ĵص㡣ֻҪһ뻨ɹ档ôͲ̫ĺ顣
ڻʱﴩȻʮ鷳ǣ˼ٵ£Ҳаգһµʱ֮ڣȫۼһ
Ҳ̫ţһ߼˲ƣһ߳ŵĴԼѾùսһٶãҲҪüµʱ䡣ǵٶȣܹ˳ʦ
˼ۣòһµʱ䡣ǿߣֻʱ䣬ܸ档ˣ껵ĻҲ΢΢˵ͷʵܿܳΪһĻҲûκν
ǣ˶ûϵ֮󣬻Ȼûиκһ棡
ЩԣǸ뻨ǿߣЩ˵Ԥص㣬Ҳǣȴû취Է
л󣿡껼ʵ
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˺ͻһشһƬûУס
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껵ʮֹϡϵ֮еҶɣҲɵôһ
õ𣬷ŵ£˾ۣ
Ҷ֮ԻʱճǱ껵ڹ⣬ΪҪþ޴棬껵
Ȼ󣬲ѰҰ취һɱ
û룬Сͻƾƿ޴ջǰ껾ȻҲ˹ϵģôҼ
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ҶϣģۿʱճǱͶӰ񡣿ϧǣϣܿͱһӰ¼ƻ
ϧˣֻҪһˣ̰ʮ㣬Ҿܳ׽вҶҡҡͷ΢̾һ䡣
ѾɹɱһˣֻҪٻɱһͿȷȫڣԷȻоŸˡֻҪŸ˲ٷֿԼͺУֵĻᡣ
Ҷ磬ҪԤԣҧһ촽˵
򲻿ɣҶȻһ˵ǿҲһǵĵǶԤ֮ķƽ⣡
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ʧһƷʲôشʧǣʧһ棬ǻκμǿߣʹ
Ȼ˵ҶѾӵһ档ǣֶֶ˭̫ࣿ
˵ҶҲ΢΢üͷ
ȷǣɵϡ˵һƷˣܹ졣ǣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬Ҳûܣ뵽ֿԡ
ǣҪȥðաҶɾ
ϸϸģѵαһ顣ݡŰ
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ǣʱǻڸҪŪʤ鷳ֱӾͰĨɱˣﻹᣬ
ΪһЩԭǲŸҲԣ˺ܶꡣ
ǿ𡪡㵱ʱѾϴˡǣҲֻҪǿöࡪǿҲЩǿߵĶ֣Ҷôãȥðգ
Ҷ֪϶ˣһЩֶΣŸ֮䣬ʱ޷˼
ֻҪҶһɲǵʱ䣬ڣһɲǵʱ䶼ҪܹɱʥһǿսȫѹƻִڡֻҪû˰æͲܣֵҶɵͻȻ͵Ϯ
ǣҶɲҶġ֪Լڳɹɱ֮󣬻üͷԮ
ϾսҲмս㡣ĳɾʥ֮ܵҶɣƿ棬ںܶ㡣
ԭҶһʥɼڡô˵ԷоŸ˾ۼһ𣬾оʮŰٸǧҲһԣɱ
ͬģΪԭҶɸðա
ƻᣬҿ϶ͬ⣡ûΪԼļƻףҶɾͲκλģֹߣȥԤһ£ýڿɲͻơҪǷú֣ټڰвãʱճǱڰ͵ϮҲܹһң
ͻƣǾһڡ
ԭһڣܶһȺ۷弶ǿߣʲôӰ졣ǣȴһҪɱﵡ
ǾǣǸͲϧʩչ
ڽռʱҶɾѾ֣µļ֮ȻռԴԴϵģȡĵ
껵֪ǣڱ֧֣Ҷһμս׶ã
˵ʲô֮ٻָ塣
νɸΪ֮
ŪףԴԴϡ֣ķˣͿ廨ţڣǶԿǣʲôطѻȻ󣬰˸չȥŪһشĻ
ǿ껵ˣҲû취һ㡣ˣڵƴ棬ľ޴࣬Եûô޴
һ껵ϧԼĵôҶƻĳɹʣͻһ˵ʧˣҲԼĻū
Ȼ˵Ҷһ򶼶ºܺáǣūǻūǵûܸᲢۡ
Ҷ˵ʱҲͲٶ˵ʲôˡ֪ҪԼȥԼҶ磬϶Ҫлūͳͳǲȥ
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ղţԼںǰˡ
껵뿪ӱȴϼԶ롣ǱʶԼҲҪ껵˶š
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ֻһѾǳ۸˵ϷٴΣҲܷ֣ʱճǱŵģ֮ϣ
ȦԣԼݵЩǱʱװʱճǱĸΪƿʱճǱǸ棬ֻǳζѡЩɵģͿԳ״ݻ١
ǣֻ޿κεĽЩһֱҶɳǰ
潻һ֮Ҷ֪ΪʲôѡԼ
飬棬ûγɡͬࡱʶԣûʶҶɣжôΣա
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ʲôҵǱ󡱣ȫСӰ˵Ϊš
Ҷɾ껵ˣȥԿҿʱСƢͺȻð˳
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룬ҶɻǾճҪȥϾԼܾˡеСƢļһ㲻þͻԼ
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ҶϸеǸ档ѾȫģǼݻ׳һ棬ɢѾ㹻ȷҶһԵ١Ҳӵ˵Ū᲻ɴݵԹˣֻɱ껵ˣҲ׾ٵ顣
뵽Ҷɾ;ãԼбҪٸϸеǸ棬ú̸һˡЩԼ淨Ǳȴڣϸӻ֣Ҷʣˣ
㿴˼ңǳ棬֪Ұæ㶼ˣˣôͲ¶һ֣
Ҷɵϸ֮СûĿԣǣҶȴ֪ϸеǸ棬ܹɻ֪Ϣ
ܿ죬Ѷ
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ٴˣԼֶΣҪЩǣÿһεĽһģһ
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⣬Ҳʹ档ǣȴûеõκλش𡣿£ԼҲ֪Ĵ𰸡
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Ľ֮ҶɳĬ
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ռλĽףҪǿߵľԼɸ̺ŵɿռλ֮
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Ľףȥͬϸе棬ڲϽĹУҲȡôҶͷĴڡ
Ǵʲôĵطȡֻߣ汾д
ǰߣҶڵԴĹֻ߳͡Ҫ˺ȻǣǾͿ϶ζţӱʲôطȡ
ߣţġǸей۵㡣һֺĻ˵ǾǣԡС
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ڣҶʶе⾳Ϣһ룬ѾָԼԼĸū¡ټϣԼҲһ֣ʶռѾڿ˴롣
ǣѲ⣬һ˰æ㣬æ룬ܻǺõġԣҶҲͺԥģϰڸֻꡣ
һ߰ҶţһҲԼ˼ȻʵҶ磬ȻǿԣͬķںһôԼǲҲͨںķԼ
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ҲΪͻµȫ
ҲΪ˳뵽Լ
ǰߣͻᱻ淴»Ҷɵ˷һһЩ
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ҶɽԼ˼Ҳͬʱͽϸռ䡣ͬͬ⣬Ҫ棬Լľ
Ҷɲ֪ʲô˼ǣ֪ÿһ˼ʱǻỨϲʱ䡣
֪Ĵ֮Ҷʱʱģͻ䣬Щ⡣Щ⣬ҪĬüʱ䣬Żشһ䡣һΣҶʹ֮ȻĬµʱ䣬Ÿ˸
ҶѾϰĳĬ飬һûκλǣת飬Ǹȥ
ϸе棬ҶɻֱӽӴȥǸеұʶ
סʱճǱе档ȴѾʱʱҶɵߡҶҪڣҲûκ⡣
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ǣȣ껵ѡܡĿԺСϾԼ붯֣껵ˣڲǿ֮硣ҲֻܹһĿֻȴּǿߣ׷ԼӪ˲֪ٸĳ
ҵ͹ˣǸ֮ĹϵһĿתģŴĻϴģǰսҶһҼ֡
˵ֳ֯ɡһζԴҶɵ̬˵ɷֱΪսɣɣǽɡ
ͨĽܣҶѾ֪λԪŵޣǸǣվͬһսϡǣΪżѹվø䣬ս𣬱뿪ռ䡣գǱβǿˣɱ˵ع֮С
ǣȻ֪ЩƹʡҶҲûʶڡδ֪֮껵˾ȻĻѡɵĺߣѡ˼ӡգ뵽ټٵģ֮С
Զ֮УϸйصĵˡԸǿĶ֣ҾͲܣ׼ȷжϣ
ڼţԼĳʱʱҶҲڰԼƻţԼδģĿ껵ľϣ
Ͼֻ½ķȦǰõʱ䣬Ҳֻʮѡ껵˵ȫʱȦ֣ûмֶ೤ʱ䣬ѾƬ
ӭ껵˵ģһƬʱա
׿ʱԹ
껵ˣӾҪˡ׿ǸԪŵޣҲģһɵǿߡ
Ȧ׿ĲáǣѾһըУ׻ˡ껵û뵽ؽȦȻһƬ
ңһƬ򣬱׿Ĳã󣬿ȥҲѲ⣡
սѵľȻǰ֣껵˵꣬һܵشǵɫȫʮѿ
ʱԹǲܹǣֻҪȥˣͺѻӦ
ΣŸ˵ñһšҶɾʩչսһһơǣʱԹ˵Ÿһˣһ飬ҲǺѰ쵽顣
ǰȻʱԹ껵ˡѾû飬ȥ׷ȥǱѸҵһֽ취ɹǰѹء
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ȻûпҶɣǣﶼʱ˿̣ҶɾӦǵڶȦͨĻۿߵսַչ
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ѡʱ䲻ܳҲȷֻ˼̵ʱ䣬˾ϡ
Ųң
˶껣ûѯʲôǶᡣ³껵ľϡ
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ҶɲɵõһȻ󣬾΢΢Цţҡҡͷ
ԣԣڸ߽ǿߵԣһ˽̫̫١
ǧӴĻʧ֮Ҷɾ֪ھ͸㶨ڵĵԸְԼԼûܣٰ껵ˡ
ǾȻͬ⣬껵Ŀռλ棡Ҳһŵģ̾ѵǾͲ£Լ껸ס껵ū껸
˵Ŀռλ档ôýġǾΪǿ̫̫ࡣһȥͻˣ
ǿߵĿռλзֻԼԶԶԽⷨпܰȻģ˵Ŀռλ档
ͺʱؾΪһ귨ԣҶߣʱ䣬͵뿪򣬾͵һȲǿߣԸⳤʱؾȥ
ǧˣ൱սȴҪ΢һ㡣ǽ껵Ŀռλ棬ֻҪôһ˿̰ǾͲȱģ߳
˵ǱȳΪ껵ūҪԱΣաҶѾ֪ˣΪʲôðաȴʮɻʮֲ⡣
ҶҲûжʲôͣЩ⣬ԼȥѰҴ𰸣ŶԼرǣǰʮ׵飬ԼȥѰ䷢ԭ򡭡

ʱԹֻʮɲǵʱ䣬ѾԽʱԹ׼ţӦսǣǰȷʵյһƬЩȦǿǣѾȫ롣
껣ĸһصرȥ
ҶǲκθյķȦĴص
üǣȫص˵رȥ
ûҶЦս𣬲ǵĶ֡ڵرǾܵסһǧɱֵϮ
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˵ܡʱһΡʵϣľΣҲ¶
Ϊ֪ǰһսһû̵ģ֮ս
֮ĺڹսܡСƣҶɵĹս
Ҳ̾ߣǣ֪ԼⳡսԼͻһʧܵӡҶ֣֮ǿ˵ֻҪһʧܵӴڡôڻսʤ֮һ죬ȡԼ
ǣ֮󣬾ͳײ¡
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ʱؾվаɡֳȥҸûа취ӱܣ
Ϊսɣ껾ãսսӲӣʱ˿̣Լܵ裬ѾԸӵĳ̶ȡǣԼȥѾа˸ˣиԼԼֻҪܵһսԼɣǵиԼܣǵΣ
˵һӡʱ׼ţӭһԤϵĹսǣû뵽ǣһԾ飬Ȼ
ǺãӰɡ
ҶɾȻʲô˵ô伣ͺûгֹϢģ
껲˴
껵ȫͬ
Ȼû˭Ĺ̡ǣ˭ֻ֪ڹսУսʤпܣΪū
һЩӦԹսֶΣһЩûеڶֶ֪Ρԣ껸ڸҶɽһ
ǣϾʧˣϾҶչֳˣʮǿĹսԣҲұ֤ԼЩֶΣһܹԤеá
ʤܡ
껵Ԥڡ
ǣû뵽ǣս¸ոտɢ
ѵܹݣ
뵽ģֿԡԣȻȦȥѾȫΣաҶɵҲþûг֡ǣȴһǰ˲ƣϿƽĲԡСģƬһ˵ķǰС
ÿһķ紵ݶǣ񾭡
ÿһصıƣٰ㾯衭
һȦ˵Ҳֱ߾룬һǧѡߵ·һЩҲֻ߲һ·ѡ
ֱ˲뿪ôô룬֮һɲǵʱ䶼òˣ˲ȥ
ǣΪҶɺȻϢģϢսô·ȴ껽Сĵģʱ䡣
ȵ뿪һȦûзκ״ɵã
ʲô飿
ʲô飬ҶɺȻˣ
ܲܡʲôԮ
ЩɣԼشʧ֮󣬿϶ڣ֥ڣٶཻһЩ룬ҲϧЩΪ棬ʲôӵ鶼óļһһֱݡ
Щǽɡܿܣڿ䡣޷ٸԼȡϵҲ𽥵ɡǽǽʵҲܴͷβһֱǽڣսɺܲѾԼòѡܣѡסǽ֪ϢôܻԮ
ȻˡҶǱߣͲӦʲôΣաԼߣѾǱܡʲôǿߣвĴڣ
£ʲô壬ǰͶ
ŭﲻϾۼ껵塣΢΢
ûǱҶɿŵֶθŵˡ
ܹһԣһǧɱ֣滻Լ߾Ÿ˵۾ʮʱ䡣ֶΣѾֲŵĳ̶ȡ
ҶɵļսֶֿΣǿȴڣҲòǵѡܡ
ǣȴ껲սˡⲢ껻᳹׾졣
ҪٰͶͲˡ֣˲֪ǿ˵ڵܣΪδĶɽ
²壬Ҹһιս㶼Ѿٴ򣿺ܺãܺãҶɣһ֪Сңжô޴һ죬һٻ㣡
ŭЦЦ֮󣬾ͼٵģ棬˲Ƴȥ
껿ڵرֻҪҶɣüսԳսôǧҲһܹɹӶݳȥ
껣ϵ˲ơ
˲֮У껻һЩصĵţԼҶɵм塣ԼҲһܹĿռӶݳȥ
ֻҪӳȥǾߺҰ衣ֻҪܹԴԴϵģȡشԼܳɹĻȥ
ֻҪȥϣֻԼ𣬻а˸ͬ飬Ҳһɱѩޣ
һ߼˲ƣһߺ޺޵šڸ߰˵һΣҶս裬Լʧܡһ죬ԼһԹֻˣ
ҲģҶ뿪ʱؾ󣬾Ͳٻ껲ģԼҲûлᣬҶɱѩޡ
Ҳ˵ĺĵشŵЩܣÿһǿߣŶô˵ֻ˵ʱؾܹǿߴĺʱ䣬ÿһǿߣĶѡ
Ҫ֪ȻҶѾʱؾôʱ䡣ȻѾô顣ǣ뿪ʱؾʱ䣬ֻȥ˶̶ʮѡ
̶̵ʮʱ䣬ѾԽ˲֪ٸڡһʼģɼ硣Ծˣ۷弶ǿߣܱˡܹӵľջĵطôܣһν
к֪ǸܡҲһʱ䣬һνһ˲ţһİ˼һʱ䣬ʱؾͻȥǧʱ䡣ʱһܹоİ취
껲֪ǣԼţƻţδıʱҶɵߣһʮϤӰϹϾģվ
ãܲܳɹ껵˲ƵٶȣѾԼʶӣҶɳʵ
Ϊ˺ƽǱɹ
һ˿̵ЦݣӺϣ˲ļƻ
ǹҶǰԼһ˿һģ̵΢ЦΪĲ̣ǶԵ˵Ĳ̡
ԭԸſ꣬ΪҶɵĻūʱҶɵ̬ȣѾ췭ظı仯ѾҶɵĵжߣתҶʵū͡Ϊ˴ҶøĺôΪҶɵ飬׳Լ
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ֱֿӵ֣ǺӧҪҶȥ̸Уȥǽ̸У
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ˣȻ˵ո²õĻūҶɲԴֻءвƵ֮顣ǡҶҲúΪһƻװ
ȣںոʱҶһڷֱҶɴģǸϸе⾳Ϣսһ˳Ҷɲǿͬˣļƻ
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ǡϸе棬ôɵġһοɱླڵ٣򵥽ҪȥԸ껵ˡսȻԱǧ򱶣Ҳûܣаϣ
֮⣬ҶɵϣͽԼı֮ϡ
ʮʱֻġʵ˳
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ɲǵʱ䣡
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ǣ껺Ȼľϡһˣܹ˳ͨʱԹطҲԸҶһֵĻᡣ
Ҫܰ껵ˣƻصһռ䡣ͻиײеֶΣǵĵ
ԭ껺Ȼ˸ͬ飬ԼĿռλ档
ԭǰ˸ˣûж˼ʲôͬ껵ľϡ
ʱҶɾѾãԼֲãֶΣȫ׷ˡԼʮս棬˲СǣԾ˺һԼҲûа취һоš
ʱҶɾ׼ˡߣϢͬģԼҲӵиԣʱ䣬øٵĳɳ
ǣҲʱҶû뵽鷢ˡԭûʲôָģȻĳɹˣ
Ȼ˵һˣȫɹ棬ҲһЩ硣ǣϾԼȡ˲ѡܻģԼȡˣһ֮Ľ
껵˵Ϊȡƽĳ룡
ǺεȾ˵ջҪ֪ԭȵļƻ˫֣ɱսɵǿߡǣȴʿ֮еìܣȻӮ
ʱҶɾԽľãԼԡ׿¼ӣʵ̫Ӧá飬ҲҶԽľãԼ뾡ģٴһԶ
ҶɰڣڶȦԿɳΣɿڵ֭˴һĸоҶɵ˼Ҳڸķ֮شѰ٣ѡ񡭡
ڣҵڿԿĸķ򡣡
Уķ򣬻ȽϴֲڣȽϻңҲ÷
ԼڵУ֮ĲоʱѼͻơ
ţġ6Ǹ棬ȥܸĿѧᲢۡжԪĴ̼ϸӰ죬ȵȣⷽϢǿԽһ
ϸе桭
Ҷɳţ˼š
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ڣҶɲ˼ŵʱһϢҲͬʱҶɵļƻ
һħͽ˳֮С
ڵĳ棬ѾûκǳڡڣʮʱݻЩ泾⾳ΪС
Ҷɲûȫ̹ע𶦵Ĺ̡ˣҲǺЩ泾Ǳ滯Ϊ˴Ϊ޷Եʣģ
ħͽʱۿȥĴħʲôҶɶܿһ
飬ǳҪˣҶɣҲ뵽ˣй۲֮С
ЩūҲۿһ£ɲ׾ܼ㲻ãԼܴһУõʲôջ
ǣҶɲ˵ǾͲҴչҶɵսԽԽǿᣬǶҶɵ̬ȣҲѾηˣһĳ̶ȡ
һΣһ棬ǣţֱĵشһΣҶɵħ棬ȴûôѸٵģĵشȥȻħƶƣǳǱߡǣƶٶȣȴԷŻٱ֮ࡣ
ѵĵشĴ֮Ľףţ
һ£ϸеǸ棬Ĺ̶ıԵ໥һȽϣ׾뵽ֿԡ
Ҳνϣɳһ̶֮󣬶һǿųⷴӦеϷ򡣺ܾܿ߶֮䣬໥ų⡢γɵһֻͷ򣡡
뵽ҶɾһָϽһµĳ嶯Ҫֵ֪飬ǽַͬעħ֮УȻϳȫµķ
ҶɺܿͶסԼĳ嶯
ҪеΪ뷨ݺԣ
顣ҶɳʶԼڶԴӸ߽׵ǿʱǵоֹǵ˼ά׼˽̫ǳѾϰı󶯵Ҷ˵һܲ顣
ͺڶԸ껵ϡԼж׼ȷô϶Щ׼ֹǻ˺һֵԼǿͻϮ
ˣҶ͸ĵһħͰ롰СķܹɹĽħɹĽصҷôԺٸֵȼǿ߽棬Լܽ׼ȷģƶؼƻ
һħȥҶɻ뷨
Ȼ˵ûκΰ취ԼΪǣȴ֮ϵֻҪԶңҡôҾͲõģ⵽ķɣ
ħԼġ
ħӵеĵҲԼ衣
ħ棬ʩչֶΣȻûκ⡣ħĹУҲЩֻǿϵûκιԡ˺ԵֶΣҲԼ´֮СôҶɾģԶӵһǿޱȵս飡
һ飬ĿꡣÿһĿܷʵ֣Ҷ˵Ҫ顣ˣǺﴫ֪ѾҪЩˣҶҲûŷĶãȥǱߵսȫˣģһε֮ϡ

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ʱ˿̣ͺһø޼ɵģĳһԻиԻԴԴϵģӿֳ
ˣ껣㲻һͷ˵㲻ҪŭǣҸûеģҶཻ֪ôˡ˭֪껱ĶšڵʵͷƢĴ㣡
껵ı壬һͷ㡣ÿһʱؾ֮⣬Ըnʱǿߣ䱾壬ࡣʱһãǾͻᱻؾ򣬸Ĩɱ
ǣǿǣٻ¶Լı塣ҲٻежߣȻֵı
һϰߡ
ΪǶôںԼ֮ӵеò
Ϊӹ׵Լԭ壬Ҫһˡ
Ϊһϰߣһֲ֪ʲôʱռγɵһϰߡ
ֻҪȻ˵˵ıôζţݣ
껵ѾڵɫҪϸֺᷢ֡ڣʵΪɫŨ񣬶ֳģһֽںɫɫ
ʱ˭껵ɫ֪껿϶ࡣ
ʱ˭֪ȻѾԼı壬ҪЩʲô
Ҫƴһս𣿡һͷҰ׵̫ţĵģŪǰһ̳꣬׿ҲƴΣԼ
ѵҪ־ܣֻս껣ûͶ껣
ЦЦ֮Уˣɫͬ飡
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ǣУһ˿档
껴һ˵ܣΧɱ׵塣ڵ֪˶սȴ˳ߵϢ󣬺ԭʮֳԾǣû뵽ǣҶɾȻͲµֿԡ
ҲʮԾģûгѯʡ
ЩĴ𰸣Ҷ˭ߡ
Ȼ껣Ϊֻ֪껣Աסǵ
Ŀ⣬Ȼų档ǣҶɵ˼ȴ뿪һСʱ䡣Ҳֻ֪ǧˣʵû

ǿ߸ֶΣҲ׷
еˣ׷֮
еˣ׷ǿս
ǣ˵ģ׷ǿԤ֮
ȻԤ֮֮ǿߣҲûа취ж׼ȷǷ׷ӵδ֮УҵпܷǸδѾܲˡҪ뱣֤Ǹδضһ顣
ǣҶȴϣ
ʱƣҶͽȥǸħҲʼڡ
ҶɵıħȻ޷Ტۡˣֻ˶̶̼ʱ䣬Ѿջ
껵Ӱڳ˳껵ӰҲҶǰħеֶΡ
ڹǧˣͬ껵ľʱҶɾѾԤϵ껽ΪԼ֮ΪǿС
ʱûл㵱ʱѾˡҶҲţ껾ͻȥ
ԭڷ˵ʱҶĸȥǲҪԳ֡
ǡҶȴãǲҪΪá
ֵԭкöԤǰֶΣ֮һǣȻ뵽ˣһؽķţҶҲվҲȥ
ڣħһ֡ڣ껵Ӱڳг֡Ҷɵϣֳˣһ㵭Цݡ
ܲĿ꣬һɣ
ȻħûбȻ滹ûγɡڶΪķ򡣵ǣҶȴѾ֪ԼԤĿ꣬Ѿɹʵ֡
ȴһͷˮָ껵ӰʵҶ磬ʲô˼
Ҷõ棬ҲѾмʮʱˡ⼸ʮʱﻹûмûǸӰ
ûӵ￴ҲӦûû껵ӰѯţԼ֮䣬Ҳˣһߡ

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ϲĹâ˫֮УԾ˼¡
ҪǣϸеǸ棬ҲܸҶͬͺˣ
ϸеǸ棬֪Ҫ棬ǿ˶ٱƿʱճǱȴʱճǱֲáЩûʲô취ڣΣʶģ¶档
ǣҪ׵飬ԽԽˡҲҶɣһҵԼĻᡣ
Щڹ⣬Ҷɵļ򵥿顣
ڶӱеʮػѣҶɵһؿ顣
ԭǴ㣬ҪҶɳѵġû룬ҶɾȻͨʮѣԼǰڹ⣬Ѿƶϳˣʵࡣ
ǺҶɵǣҲ˳¡
һ棬Ҷӵһ棬ΪṩģϢ
һ棬Ҷչʾ㹻ʵó棬Ҷ֮䣬γһּѣеСһģϵ
Ҷɸϸе֮䣬ûγֹϵˡһֱǸ涼ԼĵķչҶͻȻʱй¶ϢҶڵ棬ֲٱ£ֱڣҶɶ֣ᷢĴڣ
Ҷͬ飬δ˵ؽΪҶɵǿ
ǣϸе棬ҲܸҶͬ顣ôҶڣӵǿս
֮Уκǿߣκģǿս
ֻϧһ
ϧҡҡͷҲ֪Լ뷨ʵܹ֡Ǹ棬һЩƽȽףܲˡڴܸҶͬһϡ
ҡͷ̾ʱ򣬳е껻ӰһЩ仯仯һν˼ˣ
ǡģָųеģ껻Ӱѯʡ
ԭһ껵ĻӰö˶˵վһƬʵĴ֮ϡڣȻ˵ڵأ˹ȥ
ӦġҶɺǺЦϣ˭ܱһ棬ǿ󣿡
һ㶣Ŀ֮Уˣһϲ⣡֥ϵܣһ
һ棬ʷδ
˭ܹñǿ
ҶйԪţնꡢķšǣϰڸʶҲֻͬǿ֮ϣȼ糬Խüǿڡ
ǣҶɳɾ˲֮ΪĴڡԿ϶ǣ϶ܸᲢۣ
Ҫ֪Ҷڵӵдǧ仯κһǿߣֻѡһֵֻκһǿߣܰǧԼеı仯ݱ䣬оһоͨͨ͸͸
ǻԭҶɲŻȥħħķšֶΣȥȥоȥݣֵ仯ôٸʱ䣬ҲܣȺԶ
͵ĵ仯ûаôֿԵģʱпܷ仯δôܣһ
ʵϣȫʢֻܱ֤ԼԤ߰˳ɵʵֿԡ
⻹ڣ˼ĴۻϡҪһġԤԵ׼ȷԣ͸ܡ
νԳ棬ȻˣǣЧãҲٷ֮ٵģ׼ȷ
ҲΪʲôԳ棬Ҷδ׼ǡҶ¶ʱǻļ٣ΪԽǶԤ֮оԽף׼ȷʵģԤϡ
Ҫһ棬ȷһ˵δ׼
Ȼģ뵽ˡģ顣
껻Եأ⻹ʲôϡ档Ҫ棬һԤԡȻתĻᶼûУǸţ棿
ҲҪ̫ˡҶɺǺЦţһǸǵ飬Ҫ֡һе£ͺѼ̫
Ҷɰ뿪ЦЦУҲֻʮźģͷ

ƽЭ飬ڴɡ
˭֪ƽЭ顣׻೤ʱ䡣
վҶɵĽǶȣһ˵ջѾ˵ˡȻ֥ˣȻЩһٱ֤Զԣ뿪档ȥƽʱ⣬һֱȥƺҲûʲô⡣
ҶɴϲϾɱǿߣֻҪûҲȥǱˡ
ǣ˭֪ƽʵֻһּΪ֥ԣΪٳû¶ĶΪǸǽɵ졣ΪЩԭ򣬺ƽʱ⣬עȥң
һ֥Ҷвɵһĸ̾
ΣһҪл㡣
лһɱ㣡
֥ͺܸһûҶģϵ͵ˣ̲ס˸
̲סҶɾְһ̾
ڽʱؾ֮ǰԼ̣֮ǿеϮɱ
˵䲻ĻʱҶɣֻҪ˼ҺһģҪԴ򡣳˱ͷܣͱ
ڡ
ŵū£۷弶ڣкǺţԼūĻūɴ˿ɼҶսжô¡
ŵ˵ҪҶһͳ棬һ޵оζֻҪһ£ò˶೤ʱ䣬ô棬ǧڵǿǣԼ£
ӿµģҶУ棡
Ȼ˵Ǹ棬°
һֻǳε档˰ҶδԼҶһ֮⣬Ҳûˣô
ǣΪ棬Ҷȴӵ޹δ
֥ԵʣڵһУҶɺܿܲӵС٣ЩūӵС棬ҲͬӵС
֪֪Ϊʲôɱ֮ģҶûں֥̬ȣģʵ
֪ƭҿʼҾɱ㣡
֥ӱֱȻúǣòųһƣСµˣ
ҶɲҪȻıÿԺԲơǣڵʮʱܵϸǸı͸Ǹ棬һƷջ
֥ǰãϸе棬ҲǼɹĻرǷֳҶʮʱ䡣
ҶҪɱһ۷弶ڣҲûκ⡣ֻǣ˵ˣʮ걣ʱȡ
ҶȻ˷ᣬ٣֥ϣ˷ᡣ
Ҫɱֻ֥Ҫ죬֥Ȼͻᣬ֥֮ϵܣ
ԭ޵ĵΪʲôǿ֮
Ҷɵ˼·Ծ̫졣Ȼ֥ľ֮Ѿˮ׼ǣǱӣ΢ɲģ΢һ¡
֥кηӦҶɾһ˸⡣
֪֪ΪʲôȻҪҵ뿪Ǹ֯
⣬ֻ֥شһڣȻҶ֮󣬾Ҳûп˵˼ǣ֥ȴһվ
⣬ֻ⣬Ȼ͹ˣ֥Ǳ飡
ǣǣΪҪƭϹ
Ҷֻ΢Цûз֥ԥãԼѾԼ
ܣڵʱͬҶֵʱʵĿģΪƭҶɣҶϹ
ǣ֥Լ֪ȴԼԼģһʵĿġ뿪뿪Щˣ
Ҷɽ˳ıһ£⡣ô֥Ǳ飬ͲΪ⣬ǳһơҲͲڣȻܿⳡսУ
ţСԡͬ졣΢ЦŵҶɣٰԸ̾
˳ԼԼЩ̬ǳһ󣬷ȷ
ڵ˵£ҶԼƶļƻôõĽҲٻغϣܴﵽЧ˳ݳļƻֻ⡣ѾĿɣ
ţĬֻ΢ЦҶɡ֥;ãӻˡ
Ϊʲôôңʲô⣬Ϊʲôôң
էȥ⣬ȷʵûʲô֮
Ϊʲôɱ֮ģ
Ϊʲô޿֮
ΪʲôҪҵ
⣬ȥûжٹڣмǸ⡣ͷ
ǿʲôȸйءָľйءͺҶԼԳ溣вʱ˱Լǣô޼֮
ˣ⣬ָ֮䣬ʲôȻϵ
֥ף֥Ի֥һƬҡ
ʱ˿̣ҶɿԼȣһֱȵ֥ԼҵԼǣҶ֪Լûôʱ˷ѡȻ֥˹սǣҪ֮ѾĴڣԼױǻ֪Ҫ϶ʱ䡣
һУճ㣬ȥ
Ҷɾĵţ˲һյʱ䣬͵ȵˣ֥ɷ׵ʱ
ɫɷףͻȻֵǣڳУȴѾעᷢ顣
Ԥʱ䣬Ҳô׼
ҶҲû뵽治Ԥ⵽ˣ֥ͻȻ仯Ԥʱ䣬ȻҲֺҶ˵ˣԳԤġ
ʵѾ㡣ɫȻɷ׵֥Ҷɳ˵Ѿ֣пʵһνʱؾҿٴʱؾѾԼ
ҶɵⷬͺһѰشݺݵ֥֮ϡ
ôֵ֪֥ļС
Ҷ֮⣬ڳˣҲû˭֪֥ļУװ˶ֺ塣
ȣ֥ʣô֪𣬽ʱؾȴֺܿ
Σ֥ʣô֪ʱ䣬ҾѾңҾѾһң
Ҳ֥ǣô֪ղҸոշ֣ұܣ
ȻҶɲش⡣֥ȻѾҪʧˣǣҲʮԼҲǰʡ
ܿ죬һĺһνסȥڵ֥ոձЩ͹ʱ򣬸ӵ顣
ǣҶȴֻ֪ǣССһλعⷵնѡ
ԭ㲻Ӧ֮ڵļ壬һԤ֮֮ΪšǼṩӵܵһУΪ˷Щӵܣ·Уѡһ
ҶɵƽͺһʮϤҵĹϴڡ
Ҷ˵ģĵȷȷʵЩļ壬ᴴӵܣϼó֮·
ȶԺӵаֶԼǿǣżĺô
ںӵ˵ȥһ֣ҵ߽ǿָĵ簴ռĹ滮ȥ¾ЩżڣҲ϶ڸ߽ǿߵָٶȲŻȸ졣
ڼеЩߴ˵ӵǵҲһǣԤϵջ
ϾȻЩӵܣڼ֮£ȥЩȷĵǣĹУҲٵģһЩĶ
ҶҲȥᣬ֥ԼһкηӦճƺõļƻƽȥ֥ϵܣ
ȻǼӵܣҲÿһˣռƺõĵ·ȥи˵ĻԵʱؾ۷ĻԵͳˡ
˵Ҷɵϣ¶һ˿ص΢Цʱ֥ϣҲһ˿ɬЦݡ
ǻԵجΣ
ûüĵ֮ţ֥ոģ޵ʹࡣ
ոٴα飬ҶƽУһ߽⡣һε߽⣬ҶѾû̫ϵˡ֥ڻʱôԼ飬ҲѾûκΰ취Լ·ӡڣ֮С
ԤԣӵһǱʣһܹ壬ʱؾǱʣҶûй֥⣬٣˵ʱؾһڣԭֻǸǿߣʸ֪ʱؾĴڣ
ǣȴʱؾĴڣ˼ˡңϧΪۣʱؾƿȨԶǼ壡
΢˶٣ҶЦأҲԼǱʡˡ׼ȷ˵㱻ʱؾ׾ˡֻҪһ룬ԼпܣΪʱؾΨһˡһвƸԵôĿЦô΢
Ҷ˵һţһǧ꣬Ŷɹһʱ䡣ʱؾٰ׳յôŵʱԱ֮£ֻҪȷƸٶȣͻԶԶʱؾ֮ĸ
֥Ȼ֪Ҷ˵Ĳš֪Ҷ˵ģԼġʱ˿̣Ҷɾͺһ֪ԼһС۾
ǣ֥ڼ֡
Ҳò֡ںȻѣԼŵʱףԼһģһ˭ˣҪһ̵ġ
ȥԼЩ˵УЩ˻Լһ̵
ڣԼ䵽ҶɵСҶɵ϶һڰԼ̵
ԣ֥ڼ֡Ҷû˵Щ֮ǰȥ
һŻأ
ҲԹǿ󡣿֥Ϊǿ΢΢ıҶһЦ˵ȥ
ԣ㿪ʼ֮ȻΪûָ㣬ÿĿġǡȴǼţ·ϣŬİȥ
ڴڼ䣬ûΪĽ׻ĳЦ㣬ҲǺǣʮǣ壬Ϊľһƽ֮ʱ϶ͱˣָ
Ҷɳ̾һ˵ټһ尡ҲһǧˣҲһˡΪ𣬾Ϊ㣬ûʣˡޣӦȥħű𣬻ӦڣԼϣ
֥Ӳ԰ס
֥Ĵ΢΢
ǣڼ֣
һΣ㣬΢е⡣
ⲻ̫󣬱ϾطҲûʮþȵΪ֥᳹ױˣ棬ҲһơҶҪģǰƷ˵ȥ
ҲΪѾǹȥǸ㡣ǣ㲻ӦΪĸ𣬶еʲôǣ㣬㣬̹Ȼԣ֮Աǡǣڣ㻹ǰ̹Ȼ
սսֻǶԷߣֶΣκ̡
ǣһ׹Ƶ˵ߡôԼͻõĻر
ǣ˱ԼĻūҲջø
Ҷصģʳ⡣֥壬ʼ˭ģ΢΢
ˣʱ䣬ӦýӦʱú롣
ҶĬĬţټ˵ȥ
飬˵Լ˵Ҷ΢ЦţյȥҪĻδһѣǶһ·ѵֱڣ㻹ΪɱңҪһϹ
ȥġɱ⡱ǵΪҶƭԼ
ͬˣͬ⻥ﻥҲȫǣļ⣡
ҶɹȻû˵Ҳˣȥ֥˵žһƬȻ֮䣬֥;ãҪҶܼ˵ȥһж˵ƺԼŸӸˡ
ܿ죬֥׹
ܿ죬֥֪ʵԼļ֣νķǿЦĹִ
㡭Ŀϰң
Ҳ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬֥ģһ䡣
Ұﲻ㡣ҶɹϵҡҡͷܰģֻԼ
ʱ䣬֥׵׵ģ˹֥ϵܣģ
ʵϾ󲿷ˣϸ֥һ
ԼϵܣֱҲδܹ֡
ǷˣҲ֪Ӧôܡ
ҶҲܡ
ȥԼǰ֮գǰ֮Լֲ֮á
ڣϸе֮գǴУΪʲôһСԻ
ֻҶɱ֥ҪҸһʼûǿǿڱΪ
ֻҶɱ֥ҲоԼ֣ǰ֮УʲôΣʱȻȻģն֮䣬пܵϵ
֥ȴԺ㱻ҶԼһЩࡣǣǰԼֱʵ
㣬ʵѾȷţνļ֡
ˡ֥˵ͷһΣٶǣҲҪݡʱؾĿȨѵ㲻Ҫ㣬ұ˻ūһΣеݣͻԼҲʧЧѵ㲻һᱳЭ飿
֥˵ʱڳˡҶ֮⣬ȫʮ־ȡ
ǣ֥ܵĺҲȻ֣ʵε飬Լ֪
һֱڹˣʮֳԾĿҶɣҪҶɻô˵
Щ˵ͬʡ
֥ʲôڡΪʲôͻԼԽ
Ҫ֪ǿߣô֮ǸϢϢءԼҲȻȻģǿģ޷ƽԼ
ˡ˼ѻǣҲҵʲôӡͻԼ
֥ȴ˵ֻҪõΣеݣܽͻԼʲôԭ
Ҷ磬ѵݣ
ݡݣ
Σһ֥꣬ҪȥȡȻ˵ģʱؾģһݣ
ҶЦЦûн͡
˵һ¡
֥ı壬֪ʮ𣬹֥ܣҲǺĸ֪ҶɲųŪס
ǡˡӦ֥ı壬ӽ˰ݵĸ롣֮Իָ֥֮Ҫһݣ
ȰʵʵȻ˾ȵע֮£˵ˣ顣
ԭͱǵı״ݻٵˡʣģֻһСθ룡Ҷ磬ǸһǻϷǾȻƭȥ
ǸпڽƬռʱһֱڿǣôŪ㹻ʤ㣬ܰҶ磬ݡ
û룬ྐྵȻ
ҪǲϷôܸʮڴ򽻵
ҶɵǺ⣬ΪʲôϰϷΪһԽУǴԽһطһȺǿĴڡҪѾʮѡҪȡȥǸĵλǺεȵļѣ
ȡݣǶ顣ʵĿģȴҪٵݣҶһЦ˵ҲЩֶΣɸǽɣΪʲô󲿷ˣѡͬ޺ãͬʱĺƽ
˵ǿ󣬾һܹʹԷɺƽЭ顣ֱڣ﷽֪ԭҶܹ֮ԷʱƽжԷһֱŶԭ档
꣬ڰݵ棬ƭЩǿߡ˭֪ڴԽ棬ʵ
Ȼ˵ҲҪԽȥЩǿǣһԽϡǣ˭ܱ֤ڴԽĹУⷢ
¼Уݱˡһ˵ȣ뵽һ취ȥûҶɵĳ֣ѾԿ֥ȥΣȡһݡӶùȥǸĴУӶƿʱؾ
ǣڴԽϵĹУͻȻʲô飬ֻ·һ
Ҷóһܣǽʵ
ڡҶɰ˰֣ǺЦֻһЩϵĵᡣ
ҶɲŲɵԼӵ飬֮ԼߵˣڣҲֻʮ֪Լӵ档µˣֻģģĲ²ԡ
ȥ飬ú֥δһ֪ʮȷţЩȥĺǣҲ֪֥ͨΣеݣͻԼ
ͻԼܰѣζţκܶκӰ죿
ԼڵǸСţһ֥ɵа̾
ԭϣиܣ֥ϵܣ壩
һΣҶûʲô,!˵ʷ̿ʼ˵Ǹ֥ϵģһܡ
ղ֣ΪںȻ֣ԼѾǹȥԼʱͬʱˣΪʲô𣬻֮
΢ͣһ£Ҷɼǿ˵ļ֣ȫڣģǶ֪ܣ
ʱ䣬֥ȷţԼҶǰģȫûκܣ
Ҷɵһùս֥еӲʱ֥Լ֮աǣͬʱҲˣԼΪʲôȻ޿֮޾֮
˿ȥҶҲΪֻڿ֥
ʵϣڵʱĺ˵ȻǶԴҲʮֳԾǣǺܿͰʣ鵽˶ϡΪǶڸƻ
ٳɳ֥ȷʵͲÿơǣһֲ߻˵ǸʵĶ˵ܿܣУֶ֥Ρ
ԣʱڲܿƣ֥Ȼ˼֮֮ĽǺ󣬵ʱĺˡȻȻģսìͷָ˶
Ҷɽռ󣬵ǧɱ֣Ŵĵش͹ʱ򣬶֮һֱû¶棬Ҳ˫֮Ĺϵ˱йءͼȻɣʲôֶεǣΪ֥ıʡӵĻɶųⶭ
ֻʱǻû뵽ʵĿģȻǶԿ֥
Եʱ˵Ʋ⣬Ҫƻ
꣬ΪԼòĶҲԲ˵õԲʹ˳֣ݸٵô϶Ҫøӳף
ʵϣ֥ר˾֮Ŀ֮ȷܵһѹơոЩѿ׵İݣƣȫͣٵס
Ҳԭԣǲò֥ͣڴϣĳһ˾
˾ĳȻǿҶɡǵĿġʵڴϣѰһֽķ
Ҫ֪Ȼ˺ǿ󡣵ǣҲܣϤκһֵܡϣųǧڸǿߡǿΡҲÿЩ棬ҳһԽǿ߳
ԭʵĿġȻҪǽ˰ݵ⣬ǰ˶Ĵæ
ŻȻ򣬸飬Լһ˵ææµµֻ˶Ǹ쵰
ûĵطҶɺǺЦҪǣһж㶨ˡǵôֲܷࣿ
ǣô֤֥ԣɿ֥ɵѿڶʳؼ⡣
ǡ
ԣһ̸֥ʲô
ҶûлشֻǣϵЦݣӵأӵ׽
ҶɵЦݣ֥֪ԼղЩ⣬˵ڰʡҶɿ϶ԼĿֶΡ
ѵҪøǿ֮Ӱҵĵ⾳ǣҵʲôֶΣƶЩȣȫǰ׳һ
޿κεı
һ̣֥֪ΪޣΪ⣬Ǹʲôζ
Ҳ㣬Ҿ͵ܶơǣƾʲô㣬ѡǸԽУ
֥ԾûҶ֪֥ʵĿġ
㲻Ҫ֪ĿȨΪʲô𣿡ҶɺǺЦⲻʲô˵ܣҲԡ
㣬Ϊ˿ʱؾǸԽϵļƻҪʱؾ㲻ãҪʱؾΪ֮ᣡ
һΣͣһ¡ҶתͷźǺЦǣЩνɣԼЩνǽɣ֮ԶûʲôȤΪҪģʱؾռǧڵģڣ
䣡
䣡
Ҷɵλͺذըըһ˵ȣκԽʵ
Ǻ֪һСҶ˵λʱҲ̲סϸֳˣһ˿ĿЦԼһ˿ļ
ʲôƻּƻܳ˵飿
ǰһƻҪôӴģôʱؾȫ
Ҫ֪ʱؾͬʱӴǿ档ɴ˿ɼһʱؾŵԴ±ȼľؼҪӴö࣡
ļƻѾ˹Ծˡƻ͸ޱȣʵΣ
һ𾪹ҶɾȻǸ֥޽һͻԼֹŹֵѾ˸еγԾˡ
껵ˣ֥õʲô飬͸ܣȤڸһ֮׷Щջ񣬾͸κ˵Ȥ
Լĵ޽֮˶ҶɣȴҶһָʾ
ȻΪ֥ĴڣƽֻǶݵġ٣֮䣬ԻһսҪ
Ȼǹƥǣܹʮ껡ǿڣȻ󣬻ܻңڵļһѰ۹Դ
ҶɿԷ껣ʱؾϢЩˣ֣˳֮ĽܹϵǣȴܣŶ
ڳˣֻѾҶꡣǺ׾뵽ҶҪģǶԸ
ҪԸҪģҵҲʮֺ棬ԼˣֻԼľ棿
ȻҶɵĵһٶѾܸ㹻ľ档
뿪
뿪뿪ռ䡣Ѳɣռ
Ҷɴһ˵ȡѾ׵׵ģҶɵǧɱ֡뿪ռ䣬ЩɣЩǽɣҲһʡ

ѵǲ´ˣûȥԸ
пܣ¶ǲ˵ҲʧΪһֺܺõѡ񣡡
ǣһνѾȥǧʱ䡣ѵͲ£ָ֮䣬ʲôЭ飿
ҲĻūһǧĻūǵ׿ҲûйƶһƻЩūʱؾ
ɵãһĬȻ

Ҷ磬ѵ
칹Ŀռͨ߳ʱﱻǰľ󣬸ôһ
ȻֻصˣǸâ貵λռ䣡
ʱؾԼҶ磬󲿷ʱ䣬λռԼҶ硣뿪ռʱ»ս
ǣԼǼս£ûһ˷֣ﾹȻУûĺۼ֪ȻطôҶ绹ԼǸռȥ
ʮֳԾЩסڴĵشɡǽɵǿһЩɣǲҶģ˶ԸƵļһңȥ
Ǻܿ죬ʹɡΪҶɵϣҲ¶һ˿顣ҶȻ̾
ֵжԹϵǿԣѣ
ѣ
Ҷ羹Ȼ˵Ըѣ
ʮվھҶɲԶģͬҶⷬ̾ĺˣʮҶ˵ѡֵǿߣһִڣ
νۣȺ֡
ҶǺεĴڣģһǿУŪڹ֮Сڣʱؾ˲֪ǿǣһͶһӶ˾ŸʣµģѡίȫһƽЭ顣
ܹ֮ΪԽѡģֻǿᣬĴڣ
ͻȻԼˣ֣ȥЩǣ̫ף
ֻΪܻˣֶΣҲܻᱣԼǣȴûз֣ҲӵǿʵҲӵо˵Ǳ
Ҷʵǿ㱾Ȼһ۷塣ǣʵսȴѾ۷弶ڣΪ֮
ǣʮսͬǿĴڣҶҲ֮ΪɽѡΪҶɵǱǾ޴ãĿ࣬޷ƣ
棬˭ǱܹһӵǿˣᲢۣ
ڵ֪Ҷӵһʱʱͱˣѡ˺ޱĳ
ڵ֪Ҷӵһ֮󣬺ʮֿȵĳҶɡϡ֮֮⣬ЩླĴڡ£Ҳû˭ǱȻˣǿᣬӿֲ
ڣȴ׿˵ԡѡֻ˵ǶǱҲһϾ󲿷ǿߣΪ֮
Ǻ뵽һ㣬ˣȻҲ뵽һ㡣ҶɵĻȻ̡ǣ⻰еĺ壬ȴ˲ģѪǿ֮
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˭ΪĴ𰸣еѪڣԼܹĿһսҲ˾ã¿֮ȥҲѾ
ο˿ϰһ˵ȴȻֻΪǵһ͡ȻԼЩˣҲⳡսУһ΢
ֻҪһ뵽ԼпܣһսУһãҶµЩūǣ;øӵ˷쳣
ҲֻһˣȶߣȽȶǿߣԼ졣ֻΪ𾪹ˣڲٴ𾪡ڶݵ𾪹˼ģ΢Ц
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΢ЦҶ̾һ䡣
뿪ռ䣬Ԥֿ֮ԷӳӦе
ռʮ꣬Ҳһá˳Ҷ͸Щ⾳Ϣ֮⣬ѧԭоҲһ˲Сջ
ռ䣬طڻһδĿ֮ܣ˳
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Ϣ֮ڣҪ顣˵ա̹ȻӦţҶɵ
ʱ䣬ˣ;ˣź֥ѾĬȻԡ
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ȻˣֻѡͬŮˡĸ˵ǿ˹֪ĸˣֻǿᵽʲô̶ȣ
Ҷճ̸У֪ҶɲֹһŮˡǺ顣ǿߵԽӵеŮ˾ԽࡣҶӵʵȴֻĸŵǿߣָѰ١
Ϊūһ˼ֻҪҶ֪һܹ֪ˣҶֽˡΪʼλĸ˵ʵʱҶҲܵǵӰ죬ǿ֮ٴδ͸ʱգһεģżİŮˣƮɹȥ
ȣҶɿ˺
ʱؾҶѾɹ˺üǧʱ䡣ǣǣǸջСԺֻɹˣ̶̼ʱ䡣
ʱ䣬״ڳʲôӱ仯ʵϣӦòԣصıʡ
ȻҶɺһ㣬ǣչ黹ҪۿȻŻӷġ
ħúܺã
ǿ֮۳һϢħʶ֮С
һֱΣػĸħʱ΢΢һվҪѰ˵䡣
һû뿪ʱؾڣȴһЩ⾳Ϣúò򡣵һ֮ʹ͸㣡
ͷ
ԭħľֻظߵöࡣڣֻѾʼ֮ܶˣѾﵽ֮Ѿﵽ˼Ԫɶ졣ǣħľ磬ֻˣɶѡ
ħΪػŻḶĴۡΪˣҶҲģħġ
һҶͲ˵⾳Ϣ뵽ħʶ֮СħֻԼʱ䡢ȥ㡣
նꡢⷨţҶҲޱģ뵽ħʶ֮С
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ҶɻţԼոջãǿ֮ʱΡǸʱҶɵ֮ԶǿˣʱֻñǣоԼţߵҲܣǣκ
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Ȼڱȵע֮£ô϶ϲߵĻ쵰һһĬĬģ뿪ԼĶɽȥ
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𾪺ĪȻڵľ绹ܵͺܵܿ͡ҶʩչֶΡǣ⼸ֻӬѾɵˣѾ˰׳գѾʬ⣬ܹó
ڱ𾪺ĪΪʲôǿĴڣͻȻԼĶʱһΥ˵Լʶ֮Уͻأ
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Ҫ˿ıɽˣȻ˷ܵһСŮȻ¶һϲǽߵģ£˭ľ
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ڸղţѾ˷˲汱ϲӬҲܳƪۣ𳩿̸ȥ
Ѿ࣬һЩ⾳Ϣúò򣡡
˲ʲôŮ鳤ҶɾͽһЩڱ֮⾳Ϣ˱ʶ
ҶѾ֣ģǱֻ֮ΪûоҶЩԣȻʣԸҶᲢۡڣľΪֻ֮ﵽ˰˼ѡ
͵ľ磬ҶҲûа취͹ȥ̫̫µĵ⾳ϾԱڵʶܲ𣬹ǿĵ⾳
ǣֻЩ⾳ϢѾñĿˡ
£ǼλʦүҲﲻ־磡
Ϊڵĺ֮㣬ĸڵ壬ӵǿҶεõǼλߴڵָ㡣ǣҶɴЩ⾳ϢȡǼλʦүָ㣬ֱֵһᣡ
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ʱ֮һεģǿ֮ͳ֮صϡ뵽ˣ֮ȥ
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Ҷİˣûټԡ
ʵϡֻҪûа׷ѰĿ꣬ʱؾƾ֮жôǿҲҵõǵ䡣
֡ºڡҲ޿κε顣ҶµõԼǸͽܣȻĴ󹤾ߣȻǿ֮ϣԴ͸ȥ
ҪʱãҵÿƺԼ
ҶҸһȻʶһƬռչ
ȣˣһѾ߹ģģԱľ޴Ǳ
ΪҶɽʱճǱҲЯ˹Եʣһū£ȻȻģʱճǱΪء
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ʱؾˣҪЩӾˣӺΰļƻ£
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ȻȫȷʱؾˣӦðʱؾİݣصøΡߣɴݣӵʱؾ֮⣬ʲôطȥҶΪˣѡһǿ߶ᣬΪʲôҪһϷѡǿĶָ㷨ǰģЩˣƻ
㲻ǣȻ룬ͱʱؾ˸ˣΪʲôҶ绹˷ѿģ룬ϸϸģһ飿
Ҷɲַϻ̫ˣ˵Ļر˵úܳĻζţЩ棬ʲô˵ܣ
ȻһΣҶɻˡ
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Ҷɵȣǣ˻ңһУһЩǿ⾳Ϣӻجج״̬Уѹʱ̱Щǿ⾳Ϣ˹ȥ
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ܿܣƻΪвֶΡټԱƻʱؾȵвֶΡʹǿǣͬ´СһۣѰҴߵḶ́Ҫǿǵļ½С
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Ҷɵĳ֣ŬĲģȥңעһӱͻƾƿ
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ǱʶãԼҶɵİˣҶɵӣֻҪܸԼģˣԼȱһ޴档
ͬģҲãҶɿ϶ͻƿ뿪֮ءϾΪҶƣķ򣬿ǿߡǣҶɡ
ԼȻȻģԸҶ뿪һƿǲڣ
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ڣ֥ѾҶ֮֡Ҷɿ֥ҵһݡʱ֥ںݣƿʱؾҶݣ˸λ⡣ڶ˵Ǵ
ԣʵϣҶɣҪʣʱ׽ҲͬıţʣʱҶɸ
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Ҷɸ֪֮⣬϶ơпܣЩƣһڣԼе棡
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۾磬ΪҶɺͶûгԽƿ,!
ǣսֶΣǶѾԣʥһĴڣᲢۣ
ǧǰӵмսҶɣѾǿԸһʥɳɵǿߣ԰һ
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ڣҶȥ껵ˡͲöʲôҲüƻʲôֱӳȥһͨҿȻȺа
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仰˵ҶڵĸʥһڶˡֻҪ㹻СģֻҪԼ㱣֮ôҲûпܣսʤģʥһڣ
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ȵǿȵҲѾеú˳ˡԣҲȥıʲô
Ϊ⣬ΪꡣʹͬķϢԣھ硢Ϊǿ֮󡣺˳ģͽͬķܣһ
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Ͷ֮䣬ʩչҪöġ˫ں֮
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ڣʱռλҶɡƲҪԶݣҲܡ
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ȥҶ޵ģʲô֮սģ
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ϸе֣ûκ⡣ǣҶǭ¿Ƣ浽˷
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ѹ֣һҪڡ뿪ʱؾ֮ǰ⡣ǻЩôͺģǸͳͳɱ
ݱٵʱԼҲԶڳƿáڻͷ룬һ¡ΪѰ·ڶǸĻͼԶ󡣷Լͳ鳾ˡ
һսߣЩ벽ʥɼĴڡֻʶȥǸûǱֶθŻˣǷ֡κһֶΣװԼɱһ飡
ǣ᲻뿪ϾܹԹս˵Ҳ顣
ı꣬꣬ΪҪͻƾƿڣڿۿȴڵľսܹһĵᣬ˵Ҿһɳ죡
һ·˭ûоĶǵ飿
˭ûвıԵϣȥıǾ˵ջ
ȻֶΣͷ
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Ǹ˵ӣҲ̾Ͱܡһٶ࿴һԶ࿴һ
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еİ벽ʥɼڣۡ
ֻҪм䣬һѡ뿪â貵Ŀռλ档ôǾͻ֪ģš

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޴һӿ񱩵ϯռλ档йսߣò˵ֶΣŽԼߣ˿ȥ
ֻһȭ󣬾ôƣ
ҶɹϵΪܵҲΪҶһȭԾѡ
֮Ҫôǿļܳɹƽ⣿
ɢʶܹҶǱߵ
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ڣһʣ
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һл̺ǳгתķҲ˳淴֮Ҷʣһܣ㲻ܸʥɼֶᲢۡǣҲѾһУླµĴˡ
ļ֮ǿ󣬵ǣϾֻ֮Уǿ¡ټ֮ľ룬Ѿ˰ء󷨵սǰ޴ҶɿúҲǻЩʱѣ޷ƣơ
һ󷨣Ҷɶòǳ֮ԭţһ¶̼һ¶ʹһЩصֶΡ
ǣҶû뵽ǣܴ̼ģԼ
ҲûϵҶƺƴһȭȻȻЧѪе΢΢һȻ󣬾ͻȻģЦ漶ֶΣ
û뵽û뵽ЦߣЦöҪڼ״̬֮⣬ʩչǿֶ˰ɡֻϧñǶסˣ
ҲΪЦ̫΢Ϣ£ȻּЦܹһͬΪܶĿǿߣѵãǲסֻϧעҪΪҶĵʯ

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ϢҲǸ
ǣ˭ָȷͲǸ
ͬͬաôɰɣѵû
꣬Ⱥơڱ֤壬Լ֤Ѱһߺ󣬵˵棬˶ϡ
һĻĻֵģһһǿߵʶУʶԽǻ䵱飬ǾԽǸе¡ԽǸе£ǾԽǲң
սȻܺáǣûȥùսĵãⷬðգʲôô
ܿ죬ѡ롣ֻǴλг룬ֱӳʱؾ
ڿʼж֮ǰǻаţǲȳһ˼ľȥ˵
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޷뿪Լĵط޷뿪â貵Ŀռλ档λ涼޷뿪͸˵뿪ʱؾ
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ѵѵˡǱˣ
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ǿȨǿƣӲ˼˶ϡ飬Ϊ档
ǣ㱻Ѱ㱻˱޷ֵ⵽˸Ӳʹı飬ǲǲΪ棡
ҲΪʲôɽɵķ롢ͼıҶɡɽ죬ŭ֮»ɱ˷ֵ֮ȴ֡Ҫѷţ¾һաңӵܣҪնݳ
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ּս˵ں͵͵ȣһơǾǸأ⡣
ν֪֪ˣܰսҪǣ͸˵ֶΣ̸նʤ
رǣıԼǿֶαԼգţһͿĻ쵰ԼҪǲó취ǾҪԱ³
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ʱ䣬Ҷɾ͸оˣһȫԼģǿ֮
ԭڿЩЩеĿֶΡǣڶ֮ȻɨʱҲòͣȫԸģӦԶͻĹ
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κһǿߣսʱƼ٣ټ棬һЩУŪһЩ
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ʱ䣬ҶɾͺȻ֣ԼòףһơȻ֮䣬ѾΪС
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Ӧ֮ҶɵϰڸʶǧĲЩʶġЩϸе⾳ϢѾȫҶϡϰڸʶֿΪҶɣżٵģܵ㡣
⻹ȫĽѸٱҶת˳档ʱٿصʱճǱʹҶɵλҶϰڸֻꡣͬסڣΰľ޴Ǳ֮С
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ǣҶ֪ԼԵһԳ֮
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ֶ˭Ӵ֪ԭ˽䷢չʲôΪʱԼʵʵͬʱԼ֮оɹҲͬʱ
ֱڣҶɻûп¶Խϵװûпǿޡڣʼ˼ʱֱһͬǿޱȵģԣ
ȻҶɻûһӦʱѾˡʮָɴģŤͷͳһ򣬼˲ƹȥ
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Ϊʲôע֮󣬶ʵ
ˣ˹̫ǿֻȫԵĻش𣬲κ
˵ͷ֪Եļκ⡣
û뵽ѹ׵ֶΡȻôǿ󡣡ɵø̾һ¡
ʱѡעһսͿԷǣãֻҪסҲ㹻ˡԼսǲûʲô⡣
Ҫǣѡ̹ۿ¼񣬿ղŷ顣ܴһδαǵĹУһЩߡֻϧûʶһ㣬ԵжϡȵսĿȴսһ͵Ĺ
ܿ죬ҶɵĹսķ֡
ܿ죬˸һƨƵã͵
ôܣ
ڻս֮һɹɱѾǿĹͻȻٴαǣ
ⲻѰɲ֮䣬Ȼ
ôܣҪǣӵôǿȫԣǧ໥֮̽УͻȻôԼ㲻Ҳˣ
໥̽սΪʲôܹǧʱ䣿
Ϊ˫֣Լû㹻İգԽ˻ɱ޷ˣ΢ǿһ˺
Ҫǣӵȵ죡
һ룬Ծ˵ٶȣڶʶֻǧڷ֮һɲǵʱ䣬ʶˣʵ࣡
ⲻҵӶɣﶭ
ûв´ҶɵֶΣǷɣ
ǰҶɾ֣һĵ⿪Ӷõ˲òԣĶ
ڴ˻ϣоˣѵ֮
꣬ԵӣҶʱͿʩչֶΣõ˺úóԵͷǣʩչĵӣӵȴԲͬģ֮
ˣҪó֣
ԭ޵ǻ֮ѵ֮ûκ⡣
Ҷɵǡø˲ͬͨ˵ħħ
ȻȻģ÷ѵ֮÷ðѲͬзѵ֮С
ǧħԽԽǿ󡣲ѵ֮Ҳ֮ԽԽǿ
ȵҶɷ֣ҪֶΣǵӷʱ÷רŹ˲ֶַΡûö೤ʱ䣬ԭѾľĲѵ֮ͳ׷չˣǿֶΣ
սķ֡
Ȼ˲֪ٱ
˹ǣףʵ̫̫
ѿռ䣬ѸӶݡֻǣټһսҲûа취߷
ܵ죬Ȼܴԡ
Ҷɳβ涭۶˲ƵʲôطȥҶɶ׷ٵõⲻԴ˫ӦԴڣҶǿģ׷֮
ֱʱҶɷ޼ɵģʩչ׷֮Դһŵûʵʻģʩչ׷֮
Խʵʻĵܣ̺Խǿ󡣴ʱ˿̣ҶɾöκνѿǵĻᡣ
£ֻ׷һСʱ䣬԰Ѹոĵֲ
Ҫ֪ȻղŵʤޱȻԻ͡ȻʧսöͷѪǣⲢյʤҲԶǣҶҪս
׷׷׷
ɱɱɱ
κλĻᣬҶҪһεʤƣΰСҪһģѶԨٲ֮أ
þδļսҲûб
Ҳ˶󷨼̨ҲȻҶɵֻ󷨼̨޾ĵ۳һĵһһγһӴǧ
Щ󡣴˷ΧɱҲ֪ҶɵʲôֶΣŪ֮ģ
ΪʲôǰֶزʾˡڣȴԼƵáټһ󷨼̨ôƯڿ֮Уȫ޵
ʹˮȻǹս
ʮҶɵļıҶɵ뷨ǣʱ˿̣ûа취еַŭе־ɥ
ǿҲ˼롣Ĵڡȫûȫߵ˵
ǰסҶɵָšңܷȥҶɡΪ棬ȫ棬硣
ڣһˮһֻﻹʲôȥšȥƵˣ
ӣӡ
˾ɥǾɥ
νɽǶڵʵдա
ǿֶΣûչ¶ǣںȻĴںȻʧȥô֮ûЩǿֶΣһһʩչ
öӾɥǣҶɸոʱûн뼫״̬Ȼ̣˲ǧ֮һɲǣǣ
ˣ֪ҶѹûʩչǿֶΡ
ңҲͬʱ֪ҶɾǹԼҶɾǹҪԼţҶɾǹҪԼսһ겻Ҳ޷
ǣ֪ЩҲ޿κΡľôǿԸôǿû֣ô
ӡ
ֻţϿӵԼͲµķ֮ȥôϢĻᡣ
ߣֻм̱ݣҾûκ·һعһÿ
˲еĶзĴɥûоţԼȻһΣԼȻܵúܲҡǣԼûлᣬԼǲ
ͺҶһ̵ֱıݣ֮СҲһԼһ֮֮С
ңҶɲһ
ڹȥǧĻ֮̽УÿһΣҶɶ˼սȻѸߵʱ˻ص̱֮СˣͨҶһδεĳ·ߣʹжϳ̱ݵķλԼС
ڴ˻ϣҲӦڳɹҿˣҶɵıա
ǣԼȴȻ
໥̽ҲʧܣҲ᳷ˡǣǸˡʮСĵģܡȻԼ䣬ǣʮֽģԼˣһ·
Сʻ괬˳ϲۣ
ٷɶŵĶ氵Ը̾ڣôԼξͳ׵׵İˡôǿֶλûʩչܣҲܵòĸʣ
˲ƣ
˲ƣ
˲ƣ
ٹɲǣܳɹִ
ɥõһ滺
ֱ׷Ҷɣ־޴ѹƺҲ˲١
ΧǧѾ֪˶ٸȻӿֳǧ󣬿ȥģӴ󡣵ǣȴãҲѾûɶ

ܣȥһѵ
һͿ̻ڷϵ󷨣˹
һ·֮УЩѾӳȥ˲֪١ȻûãǣҲûпܣ΢һô
Ȼֻ֪ɲǵʱ䣬ԼܻʱĴϢᡣǣʱһɣһģԼЩղء


һ
ˣ
ҲȻ֮䣬ˣأ߸
һ˶ıݣȻڶǰ֡,!ĴͺѾͣ˺ܶܶꡭ
ôܣôܣϵѾˣҶɣѾԽ׷Խ
ʲôܵģҶɳӲԶ촫ԴҿʼݣѾҵơѵֱڣ㻹û׹
ܴܿܣҶ֮⣬Ҳû˭
ˣˣ˹
ԭΪĿģԽݡΪˣҳ׵׵ģ޵Ԩ
ȷһݣʲôô
Ȼ˵ǳǧģ໥֮̽УݣȷһáǣӸ˵ݣȫһ裡
Ҷɲ֪ܲվսʱҪԼսֲɹһݣҲֵܵĿ񱩹
Ȼڱ棬һЩֶΡһȥסʥɼǿߵıݣҲȫһ衣
ȥҲ²⡣
ǡݣȻطʱףԼȫͲ´ˡ
ݣһ衣ΨһãöҲŪһİ
ǳǧ໥̽УҶһһεģݡȫ޶ԡ
ַܶӦ
磬ݣԤֶΡ
磬ҶҲһķ
ߣˡ
һιݵģƻеֶΡ
һĿĵأҲݵģһ̵ġ֮ء
ΪüƵģ֮صڡܺõǧ໥֮̽Уûг򣬷ɶݹһΡ
Ǵ󡣡һЦģ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ߵĹڼԼķҲü
ЩΪ𶭿ֻΪĶڲϵ˲֮УҲʱ޿̵ġٲԼ
ˣʼձѹڣֻȫʢ֮һĳ̶ȡ
ʧһ飬һ룬Ϊʧͽսķ֮һΪ˵ֵǾ޴֮
ʱҶѾӵѹơһҶȫѹƶʱгʩչֶ̫̫ΡһΡȴȫͬ
أһأԼܵˣһ
Ҳѧ㣬ҾͲᣬԼŪһءû뵽һصλ棬Ѿʼƣ
ЦţҼ֡
ǣҶȴһûзɾ衣
ҪŪһսʤδ֪
Ҷһ߳˵ţһ߰лǿֶΡ
ҶɸһǿֶΣǿΪܣʩչ
ҶָһΪǿĿռλ֮Ҳǿԣ˼սӵǿǣǿֶΣ˲
ΪҶɲû̷Ĺڶȫ·磬ǣһĹȻʧܡȴŵҶɵģһ֣֮
Խؼʱ򣬾ԽҪСġҶʱ䲻Ҷɾս࣬ǣȴøζ
ҶɻܸԼ٩٩̸ģֳ˳
ɥݾأǣûľ
ǿߣô׾ô׷
ҪҶ̾ͷд̵Ļᡣǣ֣ҶɾȻѡΧȻѡ˲ƣȻѡ˳ϵģһһֶΣģͳױ
ҶɵЩֶΣŵġ㶭ȫʢڣҲδܹǰ֡
ǣһЩֶΣȴö֮Ͱھ붭̫Զĵط
磬ڶֱߣͳһ̫ģ󷨡һ㣬ֵģͺһ
оú֮У̲ǿԼû飬ǣԼȴҪȥٰٷ֮һ
ٷ֮һҪǷѰʱ̣֮һɲǶòˣָܻڣȫûлָÿʧٷ֮һζţ;볹䣬߽һ
ϵֶΣڶΧѾ˲ʮټϰֶΣ֪ƾԼ֮һûκΰ취һһֵ
㻹ʲô
ҶŪˣʮϵǿֶʱ̲סһ䡣
ڵͶ
ҶɵĻö˲סһһ
ͶЦҶɣµ㻹ʵģҪҷɵ㾯𣿾״⣬ǣҲɰɱ
ΪҶȫƭԼɡϾԼҲκηҶҲҪķѸʱ䣬аհԼĳɱ
ҶЦЦҲٶ˵ʲô
һҲ͹ˣ͸͹ֲ˭
ʱ˿̣ûʶԼѾɥʧˣᡣ߼ȥҶɵΪ
Ϊ߼
ԼͶҶҲû취סԼ߼
Ҫ֪ȻҶɻյʤңӮʤѵʱ䲢ࡣǣϣսǴͬһϡ
ûаݵıĿ̨ٿսܹһ֪ͨôڵ϶˫ƶѡ
ͺǿ߼ͻ˾ɾôʶ֮ͻȻʧЧһͻƼԪײ֮ǿߣҲܹͬƽԼ
ˣϸҶɵ޽ͻԼҶɵȷǿ󣬸ջҲȷԵֵ֮⣬ǽʥɣܰѻԼҲҪԭ֮һ
ˣڶô׳յĴڣҲͼԼͶܰԼΪū
ϾȻδʥɣǣսѿʥһ죡
ѧԭ͵ļǾ͸ǻ֮ˡҪþƷɿԴ顣Ҫ˭ѧԭо档ܱȶ
ˣ߼ȥҶɾˣҪʡֻǣˣѾγƵĿǣˣҶɵ磬Ͳ߼
վҶɵĽǶȽԼЩΪͦ߼
ǣվ˵ĽǶȥȴܻĪ˼
ΪҶյ֪ʶҶӵеֶΣԽˡµĴڡǳԽˣԶԶ߹Ĵڣ
Ǹ޴ļһڿͷģȻװ˷ֻᡣﲻɵðһ䡣
֪ҶɵЩֶΣҶ˵ڵͶ仰ʱﱾΪҶҪһǿޱȵū͡
ǣģЦʱҲ޴һ֣ԾԾԵĸо
Ҷ磬ҲʲôˡҪ͸֣
ƳһЦĶģ
ʱ䣬־ãԼķζҪը
ǣȻң
ˣҿ顣ǣ֮ǰȻҪ˵ֵİӣŪ֪ʱ䡣ɶǿ벻̣
аŭţҲ׼ţֶΡ
Щǿֶζ޷ʹáǣһЩһֶΣǿʩչҲΪʲôãԼ϶ܹټּʱԭ
⼸ǧʱֻǴﵽˣ֮ѡһֱûչʾʲô˲õֶΡˣãԼںܱԼڻٷ̣ǣã֪ĳǣúóԵͷ硣
һʾͣȻŻһ׼ֶΣһ߰ţ˵ҶɻΪǣšһҺܿܣһ
Խ㣬ԽǾãԼ˾ѻᡣ
Ҳ˿⣬ϻǴЦͷŭӵɫǣʶѾʼⱲΪ㡣ʶ̨ǿԣҲͬʱˣ㡣
һ̨ԣսǿֲķɣʲôûȥȣ̨ûκιԣ˻
ʱļƻǣӵѲúõķУһ߻ָһ̨ԣƶսƻ
ڣֻ㣬βʹϵβԼץסһ

󣬴һĳ嶯ԡֳ嶯ҶɿģͻƸо
ֻǵԤ֮ǿߡôͻƸоܳ֡Ͼһողųɾ˽첻õǿߣǲôģҵµͻƸоġ
ǣͲǣһŵǿߡҲЩǿһֵͬ
淨
ģͬģԤ֮ģͬ
Ҫǣ֪Ϣôܹ⣬ΪʲôͻȻ󶭿䣡ڶ
淨ԴֶΣͬһޡôҲͲģĴжϡ
ûĴжϣĵȷȷֺܼüʱ䡣
ֻϧûкҩԳԡʱ֮ǿߣҲȥģѾ˵ʷʵ
ڶѾ׼ʱˡΪһγ֣Ҳ׼ˣʱ䡣
һ֣ͺˣˡ
֪ԼûдʧݣԼûаݵıĿ񣬾ԼûдӦԷɵʱԼս֣Ҳһʧܣ
һǾȻӵУһķ
µķ⾳ԶԶȲϣȺ档ǣϾҲһµ棬Ͼţһµģ漶ֶΣ
淨漶ֶΣһ໥ӣֻǿܣ
Ҫǣ໥ӣںϣֻεȿֲǿܣ
󣬶Ҳûлᣬ
䡣ûκģ䣡
ֻһǣ׼ֶΣʩչʱԶΪģǧﷶΧڣʱȫı䡣濴ȥʱգûκ쳣ǡһʱ֮еģΨһһڣȴȻ֣Լˣͬģ֮
ΨһĴڣȻǶȻ֪ۣͲʵڡ
ǡ֪Ҳ޿κΡΪͬʱҲȻֲ֣ʵĳȻҲһˣ໥ͻģ
֮ս֮Ĳûлۿǣ֮䡣Ϊ໥γɵǵǿϣȴܹ
һΣֶʩչͺȻ֣໥ͻ档ڸո໥Ӵʱһʱ䣬һǿϣ֮䡣ݻ˳
Ҳǹ˰ڷ֮һɲǵʱ䣬һؾԲʵϣʵһ㣬潻㴦Ķ
ԣʵϣֻ֮üӦӵԵķȻ˼ٿܣ
վΧǿǣ˳е֮⣬ֻҶɣӵһеľЧҲѾ֪׼˶ֶεĶȻһУģ˲ⶳҲɵ΢΢
Ҫܴ׼ʱ䣬¾ңҲսʤ㣡ҶΪпģһ䡣
Ҷɲﴫⷬ鲼һƬģǧū£Ҳ
ҶɵЩū£󲿷֣ûмʶ죬֪ˣĸˣҲһ
ǣҪ׼ʱ䣬ܲסҡҡͷ̾˿Ҿãҽ˲֮Ҳûܣ׼ʱ䣡
ҶɴΪԾģü
ܴ󣬵ǣûд󵽣ܹɱʥɼڡҪǣԼοס˶һУв
ǣһĵط׼ʱ̫˵㣬Ҳǿ󣬵ǣԸᡣ
˿УҲһ£ҶɶȻ˵һУпΪұ㣬ʱ䣬ɱǣֻ׼ֻһУͿҪԸ޶ǿߣһе⾳ܣǡô࣡
һУԹսȻܲʵʡǣֻԸֵǿߣȴǳЧ
΢Цŵ˵ͷȥûпҶ̾һ£Լľͬʱ۽ǵ⣬ЩζģһʱƳƳȻ󣬾ֺܿ죬˻

һʱ֮ǰö˶˵ġΪҶɵĲϹ½֮⣬ûκ쳣
һʱ֮󣬶Ѿٻλ棬ҲѾΪǿѹ飡
ǿֻ֮䣬γɵһʱ֮õ棬Ϳʼˣҵ໥ײ
ײΪս
ײΪɡ
ײΪںϡ
ʱ˿̣潻㴦Ķ֮սôһ
ʱ˿̣ԭЩд漶ֶΣҲѾˡһεĵ뷨
ھ˴֮󣬶ܻӳȥôлᣬԼøǿǣʲôر鷢䣬ɱ⣡
ʲôر鷢
пУǣҶǾĿ֮£ĿܣҲѾʧ
䣬޷⣡죡
׵׵䡣пܵᣬᣬҶСģһһڣԷ
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ҶɵĿ⣬һεģһʱգͶ˹ȥһΣֻǣ۽ǵһ˿⡣
죬ȻˣΪʲôͷβҶɺģһ
죿
üͷ΢΢һ壬ǲģ˳˵Ŀ⣬Ǳ߿ȥ
ôܵλţѵ֮䣬ʲôϸ𲻳ɣ
Ȼһ¶棬ճҶһ֣ûü˵Щʲô˾Ҷһȡ
죬Ŀţĺٲ֪θ룿
Ե
׺ݣ
һԲϣһﲻҾҪ㣬һ³
ǷѾǱߣ׼˺ܳʱĴǡǣҶͱ˵ʣȻ֪Ӧλشźá
ڷīЩŭˡֻ̤ŭ˵ҶɣҪΪɱ˶޵̫ˣ
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Ҷɵһǧū£ʮֺЦ
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ˣǿ˵ʵɨ֮أѾûκ⡣޵Сĸ֣ε
ҶҲ΢΢ЦţûаīĻϡ
īŭˣãҶɵɫͶԲԼ⼸
Ҷɣʵ̫ҪúơʲôŽ
ŭī彥͸һɹǿķ籩黯ӿ
ӽһɹǿķ籩һ޴硣
ǣվøԶĵطȥǾͻᷢߣһ޴磬һӾ޴ıУҶߣն
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Ҫ빥ҶɣͱȹӴս
Ҷɵһū£Ҳɵŭˡ
֮ǰī˵סҪҶɵɫ˵Ӵսеޡ˵ǧǿߡȫǷϲģ
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ڣһĨɫڷϣֳ

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ҶߣҲûκһˣս
ֵģǷ졣Ҷһ˵ԼīԼҪٲ֣īҪ䵽Ҷɵˡ
Ҳסڳֽīһͳͳֺ󣬷Ȼʵѵδ֪֮ܣΪʲôκһļƻȫǰ֪
ȷԴҶɽʱؾչʾǰǿ
ǼٷǵģѾ쳣ǿս
Ҳǣǿ֮ܡ
ӲǣŹ֣˼߻
ġرǸ졢ּǿߡ̵ӡǽ֪ģֲ
ԲǣԤ֮֮ȥҲܸѧԭʲô
ϾҶǰ־˵ļƻʱ֪ռĴڡ
ϾҶƲЩסڴĵشǿǣҪЩʲôʱҲֻǣոյִռ䲻á
ȷʵ֪ҶɵǶʲôһ㡣Ϊˣ첻ϧһЩ޴Ĵۡ
ֻҪ͸¶Ϣôģ
һĵаҲޱģһһ֪
δ䣬һ䡣ֻһĹЮ֮£һѩ͵ǼսǰȻ֡
ټϣҾڶսģ쫷ս
ͣһ£ͼǿһһΣֻҪ͸¶һ㣬Ԥ֮ܵϢ
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ĵȷȷǾ޶룡
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һ˴Ħ͸ĵֵѾǲˡǷ쾹Ȼˣһҿսģ쫷ս
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۹ҪӿһЩҪһЩȥһӶǿߣҶɳ˵֮еǿǣʱٳҲܻãԽƷĵرǸӹռƷ֮ʲô
Ʒ֮ϣоƷƷƷƷʥƷ
УߵȽ׵ıʥƷ챦Ϳʥɼڣ
ȻûмʥƷ챦ǣƲǿʥƷ챦Ըǿʥ۷ڣһϸ£
Щλϣ˲֪ٸĳ塣ôûռ˵ǿ챦һ챦ΪǼ壬ٸԶҶҪǿĴڣ
ŵ˵֮еĲƸͳͳһ𡪡˿ۺʱؾҲֲϣһʥƷ챦
ھƷƷƷƷЩ챦ЩҲ֪һղءЩ챦ĸ£Щֻӿֳǿڣ
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Ҷ˵û֪ģ˵һʱһͬǿĴڣڸǰһӣϵ֣ɱ䣡
֣̫ʧˣ
һһãֱǸؤǿʶȻ!
ԭѾŪÿҪ֣ͺ˷ܼһ㣬һӣ
ǰǰǰֻҪܹ뿪֣ԸΪūΪͣԶźǰ
ССϣҲΪҵūͣǸмߵҪΪūͣҲҪﵽԪһľΪôЩȻɾûдﵽһϲģ
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ڣ֣ףԼԼԼĸףԼ壬Ϊʲôǰǰȫ޷ֵԭλǰȻǿ˹
֣֮࣬Ĵ飬Ҳ̵õȫչ֡
ǰҪ֣ʲôܷԸ֣ƴԼҲһΪǰ쵽
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ˣϿ֣Ҳ֪ϿɣΪֵ֣Լָ㣬ֵԼ̡ΪΪ֣ﵽԼĿġ
֣ҲܲôˣԼҲѾǵãʱпܹҵԼ꣬ԼֻҪܹȥҲѾϧ
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һӣ֣ͷ­ֻԭɫ˫ʱȻѪɫ⼸ӵʼδȫá˼
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˳֣ӵܣָֻ
˵֡ɱһŪˡֿеĻɫŪˡҪģ
ǾǡϷ㼫Ū˼г衣رĻɫֻȥ龳쾳ȥŪּҽϣɣ뿪Ϸ㼫ҪǷְһŪˣ£ֻһ˿
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ĵӣ˼ǿߣܹ飿£ɼǿߣ𼶴ڣҲһܹ
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ҶҲӲԤϵԼ뵽ʱؾңؾ֮Уȡ˾˵ĳԼȥЩƻΣԼҲǣ֣Ķ֣
ʵϣڣҶѾȺնɱ˶˷죬ڵսҲսʤģ硢Ծٶģ֣Ķ֣
ȻҶӵǿļѾ𲽽ӽĳ棬δݡǣкܶ飬벻ġˣҲͲᣬȥ㡣
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Ϻţѡʮˣȥʱؾ塢塢ȵڵ½һ£һнqĽǿߣҲҵĻūչҵúһǱ֮£
ҶϵõһȥԼˡľϲ

ʱؾյĻū˱ȥ֥֮⡪ˣҶɷֳ顣
һ飬ɺӣϴϵ
ڶ飬ɷӡȥͬ顣ңסڴĵشģԭʱҶɴɺƽЭǿǣһһΪ챾ͺǿǼͬ飬ҲʵǱѰԣȥֲࣻ
飬ӣʱؾ塢塢ȵڵ½ΪЩ½ϣǿǿߣҲֻﵽѡˣһ·ǿҲûˣ
飬ӵнںһǿΪһҪ飬ǳ̽ʱؾ
𿴣Щձ鶼ﵽˣ۷弶ǿǡѾʱؾ˲֪ʱ䡣ǣ󲿷ʱǶڴռûжȤ̽ط
ǡҶ˵ҪԴԴսĲ۽硣ͳԽ֮أԽĸ󾳵ء
ڵˡȫڽڹ칥µǿߡǵ񣬾ԭâ貣һƬڰĿռλһӺΰıݳ
Ҷɵļƻ㳬Խƿ뿪֮ءԼҲʱؾʱؾΪԼݺλģҪ̡
ԣҪʱؾӵһʵĳǱǸ𣬳ˣԭǸλ棬ʱؾΨһһλĵطͳΪˣûص֮ء
Ҷɵļƻǽռλ棬ͳͳռκǣ
ΰݵĺģʱճǱ
ڳƿʱؾ֮ǰʱճǱҶ޷ȥˣʱճǱѾطĳ棬Ҳ뿪ʱؾ
ǣҶɿΪʱؾݻٵ
Ȼǧ꣬һĳؾκһǿ˵һľرˣҶɲݻʱؾδʱؾøǿ
λȽϺðԱѰøָĵҶֻǣÿÿѰµľƷʱ͸ɡôҲͻԸ⣬ģ
г򡪡ҲҶٻѾ׳ˣ档
һټϣҶþֶΣ潵ǿūʹڡʱؾʲôطڶĴڣҲѾҶʱؾ
ܿ죬´ϡ׷ж
ҶǸԼݱֻˣԽʱЩū£Լ档
Щ˲඼ԼĻūԼںηֻҪϣ֮صǿϣЩūͿûԼκҪԼ¶ҪĻȻ˷Լľļ㡢
һЩȽҪֲرֵ˷졢۳Ľɳ㡣Ȼٸշ
ֻھһ̺޷ʱǲűûͨҶɡҶɿƶȥԷ졢˵ֱԼػʱؾԼҲյκα档
֪뿪
ʱؾģһʱ˾ޣһжƽ˾š!
ڣʱҪˣҶһνǣԼĿռλ֮СȻ̤ѲúõĿռͨһ˲䣬ˣ֮ء
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֮ǰԼո̤ʱֻһ粻ߣΪǿսҲһǿߡӵһǿ֮⣬ûõóֵģԿԸ߽ǿ࿹ֶΡ
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ڣ֮󡭡
ҵľ磬ѾһɣֻҪ˸λ⣬ҵıһɳ죡ҵļսѾӦ˸ʱģǿսָڣѾ̵ˣһʱ䣡
ҵİҲͬﵽһ졣ܿ죬ܳһ۷֮
ҵĿռλ֮ѾʮС
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褡ɽɵﵽ˽߽ף۷ֻ֮һ֮ң
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ȡֻΪΪҵĿռλ֮˵㡣ԡơǣľ磬ҲѾﵽ죡
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о죡ҼֲΪҵĿռλ֮ڿһʮȷľԭƣãֻ˵С͵ھȻɾ죡ȻֻɡǣΪԳ棬ϸ棬Դռ䡣طоãںϵáԣҪ֥Ķ֣
ʱ䣬Ҷɵʵһ츲صı仯
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ԽǸ߽׵ǿߣƿʱҪķѵʱҲԽࡣ˵һͣˣͣһ꣬꣬һӣҲϡ档
ڽʱؾ֮ҶɵȫûʲôԵƿȻҲų󡣵ǣƿпܸϰ˵Щ󣬾縡һ㣬㲻ʲôˡ
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˭ʱһ棬ӲӲһɾɶǿߣδܹùսˮ׼ȻģླʥһڣҲԸ˼Ұ
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˵Ҳ֮ءǣôܽʱؾ
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ϤϢϤζҶɵ֮ոմ͸ʱؾʱǿһ򣬱ֱ׷ȥ

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Ҹո뿪ʱؾҶɾѹסԼ飬֮ûһЩ
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Ҳ˵ūȫڻСҶûԽջɱҲɵģѰ·
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৵һӣվʱ˿̣֪˵֮ѾִңѾ֮䣬˵򵥵Ľ
ˣղмĸѾǼңѾ˺ŵˣȥǵĳѨ
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ڹȥôܶΡԼٴμҶʱҶɻɳʲô̶ȡǣû뵽һԼͲܿǰˣȻǣҶɵū£
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ʵϣҶȴû뵽ԼǲܽȥǣȴԳһ·ͣò˶೤ʱ䣬ͿԵִΨһĽŻ
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ڣ֮⣬˴ڡ
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С飬ҶɿЦʱ£
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վڣҶɲԶĵطҲЩŵģʱؾĳڡȻҶ˵ܶΣڱ𣬹顣ЩУҲ֪ıԣƢ
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ҶڵҪֶΣǡںϡǡӡһū£Ҳһһںϣ˵ӡ
ҶɶԵ֮ҲЩо֪ǶļֻһֲֶͬΡҲ֮
ΪҷɴţܹʮǧֲֶͬΡеռ֮еĿѧԭҶһϸϸĦаһ߳˽͵ÿһֶεóֵһᡣ󲿷ֶΣһǿ߿ġֶΣԽһҲֻǴﵽˡļǿߵˮ׼ѡ
ȷҶ֣ϰԽսǿ˵ô㳬׸򣬳ֶΣͲֵһᡣ
ǣͺǲˣҶ磬˼ǣһЩ˼ֶεһ𡣾ܴ͸֮صϣ
ֱѾã˼ĸˡʵǲ֪Ӧô漣źã
Ҫ֪֮صϣ谭۷弶ǿǡͻƾƿĹؼ֮ڡ
ΪͻƾƿƴҶʲô飿
һЩˣʱؾˣͼԼƿơǣŬ˲֪ꡣ˲֪طǣȴֻܽ׵벽ʥɶѣҲ޷ǰ
һЩˣ辶Ǹɴѡ񣬴ͨϡܵһ棬ǿ
ˣŲʲôҪһԡ죬ԼЩصͬǣһˡ
ԭȵʱؾˣԭǸҪԼĿռλ棬һ顣ҪǿĽ֮ƾͻƾϣ
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˵ףѰҶ΢΢ЦţҡҡͷѾʱ䣬ǣණûпסҪûнģдֵֶΡ㲻ãϼʱ䣬Ҷŵ
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ˣҶߵҲԳ棬µˡǡҶȴʮ֪Ȼ˵һа취顣
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ҶǺεģȲģͲûץӣɵЦЦ֮ʶҶɹҪԼģԲֹģ
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꣬ǿֻ֮ҵ˱ҶɻΪţĸһ𣬶ȥĳرĵط
֪ȼ֮Ҷɷ֪ԭǰһ÷ɴԽܵʱΪɴϣţĸʧȥϵ֪䵽ʲôطȥ
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Ҷ˵仰ʱڳˣɵôһ,!
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⵱ȻǺ飬ϾµϢۼԽ٣Խڣѵ˵׷١
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һǽһ죡
ʱЩԹǣ;ЩˡǶҶ˵ݡʵӺ档
ҶɣҲͬ档
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Ҷɵ˵ⲻԶǿˡǵǿߣһһͳͳӲʶա
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ǣҶȴʮԷس顣
Էӣç侲һ˵ҶЦţһתͰسɵ䣬˸ͨͨ͸͸

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ˣҪͻƿֻҵϣϡֻЩ˹۵ˣû˭Ĺϡ
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ˣҶɴ󵨲²⣬ʱؾصռܣܿҲƫԣƫ棬һɴ֮ɵĽ󷨣
Ҳԭ򣬳֮⣬Ҷɰŵ֣¡ãɽɵԼҾȡ
УЩ棬͵ȣǽ
ȱԣ֮һ⣬ƾԵǿʱؾ
ȥһжƺ׵
ȣǸʱؾеֶΣͻ֥ϡ֥սѾԼҪﵽʥˮ׼ٽһܾܿͿԸȼ硣Ҫ֥ں̸֥ף
Σ֥ʧ֣Ҷ̾ͻ֡ʥһͽ׵սѰ
ҶҲûܵסоֻеҲʧˣֻеˣ޷ʮʱҪȱ仯ɱ壬Ϊۣѹʱؾ
׼ֶΣ˵Ըһǰ۷弶ǿߣʱؾеֶΣӦô´ࡣǣҶɵģȴʼոţһɲ
ܿ죬Ҷɵֽţͱˡ֮䣬ƽȻԼӡֻҪԶһ»ԼᵽҶڵĽš
ԭڸ̸üɵ΢΢塪
Ҷ磬ѵûʲôطף
￴߹ȥλҲϵԼеǿߣȻӵǿսӲϵԼеǿ߱󣬾ȻһǿĻڣ
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ҶɻûüشȻӦʲô֥ܣ
״էʱؾռܣ£
ҶɷӦѾܿ죬״δʱȱѾͬʱ
ǣһ
ֻһİŻȻ֥ߡ?֥ûüʲôӦ꾹ȻͱİŻһʹ֥ܳѸû뵽ˣŻ֮У
ǵİŻȻֵʱҶҲʶᷢʲô顣ʩչз̾ͣһ¡Ȼ΢΢ҡҡͷһΰ
ҶɲҲҶȾ´Ǽв㣡
ȴǰЩûӦɣΪʲô֣֥꣬ǵ֮˽ȥ
ֻ˾ǿߣʶһЩģ֪һİŻΪ֮š
ֻдﵽɾǿߣ֪ľ֮ţкá
ľ֮ţǹ֣һǿֶΣ
ֻ˾Ĺǿߣ֮ţܹѵˣĳģʺԼսĵط
ǣﵽɾĹǿߣȴһ֮ţԼĿռλ棡
ռλʱǿ߾֮ܽڶԼĿռλǿ߽ƶԼΪзˣͬǿߣóȻ˵Ŀռλ档ôն챦ӵжؼֶΡҲɣ
ΪˣԣκһǿߣоβܽˡԼĿռλ档
ͬʱκһǿҲоβֵܵ˶Լ
һǿ֮䡣ңҷֶΣͻγһƽ⡣Ҳֱӵ£Ʒ׸һЩǿߣƷԵ͵ǿ߶սҲٻʩչֶΡ
ֻһǿ⣬Ǿǹǿߣ
ǿ̵ֶΣ֮ţ
֮ţǰѵ˵ǿߵĿռλ档ֱȡ˵꣬ӵ˵֮У
ûʲô츳Ĺǿߣ֮һͬǿߡΨԶζֻеȵ֮ţ޷ȥܽս
Ҫ츳Ĺǿߣȫƾ֮ţԽɱУ
Ҫǡÿʩչ֮ţʱԳһЩ
Ҫǣÿһμ֮ţҲʮ־޴
ôƾ֮ܰȺۡΪ֮УΪǿڣ
ͬģҲԭ򣬹ǿʩչ֮ʱǰЩյ֮ߡֻȷ˲ѸԶݵʱ򣬹ǿ߷Żķʱ䣬ķʩչһ
˭õ֥ûߵʱؾûдʱؾŻʱȻ·ϣһ֮šĵһӦǣ֥ǿ߷ˣ
ηȻôҴֲǣҶɳ֣Ǹ͵ϮĹǿߣҲĿܡ֥Ǳȡ꣬ҲᰲȻģ֥塣
ǣû뵽ǡ
˼Ҳ֪Ϊ˲߻˶ꡣڰУ졣óȻȥѰ·
˼ǡ
𾪵ã˵ȫ
ҲֻУһ·Ҷɣʶ̫ྪŵˣʱ˿̣Ż˼ģԵͷԸ̾
Щ飬ΪĻĵԣûи˵Ҷɻ˵ղ飬Ҳֻܸ˵š
ĵ˵ͷ
ط֮˻ߡ֮󣬸Ծ飬˵һ顣
ڽԼľʱ޾ϸһһ
ǣһЩ飬Ҷȴֻһʴϸ˵
ԵɣҲ֪Ͼ˵ľ˵ս࣬޷Ҷɾ飬ͲʺϽǿнǺԼ
ͺλáֻ֪һڣڷסһ׳ɹͻΪһģ顣
Ͳˡ
Ҷ˵֪ղŷ飬ҲѰǿҶɣҲԴ
ɣҪǲ˵ͲҪ˵ˣ⡣ͷЩ˵ץʱ䣬Ⱦ֥
֥Ҷ£һʮǿū͡ǹϵҶʱؾʱܴģǧǿūͣ
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û뵽ʱؾռܡȻǡ
˵Ҷͣһ¡Ȼʮָ̾˵
ȥǸȥǸʱؾˣһܣ꣬Ǹӽʤˡĸ
˻
ɵõһ,!
ʱؾжôȻҶɲûиϸ˵ǣԼҲܴƲһϢ
ܹһô۷弶ڣ޷ؾˣжô
ܹʹҶѾӵʥһͽսǿߣҲò䶨µķˣָжô
£㾳ûгԽƿҲѾ׵ˣȽӽͻƵľ硣٣Ӧĳ棬ﵽླʥɼڣҲòӵĳ̶ȣ
һȻڣȻڹȥĳʱ򣬱ֱȣòڴһЭ֮˶ϡѾ㹻Ծѡ
ڣҶɾȻ˵ôţ棬ôȻһڡȻͱĳǿߣԼĿܣ

޴ĳ
޴󵽣Ϣĳ
㱾ãһ̣ԼĵܾҪ˵ϢֱӶ͵
ҶɣԼһůĵ֮󡭡
ڣ֣ߵҲʮֽŵĿԼʱ
ɣҪٶ˵ˡҾ֮ٸҺúýʱؾģ飡ϣˣԼǿźġ
ʱؾ飬ӦúúýǵֻܿʱؾŻҶɲɵȻ̾
ֻҶڸ̾졢¡áиҶɣʱؾʱǿǡҲڰԸ̾
˭ϵõھЩ飬֪Щ֮󣬽죬Ȼи˳Ծ顣Ȼ
һֱҶɶΪʱؾܴʲôաҲȷоӵеҲͬоʱؾĵȷȷӵ˽Ŀԡ
ˣҶɵעȫʱؾ档
Ϊ˶һ֣ʱؾѰѰ٣ʱ䡭
Ϊ˶һգĴˣһרѹʱؾľ󡭡
ǡΣ벻ʱؾռܣȻǲʱؾǲʱؾ֮⣡
ڡҺū͵սǸǿ߿󡣾ְţͲ˵塣ǣֻҪҵһṳ̂ȥһıֶΡȫȻ
𾪣ʱȻˡڳ֪ˡʱؾռ֮Ҷɳ֮̾⣬Ҳһ
ҲýšҶɵ΢ЦǰֻΪоƺʲô飬ûаյڣѾˮ棬ǸǿߣҲͲΪ壡
ǡ֥ô죿
˿ܣҶɵЩū£ȫվֻҪҶɲǾж
ɣѵͲ£Ǹǿߣٰ֥շˣϾģʱؾˣ
ڻͷ룬֥ʱ˫ĵ͵ǸԼ꿪˵ӡ֥սǿᣬǣȴҲûκΰ취Կٽӣֺ
ǸǿߣԭͺˡǿȥǸҲֻĿܶѡ
ڣֵ֥꣬Ƕ˵֥ǻᱻٹݣ
ҶɲŲæģЦ˵ˣҸո˵ˣƣ
ȷ˵Ȼ
ղŵľ޴ʱʧˣһСμ䡣
ʵɣ˭ôͿˣǸǿߵƣ
Ҷɶûܿ࡭
ҶôǿūͶûп࡭
Ҷӵе涼ûֵ࡭
ȻͿˣ
ʱ䣬;ãһɽһɽߡ֣
Ҷû̻ش𣬶Ŀƫƣ￴ȥ
ЦʵǲǾãĿеżʵҲô
ǰ~ĻӦ׷黳սٸһЩյʤߣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʵֻҪٶһ㡣ߣٺôһ㣬յʤߣ϶ʧˣҲǵ꣬ӽʤǸˣ
ԽԽͿˣܶ飬˽⡣ԣһһģԱߣֱ顣
ԭûѯʡģ᲻һԼȫ޷ֵľ޴
ǣվֵˣԼǿźġ
ɣ㣬˵øһ㣿
ʣһӾͰҶɺˣ޵׷˼֮У˹ڨڨģһЦǶ֪ڸղһ̣˶еˡ
Ǹղ˵ģ֥үү𣡣Ĵƻϣ
ôܣ
̲סģ;һ////..ǣҶзģõסꡣ£֪ᾪж
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ɣ᲻ˣǹȥƶϣ֮󣬾ѾսΪʱؾеİݣһȺĴڣƿءңΪԲŻȻ˥ܡôܣǸĴڣ
˵ʵǣܶǰѾصģҶɣҶɣͲţһжϡ
ҲҶˣһҪһһĽ͡Ҫǻˣɴͻ˵֡
ţ
ȻŤͷߣҲǸˡ
Ҳ룬Ҳ´ˡڵľȣһҲ㡣Ҷҡҡͷ̾ǣͿࡣôᣬ֥ת޾֮
˵˵Ϊˣ֥ʵԱ㣬ȥΣУѰһ𣿡
֥ʵ٣ȷ¡ǣת֮ȴǺǵ⡣
ҶɵĻش׹ɣ˼ǣǹ֥ת޾֮ĿģΪ˽죿
ûΪ˽죡ҶɶȻ˵ڣ֥꣬ǵûΪǹǿߵĹʧȥҡǡǡ෴ƴͼˣ꣬ȻˣһЩı仯
Ҷٶʲôȫˡ֮ɵãһ¡
ɣҪĻԼ֮ѾںϽˣͬзһΡǾҪˣ
ûҶһΣ̾һǣҲڣʧֱܡǣãҲڡ̵ĻᣬҲɥʧ˵ʵǿ˵ıս޲ʤ޲ˣܾͰڣʧʧˡһۡҲǰ
յʤߣµҶɡǡļƸߵͣıǿ𣬵һ
ıȣǸѾ˿սĹǿߣҲһĪ˵Щвֱӵڵңǿǡ
ҪҶɺˣһ֡˵ǿʷʵԭ˻
ĳһΣ˽ʱؾʸڽʱؾ֮͸оˣֵģԤ֮ĵܡ
ǰһʱճǱʹһԤ֮ĵʱĺۼ֮У£Ҳֻ𣬲ܲһ˿ۼ
ܿ죬˳һ˿Ҫʧĺۼʱؾʵ֮ʵһƿߡ
ʱЩдˡΪԼ԰Ǹƿ߸ڳΪԼȫȫģƿʱؾ
ˣʼı֮ʼѰңǸڰĹǿߡ
ıȷǳΡڣ֮ıȻûбѳ
ѰңҲͬǳֱڣǸڿս֮еĹǿߣҲԼʲôط©
ֻϧΣûбİȫ
ֻϧĽҲûпǵ
û뵽ʱؾȻðһռ䡣û뵽ռǿߣӵе
ڷԤ֮ʱ͵ùˡΪû㵽ԣԣʱԤ֮ȫʧЧ
ҲЦûпǵֿԣʵǹڿˡϾзѰԲ²õ
ҶɣѾӵһϸ£ǸԽĶ˵ʱð˼ţ˵ĹŹִʻ㡣ҶҲܲµõȻдռ䣬Ȼôоǿߴڡ
ǣ㲻ҲѾûκ塣֮ΪʧߣòԣãƿصˡʱĽ־ֻһǾǣΪӾϹᣬѣ
ͽǿɱ̾ôҲͲڣҶɣ졭˸п
ппܰһÿǣʱÿǣʱǶٴθп
²òҲһƴ
²òҲһԳɹ
£ʧֱܵһ𣬸Ӵ󣬸ӸӣӹһƻѾչĴƻ£
֪𣬽ȫϣ֥ϣ
ԾԣԼҶˣʷ½
ڣ֥ǸйĹǿߣòֺˣֻҪþһЩҲûܣڶʱڣǸӴġӵġļƻһ顣
ҲµõƻʮӴ󡣾ôѹҪĽһ飬Ҳûϲʱ䡣ˣｲ֮ǰʲôⶼȣտڲԡ
ǣʱؾŻ֮⣬ֻöһƬʱص
ȥΪݵĲи֥ңԣ˵ʲô֥֮šֻΪܵ˺˵Ŀơ
ڣ֪ˣֻƻеһ֣
ȥҲΪʱ˫еǿߣڽʱؾʱ򣬽⵽ʱؾķɡΪҪûߣܴûгԽɼֶΣ߱ɡ
֪Ȼ󲿷ֲ²ⶼǶԵġǣһ֣ûвµǾǣڽܴߣǰִʱؾʱ͵ϮӶɹĿū
ƻҲͬˣǸƻеһ֣
ܹ˵ļƻֻһ˵Ĵƻ뵽Լļƻϵȥò˵һţ֮Իǻԭ򡪡
ȣΪʱؾЩСһˡ֥һֻҪ֥Щ˵ļƻչͻܵЩ˵ıӻһڻʱؾƿȨ֮ǰ֥ǰȫġ
ΣǸڰǿߣʲôƻգ϶Ҫȡ֥ĿȨһ֥һ֮ǰ϶ǰȫġ
ȫͱ֤֥ߣȥֻ֥Լļƻܽȥ
Ȼ㣬ҲӦòµõ֮԰ѵ˵ļƻ뵽ԼļƻϵΪˣס֥
ȣֻ֣Ҫյ˵ļƻȥǸĻ󡣸¶شڣ϶֡һ֥ʱؾˣ֥ǸĻˮһգʲôôòˡ
һ֥żƻȥչѾ˼ȥѰǸĻǿߣ
ǣΪ֥ԤһֶΣǾǾ֮ңԤ֥֮һԤԡǾǣΣ֥֮޵
Ҷ籾ѾЩˣҶΪ֥֮ڻʱ˫ĵ޵Ծɲ䣬Ϊʱؾ˵ƣ֥ƿʱؾʱʱ˫޵ҶҲûвµʵƣ
֮ⳡսеãҾͲ˵ˡ֥ûҶ磬ҲȫκͼƿĹ
Ҫһ㣬Ҫ֥Ҳƿˣļƻͳ
ԭƾһ֮һ㡣˭û뵽ȻǼֵܵĵȱ⡣
򵥵˵޵ĹʱеĿܡڵʱһƿҲȻΪǿı֮֮ʧ
һȻȥ˿ȥƿ֥ǣʵϣ֥ʱпܣƿء
仰˵ת޾֮ƻе֮ء̵֥ܰ䡣֥ܰѺ˵
ڣþ֮ĵƣҲͬ
ڵ֥ΪҶ֮ĵǲܱˡǣûҶ磬ô֥⻼ʱпܱ
ǣܵʱ˫У
⻼ͼ׳ʱؾ
˵һļƻ
ƻɹˣôȻڹҲ϶Ϊƻڽӣ
ƻɹˣʱؾԱ֥⻼ǣȴ֥Ϊڴ֮ǰ֥Ѿɵ˹䣡
أǹ䲻Լ׳飬ͻƿʱؾɵ϶ͱˣʲôֶΣ֥ɵ˹֮󣬹ֶΣҲͱֶ֥Σ
ƻɹˣô֥Ϊ⻼Ѻ˵ĿơֻΪǰ˹䣬Ӷյõʱ˫ĴСˣȻһǣȴΪǿĵǿȥ
ֻҪǰ⼸ɹˡôĸҲ硣ƿʱؾ֥ȫɵģ˸ɱߣǱɣԶūҵҲָտɴ
һϵиӵļƻ⾫£ǷǳӡһţһԼ㣬Լ䣬еȱ©ֲ㣬ϲϸڵΪܿ뵽ˣһʮ״̬䣬Σ߸
ףҪͻˣ
ܿͷӦ˹Ҳܿ죬ƳһۣڲԶģδ!....
δ֮Уûз֣ʧܡδǣһסδ
ϧҲָܸһδĵҶɣԼΡ
ﲻ׸ˣָһδˡرǣ׸Լˣָδ
ΪԼͼԤҶɵδԣԼŸҶ磬**
Ҫϸ㹻ͦһΣҶɾֻһ·ߡ
ҪһΣԼͱʲô¦ӳҪи̣ԼɾĪˣ
ˣԳ棬ײҶã
ҶҲʮϧԷ书ǣˣ
ԱҪܻܴѧķڣֻܵȵҾͻƣﵽ֮ܰһңķ
˵ͷ֮ʱؾСҲûеڶԤ֮ǿߣܹԼǿ뿪֮֮ǰԼûܣˡ
ȻʵҶ磬˵᲻Ǽ
ܣҶҡͷԥķ񶨵ȻĴƻȷʮֺΰǣˡô˿ţҵʱҲڼ״̬ܲܡ˶ۡ
ǡӵʥɼֶΡֶΣ漶ֶأ󵨵Ĳ²
ҶɶʱЦҪ룬ȻҲûһԡҲˡЩ顣Խ࣬ԽҡֻҪסһؼҪǾǣ´󼪣
ʲôؼҪʵ
ҶصЦЦûٶ˵ʲô

֥Ӯˡ֮е顣
ΪӮⳡ뷴ɵս֥ȥʱ䡣ʱ䣬Ҳ󳬹ˣҶ˵Ĺơ
£ҶɴУ뷨ңҶҲܿϿˣµĲ롣Ϊܿʹ֥ǱĻСõ׼ȷ𰸡
䣬Σ飬һﻹֻǣĳһʱؾ
ΣʲôʵѵһֿԽռؾ
ֻһáҶ΢΢ЦãЩؾȥӶÿֲѹ֡ѡʱؾ飡
֥ϢУҶ֪ˣڹ¡
ںܾǰʮǿ󡣵ǣڴˡΡ֮Իٵͷ
ΣʵǰԼĹ壬ϸ֮ϡȻȻסңø֮
ֻù丽ѰĵرҲͲù䣬ȥΪٵĵ
ǿĵطڣǿߵĿռλ棬ǿ߷뿪磬һؾռ䡪ôͿԸؾռ
ϽܹͨǧȫңԼ˷ʱ䣬ȥоǧֱ仯ҲõģԼʲô󣬾ƿ
Ȼֻϡ٣ƿջˡǣ֮ǿģƿ
˵ȥҶǸûʲô󡣵ĵȷȷҪʱؾ׳顣ֻǸ˲Ƕǹ䣡
˵ҶɹȥǸ²⣬Ҳ֮䣬żƫ
ȥҶΪ֪ԣԼϣʱؾ֮ϡ
ǣʵϣ͵ˡǹҪʱؾףҪʱؾͻƿȻԼڸʱؾ֮ϣͻƿ
ˣô죿֥Ļ˻
ڣ֥޷
ֻǷɵˣǹꡣҪͻƹĿռλ棬ѹ۷弶ҲҶɳٻٻϰٰʮʱ䡣
⻹ǻڣ֥ӵˣԽ۷ս۷弶ȴڵǡ˵Ҳûϣʱ䣡
һ֮Ҷ룬˵ʱؾħ
֥ûκεִģͽҶɵ
ĴƻȻʮţ棬˻ζǣԶԶɼֶεģؼʱôļƻҲעֻһ֡
ʧܣα֮һ
ʧܣֻǸ˴ĻζûиҶǣʲôջ!ûnǰⷬƣ֥Ҳκ״
ʧܣȴҶǣ˾޴棡
û뵽ƾ֮Уĺô
ȫ֮ҶҲɵΪ˼룬ڽкá
εǰá
1κ
2ƵǿߵĿռλ棬ǿɿɹؾ
ãħǿ˵вСáǣ˲ǹǿߵ˵ȴȫûκá
ǣҶɿεһãҲǹ䣬Ϊʲôܸ֥ʱĵԭʱҵá
ݻαꡣʱαĵˣһδ֮֡ȥֶοԼԸӦ˶ʹã
Ҷ뵽֣
֣ЩʥɼֶΣиͬص㡣Ǿǣֱӹ꣡
Ƿˣǿߣ궼ĸԵķǿ뷲֮𣬸߽ǿͽǿ֮ĻǾǡ
Ĵ
ֻܿǣ˥
һ̤;Ԫ˸õ֮ڵʱԸ
ٳϸռ䡣˽𵤣Ӳ١
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žΪĲܳܵⲿԽԽǿ󡣵˲ֻ֮Ҫ治ߡ泹֮ǰԼܹһȫ֮Сôǿ߾Ϳ
ǣһиǰᡣǾǣ⵽ǿй
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ֻ֣ǱŵС鷳ѩпܣΪ**ΪԼķչҶɲ⣬ԷĵֶΣȥ
Ҷ΢΢Цţ⵱һͣϷ
ԷĲ֪ԼΪͱҶɿװסڵֻ֪ȥѩԼΰһ
ѩ飬ԷĲߴɫģ޵ʵսٳϷࡣ㱣ҲġЩ߰ɣһȫطúϷˣֻҪܻţԺٸϷ򱨳ѩޣ
ԷûдӣĿֲУָЩӦģԷģԴǼģźıݡ
ȻԷƲԼԽ˵ѩԽǲ뿪
ߣȥѩ޺˵ʮǰеļϾѾͳͳҶɵСڣеĻ쾳龳ҲȫҶƿأ
ѩ鳤̾һҡͷ˵ħ̫֮Ѿû֮ˡ
п֮أԷȻȻ˵ǿԶһ׾Ҷô˵ãҲÿһΣ׾ͳͳһ飡
Ϊʲô׾ѩ㶡
ΪԷصЦЦԷܣӵһܵ׾Է߸
Է֪ĹȻһֱͨ׾Ĵͷ󣡣
ڹȥ֪ԼôĹȻһصĴͷ󣬶ͷ󣬾Ȼͨһ֪ľ޴׾Է϶ʮ˷ܵģҪȥһ̽?
ڣԷֻϽѩ뿪ĹȣϽԶԷġ
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ΪԷĵƲ⣬ԣȻѩ鲢ûҳνڰģҶɵū¡ǣѩԾɾãԷȷʲôɶ
Ҫ֪һֱѩӡԷүүĹϵõòˡү֮ܰϵҲһֱ޸ĸѩ飬Ľѡ
ѩ鿴ԷôܻΪүүΣգ
ˣѩԳ֣סԷȻڣԷж硣ǣѾûа취ѩӵ߶߶Ҳûа취ղͻȻԽԼȥѩ뿪
ڵԷֻбߵģĬĬվѩߡ
ԷģҾԲóѣ
ʱ˿̣ѩԷĶˣ֪ԷЩʲô˵עȫˣǰĴͷ֮ϡ
үүĹȣҶǿ󷨸ˡͷ󣬻𣿡ѩЩɵʵ
ܣȻܣԷصЦΪǸ׾Ĺڣ
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һ֮УȻһ׾⵹δŵ顣Ҷû뵽һε顣Ȼصܡ
֮أ󾳵أ±Ϊǿ߳ģͲǿ߳ġࡣླأǷǴ˼ˣΪһ̸
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ԭҶΪԷʲô羳طģص˵Ѿ룬ǲʵҲֲΪ֪ླء
Ҷû뵽ȻˣһԼöûйĹġ顭
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Էĵ⡣һ˵ڣҶɾͲɵаòᣬԷѾ֪ˣǸܡ
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ѩҲͬܺ棬Էƾʲô˿϶Ŀע֮£Էĺٺ˵ˣԷҵʷ
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ǿ߶֪Щ۷弶ڣԸǳѳ磬Լľƿ
ǣѩ龹Ȼ˵Էʵ硣ңδʱ͵ɽ
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Էָָǰͷ󣺡Ȼһ׾Էң˭֪ٺ٣ȫΪԷңĽ衣Է棬һ׾
ʱ䣬ԶʱؾҶɣҲ࣬þþòԲǿ׾(һ
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һ棬Ҳ֪Լôѩ飬£ҲʲôЧ

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ѩһͷǿơЩǿƿһߺѯԷġ
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ڣԷȴ֣Լѩbsˡ
ΧȫԷҡҡͷ˵ҶɺūҲǣ϶ͻĹȡȻʮΣǣҲǸֶǿҶɣҵͷ֮ڡǻǵȥܹȡʱ䣬ͻһЩ
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ǣѩ˵ȴûⷽȥ롣ΪԷģϵүүûκξ֮ģ
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үүͷİɡѩоõ۷ǰѩԲκ鷳
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뵽Ҷɾеԥ
Ҷ֮ûгѩ顣֮ûվҿԷĵĿΪˣѩԱΪٷչȻԼͿѩѹϴ̼ԼĸЧ
ʵϣȻҶɻûѩ潻档ǣԴ֣ѩǿֹľ޴Ǳ֮ٶȣҲӿ˲١
ڵڶνʱؾ֮ҶɾѾоԼĽٶȣٶȣںٶȣԶûеһνʱؾʱǰѸ͸Ч
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ҪҾʧȥĻᡣҪٸԼһ鷳ף
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һ·ɳ۵ѩ飬ҲǷĶãƿˮ׼ֲ֮ˣµС
ҪҶɵǸū£һȭܰɷ顣ﻹݵãԶݣ
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ѩԽԷľԽҪ
ͬʱѩԽԷľԽǺҪЩִһط
ڣҶɵȻصͨ⣬ת˺üȦһˣִ⴦Ѩ
ˡԷĺǺЦѨ֮ڣһصͨصͨһƷʯ֮СԷǿߣƷʯһ󷨡󷨵ĴڣԣǸʱأпܷĴգٻ﷢
һƷʯһ󷨣ѩ˫ۣʱ͵ԲˣǴֱʰѹֻȽϰȫ
ѩ鲻һǣԷԷĵĺ棬߽صͨ
ҶɣԷĵĽ֮ڻȻ
ԭԷıȻΪĿģԷıգ
ѩҪˣ㲻Ҫ,!
Է¶Ͱ飬ƽ͵Է뿪ѩ顣
ϾԷԼŮԷȻ񶾣ǣûȫħûбײϵѪħҪѩ飬ȴ벨Է
ǣԷȴѩ֣Ϸɰ֪֡үүֶΣǣ֪үүĿġѾ⣬ҪԷߣʱԼȥѩ飡
Էü
û뵽ҶɵֶξȻô׺ȻԷ
ѩΪȻģ΢΢˵ͷ
ûѩ˵ЩʲôԷľЩ޷޵˵Ҫʩһ˯һӣҲð
Էϵүүô˵ֵ̾ģ˫ֱѩĸ첲ҡΡ
үү˰ɡѩʮ۵ģԷۣСңҲʲôӰ졣ڵĿҲСܵʲô˺
ԷֶȰ䣬ǣԷ飬ԽԽ֡Էѩ֮䣬ԽԽܡ
ŹųⷬģѩиǷŭѡ
үүҾˣСң
ԷĿ⸴ӵģ˿Էһڵ˵ͷٶ˵ʲô
صͨܿͨһƬԲĴƽ̨
ѩȼǿߣչ֮ʱ֮ڣǿߴڡˣԲĴƽ̨Ե̫խһ㡣
ĴߡԷĺǺЦţ˵ҲһЩֶΡԲһЩҶɲô׵ҹѩ飬Ͱõ̫࣡
үү˰ɡ˿⴦ƽ̨ѩ˵үүѩ֮ˣѵүүѩߡѩ黹᲻𣿡
ѩ֪νֻԷĵ˵ʡǣѩȴȫ⣬ΪԷҪӡ
һΪпһĻҶɣаԺȲʡ
Էķû֮ʼգҲûжùκθ֮йصĵܡǣѩȴһֱԷǣűߡҶɾҪãѩҪ׶༪ˡ
ѩǴƽ̨ĵشϥ
Էѩߡ粽롣
ԷģѩҲȽϽɵľ룬ҪԷٴγıѩ飬ɲǼ
ˡѩϥ֮ԷѩԷм䡣̬ʮּ
Ϊһˣο࡭
ԷİҡҡͷȻѩ鿪ʼ֮ǰѾϥ£۾

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ѩһοʼһν뵽ˣʮ״̬ʱʮĸоԼľ磬Լһ̤˿쳵
ָоǳ죡
ȻǲΪʲôԼܹ˹ģǣѩȴãԼʲôա
ָǵûиѩκΣյĸоǣԼʵԸһЩ
ʮʱ䣬׵һ졣ǣôоʱӦÿԣһ룿
ڽ׵ɣѩ״ĸо͸ˡãԼȫٶȸЩ
ҡ
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ʮ죬ɶ죡Ȼܹٶȸ죡
ѩģԼһ׼
ֻҪʮʱ䣬ҿ϶ܴﵽ졣ڣԽ۷壡ʱҾܽС⡣ҾܳȥҶˣ
ѩ鷢֣ȻԼ౶ǣԼǲܿԷױʩʲôֶΡ
ʱѩԾûʶʵԷûκ⣬ûбκʩʲôֶΡǰԷİԷŪιȥֶΣҲԷʹȥ֮󣬾Ѿɢ
Էĺܼ
Ȼѩ飬һֱվѩԷмԷԷĺܼ
ֻапһеҶɣ֪ʱ˿̣Էжôļ
Ҫ۷壬ҲͿҪˣ
ҶҲѾ׼Գ棬ֻ˵ˣѩøȴû˵ԷᰲȻ
ݺ˵ԷЩֻءΣҲ𣡡
棬׼
棬ڵؼʱ̵
תۼ䣬ʮʱȥˡڣѩﵽ۷壡
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ԷڿǣҶ㣬Էڼ֡
һУȫԷĵľϣ
ڣԷľˡ
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Էʱ䣬һƬԲĴƽ̨ˣһâ貵֮У
󷨣ȻֵʱʱؾҶڹЦ
Ȼûв´Է棬ȻҪ󷨣һžƷʯǿᣡ
һ˼룡
Է棬ʮûˣܹƾԼ֮Уͻƿ
Է뷨뷨ʮֻͬҪʱؾΪĴڣʮѡĳɹģʱؾںµĴߡ£Ҳûʲôɹ
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һƷʯĿΪƷʯĵṩ
һ˿ƷʯϢΪƷʯĵָ򡭡
ּƻɹĻȻܴ
Էˣоģ¾ܹƷʯԼȥһ㣬ǾƷʯԸͻ֮أԶݶȥˡԷn꣬ͷȴֻøһա
Է棬ûܸ֪Լǰ֮ε͵˽ԷҲӣԽһ飬
㲻ãԷ¡ԷĶѾƷʯҿ󷨣Ȼ⾳ˣǣŲȱ𣡡
ɲ֮䣬ô룬Ҷɵʶӹ
Էĸոն֣Է֪룬ѩ鷢״۾ûʱҶѾʮĿˡ֮еģüȱ֮
ȻĴڵѹҵٶȲŻһЩҶ΢΢Ц
Ҳһ¼ѩ鲻ԼΪСǡԼѩǿķŭϢԼҲġӿ˼֡ԼĿģҲѾִﵽ
벽ʥɣսﵽʥףͻƵʥɼλ棬ҲٿԴһˣ
Ȼֵġâ貵󷨡Ҷɵ棬ʱһǿ顣һ̣㱾ãֶΣԼҲûϣֵһ

ҶɺɣҶʮ㡣
ǣѩȴ𾪣ѩȴޱȿ־壡
⡣ʲô󷨣
ո˫۵ѩ飬ȾΪ󷨵ǿ⾳𺳡
Ҫ֪ȻƷʯ൱ɼǿߡҲǡ൱ڹȥѩ飬൱ڵԷ
ǣҪһžƷʯȻֶΡȴʲô˶
ֶΣ
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ȷѩʮֹġڶ̶ʮһ·ͻƣ׵۷塣
Ҫ֪Ҷɴһ죬۷壬ǰʮʱ䡣ܹʱؾڸûܣﵽˮ׼
ǣѩһ죬׵۷壬ǰ󲻹˲һʱ䣡
ǣȻѩʮȴûмս֡
ҲҶͬʱоüз򡭡
ҲҶֵܹΪһ塭
Ҷӵдս顣Ҫֻ֪ҶԼսҪǿ̫ࡣ˵Ҷɻ̻ͨū䣬յս飡
ˣںȻ⾳ǿǿԼһ˿һ׵ʱѩһӾеˡһʱ䣬ûһ룬һ󷨣ΪʲôͻȻط֣
ԷѾһһ⣬ֻΪѩڵԷʱȷӦ˹һסѩĸ첲ݺݵҡҡ
С˵
ȻԷϵδ⿪Ȳܿ˵ҲǣѩȴܿͶˣԷ˵ʲô
ѩֱԼжϣܿͽԷϵĵ
ѩ飬ץסԷģ󷨣Էĸģ
ʱ˿̣Է֪󷨣ʲôôȻأ⾳Ȼǿ󣬵ǣԷûиожԼʲôЧ
ԷΪֻҪܹץסԷģһл̫
ǡ
ץңˣԷ˺˼棬Ц޼⾳ֻдﵽླǿߣпֻܲпܣǾԣ
⾳ѹƾһССǿߣҲץԷģʥɼڣҲûܣ
ڣڹ۵ļ£ԷĵķЦ£ѩ֪Լĵ
޼죿ҾͲˣ󷨣
ѩŭˣ
ȥΪҶɶŭ֪Լȥˣ̫ףŭȻһ̨ס
ҪȥôŭӦ֮£ҵٶȣɣʱؾҶɲɵþ̾ϢֻϧȻƾŭԼĹǣֻҪ󷨵ȱ֮ܣԷκӰ죡
Ҷⷬһû˵Ǿǣ㿴󷨵ȱ֮ҲδþץסԷģҲδþħѩ
ѩһȭ侪ˣ⾳Ҳǳ뺷,!
ҶǿǼūͣҲû˭ܹסѩһȭ
סֻǱѩһȭɶѡŰѩһȭֻδҪٰһȭжٱ֮ɥȪ
ֻҪһȭ¾зֻڣҲһҪȭѹɱ˶УҶɿüɫ裬ȴҲҡͷ̾ϢϧˣƲ󷨡
Ȼѩȴ֣Լһȭ֮ӴȭȻϢģͱ󷨸˽ȥ
ܿ죬ѩͷӦ˹
󷨣ҪӴܴ߶
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κǿߣֻҪ֪󷨵İ۵ǿᣬҲᱻ󷨸ɣ
ô죿
һ룬ѩʶӹǣȴЩ޴룬벻ð취
ȱʧ˱׶ˣʱ˿̣һš
ԷЦøӿˣЦøӿţǿǿǿѩ飬ǿһȭܴʥһڣܿʥɶ۷弶ڣ
׬ˣ׬ˣҰ㲻ãҲֻܹƿҸпܣֱӳ嵽ʥɶ죡
ʥɶ찡ĳͷأʥһڣλҲǵǲ̨СѡҪӵʥɶľ磬Ҳڴıõλ
ԷԽЦÿģԷԽǾۡ
үүôô
Է˻ߵĴšԼԼûб£Լú뵽־
ԱˣһԱҾͲţ޷ƣ
ȻԷҪԼԱΪѩıһӳĻᡣ
ʱѩڷɿ˼ţӦôźá
ʱԷڷЦšۼžҪħ
Ƕûз֣ԷҪԱǷˣѩѾΪԷȴѾ׷
ԱԱĺãȱԱæүүĺŮ
Էģħ
С
ѩˣķˡĿţܵѡԼǰԱԼǰʧ˭ܲ
ֻǣѩ鲢֪ԼѾ׷ʱԷڲԶĵطƴ
˭˭ңң
ǣԷҲܡôǿ֮Уѳ

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ǿǿɣѩ鱦Ұɣ꣬û滯ڿٴת

ԷĵЦԽԽѩĹԽԽš
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ҶԼ£ҲѾ֪׮
ҶɴЩūѹ£ǲ֪ж׮
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죬΢΢ЦţҡҡͷҶ磬Ҳ֪
ʵﲻֻǲ֪˭ܹѩҲ֪ͬ״̬£ѩȻܹϱǿ
ֻԤԽҲԤԹ̣
ĻشҶɻȻʱ䣬Ҳյˣôа

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滯УѩȴѾԽԽѹأԵֵ
滯󣬲ûйǲܸеǿߣ֮֡
ֻǡ
ȣ滯󷨣ȱԣԭһƷʯתڣУԷĵʱԷѾֻܳ󷨣Ҳ޷չֳ滯ʵ
ΣԷĵĿģΪѩ飬Ҫ滯󣬽ѩɱɵҪ滯УݻһžƷʯԷĻ֪Ӧôˡ
ԣһ棬滯޷ܡһ棬ԷҲܡ͵£ֱڣѩ鷽ŸоˣһǿѹѹԼѾЩ
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ѩ޺޵ĿԷģȻ񣬵ǣȴʮԼţΣա
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Ȼȱ𣬵ǣѩڷˣҲѾûа취ã˵㹥Щȱ֮أҲδܹ
𼶴µ󷨣ȷηҶȻ󷨣ǣѩҲûʮİգ
ʮѣ̸ηԷģ
л֣֮ۡҶһ߽֮ľ󣬸̸ۿһ߳Էľվڻ֮ѩվ֮滯ѹͳͳѩһ˵ϡңҲºѳǿѹ
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󷨣ôƵҶɺǺЦ²⣬Ҳܵеݡܲɣѩһ嵽֮
ѩһ·Ѿ˳ԾˡֱڡҶɻûסѩܡ
Ҫǣѩ黹һ·ɾͲ֮֮͸ӷ˼
Ҷɻ䣬ȻһûңԶĵطȻ𣺡ɡΪʲôͲܳ嵽֮
ڳˣҶʮָ˵ģ˹ȥ
㣬Ҳﵽ죡ﾪϲӭȥ
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ĸпижȻչѾãǣȴҲ˽ͣܲ³һš
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ʱΪ֮ʱĶ򡣾ͺǫ˵Լײʵ֮УȻ
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ҪôѰһսĵطսС
Ҷɵ˵ͷͬжϡʵ֮ԻԼԼ鷳ѩԼĵˣΪˣͨѩ飬ÿĻᡣڣͨѩ飬ͻƿ
ڡ
ľãĲ²еҶʮֲʵ룬᲻ΪѩӵʣܿɱһҲԤԣ
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ҡҡͷ΢΢Цͳ֮УΪĵ˼룬ǡ桯֡
Ȼѩ龳һ·ˡ桯֡ôΪʲôûܼȥ
ȻԷ棬֮ܣԼҺӵܣ͵ɵ֮ʩչֶΣôһ󷨡ôΪʲôѩͲܸĳ࣬ǿأ
ĴƲ⣬һӾҶɺˣ˼·ս
Ĳܴ󵨣Ҳȫûе,!
ǣʱơԼҲѾЩɡ
ֹȥʮʱ䣬ѩľٶȣҪˡѾʹ
ȷԤԡңţԼԤûд
ǣҪʵԤԣҲкֿܶԡҶ˵ģҲѩʲôԡԣ㱾ﱻԷĸˣǣ
ҪǸ֮ѩֵʲôôͿԽøˡֻⲻҪģø
ʮ죬ؾꡣ
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ҶɵĴ֧£֮ʯľҲһ·ǡҲѾﵽ˼Ԫһ졣
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ˡһսԼ൱ڽɶǿߡսۡ
һֱҶɺǲ⡣ΪҶɿԼū¡֮ģҲкöУɽѾɾ˰벽ʥɵģҲѾΪʲô棬ѡһۣս
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ңҶҲ֪ΪʲôҪ֮ʯȥսˡΪȻͼıԷ׾
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ҶɾãҪѩ鱻ԷɱѩԼ룬
ǣҪѩ鱻滯ɱܿܣѩᱻͳͳɱ
ֱңо޴Ǳ
նĻشҶɺסˡ

ʮƴʮķ
ǿѹвѩ𽥵ģϰ
Էġ䡱Լǰ;δѩ𽥵ģģǰ
ʲô̶ȣҾҪʲô̶ȣǣһǱҲѹեҲŻ
ʮĥ£ԭΪԷԱѩ飬侲
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ѩҧгݵģǱߣһֱĿԷġ
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µģһ֡ȣ
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һֱȵѩҲûа취
ǸʱԷĲŻܹᷢѾħȹȥġ
ȻԷĸо֮⣬ҹ
ˡ
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ϵս󣿡ԷĲмƲƲ죬ȷ޴󣬵ǣҪƿ滯󣬸ûܡǣƽΪ滯֮
ս󣬲ܶ滯ʲôвԷҲٶ࿴ע·Żصˣ֮еģѩϵùԷģϣ
žߣҶջʲô
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Էȫûս֮Ҷɲɵҡͷ̾
ԽǾԽǲܶ˵ģ
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˵ֵ֮滯ˣԷԳӦҲױսܣ
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ҶҲѾ̾ϢǳַࡣڣΨ·һ
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Էıض᳹䣬ȴ޷ĵδ
ԷģûȤսֽȫѩʱһˡ
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ܿ죬Էľˡ
ԭ֮Եʡ滯ʲôãǹ̰ԡ⣬ֻҪĵͶᱻһһɣȻ֮ȥν顣˼
ԭԷľַ
֮ƽô֮ɼ򵥣ԷֻϧûƽǧҪܴﵽ˵߾磬ô˵ССƿɾʥˡһ졣Ҳڻ£
Ҷɶ֪滯󣬳˿Ʒʯ֮⣬һҪáǾǣǧ
ҶڣѾںǧ֮·ΪҶɴˣħħ
䲢ֻôһԷҵ滯Ҳ֮һ
Է̫Ӳ滯֮һ
ټϣԷģЩԷȱǡûһб£ֲ滯ȱźˣҪ滯ƽǧ򵽣ںǧĶͲܡ
˵Էֻƽһ¶֮Ҳû̫⡭
******
ףȻȰ
ԷĿʼ󷨣ƽϵҶǿ֮̾Ͳˣ󷨵ĸа
ҶɾĿʼоְСȴüͷԵЩã
ʹɢ֮ǰļıҲȫã̾ƻʧܣ֮ʯ
ɹʡ
ļƻʧܣǲôĽǣһǿмȥ֪ԷĻ᲻ʲôС
Ҷɱ֮ʯʲô⡣ǣҶһԿӵʵȴҲͳױ¶ʱ밵в߻ʲôҲˡ
㣬Ҳ̫ż￩Цѵˣʱ٣֮ʯǱߣһ𣿡
˵Ҳǣż΢Цţ˵ͷ
һ죬ؾǧꡣ
ԷҪʲôУһ̣͹ȥüꡣģܰģ˼ǧʱ䡣
ֻҪ޷ƣֻҪп룬Ѿڲ֮أ
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Է֪ϻʱؾĴڡ
ҲԼ׾Ǳ滯󣬶飬̫١ľΪҲһлӴʱؾ
֪״Էģһ󷨣ƽŶ֮һ߰˼ǸòǹİɣѵǷһЩ滯İԣ취ҵ
ԷıϾ۷弶ڣֿˣھ˸տʼĲм֮ĥһζ
ֻԷĻ֪˾ȻӵУ淨
һԷľҪ¶֣һЩɫ
ߣɱжסȻٿ㻹ʲôֶΣ
Էֻ˵㡱˵ǡΪԼĶֻ֣Ҷһˡµõ粢ûҶɸߵǿߣıԷ棬ȴҶɻҪǿᣡ
ԷĳˣԷķˡϣԷĲûж滯Ҳû뿪滯˼ڣ࣬»ʲô״
ɣ⣬ȻٰԷǷֶΣһƵóѵģ
ˣ㻹ǿɡҶû˵ʱԣҪǳʲôʣڶ
Цŵ˵ͷʮģ֮ʯȥһùԷģУ
Էĳʱʮ㡣
ս̫ףҪһսȴʮɡҶɣúÿϷ򵽵ЩʲôֶΣ
һΣԷİ̫ܵҡûлֱ֣ӱֵҶɣѹ
һΣԷľãԼ滯УҲ޾ҶûĵֶΡԼҲҪҶɺúóԼֶΣ
ȻԷģֶҲȷʮ˵áֻһƵĹâͳսȥ
۹ǳ˿ˣ϶ΪԷļЩǣҪݺݵս֮ϡǣҶȴʮףЩĺۼһµ󷨡ʥɼǿߣЩµ󷨸ϣһʱҲ
Ҷ֮ԻҲԭֻǱûʲôգԼǿٽЩ󷨣һһƽ⡣
ҶҲʮżΪʱԶԼ
ӻǳ֣һ󷨹ɣǰȥ˰֮һɲǵʱ䡣ʱ䣬Ѿȥ˲֮һɲǵʱ䡣֮ʯǱߣȫӦù
´֮ʮŵ˵šҶɺˣϣᵽ˸ǿģͳ֮ĵܣ
Է֪ȥԼڸһʮСս󽻷档ʵڸһӵǿͳ֮ǿߣնԴ
Ҷ磬ʲôʱҲһͳ֮ԽԽֻҪҳǿߡκʱ㶼ԿԽռ䣬ǿСκʱ㶼ܵҳߵҳԼĴڣ
Խ˵ԽҪҶںҶǧūͣսٴʱҶݺλ棬͸б֤
Ҷɵū£Ѿﵽǧ֮ңǧūУųɾžŵģ۷弶ڡʣǧ֮һǿߣǰ벽ʥɣ
ֻ룬;ü֡
뵱꣬ԼҶɾҪԼһˡʱҶɲֻǺεˮ׼
ССһɽɹƭܽɽס
ңҪмƻ˸ջɳ²ֵļƻͱɽæڴͷֱɱ
ǣת֮䡣ֻʱ䣬Ѿﵽּ
ʲôֲͱáҪǰҶɶ֪ȻôһԼ
ɽ𣬸ŵøɴ˶ϣתʲô䣬ȻҲҪˡǳߣ֮ɽҲܼԼǹһ
Ŵ֮ҶǶ֪ɽǺ£Ҷնݳ䳹׵׵ģ֮䡣ѡ񣬺ģ
ɽҲ֪ԼѾˣҶɻ᲻ʹɱֻ֡Ƕģ֪ģԼҲûκϣܺõǣӮˡ
˶ӮȻ˶䡣
ǸǧǽһŰ衣ͲֱӶˡ
ԣҶʱǧҲʮֺ¡ǣĴң㵽һ۵龳ȥ
ǣߵǣû೤ʱ䣬Ҷɵūͣͽоأһһ˵ǧŵСС龳ˣЩδֵȼģ̽ĴСأҲһģҶУ
һǧ³Ϳ֪
Ķζλ䣬ҲҶɵ̾ϢǿʵΨһ˵ûҿ϶ҪĵܣںսڡٽһɾͰ벽ʥɣȥںҲ١ڡ
ҶɺǺЦǿԷĻǶôù
ù
ԷĴûֿܡ
ѾʮСˣһûж滯󣬶ûжñڣûһ
ֻǶһţ洫ʥɼֶΡãҶޱȣԼʩչֶε⾳Բ㡣ǣƣԼҲɣ亦
ֻϧԷˣ֮ڶࡣֶ֮Σǲ
Լǧū֮⣬ʱؾǿߣֻҪҶɵģͳͳƹܡʱؾ֮ģ󾳵еǿߣҳ϶㹻ߵģҲһơ
Ҷɣʱãؼ淨
ۼţһǣսԽԽˡ
ۼţǵۼɵ󷨣սŰΧ
ۼţԷĵǣֳ΢Ц
ۼţս󣬾ͿҪһã
ͻȻһǿУȻ֡һǡһ󷨣ȻͱһУɵùԷģ£
ǡ󷨣찡Ϊʲôôǿ󷨣
ɲǼ䣬Էľ;ʶһƬհס
֮ǿߣܹ󷨡Էǿ˵ⲻʲôϡ顣
ǣܹʥɼֶε󷨣
ֶô֮г֣
ԻعʶﲻһƬհףԷŵģҲֻôһ⡣
ԷûʶԷȻѾԤˣǿ󷨡ôܲԤ£ͬǿķ󷨣
ֱڣǱʶԷĻã˵ƽ֮ײСǣԼҲʲôա
ԷĲ֪ǣһֲ󷨣ԼĻǸɽȥʱĺУѾͬʱ
һУǽɹ󷨣һһȥ
һУѾԷĽп಻
Ҫ֪ԷʩչһʥɼֶΣ⾳ǡơСֱӺɱˡ
ڣǡǡֶֻΣв滯еԷģ
滯ʲộʲôԣθʵ̫áҪԷһʥɼֶҲ̳ԵԷҪЩʲôֶΣܰһֶҲƽ
Уŵǿ֮ᷴҲԤϵǰ㣬˳һ󷨣˻ȥϣ¶˸ŵ΢Ц
ֻǵһУԷĵùҪټڶУԷľ͸Ҫýͷö
ȣļƻǡ֮ȥԷġȻ󣬽Էĵֶʩչȥ飬ȥ㡣ƿ׾ķֶΡ̶Ϳ֮ʯȨ׾
ǣƻûб仯졣滯İԶԶԤ롣ˡѾˣʹս
ڶУҽɵǿ󷨣ҪԱԷɶ֪ľԷȻڻ֮УҲδܶڶУ
ڶһУͬʱʩչȴȺ˳һԷıȥʥɼֶΡæҡôĵڶУ֮ء
ͳ֮ǿǿڣͳһֻҪ˿ָӡܽʩչһԼʩչֶΣ
ֻֽáҲΪȥ̫͡ս̫ҶɿϽϽҲʩչ
ڣһһģ۷ǰͳ֮ڷӳ˾˵Ч
ˣԷľ͵ùˡ
Ϳ滯һͽ󷨣ǣ˽ȥ
滯УֲƵ֣֮
ƣȻǲƶڻ֮еԷģǲ֮еѩ飡
ģ
ʱԷҲ֪ˣ˸Լ׼ʲôֶΡ
ҪַҸ𣿺ߣȻǲҽ滯ôΣҲʧܣ
ʧܣζſ϶ʤΪ滯Уһ޷ݵĴڣ
ֻҪܹȷѩ鲻ֻҪܹ˳мٶ࣬Σ
űͻĲ֮ڵȥѩ飬Էĵǣ¶һ˿мЦֱڣûʶԼĵù֮ãѾȻ
滯κεֻҪĳܼޡһһɣҽֵ֮С
ЩʱҲͬʱ֮еκδڡ¾һûǵʯҲὫѹޣŰ֡
滯ص㣬Ҳ滯ǧںǧİ֮ڡ
ò˵Էĵȷӣ
Էĳɹģ¼ĵֶΣɹƽϢȥҶҲɵû̾ȻǵˣҲԼ֮⡣ҲΪԣҶɲܳӵˣҲܿٵĴӵϣѧֶΡ
Ҷ磬ϧܿû취ԷĵֶΣ
￩Ц֮УѷĵڶУ¶ݣ

ԷĻȻվֱţѾȥŮԷȻȻֳԼǰ
ԣǻ񣡣Ȼ֮䣬ԷĿҶɣȻ滯У㶼ʩչ
ԼˣΪǿĻȻֱӳԼߣȻֱӳڻۣ
Էʮʱ滯Ѿ޷ԼԼٲԳ֣ôԼͻᱻҲ޷ѣ
ڡ
ƴˣƴˣҶɵǿᣬҲƴһغ϶ͦȥ
꣬ҶɵĹ֣ԾԷ¡
죬ٵԷȻ֡Էģз
ʱ䣬ԷľͿʼȼ
ʱ䣬ԷĽܹʩչֶΣͳͳʩչ˳
ԷĵģԼϽС£ԼҲûУκγеĻᡣ
Է׾ϷᱩҶɣϷ׾֮úóһͷ
Էʮֺģʩչѹ׵ֶΡ
ͬʱĵУҲͬʱ֣
ʲô
ոջԷģȻ䣬ʹľȻ֣ԼԷ׾֮ϵȫϣ
û뵽ԷĹȻǣ
֮ʯڳɹԷ׾￪ĵĴЦ
һֱʮʱ˿̣Ҳģ¶ĵ΢Ц
˭֪ΡڣԷǲܹԷ׾Ҳֻ˵㣬˭֪⵽ǲʵ
ڣһг䶨ҲͲҪٶʲôˡļƻɹ
ҶҲʮָ˵ģ޵ļƻҲֻóֻţܹѩ滯ѧһЩû룬ԷԷ׾
ʵѶȣǿԷ׾ѶҪҶɵĴ㣬˲֪١
Ҫ֪ɱһǿ߲ѣѵòѹһǿߡѹѵģǴǿϣѹγԼҪܣ
ҶԷģûԷĵĻ꣬Էĵļ䡣ǣһ棬ǵѩ顢ԷٰԼæ̫һ棬ҶҲѾ֣Էĵ䣬ô
ʱҶɻΪʲôΪԷľ͸ħЩǿһӵвķš
ڣҶѾ֪ΪԷĵ棬һǿڣ
ȻԷλ棬ûܰԼѧɹǣǵȴڵֻһƤë֪ʶһĪչƻֶ˵áҲܴԷթֶΣ
ԷĵĻ꣬ҳԷ׾ֶΣȻ̫ʵڣһơùԷģȻֶΣ¶ǰ
㣬ٽ滯Ĳٿ֮Ҳթȡȭͷ
ôףЦٿԷ׾ֶȻǣ֮ʯյ֮Ҳͬ档ֻҪжԷԷ׾֮ϵ㲻ľٿֶΣҲһԳɹ
滯ɾͲͬˣֶΣûԷĴڣҲûκΰ취ԲٿǴԷթȡ˲ٿַ㲻ãǻû취ٿ
˼ǣɫ
ҶҲ΢΢˵ͷǰ˵֮У־
******
ԷɫãͺǶŨصơ
Ҷɡֶξˣļơ˳Ծ֪жԷ׾֮ϵΪ
ʱ˿̣ԷĻ֪Լҵ׾Ѿһǿ߸塣⻹֮ʯ֣ħǶڵľأַֻʱ䣬ͿռΪУ
ȻˣǣܹͼıôǿߣؼѰ
ħɹʱؾ֮󣬱֮еĸ󾳵أֻҪû˳ͳͳԿٸ壬
ȶԣ֮ʯǹǿߣ֮ҲǾҶɸҶʮ˵ãָ죬Ҳɱģ½١ټϣ֮ʯˮƽħ̫̫ࡣˣһʱģûȫ⴦׾
ԷµõԼѾùãԷ׾ó䣬ʲôùѾùˣȴãȻ֪ӵĵù
Է˦˦ͷȥ顣ԼֻҪ滯󣬾;Բκ⡣
ҶɣȻѾˣһɣԷĵǣһ¶ǱЦݣҪһδԷģΪūΪͣԷľ޶
𣿡
ҶɵЦ滯УƮԷȻԲٿ滯ȴҲ֪Ҷںη
ӣԷͷأ֪Ǹ˵ǲġĻʲô춯صĴֶΣ
˶񣬳ȵҶɣ㻹͵ϮĹκ󷨶޷赲㡣ɱҵǰҾţҵҪǲǻһΣ
˵գԷһר־ģʼеѩ顣
ղһۣѩķøһЩȺӽ֮ͲƵѩѹӦԷĻƽһЩ£ѩûˡ
ѹûбѲɣǱֹڴˣ
ҶĿעѩ飬ܾùֵֹġ
ȣҶ룬ѩ鲻ǻܼǿɡΪһ˵Ĳ룬Ҷɼ档
ѩķѾԽԽˣľ硢ҲѾԽԽ΢ɲˡѾʼԼĲ²⡣ǣҶɷǣԽԽãʲôط֡
Ҷ磬㲻ѩһΣɲøɡ
ʱؾʱֹȥʱ䡣ѩǱߣѾˣĥݲС
ҲѾЩżˣ˵ﻰԸĿţһŮӣȻ䡣
ǣ¸
ǣø

һΣִˣ˭Ը⾭֮壡
ҶҲԥ
˵ﻰҶҲ뿴ѩȥ٣ȥϾҪΪԼͼıٵףѩҲ뵽־
ҶɲΪңԾǿߡǡǡ෴޵Ǽ֮
Ȼ˵ѾԽ˹ȥԽĳһֵĳֵĲΡ
Ȼ˵ѾΪĳЩϴӰԼ޵ӰԼĵȹ̡
ǣҶɾͲˣ
ǣҶȴԥΪȲȡѩԥΪ֪Լֱжϣ׶Բԡ
ʣҶɳĬ˺ܾúܾáڣʱؾʱ٣ͬ򣬵ӳĬлع£ѩѾ
һꡭ
ʮꡭ
ꡭ
ʱ䣬ȥһٶꡣڣҶɴ˳Ĭ

ʲô
ˣȵĵɴ۾
ҶɳĬʱѩֱøˡǰѩ黹вСķڣԷļӿٶȡѩķ֮Ѿ𽥵ģ״

Ѿ⵽̶ֳȣμ
ҶɣϡŹֵ飬ҲͿöˡȻعʮֺġ۲ѩı֡
սһġǣԸʱʱһЩ
ѩʱ䣬滯ĹԼԷĵҲ¶ˡһЩǰһֶΡҲ治٣ԼĳЩܣһµľ硣
ȶԣĻ񡣾Ҫ˲١ʱؾʮֶءʱ䣬Ҳ̫Ϸ
Ҷɣⷬնж֮ʱؾֹȥǧʱ䡣ѩǱߣּһʱ䡣һ˶ʮĺϷȻ
ѩԭԽԽ⡣ǣ֪ôģ⵽һ̶Ⱥ󣬾Ҳ޷ȥ
Ź֣ʵ̫ŹˣﲻɵþôѩҲûʩչʲôرΪʲôȻȶ
Ҳͬҡͷͳǿڶ࣬ܵõʤǡȴû˵˭һ㡣
ʥɼֶΣֶΣǶʲô漶ֶΡҲӦܿ㶯ɡѵõֶΡѾԶԶˣܿΧ
̾Ϊѩ̾ҲԼһ뵽ֿԣ̾
ȷҶɣҲֻˡǣѩʩչʲôܹģֶܹΣôܣѹӵ£Ȼ
ѵԽ棿ԽĴڣʲôһģҶɽüͷ˼
Ĵ𰸣Ҷ벻ӵе棬Ҳ֪ԽǵĴڣʲô
Ҷҡҡͷȥ˼ԶԶԼ⡣ǣʱ򣬴𰸣ڲ֮䣬ð˳
ǻ籾Դ
ȻһֵģŽζҶɵʶ
籾ԴԪʥ
öûʣȻҶɵʶ֮УԾ
ʣǵ֪ġǸʱ¸ҶɲԸҶΪ˸ԼѹҲΪ˳շ£Ըǩ˾Լ
ʱҶɴ󲿷ʱ䣬ǴʱؾѾȥ˳ʱ䣡
Ԫʥû뵽ӵлԪʥǼ٣ӵлԪʥ棡ף˭Ҵ𰸣
ڣҶɻعԴӽװ벽ʥǵһΣôʱ䣡
ʧɫ֮࣬Ҷ̿ʼѰңԴ
ϸռ䡭ǻʯ
Ҷɵ۾ȻԲ
ʯ㣿
ңһ˵ˡһεģֽϰ
ϲϲҶɲɵϲɫҰҵʵĶ֮ǰԼ
ܹ˵Щǽǿȫ顣
Щǽϲ˵ܹ˵ܹΪΣҲǼԪ£顣
ǣڻʯĴ˵ܹ˵ܹǾζţԼڽײ࣡
ϣʯͿȲ֮졣
ǣ棬ȴʼ޷ͻƿ
һĴڣ緽棬֮صķǣڱ棬ȴΪ
ԣʯŻѡҶɣϣҶɰѰһߺʵĶ֮塣
ڣҶɵϸռ䣬ûϸ³Уʱڿԣ˵
ʯ飬Ҳʮ졣ֻͿԽ׳ɣһģ顣
ǣЦ⣬лҶɵĹءȻּ˵ȥ
ʣǸѩ飬ǣ
ʯ֮嵽ʲôǻԪʥʲô⾳
˴ɽʦҶв׷ʵ׵ĵѩǱߣȥʲô⡣һ죬Լ߾͹ȥǧꡣ֧죬Լ߾͹ȥǧꡭĽôӣҶţԼҲ㹻ʱ䣬ȥȥȥ
ǡ
ҶޱȾɥǣʯһ仰˰ء
Ĵ𰸣Ҳ֪
ΣҿΡ㲻֪Ĵ𰸣㻹˵ôնôдʣ
ڣʯڶ仰ָҶһϣ⡣
ǣ֪ɻһƬ֮أֻһ棡
ҶһӣͱʯĻˡ
ҶԭΪһֳʼ̬²ָ֮Ŀܾ档ԪʥȻȻģָľδݻϸķԴ
ǣʯȻ˵ĳ֮ءһƬ֮أֹһ棡
Ҷɷ㶵ʱ򣬻ʯ˵Ⱥӵе棬ԭ˵棬ֻĳһ棬ݻ棡
Ҷɵ˵ͷԴѾȽаաƲĳ֣ܿζ֮ս
ҵѾͷˡ֪㲻㴴棿Ҷѯʵ
֪һûǸ硣ʯٻӦҲҵľ硣ͻ۷塣Ҳܻش⡣
ͻ𰡣ôͻƿࣿ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷɾ;áͺͽţ˵һֶ˹ޡ
ֻ˹ǴӴСҿģܷ֣滹һСġٽҿСģܷһСġ
ڡԼǴǸСĿʼͻơÿһ㾳ƿͺǶ˹еһһ㣬һͻƣҲ֪׻᲻һģռĴڣ
⣬ֻҶɵһʶУԴ˸ʧӰ١ȫû취ȥ˼⣬û׿Ϊá

ѩı仯ҲԷĴΪ𾪣
Ѿȥ죬ȻûκνչԷĲɵĸꡣ
ħ֮ˡķӦѰ£ħֻ֮ǽ˸ɱһЩǣһʱħ֮˾ͻĸꡣ
ҡĸ꣬ζšĵˣ˾ѻᣡ
ѩΣˣ
ˣһν
ȻҶת˻ʯԭһϢǣǻʯҲ֪ѩܲԶסѹ˵ܾܲط
Ҫ֪ѩǻ֮壬ѩӵлʥѩݻһ桭ǣⲢѩһԷλⲢѩܴ⴦أ
ͺñȣ֣ʩչģʥɼֶΡңƷ׺ܸߵģʥɼֶΡ
˵֣ȫƾЩֶΣҶɷͥҶͳһ־أ֣ͳһ־أűȽ
ʵϣ֣ȴҶɱƵã¶档
ʵϣ֣һȺ׼ֵڣҲֻŤͷܡ
Ϊ֣޷ʥɼֶεܣչʾԵʡܹƾЩֶΣϮɱ߽ǿߡǣȴӦԣЩ׼Ĵڡ
ڵѩ飬Ҳ⡣Էһĸ꣬Ȼó˲ķ֮ԭѾԷһεģԷѹô
֮壬ԪʥԱ֤缫ٿ쭡ǣ⻹ԶԶｹ˵ҿѩǱ֮صķסˡֻҪ޷ͻƣûзΪʤϣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵£Ϊ֮صķ뿴Ϊʲô֮壬ȥһֱûչֲֳҵõϢʶѩǿߣΪʮֿ̿࣬ʮŬȴûһˣΪţ
Ϊ˽ѩ飬ѩΪʲôô⣬ѩ鿪ʼһ·쭵ʱҶɾѾ㲼֣ռйѩʷϡЩѩйӴǿߣһϿɵģѩƴŬ硣ȴûһ˵ѩһţ
˵ʲô
ɣ˼ü˵棬ʲôǿΪ޷ͻơ
˫ҲѾҲ˵ֻҪܴѩ黹ܼٿ쭣
û˵ͷȴҡҡͷǣãԸǸ
ʱסˣĬ˺εƣεţ
ѩǾζţѩܹٴλֲָ֣Ŀ,!
ѩΪ֮壬ڱ滹ҪߵȵĴڡһָʲôƿʲô
֮ͣ೤ʱ䡣ܿ죬ܳɳΪ漶ɳΪ缶֪֮ϣǲľȼǣԿ϶ǣһѩڣҲѩĶ֣
壬΢΢Ĳšϰڸֻ꣬һš
ɱ죡ǺεȿֲǰҪﵽǵˮ׼᲻᷵ͷԸˣԸҶɣ
Ҫ֪ȻҶɾԷǣҲҶɲұסԣԷôĿࡣѩǿˣ˭֪᲻Ҷˣ
ݺݵ˦˦ͷͺҪԼղŵ飬˦ȥͬʱҲĴһҶɡ
ﰵңûãҶֱҵ顣飬ޡ
ǣû೤ʱ䣬ͺȻ
ⲻҾͰڵ
ﾪģҶ磬˵ˣȥ
Ҳ룬ԼҶ磬׻ᱻӰ
ʱ˿̣޾ѹûⷽ롣
ȡҲòȥ
һߺдֹۣһߺıԵǸʱ쳣Ѹٵģָľ޴Σա
ǡҶͬĽʱһʱ䣬;ãԼʧȥ˷Ӧ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ĿšǼȰգ쳣ģҶɵ֣ϰʱ䡣ģع
ɡԸðաǣʲôȥѩ
ĻһӾ˷ǰǰ˵ĶԡҶ磬ԸðգҲûֶΰ֮壬ƻԪʥֶΡ۷弶ڣҲԽ
˷е;ãԼҽʵ̫Ưˣ̫ˡʱȻΣңһйؼҪ
ǡ
㲻Ҿһ㲻


Ϣ
ʲôƣǺεţ
ʱ䡣Ů֮СͲģ˸ԵĹâ
ر·ˣԼҶɵһ̡

Ѱǿߣĸ֮ʱ¶սһǧɡ
ǣħǿߣԽƽʱԽǲ¶ɡԽĸʱ򣬾Խڱŭ
ŭﵽʱɱﵽʱħǿ߾ܷӳǿս
ڣԷĵŭԶûдﵽ㡣ǣȴѾһεģݺݵѹѩռ䡣
ѩ鰡ѩ飬ҿ㻹ʲô취
ţʮȥ϶һж㲻ȥѩ飬ԷĹЦǣЦųһСȻֹ
㡭
ԷĵĵһӦҶŪĻˡǣԷϸȥȻ֣ԷȻһˣ
Է־ãԷӦǼٵġ
ҶɣȻֱ仯ֶ˵õū£ǿǣȴŲң
ԷĴЦţҶɼֱǭ¿ˣȻŪôһװŪ
Ҷɣ㿴ˣϷôɱū£
Էĵܿ죬ԷҲˣѩһģһĹ
ʱ
Сսеѩ飬С㻹ţ㻹ţ
ѩҲѩľҲȻʧ⡣ԭѾŵúܳڣǴѡۼţÿʮйѩж㲻ȥ
û뵽û뵽ҶɣȻϷһæԷ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ󣬾ͿЦҶɣҵķݶϡţһŹǣһúǣ
ӷħԷģսǿδѩһĹ޷ס
ѩߵ⣬ԷǱߵҲͬ⡣
ԷճʱȻҲˣѩһģһĹǣЩȴɡ˭֪һǿķ֣ڱԷ
ڣԷĵս֮ȫΧȻСˣֻʮɣ
ʱ䣬ѩ׹
ҶɣȵСԲԣҶɣ㣬һҪСȳȥԸҵȫ͸㣡
ѩ˻ţһհ򣬾ҪԼʱʴȥΪ˱Щ򣬲ᱻ󷨹ٵ޷ܿĹɣ
ǸҰ첻ҶɵӰԷȻ֣ûϵ󷨾ȻֶΰˣӴ˽١
ҶɣһεĿЦʱѩס˴(
ô죿
ô죿
ô죿
ѩӿʱսٽɡÿʮ֮䣬Ȼо޷ס
滯ոտʱѩϵķۣΪȽ̫͵Եʣ˸顣һֱõȿԱߣֿԷ塣
ǣ޷ֵĹԽԽࡣһۣҲϵıи顣
һʼѩ黹ܼʱ޲ۣڴйڣսﻹܹ˼Щ顣ܿ죬˼ؼλ֮⡣طѾȫ.¶档
ۼžҪʤԷģЦøӲ񣬡û뵽ѩѾͷƤô۰Ϸе㲻ˡϷ뿴ǲӦȰӡúһ棬ˣٰһڳԵ
ޣ
ŭȼѩķҲԽԽҡ
κ˶ǱھǷӣĽҪͷҲᱬԶʤڹȥ
ѩߣѾɾͰ벽ʥɡʱֱ˼ŭı֪ת˲֮䣬ÿʮй߰У˻ȥ
ԷΪЦԱε΢һ㡣
ߣͷ
Էĵ۾ԷǱ߿ȥ
㲻Ϊ𣿺ãҾȰɱˣȻɱ㣡
ƻѶԷľʱŹѩ顣תͷȥԸԷ
ҶɣΪǻԼ֣ԷĿģһӡ۴ҷַַ֣
ʱ䣬˾;ãһεʱ䣬ҶɾԷ׷ֿ
ûҶɵıԪǵԷܵס滯ĹֻͱݵĽһѩ飬Һ㣡Ȼͱ滯󣬻Ϊޡ

ѩ鷢ôԭӣҲŤò
ǰһΣԷԱѾ̼ãѩ鷢һο
һΣѸǵöʧɲ֮䣬ѩܵĴ̼ԶʤһΡ
һ˻ߵĿСѩ͸оһɹǿ֪ʲôطӿ
ҪҪɱޣ
ԶʱؾѩַħģˣǱѩ³ֵǿŵɫס
ģʯ˵ģ⾳찡ҿʲô
ǿʲô
ԷĿʲô
ѩɣռ
ѩɣʱ
ѩɣ
ѩɣκοͳͳ
ʲô滯ĹʲôԷĵֻ֮Ҫѩɣͺģͳͳ
ԷĵĿЦȻֹ
ôܣôܣⲻܣ
һʼĴŭԷҲãһָǿԼ塣
ɱɱɱӵ󷨣˭ɱɱ
ʱ˿̣ԷȫɥʧǡǵãԼҪѩ飬ǵãԼһ滯Ĺǿ󷨣ѩޡ
ɱɱɱ
ʱ˿̣Էĵֻһ֣Ǿǡɱ
֮£滯ڹȫֵӵֵܣưôһ㣬ܼóѩȥ
찡𼶵ĵܣ
ʱؾŮͣѾŴãǼʶҶڵļսóҶٽԼս1000򱶡Ҳֲϣ滯Ĺȫ
ⲻ𼶵ĵܡҶȴҡҡͷмЦϾƷʯֶεӡ£Էǿߣһֲ֮

ˣϽĿ⣬Ʒʯ
ȻֻǶϾԿһͺǣ⾳Ȼˣȴǳ¡Ҷ磬ֹܻ
νһʮᣡ
Ȼ⾳ˣǿᡣȻҶںںܱ֤Լֹ
ҲܡҶʮ̹ϵҡҡͷǣܣ
ܣ
ѩܣ
ԷĲŲţ˭Ӧȹ
ȥɣʥɣҲһܰɱ
£ͳͳɱ
һУԷλ
һУԷڽ֮غ׿֮
ԷǿߣϾǳݣȷţһУΨܽ⣡
գ֮䣬еĹͳͳѩ壡޷ֶΣ޷ֶΣ
ˣڣˣ
ۿеĹʮģѩ壬ԷһεĿЦ?
Ҷɣһֵ㣬Ҫ
ͻȻԷķ֣ԼȻûҶɡ
ͻȻԷķ֣ղҶվŵλϡԷģվ

ûиⶼʲôʱˣ㻹棿
ԷһͷˮʱͻȻһٳ
Сû
ԷĻûĥ˭ͿǰһһӰԷ֣߳
ѩѩ飿
Է˲崻
һƷʯ
滯Ŀֲֶΰ
Ѿ׼ȷĴѩ顣Ϊʲôӳ죿
ѵеֻǼ
ʱ䣬Էľûðɡ
滯УȻüƭǳ..Ĵ
ƴˣƴˣƴˣ
Էĵ˫ۣɺ죬ɺ죡
һУúܿ졣ǣʱؾȴѾȥ˲ʱ䡣
ѩڱ̼ã󿪣ٴʱ˾̾˵δ֮⣬Ҳʼˣæµķ㡣
˫ʼóԽԽǿֶΡʱԼ߾⾳ĺûᡣ
磬ԷĶϾƷʯһȻҶ˵⾳Сǡ˵⾳ֶΣѾǵľ̫̫ࡣ
ƽȻҶҲܻǰԼģߵȼֶΡУԽģ漶ֶΣ
ǣǿ˵֪Խ࣬Ҫ֪ľ͸ࡣ̤֮·ǿߣһƿ֮ŵСǻȴ֮磬Զ㡣
ѩֶΣȫû취ˡҶɣڿѩı仯֮Ҳֻҡͷ̾Ϣ޿κΡ
ʯƾɲԲЩֶΣҶɳʵ
ʯĵˮ׼ʹﵽ£ȱֻѡ
ʯǶصܿ촫˻Сȫ
еĻʯ漶ֶΣҲѾиΪԭͱҶɵǿö࣬ԡԵҶɵʦָҶɡĽԼ漶ֶΡ
ǣʯҲȫûа취ѩֶΡߣ׼ȷ˵Ͳ֪ѩ鵽ûʩչֶΣ
ý⣬쭵ʱѩˣԷĵһη񹥻
ֹĵȷȷɱκһûⱣֶεʥɼڡʥ۷弶ڣҲһԲпɱ
ǣѩȴվԭأֲ̧ŲģɵιҶǿĵ֮͸ѩڡʯͨҶɵģȫ̡Ҳ޷ȷѩ鵽׳ûУ
ѩ鴩͸滯󣬳Էߡ˭֪ѩ϶ʩչʲôֶΡǣ˭֪ѩʲôʱʩչֶΡ
ڻʯѩͺһƬѰĿռСȥԷߣʮȻģ˹ȥ
ǿʵ̫ǿˣҶɲɵ֪̾ԷǲҲʲôܣ

Ҷɵ̾ﶼˡ
ҲӦ˹
Ŷ֮ǰѩûа취ʶ͸ۿռ䣬ȥԷ١ǣȴɵģ϶Է
˵ûҶĵ˵ͷѩԷֻǽ£֮䣬ʲôϵ
ҶɵļƻܳɹԷһκݺݴ̼ѩ飬
ʵҶɵĺ󱸼ƻкܶࡣֻһƻȻɹ
ǻˡһƻͳɹȻǷǳˡ֮࣬Ǿͺˣƻ˳Եʡ
ҶһѣŮӶ˹
ԭҶΪѩΪԷĻԣ˵һͻơΪԷԱսࡣԣŴƶƻҪѩδ̼ǣڴ̼ɹ֮ǰô֪ԼģǼٵԷѵ
ѵǡ
Ȼ䣬Ⱥģ뵽ͬһԡǲȺģ

ѩ㣡Էϣ飬ûû
Ȼֵѩ鱧ţԷ
СǾѩԷĺ󱳣ɫһƬϣҲûܹвǣ
ѩű˫ۣǡǡţĿ˫ɺԷġ
ѩһһٵĻԷСһֱȵѩ˵ⷬЦţָһζϣ
һѪ
ԷĵһξѪ
ʲôô
ŮʮԻĻ࿴˿?Ȼ󣬾Ҷɿȥ
ֻҶüͷɿɿ˷ȴԲشŮ⡭
ѩ㣬ǿܣڶݵļԷһĨϵˮ˵϶ֶΣǸϿ뿪󷨣
Էһֱû뿪󷨣û뿪ѩ顣ѩѩķܶѩıѩͻƣҲѾ
Է֪ѩѾͻƿΪ֮ʷһˡ
ǣԷҲ֪ԼүүڵĵȷȷӵɱʥɵֶΣ
Ͽ뿪䣡
ѩȴûжЦΪʲôҪܣСǵֶΡҲӲǵģ
˻
Էһ
ˣѩ鲻ܣѩҪɱԷģ
ˣѩ˵Ĳǡҡǡǡ
ǡĿԣΪԷ΢΢
ͺΪӦԷⷢƵáͻȻڵ⴦ռ䣬ʼ΢΢
ֲ಻죬ǼûСǣֲȴҶɣɵû̾
ֶΣ
ԽǾ춯أֶβԽ
Ȼǣ
ǰԷҲϾһƷʯΪۣһƾ˵ĳǡֶֹΣ⾳ȴֻʥɶѡ
ڣֿռȲҡΧǺСǣֶֹΣ⾳ȴﵽ
ҶɿֶΣȴһͷˮղһʥɼֶΣǶûвŵ˵𼶵ֶΡ
ڣʱơڣǿҶɣϸһ
˵ϸĽ⣬ʵҲȽϼ򵥡
꣬һǷ˵ʱ򡣴ŵʦʦ㣬ǡҪȥѹһ֮ءʱΪǻ˵һʩչʲôĪֶΡǣλʦֻƮƮļȥһŷֽͽ⣬һи㶨
ѹ֮ءʿõķֽȼǿʲôֶΣ
ǣҶôһ˵˶˼ǵͷ˼ĹСҶһɼصĽ࣬˵
ֶǿ뿴⾳ߵͣ뿴ӦԡӦ֮Ϊӵи⾳Ӧ֮磬Ϊ⾳Բͨ
Ҷ˵ûҲǷͬҶɵļ⣬صɸȾ£˾;ãһĻ΢΢ĿռԼʶһһĲͣšǾ;ãԼֶΣԽԽ˽⡭
ûа취˰ɣ
ֻܱѩ飬ԷһβЦѾȫħȻ˸ΪǿսȴҲʧȥһ侲˼ġ
׳ѩƳһۣᣬСϥ
ԷЩͿ
ҲͰˣǾͷɡǣΪʲôҪϥ
Էûжʲô̾ˡ
۷ʲô飬Ҫšѩֳ
ţԷݺݵĵ˵ͷ
ڱҶȣֱҶǶһֱڿѩƴȻʱԷľ硢Ϊû˿ǣԣȴࡣ
Էϥ£ѩٵ˼ɹ̣Էϣ¶顣
ǡ
ǣٿ쭣
ѩһ·쭣Ȼͻƿɾʥһ졣
ڣԷҲ̤ѩ߹·ң⾳쭵ٶȣѩӿֲ
ⲻܣ
Էķˣȫ벻ԼŮȻҲӵǱ
ѾˡҶǵȴڣѾݡѩ顢ԷִڣӦʲôݣ

Էķģ棬ѾľѪˣ滯С
䣡䣡䣡
һ𼶵ֶΣǱأѸݣǳٻһ⾳䣬ǿֶΣѩԷΧ
ǣûôûκô
ѩϷʵЦݣԷˣԷ֪ˣ˼ѹûг
ܣⲻܣôʱ䣬۳Щ⾫ѪôûκãܹܵľѪôȫûãⲻܣ
ɲܣԷ֪ǣΣҲԼһС
˭ҲţԼһСǣʱؾˣѾ²µʱ˿̣Ǳʶ˶ϣⲻġ
ɡ
ɡ
ɡ
ʥɣ
ѩһ·쭣˶೤ʱ䣬ﵽ˲֮ʥ֮
Էٿ쭣ֻ˶೤ʱ䣬ʹﵽ˲֮ʥ֮
ʮϢ
ֻʮϢʱ䣡
Էոͻƿ׵ʥһʱ˫ۣȻâȻԷģһƬֲ֮У
ϣҷңɱŮ(һ
Էıˣүү
ǣԷĵķУѾΪʱɲ֮䣬ͻΪޡ޵ֶΣȻֻǣݺݵĵһۡ

˻
ʱؾŮ뵹һ
ʲôֶΣ
ʲô
ղţѩʥɼֶΣȻףǣôû˸оð˿˿⡣
ڣԷı֡˵ĵð˿˿ˣͺãԼ⣬ȫĺױ⣡
ǣҶɼʱŮ˺
ǣʱؾڵˣѾﵽ벽ʥɼħҲ˵ļ֮£Ͻһµķ
£ŮΪչۿһԷֶΣѾ𣡣
ǰ򱶵ŮΧ
ôŨһεҺ۳󺣡
ڣЩŨȴֻһŮΧһķ
ֻҪʱؾ٣ķͲ١ħҶɵļ֮£µһȫ·
ҶɼʱĺֻǱסŮķ󣬲սŮȻֶΡ
ֻԶģչۿһۣȻҪҶɺķĻֶΣŮڻعʱе𺳣ֱ޷ˡ
һۣȻ󡣾ҪڡҶɳưķľȣֻͽ͵˷ˡ
ǡ
ûŮڣҶɾȵúôšҪҶ
Ůļ⻹ҶɵһôĿԼ˵ǲĿҶɣҪѯʡ
ͻȻ
ԭ
һŮӵڲԶȻǣȴһ쾪ף
ѩѩ飿
ŮһˣҪ󷨻ڣҪҶڵĵ棬ʱ˿̣ܵĴһҲڸղţ
ѩʱؾԷҲȻߣǣôҵģ
Ů໥һۡ
֪ѩԷڵľΪҪʱؾûκ⡣ǣҪҵʱؾȴôס
ȡʱؾԷ׾ͬһ֮СԽѰңôף
ΣΪ˷Ǹڱ֧֣ʥɣҶҲѾαװ֮ʱؾܺõαװ
ħʱؾڼʱؾˣͬʱʱؾҲԵͬħѾǰ벽ʥɼڡ֮ȻҲﵽ˼ߵˮ׼ĵ֧ţħıôױ˷֣
ҶɵĻ˵Ǹصʥɣʥ۷弶ڡǸߵȴڣԽ֮ءûʱ䣬Ҳҵʱؾ
ǣѩԷȴҵˣǻʱ䡭
£ᳬʮڷ֮һɲǣ
ٹһ£Ů;ãɫ䣡
ҶҲ𾪣Ҷȴ򶨡
Ǻǣʲôж㣿ҶЦûǱۺԣֻнؾӿٶˡ
ѩƲƲ죬һ£Ͳپ⡣
ھһСһεķݶϣҸһᡣ˵ɣôѩϣɱݺᡣ
Ůǵĵ飬ڷˡ
ǣҪ˵ЩʲôʱȴȻ֣ҶɷסԼеж
ȻǾҶϷʵ˵


Ѿȫʧȥˣ˼ʶ
ǣѩԷʱ˿̣Ҳ˲ʧȥ˼ʶ
һλָ˼֮΢üͷ໥һۡȻ΢΢ģ˵ͷ
ҶɣǽãС㣡
ѩǰ̤һһߵˣǧ֮⣬һƬޱȿ֮ϡ
ɣҿ㵽ûʸѡȻѩ˸֮սı׼ơ
ʡ
ѩô˵ڿѩôʱ䣬;ãԼҪʹȥ
ѩһҶɰһ𣬶ѩĶ֣
ѩǵڣҪݻʱؾ
ɣҪ嶯
Ҷ磬Ҫ򣡡
ڷź
ҶɸܵŮǣȴȥֻŮ΢΢ЦЦõģܿͻ
ȻһΣ˾ˣѩ֮Լڶ
ȷҶ˵սܿѾ
ȷ룬һҶͬʱ֣Ҳѩһ˵Ķ֣
ܣ
ֻڷ֮һɲǵʱ䣬ҶɾѾܣ
⻹Էûг֣ɱԷĵĹ˭֪ԷսѾԶԶˣѩ֮ϣ
ûڣʱؾҲסˡ
ûؾû£ͻϣ
ݶϣŮҲֻҰοˡڣƽһΣĿԼİ˲Ұܣ׻ŮӰҲԤϡ
ǡ
Ҷɣȷѩ˵ͷ۾ȻǳҶڿ
ѵǼ֮
һӦ
ǣܿǾͰ뷨ˡ
ҲͰˣҶ֮ƽȻԼˡҶɶûԼô֪ܲǸ˴ܵҶɣǼ
ǾҶı
Ȼжƣ޷˵Ҳ޷ǣȴܴĿУݿ϶Ĵ𰸡
Ȼˣѩڸ˭˵
ˣҶɣҲ¶棡ѵţȥ
Ǽ𣿡ҶɵĴЦ˷ǣÿ˲أҼȥ
һҶɡѩĿע¡Ȼ֡һҶɡ
ģһҲģʱ䣬Ӿˡ
ƽȻԼûбҶɶùļ
ƽȻԼϢǰһ˵ҶɣһȻֵҶɣȻȫģ

ʲôЦ䣬˭
Ի򡣿Ըţ档ǣעֻһ
ͼе֪Ĵ𰸡ǣȴֻȿѩô졣
ҿʱɱ㣡ѩɫ΢ÿһЩĵ˵ͷ˵һʱ䣬ʱﲻæͻ
˵գѩ˲صԷߡŮЯ֡ʧ

ħûнκѣ
Ҷɵ̾ϢһʱؾȻ𡣴һαչؾʱѾһǧʱ䡣ûп˵
ˣħʧˡħ˻
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷ̾һ
Ҷ磬ܻа취ģϥҶοʱ仹أѩ˵ʱ䡣Ҷʱؾüʮʱ䣡
ôʱȣչһǧ꣬ʲôٻϰٰʮʱ䣬ħȥ⣬Ҳûν
ǡ
УʱȰҶҡҡͷ̾һ˵ǼʮʱˣʱӳһǧҲһܹﵽѩҪ󣡡
⻹Ҷɵһ˵ԼҪѶ೤ʱ䡢ܰѩԷæҶɵĻشﲻɵõһ
Ҷ磬ôʱ䣬棬֪չʲô̶ȣοԼǸѩ飬Ҫʲô飬Ҫʲôİ֣
Ҷɱչһǧ꣬Ǹ棬ѾΪ˷ƺҶɾͽʱ档
һǧʱҶɵһ桪ϸ桪˰ٱ
ٶȷչȥֻҪϰʮʱ䣬ϸܳɳ봫˵еλ棬µĳ̶ȡȼʮʱȥϸ㲻þܸڴռͬ
ֻ棬δܸҶɰ϶æ￴Ҷɲֻ֣һȥæҲͲ˰ɡ
ΪˣǧǰѩǷ֮ŻΪѩֻԳ˿ڸ˸񣬷ŹҶɡ
ڣȥԼȫˣ
ܹѻ籾ʵģѰˡּ׵ãɻּʵ⣡
Ҷδͻƿǣǲ֮֮˵ʲôս
ҶδͻƿѾӵңİ£滹ӵںǧ˶صķչ֮·
ǣѩҪҶȴûκΰܹﵽڵΨһܹ뵽İ취Ǿȡʱ䣡
ֻܵ뿪֮غȥ׽һʱǿߣܽ⣡
Ҷɷݵİţڸħ˵֮󣬾һεıչؾޡ
ֻǣһεıչأû೤ʱ䣬ͱһϢ˹ȫ¾أ
ҵһ֮ҶɴϲôʱȥˣһϢ
һǧǰҲʱģһǰҶɺѩ֮䣬ڴһ㣬һΣ˵˼仰һ֮Լ
ʱҶɾ
һǸħָ˼ʮؼ⣬Ҫһһ취ҶɿһħЩ⣬ô˵ͻƿʥ֮ˣҲκƿ⡣
󾳵أǿߣѰұΣ׾棬Σյľأ
ǰһħɹˡôħͻƿħԳͨ衣ǿΪҶɣṩʱ䣡
һ죬ؾǧꡣ
ʱ֮ģѰʥһڣҲһܹ
Ҫʱؾˮ׼ֻʱ֮ģʥɶڣбȽϴİգ
ң˼Ҿˣ˼ƾʲôԼĵĿռλ棿
˵Ҷɿʱڽšʱؾˮ׼߸ǧ˰ٱģδܹԼҪ
ҶɸħĿ꣬ã۷壡
Ȼ˵Ҷɻò㣬ħĽ׵۷壬ͬħʱؾܹǿʲô̶ȡǣڿİ취Ϊʵɿ
ֻϧּħԣҲѾԵЩˡҶѾΪָ˷򣬵˹ؼҪǡһǧʱħȴһؼⶼûв͸˭֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ܽ⣬ȫͨ͸
νʦšڸˡ
ҶôæħԼԲǱھҶʲô취ԣҶɲŻᷢ˵Ҫȥ׽һʱǿߣ
ҶɵĵһڿûгɹʵֵĿˡ
ĵڶʵ֣԰ҶɣͻĹؿ
Ҫ֪Ҷɣվ˲ླĴ֮ǰľΪѾԽ˰벽ʥɡ
ǡǲƿȴţҲȻȻû뿪֮صĿܡ
ԣ´˵ڶң´ʱãҪܳʱ䣬һϢ
ǣû뵽ǡڶȻڶ̶̼ʮ䡣Ѿ˺Ϣ
Ǹ˫ħǱʧˣ߾Ȼ˳
ѰҲ̽µľأǸ󾳵أǿһ顣
Ҫֻ֪ҵһģС¾أֵҲ޷ҪܷһµļʺϼԪǿΣ׾˵һһ....ˣʮ˸ִҲɽ
ˣҶûн֮֮ǰ·ǿǣһһκһû̽ĿռĵطҲ뾳غԽԽԶ
˭֪ԽңԶĵطشڵĿԾԽСҶɽ֮ǰһǧʱ·ǿߣҲֻˣһ¾ضѣ
Ȼ˵Ҷͳκһ֪ľءһ£뿪أȥңԶδ֪ռѰ¾صǿߣųɾŵĶˡǣȴûָܹڶ̶̼ʮʱҵµľء
˵ҵԼҪģµ֮أ
ײ࡭ˣ
******
Ҷǰ󣡡
һ۷弶ڣĵģָǰĴͷ󣬵ܡҪ˵ȥʱȻͱҶɸˣ
˵Ⱥ󸶳һǧǿߵŽͷ󣿡Ҷɻʵ
ǵģҶǰǸǿһ㶣Ȼæͷ
˵Ϊ̽һ¾أȺٶǿߡǸȷ¾صǿߣҲһˣ
ǵģҶǰһΣǸɼǿ߻شʮѸ٣Ѿʶ£ҶҪʹˡ
ʲôʹأƷʯǾƷ
ɼǿߣҲ²ŵʱ򡭡
ǵļ壬ܵӻǼеľӢÿ꣬ѡһõָ㡣
ǿߣѾﵽ۷壬Ҳ̲ס
ӻζʲô
ÿʱ䣬ھһӢԻҶɵָ㣬ζʲô
ʮ߸һ壬֣
ɼǿߣͷݺݵľͳ鴤һ¡
һ壬ô״ɣͺñԼ壬Ӷ壬Ϊһ壬ȥ˰ʱ䣡
ǣҶֻ˵һ仰ֻʱ䣬Ϳͳʮ߸һ壡
ʲôиɽֹ
ʲôֶͨ죿
ʱ뵽Щʻ㣬ֱǶҶǰ裡
ʱ䣬ɼǿߣҶɵľη֮ĸʢ
ʹɼǿߣԼЯһ£ƿصǸ֮Ҷģ߽ͷ
֮ҶɾͿܵĿռ䣬һӾͱһռСһգ۵ĹҶɾͽ뵽ˣǸȫµľأ뾳أĸ
һ⴦أҶɾ;ãһɹȻԼһȥҪҶ֪һʱ䣬пܱôֲ
ͷеǿߣӰõȷһΪɾʥɣ׼⾳أ
Ϊ飬ۼΪʵ
Ҷˣܹ͸󷨵Ĺ֮ȷĵȷȷԼҪѰҵ־أ
Ҫ֪󷨣ǱѰ󷨣Ҷƣ
ÿһɳȥѰ¾صҶɶһ󷨡Ϊ֪Լ󷨵ĻôҵԼҪľأҲֱֻӴ͸ȥ
ֱӴ͸ȥȻҲǲСֻǣҶ£Ѿӵ˽ӽ벽ʥɼū͡Щūͣ󲿷ֶҶɰ¡ҶɻǶһ£
ϾҶ˵벽ʥɼūͣԶԶã
ҶƵĴͷ֮ǿᣬ֪ҶɾãʥһнǿߣҪƴͷķ֣ҲҪķѲʱ䡣
ҪʥɳɵǿߣǸûܣҶɵ󷨷
ǣ㴫ͷķǿȳ̶ȣҲû赲סһɹɹڣȻЩԴ͸󷨷ǣȴݻ󷨷Ӱ쵽ͷת
ԭҶ󡣾ȫù

ǳ죡
ʮ֮Ҷվ
ʮǰ߳ͷ֮󣬵һ顣̿ʼĴǡھ봫ͷԶĵطϥ£Ŀ޲
ʲô
ƬصİУ
Ҫ֪󾳵ءʵǴСһ֮ƬȼԽߵľأζΪߵĳླǿߣ
ЩླǿȻˣֻҪ򣬻ܹ֣ĵ⾳û¡ҲһԻٵģڸ󾳵òٺô
ҲΪʲôڼеǿߣɾɵܶࡣ龳еǿߣѡ뿪龳ȥܳɾɣ
µľأϺҶҪľءǿߣͻƿľءȾУĵ⾳ֻǺεȼ
һʥǿߣܴܿﵽʥ۷壡
ʮҶɴжϳˣ¾صԴ
ֻϧֻôͻƿϣݻռΣգܹʮ򡢹۲졣Ӿˣ
ʮҶɲʥɵĵ⾳ڲ⾳ݻա
һɹɣܹ͸󷨷ֱҶĹԴݻһѰǿ߽ģֹĹͺѳܣ
һҪͨĥ£ƿҶ˵ô˺֮⣬㲻ʲôˣʮʱһλʥɵ⾳һĴѰΣա
ǸѰҵ¾صڸٸǿߵ֮Ҳֻ⴦ͷΪģ̽˷ԲʮĿռ䡣ҶһˣʮʱʶѾ̽˷ԲһǧĿռ䣡
ֻϧȻ̽ķΧ࣬ȴûз֣ܹвԼսҪҲսԼôܴƿײ֮
Ҷ磬Ҿã»üѰµľءҶɵĿռλ˵
һˣҲҶһˡ
͸ǷֿҶ´ʱѾѡ뿪ʱؾȵģϸ󾳵أԼҶɵģ֧֣
ÿˣÿ˵سÿˣÿ˶صáѡĵ·һʼҶߣҶɹۿδԤδ
һΣһԳ棬жϡҶڲչʶӸԶʱֱӹۿδ鿴ʷԤܣжϡ
Ȼжϣζܰٷ֮ȷ׵۷壬Ҳֻ˵׼ȷԺܸߺܸߣȴܰٷ֮ȷԼԳ棬һܹɹ
رǣŵԼ̫࣡
ͺñȣһߵǿߣֻҪ׼нģƽԳ档
һɸ߽ǿߵĵ⾳ݻļաҲпܽжϣݻ١
һУʮǣﻹǶԤܣˡԳ桱ΪȵľǣԤԱݻ٣(
Ҷ磬ǧ
ɫȻ԰һ£Ȼ˵һʮ־ȷķλ룡
ţ
Ҷɵ˵ͷû˵ллСġ֮Ļô֮䣬Ѿ˵Щ
ǧأֻһ㣬ܽײ֮Ҷ˵ַӾ˲ƹȥ
мַգ˵Щϵĸһ㣬òȥᡣ

ʮϢʱҶɽģվһͱ֮ϡ
ǰһƬ
ⲻѰĻ𺣣ǰʥĻ𺣡
˵ģ˵Ҷվͱ֮ǰʶûܷƬ𺣣֤Ƭжô棡
ֻһػ棬ɱһ۷弶ڡ
֮ϣҶԽԽǿġ
Ҫ֪κһ֪Σ׾ա¾Է׾׿滯̸ҲڣΣ۷弶ڵΣա
滯ͱѩ顢ԷãٵûһҶҲû󷨣ҡ
ǰĻ𺣣ҶɵһοģΣϵߵսȻ˵սвõ
˵ҶˣĻ棬нӽū͡ɽ
ǣҶ֮ϣһһƬ𺣣˹ȥ

ʲôʱ򡣶ҪһŽ֮ģ
һƬ𺣡²ֻô򵥡
ҪˣҶһ̾϶Ҫš
ɱ۷弶ڵĻ棬⻹ֲ⻹ֻܽ򵥣
ͬģͨһ仰֪֮ģ޴蹵
Ҷǰڵ֡Ѿָ˲ƵҶ顣ɵģʵҶ磬㷢ʲô״
ƾһԳ汻٣ƾԼһˣˣĴ֮ڡ￴ĴգӦλƬ𺣵ĺĵشھķųȥ̽ƺ̫һ㡣
顣֪϶ԼˡѸѯʣҪ֪Լ
Զһ㡣ͿЩ𺣣״
һεģҶɼ˵ģָ֮ڡ
顣Ѿ֪ٴΡһЩǡûп
Ǿ֮Ĳˡ
ȻҶɻûͻƿǣΪںǧںԵʣľˮ׼ʵѾԸǿ߽һĳֽǶ˵ľˮ׼±ȴǿߣ
ҲΪʲôҶֱָܹħĹؼ⣬һϵָԵʡħֻҪЩ⣬ôڽ֮ǰ˳˳ˮһ·衣ֻϧԵЩûܴﵽҶɵҪ󡭡
ԱħǿˣԼܶȥͼ򣬷ҪǣֻҪҶԼӵ㲦׹
Զһ㣬ͿЩ𺣡ô˭ܱ֤ϼЩԾĻ棬ûΣմڣ˭ܱ֤Щǿȣһֱֲ䣿
֪Լ
ǣ￴ҶɵļƬ֮źȻ֣ԼȻ֪ǰˣǣȴûвµԼȻֳ˵ڶδ
Щ棬ȻԶ󷨣ﲻ⣬
ʵ̫һ㣬￴Щ棬һһصģڡǣҶɵļУңֵס˻ķʱЩԶϳˣһµ󷨣
֪Уǿ߲û˭ܲⷬģЩ棬ݻǾȻͿԣȳ̶ȣ
ھͺ֮չ
ȷ󣬲ʲô㣬Ҳʲôֱģ
ߣ˵Ǻ˼룬Ҳδɡ
ڸҶɣʶô֮£֮˺ҲѾˣ¶㣬߿ֱ
ͺѩԷԴͬһ֮塣ңǱ˿롣Уȡ˺ıʣԷಿ֣ѩ顣ȻֶΣȻ󣬲ֻ֪ضٴΣֻصֻ֮صˣط
飬㡢ֱܹȷ𰸣
Ҷ磬òᣬЩǳɡֻߣģһǿĻϵ飿ƾݵģ²⡣
һȺ飡ҶɹЦҸұ֤һΣһԣͻƿ
ЦҶɣһԾƬػߣѪӰһ
ҶʱһشػѸٰΧҶΪģγһСһģµĻ󷨡
Ȼ󷨲裬ͬУ޶¡м䣬Ѿݻ˴ҶɹЦ
ÿһ󷨣ûġ
ҶɵıͬȫΧ
֣Ϊ벽ʥɵǿ˵Щ󷨣û˿֮ԣݴ˲²⣬ҪôǣҪô֮Уӵǵ
ǣҶ˵ȴЩʽ֮䣬޶µС⿴ȥһȺ澫Ϊǳĳһ澫֮֡
һȺĹܲһȺʥɼɣ
ﻰδ䣬һػͺȻѿ
Ϳһػ֮УһƻߣԾ˵ٶȣҶɵ壡
Ҷڵ˵ǵֵˣӦʱ䶼ûС
⣬ȵҶɵıЩĪ߸֮üһСģ
ǡСġҲС
Ҷɵ֮ոհѴ˸޸Ҷɵαװ֮ոռû˲֪ٸ֮ǣڷ֮һɲǵʱ䶼ûܰȥıһεġЩٶȾ˵Ļߣ
Щûļö˶˵վȻ
αװ֮ʧܣ
Ҷ硣üսɣռλＱȫЩߵʲôڣ
ġѰġ˵ġȻָڻؿղǶʷ
ǣﶯԤ֮ؿǶʷģǶʷ̷ŻҲЩߣһȫµ壬ĳǿĴڣʩչĵܣ
֪⾳ڸԵʡͺñȣһӣҲܿһʿֶΡ
Ҫ뿹⣬͵öüս١һӦʣˡ
Ҷɴʱؾôʱ䣬Ҷɽ뼫״̬֮󣬽εȿֲ֪
ʮҶȫּ״̬֮áνġáҲֻӰ̶Ϣʱ䡣ˣҶɶüսڿʩչ
ǣһβ´ˡո˵֮Ҷɾͺԥģӻ֮У
ЩĻߣȻûг׷ɱ
ǴͱڣҶɰӿռλУ˳
Χҿ
濴ƣ
ʮ־棬ǣû˷ʱ䣬ȥ׷ԭ
ãһŬ
ŬսѾԶľ
ȻҶһ𺣣ЩһγʱԾɿһͷˮ޷⡣
ﾾĵǣһΣҶû̻
һν𺣣ǰ󲻹ͣɲǵʱ䡣һΣҶɾͺҪڻ֮УҲ
һϢ
ʮϢ
Ϣ
һʱ
ʱ
ʱ
ˮۿֱתѾԼҶ磬ѾЩûĻߣ˶ٴΣ
ݺݵҧˮûĻһһģʩչŸָĵܣҪ㿴߳
ȻҶֲ϶Ҫ棬ܿЩߵʵĿ϶ҵԤܹ֮ЩߵʵĿ
װŵȫǶҶɵΡҶɾ֪ܵȻҶ˵ˣˣô￴;Բд
ĸʱ
ʱ
ʱ
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ûԹ뷨ҲʱһһԾ˳
Ȼһʧ֮΢΢һĵģһظãղһȫ
ٶһ㣡
ǻؿʷǻؿЩߡһΣЩߵٶȣ΢ٻôһ㡣
Χĳ仯ȴٶɣޱ仯ֹķȻʣ˹
Ҷ磬ǻǻΧĿռ䣬Źڣ
ĻдԼһ֡ʱʹҶɵķֻ֮СͬʱҶҲѸٽ뵽ˣ״̬֮С
ԭ
һֱҶɣЦţһѾͽǸӰεĻϵק˳
һشػ֮УȻţһ޴ѪӰľڶ
ʱ䣬ҶɺˣЩ㶡
ڻе飬ȻһѪӰã
һΥ顣ܿа֮Уôа
ǣҲͬʱ֣ѪӰãԶԣƬ֮Уݻ
ֻ;޴ҶߵѪӰã²ǧ棬⻹кڻԾЩ֮䣬ϵУ
ǣҲûʲôʱ䣬Ҷ˼Ź⡣ոƵѪӰõ֮ʱһ׹˸ĶƣͺȻӭѪӰľ޴󳤵
֮ʱǴѪζ
ǣ׶ײʱһģȴһش͵Ļ棡
ааû뵽ﾹȻݻ
ɵãҶɵ̾䡣ȻֻһŹâĵܣѪӰߺȻӿһĲҽСѪӰãͱҶɵֶΣɱ
ѪӰõʧҶ֮ռĻ棬ҲһһϨ𣬲ڣ
ʧһֵĻ𺣣˵ѵǹ壿
壬ͬĲͬ塣һֿˣ˫˫䣡
ֹ壬ڷ˷ƷУʱܹ֡ЩƷ֮ǵʲôԵ̤ɵ֮;Ҳһᱣֹص㡣
ֻǣֻ֪ҪﵽԪӤˮ׼ֹ֮ϵͻȫʧ˵ѪӰãЩԾ棬ӵʥһ
Ƿ˼öˣԲⷽȥ롣
ǵģҶҲ˵ͷ
ɱʥһĴڡ˵ʲô顣ǣѪӰýһشػΡǽǿߵĹԼĹսеҶɣȻ޷׷ٵǿеԴͳ˵֮ĵܣӵӵЧ
һߣǿԿаʥɼ档
һߣۻ಻ѪӰ
֮䣬ӵֶΣ
ңӣҶɵĵ̽
£Ψй壬ŲЧ
ȥһƬ𺣣µø˺üʮķΧҪ֮УĹ壬ָǰ
ȥԣ֪ÿһ壬ص㡣һģ֮ܺ˵õĴڣһġֻĴڣ
˵ԽȥЩĵȼ϶ͻԽǿһΣҶɽѪӰøɱˣһΣ˭ֻ֪εǿĴڣ
һ쳣
Խǰ;գ˾ԽǸˡ
Ҷ磬ȫֹ壬ôҶֻҪܹ嵽𺣵ĺĵشܾܿսͻƿʮָ˵˵
ǰǣԵҲǰɳô֣Ѱȫ¾أΪʲôĿģΪľǣͻƿ
ҶɣҪͻƿҲһҪͻƿڼʶѩԷˣǿ󵽼㣬Ҳѽ⵽ֶΣһֱһܡ
Ҫǣ
Ŀ꣬жѪܼǱ
Ҷ磬һߣһߣǱȱȿ˭ȳ嵽𺣵ģ
ʲôСġ
ⲻһһǿȼĸ嵽ģζţҪֱԣһƬеģΪǿĴڣ
ҶɷɱǸѪӰãʥһͽ״ڡȥڵˮ׼϶ͻᲽ
ŵʥɵһأȫݻʥɶڡڣпݻʥڣ
ǣطʲôΪ֪ʥɼһأͿŰ֮أ޵ִڣ
ڵҲԻɱʥһͽ״ڡʥһнǿߣҲԼֿ⡣
ǣʥһ߽״ڣΪˡʱҶǶʥһ۷ֻбҶɱķݶ
˵ʥɶ죬ʥǿС˵ЩĹ壬ȼϵ͵ģҲӵҶɶԿֶΣ
һȣ
ôȣ
ôﶼɡǣôҲǿ
ҶЦûļֻ֣˵ͷ˵䣺Сġ
ȻȻ޷ȵģȳֱߣ˲ƶȥ
ܶʱ򣬼򵥵ԣܹͬԼ⡣
ʱԣҲһܽԼ⣬֡
򵥵֣Сġ˵Ҷʵʮֵġ
ǣ޷ȵģǰֱߵĻ𺣣ȴһԶƵ
Ҷ磬ģһŬսֶΣ
ҶȫԷľ
ʵϣڽ⴦ȫ¾֮ǰʹҶɵĿռλҶԭûд㣬Գðա
˵ڼʶΧģعֶκҶôܣս
ǣҶɲûзľΪʮġ
ԣ޷ȵȳֳ֡ˣΪģΪάһԼߵ·׵óܣξ޴ѹ
عѹֻⲿѹ
ʱʱ̣֮̿˵İΣԹľ޴ѹ
֪ȻҶɳ˲ƶȥȻԼұߡǣҶɿ϶ʱʱ̣̿ڹעԼһԼʲôԵֵΣգԼҶ磬ͻ̿񱼶ܣһ·֮ϣںεȼѣںεս
һҪŬһҶ絣ģ
ݺݵһȭͷһ˲ƵˣҲĻ𺣱Ե
ҵĻ棬һһصģʮԾšʶȥ۲죬ԲЩȡ
һΣֻʲôص֣
ʮֽģȸԼһطȻŻһƬ𺣣˽ȥ
ҪһͻƿǣΪԼĿģҶΪԼġ
㲻ʤҲҪɾķһҾ˻
ǰľѾ˵һƬĻ𺣣ʵֳһ򡣾һƬǿ壬ҲԮ֣ҲᳯЩѾ˵򡣷ʲô
ʮֻҪԼǿôͲ̫ΣաʥһͽװŵģʥɶڡԼ򲻹ѵӲ
뷨ﲽȵģ߽Ƭ֮С

ǰľ׼ʮֳֵ΢΢һ
ֻǰĻ֮УȻֱվţʮĸԼµģͨɫĹ飡
ÿһ飬Լǧ롣ʮ飬ųһķ󣬰վڣֻһڶĻ֮С
ȫεġųսӭӵˣⲻôԾȻеԾǣЩľʵ
һ죿ۻˣʲô쳣ǿĻ
ﲻ֪ǡֹʱҶҲͬڰֹ
Լǰͬʮɫ飬Ҷɾȵɹ顣ǻΪʲôҸ߲ͬ·ߡһģһ
ʱ˿̣ﻹЩ١ڲ²⣬᲻ΣգʲôԼĵط
ǣҶѾΣգЩ飡
Ի𣬿Խ׵Ĺ顣⵹ʲôԶԸĶǣΪʲôǱߣҲս
һģһҶʶ棬ʲôδڡ

죡ǵõǹ죡ҧгݵģһνǰʮ飬ޡ
ǣʮȻѾޣЩ黹һγ֡ң
һģ塭ãˣ
һΣЩոճֵʱȻ֡Ϊ֪һγֵĹ飬ʥ֮
޾âʮոճֵĹϯȥֻһ˸һֱûκξٶһشػ棬ȻҲͬʱγʮ޴ĶƣĴ󲿷ֹ赲
ǹ壬Щڻǳˣ
ϣ¶һ֪֡ˡ顣ֻЩòף͸˻Ƶâ֮УȻˣһɹĪ
ףʱԾ֮ȴʱԾںֶΣе˼һֱעսֵҶɣҲ¶һ˿ϲЦݡ
Ҷڵ۹⣬Ϊе˼ֶΣǶǷŽʥɼǿȦһ䶯ֶΡҪĴָһֶΡֶΣ𼶴ڣҲһΪ֮Ķ
ֶڣʱҾͲõİΣˡ٣ʥɶǿߣҲԶɶӰ죡
ʮԽ׵Ĺ飬ȻأǣƷҲܹʥһн׶ѡ
ûֶ֮ǰҶɻᵣģﵽܲܵʮʥһн״ڡڣҶѾ֪ȻҪӮսǻȽ࣬лֲۡǣ۲ۺεȾ޴ӵֶε;Σա
ǣҶʱר־ģԼֵģ޴սս󣨵ĸ
һδεģЩʱҶѾȺ崦𺣡һĻ𺣣еĹ壬Ȼﵽˣʥһ۷֮
ӦʥɶĵˣǰһƬģǰûκĻ𺣣Ҷɵϰʶ㡣
ʥһĵˣȻҲܸҶɴһЩսرһ·ÿһ嶼ӵһЩϡŹֵֶΡǣȵѪӰãصҶɶѰҲϵģҶɵıȴΪϲԭ򣬸ԣҶ˺
˺ͲѹҶɣǱǱҶɾͲͻƿԣǰһҶĻ𺣣Ҷɿ࣬ô
ս￪ʼ֪һʲôӵĴڣ
Ҷһţһ߲ĳȵģ߽һƬ𺣡
һ𺣣Ҷɾ;ǰһ׹˸ֻѳӲͬ򣬳Լ
Щŵĵâ̺ţʥɶ⾳⾳ľƷΣɲ֮䣬ҶڵҲ׼ȷжϳ
úã
ЩͻĳҶҲȻսⱩǡֻһ޴֮СҶɻž޴Щһͨǿġ
飡飡飡飡飡
ҶɵķЦͻĳͱҶɵľ޴˸飡
ʹ죡Ǽ
ʱҶҲѾġͨɫĹ顣Щ飬ҶڵڶУʮͬǲΪߡﵽʥɶסǸһλεĳݡ
ûнʥɵϣҲַǵأ
һΣҶ鿪˵һΣҶɷ֡˵ķʽȻȥǸδѧ˵Ļʯһޣ
Ϊûϰ⵹Ƿǳ㣡
ҶһаţһЦ˵ϻҪʲô
Ǳߣ鲻ɵ
Сӣô֪ͼ
ĬһΪǸ顣˵ܽǵأ˵е㱾¡ܰǴƬǻô
ȻһΡһϻûС
Ҷʮĵ˵ͷ⣬Ǳǳˬ
飬ѿ졣¶˸˵ЦݣСһֻܲҪܽǵšԸһһö֮ģ
˵ţǸΪ׵Ĺ飬һץһöԾŵͻ棬ͺȻˣġ
֮ѣںö֮ġö֮Ŀ԰׵ʥ֮
Ȼ챦
ûҪģֻҪ޵ǻ֮ںö֮ģ
һö֮ģλҲѵһı
˵ƿ֮
ǡ
벻Ҷ΢Ц˵ǣһҪǣشһ⡣
ã㾡ʣǸΪ׵Ĺ飬ʮˬһ֣Цʵǲǹνײ֮⣿Ƕзḻľ飬ѣһ𣡾ǲܽҲΪָ㣬пܽķ򣡡
һʮ˵ĳ롣ǣҶȴ΢Цţҡҡͷ
ֻǺܺ棬ΪʲôҸҵͬ飬ͬһսǱǸӣǲǱʱ̫ˡԣҪҵ㻨棿
ʱ䣬ЩĹͷɫ
ǿߣһϵȻΪ׵Ĺð˳ջСֶΣϷ򲻻ˡ͵ţޱ޼ʵģֲǺ
ͻȻǰ飬׷ױѿҶɾͿһ͸СĹ飬ЩƬУðͷ
ȫʥɶ죿ҶɳԾĵ˵۾Цǣõ
һӣҶɽԼѹͷ˳
ʥףǸϵУ˾棬ǿᣬ粻ڽ֣ƾƿˡٺ٣Ҫûƿһ죡
һӶʥɶôƺƵģҶɳ
ս󣡾Ȼս󣡡ҶɵУԾ˷ܵĹâЩڣѾݻ˼ߵ̡ս֮Ҳߵˮ׼
ȻûиЩս潻棬ǣҶȴѾóЩս󵥶óԸһʥɶн࿹⡣ôսһ𣬸ǿԸʥɶ߽һټϣһشػҲ͸һɹʱܹսսѹսʥɶ۷ڣҲҪһ
ҶɵʥסҶɵܺɨЩս
ý֣Ҷɾ֪𰸡ܣ
ԭվһƬ𺣱ԵҶɣȻ١ֳ֮ͺ˷˵Ŀ촬һӾͳһս֮ȥ
޴
ǸˣԾڹսҶðΪǲм
ΪǿܻЩս
ʮսΪܽеսͳͳƣ
ϷͿϷҪjjyy
ˣոŵʱҶɵЦţͽ
ǸϵУӽһЩλߵķŭ㾳ҲʥףϷҲֻһֻ
Ŷ𼶴ڣҶɹЦţһָ΢΢˹б£ɱҰҵ㣡
ţһĳš
һֱȵҶ˽սǸϵһλȻ
㼤ŭңһ֪ʲôŽֲ
ɢȥҶɾͷ֣ԼƬ𺣣һη񱩶
ǰЩ𺣣˾ˣû˵ľ򡣿ڡҶüë΢΢һƺˣʲô
սսս
ǲʲôΨвͣսҿ𺣵ܡȵԼսܹҿƬ𺣵ܡôԼͻƿ
޴һνһεģһΧɱսһһ
꣬ͺƾճһƬĿռɷһشأܹʥһǿߡĻ档һ֮У׷Ϩ
ǣҶɵľ޴ûܻսҶɵꡣҲ޷ӿ𺣡
ÿҶɼս󣬸ͳͳݻٵʱ򣬾ͻиս󣬴Ӳ֪ĵطӿֳ
ͬġÿҶɵ꣬ЩĻʱҲῴиĻ棬һƬռȻð˳
ǣҶɵʶסղűԼģǼƬ𺣣ûٴµĻ𺣡Լ·ϡյһƬûаΣմڣ
ȻˣЩ𺣣ֻǸǿߵ죡
ս֮£ҶȷԼжϡ
һƬƬ𺣡һǿߣĽһƬƬ֮УĹ塣ʵǿߡģ棡
ת֮䣬ԭܲɷֵϵ
ǿﵽԪ֮ʱͿͨݵֱ仯Ӷ֮İȵײ֮֮֮İͻںһ
ͺñȣ֥޵ľ֮Ҷ޵ļ֮֮档ڵֻ֥˾һ档ǣȴܣһںϽ
ڵ֥Ҳܹʹü֮ȵʥɣڼ֮ĵܣˮ׼ר޴˵ǿ߲
ǣ̶ֳȣ֥Ҳûܽ˫ںһ𡣡̬ȣҪص֮һ
ֻеȵ֥֮Żᷢı䡣ʱָֻ֥ȥΪƵĽģΨһڣֻ𼶵ǿ߲֪οɰжôĿֲ
𼶴ڣںϡǣ죬ȴȷ롣ܱг״ôѸٵģЩ񣿡
ûЩλ𼶴ڵ
һʥɶãǿʥɶܵĻ档ǣȫλ𼶴ڵ
ǣΪλ𼶴ڵݻ
ǣλ𼶴ڵĸ֮λ𼶴ڣʵūͣ
һڡǣ֮䣬ȴǧ˿Ƶϵ
ϵȻǸĸ֮ϵλȻԳ֣ǣ־Щڵ뷨ҪôЩ֮ͻôȥ
Σ֮䣬гĸ֮ģһϵ
ڣǿɣ޷ƣƵߣôλ𼶴ڣҲչЩĻ𺣣ɹָֻһڣעһڣܽɢȥӶָһ𺣣
˷Ҷɺﶼսôһ죬ЩʧĻ𺣣³֡Щʧ˵Ĺ壬Ҳһγ֡ڣλ졣Ļ𺣣չĸԶҲСĹ
ĴڣֶΡﲻϾᣬǲԿǻˣ
ҶɰţԽսԽ֮Ƭ(һ
𼶴ڣԿǵȻܻ
˵ǰǰҶɸû˵ϼ仰ѾҶҲԿǻˣһϵ
ŴţҶɾ;Щ̫Ծ
񡭡΢ǿôһ㣿
ս󣬻һشطĻ棬ǰǿһ㡣
νġһ㡱ǧڷ֮һǣҶbtļֻҪܿüĶǲϸ΢һǧһ򱶣Ҳһܹ
ҪǶһѪӰҾ޷ֱ仯ٺ٣Ʋ
һ·ɱҶɳ˴²²𺣵Ҳ²²ˣѪӰãΪʲôӵôǿ֮ܡλǿߣ߳ŭ֮ľٶҲҶȷˣԼж
϶ݻ֮ƬĺġԣѪӰòƾƣǵЧǲ۹⻹Ҫһߣ
ǰЩսһһսͿ񱩻棬Ҷɰҡҡͷҷʡ
ڣѾԡλ𼶴ڣΪ˱ҶɣʩչʲôһһģԼǵսҶҲѾ¹ֻҪԼĵǣ֮һսôԼͺٴһƬУ
ǣҶɸǣλܹЩɫĹǡǸѪӰƵ֮ܡ˵սˡǵս֣ԼҲ
ǸԿǲûл𼶴ڣΪʲôõã
ǣҲã
أ֮ƬԶʥɼڵ֫Ƭʮ򣬾Ȼû׼ȷжϳһҾܹ³ɣ
ܹݻ𼶴ڵ֮Ƭ̺ŵĵ⾳ֻʥ۷֮ѡ
ǣܹݻ𼶴ڣֶ߱Ρ֮Ƭӵеĵ⾳ʥܾ߱
𣬾𣡲ңѰˮ׼
Է档ڡҲһʹ֮أռ䣿
λԷΪ˱ܻòټ͵ɵ֮ҡԼûа취
˵֮صĸ󾳵УƬ𼶴ڵ֮Ƭʲôϡ棡
սʤ𼶴ڣС֮ƬҾͲˣƿô׺ܵסĺ
սһĵˣҶɷǵûκεģսڣ˷
ƿ֮þòͻƣ׻˴ѹѹֻ˴ջ
һΧʱؾĥ˼ĸ·ǿǣ֪Ĵ𰸡
ǣȻԶԶԽƿ硢۹ҲѾԶԶԽƿƫƫǣռλ޷ͻƿֻ˴һ֣ѹջ
û֪ǸҶΪܵŮҲ֪ǧ˼ݻ֮ܣҶɵջֻһֱ𼶵ѹ
ԣҲ֪Ҷɽ¾أʮʱ棬ʵһֵʧǣ¾ĥҲܵõٸջǣﲻϧܴΪۣһƬ𺣡пܣŤͷˡ
ãûаװ˷ѵλᡭ
ǰЩս˲ǧڷ֮һĵǣҶɵǣ¶һ˿ҵ΢ЦȻ΢ЦȻһйֶΡ
ףλĻָս𼶴ڣԾİ뵽СӣòᷢҵֶΣ
ţλ𼶴ڣææģһ飬ҪҶɵ·
ֻҪһʱ䣡ֻҪټһʱ䣬Ҿܰ쵰СӣҪ֪С۹˵áҾ͸һģ뵽һƬٳֶԸ
ȻԼЩʧߣǣλ𼶴ڣԼȥ飬Ϊš֪ȻЩɵս󣬲ܽҶɸƬ֮Сǣһʱ䣬⻹ǲ
رǣʱ˿̣Ҷɲûг
Ҷˡ
λ𼶴ڣʮҵ뷨ոðʱ򣬺ȻҶЦ
˵λ㷸󶯸ɸҲˣǵս㹻ˣս
ս㹻ˣս
ʱ䣬λ𼶵ĴڣЩմջ𣨵ڶ
ϻ
ûȻ˼ұĪĶƴСĵطǣ˼ҵľ۹⣬ûܿСӵľ
Щմ𼶴ڣɵһεģ£ϸϸҶɵ״
ʥû
ЩŹ֣ܱܿһǿ֮ʱֲ𵽾ԵáսԽʥ죬Ѳɣܴﵽ˼ҵˮ׼
ռλ֮ͬС֮ûܴﵽ˼ҵˮ׼ΪĪƣʵ
ѵʲôŹ֣˼ûпģ
ȥ𼶵Ĵڣ;ԼӺͿˡ
ҶҲЩͿ
ôսˣǣҲƭȫȫģڻ
ܳʱ䣬սǧڷ֮һˮ׼Ϊ𼶴ڸҪȵʱˣȻһ
ҶҲʮһսʵϣλ𼶴Ҫġֻλĳأԣû취͡ڲϻȴʱҲ޿κεģôһй©˳
ԣҶɶԼ²⣬ԼΪǺ˵˵ϡ̶Ƚϵʱй©̶Ƚϸʱûйĵ
ιιλ㲻ˡҸҴ˰ɣ
ˣ
ǸЩմ΢΢һ㶡оһŭӿ˳
ϻΣӲˣȥǸСѾͷ
ֱڡǱߵûаʮһաλ𼶴ڶ۹⣬ȻóﻹǱھﻹھǿսս˵ʮˣܹȫȫĻѾ漣
ߣСѾͷܲҲǰϻ˰ɣ
һŭ˵á
ҶһŭԷƵɱԼͻƿ
ǣҶȣ̫Զ̫Զ¾ʮ飬ֻǧڷ֮һսҲܸв
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ԭѾþƣÿҪҲס˵;ǰһڡ
Ҷ硣ܣǵÿȡ
ᡣֹס
ܣʵ̫ܡΪʲôҾͲҶæΪʲôֻҶĺȣ
ǰսϣʮ顣֪ԼȻپǣԼȴԲ
ﲻ£ֻǾãԼܣ
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ʮ־ɥǷϵʱҶº͵ķֻ֮УȻ
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ҶҵǱ
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䣡
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ͬģλ𼶴ڣҲòšڣѾֻëһವĴ
һζ򣬾Ϳսǵ˳̶ȣСӣǲڰе
ҪҶڰʲôֶΣһоʮֺȻ
ǡ
׳գλ𼶴ڣͿҶɳϣָ
ϷҪж˿飡
㲻ָ֪ʲô˼ٰ׳յĴڣҲܲµóԲʲôöڣҶɳɹλ𼶴ڣ׼ŭ
ǰֻСС֡Ӳ̣
Ҷ̤ƽսһƬʱɫģվһƬģ֮ǰ
һƬȫʥɶ߽״ڡһڸһڸʥɶ߽״ڣСӣеͽϷһҪʬΣǸϵʱ˿̣Ѿñŭ͡
Сö԰ڡҶȴмЦ΢΢ҡҡͷҪܰߣҾͻͰƿϲ¥ҪçײȥͻᱻʥɸҪΪѣħΪ㲻ûһǧɣ޷ļƻǣһѵֻܵĳȼƻ
Ҷɵһͨ䣬λ𼶴ڣɵôһԼúúõļƻԼķﻮ˺һʱļƻ˸ˣ
֮䣬λҶʩʩȻ˵
磬ֶΣֻҪԻļԪڣ˭ܹ
𺳣ݺݵıһѣ
磬ôʣǸϵģ
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ٺ٣Ҿջ㣬ܰôҶɴЦҲҪ㣬һҪ㣬ĸԸģΪūͣ
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ǣҶΪ˳ħȴòȥһʱ䡣Ҷڵսˮ׼Ҫӻѻɽ۷Ҳһ׵顣
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ħǴһȻ󣬾ʹϲˡ
ԼڵֻܽʮѡֵطֻԼջ
ħʮ˷ܵġһͷ˻Ҷ֮⣬ϥ¡ϰڸֻ꣬ͬʱʱؾ֮С
һֻ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣ϰڵֻһܹʡһЩʱ䣡
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νšϰڸֻͬʱܰ쵽顣Ҫֻһֻ꣬ҶɾͲ֪ţԼ͵ڵʲôʱ򡭡
󷨣ϸݳײͻʱ֮Уγһ󷨣
ⲻѰ󷨣֮УȰǧҲ򣡡
ǧҲͰˣҪЩΪһײϸ澹ݳµı仯һΪţ͵ȸЩ±仯
һ𼶴ڣЩݳʲô¶ҶҲģڶʱڲͨ͸ǣϸǺεȴڡһʱ֮һʱ䣬Щ±仯ҶҪЩ仯̸ס
ʵϣֻΪţֻΪһšҲòȥˣʮʱ䣡
ڸˡҶʮҵİԸ̾ʱؾ֣򣬻ֹֻôʱ䣡
ϰڸֻ꣬ʱؾЩ±仯Ҷɷŷ֣Щ±仯ںϽˣʱ֮ĵܡʱؾı仯Ȼ°빦Ҷɴ档
ʲôţ£ǧʱ䣬ܹһ鹣Ѿܲˣ
ڲЩ±仯УҶԽԽ֣Լ沽Ĺƣ̫ǳһЩǰŵƲ⣬ڻͷֱһЦ
ҶʮңԼħ˹
ҶɸңԼܹȲ
ƣϸ治ΪһףɱѻȴڵĲĿģΪӵУֱɱǼؼ֮صֶΣ
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ȴڶʲô飬Ҳ
һʱ䣬Ҷɣ
ֻǣҶɻ֪ǣҪԵսҪԵĵˡʹϸȳȻڣҲ֮⣡ʱ˿̣Ҷϵõһ·䱳󣬻Ÿģܣʦϣ
㣬ǸɴǰһǸãҪæԮ֣طҲǻ¶
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ĬһԷЦҡҡͷԹʧˡҵɡ
ǰǸ°⣬ʼʽǸҶɣѩ鳤̾һҲǵ

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ʱڲˣЩı仯֮עȫ֮ϡ
󷨣Ҫ̤׼ͱ󷨣
֮ҲѧϰΨһ;
Ҷһ·йѧӣ֮Ȼԡ󷨣ͲֲҲǸʣܹͬǿΪ֮̾
ǣҶȴ󷨴ʦʦһȣر𣬲Լ㡣
ν󷨴ʦ󷨣һ׶ؼԼݷӴ󷨰˶ֵֻҪʱԣ󷨴ʦ϶ܹݳų
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һо󷨣ֱԼ൱ڣЩ󷨴ʦˮ׼Ȼ󣬾̶֣沽
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һͲֻѧһ沽ǿԼԱ仯£һףײ֮ϵģ沽
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ǣҶ˵ȴʲô¡Ͼ֮У󷨴ʦĶؼȫУ
ð۵󷨣ֻҪʱ䣬ӦÿﵽʱҾ൱󷨴ʦͿԿʼǣȻѾħΪʲôҪֹڴˣΪʲôǰ
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ҶɵĵૣһֱעѩԷŮһ
㣬ҪɾʦҪһײǰǲӦôôԷЦţ΢΢ҡͷ
ԷǲţҶɿԳɾʦһرԴ쭣Զʤ֮ԷҶɵʵֶΣһ˽⡣ֻ֪ҪҶ룬ɾһʦҲʲô顣
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Ҫǣѩķһʱ䣬һײҶɵʲô̶ȣաһ沽
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ԷЦǿҶɵǱ濴ҲͲͬѩ鶨µǸ֮Լ
ԷЦֻǲ뿴Ҷɰװ˷ʱ䡣ϾѾ֪ҶЩǱڵĵˣǲܸҶ£ķչʱ䡣
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󷨻ǣǿ
Ҷɻδ䣬ξѾʧٿȥʱıȻվ֮С
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ںȻ֣ѻȻԶ֮ҶɸɴͲԼжϣ󷨵ĸоȥߡ
ʱڴͺǻһ㡣˫ᣬɲ֮䣬ַɵֻѻͷϿա
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ǣȴӲһιֻǧڷ֮һɲ֮ҶɾͿֻѻȻ䣡
ɱ
ЦݣҶɵϸֳ㲻һײԼҲѾһնɱѻ
û뵽ɾʦ֮ҾȻܹ󷨡ȥҵĶԵ˼·̫խһЩ
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ǣΪ֮أ޷ƳֿԳԽƷƵĵ
ǣԼ˼·̫ˣȻֱ˵ģͽİ취ϸϣȻܲʡ
ҶɵĿ⣬ֻĻѻƿȥĿ⣬͸ʱؾĿеģǡǹáλ濴ȥҶɣ(һ
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ҶʦȻҲֻСģȥ˵ĲΣҲ᲻ˡ
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һƬûǿ֮УҶȻյһ׼ȷϢ
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ֻҪܹϵģһٲʽš
γʮ⾳ͬ󷨡ҪǴﵽٲγɶ󷨣Ҫǣʦ֮ܣЩһһ仯ȻٽЩһһǲǣƾ֮ܵһֻѻ
Ȼֻ̤ǣҶȴѾˣԼʤľ󡭡

㣬Ҫ仯󷨡֪ܲɹ仯ԷЦȻѩССһ£ǣԷǲѩжϡ
ڿ϶ܡѩ΢Цҡҡͷ
ȻѩܿҶɡǣȴǿڵҶɡ˹ϸķ
ҪԼƳϣ͵ýǼսСʱӦá
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ֻҶϢһٴ̤֮Уݻʮ󷨣⾳ȻѾ仯
ôܣѩеãȻģ૵
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ǣԷ˵ȴһܡҶԽأǱԽǿԽܹ⣬ԼΪʲôʧܡ
㣬ѹ޷ֻؽռλ֮ԼԭСӾȻô

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ڣѩȻǲھ͸Ҷɣڸ߾ܡԷʮ־Ҳеš
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Ҷ֪Լ̤ͬȻӵļˣǿڵŨŨս⡣ֻ֪ԼԼı֣ǳġ⣡
϶Ǳھ򣬵ﲻˣ
˼·ϰڸʶݡҶɵĽţٳȥڵƺֻݵ̶ֳȡ
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ҶѾۿֻ·ܶܶˡǣÿһιۿ᲻ġ̾
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Ҷɵ΢̾ţ沽˿
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ǣѻʱ䲢ıܷӦֻǱʮ󷨴˼ɲǵʱ䡣˫һǻ壬ͻһ컡ߣʮУ
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ѻĵһսҶɾ͵Ϯ޹֮ǿƵĻѻòѡԶݡһΣҶɲϢʱ䡣
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ȻҶɻǽԴֻѻ͸Ǻ·ԣ
ֻǣҶɲûѡǰʲô󷨡ҲûѡԶݡֻɶɲǵʱ䣬ְ̾ԼϰõĲ̤
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һֱȵԪɼǿߵ壬Żʱ䡣ʱ䣬ǹ̷Ϊ壡
ΪΪΪ֮
̷Ϊ壬ǽԼͨ͸ķںϽԼ֮Сȵһ̣֮ǿҲͽ׵֮
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ѻȻ仯Ҷ˼·󿪣Ȼס
һΪֻҵĿռλ棬ҵĸֻ֮꣬صǿ**ʵϣҵĵ壬Ҳһ֮
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Ȼͱǿˣ
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ڣҶɲֻѻ
һܡˡΪ
ڶ󷨡˳ɱѻ֮ˣԼ©˶ǿֶΡ
ѻ׷õӡǣȴѾˣȻԼףԼȻȱݡջ񣬶ǰ˵
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ﰵԽкţﰵڸҶɹľղҶɲһĻûпڣҪúÿղŵ׷ʲô飡
ʮ󷨰ҶôһӾͲģ

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ҶɾҪ֣һսͻơļԭҶΪ㿴֣Գ֣ҲٿһЩΣճ֡ЩΣ֮УԼᵽ֣ǹζ
֣СĽҲҶЩɶУͷԡ֪ԼĲ̫ˣ֣ص̫
΢üͷһҶɹһ
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Ϊ˻øĹ׵㣬Ҫ׸ĵرĵøһǧǿķΧͻԽԽʱվͻԽԽࡣ
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ǱߣҶɻڰһЩˣΪ˽蹬÷һŵģǻ棬ٳ֡
ߡ֣Ѿ㽣Լõδ

ͨɽȵĵ·ߵʯڣβ׶ɡʶȥ̽ɽȣޣ֪ɽ֮У϶ա
ôŨľϵԴζȻǲоƷľϵԴҲУƷľϵԴйıޣҳԽѰ벽ʥɵĹСһ㣬ٲɡٺ٣ҪǾƷľϵԴƾһҾӵʮʱ䣡
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ɫӣһϮɫϸףǿ߱ʵʵ
ҶɵĻū˼ԭȾ̫͵֮⣬󲿷֣ԵǸռ䣬Էͺ˵ľϸѡǿҲ⡣
ǿߣ˵ǡǱѾںƶ֮ˡҪҶʹЩģһգǿ߻ܼΪǿװ
ֻɫϸףѾ֣Ľۺ졣
ƷǾƷңְʲô⾳ľƷɱһСһЩãܹȷۼȱ
ƷҲͰˡ֣ȻĽĽۺ졣ϾѾɹɱ۷弶ڡǵĴռ֮ǰ֣ҲѾŵӵģ͵˼ƷƷ
ǣ⾳ĵͷǳѵˡΪʲôҶɿõȡģΣƵԵʡ
ۼףǾֻ֮ĹֶˡãҪȥĵطǿľϵڡҾЩľϵúõķһΡٺ٣˭ܲµõڹ͵Ϯ
һƬɽȣǻѾʮңԶһǴڣһص׵ĸض֮С֣ʮţãԼ̵ģһۼ׸ҲᱻҶɷ֣
Ǹǿ߶ˣһƶξͺ˿֮С֣һط࣬ϵǿߵ˶켣
⾳ǿϵǿߵƶ
֣ģǼɫۼ׵áʱ䣬͡
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Ǹǿߣոսɽ֮ʱ֣ͺȻʩչЩľϵǿ쳣ıֶΣ
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ֻǸǼϸף֣;һĵоʶд˷ڲϡ
ָ֣֪оʵԵ򡣾ͺͲ֪ΣѾϮ
ϧˣҪǸһûԱҲ𻵵ȳ̶ȡ֣΢΢ҡԴһģУҲźû뵽Ȼһ˵ǿߡԺ࣬ż
ʱ˿̣֣֪Ѿûκλᡭ

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ʱˣѾĽ֣ΧǱĲǵһҰɴ
ǵһʱؾ֮⣬ֱȽϴģ
ҶɵһֶΡھ֣ʱҶɾʶ֣ģԼǰ֮ĵˣ
ԣҶϣܹһЩֶΣԱҪʱͻʩУ˵ʤ
ǣҶɾ;ˡΪѾȷ֣ȻܹصǱܣ
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ҶɵɫȻʮѿ
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еĶʶͳͳͶ˹޴ݻ֮С
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һ·ߣѸٱҶɲȥǺɫ쫷ӲӲҵ˼£ͳ嵽˸ߵĵطȥ

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ȷ֪ܿΪصıٶȣѾԽԽ죡
ҶҲԽԽˣǱζȻǿļҲûҵͻƵĽݾòǿ塣
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Ȼ˵ҶΪĥԼһ˿ԼĵˣܴӺ֮УҵԼı֮ڡ
ǣҪѭһ˿ڲӿֳļ֮СҵҶɵıҲҪķѲʱ䡣ˣǳ¼ǵû׷ҶɣģҶԽԽԶ
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챦ǣҲһѡ񣬸ս˭֪ĶСӣʩչεѪѪǱѰƺ⾳ֶ֮ΣܿܣѾˣԽƿ⾳Ϣ
ѪѪأ֮ǰǳսѪ塣ԼnѰȳ
ҲйݺǿߣѪѪ֮У˳Խ𼶵⾳ЩǿߵĴ˵ȴ˳¼ĶѾζȥ¼Щ˵һ֮ԱǣԶﴫΪš
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ƺҲǸֶκ֮ˣĺǣȴѡա

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ǳʣҲҸԱ濹⣡
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𼶿ܣͻȻԱʱ¼ͣˣǼ챦еĵעãҶˡ飬ƺ
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Ψһźģ⼫ս޷ƣԼıΪԼܳʱļսͻ᳹ʧЧ
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ԭѾƽģһΣǳ¼꣬һεġ߻ħķ򣬺ݺݵ̤ȥһ󲽡
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һֻ̣֮ںĽ֮ǰǳ¼е챦ĿƺҪ̳ȥǿ
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Ψһ꣬ûҶɵģ粢ģվһ
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Ҷɺͺ֮⣬һпܲ漶챦ģˡǣĵҲѾȷѪѪܣյģȲҶɡʱ侫ȥоʲô漶챦
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ԣҶ˵ǣûʲôôֻǵָԼǺ⣬ΪʲôôڣǼ漶챦
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صģ΢΢˵ͷʼȼա

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ǼҶǧ࣬ҲֻƳɹһΨԸ¼ڣһ
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ˣļ֮ʮ˵áͺڸ˻ҳƵã¼棬Ƶģ˵֮У˱ϢأǣһֱûжõģֶΡҪǣģʩչһֶΡϷͣʧȥӰ٣
ȻҶɵϣ¶һ˿
ѵûб᣿

¼棬ſ죬Ц(δ1220.¼ģĿ
Ҷɵɫʮѿ
ԭƺ
û¼Ц˵ãҪǣΪ˰Ҳ̵ҾԲᣬ˷ôྫ
Ҷɵɫ
Ҳ˵Ϊ
Ȼ¼Ц⣬ɭ˵ǼǱʻһôҪԳ֣ٺ٣ΪԣҲŻԳ֣
Ҷüͷ
һУȥ߼
ȥɳǣ졢ĽǣҲһ֪
ɳɱˣķʱٲ˵ҲûУ¶ѪѪйص⾳
ǣ¼棬ȻͶ׼ңѲɡ
ҶɵУ΢˸
ѲɣȥУʲôܣ
Ψͣ˵ͨҲΨͣΪʲôΪһСֱ¼棬ȻǵԸ
ԭҶģֵĻɡڣڵõ˽ܿ͡죬ҶɵüͷҲչ
ԭһͷ
䣡
ǳ¼棬;ãԼҶɣݺݵػһӡɫȻáʮѿ
ô֪
ı壬кѣҶɲΪȻģʼ磬棬Ѹ١ǳɹƺҲѸٵģɡֶΣ̰ԵļΪ˭ó
Сӣһף
ǳ¼档Ŀ˸ģҶɡ
˵˸Ŀ⣬͸ҶļֱӶˣҶɵı֮ϡ
ͼԱᾳ硣Ϸһ
ͼʲôͼҶʵֻжͼҪȥ

飡
¼ȻһȭҶļ˲һȭֳ֮ɣ˳һͨҶɵıɱȥ
Ҷɫ䡣̼黯ѪǰһɹӴȭȥ
һ󷨣ҲȻˡҶɵ֮ǰ
Ҷ߱ѷֳٸԼ֮ÿһ壬ŨϢ
⻹ꡣ
еʩչʱյһƬʱգŪø쳣
һڰķһΧһ⵽ЩͻὫǹǣʱȥ
ǣ
顭
һ죬˷ֻգ۵ʱ䣬ҶзȫȻҶмͳͳΪޣ
ҶɵıҲҲ̶õģһȭ֮عѣѪ磡
ٸһλᣡǳ¼棬վȫûУ׷õ˼ͼԱᾳ磡
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ȻѰ·Ǿ͹ֲĺ
Ȼ¼棬״
ͿĲϣһһϸСÿһ֮ϣˣһͷ­
Ҷɷһͷ­Ļͷģɼͷ­һޣ
ҪΪǼֻɡ֮סսܹȡƬأ
Ȼ仯ĳ¼棬еÿһ֣Ҳ̺ӴӴ⾳һ֡еģɭеģѪȣеģƻеģãһģֵͬγһƷֶεģʽ֮ϣȻҶһײž˵
⼪һ㣡
ʱҶȻ壬ָ˻ղһӣȻģҡǣҶǿ˵ֻҪռλδƣָܻ
ΨһҶɾǣ⼪ȻԼԼģд͸ռλϣԼλף
ҪΪɱ֮£˵õǼܹռλķжǿҲ赲ˣǼ
䣡
һȭҶɵıҵһȭ׺ޣ
һҶһεģ۳ˣϣҲ¶һ˿ɬЦݣȻ߽ȣһˣ̫Զ̫Զ
һսǣȻһսҶҲʮսذܣ
Ϊ
ԭѾм
ǸȻˣʮͷ­ļʮϣʱ¶ˣɫ
㣬Ȼ

ⲻǷϻtnndģһһǼ㶼ܴмˣѲɣ֮Уߴڲɣ
ףǰ飬˸塣ǣȴе壬ȫͬ
ÿһǶĸڡ
ÿһ֮䣬ûʲôѪԵϵ
ǣطǣռ䷨һ֡
ˣ֮УԲᣬʲôߡҲᣬĿ˵
ΨУһֿԡǾǣͷʮռλһͷ(δ1221.㣬ߴ·ĸ
ףд˵Ψ⼪Ĵ˵Ϊ̡
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ڣı塣²⣬ûκοɹ²ķˣڼı崫˵ֻôĸ֡
δ֪
һͷҪˣû˼ı壬Ƕôϧ
ԣơ
ԣ߽׵Ŀֲ
Ҷɣǵη塣ǣ˵⻰
ʵǣ̫ˡãҶɱ㣡
ԾɲֹģҶɵĿռλ棬Ҫɱȥ
ʱҲѾ֣Լı޷ҶɵĿռλ档ƺҪһ£ط
ܴҪǣӴ͹ԹԵģͼԱᾳ硣ңٸһλᣡ
ҶɹЦͨ뺣Ѿ֪¹ٴΡ
Ǽʮ΢һźģͷ­ͷˣһĺС
ֻһĺУҶո۳ıһεģ顣ȴڣҶɵԵùС
Ҫ֪Ѿݾܹ㣡ҪΨгң
ʮĵģȰҶɡҪǣҶɵҶɵľҶյģֶΡô;Բᣬ˷ʱ䡣
⼪Ȼǣ֪ǣʵѾ˷ѵ̫̫Ļᡣ
ԭ⼪ǲġһкãǣװı˾Ҫϼѡ
Ҫǡ⼪ǰĳ뷨˼ӡֱסȴƺԮôҲͲԣɵľ棬ҲͲᱻҶɲ³ıĿ
ǰɥʧĻᣬкܶܶࡣֻɥʧҲԵɡ
ɡǼ츳ͨǵɣʲô֮ǵɣǸɾģɵĶɣԼһɲ֡
Ǻ飬ס˼룬ûʲô߿ԡʲôĿ֣˼룬ͺǸĿˣȫһ¡
кô˳¼治֪ٸꡣǣ¼ȴûܹ
ҲлΪ¼˼άŵɥʧˣöҶɵĻᡣ
һΣڣԳ¼Ŀ֡ʱգвʱʶԼ˼άģʽòǳ
ǣȴûʶԣҶڵʱ˵䣬˵
˵Խ࣬͸¶ϢͻԽࡣ
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Ҫȥĵط쳣ãиļһıߡǿǣɵЩһȴֻܸṩֳɵĵܣ
󡭡
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⾳磬޷̫ã
һ仰ʯ쾪
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ڣֵ˼
һ䣬Ϊûг־õѹƣ˿޷־ãԼܹȥ
Ҷɣȴ𾪲࣡
㱬ؾͻʮ˥ԭƻҪôǽ赶ɱˣҪôɱ֮תͷƺʲôڣֲԼĿ𡣡
ҵȷݾǣҲһݾҰױһ̡㣬һͷᱻңƳһޣ
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еĵ⾳ȫһֻ۾֮𣿡
׿ţһֻۣҶɲĴ澴η˼
Ȼ·ߴˡǣȴǣˣԽϴ
νԽϴ
ڵҶɣʱ˵ǣԿ϶
κε⶯κεֶΣԽ֮֮ܣгɽ󷨡ϴУŵݡ
ȻֻǱ󡣸һǣЩϡͳͳΪһ塣ͺעὫʮ򲽵⾳Ϊһ壡
ֻ۾ֻ۾ǣҪб仯Ϊһ塣Ҫе򣬹ΪԴ
ΨУԼձԴܣԽ档֤ϴֻϧĿȻˣǣ·ȴǧƫƫѡһʺģ·
ѡˣԼ츳ȥڡ
ÿһ͵ڣ塣ΪֻҪԼɵ㹻ࡣôܽǧ¡
ΪֻҪЩ֮Ϊһ塣Լ̤һΪ鷳ڣβܣش¡
Ϊ˴ﵽĿģϧȥԼͬࡣ
Ȼ˵κεĸСϾе֮䣬κѪԵϵ
ǣѪԵϵΣ
˼䣬˳˵飬ʤ
ᣬıֿ飬ǳԼ
ҶɲûУվʲôƸߵϣȥӼֻǣΪ⼪еֵ
߶·ܿܣͣͻƲ࣬Խ棡
һΣֵҶɵ֮УִУֲ⾳
ҶɵĻҶɵĻ֮⾳ͺһĪħһ㣬Ǳ仯ļûеһʱ䣬
ֻǣתţһֻĪ۾ģҶɡͺҪһֱ㣡
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ҶɵġǣǼȴƫƫʮţ֮࣡
Ҷɵ֮ڼ
Ǽ֮ԶȶЩǿߵ󣡡
ԭӦ¡ȥ׷̥ǡõľǣתǣȴƫƫѡˣмӣģ̫
㻹ôǿߣѵ֪ı壬ⷨһ֣ѵ֪츳ܣʵطһ֣ɵԽ࣬㶯õܴԽࡣط֮䣬ҲԽ࣬ҲԽ
۾ҶȵںϣܹɹûϴΪŷںϣԲŴ۷壬һ·䣡
ɱ̾ɱ̾ǣ㣬Ȼ򣡡Ҷɷ̴ЦȻǿںϣޡޣǣĴڡ̵Խ࣬Խң
ѾǣʲôܲͻƲ࣬ԽˡѾǣܹܲȫ⣡
٣Ҷид֪Ҫ淢ŭˣ֣ʲô飡
ϲ֮ҪԳ¼ݣǳϣΪ׷ٵһЩһЩڳԽʲôͼҲ֪ҲûСܲµõǣ
ƨҶɺݺݵһÿǿߣÿǿߵĶе·Ѿҳģ㻹Ҫȥѧϰ˵ĵ·ȥ˵ĵ·ѵò죿ЩĴ
ЩûģΪ⼪ĴǣҶĴʾ䣬⾳ȴѾҪ⼪Ĵ
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Ŀ磬Ȿ޵ʱգøӹĪ⡣Ҫ㣬߽ײΪ
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ҶɵҲǿⲻԼϸ棬ʱֶΪģֲ
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ǣǴ˵ȿ磬ҲƣҶɵĿռλ棡
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ǣֻпռλڣҲ޷ֹʩΪ
ͿǼľ޴ۣһ˵СҶɵλ棬ۼžҪɾ޴ɽȥ
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ҶɵĿռλ棬ҶɵĿռλ档λȴӸλ֡һһģܽҶɵ
ˣǲһϸ棿ħʵ
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Ҫ֪ħҶɵĿռλ֮ǣյĸλ棬⼪ôħͻɣˣ
˶ѣҪ֪ħʱؾƿߣ
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ʺҪԺҪԵҲҪǣܶͽ״ڶˣʱжôҪ
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ˣ֮ǿǿǿڣʱ䣬ʵǹˡ˾㣬ϸȫִ¡٣ҲӦһϸ档άϵ˵Ŀռλ⣬Ǽɽȥ
飬Ѿֵ󡣶诣пֻܱҪܹԶһʱ䡣ȻΣ
ңôûģҶɵȻЦţ΢΢ҡҡͷħӦѧǣġȥչ
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ѵʱ˻ʲô취ɣ
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֪֪ҪǵϢȻڣһͷ
û뵽ĹִΪȻһֶΣ
ϢϢٺ٣һ£Ϣ
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ˣȻʱ䲻ôʹƾֱ
ҶһԾˣǸߴ¯֮С
һ룬ҶɾѰˣһϤģϢ
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ҶɾͺܵĲһɼϢǼ塣
ڣҶɽһϢֵʱļ壬ҲȻӦˣҶ飡
취ҵıꣿΣ
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ʱҶɵüͷͽ
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һ޷ѣҵƣ
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Ҷɵ͸ϢļˣǼ
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㲻⣿
Ҷɵһδ͸ˣ֮УȻҲˣĵģ⾳ܣ
ֻǣһΣҶֻ˵ĸ֣;þòԡ
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⣡
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־漶챦֮еϢȻһ֣־
Ҷɣô쵽ġΪʲôҵϢһ㣬Լ־

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ÿһͷµļ֣͸оԼ˼֡
ÿһͷµСɱܸоԼٶȣȻӿ죡
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ڣΪ޷жϣǵϢ֮ϵΪ޷жϣҶɵֶΡҪ״̬ϼѣ
诣ܿͻӦҵĴڣˣӲ
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Ҷھ͸ıǰ֮·ôһƳ֮䣬ǧ£ͿȷԼԽ棬֤ϴ
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Ҷһףڻʯ󣬳ʮ˲ڴ۶ȥʱ˿̣֪Ӧգںη

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˼ʱԼʱԼѾ֮ĵһְ취ΪԼҪıѪħÿ첻жڵľķ֮⣬ţҲдְ취
ֻǣʲôӵķţҲûа취һƬʬɽѪ֮У

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Ҫ֪ǿߣעռλֻзǿߣһ̶֮󣬱仯Ρȴ֣ǿһ̶ȣ仯״
ǣЩǿߣҪһЩģ״򣬾ЩǿߣѰʱҲһεķʽദ
ദʱ򣬷Ҫ¶ΣҪԱδڡҪôҪ˶Ҫô֣ΪĴڡ
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ķͬΪУҲֻǣ΢΢üûжԡ
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ܺã֣۸һȽ˸ڲռ䣬Ǻÿ
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ĪҶʯŽǸīȻͰǸˡò˶ʱ䣬ͻ֣
ȫһ֣֮һ֣֮Ҳԭͳյģʮ˲֮ãøӼѡ
Ҫһתת
һռ䣬ǳ޴൱ڣǱҶҲѾ֣һռ˼ɨӹȥԼȻûз֣κһͨµͨǣȻܶռ䣬Ҳڣ
ҶҲԺúоһҲ˵оܹջ
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һĿ꣬ҪʵͨоԵҲһ֣ʮѰֶΡ
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ҶɵĻشն
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Ҫ֪ҶһͣսȿսǱصĿսȻңŤתƣڣյʤ
ҶɣĽˣʱؾ֮ºһȣԣĿսҪֱǿĵˡҲᡣԼв
ҪԼĿռλ棬Ǿ޴Ķ֮УҶһв
һεвǺǿҡȵص͵ϮߣȫҶɵ֮ȫϸʱյ˫رֱӹҶɵıԴֱʱҶɲһεģˣв
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ǳ¼棬ԳŵıǿƶݵսȴҶԡ֮⾳࣡
ȵˣߵĪϮҷǵԡ֮⾳дࡣҸǽɻʯѣ˻֮
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ҶնĻش֮󣬻ʯƵͷǣ΢΢һüͷ
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ڻʯҶɻΪ߹ԼڵԣŻնжϡ
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֮ơ㿪ԵҾ㡣ǣȻѡıƣ
һ֮󣬻ʯŵĿǣͼӿٶȣīڵĵطȥ


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˺ûܲǻī׶ʲôֶΡ˵ʮ߽״ڡǾ󲿷֣īµһʱŤûܷ֣
ҶǿǣȴҲܡңԶҲֻܹǿīĽЩǣҪϸ鿴ʱһŤʱգѾָ
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ȫûзԼ͵ʧӡͬǿ֮䣬ʧӣǾ͵ڣҰһΣ
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ͷǣˡȻͷǣ̫СǣôҲǣ߽״ڣ
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лүү
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˺ʱ˿̣ǻҲ΢Щ仯ҲûУΪֻһڣ
ʱעѾȫתƵˣǻϡû˭ȥģͷһ㷴ҵģųڡ
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ˡҶɣҲЦ˺ǹȥ͸īʲôڡΪٸǻīУȴû롣ھѾװȫ
ЩϹ֣ϲŭȫƾԼ顣ղţ޲ãѸʬΡڣǾѾЦտģԷųѹвǻīٴΣֳͷ
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Ҫ֪ǰһЩԹԹʱԷһߡҲΪʲôȻ֮䡣ȥй١ǣһʱ
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ղţīһͬʱвʮ߽״ڡֻһѹǵԳ֣һ֮֡
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ڣһͲ޷ֱ棡ҪΪУһָ̣ȥ򣿡

һʣһ룬ʣǲ룬ÿһˣе𺳣
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ڣ˺ޱȵʱ򣬻ʯȴƺˡӱʵʵģҶɣ

𾪡Ϣʱ䡣Ϣʱǻī㶵ģûмʲôж
˺ģҲ⻢īģѾֻ֪ҪԼûа취ȷǵıôԼ;Բܣսʤǣ
Ϣʱ֮УīһŻѾ֪仯˶ٴΡʱ棬ѾЩڡ
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뵱ҶҲǱֶΣԣһ٣ϧðϸʱաʯǿͷķգҲҪǸشڣúϣ
⻢īʱ˿̣ȴ벻Լʲôɱ쵽Ļǡ
ˣҶɿţͷ³ֵĿǣīһҪͷѾ಻Ŀʱī˵ͽǸ״챦˻
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лã
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үүޡգһ˫ĻۣȻС
үүīʱ˿̣ҲѾȫˣ
һȻ಻ĿǣȻһεģģˣǰ
࣬Ȼм٣
ʱ䣬īҡۣǻǵʵƶϣȻ˺üɣ
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ԭѾĽ֮֮ںһ𣡾ǻ֮ҴȻûܣһʱ䣬ߣ
ֱڣʯ֪ʱҶɵˣĽ
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ŶҶɹģʵʮƾҵѣ۵ѣīѵֶΣѵ޷ƽͨ
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벻ǣȽһƬʱգжϣ

Żǵļ룬ǣʮģҶϸˣԼ֪ģйʮ˲ϢĦȭƵģʼƽˡ
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оҶԼɡԼǰıչأδǰķ⾳ڻͨԼֻܿǣǰķ仯ͳͳ˳ǣʲôؼ֮ûвͨ͸
ڣۿ⳱ǳļҶԽԽãԼ֮ԽȥΪԭֻ⼸רĲ鿴⳱ˮеĸֱ仯Ҳûа취ȥо⡣
ڣӦÿȷˡǰķ仯Ӧûһں֮Ϊȱһں֮ԣûа취У
һ룬ʶлҶ˼
ϸʱաʯѾݵ˼¡ǣȴûз֣һں֮
ǵûз֣ǣų֮֮Ĺûݳԣ˼ûУȥ룡
ڣȻĿãһſʯһƬƬɳ̤ˣ֮·Ҳûȫףų֮Ϊλˣ
Щʯͷɳڽȥ˼ʱΪʲô̤ˣһĵ·
ΪʲôǱݺݵųֻã˵ĻȸԾ˵ľйƻ
ƻģǻʯȴڡƻġҲǸģĴڡ
ʯҵͷȡ˹ǣĴڣѡ
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ţԶߴԸߴǧɵľ˳Ҷɵ棬һ仰ģڡ
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仰ǿߣꡣڣĳЩϣС֣ѿڶ
ǣҶȴûм˭İ仰¡ԼҲֻΪЩĴڣһ죬п̤ϣʯĵ·
顭Щķ壬дԡƽӹ׵ʯɳҲһӵţԣ
ǣΪҴûвҲӵԣҲԽ׳ɣһĴڣ
һԡģ
ų⣬ֻǽ֡
ûǺڶҲлᣬǣųȥ
ģҶһЩ
ǣܿ죬뵽ˣµԻ֮С
ףԻ󡣺˫⡣Ũüšת
ʱ䣬Ҷ˵Ѿʧȥ塣ΪҪʱ䷪飬ȥһЩڣţܡ
ռ䣬Ҷ˵Ҳͬʧȥ塣Ϊǳֻʮ˲еķǣӵУԣ
ܿ죬ҶɵĿռλУʱռ䣬ͽΪޡλеʱؾҲܿ뵽ˣֹ״̬֮С
ʱ䣬ʧռ䣬ʧˣڸʲôţ
ħʧɫѾоԼƺҪʧ
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ʱңҲʱնѣʱգȫʧ
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ħڿ֧š֪Լˡôʱؾͻ᲻ڡôʱؾеЩǿߣпܣڣ
飬ҲͰˡԼȣԼͥˣҲΪѳְ
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ԣҡҡͷҶɵ
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ԼǻתֻصĻᣬڣ
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ԩͷծ㣬˭
Ǿˡ΢΢üͷôϻӾףӾǣүүǣϹǾ

ԭɱģ
ڡҶ֪ԼɱǸǿߣ˭
ڡҶҲ֪ˣԼղŵĲ룬ȫȷ
ǣΪ֪ЩҶĴۣɲһĲءĻش𣬲ôɵģܹȥ
ڣ֮УҶɵ꣬һαˣ顣Щ鼫ٵģˣ֮С
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ػģӵܣҪɣ
ΣҪģһ֮ȥ
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ܣҶɽҴʱ߳ŭԭҪֱӻٵҶɵꡣǣڣȴҪҶɵ꣬
Խգ꣬˵Ҳһʮѵ顣
ʱ˿̣Ҷɵ꣬ѾԼٵã˼㡣ˣȻ鷳˵㣬ǣԼҪԽ꣬Ҳû˭ֹܹԼ
ǣ˽Ҷɡǣ֪ҶɼЩսô϶Ͳᣬ˴⡣ǣֱʹɱ֡ҶɾģûκΣϣǣƫƫѡˣһְ취
ЦҶɵϣֳ
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Сӣˣ
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ֻǣһСӡԼ۷弶ڣɱöˡȱСӣ㣬նɱǣȻǣ
챦ȻҲûܣٴη֣١ʮ˲𣿺ãԽȥ㣡
дɫģʮ˲ڵʱգ˲ƶȥ

գҶɳģһ
֪ǣʶ뿪ȥ֮ԭȵĵطһ¡ˣȻ֡
Ѿѧˣų֮ҵ֮ȹȥǿ󣡶ҹȥõģֻϢ
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Ϊų֮Ҷɷܽʶʱƿ
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ڣҶҪ˳˼·ȥʱϸʱաʯģ˿ڡ
ҶɣȻţ
Ǹǿߣֲ̫ˡпܣԻ棡
ҾȻûзӦҶɣҾˣԺ꣡
仰ǻʯ˵ġôҲǽӽĴڡ֪ͼ˵ʹȻЩҲֻŻС
һڵģϸ档Ҳ֮Уһ֣Ĺ١ǣû֣ѾȻ֣ҶɾȻͿԼ
ʱ棬һûûεġȻΣʱҲֱȥģʵս
пܣ棡
ȻһԽ漶ĴڣҶɳġ˵ͷҲ躦ʲô϶Ҷãǿ
ЩԽĴڣҲû˵˭ܹأûлֻǣˡҲ޷ãԽֶΡ
Ҷһɣ֪ԼɣʵѾѩԷ֤֪ڸղһ˲Σ֮УѩҪðմأУ
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ѩ顣ɫ쳣ѿ
ǣԼȥһֱڣҶɵĸôʩչǿԼҲԣɽ
ڣԼ֮⡣ֻһЩֶΡ鿴ҶڵȲ֪Ҷɱһ˿ֲĴڶˡҲûа취ҶͻȻ֮ʱʱ֣Ҷɡ
ѩɫѿԷɫǲ԰סһ㣬ֻؾҪ
У㣬һҪȥ˰æ
˭ѩȻȵѵͲ£һȡǱԴǿߣ
ңңһСġԷԼţԼ˵Ļ
ѩ鳤ģ̾һСãǸջǰ˭ᰴסȡ˱Դĳ嶯ţҲѾ²µ棬Ϊλ֡Ҫ뱨ѩޣǵúúûšҪúûţǵ棬úѧѧ
Էģ侲
Ҫһһķȥ֣ԴݻֶΡϸǼΪ
ϸ棬һ֣ĹǣȴûУ
ϸ棬æǣͲ֪Ӧΰæ
Ψ壬ŻӵеģޣʵĶҲΨ壬֪ӦιӦα
ϸʱգ壬ңԶúܡ
ʯһЩǣҪ棬ȴҲǣôף顣
ԷΨó֣ܱҶɡȫǹңûȥģҶɵϣɢģɱ¾Ϣ
Сѵûз֣Ѿɱڣѩģҡҡͷһ䡣
⡭ѵǣαװ
ҶɣαװԷѾ̡ҲΪҶαװ֮ԣԷŻãѩжϣûдŻΪڻʮСĴڣԺпܣãѩޡ
ԣҶʱӵôѣ仯ΣıһϢ֮ԷʶľãֻǣҶһζˣԲˬģԼе㾪ģ֮
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ѩ΢΢Цţûж͡˵ǰġӡȻ˵ɣ㣬׼ȷ𰸣
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ܶǿֶΡǣܴݻϸ˵Ҷɣҽ飬뿪ʮ˲뿪Ҫпܣ뿪ռλ棡
ߣӵԶԶģ
ϸĽ飬ҲʱͻʯĽ顣
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˵ǣӣ롣νġҲֻ𣬸ղ֣룬Ϣԡ
һռ䣬Ϣͨ
ڶռ䣬ԾϢ
㡭Ĳ㡭㡭㡭
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Сӣش˵ʮϢʱ䣬ʮʱ䣬ҲȬ
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ԭҾ˲ԣŻصԭڿ֮ʱһΪʱת
û룬ȻܹɱֻһĴڣɱ
ˣȻǣһ֮Уܻ֮ˡնɱˣǵԡҵˡǿԣɴˣȥ̽һԣ֮
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ǣʱ˿̣ܹ϶ͻᣬʧɫ¾ǣϹǾǿˣҲһǣޱȡ
⣬Ȼһ漶챦
۷弶ڣһĿԣƳα.漶챦
ϹǾǿǾ֮СЩŴУ漶챦ģܷš
ǣƣα.漶챦ҲҪķѣ۷弶ڣС
ڣ漶챦ҪķѴʱڣҪϣԼԪ˵
ѰҶɵǼ챦Ǻü壬ƶɡǰ󻨷ʮʱ䣬ϡ챦ҲͰˡ⼸壬ܹ˵⣬ȴһصĴۣ
Ҫ֪֮УһЩδ峤ĺѡΪƽϢŭǶòʹ
ǣٿϢ֮䣬Ƴˣһ漶챦
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㣬ȻǣҲѾ̫࣡
¶һ֡Էɵãһν
ѩ飬ûлش
Էоʱ˿̣ѩҲѾʮֽšϾһΣҶҪԵĵˣǿᣡ
ǣԷ֪Ȥģûмʲô顣ǰδѾԷףѩĵģҪҶɵǱޣ
ȥ׼ˡ֪ʲô׼ףжٰգ
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ΪҶԼʵҲǺаա
벻УҪԡηսʵҶɣܹߵ·
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δҪ֮·ҲѾȷ
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Ҷɻ֪Լȥ֮ԼѩҲ̫ܣشۣƿϡԼɱ
ߣҶ֪ˣԸҲᣬ֮У
ǻԼ·κǿߣǻ棬ȥ磬ǣεĿ
磬ڣ֪жôֲ֪жôǿᡣǣҪȥֱ档ֻҪһ˿ϣֻҪ뵽һ취;
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㣬ǣȣ
ۿʩչһСԷģǺݺݵġ
ۿҶȫ޷ֿģڵ⣬ȫֱԷģˣ㣡
ǣ֮ʱԷѩ㣬Ҳһɫ䡣
ڣԷоѩѾˣжס
ǣԷʮֲǡڣһйȥˣһϢʱ֮󣬺Ȼ֮䣬ѩ֣
˼ǼˡԷʵǿס⣬ʲôõȵġ
Զ֮ͣͣκж
Էһ㡣˵
ǣϡܣҲͽܹӳڷ֮һɲǵʱ䡣
ǡڣܣҶϣ
˵Ҷˡϸ棬ҲýֱʮϢʱ䣡ʱ棬µýֱʮϢʱ䣡ǻʯʮϢ֮ڣʩչκη
˵Էͣ
Ҫ˵ʲô
ȻҶѾıϢ޷ҵҶɵı֮ڡǣʮϢʱ䡣ԣһռе壬ɱ飡
ٿڶУԷѾ֪ҪЩʲô
ڣҶɣԼЩǣѾ޷ȴȥܵȵʲô
Է⣬һֱô⣬ѩľ
ԷѩҲҶɡ
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һŸոտʼ̵ܹ֮㣬ʮ۷弶ڣȻᣬ̫ࡣ
һ񸫣Ҷģһɱ¾ͨ
һɱ¾֮ͨУҶƽѧҪͨǿȵ񸫣ϳţʵ廯仯
ֻǸ𣬶ݵģȺ󶷷ΡѾ񸫣һ˿֮⡣ǿԣǣǧ򳡣ҾܹӵУģһ֮
֮ӰһεģҶǰֳһΣûмϣ֮ˣǻã÷
ΨУôһ˿ζಿ֣ȫã
Сһ˿
ǺҸûܣ֮ģһ˿ζ
ҲֻУ۷֣֮ĥԼпܣӿٶȣһͨɣ
ҶɵĿ⣬͸¯ϣͶˣϡ
ֻǸոձʮ˲ϿɡҾѾԣǿģ֮㡣ڴ˾ްܹ꣬øϡ;κΣ֮գ
ǣͻ¼ֻߡͶ·˭Ը⣬⽫Լֱڣʯ֪ҶͣƵİš

λãСӣֻóֶΣĪ֣ѯʡ
Ȼ˵ǵһռһڱǿиǣѾʼˣϺϼƣ顣ȵǣߡ˲ռĹɵشǶ˺öǿһıߡ
ǣ˵ʵκһ𣬶ûġȫۡȻǶ֪ǸСӣ϶ͬѰǣȴΪԼܣʲôˡ
ˣǸֲһò뿪ʮ˲Ѳɣᱻɱ
ǣڣ뷨ˣ
СӣԽ֮ӰԼ֮ͨΡСǣ˽Ӱ֮󣬾͵ǣԼԼ
λҪ˽ˡʿҲ˵˵СӣпܣǸɱǣóֶΣ¡
ʿûм˵ȥ𣬶֪⡣
û˭ȥɡҶɲܽ룬ڰ˲ռ䡣ǣǴϵľ棬հٱţǸֶصСӣ϶ܹȻɹ
Ҫ۵ģһģͨ
Ҫ۵ģСӣ׻ûУǿģֶ
Щ΢üͷʼȫעģݻ
мҪǿȥСӵǰ£
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һ֮ǿ˹СӾ䣬Ҳؽ£
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վǳģһŮޡӣΪүүһ仰ڷ⡣
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ĪҲģͺһҲţŮ޿ȥ
ѵǡ˵еģǧ壿
û˵ͷ˵ǣ˼֮䡣ڣӦãԸЩᲢۣ
û˭ϣϾӵֵǿߣɣǿ۷弶ڣڼҲκƿϰ
ʵΪǳ˵ģѾǳǫ顣Ϊӵִ˵ǿߣκһܴɣ
Ҫ֪ȻླĴڣͨǣ˵ǹȥ޵ۡ
ǣˣں֮ǹȥ֮Ҳǻں֮Уռλ
¾ǣҶڣҲѲֹɡڳʮ˸Ҳˡ
ǣӵǧǿߣƽ⣬ɣ
ʲô֣һεģĪѯʣһ
ûлش𡣶תͷȥŮޡ
ᣡ̤ǰһ
ǧ֮һ棿Īңʡ
ǣ
ִһ䣬Ȼ󣬾ƺǰ֪ĪҲʡһصˣղԼվλá
ĪģһᡣȻֻӣ
λǾأ
裬Īϸʲô֪Īҵףʲô뷨
𣬸֪ᣬ¶ˣԼǧ塣ΪľǣĪģƻ
ڣڲ²⣬飬ĪҺǳˣĬ(δ1293.ģ˫Ӱ
ʮ֮ûܣļ֮䡣ǣܹʲôô
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Ī΢΢üǳ𣬿ȥ
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Сӣҷ
һƬž
ô棬𣬾ȻҪˣ
Ҫ֪ƾСӣܹһֲ޷Ĵڣȵãò赶ɱˡ˵С֮󣬽õ档
ȵСӣһǾ񸫣Ƴʽһ֮˵ˣСӵļֵԺ
ڣȻ˵ҪͲҪˣ
󲿷𣬶Ŀ¶ɡ
ңҵ꣬ģ֮ףߣȻը졣
Īɫ䣬ܿ죬ͺǺЦ֣ģأ
˵ȼǿߣѰģáҪǾ춯صĴԣƱػǣתھǣԼ˴棡
ǣûνģԽ档֤ϴҲͰˡǣ˭֪糤㣬ݺĴڡһȥ׷ϴ
ѾԼ˴档ôⳤ𣬻ȥԽ棿ȥ֤ϴǣģǣһĳԹ
ܿ죬𣬾ͷ׷׸͡ѡˣų
ǣȻа˸𡣲ģ
У
Ϸ򣬻İɡΪ㲻֤ϴҲ޻ڣ
ģǳϣ¶ˣһ˿ġ顭

񸫣֣
һ룬ǿ񸫡һεģˣҶɵǰ
ն
ʱ䣬ǿ񸫾Сǵ߲ռеģεŧѪնȥ
䣡
ҶɵĿ񸫣δնɱκκŧѪ֮Ѿǣʱձޣ
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˫֣
ɵˣ۷弶ڣẦµ֮󡣵Ȼ˫
һΣԼ˫Ӱ֣Ҷɵϣ¶һ˿ϲЦݡ
һΣһ֮УֳظӰֵʵǺЩӰҲֻǶˡܣʵʮ˲챦ڷ
һΣҶֻ֮ӰƵһ֮ҶɵĵʩΪ
ڡ
ʮĿޣܹ˫Ӱ֣
˫֮ɲǽֻǣһѡ˫֮䣬Щϣͻᣬ
˵ΪʦҶɻ˫֮ӰһЩ󷨡һ˫񸫵
Ȼֻǹȥˣʮʱ䡣ǣʱؾȴѾˣǧ꣡
Ϊ˫Ӱ֣ôʱҶûôר徳硣ʣʮʱҸר־ģ߱徳Ϊ
ƾĪҵβ²ҶɵֶΣҲܲµҶɵУȻӵһʱؾ
ȵʮռλ棬ҶҲ֪ԼеʱؾλУھ챦ͥܣ¾һһ죬һ챦ҲǾĸ߽ǵģᣡ
ʮʱ䣬ھǽ˰ꡣôʱ䣬㹻ҽΪ죡
Īǣܲµõ㣬ҶɸûУʲôֶΡֻǣר־ģʱ䣬Ҳȫԣʱؾֱ֮۷塣ʱҶɾֳֵҲһԣһģ·磡
ҶɣûôĿ꣬ԶúܡĪЩڣǣʱõĥʯˡ
٣ҲҪܸԿһҵľΪ۷塣ٽ˫ӰΡϣӳ׷ɱ
㣬̫ܡ
Ҷ֪Щ۷弶ڣͬ
Ȼܷ֣ǣѩ顢ԷŮͬĴڡǣֱȴѾԼԼĸǱѰ
ǰ֮ǿ֮УΪţƵǿˡԣǰ֮֮ǿᣬҲòȻ䣿
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죬нף
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ͻʯһҡͷģѩԷ
ԭ֮Լһãпܣ޷ɣڡѩЦţҡͷ̾Ϣ
ǰ㣬СӣҲ̫֡ѲɣıԴҲʲô֮ԷȵĲ²
ǲǣͲ鿴ܶ𣿡ѩҡͷӦҲѾ鿴˺ü顣϶֮УĴڣ
ǾˡԷӾȵģҲ²Ѳɣݻ飬ݻԴԼһǿǿĴڣֻߣʵԴԶ
ҪҲˡѩĿ⣬һεģۼˣǰ桰ӡ֮ϣҪڰ˲㣬ǺúÿܲܣֻԼһأ
ֻԼôܡ˼ǣ
ѩ֣ص飬ʱ䣬Է˹

ڰ˲㣬ôǣһ򣿡
ո̤ڰ˲ռ䣬Ҷɵ˫ͫȻͽ
꾲ޣֻΪԼΪˣĴСҶǿţ񴫳еࡣģ̤ڰ˲ռ䡣
ȻģҶ֪ڰ˲ռ䣬ʲôģ
ӦǡĿ顣ų֮ὫֲĶأǿڡԿ飬ǿ߷ųҶɵ뼱תǣҽ̤ģȻһţɽˮǣ⣬ܣ
֮ϣ顣У𾳵ǿߡپǧ
ǣʮֿ϶ĸҶɣԾǣʮ˲֮СҶɿ϶ҪɡԼǲʲôʮ˲һߵˡĿϡ
Ҳǣٵ򡭡ѵΪɱҡһ𡣻ˣȴ̣
ϸϸţϵģ档Ҷɵɵðֹ
꣬ǵͼλ洳ʱһϣʶһƶɵıǣǣһɵ챦ҶҲãʲô֡
һڰ˲㣬䵽ϡأҲ֪ڰ˲ľһϸϸţҶһߣ㣬Ҳ˵ǻģ֡ǻڣ޷֮ʱų֣
ҶɿֶΣʮ˵áǣԼģ֪˵ڰ˲ܿܣĻƭϵ
ȻΪʲô뿪ʯʮֲģѯʡ
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Сӵֱֲ̫һأѾһ룡
ʣһ룬Ҫսˡ㣬ľˣ
С㲻ҲѾ𣿾ҲƣҲͲס˰ɡ
һЦٶԡ

峿
͵⣬ءһͬëģƬ״ƶ䣬չǣεɫģ֮ϡ
ʱҶɣվһɽţճƺģ׳ɫ
ʯЩˣҶɣѾϣʱ䡣ѵһֱ任ݣȥ
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ǣҶȴȻ
ǵٳٲ֡ң£任һݣıһϢⷬʲôô
ΣΨһ·Ҳ϶ǣµģյ·ҶҪȥ·֮ϣֱǡ任ݣıϢյ£ҲıΣ
⣬ʮֵĲ⡣ǣȻεĲ⣬ȻҶִҪȥʯҲֻܣ޿κεģȥ
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һΣҶɱһģߣһüĿģܼͯ
ͯ仯
Щ꣬׵ˣʥ۷塣ˣССƿǣ㵽ߣѰһЩͻƵС
ԭǴ㣬ʱؾߡǣ˵ҶɽһţʱҪ󣬳
飬·һˣζҲǲ
ûҶɽҲõģᱻЩǿһεģ任֮ʱȻҵ֣ͻƵĸо
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Ҷɺ顣˹ģȻƷ衣һǣȴѾЩץ
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԰ꡣĪԾɺܳסģ˵ڰ˲㣬ǧʱ䡣ֻ˰꣬Ѱң
һҶɰ꣬ˣҶֻʱ䡣ǣȴһꡣ
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һΣһһ¡Ŀ⣬͸ϿյĺƲ㣬һľɽȣ˹ȥ

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ﲢû̻ش𣬶ǣԵģһ
һʥһɵŮޣ
ʱȻûʽ̤룬ǣԤ֮ȴѾܹһ飬ֱǣոտĵط
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ʷѾעһۣһֱˣŮ޵֮ǰ
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Щ֪һ㡣ЩȻҲ֪Щ
Ҷɺֻǲϵı任ݣ߷䡣Լ۾ȥǷģ˥裬ֱǨǻûУԣ⣬ȥ׷Щǣϵģ⾳ۼ
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ҶɵжѩԷԽԽˡ
ǰ˵ǣԾƶꡣڣǳģһϷ
Ҷ֮Ļģ֮䣬ͽģƽԼѩ飬Ҳû͵
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Ⱥ˵ͷ˵ٹʮ꣬һáб㡣δ֪ʤ硣
˫Ͳסģ˸ˣĿɡ

һ⣬֣̾ƽ
ҲʱǷȺеģ߿ֻǣɲǹ⻪ȻȥȺΪԼǿˡҡҡͷֳղ˹ȥ
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һƬȸʱ˿̣Ҳƺȫž
һһʱʱ䡣ˣȵЩͷʱڣ˿ڣ

˲ˡǿĸ֣ҸղŵСʫûУκι
ǣȺȴЩοģ˵ͷأԺɳΪʦ
ǣʦ
λصǣڲסļɡ
ˣĽˣˣĸʡ
ʷңѵֻۣ֮һһΡˣƺҲգ
һԴʣЩˡҲⷽȺһԣ֮⡣Щݱڼ֮࣬Ż˴󵨡
ˢһӣȺ˫;âš
Ȼ֮䣬һ;ãһεѹͺҪƬظסһ㡣ѹԼ
ң㣬㡭ɫұģˣ˵
Ⱥߵ˵ԣ˵ȿպ󣬲ٽҷȺļţ
˵ţȺԼǣĪģѹ
һȻ
ҶɺˣɵãԽкá֪ⷽȺĵȷȷƵ֡
壡
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Ҷ΢΢ףȴ֪˼ţʲô顭(δ1298.ǣ⣨ģ
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ʮϣƴ䡣
ǣǷСʵۣǳȻŲأͼı졣
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ڣɳķ֮ʣɱҵδȫɢȥϱߵԹȴֹϣ
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ʮʱҶɺ𣬿ʤɰܡ
ֻԭս»ˣǿöˡֻһΣʮĴ󶯵Уȴţ⾳仯ϸȥϸĦ˵ˣҶɣҲһǳ
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Աʤˣ
ﻰ䣬ݳƣ
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أҪ·ңȥң
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ɢģվǷǰ͸ŵǵζꡣȺĺƵѹ
󽫣Ҳɵãƣȶס㶣һεģĽеǻ壬ƴҲҪҴߣ
˽֪ȺܡţϣŵģŴɡ
ǡȴûм֪Ⱥǣʵ壬ǰʵ׵ܵܣ
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ԼҲң÷ȺԼ
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ˣʮʱľΪǡǵ֮һˣһ߽ף
ڣҶ̾صСʱһεģȥһһƴСص㡱ʦ
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Ҷɲʯֻǲ룬Լ£ʧܵӰӡʯȣԽ壬һͷˮġԼûģʲôãٿ
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Ҷɲ֪ǣԼοʱѩԷŮڣڣһν
ʮǰǾѾ𾪡
ʮУһ֣û˵
ʮڣ˵
㣬ãһս˭Ӯ
٣ҶѾ䣡
߸ϵǣȻóĪҺͳ𣬺«ﵽʲôҩ
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ڣǸɽȡǣһֶΡ
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ǣ⡣⣬ѾǶˣֶΡʱƣ˵ͻᣬ׹䡣ʱͬߵĴڡΪԼǣڣģ飡
ǣȴһʮꡣȻڲĺȻ
Ҳ֪кر𡣿ǣܹ׹䣬Ȼͣͣ
ѩ۹⣬񡣵ǣǷȺضˣкζء
Է۹⣬ʵѾȣѩ񡣱ϾӵеĻ籾Դѩǿ
ֻǣѾϰˣѩ㡣ԣ࿴ЩʲôҲȥ˵
ѩ飬֪һ㡣飬ûΪıǿĲ죬仯֡
С㿴ʲôЩ˵˵
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ĪҺͳҲһǸ߸ϡ
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ʮˣûг֣
ΪٻɸʲôģȥǴɽ̽̽û룬Ȼû¶棡
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ⲻǣһѰǡǣĪҵģѹ׵ı
УĪܹܵģ⾳ͳͳᱻĪң뵽ϡŵ˵Ҫܹ͸̺⾳൱ھǣõ˳ǧ۷弶ڵ洫
ǣĪԽģؼ֮ڡ
챦ĪȻءҪ٣Ҫڲ췴
Ϊܹ۲죬⾳ݻĪҷǵ飬ǡǽǣһض졣Դ㹻ʮǿߣ죡
˵ǣȳ̶ȵǿߡ¾ǣССһ˾ԪӤڵСҲУ뿪ȥⴳĳ嶯ˣΪ˷ֹ鷢ĪҾϣһ֣ǿֶΡ
ϵǡȫڣ⾳ģңȫȥ˼Щǿǣϲֻأȫˣϣ
ǣ֪ĪǣţǿܡΨǳΪ˽ľ͸ĪңͳһˣŻ֪ǸСӣϴʱԽԽпܣʧң
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͡һѩԷȫˡ
ĪңȻĵһΣҶʹˣ
ǰ㣬ǸƻǲǿǰһЩˣԭţһս쳣˭õȻ
ԭѩԷһΣҶɽҪԵգϸʱաʯ֣Ҳ԰ϣҶɶæ
ҪҶɣһˣӵǧᡣԼʮ˸۷弶ڡȻṩ֮㡣ҶҲûпܣսʤ֮
ʮǰҶһ̤룬ʱѩԷΪƾҶԼҪܹӳȥѾǣҶɷǳ˵áϸȴڵİæҶҲֻǿȷٷ֮ٻѡ
ҶεڳʱҲֻǾãҶϣ˲١ټϸȴڵİæԣһЩ
Ҳͣ˶ѡ
ڣĪ̬һˣҶɿϣһ޾ʱ䡣ʱҶСӣͽ۷ˡڣ䱾徳ܣԶĪˮ׼
ǰƻӦǰˡѩ˵㣬Ȼ΢΢ЦǣƻһִУǽãɾҪֿˡҪСһ㣬װ׵ģǼһռȥ˱ˣ
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Ī֮ԣҶɲ֪
ѩ֮Ҷɲ
ʱ˿̣ȫͷˣһʦϡ
񣬲Ҳʶ
ʱҶɣͺѾȫˣǷȺص֮С룬Ҷɾ롣ߣҶɾߡǳҶɾͳЦҶɾЦʱҶɣѾˣǣ߳ҸۡҶҲһᣬԼͥԺ֮У޳ɡ
ֻǣǣԱǧţҲѡ
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һԱԽǰߵš
լۡԱǣֱŶ룬ӡΨⷽҴլһԹʿΪ
ܼңѻˣصĸסλ׷ԲԵˣԽߵֱ֮˫֣ȴһ¡ʱ׼þ˹ȥ
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ȺӲԶ
ңôˣջһ˵Σգһǣȥضһ㣡
Ŵ󻧣бضرǣⷽʮꡣȥھ֮ģҲѾ׷׿䡣
ȺǲԸģǣȴҪһεĵضҲֻãɵƢȥˡֻǣضڣȴȥ
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ͬǰĴڡԣҴˡ
൱ǣڴ˵صľԣҲˣ
ǺͿ
ҶҲûУֱȥ͡ǣ˵ûǿԣûУľĴڣѱ鲼ϡ
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Ҷ磬˼ǡǽ˵ؾͲϳ֣Ĵڡֱǣϣ
˵ͷҶɼ˵ЩУĴڡһôǵ򣬾ͻӰ쵽ǵǵԣҲǵԡ󡭡
Ϊϣ֮⣬ӡԣǾͻ᳹׵ģʧţϣէҾ˵أΪʲôһܹôĵģꡣȻǶΪʲôǻûг֡ԭѾ֣Ҫڣ֮У
Ҷ鸴ӵģ˵ͷ۷壬Сӡǿᣬҵľ񣬾ۼˣΨһĴϡҲᡣ𽥵ģУ
Ⱥǵķɡʷ򵥵ظ
ȺĴˣǸءҶɵģ񴫳СȵȺ棬ؾͻɣ֮ģҶɵΨһΨһ
ǲǣնƵһֶΣѯʡ
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ҶɵĻ䡣֮⣬ѩԷŮЦһۡһءȻɢ
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ݳǣһ֧
ȻԹ̲˷ǣԹԾɲңǿݷ
ʮ꣬зӷȺΪʼ̳УŷҵţսˡֱԹߣ״塣ԹҲûһһ䣬룬Ҵţ
û˭֪Ϊʲôᷢ顣ܵģܣҲãȻ⡣
κһݷùȺңܸܵȺ֣ӿŵĺȻ
ǣκһݷùȺңһΪƾɺȻܣֹԹʿɱ°ӣ
ǣȺĺȻܱܱꡣôΪβݣΪβ
˵Ƿ˵ǵݡǣݳڵҲ޷
ǣҴլڣѸ棬ǰȫˡҵĺȻֻǣ֮أЧ
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Ⱥ֮ʣԼһõԼһݳǣڷ񻰴˵Ǵﵽ˶ʢ
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Щųʥ֮ģǰġЩҪΪصӵġκζѡһģ߽һģžϲ뿪˷ģݷŵһ֧У֮ϵƣ
ʦ֣Ϊţ㣬óɽˣһλƮƮһɷģߣȻ̾
Ķ棬һλ׷ͯգĿ¶ɣߣ΢΢ģҡҡͷң
ʦ꣬Ȼϻͯ⾳أʮܹʦᲢۣ
׷ͯߣЦЦģ˿λ˵һ޿κΡʦΪ֮ܶԸ
ʦܣʱȻ
ٿʦֵ˫ʦܾͺãһˮͷܵšԼǵС̣ȫӲʦֵ۾

Զݳڣڡ
ʯҲѧ˸֣
ţȻñֱӳĻʯҶЦ⡣
λʦµõԼʦ֣ѾˣϣʯģΨһڡͨʦ֣ϵ⾳ʯһţԼȻڴеģֶΣ
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ˣǰɵṩȾĻᡣ뿪ǺһҪúõģлһǣ
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ԣģش淨򣬷ģ
ˣǳ֮⣬ʮ뷢ѡֻǣû˭ǵã⼯巢ѵĵһǹ˭ġ

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ǣһ졣ϵģǹơȴԤʾţʲô飬
ʱѰķӣҲѾоˣѹ֡˵ҶЩģȻڡ
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ڴǰ֮ϵģƲ㡣Ҷɵ˫֮УĿ
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ǰΪԽߣԽǾã̫£Ҳ̾ǣѾˣ֮Խǵսȫһ𡣿£Ҳǣһ֮
꣬ҶɻΪԼֻҪ׵۷塣Ȼƾһ˫Ӱܸһ
ڡ
صǣ⾳ꡣҾһֻ֮ܣ
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һУҶѾùˣ֪ٱ顣ǣţǿĵˣҲһС
Ϊαװʲô̶Ȳźأ
αװһŴѧʡǱαװ֮αװľΪ̫ǡҲһǵãĻɡ
ĬĬţԼӦαװɵģȻҶɵĿ⣬΢΢˸
ףͻȻ籩ǣ
ҶɵʼնɽȣԼɽеŮޡ
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һʱ䣬ҶɾͱˣһɵĴڡ

죬ԽԽ
ƣԽԽŨܡ
ΨЩϵ𼶴ǡ֪䣬ǿĴڣĳѹѰˡֻǣЩǣҲ֪ǿʵͲǣϵĴڡ
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ƶ֮ϣĪҺͳ𡣺һۡȻ󣬶ĬĬģ΢΢˵ͷ

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ѹ֣ǳԸⷢģȥְôԭеļѾǣĺô
ԭǻΪĪΪҪǳ˽ƽֺôԭĪҪԼ̣
֯봫ݡܿ죬ʮѾˣӽܵģͳһսߣ
ڶ⣬һµĻᣡҶɵĿУâٴ˸
ҶƽаյսԽǾԽֶξԽܹǰϸܵģּƻ
ƻǲ仯졣ҶҲϤˣִмƻ֮࣬һЩʱķ
ʮ˸֮䣬ѾˣԵѺ֮һʱļƻҶɵ͡

Ȼ֪ˣҵѪ㾹Ȼңʶ룿
δսѾãһŭȼ
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ǣڣʩչģһֶʱҶڿʼᡣ
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ͿԼһѾϾĿ񸫣ʱգȻǳ֮ˮһ㣬ˣơ
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ҶɣڿʼᡣⲻģʼᣬԼľС
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УǣΨһɵ壡
ԣ꣬Ӵ󣬴ڶĹ壬Ϊ͹۵Դ
ҲԣѱݣΪӴһ壬ΪһԺ衣
ǣȻܣҲǣǿߣ
Ȼţʮûȥ֤ʵϾǵľΪܣңԶúܡ
٣Ҳǣ۷弶ڡʲôӵ⾳⾳ǻǣʮˣȻᣬΪôǿǣǵȴѾˣһ˿䱸

ʮһáֻ֣ǣн䱸ɫ΢䡣
Ҷһá֣ȴشӰʱˣɢļ
һ䣡
̲סģҶɰԽá
꣬ҶҲȻ˵ЩֻǣɾֶΰˡǰҶɾ֮áǣȴ׵ģͰԼѧЩͳͳȴ
رǡ޾ڰҶɻθһֱȵҶɽײ֮󣬷ų׷ֹá
ԭССһ䣬ӵѰţǿԣʰѧ
һá֡ҶڵľΪѾҪﵽ۷塣㲻ãĻᱻһá֣ȥ
ŵ˵ҶƿһȣȫµĴţ
Ҳǧѭϸ沽һ·ȥұΪ٣֮Уû⾳Ҳաǣ֮⾳ȴ쳣ѲɣУǧ
šҶڣһνʶһ𣬻۵ˣϡ
᲻֪ҶʶڻۣζʲôȻǧ塣ȻҲһˣ֮ľǣȴûҶɵ
ֻ˵ģֻ٣
֪Щֻ֪ΪҶڱԼƵãҪȫ
ĥʯҪĥʯľԣһУ
ղһҶӰɢãһսԼѾǣʤȯաȴ֪ƶ֮ϣԼүүڣȫ΢΢ģüͷ
ݺΣս飬ʵ̫ƶ
˭ϡ
ֶҲû˭ϡ
ǣ˵˵ãֶһܹӮսǣˣһƣ˲ʱ䣬ΪС
ͺñȣһڼn꣬ȭŹɵʦ㲻ãͻڣʯңҩĵֶ֮С
һ۹⣬ȻѾҶ׼ʩչ֣ĵֶΡ
ǣû˭ᡣ
ʮΪӪ任ȥѣδĵˡ
ĪҶˣȴǾãԵҲôʹᣬģɳ
ǣһǣȴûһ뵽ΪʲôҶɻԵģ֪ԼҪʩչ֣ĵֶΣ

ĵһУǴģʱ֮ܡ
ĵڶУǴģ֮
УںϣĪ⣡
ʱ֮ǳ˹ĵ
ǴĪ
߽ϣᵼºεȱ仯
ǳҲԸ⣬氤һ£
Ϊֻ۷塣ԣ͸ңһ֪ʲôţ
ʲôţ
ܹԽɱеģš
ܹУԽɱ˵ģеţ
᲻֪Ҷɵǰ¡᲻ΪҶɿԣԽɱˡΪῴҶֻǣƾһЩ⾳䣬ֶΣȥŻһ£߽״ڡԼǿԣԽףնɱ߽״ڣ
¾ǣЩģ߽״ڡҶԣһնɱοССģɵĴڣ
޹⻪֮Уţģܡ
ĵ֮УţԿ̽䷨
ЦţҪţһĥʯ棬ѾҶɣ´ˣжϡ
һסģȻ֪֡ϾΪ㣬ҵܣȻɡһǵã飬Ʒʲģĥʯ
ڣע£޹⻪ʱ䣬Ҷɣû(δ1305.սᣡģ
̡̻
ݣʱ˿̣飬ǡˡ
ղţ־ԼĶ֣һ
ղţΪȻǰԷһǣԼȻԻãյʤ
ǣʱѾңѾ̿֡
ûоģսʮɹɶӲĪҡҡͷȥǲǣһ
֣ǲæ
µѾʮԡҶûֶΣȱսᣬûУκʤ㡣
ã
˭֪ȴʮָɴģҡҡͷ
ڣҡͷܾʱͻȻɫľͽᣬҶɵħצУ˳
ǡӡ
һȻɫ䡣
ֶΣҲһɫ䡣ǣֻǣ΢΢ɫѡ
ɫڿնЩǣɲǼ䣬ɫ԰ף
ֱʣǴֱʣĪҲɵã̾
糤һ㣬Яӵܣǰһʮ˲ǣӵ׼һЩ챦ǣԲ˭Ὣ챦󱲡
ӡĪȴڣҲᴹߵ챦ǳ𡣾Ȼã
ңδ峤ңȻĴ£Ϊеģһ壡
ŭĺĬĬԡǣ棬ȴѾڣ˸źû˭ܲµõΪĳɳøĴۣ
ҶɣȻҲ²
ãų֮Լ
ãһ˫Ӱ֮ᣬݺնȥ
ΪһսѾˡΪЩƶϵҪȡҲѾˡȴû뵽ϣȻȣ챦
棡챦֮СϢ
ʱؾйսĻʯҲ̲ס
ֻƺ˵ʯȴǣһģǿѹ
ѹ
ڣֻһ˿ѹ򣬾ͻή£ֲ٣
ϸҲڹۿҲͻıʣԴʲ
漶챦ֻǣһ˿ϴ챦ôʹãҲ𣬴ķС
ӵһ챦ڣǽһ棬챦챦ڴڸˮĳͷ
Ҳ˵ᣬͲãʹ챦
ʱҶɣ侲쳣
ÿо
Խͻأ֮£ҶɾԽܹչֳԼǣ󼰵ģǿ
ţĺҶɲ˼ģ˷

ų֮˷ţȥ˷ų֮͹һ޴ҪҪų֮Ҫ˷еų֮
⻹

Ҷֱ̤ˣһ沽еģڶžŰʮһ
һžŰʮһֻ⡣
֮⣬ҶѾղ١֮⣬Ŵʮ˲ҶҲѾԣҶѾֻ⣬ˣԼԴģ֮С
ڶžŰʮһǿ⾳
ǣֻ˵⾳̫̫ࡣҶǿ뿪񸫣Ҳκá
ˣҶһֱûжһ
ˣҶȻһǣʵ⣬ȴģҪס
Ȼ᲻ʹ˱Ҳ˵˱ôֻл
ԣԽԼ˲ɱĺǡ
ԣʱпܻĺǡ
Ҷû˿ңҶɺܿͰյˣƽĹؼ
꣡
žŰʮһӵκοռϣκη֮ģֱɱǿ֮ܣ
ҶҪֱȥ֮꣡
㣬ֵΣ
㡱ƶ֮ϵģκһ
㡱ָĵľǣȫģǼ֪ǿ챦
ҪɱңҾɱᣡ㣬ֵΣ
¡
ڶܣ
¡
˷ų֮
ǣͬʱҲ˲ʱ䣬ʧ
ȻҶɾ͸оԼǵ⾳ܣҲһӴ˲ȥᣬȻ
ҶԼҲڣȻ
~~~
ʯģһղһʱȻݵأֻʮɲǶѡǣʯȴãԼ·Ǿһģಫ
һΧκԣͷȻܹ뵽һУ
Χκԣ⻹ǣ֮ʱҶ˵һʡ˵ʣĳ档
ҶɴûУùּǿĹʱĵһѡǣѿǡ
һΣһơһεһƣõ̫
ᣬ㻹ʲôֶΣ
һ˫Ӱ֣(δ1306.սᣡ壩
Ȼ˹ӡ
Ȼʧʱһ뾪
ȿǹӡǣѣ
һκ۷弶ڣۺ첻ѵľ챦
һֻǷӣҲһκǿߵľ챦
˵Уܹҵͬȼ챦챦޷ƣ
Сӣʲô챦
ûУûУ
ų֮ɵֻǵ⾳Ϊ֮
ǶֶΣҲֻͬĳ⾳ܡ
һ˫Ӱ˸оꡣǿ񸫣ΣҲһǣ⾳ܣ
ڣҶ̤ģǵ⾳ܡΪԽնֱ֮Сˣһ𣬻Ȼδ֪ǸͲ²ΪǹӡͻȻɢȥ˹֮ܣɢȥˣ֮
֣Ҫˣ
Ҷһ˫ӰȻţȥʱĪȻһ
ĪԼûг֡Ҫ֣Ҳǵȵȳ֡ƻĪңΪʱѣ߲嵶
ǡ
һ
ѵϣʲôȹӡ챦
Īڡʮ߸ס
䣡
޷ܵģʵʵģ˫ֱ˫ƶҲᱻΡǣȴȻ



ʲôֶΣ
ҶɣҲʱ䣬еˡͣ߼
ľΪܣӲֱ
ʲô챦塣ӦÿԿʲôرŶԣ
ǣƶϵ֡Ƕûܷ֣ҰԲµϡܹԽᣬһ



ҶɵͷԣһǡԽսԽ
ϰڣսУս
ǡʱ˿̣ȫȫģͿˣ
Ҳûжʱ䣬Ҷȥ˼ˡҶһ˫Ӱ֮ķҲˡҶɵǰ
һΣᾹȻõǣͱֶΣ
Ҫ֪ĵ壬Ѫȫƫһ档ǰļιȻ⾳䣬޴󡣿էȥȴȫƮƮģͺûʲô
һΣ˫ֱȭݺݵģҶÿһȭƣƺܽһǸ飡
תգôܣ
ƶ֮ϣһǣһ뷢ˣ͵͵ľ̾
ǣתգľҶɵһٽϣǹӡǿӲһ˫ӰᣬڻŴܣ
սƶ֮ϵĴ󲿷ִڣҶɻ
ǣ۹⣬һҲϲҶɣ
벻ǣһԾ֪
Ȼ֮䣬һȻ֮ʹҶɵڱӭϵģȭȥ
䡭
һ죬ȻһʱգһƬ
ǡ֮
սڣĪҵһεģ
ǣλһֱžĳҲˢˢģĪҿȥ
ǹȻ֮һ𣬸ӦסϢ⾳ɫĪǵ⾳ɫһģһ
һʱ䣬;ãԼĪҸƭˡСӣ϶ѾĪңշԭԸĪҵ޽ԼĳҲһãԼϵƭ
ǣһע£ĪҾɡⲻɵã棬ɻ󡭡

ɻ󣬾֮ԴҪıǣŪ㻨ûϣ
һʯ
ҶȻһУҪڵĹŹ֣¶ۼҪʮ˸²ģɻ
ְɣֻǽ֣֮
Ҷαġ֮ĸ֮ȭɢ֮ͬ籩ķɲ֮䣬֧飡
ҺΣ
Ľ֮쳹ءԭ֧顱壬һˣǰ
ƶ֮ϣĿɫٱ䣡
ѹ֣ĴԸѹ֣ԣתաֱСӵģֲ
ǣЩδߵǣʱ˿̣ҲѾˣĻɡ
СӵĹǣ߽סǵͽ׵ľΪԼѷս飬ôֵܼڣ
ֱڣ˵ģѹ׵ֶΣûʽʩչѾԣǿս൱⣬ôܣ
룬ɻնͬһ
è壡(δ1307.սᣡ
ʱ۹ǿÿһʶᣬϿֻһĴڡ
磬Ǹڣ֪СӡҲԲֻǣɵľ磡
ǣƾһЩǿֶܡҲӦǣн״ڣ
ƶս飬Ѿ뵽ˣľ档ǣǹӡҲһСӵĹ£־õļľΪҲӦǣнף
ǳսСʱһǣģγ˽ΪһµĿ
ǣζԴᣬζԴ棬ȴˣ廨ŵ뷨
ĪңԾڣֺ
ȻĪѾ֪ԼѣҪ顣ǣֺγǣ飿
ЩսǡȴʼЩҪȴȥ
ĪңֶΡᣬҲࡣǳûг֣˭֪ţɱУ
ãҲҪбȥòСЩʶǣʹùġ
мȻսҲǿ󡣵ǣȴ˿ûУȴ˼оͰˣ

ƶ֮ϣǵĸѡȫӲҶɵ̽
ʱļƻǳɹҪܹǴɹֻǣƻ
ԭƻԾڼʱƻҲһһð˳
ʱƻУҪһᣬȡ֮ƾȥѰܣ
ҶɵҰģֹһˡ̣ʹˣߵϡֻڣŶţҶԽԽȷţҪᣬѶȲڡȡǣ
ԭΪһߣĿռλ֮Сڿ᱾ӡһɣԹʱƻԽԽˡǣĥ취·ӡȥǣôܣ
սĳҶɽˣֵֵԼԺηԽԽףԴʱԽԽãϣã
ȴûϵϣȻãʱ򡭡

ԭ˳Լ֮⣬֮УҲû˭֪ܡǳҲעĪҵˣʮƶľã۹ǿĪңҲûз֣ܹ֮սʵģ
ǳµõʱ˿̣ҶѾƳˣеİ
Ѿĥ㹻ࡣǼһеʱˣ
õĳ𣬺Ȼ֮䣬Ȼߺȡ׵Ĺüԥǣ¶ģ뿪
ڣǺԾģ뿪֮ʱƲ֮µᣬҲЦţԼǸ׼˺üģ֮У
һУǹһС
һ֪ҲΪһУԲŻţһɽȣǸСӣעز١ͿԷĵģԸСӡ
һУҲƵģͬһУ
ᣬֳˣֱ뺷սʱЩսϲǣɫȻ
ȻԶɱҵȴڣ
ټϳҵûУκϣ
ǣڿһʱǳ׵׵ģĻ䡣ͬʱҲãǸ֪Сӣ׵׵ģûϣ
ǣΪԼԼԼӵóԼ֮ܵĪҡҲͬãǸСӣûκϣ
ǣЩԳֶֻΣǡҲͬãΣǸСӣûκϣ
ǣȴ֪ڣһʱҶɲˣԼʱƻģɹϣ
Ƭء塭ԭǧ壡
ҶֻˣӵѪǧ壬һֱصúܺá꣬չ֣Щǲᷢ֡ڣҲֻеһʱҶɲ֪Ϊλһˣɽȡ
أ顣ԭ棬Ϊһ壡
죬Ƭ졣
أǿء
ǣҶȴ֪
죬ѾƬ죡
أѾǿأ
أŵǹ׵ûиǼս£Ҿֻ취ӶݡڣȴǸһĻᣡ
ᣬʱƻҶѾԽԽãʮѡǣû뵽ɱУȻڷӡŵȻ
꣬սһĻĻҶɵʶ֮УȻֳģҶɾǵʹ⾳ֱˣʶ
㣬ߴ·(δ1308.ǿĥʯ



ģߺʱ
ģǿһʱ
õȻ
էȥֻǣ죬ءǣȴ֪ʵᡣѾɢ
ôһΣģС
·ҿ԰ֻҪԸ⳼ң
ǼҶɳδšһһ٣һһģݻ
ҲֻǣݻٶѡҪؽԼ֮󣬾ܿô
ڸ߿֮У˫ֱ󣬴ʱҶɣƺûгС
ҲûпҶɳκһСǣȴڱڲ
֪׷ʲô飬ֻ֪Լ֣
Сӣ
ӰأһΣٽֻһʽ
úã
ҶɷЦͼ񸫣ֳ
һصӰ˹ȥ
һֱǳȥ
ߣΪ㣿
мģһ̤ɲ֮䣬Ҷʱգͳһ󲨶ǳȻһ̤ˣҶɵ
СӡڲǣԣûԸ⣬Ӳǹ񸫡죬һʶһ£ʲôŽֶΣ
󳤵˳հʮһ쳤ӣ
аʮһֻһУ񸫿졣ƣ
ǧ⾳۳һСĵȻ쳤ӣȴΣҲ㲻ҶһУ
ǿ⾳ǣ̫
۹⣬Ҳʮֶһ۾ͿҶ񸫿ģ㡣
ǡ㻹ܽӰΡҪɥ˵أ
ǵƵǿŭ֮ҲҪ⡣ҪʹҶУ
Ҫ֣ҶЦҾƫ
Ҷɵǰһ䣬ǳ΢СӡȻҵֶΣ
Ҷɵĺһ䣬ǳѲɣСӦ֮
ᡣʱ˿̣ﻹüСΨս糤㣬Ż˲ʱˣѵӦ֮
֣Ҷɴڲƭһ֣㲻ȥ
µֶΣҲȻ¶һ콣ȻҶɵǹɱĽ֮⣬Īҵ𣬲ɵ
ǽ
Ҷɲ֪ʲôǺǽֻоԼطֶΣɲ֮䣬Ͷ
һ˫ģǿֶΣ
һҶɵ޿ɵһ񸫣Ǿ콣ȥҶɵξͻޣɲ֮ıƮȻԶء
ٿǱ񸫣ȻҲˣһ
ԶԶûʵεĿ񸫣ȻҲᱻһᡣ֪⺮ǽʲôͷ
ϣҶɫƽҶȴѾǣ׳
һĥʯϵǿ
ԶأԶǳԾֻһֳˣҶɵࡣ
㣬Ӳ
ʱʱأֹͣ˱Եģ
ᣬءСӣӲȥ
ң˲ٶȱ졣Ȼеͨգǻᱻһɱã
ãȻáҶܻ׽ᣬҲͬţܻ׽Ҷɣ
ӡ
ʱģҶֻӡ
⣬հʮһҶɵĿ񸫲ܵ
ս⣬ǹĺǽҶɵĿ񸫣ƺҲ޿κΡ
ǣǳȴ֪Ҷӵÿģӵ졣
ȻԽǿĥʯԽܹ⣡ܹȵģⳤ𶷸ǧ˰ʱ䣬ҵĿ񸫣Сɣ
ֻǣҶ֪𲻿ܸԼʱ䡣ĪҵҲԼ£ʱ䡣
оǡ
ûг֣׻ʲôʱһ
еģԼδֶ֪ΣһѸԼͷϵģУ
ˣٸһһ⡣ЩֶΣ͵ʩչʱû취ŪˣᣬҲһջ̰ģ
Ҷɿ̰ġ
ҶɾͲù
Ҷֶ֪ΣĪҵ𣬽ʮ˲ԲֻǵΪˣ赶ɱˣ
ӣӣӣ
û˭֪ҶⲻϵıӣʵĿģΪʲô
û˭֪һ仯һѣڳǣûɢ(δ1309.ֶξ𾪣
ʱڳ۷弶ڣֻʣˣֻ𣬴ʱ˿̣ҲѾͬΣд㡣
ȴ֪ڼ
䡭
ǰҲ䣬䣬ʮ˸ͷžѹ¡
䣬û˭ϵӺζ𣡣
ƹէֵʱ򣬽ʣ۷弶ڣһȫǡСа֣
ǣǵӵߡĪҡҲûܵһʱ䷴Ӧ֮״Ӻζ
һֱȵѰãδ֡ټĪҷţ
Ȼǣϵģһ֣
ĪɫȻ䣡
ʶǿ߳СǣԼҡ
Ȼ֣Լ֮û̷֣ԼңΪһȫ۵ˣӵϡ
ݳڡ
Ѿˣǣ֪ˣΪ
ǵ棡Ϊȫ棡
ǵǼ٣ΪǵȫǸɱǿߣע
ǣ
زûǣȴȻ֣Լܹϣ𼶴ڵйԼеķŭ
ɽͷ
ɺ׷ͯյ죬ҲĪѾٸǣɲ֮䣬ȴһӶˣã
ǣȻССϣ
ǣȻֻǱȦģ
ǣ
첻Ҳû
ǣȻͬȻ֣Լãܣ𼶴ڵ

ʶɢȥĪҺȻ֣ϣȻа˸ĹڡǷֻǡѰķӡǣǾȻܹô𼶴ڵľܣ
Īµõ˸ڣʵǣҶɵˣܹȻϡӵ⾳ԭ
һֱʱĪһΪֻɵġԼϣ״ΪҶɷʩչطȡԼ֮ԲŻᵼ£Щ췲˵ĳ֣
֣ҵǳ˴״ٺ뿪
Īҵļ֮˳ĶСǳ΢΢һ㶣Ҳüͷ
ѵСӸĹ
ֱĪҪǿһЩǣʱ˿̣Ҳûʱ䣬ȥϸʲô顣
֪Ǵңһ췴Щƾ֮ҹʱԼҲûпܣҶս
ߣ
𵱻ϣһԸٶȣҶȥȴûз֣Ҷɵ֮Уһ˿⡭
һ˫ӰէȥҶǰûʲô
ǣûɵģ;Լ겻Ĳ˲
ѰǳȻʱһ룬ǣ˷һιҶɵĻᣬҲûʲôϵ
ڣ⡣
һ棬ϵɧǿóеһ˿в
һ棬Ǳȶأƺһγˣļ
Сӣô˻ᣬٵᣡ
ɲ֮䣬ΪԼ΢ԵʡûʶҶɵ׼ˣֶΡ

âҡ
Ϳǳ𣬵壬ת˲֮䣬һȽˣҶɵǰ
ǳ𣬸Ҫ編ƣҶɵһ˫ӰȻٸҶɴȥǿѹʱ
Σ֣
ɲ֮䣬ƬƬĺɫͺȻǵ⽣Ӱû
ǡ߲ĺ
ûвģĪҵĸ𣬲ģԶءʱǵľԸӣ
߲ĺΪλڵڰ˲㣿
ѵǰʱСӾȻٿءЯЩķţ
Ĵߣûǿ߳ԹٿءЯЩϾκһ۷弶ڣη
ǣȴû˭ɹֻǣϸСһ˿
ɫҲȻ䡣û뵽ѾôʱҶɣȻţ˿ֲֶΣ
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ȫûϵһγսԼպ֮δģĹУҶ֮ϡ(δ1310.Ұܣ
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ǣһ֣ǳɫ˲ͱãܲѿ
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ֻǺǳ𻹲̫ൣġϾֻ贩ƵߣͿԵһûƵߣֻСߣҲ̫ġ
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۵֮֮Ϣ
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Ϊǧǧ֮ԻΪ̺аϢ
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ܹʹ߲ռĺŧѪӵ˿ŵ˲ٶȡΪΣҪ
Īҵˣ֪ǣǵòǵϢǵֶΣȴӡˣǵ
ѹ֣ǵȿֲĴڣᱻϳʮ˲ȥΪʲôС
ĪҵˣǶڻɣԼȥǲǵʧķ裬ǣʲôģӰӰжϵ
µõǹȥĵʵжϣʵûʲô׿޷ȫֵϸʱաʯ̸ҶӵеսҶܵõսһ𶼶пܶùһ֣
ֻǣǸû뵽ƶݵļʱ䣬׻ҶɣԼҶߵЩڣսֺεȿֲķԾ
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Сȥ׷ɱˣ
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ΪЩ챦ȫ漶챦
ϣһ漶챦ͿܽذᡣǸڶЩƺҲһۺ첻ѡ
ǣǳѾʮᣬ߼Ǽʵﵽĳ̶ȣ
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ȥҶɽӴһ塣Ǿǣ嶡ң
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λȥʮ˲ڵʱաңսһƬʱո׷
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ʱ˿̣Ҷһ˼ģר־ץᣡ
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ǵڰ˲Ŀ飬аơЩ൱ǣǵ߲ŧѪ棡
˺֮ܵҶɣԲݲаơҪЩаƣڰ˲ռ䣬ԺĴУʱ
Īҵ֪ҶɲʹЩƣھŲռ䡣Ҳ֪ǵھŲռеսҶɸȥݡʱȫˣǽѣ
뿪ʮ˲͵λֲ𣡡
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Ȼɳ˺ܶࡣǣҶɻֻ׷ܹѡڣҶɵĿꡣһӣͰθࡣֱӽնɱΪԼʮ˲ģռĿ꣡
Ҫնɱ͵ȥߣ
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ֻǣȫӰĿ񸫡ֻʩչ֮Ӧһ˵ģЩ漶챦
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⣡
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Ҷһ˫Ӱ¼Ļ챦ݺݿȥʱ򣬳޺޵ģˣһǴδʾ˵ģѹ׵ľС

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ҶǱߣҲ˲üͷᡭƺѾᣡ
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ʶţԶǼӶݵһ𣬺򡭡

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ҶɽܽĴڣͳͳ˳ֻʣһͥҲˣڰ˲ռ֮С
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Ҷɻ˵ţĿȡħͥһһӹ
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ʱ˿̣ʱؾѾתƵ˺Ŀռλ֮С
ʱ棬ͬʱؾһˣĿռλ֮СΪţĿռλ棬ʱؾԼʱճǱرʱҲ赣ģǵôע⣬ǳٽ١
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ԭﶼңҶɴΪȵЦʲôִʲô
Ԥ֮ܣҶܡҶǵھŲռԸΪ
Ļش֮ףȡħ״㶡
Ҷ׼ҲһĻش𣬸һС
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ȻˣȻˣû뵽Ȼܹвǿǵİ
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Īǿǣ
ԭҶɵļƻҪǿǡ֮ѡᣬΪҪԼƳһǣʱѶ̫󡣶ΪԼͲƳһǣ
ĪңôҲ۷弶ڡҪľֶΣңʹ˹ʱ䣬Ҳֻǣһ˿ѣ
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Ϊר־Ҷȴ÷ĶһЦɫ֮УûκԵãţһԺ
ҶɿԺҶɿԺ
ΪңŬƴǣȷǻƿ
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ܣֻܵȵб¸սһܿһҲϸͻʯ
һ߸˲ƣβĪҵˣ׷ȥҶҲһ棬ơ
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䣡
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ǣǸˮ׼𣬾Ȼ͵ûһָ¶ˣЦݣ

ʱ䣬Ҷɾ;ãԼ壬ȻӸƶ˾ֹ
ʱ䣬Ҷɾ;ãԼ꣬ȻӸټ㣬˾ֹ
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Į֯أҪԶʳߣȻǸŮޣûиǣĮҲûܣջ񣡡
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Ҷ֮ԽΪǳĹѡǳԼֻʩչһѹ׵ıͨǡҶɿ͵ڸԼЩԶݵǡڣʮ֮ģǣʵоֶΡʵǵġԶݡè壡
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䣡
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ֶγɹжĮٴηЦţƵ
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ÿֻһ񸫣޷ƿءһ㻹ʲôҶ
ֻ̽ȥ˲Ϣʱ䡣ĮףԼٻУϢʱ䡣
ƵͨҪĻ챦Ȼ󣬾
һֱһ챦δùΪһ챦ûУ
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ĮһߺǱ񸫣һ߰Ц
أҲͽң˽ȥ֪óģٶȡȴƫƫ𲽸硣ǣµõĮֶΣ
ڣͰģҶɵĻͨʱĮҲĵģһƬӰεģ(δ1315.ս
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Сӣˣ
û뵽ĮȻֶΡøϽͷиʣ
ѹ֣Įѡȷһء飬ҪֶΣ̺ô
ĮӰεĹҶɵĻ񸫷ӵȥʱЩ˲ͷĮҶɣ˹ȥ
ٺ٣ڲظϣˣЩľٶĮЦֻ࣬Ϣʱ䣬ҾܽСӵݻ١Ϣʱ䣬ǻص𣿡
ĮóٶȣĮ档ǵĴ㣬ͨĮԳҶɵġֶΡ
ǣȴûϵĮȻǽƾͼƣ䵽ˡ棡
ϵˣĮ׼
Ǿ𣬸ո˲˼֮ǵɫ˲ͱˡΪǺȻ֣ʱգȻѾϢģԹ
ԭĮҪֶΣ֯ءǣԹأ
һУսǿĪҺͳˣҲģüͷ
ֻֻüѣûУĳ֡ĪңڼŵھŲռķ򣬸ٷȥ

ҪĴ㣬ȻˣĪԽԽԶΣʯһ
޷ЩĥʯȥѰ
ҶɵǴʱ˿̣ĮܹǷĴڵĻ϶ᣬһ
ͿһƯڻʯҶɵ֮䡣ҶɵǴⷽӰ֮У˳
㻹ӵУֶΡֻܣϢʱ䣡
ǸӰʯҡҡͷ̾
ΪһսҶڶˣֶΣ
ĮΪҶɵĻ񸫣û÷ΪҶɸֶͨһǡǣʯȴ֪ⲻǹؼؼҶõģֶΣ
ϴʶֿռ䡭ֶΣѲ
ⷽӣһԡֻȥĳԲͬԵʶҶɵʶ
ʶ룬ǿ˵İģŪֻԼĲʶȥ
ǣеǿ˵һ֣ʶֶΡȥʶ뵽һ壬׼֮СϵõһУȻˣֽʶڣģеֶΣ
ϼҵĶȷκζҪǿᡣǣֶΣǴڣе㡣Ǿǣֻṥ壡
ϸ棬塣ԣϸ沢ûбס
ʯʱ仯ˣȥַ״̬û֮ԱԣʯҲûбס
ԭҶǵĵȷȷסˡǣǡͽʶϴһ̨֮СҶɵ걻Įס֮ʱ̨ԣȻȻʼ
Į־ģֶʱ
಻סʼ·ʱ
̨ԣʽˡǱ񸫣ڿʼԼȫս
ų֮ɢˣ
һնȥĮǹɢǵ
һնȥĮǲǰŤʱգʱ֧飡
һնȥֱնˣǾֵĮڣиӰݳƿ֯أЩɱصǣϮɱȥ
һսʽʼ(δ1316.ͨϣ
䣡
ҶɵһûնĮıǱĮĻ챦
ԶȥϮɱĵӰֻһ棬Լ١ٵĸӰͲö˵ˣΨһһĿ񸫣Ҳͬһ챦˲ݻ١
ҶɵͻϮûκɱˡǣԶĪҡڣȫɵˣ
ôܣ
ȫ޷⣡
ƿص£κͨκ챦ֻܿһ˿¡㸳ͨһǣ챦ǲ顣Ҳ̫ܣȻʩչǣֲķϮ
˵ĮľͶˣϼҶӵ챦Ҳһᱻסпܣȷ
⣬Įȫ⡣
ǣĮе㣬Ҫˡ
ߣ͸°ɣ
ռλǷ״ĳԣһصߡ
ߣԼֶΣȫʹҶɺȻ֣ǳˣӵԼȫ͸ȫ޷׷ٵıֶʱͶʱףЩǵļƻ㡣
ϾЩ𣬾ḻ֪һܡ֪˭ǿıͨԣڷ֣ǿǸûʱǾͶѡˡֶΣ
ǣҲ̫򵥡ߣȴƫƫߣ
ĮǱǼǾȸңͳͳ
ڣĮһҪ˵ʱ򡭡
ڣЩ׷þǣͻȻϮ˾ҪŤͷߵʱ򡭡
ǺȻ֣ԼȻ޷ߣ
ЩӰȻı֯أ
ЩӰȻıʱԹ
ĮЩǣȺ󾪺ģͺ
˵ղͻȻķֻһǡòĻôڣǾѾڻɣϼµĶǲǱ֪Сӡƽ⣡
Ѳɣȫ٣
ĮҶĮĮķӦٶȣҲ졭
ȥ
һ漶챦ʱ仯һ޴ģҶ˹ȥ
˶ҲҵĶ֣
ĮݺݵĻǲʵͼҶɲö֪۷弶ڣҪǵʵ뷨ʵǹѡ
ֻҪĥʯã£ĥʯ챦Ҷɵ⣡
һѾˣһ֮磡
챦֮ڣһ硣ȫţǾͻǣϸʱһĴڡ
꣬Ҷʶһ֮ʱṩһսһܡڣڿɶԣһ֮
ų⣬һ֮ұ
ҶͷһóˣԼģԽս֮Ҫ챦ڵһ֮˲ʱ䣬ȫų
Į;ãԼĶͷȻȻԣӰ챦еں
ЩʱáǲȻȫֻǣⱬʱͲʣ
ĮĶ飬֮Ƚϡʱ䣬֪ҶҪ챦ͻȻתƵطȥ
תƣȻûж
ĮµõҶɸа취ֵϼҵĶ֮ıı꣬ĵȷȷᱻסʮϢʱ䡣
ֻǣ̨ԿԶá԰Լıǿһת
ٺ٣оȻֵֹġǣĮҲ϶
ھǣĮĶܶʱƽ˵ֶΣòĶãֶ֮еģְ
飡
Ϣ֮䣬ҶɾĮ˰С
ĮˣֲͬĵͨҶȥȥõľһ񸫡񸫰ٱ֮ܣĮֶΣһһ⣬Ҷɺ
ͬϢ֮䣬Ǳƿ֯أԶһЩɱȥǱ񸫣ѾȺٴΡǣȴľ顣ÿһ֮󣬶ܿٵģ۳
λѣȥУһȻ˵Сӿ϶Ǹʦһ񸫣ѾıʱԹٴΣ
˭һ㣬ǣ˭Ը⡣Ϊ𶼻ţϾϣõֶΣõֶΡ
̣䳰ȷģᣬ㱾´ȥǱ񸫣Ըһ챦
𣬿е챦Ȼ漶챦Ҳɵӣֶ֪ΡҪһ㿴ֶΣ
ᣬ֮ԻȻԡҲѾǣ׼(δ1317.ͨ£
λѣЩʲô˭֪Ҳ۶˵ʲôģһλ䳰ȷ𣬡һֻƽȻͨ
˵ţóһö򣬵ݸ
һȫˣеݡ
û壡
˷У
ڳһĿǶϵκ⡣ҲֶΣ֮⣬ʲôֶΣԼ
ο֮УʲôֶΡڳҲǳصģз
ȫ˵ͷ΢΢ЦȻֶΣǣĮֶΣҲǲջ񡣡
Ҳ΢Цĵ˵ͷһͳһȦ޴ķϣͽҶһ񸫣赲ˣһƬʱ֮⡭

ףҶɾģԵͺֶΣ棡
òƽֶΣòƴΪ˷ֶΣҶȴˣƽһ棡
ֶͨΣԼ¼£ĵ⾳ѵҲӵУĪҵǣ
ĪҵǣҶɺȡֻϧĳ֣䡣Ҷûа취ֶε£ƵͻƳ
ˣҶɶȻѡˣǣרᡣֻϧ걾ԴӶԶȥ
Ȼܵһ̺ѪԼꡣҲСջǳͲ꣬Ҷɴж˿飬
ڣҶȻ֣ƺҲпŪһţǣ
ֶΣνûϣꡣҲֶܷ֡еİ
ȷЩǣκΣǡļ¼ǵĵ⾳ص㣬һջ
һ𣬶С۵ᣬȻҲӵļơֶΣ
ҶţС𡣿б˸ȥ˵⾳ǣ˭֪棬׶ʲộ
ʯǣ۽󿪡ϸ棬ǱҶƶϣŪͷת
壬ôӵģϸ˵ţԼЩˡ
ϸǿ󣬵ǣֻǵģϵǿȻһ֮ȥ㣬־תСžţһʱģó
һӵǿߣЩӻˮĴڡһжôһ룬ϸ;ã̫¡
ϸȴûϵԼһпȴҶɵģһС
嵱Ȼӣ
ռλҶɵ꣬»ָ˻֮⣬ΪһУ˸
ǣݻĴ棬ѵʮּ򵥣
ʱ䣬ʯ˫
ʱ䣬ϸҲ˷ܵģһĺ

ܵ⡣
֮ɲֻĪһã
һȻԵõģۿǱߣҶĮսһĬĬģӡĵ⾳
ЦǣĪҲ̫Դ˵㡣ȻŪһǳת⡮֮
ЦǣĪҾȻǳԶʳڿɺã͵ʴסûˣô𣬻ǼŹֵķӣȫ˵˵
Ǳը֮ʱǼŹֵķӣԼ𣬱Ǳը˳ȥ𣬲δ֮ûЩȥǴΪЩ׳ȥģǱڰ˲ռе涾ˡǣȴǣһĿնˣ
ֿնδ˵أǸСӣСӵŮūΪ
ҪѧֶΣĪҿʼ޸ʱǵĲƬҾпŪ֣
ʲôջ񣬱ŪǲƬӾ޴󣿺ٺ٣СǸ۱衣ֻȡôһջӦò˭ɣ
ԽԽ
ʵϣǵ߲ռ俪ʼȻһһֱˡʱ˵ûǱڣĪҡһʱ˲١ǣһ֮Уȴû˭ãԼߣĻ䣡
ߣսˡСôֻҪ嶯ֻҪʮ˲ӳȥСӳ군ʱҾֻҪǸֶΡֻ迼βĪҵ۾
òԾڹۿĮҶ֮Ķǣʶ֮зŵģȴѾǣһ⡣˼ŵģȴѾǣδŻᷢ顭(δ1318.ȡ⾳ֶΣ
Ļϲµõʱ˿̣ҶѾ˼װס
ǣһҿ˼𡣵ǿߣҪǵ뷨ʵ̫ѣҶʮָп
Ҫ֪һֱҶɶΪƵˣնսҪǿСֻȿǿͼſܣ
뵱꣬Ů֣ıǳ¼漶챦ǿģҶǰԤСҶģǳ¼ֱ֮ҲӦģҶɵЩжϣҲȥ¡
ҶɵĽ˼㣬ȴص㡣ðһգ󵨲²⣬ĸص㣬ܵĴȾ¶ˡ
²㣬ֻһ֣ԸƵľ顣˼ȴһֵֶΣ
ߣĮüǱߣҶȴעˣ˼

䣡
ǱߵĿ񸫣趯øһ졣Ϣʱڣǿ񸫾ͱ任ֵܣ˵ķϣ񱩿ɱէȥĵȷȷչ͹Ҫƿϡ
ǡ
ŪһƬҲûоֵֶеͨ
ټǵܺȥҶʮϲģŪһϵƬ
ԭ⼸ǲܷ顣
Ҫ֪ǷϣĵǷϱһֵʱЩ𣬾ͻȻȻģⲿȡ
вླǿ߶СֶΣСֶΣܹǿߵٶȱͬʱԽ˵ĹϢ׼ȷЯ
Ҳ˵Ԥ֮ĵûջôͱضǵע⣡
ҶɱΪҪϺܳʱ䣬ҵһǷϵƬϢĸռһ֡û롣Ϣʱ䣬Ѿɹ
˺ǵù
һϵƬ˲䱻ʱҶ̾һ㣬ȡ⾳ֶΡ
ڵȡĮ⾳Զ
⾳ܸ١ֶΡ֡
β֪ȡĲ⾳ȷ򵥵İ취һģֶΣ
Ϣ֮󡭡

ȻҶɳĮһָȥʱĮ壬һӶԭء
ĮȻ˶
𣬲ɵñͻı仯һ¡ϼҶжĮȻҲηֶΣĵöࡣ
ǣĮȴͻȻˣҶɵĶ
Լǿֶ֮һãԼԷֶͬθסĮΣգ
룬Щߵ˸ԶǣҲ롣ǿԴԺĮͻ᳹״·硣
ǡ
ףôûгƽ
Įܻˣ
Ҳһգ۵ʱ䣬ʩչ˶ҶɣˡƱסĮ˸ǿս
СӣȻҰŪ
ĮŭֻǼ챦ȻͷˣǧС֮һʱգң
ѹ֣СˡԭĮֻǼװ
Ҿ˵أСӾҲô

һ𣬶̲סһǣҶʹãĮֵֶ֮һĮˡЩģɻԴ
ֻǣȴ֪ʱ˿̣ǿսǵĮѾǣε𾪣
⾳оôҵĶʮ񣿡
ǸϼҵĶ񣬶ǸԼĶ
ĪҡЩˣ֪ĮĶϼĶ֮䣬ͬʵһЩʲ𡣳ϼǼλĮˮ׼൱ĸ֮⣬û˭֪ܡ
ϼǼλ֣Ҳֻ֪Щȴ޷ʩչĮ⾳ƵĶ֮ĮΪԼĶһ޶
ڣһ޶Ķ˷档Ȼⷭԭܴ󣬿ǣĮȴƺ̫ͷ
Įľ͵ҶɵĻϲ
ϸټӰѾĮĶ̳
ǰһЧȴԶ̸ԣȻĮһֲȴҲûܲЧ
ϸĻӦҪ̣µݻ塣ȻٲϹ۲죬ϸ򡭡ȸǧ˰ʱ䣬ҿԣ̳

ҶҲûٶ˵ʲô֪ϸƭԼ
ŪһЩ⾳ٸֶΣȷ̫ѡ̫żȰԭƻҵģͨ
һתҶɸɴཫһɢȥʱ䣬һ˫ӰǳǧХȥ(δ1319.
飡
һ񸫣ն֮󣬱ӵ֮Ƭ
ӰΣ֣
Ȼ֮䣬һСͺȻ仯ˣһµĿ񸫣
⣡
Į˫ֽһӡȻĴȥ
ͿǱȫµĿܣÿСһ𣬾۳һܹ֮֮˲Ͳһⷨ
бʦǰ㻹ֶΣסҵͨ
ҶɵĴЦǱһ㣬ͻֻգ۵ʱ䣬ͽ֮ѹɱ
Įȴһ㶼ңϣһ˿Ц˸
𡭡գ
֡գĮԹŰµϹŷ˳
ΪֻΪ˽ֻΪ졣
ǣǿȴʮԣʵҲһֵԣʵĲͬ÷ǣֵͬĵ
Į⡰ա֣ոѿڶʱҶɵɫͲɵ΢΢һ䡣
ãȻ⣡
ʱ䣬Ҷɵϣ̾һ񸫡ʶжˣ֮ϵ
ǣǾ֮˳һ˿˿δɢȥʶ˿׷Դģɱ
ڣڣڣ
ҶɲصģɫȻһ󳱺죬ͺǣոպ˾Ƶģ
ֶΣ챦
һУֻǿֶΡҶҲᣬܴ˴
һУֻ챦ҲͬܣЧ
һСһֹŰֶΣǿ챦֮ϡҶɼ䣬Ϲ졣ʱͲɫѣҲˣ
Ʋˣ
һе֣ĮǧСѳ˸СǵصģҶɵķ֮·׷
ѵǡ˵ĮǿֶΡ󣿡˽Į˽ϼҵ𣬲еͺ˵󷨡ϼλȽӽϴĴڣҲһƽ⣡
Ҳ
˵ΪǺʵǵۡ
˵Ϊ󷨵ĺıʣʵǽ豦գ
ЩĮϼЩ˽ĴڣҲⷬءΨҶ֣ʦֵȡ˲Į֮⾳Ĵڣһ㣡
ֶͨΣᱻ˳Ʒˣˡұܣĺ
Խ׸ȴսҶҲ׼ֶΡ֮Խ˷£ʱؾҲ£Ϊ˷ֹʩչЩ˵ıֶ֮ʱӰ쵽ǵ

ɲ֮䣬ҶɵıͺȻóˣһ񸫡Ŀ꣬һӾˣ֮ϡ
Ϊԣǿ񸫵ϢҶɵϢ
αװҪʲô
Į˫ͫȻ
ݷ
ҶɵıΧȻһȦȦ׵ƣ
Ѳɣˣ
һ𣬶ʱȻ
飬෱ࡣУ٣Ϊءصģ壡
˵ĵ֮˵ĵȦȦƣ
ǣôӦǿߡƣӵУ
һ𣬿סҶܵȦȦ׵ƣʲô챦¡ĵȷȷҶʩչͨ
Щ֪ˣʩչ֮ˣҲϲܼƣ
˵֮˻ٻˡôƣͶٵĿܡ֣ͨͳͳһȦէȥƽԲȦ֮СΨǵ壬пʩչ
ˣһƱ٣Ҳ»صؾ»ȡˣЩ֪Ѱ£ǿ߶ģԼƣ¶

𣬻üͷ˼롣ս֮еĮȴκ
ҲӲȥ
Ȼ֮䣬иС״̬У¶ݡһȦµ󣬺Ȼ֣
ǷʦҲϣ֡ΪľǷֹͻʩС
ĮȻǴУǿĴڡôܣһþأ
ֶΣ
Զǣ밵ԺȲʡΪѾ֣Įԣ¸ģ
ӣСӾֻӲӲˡСӵʲôΪ֪ܿ
ԶԾڷɶݵĪңҲģĽŲ(δ1320.Ѫ֮ܣݣ
һµõҶƣм١ĮһƽҶһѡˣټ٣֮
Ҷɵ֮·һʱ޿̣ҪԽսĵ·
ˣҶҲѧ˼ǿľѧˣҵ˵˫ۣ
һεƣǻ֮Ҷ֪ԼһеͬʱΣĮעҲᱻһȦƣȥ֡
ĮܹΧȦҶҲгԸ㣬Żʯ㡣ֶΣҶɵ۾
ĮܲעǣĻ࣡
УõԻһ̶ȣʩչֶΣִƻһȦƵİ֮УҶɿˣĮǷɢʶӶжϳˣĮע׷ɢ˶ٳȥ
Ȼո֮ôҲ񸫾
ҶɰԹЦ˼һ͸ͺȻֳ
ЩԶֻǵľ͸ѡǣǽۣͻ֣ᷢЩ͸ʵǾ񸫣
ĮýĮעһӾͱһ֪ǻõ񸫾˹ȥ
ʱ򣡡
ᡣת˲š
ʱ䣬ҶɾһѼõĹ·ߣԽ˳ȥոմԽˣ֮ΣͶȻǧٵ
Ӳģ
ʱĮܲΪȻûʶҶɼߡ
Ϊ
ԲѪȻ֣
û˭֪һƬѪʲôʱŴڡǣ֪һƬѪĮģѹ׵ֶΣ
û۵𷨵ĸоһƬѪ֮Уգ
ʱ˿̣ĪҼھŲռ䡣͵ءͣ
ʱ˿̣Ҳû˸ղ֣ĸоȻ֮䣬˫ֱ˹ȥ
սġ𣬸ǴΪ˷ܵģҶɵǧӰǷԲġѪ
ֻ˰ʱȻ;󣬼ĪѪֶΡأĮǿɱУ
Ȼ˭֪ѹֶΡǣЩḻǣ»ܹܱģǿսƬѪ֣δչʾܵʱһͶãĮˡ
ڣһ𣬾Ϊ֪ǸСӵѹֶΣܹѹեٳ
߲㡭
ڵڰ˲֮ȴֻ˳֣װֻʳˡ
ЩΪҪԻһҶɣҪҶɴð
ЩҲͬΪ֮䣬թҪѹֶΣҶɵģ־У
ЩḻǣѾ˲١ǣʹߡڰ˲ռеĺŧѪ涾ֶΣֲϼҶԼƽһʦ֮ܣЩǿҶɵģѹ׵ֶΣѹ׵ľС
ΨԾбȣпܣСӵľУ
ǣǵģ뷨
ĮȻ֪ԼʩΪǵڣ޿κεıˣΪѵĽɫǣĮҲĮĴ㣬ĮҲĮ뷨Щ㡢뷨ԽԽܿȼǿ˼뷨ҶɣҲò̫ס
ŨŨѪζѪ֮УɢԶǣֻҪûմȾЩѪζģʲôҶɣȴһĻĻ𾪵ĳ
ȻǣѪ֮飡
ҶɾȻѪ֮УһѪӰΣֽýǿһ㣬Լߣڶ
˷Ѫ
˷ѪӰأ
ЩѪ֮飬ٶӵУһˮ׼ǣȴȫûǡǵͬڣһܣ
Ѫ֮ܣ
ֻбѪϢΧմȾѪɱĴڣܿѪ֮ܣ
ʱҶɾ֪ĮΪʲôᣬˡ
ǲ֣֮Ұɱˡ޷ѪЩѪ֮ܣҲһ׷ɱҵĺǣ
ȫţƬѪͨɱ飬ң
ȫȷţƬѪܲϵģ۳Ѫ֮ܣ
ǣǹٰҸѪƾҾΪٸߣҲֻڴˣ
ıͨҶɵһʶһ𣬸С
ĮͨҶɵһη֣һ𣬺ܸܿţֲݵֶΣ
ֻеŻ֣ԼյģվΧ羰¶㱾³ĺ뿪
һԼ˶Ѫ֮ܣҶĿģЦ(δ1321.Ѫ䣡
һ񸫣ܲ͸硣һ˹Ѫ֮ܣ񸫣Ρ
ЩѪܻ֮ˣǣٵǣȴѪˮˣһƬѪ֮СѪ֮УҲѸԾѪ֮ܡҶɵһɱù
ȥֻǵսСӾƽ⣡
Ҳѹ֣Ͼֻһðٶ̫죬ȣ𣡡
ȷСӹֶκܶ࣬⾳Ҳǹ졣ǣּ𡢲εսȫϤ
һ𣬿ú׼ĵȷȷΪٶ̫죬ԣ۷弶սʽֶΣҶɸס
ΪǱѹû뵽Щǣ־ֶΡĪҼǿǣѾɱҵ۾ΪֻҪǣܹһ𣬻̿Ӵܣ
ǱߣǵʶһֲģҶɵҶɷǵûЦмҷʡС
ڼʱı˹ԣ޷ƽսҲڿܡ
˵ǣսУõѪ֮ܡĮѹ׵ֶʱװ׵ıң
ҷʡҷʡĮ鳰ȴҶɵļȶνɱԭҶɻֻţĮĥʯһԼͨڣȴѾʼıţɱĮ
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ܼ֮಻Ϣ֮䣬ҶɵǱ񸫣Ѿ֪նɱˣٸѪ֮ܡ
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Įһʼͼ߽Ѫ֮ܡôӴҵʩչֶΡǣȴƫƫҪҵңɱĻᣡ
һѾϢʱ䣬ҶɾȻûƽսֶΡˣҶɵǰ;һƬڰ
Ǹ߿ҶһߵĪҡҲͬãҶɿӳ죬شҲ⡣
ǣǶûʶʮ˲СҶɵײˣĵ⾳״ˣֶΡ
飡飡飡飡飡
֮ôܼȣȴѾǿüɣ
ѾʼãѪ֮ܡҵ׼һ㣡
һ˵Ѫ֮ܣҶɶȻоѹԼ˫Ҳ˫ʵ廯һءϾղĮ֮սͨ˼֣ǿ˼֡
ǣҶȴû֪ҪУӦһԹ֮ܳǰìܵı֡

ƣһҶɵ˸ʱ䣬ҶɵıʹһʱգƵ֮ʱ֮С
ʱԹ
һ˸ҶʱգͿʼŤΡܿ죬һƬС͵ʱԹͺȻֳ
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û˭ɣҶʩչЩֶΡΪղһս֮УҶɾѾֳˣ
ǣͬģҲû˭ỳɣҶЩֶΣͳͳã
ʱкã˺Ѫ֮ܣʱһѣȻʧЧ
㰵ɱ֮ҲûʲôáɱѪ֮ܣǾͻعѪͽù
ԣȡĴϢʱ䡣ǣⴭϢʱ䣬ʵӦ֮Ӱܾ֣
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ǰĪҵװڲѣװӶݣĵȷȷԻҶɡ
ڣҶֿûжôֶΣҲһĪҵ𣬸Իס
ֻôֶΡȷҾӰܾ֡ǡ
˵ҶɵʶƺڣԶģѪ֮ϡ
էȥҶǱ񸫣Ҳʶָ֮£ݺء
ǣκһ𣬶û뵽ʱ˿̣ҶǿޱȵǵţһʶţһƬѪеģֱ仯
ֻҪĮûܼʱĮ԰ѣˡǣҲӵг֣׽ıͨ
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Ѫ䣡䣡䣡
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ʱ˿̣ĮǣѪԵ
Ѫ֮⣬ĮѾˣµ󡣽Ѫģ˲ݵԡĮԼȻʤȯա
ʲôг֣Ҳʲô˳
ĮţΪĶ֮ϼҶһʵĲ𡪡
ĮĶԶǿ֮ǿ֮꣬ҲͬԶסǿߵͨ
ǣཻ֪ǣҲû˭֪ҵĶӵĪҡǣ͸˵ֶ˵СӣǲϵҵĶӵͨ
ĮԵãţҶܹͻʩС
Ƿ֣СӵͨͻȻĪʧЧǿ϶һʱǻʤʵҲúúõһ
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ں֮ʱʵڲطɱ
ڸΪʱҲһпܰԲţʱֵĿܡ
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֪ԼҶɣԼֳǿսԼ챦Ҳֹ𣬰֣֡
֪ͬԼֶص㣬Ѷ㡣㡣ôЩʱ֣пܱһһ⣡
ǵᣬ϶ǿҲǡ𣬾ĪңҲһùң
ֻҪǲ֣֮ʱ໥¼ɡ໥ãֻԳɣҲ赣ʲôСӣȫˣ
ĮԼţţҶɵȻԽԽڴֻǣû뵽
Ѫ
һոմĮ񱼶˵ѪͺȻܳٸѪ֮ܣ
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ĮովÿˡѪʱٸѪ֮ܣҲ˲䲼һѪ鷨
֮УûѪ顣ǣԽѪһ壬ؽ£
ҶɵĴЦ֮һʱ𵴡һ𣬲ɵøɫ䣬̲סС
ܣһ߽״ڣԴһ壡
Դ壬֤ϴĴڣпӵеͨǵȴڣҲǸӵУͨ
ӵͨĴܣҲһʱ֮Уµ塣û꣬ʮ꣬ϰݻܣµ壡
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ˣ϶ǷˣǷˣôʹ챦ôʩչͨ
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Щ͸Įľ޷赲ΪЩʵʣԾʱգ
ǣĮһʱգпܣִ͸вǣƫƫʮ˲еʱգʮռλʱգȹ̡ټϣѪ֮Ҳ߱ˣȹʱ֮ܡˣĮ׹Ҳûпܣһʱգ
ʱվ͸Į塣νѪһĻ־Ҳ˳ЩʱվĮ壬ĮĿռλ棬Įꡣ
һУֻǣǧڷ֮һɲǣͷ˵顣˵ĮȫûϵԼѪȻᣬ䡣ʶˣҲô̵ʱڣѪ֮ıʣ
˵Ҷһ䣬ԴѪһԣԶڵڰˡھŲռ֮صĪң˺üϢʱ䡣ΪѷɫһĮôܣһ㶣
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ҶɾȻܹɱĮѾһޱȾҶɾȻܹʶ죬طһͷ͸һǣ֣
ߣһΣֶα¶˲١ٵٶ࿴Σ׼ȷжϣ
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𣬻һۡȻ󣬶ĬĬģ˵ͷ
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Ҫôʱ뿪һսҪôͱתƣƻļ

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ˣǰᣬ̸ֻĿڣĿѾˣնţ𻹻Щԥǣԥʱ䣬ҲѾ̫
Ȼϣֻȥ˶̶Ϣʱ䣬һȳֹ֡ʮϢʱ䣬ȫóˣԼǿֶΣ
һΣջķᡣͨǿֶΣջ񣬸Ӿ⾳
ҶɿףļƣһһͻȻʱԼԼ¡ң˳ȡĵ⾳
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սǿҲУǿö𣡺ߣȹ⵵飬Ҷһ棡
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ȻֻǣСһؼûУ
ҶɼԶݣŮ޶ıĸʤȴ֪ʱ˿̣棬ɻء
ǰϵһġڣɫеָ̡оôϤ
ѾɣǣһʱǺףԼɻģʲôԼϤģʲô
սپ٣ðˣȻȥ׷ĪҵĲ
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ǲţֻǼ˺ܽҶɸ¡ңҶɸǸ̫࣬ʾ޴棬ҲᱻĪңǳǿȥ
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ҶɿƱ߶ߣǣǱֱ仯Ӳ졣
ǰҶ죬ᱻЩ𼶴ڸоһЩڣΪѾ𲽱ƽ۷ǽ֮ܣˣԼ֮ȥ
Ǵң˳ˣֶεǣ֮£߳ͻԽԽ˳ӡǣбǿĴڣϳƽ⡣͵ʹӣ
ԽǿᣬҶɾԽԽᣬҶǰгﱸŵļƻԽǽСģԽ꾡
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ҶɺĵģʮֻģȦӵķΧüǿиıԭй켣𿿽Ϊ˴ﵽĿģڻΪ˵ˡ
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ȥһûܽͷ󣡡
ߣͷǵ챦
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ϾûгЧЧˣҲҶɵĻūͬȻӵкǿԡ
οҲ뷨˵滹Щɻ󡣵ǡҲΪҶӵʲôɱֶΡ
ͨںϵ⾳ڲӡأֻҪӿЩ⾳ںϡǣĿɱ
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οҵսˮ׼Īҡ̫ࡣб£ɱߵǰܰѳˡȡǵռ԰Գ֣ĪҸ
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ȻҲԽԽڣҶϹǣһʱģûж
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һ졣죬졭
ʮ죬ʮ졣ʮ졭
ʱ䣬ԽԽ˵ڶ˵ǣ˫ڶԣڶ

ʱҶɼˣͷܾǡЩܾǵԱһشΣ
ʮһʱҶٴʩչһζˮ׼ѾȽӽĮˮ׼
ڶʮʱҶɵһʹ߲ռ涾ңŪһƬѪ׼£ҲòһۣŽֶθ
ȵ˵ʮ죬Ҷɸȫʩչһų֮ڻ֮ڵķѴ£ǿ˫ʱսʱ
⣬¾ǿֶˡܿܣģѹ׵ֶΣ
Ҳܸǿˣӵиǿսȫԣʱϣ
ҲѾʮƶϾһҶѾþȫ
ʾǣû漶챦ȥӦûС֣רעֶͨεĴڣ
Ҳ㺱رЩɢ𣬾Ҫ漶챦Ҳѵõ
ô۽⣬¶ۼģƳƳټӰ
֮Уϲ֮⣬һš

ʱսһֱ˵ʮ졣ȴˣܹĺŽǡ
һҶĿ
һΣֶΣȻʲôǿģԵͨһ漶챦
챦ӵһ֮Ǻ̲סͺ
һ磬ȱڡǸĻᣬпܣ棡߰ģŮޣҲݡ
ѾоѾˣĵ·֮ϡĪҡûƵ챦ڡǵսҪƶ
ǡ
ֻ𣿡ɫԵ
ܿ죡
ʲôأ
ȫչ챦ɵã
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ڣֵңʱ䲻ɲָ֮ͬʱĺ֮ͬʱ
óǣѹ׵ֶΡǳǰܣͿһΣ
ʱ䣬𣬺ȻǶѾʶʱ˿̣ԶǹСӵĵ϶ڣң(δ1328.ƣ£
Ȼһģ̫࣡
ڣտɫ֮С
ţԶݺɱģȫµֶͨΡ
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էȥĪҡǰʮУսǿĴڡǣһ⣬ô˵ˣսҪ˲ٵǣѹ׵ֶΣҲܽĪҡˣ
п֮࣬Ҷ֪Լټ㡣ô𿿽ȥпĲصᣬı뷨
ĵģһȦӡտɫȦӣҶɻòǣҵĸá
챦ǽ쵽С
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һŬ˷ǿҸãҶһ߿ŸࡣϾĿǰ˵ɱﵣԾϸʱաʯڡ
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ǡ
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ҳɾ壬ʶ飬Ѿ㹻ˡ㻹ҽܷɻ⣬ҪΪūʯ뿪Цġ˵˵ˣȥðգ㻹ǵóе޴աȥǷġ治֪ǷµĶ飬ʲôʱܻϡ
ӻʯáҶĬĬģ˵ͷ

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ʱֹ졣ҶڲòƶʱԾЩɻᣬҲʱãһ࣬˽
λǲ̫̰ģǣһȦһȦģòƶҶɣʮֽȵն첲ȣͿ֪ˡҪǵಫ
һΣĺǰǣȴǰҪѱöࡣ
ǣڼҵսС
ǣ޴棬Լ֡
ͣӦԿЩߡڣǵİԵͷ֪У׹ˣơ
һʯ׬׬ʯпܣˣҶɳ˵
սǿвܴļƹȴһشҶʮ𣬾ѾԼԶԿմ˰շôԼֻʱߡ
ҪһĥͨҶ˵ΣշӣòҪ¡ʯҲһףģ΢΢˵ͷ
룬ԽԽˡͬǰı֣ҶԾڡŬţŬֿģͨ
Сӣ뷴Ϸɣ
һ𣬿׼ʱӵģҶɾһʵ廯ĿˣҶɣ˹ȥһɲ֮䣬ͬʱʩչˣѹ׵ģͨ
ӳ죬
ŮޣҲ˲һµͨͨҶпӶݵ·ߣ׸Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼѾԷˣڶѹ׵ֶΡ
Ĵ֮£Ҳ׷׼ڶѹ׵ֶΣҶܵѹٵΣգʱ
ᣬǰǸֶΡʱ˿̣ҲһĨЦ⡭
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𣬳ͬĳ壬šУʿҲǿߡͬʱһսҾٺҲһýͷö
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ᣬ㷢ʲô£Ƕɱˣʲô鶼ᷢ
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Ů޵ɫӣϵģʱ챦ǡһʱгȥϣ
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ǸԳһԳ޴Σһ˫ɽľȭСᣬȥͿȭ֮ʱǣʱ֮תŵصȻжϣ
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գҾɽɽ֣
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ų⣬ײײײ
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ܵеҶɣһյ֮󣬱׷Сɾ֮£Ҷĵģ峯Լȥ·ȥ
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ԳѣС֮ܣѡ
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ԳҲͬΪҶɶʲô챦ԣĿ֮Ҳһʱ䣬ɫ׵ģ챦塣
ᣬ㻹Ͻɱ
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ŭŭŭ

ʱ˿̣ԳԼʮֲģλһϮ۵ȫּŭ
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ԳҲ̻⶯֡
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У⡰һΪһɻ䡣ླڣԸԱ˵УҲԸ
ΪˣˣǵľΪҲؽ𣬲ǣԶ
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ܹߵ𡣶ǱĮǿʮռλ棬۷弶ڵս֮УǶȵġеȣϵȡ
ΪɱҶɣǼˣѾԽԽҪ˺Ƥţɽ͹Ů˵Ҳͬ
ǹŮޣЦЦģţɽԽǲش⣬һԽǸеɻţɽǰƣǵѾȻ޴档ڸǣλ䣬Իָ
úúãţɽǹŮ޶зëֻһҧݺݵ˵ͳȥӲˡƣϣһˣ
һ˲䣬ǹɫ䡣ǣҪӦȴѾˡֻţɽݺݵĳͨȻ󣬾ͷɵֿʮ˲ų֮Լ˳ȥ
ѹ£
ͬһ˲䣬ǼѸٷӦ˳ţɽͨһʩչֶΣΧ
ǣȫǻ쵰
ãͨ졣һ챦ͨࡣ㶸Ȼ⵽ִҲܹزܡ

ÿ֡
Ҷɺͻʯǰ龰
ڵҶ˵ЩѾǶǿսһʮһҲͬţԼͨƣһһɱ
˵ʯ϶Ҫ֡ѾԼҲǻʯԼҪһ𣬼ĥԼͨʯҪһѧϰ˵Ĺ
˵ҪҪǹƣʯٺЦһòӢ۾
ʯǵǰǸǿڸ壬Ҷɸɱվڣ⹬Ƶߡڻ˵ɫʯʶλѾҵ⹬Ƶ׷ߡ
㰡㡣Ҷҡҡͷгˣǣֻˣӵĳ̶ȡ
Ӣ۾Ȼ׳õϢ
ҲֻǷӣֿܣ
ʯ˵ŵʱҶɲˣĽ쾴䡣
еŮˣǷӡ⹬ƣ飡
λ֮䣬Ľ쾴֮ôҶɵҲ⣬һӢ۾
ֻϧҶɿף⹬ƷһŮޡ䣬ܹĴڣ»ûг
ǵȴڵҲѾܹӣ׷ݣ
ʯ侪ģǼģ˵һ䡣ȻĨ⣬ٺЦ
ˣǾ;䡭(δ1339.ƣ
ò˵⹬ҵǿߣȷʵˢӡţɽҲֻƻ
ʮȥΪ빬ƴµΧһȻʮ죬ûκνչ
ӣǾ͵õϺöˡʯҡҡͷЩɺ
ȼսҪôʮ֮ڣԿʤӡҪôʮꡢꡢǧꡭڣü꣬Ҳϡ档
ּսڻʯѾûκβοֵʵϣˣĻιĶǣȤҶַ˼սıЩֱֱȥսʵ᲻Ȥ
ҶȴҡҡͷٺЦʯʯ㻹ǲԡ
˻ʯʵ
ţΪʲôҶɷʡ
Ϊ̽Ϣ˽һ£ھŲռģǸǿڰԲԣʲôϵ
ʯɶͷԣףҶһ棬Ĺ
ϵ̫ˡҶɺٺЦҪ̽ϢͷǵȺöꣿʮǰ㲻ǻ˸⡣ѲɣͲٳһ
ʯɵֻǼûֶթ°ӵ顣Ҷôһѣ̾üЦģ
ٺ١ˣ
ʱ䣬ʯ仯Ҷɵģ뿪

ƣǺοࡣ˵֪һУȻ뿪
ûӣǹҲԶܡ㲻˵ҲϸҸɣϹɽ
е𣬺ȰеơЩЩѾ˵˲֪ٱ顣
ȥҶԹЩһЩ֮Уʱʱģĳ⾳ܡڰԹ۵ҶɣҲɵðԵͷޣ
ǹҡóңһֱ˷׷ţҿ϶ٴʧ޷ǿȡһֱ
߶Ѿ˲ʱ䡣ǹƼزֶҶɵǵһο
ٺõķҲֲıơǿܹ֮ľǡıƣ
дܣǣڡ˺öϸ棬Щ䣬һһҶҲ˽⵽ˣʷ¡
֮ǰǿ˵ǴܴڣѰҲûм
ûдҲ޼ռõԴ֮١ĽһƾһĽݼΣҲܷչڣһпϸ
ıƣ壬𡣽죬ʢǽڣǲģıƣ֮ϣ
ǡ
ǱߣòֺǣҶʮֱĵģҡҡͷ
ǵĻʵ̫ǵͨأǵĵۺ񣬾ǵ챦ǿ󡭡ǣʲôǰ;ԣ
ҶɿǻԼȥԼҵһְ취ƵǿƵ
ҶɿǹҲһְ취ԽʮǿУһһɱ
ʮһȫ뿪ţɽһͷţڣţȥʮһȴ˳õģս֮СȻ˵ھŲռʱƣѾꡣǣõĶȥѲɣǾͲģб䣿
Ҷһһϸϸĥһ򣬾󲿷ֶڣַ˼㣬ŻȻ֡սҲ߱ǳµϸ˼µıܷӦ
һΣҶûжٱܷӦǣ˼㣬ģüͷ΢
ԣ£ֻǱڱ
âҶɵ˫֮У΢΢˸
ԭƽʶѸٷһһ룬Ƿڵʶ֮Уð˳
ǵھŲռǿڣʲôڣȻʯ۷ǸеĴڣ᲻¶ݣ
㣬ҶʮȷţһԼȥĴڣʩչֶΡ
ڣҺͻʯȥǿ֮ܡȻҿǣҲܣҵĴڣ
һҶɺȻ֣ЩǱصǿȣԼƣȻǣԼֱڣûб¶
ҲһֶΣһԹģǿֶΡٺ٣ЩгֵģĪЩ֣ɾеĿˣ
ҶЦţΪԼ˶еңΪЩгֵǿߣĬ(δ1340.Ҿ֣ϣ
ʯˣȥ˲ʱ䣬Żת
Żʯһ𡰻Ȼߴ࣡
ⲻòҶɣ֡
ԭʹڵھŲռʵ١ʮ˲Ȼô𣿡
˭ˣӴģһɫģ۷弶ڣᷢҶһģһľ̾
Ϊ߼
ʮ˲ӵǿΪʲôʮ˲⣬ûб鲼ǣΪʲôʮ˲ڵĶûбЩռ죿
ʱ䣬ҶɺȻ֣ԼȻӵˣôҪ⣡
㣬ĪЩǿӽƲ㡣һ·ҲѾİٶ۷弶ڣ
İٶ۷弶ڣǺεӴ⻹ǵھŲѣ⻹ǻʯѰھŲռжڣȥжĴڣ
ҶɰԲ²ţԳԾš
ôһӴţʮ˲Χ壬Եò˼飡
ôһӴţⶫĵ΢ʵԵò˼飡
ҲһǾǾϽģٸ֮С֮һ
ɵãҶɵ꣬΢΢¶ȻʶⶫУ»ţʲôܣ
ԭΪֻʮּ֣ڿ
ңţʯšһȺ𡣺ƺƵģ߷˶Ҷɵ˼ȴѾ뿪ȥȥ˺ԶԶ

䣡
ֻҪʯһͣİٶĺͻЩеѾֻ֪ҪǰСӡջ쳣޴ĵ⾳ЩֻǱʯͻȻϮŭˣŻβ׷
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䣡
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һΣʯûʩֶΡ;ãǰһʶһңǸɶСӣͻȻʧ
۷ܲ
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ܹǵ죬ǵı£ͬСɣ
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ĪңǣĻôǿ
ʯһεģᵽˣĳЩǿߵĽƻ
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ʯĿ⣬ԽѾһƬʱգͶǵھŲռĸ(δ1341.Ҿ֣У
ңңң
ʯİٶ𣬲ûȫ⶷Ȧ֮УǣĻս棬ȴҲѾ޷ء
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ǹƣҲȫûѡҲǳ壬ȻһЩﰵѴڡˣҲʮվ˹һߡ

Ҷľ棬ҶɺͻʯѾԤϵġҲʮԽӴĻսԽԲٿء˫ƾУֻҪ˫ѵأĬս飬ôҾ־ע޷־ȥ
κһ΢Сı䶯ᵼսֱսֱ֮ǹҪΪʯٺЦһǹƿ϶ѡһ·ǾھŲȥʱ򣬾¶飬ֻҪҲһ֪
Զ˶٣ǻʯּ˵ϧһЩҶɣʲôʱ򣬲ܸ
Щ䰵𣬲ǲĪҡҲ϶ҪӹŪǵھŲڵϢֻҪƶҲ϶ᶯֻжϣǵ׻ôƶ
񣬻ʯҲһЩǿ߹õС֣໥ϡеĸеںܺ棬͵͵۲죬СʯҲܿ뵽
ֻǣʯĽԶӦǰ⡣˼·۹⻹ģҲڡ
ܼ򵥡仯һ¾ͺˡ
ʯסˡ
ȷǳǳļ򵥡򵥵޷š
ǣⷨȴ֣ǳǳĺáпܣЩڰģͬӵǿ֮ܵĴڣҲͬ뷨
Ҳ˵Щ湬ƶȥ棬пܣŹ֣
ʯǿʤģԶҶֱ˵ȻѾϡЩڵ֮ܺǿǣǾãЩڵı仯αװ֮ܡδҲôǿ
ҶֻЦЦûж˵ʲô

ѾͷһΡʧˣ
ս֣ŵھŲǰʱһλ׷Բԣ޵ͷģѵ
껵꣬˴⣬˵ʮһռ䡣Ҳܱ
Ƶɵ΢΢鴤
ȷţɽЦ˵˹֮ʱ֪ԼˣһģһĴǾǣ֮ģиδ֪֮У룡
ʮ˲Ҷ˵һҪ̽Ŀռ䡣
ʮ˲ܣҶ˵Ҫ׷Ϸпսҿ
ǣڹ֣ʮռλ⼶˵ռ䣬ȴʲôؿռ䡣ܣȴѽ֮գ
֪ЩܣЩ빬ҹϵ֮Իʮ˲ҲΪ֪Щܡܣˡھ˵ܡһС˵ȴʮʵ顣
Ͻѵǣƴˡ
ϴˣͷҲͲٶ˵ʲôԼȻҹϵܺãǣҲİԼɳͣȥѵơ
ˣʧ֪ǸҾ֣ھŲĸû׼ܸǸһһЩ鷳
˵ţЩ˹ƲǣҲ⣬ɭЦ

ߡ
ʱʱ䣬ϡƵʮ𣬾Ϳǰ·ʱ˿̣Ѿ뵽ھŲռĵش
ǰеٶȣرסǰ֮ʱ¡
β˹ֻٲΪðգɢ뿪
Ҿ֣Ҳ˳ƴ˹
ɱ
ͻȻǾȻͺһƵ׼˲ʱ䣬תɱ˻ȥ
סҪǱƹȥ
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ǾϣҲֻһƶѡߵһ·һ·°СͻȻɱȥʱЩҲεЧ˵С
Щβ׷ǣҲһЩ׼ǾϵԤֶΣҲô⡣
ƣ׼ıⶸȻ֮Уʩչھϵ֮еĻʯô񫡣
һֵˣѧôııҵսضǣ
ѧ𣿡Ҷһװϵ𲢼սһûģץʱ䣬ЩڵټҲǾֻ
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ʯЦţʩչˣһһֶΡ(δ1342.Ҿ֣£
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˵Ҿ֮Уֶ֮£Щͷһ¶˳ǣЩ֮ܣҲѾ㹻ûʯ𾯾
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ҶɿʲôųŸǿĴڷսģǳǿ֮
Ҷɵ֮ѩȴڶ޹ġҶȻ֪Լ֮ı뺷֮ǣʯϸʱգڣȴ֪ˣҪǿҶɵһҶǰ֮ĳǿǱܡԣѩŻҶɶ˸֮Լ
ԭͻѲĻʯѧҶɵ֮䣬Ƿ䣬뺷һͿǣȻҪƾҾ֣ƣʩչֶΣܰЩһһھûʯòѡ
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촩ΡҾ֮Уûжôء
֮ҲûʲôѣҲҶʯԵôۡ
˵ڻʯֶ֮£ЩȻ¶ݵһٲȻΣء
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Ҿ֮УѾ˺üȦӡʮҲʿɶֹ
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ܰͰˡ
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ҶɵĲ²ôһϸ飬ôľͻٽһءܿܣһؾ磬ѩ顢Էǰľ磡
νģʽҶһĲ룬Ҳеڡ棬ôҶڵȷûа취ϸæ
ʯ˵ţȴΪϸеϧϸŵʱ䣬ȸҶദʱϸ롣
ǺǣþɥҶɺǺЦţĻʯļ򣬡Ȼûͣǣȴûа취
˳ҶɵĿ⣬ʯһ˹ȥ˫Ҳ͵رˣ⣡
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ٵֿˡܹͨӦָĿĳɫѿҵҪ˭бƵ⼫
С飬ùڻ
һڳ໺ˣȻǵǸҪȽڰ˲ռĳüͣ
ᣬҲֱۿǳüͣһ𣬷֪֮䣬й
˵ǳüͣûжӡҶˡҲû뵽ǳȥĪ֣ǳüͶĪΪǿߣһУȻкı
𣬸Ļϲ⡣ĪҽĳɹˣҲ䲻κκô
ҶаţλһĪɨȥͿĪɫʮѿĪ૵
ȻңߣĪҲǺĽɫ
żɢȥ׷ٵ֮ҶɸйŹ֣
䰵͵͵ʩչֶεЩҲɳ˺üɣ۷弶Ȧӣҿɵúúô̽һ
Ҷڰ˼ڳѯʣϽô¶ˣ
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Ŷüͷһʵô죿
򵥣ɱ⣡(δ1343.Ե
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ֻǣҶɻǻʯʱûпŹֵࡣ
һף۹⣬ǳһƳҶͻȻ󵨲²⡣
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ڱ¶ʱ˵ǣʼգҶʯûпǳʲô
˵ǼһӰε챦˵ǽ͵ĹŹ֣ܿڣĳӰε챦
챦ǼöŪ̿θˣʯĵЦţҶɣĲ

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ǣͲһˡʱϣʱҲˣһɹǿѹ
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ڣϵ˹Ҷɲ³ȷ𰸣ʱѾȥ˺üʱ
ļ룬һѹ󡣿ǡȴǰšϾֻǾ챦Ļڳ˭ûУ
λǾͲҪ˰ɡ
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ǳûʯ̿סЦ⻰˵ģһһ³Ҳһ
ҶԴģ˵ͷ
Ĳ룬²ɡ˵Ҷڵһ۾ܲ³һЩʲô
󲿷ӣϸȥҶ˵
ʯ˵ͷƻʵЯϸ棬ƮȻԶȥ
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𣡡
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統꣬һϵֶΣҲ׺쳣
ͿһѾ޴ѪɢɱȻǼսĳ𣬸˺üأ
䣡
һʿ񣬷׷׼ǿֶΣͬС
ҶɣȴɵЦϣҪһЩ٣д٣Ƥ񣡡
һ֣ȴΪԼ϶ӮȻҲԶԤǣⲻҪ뷨
ϵһ֣ǣϵʵĿģȴҪӶݡҶɿףøס
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ϻӣҲӣһЩ𣬻ڰʱ֮Ӷݡ
ǣ˼ǣȻһ𲻿ӡһЩжϴ󡣵ǣЩȴĿġ
ĪңԼǰѶļλĴڣ
ǲǣ۷弶ڡȶԣỹһЩĮǼν۷ڣ
۷Ȧӣȫ˽ҶɣʱǺΪʲôȻϸ̵˺ЩҶɵõˣЩ䡣ǣڵվ⿴羰⺺
⺺ĬĬڰ
Ϻһ𣬳ɹӶˡ
ǹƱ
ڻʯİ£̵ʮ𡭡
ĪҺͬҲȻչֳˣƣ
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ѾȺնɱʮĽͣ͵ͣ
ԭ߰Ļ̴ӣҲϵˣ
һλٸģȻӦĪҾȻվٸԶԵõλܵͣ
𣿻ѵЩνĴܴڣߣҲһЩǰĴڣ
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ʱ˿̣ӵģѾߡûõģȫɱν𡢻𣬾ֻʹȥĹƣǻˡ
ҶɲûϵԼĲ߻Ҿ֣ȻݱҾݱˣԼԤ֮иõĽ֡
ڣĵӸ˳ãٶܾˡеĺôȫռ
ֻϧԸõģʵǲпġߣ¶ơߣ˵šһսҲûٴȥ(δ1344.ţߣ̣
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ٸҲƽһЩ
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ǣߣƸʢãҲûҵֵܹİ취
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ԭ챦ˣ
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ͳķЦţһʥˮǹƵüġȻˡһһĵ֮һƬʱ֮УȻ𡭡

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ߵսҶֻĬĬĿ˼·ȴѾչˣĵطȥ


һҽУھŲռĳ֣ĪҵڴˣͻȻ֣һҽеģǿ˶Դڱš󣬺Ȼ仯ˣģֻǣܵëڣԵɭֲ
ĵˣҲʮֹŹ֡ʮ㽵ģǿŵŵԴ˫֮УȴҲʮֻ֣̿ʮ־壡
ֻǣգսʤ˻֣̿ʧսʤ˾塣Ϳſ죬ݺݵһǿű仯˵ԴѸٸɱȥ
˵һ
ĿЦţЦȻ˿˿ζ

ţڻ߳ˣڿԼǸʬɽѪҽصĿֲ֮ء
Ҫǣţûз裬ţûбѪħøľΪȻһ嵽ˣʥһ߽ף
̶ǧʱ䣬ҾͽʥɣţĵЦŵЦ֪ʦڲȼʦ᲻һ
ԭͺϲֵţģٺЦţֱʮ˲ڶռڴ˹ȥ

Ҷ˼ǣõԤʲôֶΡ
ͺҲȫϵõԼԤֶΣ׻ᵼĽȫϵһֻڶֻʥһ߽׵ϣ׻Լļƻ޷Ƶıʡ
ֻţԼӦ顣
ҶҲֻͬţԼӦ顣׼ˡ(δ1350.ᣡϣ
սʱỹԷ겻ɽ
սʱͲòƶ
˵ҶǷצģ㽹͡ǣҲ١Ϊϵ͵ᣬܿߡǺ⿰Ƚ͡ˣòϽܡ
˵ҶڵľΪȥץĮǵȴڣҲֵ硣˵Щ۷嶼ûܴﵽĴˡ
ǣĶܣȴҶɺȻһ֣޷ƿصĸо
һģ
Ҷɲûжô棬ǡǡ෴¶һ˿֪ˡЦ
ҶɳˣǷУıԳСǹĶܣǡǡܵˣҶɱƿص֮ڣ
ⲻ⣬ǣҶɵľƣ
ս󲿷ʱգͳͳ𵴲
ҶǷĶȻǡǡסˣ볤ľ·ߡ
ýɫͻϮѰͻϮҶǷȻֵʱ򣬽ͺͳûа취ʱᡣ
һ޵ļطӶݣҲ·ӡӶݵôô졣յĿĵأҲֻôѡ
Ҷɵĳԣʱ˿̣һηӳ˾˵ЧáΪļĿĵأӲˡпȥĵط
ᣬľǣӶݵȥ
Ӷ֮ĵȷȷʮǹΣҶɷ·𿴼Լ
꣬ҶҲùΣӵ˵ħצ֮УȫӶݶȥ뵱꣬Ҷʥɼ𼶻ѻභʱҲùΣȻԶȥ
ȥҶɣĵȷȷһģڡֻǡ
֪
ᣬǲֻӶݶǸղŻǻֵ̿顣Ȼ֮䣬ͱ飡
ǧɱɱɱ
ǧһһ󣬼ɱǵȴڣɱ
ǧĿ֮ҶҪԽսҪڿ˼ơǡǧᣬҪԽףԽסҪɱУɱУ
ֻϧ
ǲԣ
ҶЦ࣬ȻǧɱģȻҶɵı
ղţֵһ̣ǵĵȷȷҶɵı
ǣһ֮ȴֺȻת䣬Ҷɵһ߷
㣡
־ŭģͺ
㣡
㣡
㣡
ĻһƬխʱ֮У𵴡ͺУһƬխʱ֮Уи
֮һ֮
ҶɲòޣΪҶɲò̶ܡ
ȻҶѾˣа֮ңĵطǣһУȴٽһҲʩչκ֮С
ֻˣ˵һϣȴҲ˵ãɫ䡣
ⲻܣ
Ҷȴ·֮ϣͬĻͬеиֹģκһ׷֮
֮
ǣֻӵѪĴڣʩչ֮
ǣӵѪǣҲֻô֮һ𣬷ʩչ֮
ܹʩչ֮𣬶ᱻĳ֮Ϊ𣡣
ǵģѾʸԳֹ߲ͬһڣȻ׳Ϊˣ½𣡣
ڵҶɣ֪Ǿ˻ŵġⲻܡζʲô֪ԼһߵĽ֣ⲻ֪֮УȻչֻ֪ʱ˿̣еһУûƫԼģԭƻ
ԭƻӦǡ
ܣǰܶ˶˵ⲻܣ
ҶʮַģЦǴЦУ񸫣Ȼƿ֮ᣬͷȥ
ᣬپ
ͨⲻܣ
ῴʲô
ȻǶģҫ⣡
䣬Ϊҵ֮ͨУ̺֮⡭Щ̾ãҵѪǾãҲԣҪɱңҪɱң
ʱ䣬ͺסˣ㶼֪㡣ֻǲϵģ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪɱңΪʲôΪʲôǲɱ
úܿ죬е໤񸫣ҲѾնɱǰ
ʱ
ҲҲҲ
Ȼ֮䣬˻ߵģͺһͷ˵ĸʨӣΪ˱Լ䰮ĶˣѪеģ
ˣҶ񸫣ӿȥնɱסĿ񸫣ǶȻס󣬳ױ(δ1351.ᣡ£
ΣҲ벻ƾһ߷ϵĵԼһû걾ԴĲл꣬Ҷɾܳ׸Ƴߣڣܲӵе
ͺ˱֮ǰҶҲζ벻ԼѾȥоô֮Ȼܹģǧںһ
սԽԽҵķˡ
ţղ˫ζҶɲɵգգ۾ĸпһһͣЪļ
ԽսԽɱУֻҶı
սսͻƣҶģεı֣
һ·ҶɼʶģʽǿߣҲʵˡҲȱ֮ĴڡǣЩŴڣ඼ҶǴӡɽˮ׼ҶɻûĴڣ
սںϡһսԶиӣ
䡭
ֻϢ֮䣬ҶɾͨöͨÿһεĽһ˲
Ҫ˵ںϣҶ֮ͨУҲΪ١ϸ棬ʱ棬ݻ򣬶Ҷޡ
ټϣʱؾ֮УһȫݻĴռ䡣ڽʮռλ֮ȻݻˣҶɵջҲʵС
˵һ沽
Ȼ˵ֱڣҶɶ֪ģǣ̺ŵһЩԴ֮𽥵ģҶȻʼգʼںϽˣԼ֮ͨС
Ҫ˵ںϣҶ֮ͨУںϽˣǿģ֮
ֻǡ
ȱݡֻڸǿĥʯѹ֮£֣
ԼͨŴαҶɷǵûоɥûлšǡ¶һ˿΢Ц
սУҶɸУ
սǱ֮£ǱȻżȻҶǡ׼Ϊ֮
ԭҶΪҪֱ𣬲ܻ㹻ǿѹܵõ㹻õĥ¡ǣƻǲ仯ÿ졣ᣬԭȥõĶʱҶɵͨˣ㹻ǿѹ
ͨΪͨǿֻΪ㷨֮ںϣԶ̸
ȶԣսǣںϵĳ̶ȣȴҪԶʤҡⲻҸΪ֮ıԵʣ
һսδ֪ջδ֪ǣһջȴѾʮˡǾǣһսΪҶƿˣһȫµĴţ
ĳ֣֪ԭԽĴڣҲ֮УȻڡ
սȴ֪ԭ֮򣬻ܹȻȻģǧںϣ
棬ʲôܣŵ棬һڣǰ֮䣬ֻЩĹ
һһ򣬴Ҷɵʶ֮Уֳ
һһʣҶɵĺۼ
࣬ȥҶɲûϵһ顣ҶɵͨһδαҶڻȻϵһ
࣬ȥҶɴû顣ҶͨһδαҶˣڲ
飬ǰ֮ţ棬Զʤҹȥ룡
飬֮صţ棬ҲԶʤҹȥּ㣡
ģ᲻ˡ
΢ЦʼչҶɵǡէȥ΢ЦǰڣûʲôǣŶţὥ΢Ц֮ŵģǧľ
ãڸУںϣ֮
ᣬҶɵ˼ᣬֻ΢оһ㣬ǰ΢ЦĲͬѰţ΢оܵóôõĽۡǣǣѰţ
սߣ
׼ȷ²ҶҲͬӵ֮һѡ⣬˲ˣǰ
ߣ
ɲ֮䣬˾
ûʲô⣬º˶ЦԼҲûν߾ߣѸپҵˣԼӦ顣
ϣ
һεģҶɲòĴָԳޡ
׼ȷģΪϵѡ񣬱սѡҶɽֵģǿ֮Уǿ糤ûһ㡣꣬ǳٴһЩٹһЩҶֻʤȴܵõٺô
ǣȴˣĹˣҶǼĥ֮ĥԼͨĴ㣬˲ա
ӿŵǣĹˣȫȫģ˽͡
ӿŵǣĹˣȻԼˣϸʯ֣޷赲ƣ
̫ԽԽ㲻ã
ʱ䣬ҶҲʮֹϵģƻ׸ı䣡(δ1352.
ƻڱ䡣һΧɱļƻԭȺ˺üΡֻǣûһΣ䶯˾ҡ䶯ãûʯһʱģûܷӦ
Ӣսȷ
ſڣǾҪһԵģڳǣȫȥǣѾٴΣս˿ռλĹƣҲҪŹģͳͳȥ
ҪģȻᣬʯϸףȱؼҪءǧ壬ӵѪᣬܿܳΪǹؼҪ֮һ
Щ𣬸Ƕɫϸȫ룬еĹؼҪأô걸ˡ
ڻʯԼϸΧԴ˭ܵõ
ڻʯҲΪ˸ҶĻᣬЩ𣬾Ѿϸһ̵ˡ
ʱ˿̣ǿʯûз֣ǳ˵ᣬȻţԳƷ
Ҫ˵ϻ
ƽһΣʯƽһΣҶŻʯ
ʯɵһʶЩԡ
ĺÿ죡
ٶ̫죬ûʯ

ʯͺţӶݶȥķ棬ģһͷͷ޴ǡ
Щǣǵԭֻҵˮ׼ѡЩʯɱ˲۷弶ڡЩܾҲˣ۷弶Ĵڣ
𼶿ܣҲڡνģ֮ꡣǣʯЩܾڣûп֮ꡣӵеģǻʯĻ֮꣡
ã棬ûãʱң
һͷͷĿܾǡֱ˹ȥҪֱӽ¡ҶȻһ𣬻ʯҲʶᣬ򵥣
˳ȥĿܾǣҵʱաǱҵʱգȲǽأҲ֧飬ѱ档˻㱲֪ڣ
Ǳǿֶ档ǣȻ׹ʱյʱǲ֪롣
һΡᾭ鲻⡣Իʯǻ֮ͬҶ׹УҲæҺһӡ
ᱻסˡʯЩͿˡ
ⲻͦ򵥵ֵ
ʯ׳գڶΣҶɿ
ʱ˿̡Ҷɻڸ·ϡһڶݷٶ棬һΪԼĴڡ
ҶѸϸҲжһΣҪҵ׾뽫
ǱΧˣ
˭Ǻǿ
ֱʱǱߵŷ֣ʯϸĴڡǲǺεȼĴڡֻоԼ΢΢ţȻս
߽ѹǸ߽ѹߴڣҲָܴ߽ѹ
ӣӣӣ
ûһеӣ߸ǿĴڣǿϾǰӣֶԿҲ޻ʤĿܣ
ˣ
ʲô
ѾһξĽͣȻ֣ȻûԶ룡
Ӧøɵ顭𾲾Цţڵķ˲ƶȥ
ˣֱǷˡôҲòŴԼţͷҲصģԶݶȥ

볤ཻĽͣⳤΪ˵ⳤ𣬶֮£ȫ˽Ҷˡ
ϸ֣ȻĹʱ򡭡
ڣǻʯһϽʩչֶͨεʱ򡭡
ЩĵҶɣȻǳҪģһʱգ˹
һȵͣ
ֻǿкȥľΪûʯײԸֱ档
ⳤ𣬾ȻȥһľΪȻȼշֲֻ
ȻҶôηҶôԶԶǿԼĴڣһ̣Ҳģʱͣ˽Ų
ҾȻˡ
ͬһ㣬ʱգݺȥĳҶɵǣ¶һ˿ĿЦ
˭ûиµʱ
ֻǣѾкܳܳʱ䣬ҶɶѾûΪ£ģͣ
Ҷû¹ȴڣȻҲҺ¡
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷҶ΢΢̾Ϣ
䣬ԽǸߵȼĴڣȴԽȱˣľġ
νƥ򲻿Զ־⡰־Ҳһȫ汬֮ʱǻʯϸ֣Ҳоˣв
ǿ־Ҳǿ־ĥҵ
ৣৣৣ
ɵҶɣ˲ٶȶȻʮǳ𼴽ʯϸ֮ʱҶˣǰ(δ1353.նϣ
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ǿ۶ɵһĥ£Ҷɲ֪
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ԭҶΪһֻȥˡϾǿʯҲÿҶɴڼգųž
û룬һΣҶ֣
ٶʲôͨǿʲôٶȸߵͣЩȥ̸˶ķ֣ԷԼ侫׼ģԤϵԼһж
ԭˣҾ˵أССϣΪʲôôǿսŭţţԤУҲһ֮أ
һ⣬һģţ˲Ҷˣѵ֮С
죡Ҷο㣡
ɱɱɱɱ
ҶɾͿľ͵һƬƬۣ֯һ㣬Լ
ⲻѰ䣬ƬƬ۵й켣һ߱ɱҶʦ۹⣬Ȼ˲ʱ޷Щ󷨵֮ڣ
󷨽ȱ֮Ȼ֮ԿΪѾȫ泬ң
ֹȫ泬ǻʯϸ֣ûģֹˣ
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ھƴܼ
ƴ룬Ҷɵʶ֮Уһܿ죬ѡˡӲⳤģӰϮ
ƬƬۣƬƬӰƬƬӰʱ޷ҶɣҲ޷㿪⵶Ӱиʱ䣬Ҷɺö˶˵һ壬ͱǳͨնɱˣĻڣ
ٻԤСҲ㲻ɱ֣
𲢲֪ҶɵԤУǽǿ֮ϡҲҪ֪ԵɡֻסҶɡȻԾƵҶɸѹסôܻʤ
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ۻ䣬Ӱи
ҶɸɴνŲĬĬĶšǷ׷ɼ֮С
һġȫ˽ĳҲһܹǿǿ֣޷ô׼ģҵصİ취
ֻҪɣҾͿҳߡȫѹңһΪģżȻĴڡôǿҲᶮã
ս֮ʤ֮Լ̡֮֮
ǣҶҲܣҲܸϵϳ
ǣҶɲҲһܹ÷棬ȫѹ𣡣
ÿо
ǿĹҶʱп䡣ǵôǿҲܳסַ񹥻
˵ϲֻһһ֣ǳʮԼȻսõǣʱȴԼΪ
ݲð㵢Ҫֲڵ׷ɱһҪһʱ䣡
ȡԶڡ
һʱֻһʱʱ䣬ȥƴ
֣꣬
ֻǳһӣһƵͭƯǳֱߡ
Ҷɷ֮ͭУһĹͷ֡ǹͷģȻҶڵòżƣ
Ҫǻóҵò챦ֱӶ꣡
ʱ䣬ҶɾޱȾжϳ챦֮ͨ
꣬ҺΣ
ĵҶɣȻ˫ۡ
ȻʧЧˣ
ʶ챦ȻͨȡҶɵľ𽥻ûҶɵıĿǣҶɻ۾ǹ֮еӰ񣬾Ȼʧ
϶ǣϵȻĹŹ
ȲεĴڣ˽⣬ĴáҲżģоĳЩǿɨӡǣȴãȻ֪ȥ
һΣǳƽһΣʶͨܡԼԲˬĹ챦ȻôֹŹƽ⣡
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ڵңҲȹٴڽӣ
úֻˣյİԼúܣ׵úܡ(δ1354.ն£
񸫡ͨ
ԭԲӦҶɣȻ֮䣬һζˡһէȥһ˫ӰֻǣĳԶĻʯʱʶ˸Ǳ˸ͨǱͨ
Ȼ۳񸫣
ʯģ
ȥͨɵ䱾ʴڣǧڣӽˣ⼸УҶģ֮
ڵͨȴԴƮ졣ȥֻǿѡѲɣΪԴطǰͨ
ʯ֪ʯ⡣
͸֪ʲôûиף
壡壡
ţ۶ɵһ˫ӰⲢûʵʻͨӰĳǰʵʻͨȻҪ
ʶģǳΪҶ;ƺ˵塣ĴڣΪ˵Լһ̤
Ҳȫ˵𴿴ǱӰҷա
ȷһʼҶɻûͨʩչһʼҶɸܲ£ʲôء
ǡһδεģĬĬǳײ֮رǣڳɹֹ˹֮Ҷɱˣˮ׼ͻͽ
ʱҶɾǡɣǳҪ֮ײ֮ǣһҶɣꡣǺҶ˳ƶΪ壡
ȻֻǲִٶΪǣɽѾû˷̵Ļᣡ
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ͨ˫ֻǣĵͨôܶù׷٣
ʯأ͵ؾ
˵֮Ҳ˵áǲ˸Ҿ֡ʯΣû취Ѱҳʯĥץúоһ£ƽЩ֮ڣҶȴѾĸ߻ʯӦȥƣ
ֱƽֻҪԷͨǻڵֶΣ˳ƽ⣡
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ǰǣҶܽǰһ˫Ӱڵһ˫Ӱںһ
һΣʯޱĸоҶɼķͬǵһΣʯޱĸоˣҶɵսԼ֮ϣ
һΣ󵨲²⣬֮ĹؼǾѾţԽҵơڣԿȱ֮սң
һΣ϶ΪһһҲʲô֮£ֹȫ泬Խ
ʯͺһߡ
ģ֤ϴʮǧ
ǿģѾ֤ϴǱؽ֤ϴ
һƿɹͻˡʲô֮Լʱ䳤̫ףϸҲɵõ̾̾
ʯϸ֮ǳľֶ֮ΣȴضûӳȥǳףԼǵȲᡣԼҲһ֪Сӵϣ
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ǽͶ֪֣֮֮֡ǿ绨ǵȴڣûܳ
ΪֻΪδΪ֪Ψᣬܾң
ԣᣬʮ˲
ԣԸټԸҲҪƽ⣬еĶ
ԣŻ޷˵ģԸƽڸԼΪۣҪȳ
ڡ
ģѾˣ
£Ҷɻ޷ҲһܹжϡΪǳӴƣǿѹȻʼɢ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾռϷ磬ҲѾתǣΪõǿһʱģҶҲû취ǳնɱ
ԭҶǴȳȻɢȴû룬ӷ㿪ʼ㣬ֻȥʮϢʱ䣬ǳѾ𽥱
ףǸѾ޶ӵõᡭ
תͷٿԶΪٱĳ𡭡
Ҷ̾˿ҡҡͷ
ˣˡһ£ǰʹ࣡
䣡
񸫣Хţ򳤵ģ˫Σ(δ1355.Ҷɵָ㡭
ϲϲ
ʯϲɫģء
ǷԷθĹأʯΪҶɵĳԽеκβǡǡ෴ΪԼܽʶһѣ֡
ҾûмǸ׳աֱڣҿ֮ܶ档δڳԽ档Ǹ׳ҲӵУǿʯһ߹ֵأһ߰Ե⡣
ʱҶɣֻսԽʯ粢ûԽʯˣʯǰ㣬ܹܵԽ֮󣬽Ես
ʯȴʮ
ϸ
ǻڵڰ˲ռʱ棬Ҳͬʮ
ǷǵѾиоһЩ뿪֮󣬿ܻԵսǸǴѩ΢֪һЩԼ󼴽Եķա
ΪˣǲŻʮŬʱ棬ƢŬ١
ڣǷ֣ԼҶԵѣԼӵһǿıߣ

ҳ֣
ĿƽģͬûͷӬһ㣬ⷽԲʮխռҴײᡣҶͬƽĿһλߵģѯʡ
ǣǻʯϸáʲôסǸԼҶɣѾһȥˡԼģΪҶɱﵵݣҲѾһȥˡڵҶɣǸ߸ϵĴڡԺҶɣһӸ߸ϵĴڡ
ʵʱҶɣûнԼķڣνλߵλ֮ϡƽֻΪڵնɱһᣬѾûκ⡣
ǣƽĿѯʵݡԼսĵߵ仯ȴûʯϸ㱾ãҶȻΪԼλߡ
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ԽĴڣһ棬Խǻᾪ֡
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ֻظ磬м£Ժģ
綼˲ˣ˲ϻֻص𾪡˲ʱ䣬Էͻһ磬֪١

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һӵһǿơһ˸һǿĽ֮֮ܣѹϸʮģûж⡣ǣȷشϸǿɡʮ֮ͻա
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󷨼תҶɱע룬󷨵ҲԽԽǿ
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ŭϣԼУȻûɱֱںݺݵĳԼ档

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ȻǳǣλǰȻ۷ȻΪ˸СﰵĴڡðɣǰϣϵ顣ԺҼ诲ٹܡϼĹҼҲٹܡ
ΪСļ诣Ȼȴ΢΢죬΢΢Цţ˭֪ЦЩʲôЩʲô

ʮ˲֮ⷢ飬ʮ˲Ĵڣû˭֪ˣ
Է֮ʱԾͣһ¡ô˻ᣬʯʩչЩ赲ֶΡȻ󣬾ʹҴ۷
Էʧ֮ʱ΢΢һ¡ʯûȥ۲ЩĪȻ۽ǵƳ״ȴҲŪס
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Īҵ˵ɫǲ԰׻ֵ̿ãɫ
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ϾʱѩԷŮھһֻء֪Ҷɵִˣıͨ
ԷҡȻû뵽ӦûعͷȥϽһֻأ׻治ڡ
Ȼʯ֪ҶɴһʽԶԿıͨǣڿҶɾþûиԭʱ򣬻ʯЩ̡
ϾͨԴ󣬴δõá
ϾνĲ㽫ϸ״ݻ١ǲĽҶɵ꣬׵׵ĸݻٵ
ϻã㲻ҪϸЩѵģ˵㻹ȥֵһӣ
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ֻлʯѷ֪ϸ棬һӵе档Ҳһһ㣬ܴĴڣ
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ҵˣϽȥս
ʯƣȻݻٴ롣ŮѾɱڵģ˾ߣʱգ
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ʯһԥսʱͬʱһĪҸˣԼĿռλ֮ȥ
䡭
֮ͨʱҵײšһ޴ĳҶɺϸߣӿ
ϸ֪ЩΪ֮һڹʯĽƷͨһ滹ùΪ֮ɢϮԼߡ
֪߷ʲô顣ȴװ˷ѣĻᡣ
ϸ̾һһεģչ(δ1361.һʽͨ
ΪĴĳͷϸûУ¶ԼʵĿһΣΪ˱Ҷɣȥ
ǣƾ֮ҸҶ
һʱصôǿҲòΪ֮һ͡
桭Ȼһ棡
ϸˣǣǿԹǿӲ
ǿǣԶľ룬ʮ˲ų⡣Ҳܿϸʵ
ǣʱȴˡٿŵŮٳԶ˶ȥ
ĸľż㶷
֮ǰһݻǼֵ׷ŵöɣĿĶѾﵽ
ǣȴ͹ˣҶϸڻʯĵλʲô׷ʲôɡֻҪҶûл˵û˼ȥ顣
ѾߵòӰ١ʯϸ˿ϸҶɵ֮УʯֽϸԼĿռλ֮СرʯŸ뿪

ʮꡣ
𼶣Խ𼶵ǿ˵˵ʮʱˣǧ꣬Ҳգۼ
ǣڻʯѾһֻųԽĴڣԼϸ档漶һŸ߼ϽĴ˵ʮ꣬尾ʮ꣡
ϣľãûгʲô״
Ҫǳ״ħͱǼͳھŲռѰˡʮʱ䣬з֣ǵκۼϻõġǹң
ĶԻڻʯϸ֮䣬ÿ춼ҪΡҲϸȲ֪˶µĴˣǻʲôǿߣ϶ͱʯⷴʱʱѯʣǵûðɡ
ϸƽ͡˻ʯİοһεģƽ
ǡϸǻʯǶ֪ʮÿ㡣ǧƪһɵĶԻʱҶɵ꣬ȴǻᣬ̲סļܳһʱ䡣
ǵġڼ
˿ǿզĲҶѾûˡƬҲѾǲøɸɾֺʣ
¾ǻʯϸۿҶɴǵͨĴڡҲûϵǵͨãҶɵѸֻǣ޷Ӽ
ǿңҲʱûƶ΢Ļû취ݡҲġ
ʯĵģǿüĵġϸĵģڸĵġǣҶһ˸Ȼһ˵ƣϸ֮СҶҲܸоõϸĵġ
һͨνǴ󹦸ˡǵȴڣûֶܷߡأʮ˲ʲô鷳Ҳκ֮ǣ
꣬ԼоȥѡԣҲڵڰ˲ռû룬͡ЩڣûиҴѡһγ֣Ҳҵĥʯǣϸĵˣȴ׵ģð˳
Щ£ǣԾԼĿռλôԼһʽͨҲסǵ
ѵĸţԼǲƵĸռλ档Ҷɵɵøпǧ
֮ȱȻȱķΪֻ֮֮֮Ҳܴóˮ׼ıͨ
ռλĴڣôǱǿꡣǽ𵤡ԪӤ񣬱ҲͬǣΪ˱ڡ
һλ棬ʮһλ棬ȻȫݲгģڣҲ϶ɢ
ܴһʽͨȻΪѧ̫࣬ǰ֮֮Ҳǿ󡣿ǣһʽͨĸȴǴԭһԭҵʮ˲ˡԭΪһʽͨʮ˲ˣѵûԭΪƵķţ
ͨ˭ȥ졣ԽǿĴڣıͨԽǾס
£ҶȻѾսǿᣬκ𼶵Ĵڡǣȴ֪Լڵս˵Ĵڣʮ˲޷ɴ롣ʮ˲ˣǺεǿĴڣ
ǵȴڣ֪ͨǿ˶ٱǵȴڶ䣬Ҿ㴴һʽͨסԼΣ
ɽɽˣ
ĬĬˣĬĬָеҶɣҲĬĬ˼ţԼδ(δ1362.ƶδ
ʱ䣬ٿҶȫ͸꣬˳
ûСӣûʯأ΢
ٺ٣Ͳ˵ллˡлᣬϻҼ椡

ʯЦݣʱ̡⸴Ҷɣզ͸ȥһأ
Ҷɣ㣿
Ȼҡ
ûʲô߰Ķ
˵ʲôأ
԰ȥҶɣôǻġԲԣ϶ʲôëſҼ顣
ģһͨ
ϻãҲӦͻˡ
˼䣬ûɵģҶɺȻ˵
ǰǸͻˡʯȴ̻ģ˵ͷʲôʱصڰ˲һˣ
أСʱûôڿ졣
СʱƺСʯЦֻЦ֮УЩʹĵĸо
ʱ棬һ򶼸СƵáͨôǰҶԸŮһҪʱιԵ塣ôδܹ֡
ԭ˭ΪⴿʹȻһ룬ͬ棬Ҳͬͬһ㣬ӵвͬԸ񣬲ͬϲáҲǺ˼һ顣
ǣھһͻĲ֮ڼʶˣϸ֮Сǿʵ֮˭ܲµõʱġɣ
ڿҲãҲһֱķӡЦ֮󣬻ʯҡҡͷ̾˿ת˸⡣ҶɣûЩǰ֮Ужô
ȻҶɵת䣬ʱʱ޿̣˼⣡
ȡЩӡɡֻΪҵǰ֮УһȺʥɣ𼶴ڡ
ȿѹʥɡǰ֮еĲ²⣬߽ס
Խ󣬾ԽǷ֣ǿܸǿǿǿǣû뵽ǵǿƺûмޣ
ʯ˵ͷҲѾ뵽ˣǾͲٶ¡ֻһ㣬˭ͻƣ˭뿪档Ψ㣬Խ뿪Խã
ǣΪҽһܷۣһȫСѣ
ҶɵЦ䡣Ҷɵ񣬸䡣
ʯĿ⣬ȴ㲻ʯȴʡ
֪𡣿ǣѩ顢ԷϰæҲδܹȫ
ֻҪǻţҾͲᰲȫ
ҶɵĿ⣬ѾǱ䣬絶
ôǿ֮û취סǰֻ֮һЩצԽԽأȻڱߵĴУ˷ˣҡƾ㣬ϻãΪҶ֮Уذӹ
٣ֱڣʯôᶨ㣬ϣСʱӦ뿪ҵϣܽܣ
ҽܡҲִСģҶǱĿ⣬һĨЦ⣬Ҳ£Ҳ롣
öû˵ϸЦ
Ҷɣʵǲ͵̸
ϴٺ٣ϻ̫ˡ
ʯûģҶһۣ飬ղҶǰװ˷ѿࡣ
ʱҶɣҶɣȴҲܣֻǰעڣҶɵϡʱҶ˼˺ܶܶ࣬Լδ֮·顣ʯϸҲ۹ˣࡣ
ʯղŵļ֣ǰ䣬ϸļ֡
ϸľԽܣִУҲͬǳ˰ʱ䡣
ʯߣҪҶɽԼʵҲΪ辶ҶȡͻơȻȥȰ˵ϸ棬Ҫ׵öࡣ
ʯȴû뵽Ҷͽۣװסͱ˵ҶɵıԣȻת˰۲ӡҶɹ滹ôһᣬôһ㵨ӡ˰ģϸľǿҲһǿ
ðɣҲȰˡǵδֹۣʯεҡҡͷЦ
ֹ۲ֹۣԵȥǰһСඡҾͲˣʲô飬
ʱ䣬ǱϢһδҶɵ˫У¶ֻһΣֻĿ꣬ɢˣ˺
Ǻɷ
ֲֻǺɷɷ֣
Ȼ֮䣬ʯϸʶղҶֱĿ⣬ֻΪԼЩǿˣΪһҶֳµľ
⺮ʯϸĵģʵƺǧ
ûǧҶɺٺЦֱ죬ҷ֪ΪʲôǣļƷ
⻰Ծãûʯϸһʱģͷԡ(δ1363.Ҷɣ㵽жǿ
ڱ⣬Ҷֻôͻأһ䣬ֺȻտڲԡڻʯϸ֣Ҫ׷һʱ򣬾ͿҶɺȻŤͷ
ʯӦܿ죬̾ͽ뵽ս״̬ǣǸϣȴʲôûп
һûκ״ʯʮֲʵʲô飿
ˣ˵ھŲľż
ҶɵᣬǣʯĶУȴһף
ȻԿʯһĲ˼顣
Ҫ֪ھŲռصǣʶܵ˼ơҲΪʲôҾֻս֮УٶȻҪԭ
뵱꣬ѾھŲռĵشܽĵطʯûܷǸľż񣬴ڵλãǵڰ˲ھŲռĴͷ󸽽ǺĵشңԶ˺ü·ʯ͸ܿǸľżڣ
ʱҪ˸꣬ø֮ҲӦǿôף
ʯţǣʯҶ΢΢Цţ˵ͷʱʱ䣬ɫͷ˿ɬ֮ɫ
ûôѹ֣ܽ飬ġ
ǰҶɵսȻѾԼǿǣǿùڿš
Ҷֻ¶һ֣ʶĶ֮ܣѾûʯľս
͵ǲںϳ̶Ҳˣʯʵ
֪ܿ
ҶɺǺЦţһ񸫣Ȼͳոķλݺݵ˹ȥ
䣡
һ죬һߵʱա͸˵ʱգʯϸȻܹʮ˲֮ʱգ
ٵʮ˲ʱϣ
ʱ䣬ʯɫʹˡϸҲˣõĬȻ
ʮ˲ʱϣǿҲ޷ƿֻѭ浸صĽ
뵱꣬ٸ۷弶սһͨҲûܺʱϰ֡
ڣֻһͨײʱʱ١ԼԼģʯϸѾıƺɱ
һУоΣҲˣ㻹ʲôɱﵣ
ʮ˲֮ġԼԼһӰҶɹЦ
ӰȻ
Сӣ㻹úܣ
ŵԼԼӰҲѸ
ȷŵʱͿԽԽӰֳѹ֮ǸҪǿ˺ü
˲ӡʯͲסģ;
ϸʱաʯֶԵĴڡڵûʯã¾һǧһڵԼҲ޷ֵ
ʯֻǻֻ֣̿Ҫܡ
ڵĻʯǾ߻ԶȻӿһĪģսģ֮⣡
ǡ
ˡ
Ҷɷǵûо£΢Цģ˵ͷ΢΢ͷǻʱϣʱͻָ˻ʱϵĻָһƬʱգҲʱ䣬ָ˻
ʯϸѾͻأĽ֣ͻأı仯Ūʮ֮󡭡
ҶɣڵѾǿʲô̶ȣʯɬģʵ
ҶָָھŲռ䣬ǧ㣬ҵĶ֡
ʯɫȻ
档ҶɺǺЦʮ˸㣬еϣ
ʱʯɫԺÿһ㡣
ԭռ˵֮㡭ף԰ھŲռľżǱȥ𣿡
˵ӵе֮㣬ǿ϶ӵСϾǹ˵ףƿľż͵ڳƿһռ䡣
ǣҶɲˣھŲռ֮У̺ŵų֮ǣȣܲӵиǿĵ֮㡣ٿءҶôɵģ֮⣿
ʯʮԻĿҶɣҶ͡
ֻ֪ӲģľżЧøϵˡҷϵЧõֶΣΪʲôӵеǼƷԭȫһ¡ֻҪ⣬ǵ֤ϴͬڣ

ʯϵõţ⣬Ȼڲع
һʯͷһʣǣһ뵽ҶǾ仰˶񣬼ĥ
Ҷɣ㻹ǰɡϸģ˵Ҳʲô鷳ˣҲﲻæǻʵʵģȥһʾˡ
ҶɺǺһЦҲٶ˵ʲôܿͽϸͻʯԼģռλ֮ȥ(δ1364.֮̽ս
վԭأɿǸ
ʮ˲ʱϣҶɵߡģǻðɣܻ
Ȼ󡭡
ôĸӣļơȷһµĶ֣
ûɵģȻ˵ôһ䡣Ҷɻţʮռȥһ֮ѾԽȶĵھŲռ䣬뵽ˣʮռ֮ȥ
ڣҶɸոտʮռʱԭðɣܻ˲
ȥ̽սȴ̽ҵսúúãпӰ쵽δĴڡʩչǸֶΣҲɱţװ˷ѣ
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ʮ㣬Ȼǻ硣
Щ˿Լܻ棬ɨһ㣬Ҷ΢΢˵ͷ꣬ǹṩϢٶʮռ䣬ȥû١
ԽսǣҶɾԽףߵȼڵģֶΡ꣬͡ĵΪƲܱԡǣҶȴ֪ЩǿĴǣпʲôֽš
ʮľżȥҲһģһǹƵŶҲܴ󣡡
ҶɣѾ൱һԽĴڡνϴҲѾס
ֻǻһЩСϸڷ棬ûгơĥһʱ䣬ȻȻģ׳ΪǵȳȻڡ
ˣҶƵǷԼǰ磬ֻһλֻһѡšѾɼȶʵϵ
ͺѩ顢ԷԿ࣬ҶɵļһʱҶɣҲܿЩΪԼ͵Ĵڵļˣֻֿԡ
ҪôǻʲôߣǳԽĴڡҪôͲˡʲôֶΣ
ȶ޷ı䡣δȴܸš
Щ淨Ĵ˵ҪδֻܶԤ֮֮ķš
ǣ˵ȴֻʲôֶΣ
էȥγ֣ǳԱءǣҶȴԽԽоǰ·ϵա
ŭǰģȻ뷨ǣ¶ܹµõܻô
ߣֶΣȥıˣҶҡ
ߣһռֶΡƾЩֶΣҶɵϵףһһģͳͳھ
ҶɿֿԸһЩ͸Īҵսˣ˹۲Ҷɵķӣһޡ
ǲ֪Գҵĵƣҽĥ׷㣡
Ҷţ᲻֪ܴĻϾЩҶΪλٳɳӦһ
ǣҶҲͬţԼһǿĴ˵ʮ顣
˵ڵһʱҶɾѾ²ˣΪһ壬ؼģȱ֮
ڽʼն޷⡣ңУҲʼ޷ȱ
ȱ㶨ˣʮռ㶨ѾˣֲֶΣ
Ȼ֮䣬ѾվõҶɣǵʮһռ֮粽ȥ
һľ롣ʲôʲôų֮
ʮռҲڡЩȫҶûмģ˵ҲӦûмҶɡǣҶһԽ˲ʱʱЩͺһƴҶɵķ׷ɱ
ܹߵʮģڽǵȴڡһôǿֱʣν󣡡
ȷǴֱʣǿƵȶǿЩҵ׷ɱ·ߣҲĳֹİС
ٴͻƣνġϴҲܿóеİ
ҶЦţҲȥЩ𣬸װǣ˽Щ׷ɱ·ߵرֱ֮ĳǵʮһռڴ̤ģ˹ȥ
ӽʮռ䣬ǵʮһռڴֱ߾볬ʮءҶǵһľ룬ҪϺöಽִܵǵʮһռڴ
˵ѾжˡٿŵǣȻȻģǰ·Ҷɸո߳岽ʱǰȻˣһʮɫ
Сӣ·ӣ
ʮ𣬺֮ͬͬУȴŲͬĵ⾳
濴ңʲôһĴڣҲסȹ
ҶɺٺһЦҲʩչʲôرֶΡǼ򵥵Ŀһʱ䣬Ȼͳˣ֮ʱգ(δ1365.ŹֵľżϢ
Ҷֻ֪֮̽ս
Ҳ֪Ҷɿ϶Ѿֻ֪֮̽ս
ֻǣû뵽ԼֲãȻ޷ʹҶ潻һУ
ʮռ䣬Ȼƿء⡣ʮһռ䣬էôһ
΢΢üͷʣ֮⡣
Ҳûż
һԣһУ
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ͥŲȻ֮䣬Ҷɫ΢ģͣ
ľżϢ
ܹŹֵϢǿȴҶס
ص㲻ѵŷɵĹУ
Ҷɼǵʮһռľżƿߣŷɡ꣬ɱ˹ҵŹ껡
ȻҸ˳˭ȴʼûиŷɵõʲôӣȴڣû취ѡõϢȥƶϣֻΪǹѡͬ顣һֱΪͬͻȻѣù껲䡣
꣬ƾô˵
ڣҶȴôΪ
ܹҸоΣյֶΡŷɣѰɫһڣôڣһλ£
ҶڵսǸܣҲѾͨĪңҶ֪߱ȸܻ˲١Ҷɾ͸νġߡ
ڣССһµʹӣȻ͸һҶļµϢⲻòҶüͷ壬֪Եɡ
ҿǲǱٿأ
Ҷվԭأһ׷ͨٿһӣľż֮ȥ
գ۹ҶɾͿŷɡ
ˡѱ꣡
ʱ䣬ҶɾͿˣŷɵĵ壬겻ϡ
ͬһʱҶҲѾ˳ŷ֮ģ
һεģҶ΢΢üһ˿ռλ档
Īҡɼ𣿡
ʱĪңھҵҵģǿǡԼĲ꣬ǡʯһԵģӸһѲϡǻʯɱ٣ŪԴӴĪҶһˣǵûϸʱ䡣ܽЩƽǿС
ŬеĪңȻһѶʡȡûзӦЩİڶˣ˭ǣܿ죬ͻ
ǣǸɷǣ
ֱڣĪҶ֪Ҷɵ䡣ǺáɷǡҶɵ
ʱԺȻɷǵĪ̲סͻҶϣڼһʯô٣ڡ
˵ûм𣿣ҶɵԼ͸Ųͷ

Īæ˵ţܻģ̽òϢ̻˳
òδġ
ϢҲδʵ
ǣҶɷ֡òŷɵò֮ϢǶ֮Ϣ
Ӧûŷɵᡣ
ܲᣬĪҵ꿴ŷɡ˸ҲܸòϡϢϣ¡̫ܣŷɾôð棬ͷ¶档
ֻǣȻ֪ŷɵᡣȴǲܽͣΪʲôľżϣôϢϾҲܶҶɲκв˵òϵЩ΢죬𻹸ûжȫһ𣬸ܸҶɴʲôΣϢ
һ壬֪ĹؼҪڱʲôط
Ҷɵ˼ٶȺܿ죬ÿһɲ֮䣬ݳϰֿԡٶȣѾ뵱֮ʱᲢˡҲʮռλһγɹ˷ߵȼռλǿ֮Լǿչֳ
ǣҶɻǾãٶ̫
Ϣ֮󣬵һͻᵽ
޹ҶҲѾȷϢѲ˸ϵĿģΪ˱Լ֣Ϊ̽ԼֶͨΡ
ʮһ󷨣Ҫʹܽɱ
ľżĹŹ֣Ҷʱ㲻׷ɱǵսҶȴһǵֿҶɵģܽʮնɱһաǣϳһ󷨣ҶɾͲòһЩ
ˣ߶ʮһǿһΡ͵ǣһεĥͨ
ʮ˷ֱսŹֵľżҶɸɴ಻ʲôֳֻһʽӵսֱϢŹֵľżɱȥ(δ1366.ǹŹϢԵɣϣ
һԽľ룬ͺ˵áҶɿʼʹ˲ƣʼΧĳɱʱƶ룬Ҳͷޡ
ڣҲû˭Ķ֡ĳɳٶȣȷˣ
ǰǰҲǧʱˡһǿ˵ôʱ䣬򵥵ͨδܹף˵Ϊж
ǣҶȴȻ̶ǧʱȻҵˮ׼͵شԽؼΡһˣ֤ϴ֮
ֻϧңҵһôţҲΨһ;
ɡ
Ҳ㹻š
ѰЩ֤ϴĴڡģʰ˵Ҷɻûг׵׵ģﵽˮ׼
ҶɲŸո˲Ƶľż֮ңĵطû񸫣ͻϮɱһҫ۵Ļ⣬ȻͽҶɸ
ҶɿףⲢǰСԼִ˵ʱⷽŷ
ǣҶڵٶȣȻûܵһʱ⣡
ҺãڵҶҲѰɫ
ҺãǳеľżҲӵǰ
ͿҶһ񸫾һԲεĹȦסԼĺ֮Уſһȫʱգ
ֻƣ
ڡ̽̽ҶɵһСǣֻôһУüͷ΢
֤ϴĴڣ׳ƵԴ֮ȻԴ֮ΪŽԼ棬Լ淨СԼԴ֮ʵνģϴ
ˣΪĥԼϴ˭ᷴʩչԼԴ֮ԽǰԴ֮ĴڣԽǻ
СӣǰԴ֮šĥͨҲӦ
ǣΪͨ趯ģȻֹģƣСܲڸʵʵټٰɣ
һ룬ʶӹҲǰٷ֮һɲǵʱ䣬Ϳʼµж
ͳͳ𣡡
һҫ۵ĺ⣬ͺǵʮռһش֮ӿһʱ䣬Ȼʮռҫۺ⣡
ȻҶͻͽȻҲ޷ʩչԼֶͨΡǣ޴ڵҫۺ⣬ȴҶɷ֡Լȷ޷װŪ
֮ȻƵ
䣡䣡䣡
ʮռͬĵط˾춯صը졣Щըֵʱк󣬵صҲԶнϸȥͻ֣ᷢЩըĵص㣬һ໥о·ߡը췢ʱ˳򣬾һǿ߳û˳
ڣѹ֮£Ҷչֳˣһȫµ˲Ƶ
էȥⲢʲôϡԽǿĴڣ˲ٶȻø졣
ǣǿʶûа취Ҷɵٶȣǿʲô̶ȣǲԶ
һΣɫ֣

򵥵һ֣ȻϢŹֵľżУȳǸƶеҶɣ˲ʱ;ãԼһصסһ嶸Ȼһ
Ϣ⡭֮ȻľżĹŹ֣
趯εѡ
ҶһθٷɶݣϢŹֵľżһεʩչ˸ղŵͨ
ҶöôԶҶƶöô죬ܾͨ׼ҵҶɣҶɡ
ڣͨסͨܣҶɻڱһʽͨסѹ
ֻǣ޷ģ׵ƽһͨҶɲòԶľżòˣľżĿ̽
ҪһأͱľżĹŹ֡ͺڵھŲռһɱƿľżҾƿռ䡣ֻҪǶŷɵҾܿơףҺˡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷɲƶֻ۾գ˼£Ȼ͹Ц
ȻǻûиҾȻ
ȻЦǣȴ𾪡ΪȻ׵׵ĸıˣԼжϣ
ŷɣǵʮһռľżĲٿߡ뿪ھŲռ䣬ľӦǵʮռ䡭ʲôȻһʼҵļ䡣ҽʮ㡢ʮһռ䣬Ū
ҶɵĻõ֮ܣǻʯָ㡣Ҷɻˣʯ֮ǣո̤ǵʮռһɲǣȻѾݻþȻѾ׵׵ģʮʮһռΪһ塣ֶΣţ(δ1367.ǹŹϢԵɣ£
Լ֮ҶҲˣΪ
ڷ̽ҵ
ھŲռ˲串鵽ҶɵˣڵʮռڴͲ˻ֶΣ̽Ҷɵ
£⻹ֻĵһĿĶѡռһ֮У϶Ŀģ
Ŀ⣬৵һӣԶľżϡȻһα֮סҶȴҲһ
ŹֵϢԭ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶɾЦˡ
Ȼ֮䣬üͷ΢΢
ˣ֮ҲѾ˽
һǵʮһռľżҲѸʧҶɷ֣ԼԾɴڣոսʮռǿطղһսԼʵֻԭս
֮ãţղһУʵ
˻ǣҶɵоȴһѱľ֮СҶɵսѾЩո֤ϴĴڡֲֻĸоʧ񲣡
˫΢΢պһʱ䣬һʱҶɵĿ⣬ɳǰľżڵķλȥʮ棬ͺĿĿԴ͸ʮĿռ䡣ֱӿӼʮһռľż
ãҶ̾˿Ȼһۼû
ǰǻáǣҶȴ֪ҲǴĻá
ʮһľżĵȷȷǰͨӼģŷɣҲͬʵ֮¡
ֻǡҸոտڣ̳ľżңһ׷ĺۼͳͳĨɱԵңǽȡڵңǽСģϸ£κ˿
Ҳľżĺۼ޷оľżĹŹϢǡҶȴĸоˣĲĿġ
ֻΪĳ̽òŽʮһľżŪ
ֻΪԻңɱҡҲòľż¶һҸеļµĹŹϢ
ǹŹϢĳ֣Ҫôһ壬ҪôֻǡԼ޷Ϣ
룬㡣ġҶɵϣ¶˵΢Цһεģ
ߣȥʮһ㿴
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ʮռҶɻһЩϮɱЩϮɱûʲôϵֻһЩǣͼҶ̵һЩôôû̵ҶɸɱӸϸȥɡ
ϸһ˵ѹб³ԽҶɣɶٵ塢Ҳܼ
ڵɣֻΪˣδѡڼʶˣǲֶ֮ϸĽ֮УҲԽǿҡ
ҶɣҾû۵òˡûʽʮһռ䣬ϸͺȻ˵
ǺǣҪǹŹֵľżսһɡҶ΢΢Цţһˣϸʵ뷨ľżȡҵϢоļ֮УԴڴˡһս൱ǣһңսһϣãаգ
Ҷɲûһڷϸ룬Ͼ˭ҪսϸҲ⡣ǣҶɿϸԼſһ˵ƣϸҲһǹľżսĳ̶ȡ
ûаգһԣ
ϸĻشЩҶɵķ緶ҶидģĬһȻ󣬵˵ͷ
ȻˣҾ壡
ϸͻʯͺһⲻܰɡ
˽ƣ㽫һ·ȫתΪҲֻǣķȥһ󲽶ѡ
Ҫ֪ҶǰʱϸͻʯҲúоһҪ೤ʱ䣬Ҫϸס֣Ȼᣬ㶨ǣΪǲһϸ֮Ƿȹȥࡣ
ϽҲûʲôϴڡǣֻҲúԶԶҶɣҪˣϿһ棡
ͬǴӷ壬塣ʯҪӵеϸҪӵеȫûȡһ·ϣϸѾˣϰٸ۷弶ڡ͸ʯڣаٰʮʯҲܳɹˡǣϸԣȴֻǱˮнԵÿ
𣿡ҶɺǺһЦ꣬޾ϸ죬Ҿͻϣ޾ģ
Ҷɻ䣬һɹɱϢӿˣϸڡʱ䣬ԭʼձ״̬ϸ棬Ȼˣһ˶ı(δ1368.ԴıԴϣ
ô
ʯĿŲԶģǸαﲻԾģھ̫͵Īңɴһ˹ȥ
αݳϢӴզࡣȻĪǵȴڣҲû취ڶʱڣӴϢ
˺һӡ
Ҷɣ㲻ǸôᣬϵһзϢͳͳӡ棿
ĪʵӴϢϸ淨Ϣ뵱꣬Ҷӵкֻʱֻܷ𲽵ģȥϸķϢ
ôȥˣϸǿ࣬ࡣ淨ϢȻҲӴ˲֪ٱ
ôӴϢȻӡһֱֻߵı档ǻʯܹ֣
˵ʱչôӲ
źǺֱЦҶɣʯ˵Ǭ˵ףѡҪⱾ£Ҫôһһģ㴫Щ⾳
ҶٶȺܿ죬ΪΪϸʯڵ
ʥǣΪβ͸ǧŬʱҶȴѾһϸʱ棬ˣĶ֮
ǣΪθģǧΪһʱҶȴϸɰǿ֮ڻʯǻ֮һһģǧྶͥġϴͨûпһ̫̫ࡰϴľͨ
ŵ˵Ҷܽһ沽ĵ⾳Լ֮Դ֮ȵ⾳ȫں֮ͨС˵һˣǧҲҶɵĶ֣
ˣʯ̾ʱҶҲһǸ̾ǧ
һģԺǶѧᡣʱԪޣûʲôֶΣգ
ҶնĻش𡣿Ʋûֱӻشʯ⡣ǣʯȴģʶȫ뵽ˡű֮ȥ

򣬾ϸ档ϸ쳣Ӵ󣬵ǽǬĳ֡ȴҲʮ΢С
ֻǣ΢Сĳ̶ȣȡϸϸڵֻܽԼССҪ仯һƳҪĽ
ֽϸ׷ĿꡣС仯ĳ̶ȣҲǶϸ̶ȵģֱ۵жϣ
Сһ㡣
ʮʱ֮󣬻ʯһο˵˺εļ
Ȼֻǣ֮һСǣȴ֤Ҷǰ˵ģǴ󻰡
û뵽ȷܹϿӵǿҶɣҲ£ٶȣԸ죬Բԣ
ٶȣҪϸﵽԤĳ̶ȣµûϺüʱ䡣ǣʱ˿̣Ȼʺϳĳء
ûҶ΢΢˵ͷҵĹ㣬Ҫʮʱ䡣벻ɣҲйءϾЩ飬Ҳȥ
ʯĵ˵ͷԾϡԭνı֮£Ȼ
Ҷ΢΢һЦĿ˻ʯһۣȴûнӹ磬ȥ
Ͼ飬Ҷɲʯȥ
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ʮʱ䣬һٿ
ǣҶʯ˵ʮÿһÿһ룬ǶȫעиͺھһʱԼ֮ս
ϸÿһ仯ӡ̽ˣʯһЩʯˡЩʯȴֻʱμǡЩ׵⾳һסʯͻһΣ޴ķԾ
ϸԽԽռ䣬ҲһûʯʶܣǼƷܣҶǷϵھŲľżֶΣЩէȥ޹⣬ڵĻʯҲѾЩס
ʯţֻҪԼĹ۲ǿһЩֻҪԼĹ۲ʱһЩֻҪԼķǿһЩҶɹģԵ⣬Լܳƽ⣡
Ҷ˵
֪ѣ˳ϲۡ
ɫɵҶɣ壬꣬Ѿƣ֡
һôģĳȡıԴ֮ڵ˵̫̫ءǹȥЩսҲûҵ꣬ƣ̶ֳȡ
ΪսҶɵΡصһΣǲĿֲϮɱ
ǣҶɻûио֮УҲƣ֮СһΪ˰ϸҶɵǳ˴ʡ
ֻҪټּ죬ܴ󹦸ɣ
Լ͵壬ʩչһԵֶͨΡҶһΡʮ㡱ģظȡĹֻǣԼԼ⡰ʮ㡱׻ֶܹ೤ʱ䡭(δ1369.ԴıԴ£
ȡԽ࣬ҶɾԽҪټѹƣ룬ƣ룬ҲΪԽԽ޴ѹ
νġ١֮ԴǼеϢıԴϢǣǴΪʲôȿвǿߣɴĸɱ
Ϊɢƣ֮УΪ˼ȥҶɲòԼͣȥ˼һЩѲ⡣ͺñȣЩ뱻ķǣҪͣЪĽͣЪ˼ֿȥ
һĿġǴЩĴڣͬĪģϵ飿
⵹Ҳͺ׽ͣΪʲôԽ棬֤ϴǿǣ»ͬĪҹҪҷŽǿϡ
˵پֻΪ˸õĥǿǡֻĵرĪҪõöࡣŵǿǣͻ뿪
ĪҾͺֻȥɱЩֻǽЩο
ȴӣӳˣˣҲֹɣ뿪
ϵ˼Щ⣬ϵĴӸУѰҳĴ𰸡ģҶɾ;ãԼƺôƣˡ
Ȼ𽥾ȣ
ʱҶȻ֣Լƺײģʲôô
ѵҵõ˴ĳϡԣȥˣǱеѹ֮
ҶɲİЦţҡҡͷ
ҳѹͨЩѹѹեӵе⾳ڣܱҴرġϴһֵȼ۽޷ṩҪ⾳ôҼȡ
ò˵ҶɵĵӺܴΪľԤϵǴⱾԴ֮ԣŻ󵨡
˵ҵõĳϣʲôϴ
Ҷɵ˫֮СһشĹâԾϲĹâǵûʯתͷĿ˰ΡֱʯȷԼʲô֮󡣷ŽһתƵˣϸı֮ϡ

ʯҶɣ͸޷Ҷɡ
Ѿʮʱ䣬СΪʲôûг
һٿŵھҶϰ֮ʱգǱʮǰۿҶɲЩơʮȴûз֣ƿռֹκ춯
Ȼ½ƣĥʲôͨǣȫܲκѲɣСͨʱѾܹɢ
ʣԼû͡
ЩȽӽռ֮ĴǣҲһ㣬ǡ
˫ͬ޴һľ֮У΢΢˸
ǣӵռ֮ı

ҶµõԼϸףȻǵɹܿӵüʱ˿״ôֻԼãҲ赣в
ֻڣҶɲ뿪ʮ˲ȥ
ֻڣҶѾȫˣ汾Դ֮֮С
ƣѹǴӽȥֻҪѹ֮£һµġϴôǴͻһ棬һ㴭Ϣʱ䣡
ͨͣЪķҶʶԼˣʲôӴѹġϴǴõ˺ôԣһôҶɡ
˵ǰҵһЩ۴⡣Ǵ沢ѹեӵеġϴǴʵѹѹեҵǱ
Īǿǵǣ򵽵ĵ⾳ʵĪ衱ԣĪҲûԼЩǿʲôѹѹեʲôǱ
ǣѡȴĪȫͬԼڵⷢչǡʱ򣬽ԼıԴ֮Լú˳۵Ĵڣ˳Ǹú˳۵ĴڵǱѹեһЩ
һ㣬һķеķҶϿ¡ķҶƷģҶɵ˼·ˡܣƺѾ֪
رǡ
Ȼѹ
һεģƣȥʱҶʶԼЩƶϣܾܿࡣԼղǰƣ֮ʱĵȷȷģһȫµġϴ
һΣӵʲôԴ֮ѹ֮£ԴԴϵĴԴ֮Ҳһ֣׬
ҶɺٺٰЦţȡǴ汾Դ֮ٶȣԽԽ졭(δ1370.ϸǱǱ
˽⣬Ҷɵж֪ҶɵԴֻ֮һ֡ô϶Ŀ࿴϶ᶯøǿֶͨΡ
ʵϣҶԼڱĴڳ֮Ϊ֮ûԼо
ףѹûˣҶɲģԵͺѵղŵƶǴģ
ʲôƶϣʲô󣿡ʯɶͷԵģʵ
Ҷҡҡͷûлش𡣻ʯûıԴ֮Լһͻ谭˻ʯҷչ
ǻʯڿҶ΢΢ҡͷʱҲ˹
ǸԱϵıй𣿡ʯֱʵŹ֡Щϵʿ˵ɵĲֱƷѲɣֻӵмƷĴڣֹܸܵıĴڣ
ʯһֹģţһ߽ԼߣһתصˣǱ档ȻѾʮ졣ǣǾãдϢԼûܿȫ

ʱ䣬һȥ
ҶɵĸжϣҲ𽥵ĹΪһ㡣
ƶϣӦûҶϲ֮ɫȫ޷ڸǣÿһѹʧָһµġϴ˼ǣϴ֮󡣾Ȼߵһ֣Ǵһ֣
ҶɲϵӼ𽥽Щġϴ˳Щνġϴǡþ͸ѹʧĴһģһȻⲻֻɺ϶ѡ
治֪ͨӣǴ浽˶֡ϴǴѾ˳ɳʲô̶ȣ
нĳ嶯Ҳ⡣ҶԼڰһǴһ֮·ϡҲϡ档Ψһϡ֮ڣǴ淸ô࣬ǧͬġϴ
ֻǣĪĵ⾳ϾѾɨƽˣ֮·ϵһϰӵе֮⾳شաǣǴȴǳٳûнȵ֮󣬲֪ǸǿĴڣ
֮·Խߡ֮󣬾ͻԽǿᡣ
ľ飬ǽɹӵˮ׼ӵԪӤ֮ܡ
ĳЩǿѣһɹǿǾͻӵ˾ɾ͡
ȵڣ֮·쳣ѡˣɹ֮ӵˣһ̤
ڻʯ֮·ѡҶȻ֮Уδܹɹˣʯڳɹ֮һֻž̤ˣ֤ϴľ֮У
ϸɹ֮϶ţһͿܹɹҲ϶Զͬ٭ʹڡ
²⣬Ի򲻶ԣҪϽ֮󣬻Ǻεˮ׼
עǱĿ⣬ڷ⡣ԭҶɲûָϸ棬ܹ϶æڣһ˼Ȼ֣пܣϸܹѹԼΪԼΪǿĴڣ
ͺ񣬸ӦҶɵƵáǱʮıͻȻʼ𶯡
ʮʱֱѾС˽СǱнӱٶȣҲǧԭҶɵĹ㣬Ҫʱ䣬ǱС̶ȡǣͻȻʼ𶯵ıֱȻСֻգ۵ʱ䣬ǱСˣĳ̶ȣ
ǡٶȣȻӿ죡
ʯûзӦҶȴѾ̶ʮʱҶɵҲͻͽȣʯѾȫһϵĴˡʯھͳɹͻƣҲֻҶ̾
Ҷɵľ֮ûʯȻѹȻҶԽԽԶǣϾǱҶǾ׼ֿٵж֮УҲȻʶˣҶдȵߡ
ҶɣСʮģһ䡣ȻЦտ˵ٶȼӿ죬Ҳ˵Ϻܿܳɹ
ӦˣҶɻ˵ͷ
Ȼ˵ҶɴûǣĳЩףȴǿԤ
磬ϸС˵Ľ̶ȡ
磬ϸٶȵĿҲӦÿ˵Ľ̶ȡ
ʯܸˣҶɵҲܺáʮŬھҪЧ벻ɣֻÿһأ
κͻƣһأΪա֪ڻʯϵֶΣܲһεģ˳ʩչ
񣬾ģ˼ȻҶ˫鰴ˣһ۸ı֮ϡѰȱȱɾķţһʩչ(δ1371.ͨô
Ҷаգǣǰٷ֮ٵİա
ϾһţֻڻʯһΡ
Ͼ漶ڣͬѰ
ܿ죬Ҷɾ˵һϰ
ûȱ
Ҳȱ޷ʩչһšζţһأֻϸԼȥ
ⲻܣ
Ҷɵüͷ
ǲԽջɱҶɺϸ˾޴ĴˣҲͬģ˺ϢǺϢ֮УΪԵģҲҶɾãԼϸľǡȥϸпѾɹһΣ
ԵʣǲΪʲôϸΪУԵʣϸشôӶݵ֮У
Ȼˣôϸһӵȱ򣬾ͲҶΪˣǳƷˣҶƽ֣
û֮һУҶƽ֡˴һף԰ʯڣɹķšĴһףɱһͨ
ϻú϶֪ͨС²֮ǴģôһʽͨҲͱ˷ϲģ
ͨϽȥˡҶѧе⾳ɵҲһڻȥʯϸΪҶҪԼѧΪһ壬һǿͨõһʽͨţҶôҰ
еںϣΪѰҵ֮ȱ֮ȱǲڵģҵĲ²Ǵġһʽͨʲôô
Ҫǵȴ濹⡣ҪڳԽܹ֮ѸٳΪ⼶ĴڣҶҪһʽͨ
ѾŵģϸĳвԼʱģ֪ĳУټϣҶǰ֮ģǿĳСҪֱЩˣҶɸҪһʽͨ
ҴˣҲʧȥһʽͨҸǻʧȥġҾͲšĻ
һμᶨһλεĿ񸫣漴С
Ҷɣʲô
ȻֵĿ񸫡ʯʧɫģһ
ģûеʧķ衣ҶɳŻʯ΢΢һЦȻصģ񸫡
һΣʯû˵ղҶַӦİ˲١ܿ϶Ҷûгʲô״
ǣʯϵĵ֮ɫȴԽԽŨ벻ͨϸͨܳʲôϵ
ʯǴûмҶôʹֻͨǸոմһʽͨ񸫶ֻǴӰʱҶɴʶԶٿ񸫡żҲǻ磬ްͰ֮С
һΣҶɾȻ仺ľ񸫣Ǽ仺ģĸУһ޷ı͹ȥ
ѵϸڣʲô״
նħǻʯΨһܲµԭµõҶɾȻҪͨϸȱ֮
顭
һ΢ͨѹѾ״ϸ棬ܽӴ񸫸УȴԶ
סʯɴ˫ۣҶԸӻٶȣǰ񸫡ڻʯҶСĽն˶ȴ֪ҶɵȷǺֻܽȴΪˣץס΢ɲ֮ȱ
һڣԴڣ
Ҷһ߰ԸԼľһȫעģѼֲͨϸ档
Ҫ֪ҲҶɴһʽͨһѰ֮ȱȥ㣬ڵͨǿȴûǿԳɹҵ֮ȱ
ˣҶûκΰա
ǣҶɱʮ㣡
һγԣϵҶɵδһʧܣҶɣԼ᲻ᾳһǧɣ𾳽綼޷ס
һγԣȻûɱݺᣬȻûǿл̡ǣȴҶɸоˣǰδеľ޴ѹ
һ΢֣񸫸ڴ˱״ϸ棬ǰȥˣʱ䡣ǶҶɣǶڻʯ˵ʱ䣬ֱǧ꣡
Σ
Ҷɵǣһ˿΢Цʯһεģ˵

ҶɺǺЦţѹͷǿʯͷڱһ߿
֮ȱȷڣ
㾹ȻͨѰ֮ȱ
ҶɵĽͣʯ֪ԼղŵĲ²⣬úסҪһʣҶΪʲôͨȥѰ֮ȱǣûʳڣʹסˡ
ѵͨ
ҶɵȻЦţ˵ͷ
ڣʯһ֪ˣͨô(δ1372.Ծ
һһһ
ʱƣҶɻӶ񸫵ٶҲڲӡһҲѾСˣʶԲ׽ĳ̶ȡǣɱԾûг֡
𣿡ʯЩż
ջʯ㣬ϸܹС̶ֳȡǾζţӵеͿͻһ硣ԭ漶ڣͻһ磬ǲʲô
˵Ҷɴ԰ԽԽĿ񸫣ķŽչ˳ȴ֪Ϊʲôûпκν
ԽѣԽǿ󣡡
ҶɳȵĻشûʯʱ׹ûҶϸµ˼⡣
Ҳ˵Ͻɹܳ㣿
пܴﵽѩ顢Էǵȼ
ʲô͸õˣ
ʯЦտһǿ׵ļһţܲһ顣
ǣҶȴ΢΢ҡҡͷϻãҪͻˡ
ʱ䣬Цڻʯ̡Ҷ俴ͻأĻشûʯеļ¡ļ£»ʯĵ֮УһЩı仯ĬģáȻ󣬾ôԭϥ

һǼͨһδϸеͨܣȫɢġֱ̽ˣϸռ֮С
ѾֻǣİϸˡҶҲͨһγ֣ĥͨıᡣ
ͨѰ֮ȱȻκ⡣ҪģЧʣ
ˮζʯֻҪʱ㣬¾Ҳܽһ޷Ĵ߸ɱֻǡĸǿĴڣûʱʱ̵̿ģֺ
ЧʣԵ򵥵ܹͨӵг󼰵ĸЧʡô򵥵ܹͨɱһȫװĴߣ
򵥵˵ǿѩ顢ԷøʲôͨڸɴֻǵһۡЩνĸܣͺܿɢ
Ҷʮһ㣬ˡҲʮףϸṩˣôֻᡣ
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𽥵ģҶȫˣֲĻ֮СʶһƬ飬ˣԼҪЩʲô
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ɨӶҶɺȻ֣ʱϸ棬ڲȻŨˣһ鷽ԲĻԭ
ʵֻէȥһƬԭѡҶɵ֮ǿܿͷ֣ƬԭθӡϸӵеĿռλ棬ռλеĺǺȫ⡰ԭ֮УԸ΢̬˳
˽΢ڣҲڳŽ΢ķ仯ѵĽ뾭Ľ׶Σ
ҶɵֻͨѰ֮ȱֻն֮ȱͨȴԤ֮ȱױն֮ԭķ壬׻仯ɺεģ
ڣҶۿ仯ĽҲˣ仯ڼԼƲδ
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ҶɲûжҲûжκһͨڴˣͻầȻ̶̵֣ģʮʱҶɵľٴǡҶɵΪҲȻˣ֮ˣ
ǣΪͲҪˡȻ˵治ܾ֤ϴĴڽ롣ǺȻÿһ֤ϴĴڣᱻͳ㲻ãûԭ򣬾Ҳܻ
λ˼ҶɾãԼǴ棬ԼҲôϾԼֱԽĴǣ䷽棬Լ͸װסˣԼӳȥڳռ䣬ߣԼЩǷչ
ҲҶҲ£ϾӴģ˵ģЩԽĴڣǴģ磬ѩ顢Էϸʱգ뿪˴棬Ѷȫޣ磬Ѫ棩
Ψһһ֪ҶǰǰѾɱ۷弶ڣѾ֪˺䡣ǣȴû˭֪Ĵڣ
С޴ȰҵΪס˵
һγһơܼһ˵ƣǵҶֹϸɳֶΡ
ڣһ˵ƣͨһ˸ʩչһ˸ʮ󣬺ķѲ֪ٸʱǿһ˵Ƶǿ
ڻ㣬һȫ׵֮ǰƲܴ򿪡ƾʱ⣬»áҪʮҪʱؾٴһ˷
һ룬Խռ䣬׼ȷˣʱؾ֮Сƿʱؾħ֪ʱؾĳһطһͣõʮһλǾһʮУһ˵һ˵Ӱģ۳

ôǿĴڣ֪
ͺñȣֱڣûʶҶɾȻоߡ
ҶҲ֪ͬԼ¿ʮ¿ʼһ˵ʱһδļһһֵģһӲͷƤǵ߲ռѰ档
Ҷܹһһ˲ຣ
ǣһ˲ຣôҲͲУЩеͷƤ飬һ
ôģʲôմʹ
ţĲܲ˵ģšϵĶȴͿֳһͲģСģ𤸽Լϵĺĳȡһȥ
ţģȻˣȡҴı
ֻǺѣǺеŧѪҲһȡ档Ƿȱڣһɵˮ׼ܰȫռ䣡
ʵϣˣţҲıսսϾȡ״ѡһνƲܸװ֮òһεģĴѰҺõĲϡ
ûдκװҲûκϢţľôȻȻģĴ
ûпʲôǰңҲûκų谭ţľôģռĴ
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ҶһǽһǵͨһƬԭŨöôСҶɵԿһгȱ
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ҶɵһʩչͨţʯɹʱҲֻܹоʯ֮Уǿܴڵȱѡʱûۿʯеȱ
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ûһȱڣô˺ϸֻܱɸǿѡһȱܽ飡
Ҷɵ룬ûüʶתȦϸڣȻµı仯
һĪ֮Ҷɵͨ˲
Ĺؿڣ谭
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ڵϸ棬Ҫһģ漶ڣһ֮ϵģ塣ƿ谭жǿҶԤϡ
Ҳңĥ»ᣡ
ͨıҶɴһķɡǣҶɷǵûΪ˶ţϲ
һͨ棬ûгԽ֮ǣ緽棬ȴЩѰģ֤ϴĴڿ֮ȣ
һͨȻһףͿɢȥһͨǲã
һͨѾǿࡣ
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Сӣӵл֮塣ѷ֡ǣȴǵ⾳˵Сһţ缶ͨ
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ĸоˣڣܸԼвֵʱ˿̣Ѿв֡
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Ҫ֪ĸδܹдĻرͺñȣôʱ䡣գȴδܹʲôر
ǣĻ˻ررҲؽޱȾˡر˾ϲҸʹȥ
ʮ֮ʱҶɺȻ;ãԼ˼Ȼʣ
ԭ򻹿
ͺ񣬸ոܵĴˣͲһʮһ񸫣Ѹ˳
էȥʮһ񸫣ǰûʲôǣҶȴʮһ񸫣Ѿһ
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ںϵĹؼ𣬾֮죬ֽĻ״̬
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ҶЦЦʮһ񸫣Ѹپûˣϸ֮СѸپûˣһȻŨãֻаưСģصġԭ֮С
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٣Һ˶شӭŻʯǲ졢̽ѰĿ⣬ҶɻͣϸܹƾԼһȦȦ֮ôܹģ׵ģ
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ԽǿѹԽܹǱϣͿˣ
ΣϸıҪҶǿö࣬ϸͻҪҲҶͻʱҪӴöࡣҶܹһ·һֱﵽȳ̶ȣѾǳ˵áҶɲ߱һֱȥ
ʯϸҲͬһͻ֮ʱȻоһɹӴģӲҪԼѹȥͨܡʱ䣬ҲףԼҪЩʲô
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ŲϼȡǴıԴ֮ռĲŨϸķжҲͣĸǿǻʯҪҶɽͣŻȻ򡣶ϸȴֻһ룬ܳס
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ƣơǣϸҪȥƵĵͨʱߡ顣һεķֹˣĵѹ֮ǰ
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ҶɴԸҶɵͨСɣϸ˵һҵϢȻ˵ϸ濴Լ֮ȱǣһֹѹ֮֮ʱȴĸоԭѾҪɾԼȻʼ𲽺ˣ
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֮Ǳ֮ʵĵ顢顢顢顭֮棬ͷӦˣȱķ档
էȥ֮Զʱ֮ǿԶԤ֮졣ǣ֮ȴܷӦ֮Ĵ
ѹ֣ܸų֮У̺ŵСǣҰ˻ʯ֪ϸ鴫ǣȴûһܹͨУʲôͨΪ֮û˭⣬Ҹ
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ҪȵҪܶܶࡣЩؼ֮⣬ɲ֮䣬Ҷɻ뵽ࡣ
էȥַ˼ȥ׷ֻ˼·ˡǣȴҶİյˣͨδչ
ʮֻͨСɡǡȴβܴɣβͨɡڣˡҪһʽͨɣҪ֮ʣƿ֮ӣ
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Ѱҵ֮ȱ֮ȱֻͨСɶѡϤһĸϤκ֮ľʲƿظĸƿضĶؽͨɵף
δ֮·ջ񣬿νʡĸǾ֮ϵľʡһ̨˭̨ϣչֳľʣ˭̨ϵߡ˭̨ף
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ʱ˿̣Ҷɻ֪һ첽ʵѩ顣֪Լͨһ첽Ҳֻܴﵽѩ黹Ҫһľˮ׼
ҶҲ֪Ϊʮ˲ˣһѩٵǿڡԼҰһ첽ԼŻ˸ӹҰ
ҶɸӲ֪Ϊľ޴ѹΪǿѩǿڡԣԼŻἤǱŻᳬԽһ첽ӵ򣬿ٳһԽѩĶ֮·
֪ûйϵʱ֪ˣȴܳɹʱ㲻֪ȴͿĻ˳ɹ
˵һ׻ܿܣ
Ȼ仹һ׻ֻ׼ˡ
ҶûβĿ֮
ҶûֲʣԷչıϰߡ
Ҳܻĳɹ
лʦҴˣΪƸ
ȥ첻һϸʦͽܣȴͽܡ˭Ϊʦְ
ȥһ̫̫ʦ˸ͽܣû꣬ͱͽܸɳԽҪôһλʦǿ߶ѡȥһǿʦ
ǣ˽죬Ҷ֮󣬶Զĸм֮飬ﵽױȵĳ̶ȡȻ֮䣬ȥĳ嶯ɵм
ʦӦѾɾͻ˰ɡϣʦҲһǿˣ
ԴҶӵǿֻʱ뱱磬Ҳʱɨϵʱ͵͵ģһЩô
õôģȻǶ졣
ΣǶһҶɵıǶ죬Ҷ̤֮·ͬҲΪ죬Ҷɲܻɽɵģﰵ֧֡ҶɶԼʦ
ڽʮ˲֮ǰҶɾͷ֣ʦȻ׵ˣ˾鼶ʱֹȥôꡣҶɵ㣬Ӧ̤˻Ȼ˵ڵҶ˾񼶣ֱǲֵһľΪǣССϣȴҲѾǣһǿһ
ΪʵջҶɵ˼·չùңԶȵһԼ˼·ʱϸѾ񣬹˽ٵͨۼţƽ
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ڣ϶ἵҶɡǣҶȴģϸԼΪκβ
ԽǿԽǿԽǿӦԣЩս
ҶɿϸǹȥδǣҶɵǣȴʶϸĽô򵥡
ǿǿǿ
Ψбøǿܸ˳ģӰȫģ֮·
ҶɲϸļޣΪҶʮȷţԼΪ⣬ϸܹ⡣Ҳһôʱ䣬Ҹһֹһ淨һͨȥԼϸԼ룬ϸܹǰԤ⵽ڣԼȻǿǣϸȴǲԼԼ˼룬ΪϸҲܹˡ
Ȼϸǳ֮ҶɲϸǲǼޣҲκһָһֻ⣬лԼ߰־Ļ
Ȼˣϵ꣬Ҳһܹվڣŵż֮ϣ
ֹ۵ЩҶɶôȤ
ӵɢҶΪĵ飡
һ˵һ塣ǵĻʯôһ⡣ʯԻᵹڳ׻ع壡
ҶʶۣϸҲһϾԴ֪ǲϸҲ˼ԼĹȥѰԼĸ
ңһ塣ңѩ顢ԷǵȴڡȻʱû䣬ǣҵǱȴû䡣ҵ⾳ֹˣҵֹˣ
Ҷһ꣬ȻȥϢʱ䡣ϸǿһӦڳ֣
ʲô
ûκѹûκιֻһ
ڷЦ
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ȻǷǵ
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Ҷڵľˮ׼Ҳֲֻãʮֻáֱһ˵ƳױŻȻ֣Ȼǿ󣬾ȻͣȻҲɱԼ
ĵȷȷҪɱԼⲻϸԸϸ޷Ƶ飡
ϸ䣡
䣡
ϸң
һبδе֮УϸҲѾ׽ң޷ƿԼȫ
֮ǿ˹
Ҷɵ飬ǰδеءһ˵֮ʱʱѵĹôͻʯһؽͨؽûƿߣϾʧȥԭе
ģҶɾʶաǣҶɸûԤϵվȻֲ˹
Ҳô࣬ȴͬ裬ȫã
ƣ
ϸ޷ƿǿΪ׷Ҷɱ
Ҷɣӣϸŵģ
ʱϸȻΪ塣ȫµıǻʯͬҲѡˣҶɺò
ֵܣûκѪԵϵȴӵѪԵϵֵܸܣ
ǣո˵ϸȫǺȻֵȥڻԼ壬Ҷȥ赲һֲ
ڣ˾ŴУߴҶܣϸҲûκ
ӣϣ⻹Զûн
ûн
ϸףҶɵĻ֮⣬ʵǹڸĪ⡣
ϸҲûȥ˼ףڿҶվֵģֲ㾫
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һƾճֵĿ񸫣ݺնɱˣұۡʱ䣬ʵ廯ͱһͨնشҽС
ҶɣĺȻҪɱң
֮ʹ֮⣬Ȼ𡣸ոĿȻһǧŮӡŮӵòȻδı𣡣
Σξ񡭡ϣ֮ĸȻǿ˹˹
ֻǣòһģһǴ⵽ڵϢҲһޡ
Ҳøоʵڡɻ֮󣬾Ȼͳˣһµı
ģҶɵİޱ𡣴ʱ˿̣ҲȻܵˣĪʹࡣԭչȻͱһصϳȡ
ϸ䣬Ȼ֮䣡(δ1377.ϸ䣡У
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ĹֶΣҶ˲Ƽ˸
ų֮ȥȥȥ
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ΩΩФûٵġ𡱣ʱ䣬ۼţۿɲٶȣһοٱΡ
Ǳչؾеı𣬻ûüѰңŵԵܡͺȻ֣ոʧȥľĪģת˻
ȥƺҶһʮǣתصʱҶɵһɫ䣡
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ΣΡʮ˲޷ڵǣҶɵĴȻܹµʱ˿̣ھĿѡ
Ҹ࣬һΡҸ˶ѣ
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ղţϲģӭԤ⵽սڣȴѾ뵽ˣУ
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ѣҶɣɱж档޿ɱĳԴϸеĿҶɡڸӦҶ֮Ѹپ͵תǹͷһεģҶɳɱ
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ϸ˻ߡϸ
ǰһɽԼȥĴڣֻǹǿѡ
ڣһ˺üεĴڡ޷ԵĿֲ
һٸҶɣҲܵסĹΪңȻѣ
ΡϸҲͬΡֻǣΡʱ޷һɱԼջʱѾȫȫģһ͡һ˺мҲûбĿ͡
ʯľ̫ͣͻıʣ֪롣
ǻʯٵͣҲޱҶɵĽƲǱȥĹŹִͳȴʲô׵ĳ̶ȡ
ߣǼ޻ȥʯһ֣ҪҶɣԶݡ
һռ𡣷ЩӦĶĿٿصĿܡ
޻ˣˡָľȻʯ֪ٺֹͨĴڵʲôǣʯţֵһѹпҵ֮
ǡ
ҵҲҵ
Ҷɽһ㣬ԭأ˿˫֮У˼ᶨ
ԼֱսǼ޻ĴԻ˶𣬲ڣ
ͬʱҲһֱǸߵȼڵ
ǿǣȴǿǣϸŸոսɹͻǿ
ǿУֻ˳̶ȵĹ̶ֳȵĹ޷ܣҶɵǱʶʮȷĸͲţȥֱĿֲѹ
սսòսҶһս
ʱĻʯѾҶɣϸڵ̫̫ࡣ֪ҶɵЩʲôǣǱҶǳľ۷£֮󣬻ʯͻǿͻʩչʲôͨ
ԶԣϸҪǿöࡣϾʱϸȻҶɲ١ЩطҲ⡣ǣҶҪģҶɵĴ룬ȴܹ²õ
ϻãϽ뿪
ʯ΢΢һ㶣˹ʱ飬ǴҶɣ
һȦӣʯϸߡ
ϣ⵽ôһ£
仯̫졣Դϸ֮е֣ǹڵǰֻǹȥϢѡ
ʯľҲ̫ͣͿף׷ʲô顣ֱֻһУòƸϸйء
ҵϸһЦ
ʯĪϣΪʲôҪ
ҪôҸ޷ơ
ϸĿЦǴȾһҲûʯЦ
֪ˡ(δ1378.ϸ䣡£
ϸͻʯ̾
֪ˣӦϸԼչǵϸǧ˰ʱ䣬Ҷû׼Ѿǿÿɱǵȴڡٷ飬Ҳֻоա
ڣҶȴǾһ
߳ҿ϶ΪˡԶԵģˡ
ܶܶԺ󣬵ϸʯԼĺϲʱԼ뷨
ȷȣƺ˺ʮ˲ȣȡҶǿ߾ڡҶֱܹ棬ڽ
ϸܻɣʯܻɣʮ
Ψһ֧ǵģҶɼʶ
ǿҲһһתΣΪ
ϸͻʯţҶɿٴ漣赲ݻ١ǣȴĿǹƵнͨҶɵڣ
ˣɵˣ֪ˡ
ʱ䣬ϸͻʯ㱾ãƺȫᣬʶ޲
Ϣ֮ڻعһӣһһ˲ƵҶɵߡ
硢սѾԶʯϸһҶɵߡֱ˲ƵʶԼһӵ㹻
ѵղڣѾҶɸˣ
ϸϲģʶҶɵɲ֮䣬ɫͱò԰ѿ
ϸ췴ɫԽԽѿʱ򣬻ʯ˲˹
ϣôʯʵ
ֻ˲ƶѣڻʯȴ˵ԭǡʯʵǵĵ̫ȡ˲ƹУȻôƽԼ˵ˡ
˿ʯϵˡϸ;ãԼˡ
ǡɡ
ϸѵģ˵ôһ仰ʯ΢΢һ㶣ȻڿˣϸŲҰײҰ׵

ʱ֮
áǶš
ϸͻʯʩʶ͸ռ䣬ħȵˡڣǷ
ָǰһࡣƣֶһʽͨʯһ¶һ˿΢Ц
²ǡϸҡͷ˵һʽܹͨ޷ƿصôǹ
ϸʱ֮ڣҲ˽ˣ֮Լӵ˺εڵڸղǱߵҲ¡ʮ򲻵ѣԼԲ׶
˿ֲƾһʽͨȻ޷˵Ѿȡ˱ľҪȫ⣬ô飿ϸڵƾ㡢ҲһĽ֮
ˣҲˣͷۡСûңѹǿѾʲô̶ȣôãָѩ顢Է˼
ʯǺЦţ԰οϸͣǣҲһֱܹڣϸİûڡ
ϸЦЦİûڣĵס
ֻǸǺƣڵǣ϶ܴ󡣡
ҲܲˡʯЦ٣Ǳߣǲٵġ
ãʯ֮ģϸҡͷ˵Ȼνܶ࣬ǣȴӸоɲ⣡
ʱ䣬ʯ۾Բˡ
ģ˵ȵѩ顢ԷҪǿϲ٣ûһ߳ȥ
һ⣬ͺƵãӻʯ˳ǣϸҡͷ޷κν
Щ⣬Ѿҵľˮ׼ҲֻҶָڴ󵨲²⣬ܲ¶Եģ֪𰸡
ϸĻش𣬻ʯҲЩ̾پһһε֮ҲоҶĲԼܿ

ϸͻʯģţԽ֮ģпܵķʱҶˣһֻجج״̬֮С
״̬
ƾϸͻʯβ²⣬ǶܲµõҶɾȻ뵽һ֣Ļ״̬֮С
Σ֮ʣҶ뵽ģΨһķͨתԼϡ֮ͨеģһ˿籾Դ⾳֮漴뵽ˣֻ״̬֮С
Ҷڶģ
ȶ磬᲻ĳ
ڶģĻ״̬Ļܹɱǹ֮
ڶģԼһɲǣܱһ˿ܹʱǲֱȥľ
ĶˣȻ˽ȻɢľҲɢ֮ʱҶɼʱľ˳
ǣȴ֪Լʲôʱ򣬲ܹ״̬ʵϣʱ˿̣û˼(δ1379.֮ãϣ
ˣ
Ҷɵ꣬ոתΪ״̬ʱһЩԶһЩԷңԶѩ飬ʱͲˣһı仯
ѵһˣͬˮ׼ⲻܣ
ȵãдš⡱
Լʲôʱ֤ϴģ
Լ֤ϴ֮־˶ٷꣿ
Ҫ޷Ӧߺܳһ·Ҫķѵʱ䣬Ӧ𾳽аʱʮٱʮʱѣôܳķԾ
ܿͽŹͷˣȴ֪ǸһշسǵǿŮޣʱ˿̣ȴȫͬ뷨
ȻһθٷԾˡҲΨˣֻظŻʼ޷ѣĿռλ֮Լ
ԶֻڱĿԷİ£ֻѾͻͽﵽ߽ף
ԭԷΪֻؽ׵죬ֻ׵죬ǸԼӦӦˡû룬ֱڣֻض޷Լ
ֻز֪ԼģǵǸ޿ԼŮ
ֻҲ֪ʶཻ֪ƯŮޣԼĿģҪԼϽѿռλ֮Լ
ֻظ֪Լһܻܿ˵ǰ֪ԷֹģԹһ֮ԷȻֱӰˣԼǰ֮ϡ
ȻУӽģǾҶңԶѩ顣
ӦòҲ磬ⲻܡǣĵȷȷӵ˲ֻ籾ԴǧҪȥʲôʥֶֻܰԼһʶĻ磡
ѩ鲻֪ǡĵ飬ڷⲻҶѡĽҶҲûвʲôʥֻ;ͬ飬ڵҶɣĵȷȷڳʶԨ䡭
ĸоȥҾܻ
дôһʶҶʧȥǿȫתɻ״̬꣬û˹ȥֱ
ȫȫģܲκΣաʵϣҲȷʵûʲôΣմڡ
ȥҶɲһ磬³һһ档ֻҪѩ顢ԷǵǿУ;
ǣҲʹ˱ˡĴڡܵȵһĻԵͻһԶԶģȥ
ֻأҪͷһĪȻҶɵ֮𣬡ֻҪܸһУȥڽ֮·һֻҪá
˭˭ڸ˵
ҶһдʶȻĪǿ˲١
дʶѰңڴ󲿷תɻ״̬ʱѰҡǣȴʲôûҵ
˭Ϊʲô˵ˣ
ǿ˲٣׳˲ٵʶŷһѶϢ
ѶϢķʽѾʲôҲʲôʶһ֣ϸʱ涼ùģϵķʽ
֮УûʲôǳҶϡǣҶҪѶϢʱʱգȻ˲Сı仯
ף
Ҷûյκλǣʶȴøǿ׳ǻƣȻת˹
һ򵥵ġסҶһεġ˻Ƕô׵һ顣
ڣһεģ˼ˡ
ڣһεģЩ㡣
Ȼ˵˼ݻȫͬնǣϾһӵˣ˼ֻҪûʲôղǰʶ
ңʮ˵ǣոտʼ˼һģһ̨
ⶫоϤ񡭡ⶫ棬¼ʲôϢ
˼ά˺һӡҶѰףⶫʲôԼô
ֻϧȻⷽĶͷھңԶĵطǣû֮ȴ֪
Ҫҳȥң
Ҷɲ֪ǣԼνġȥʵ֮תʶȫûдԼľء֪ʲôŽڡʲôŽ⡣
ʱ˿̣ҶԼĴֻҪ⡱ңܿҵǸĶ̨ϴԼʶԣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷܹҵ̨ԡȻܿƾ̨ԣ¡̨ܹԣڵ֡ǣȴҲɥʧһ
һ̽羿(δ1380.֮ã£
ܶԺҶɶлһεġͿ
ѵúͿ
ʶ̫ǻججҶǴ˺ͿֻǵֱӦܹʱա
ǣѵõģҶɺͿˡͺһ·ĺӣԵɵɵģһİĵطҴ
һδգȻΪһѵúͿһδԵ
׳˲ٵʶƬ֪£֪ʱУҵתšʵϣطʱҲûĪ
ҶԾӵǿͻעռ磬ʱ֮СǣҪôĻӦһ׻
ԻĲ
ֱܶԺ󣬵Ҷɳ˹ڻ֪֮Լʶȥо磬磬ôԼעһ񡣶ԼججģԵɵɵģﵽҴǵõջ
ʱҶɣҲûʶԼõʲôջȻǿ˲٣ԾƣʶһƬ֮Ĵεţûо쵽κ֮
λΣ䡣
ʵҲûʲôιġ磬һڣ֪ԼǲǷεͬһط
⻹Ϊʱղûг׻硣򣬿ռ䲻ǿռ䡣ʱ䲻ʱ䣬ǰͺһȥδҶʱݱǸģҶдʶ¾Ҳ
ڣҶɵʶٴʧ䡣
ڣһƬʱҲٻµı仯
λƣҹ䣬Ҳ֪ܵ˶ٹڻѶϢԵɵɵҶɡԵɵɵľ뿪һƬʱաҲ֮УҶдʶ壬ƺоĺ
Ǳĺ
Уⲿ־Ҷɾ˳ƽһ־񣬸͵档Ȼʱֻ²дʶǱϡ֪ñҲδ˲ɲĵط
ԭԱǵ΢ĩԼ΢ĩĲ־񡣸ͲܽԼĺʱ֮УҶɵĲдʶ֮Сǣǡʶܷʲô飬ʼԼİ˵ʱȻĴʱ֮УˣҶɵĲдʶ
˭ںңоϣҵĹϵܡ
ʱҶɣһ̽ϵ͵СûʲôҲûжʲôͳԼΪķ߹ȥ
ȣߵķǴġǣڱϵĽ֮Уģҵ׼ȷķû೤ʱ䣬һβдʶԵɵɵģ뿪һƬʱգ
ɣôˣ
ſǻ˹ǣȴ˸ա
ɣڸʲô
ҶһβдʶһĴƮȥΪҶѾʧˣԼ
ǣܿ죬ͷ֣ƺвһ
һβдʶɽǸȻһǷ֮д˳
ˣû¡
涵ı͵ؾסˡһתۣԼİôĽˣ
һβȱʶ𿴵ס˵Ǹ˵ˣпܣѾʲôǵá
ǣŹϢʱѣȻѾ罻
һӣʶǷӿڲͬ
ɣⷽǡ
Ҹ˵ԡҶЦʶϴڣҰʶ˻
ҶɵĽͣñȻҲЩ˵еѧԭӸȤ
ɣһξܲܳõ
űǳڴҶܲף뷨
ǶǺԼΪ޵ı𣬳ڸԼ롣𲻽Ҫܳõķ֮࣬ҪܣһãһԶԶԼ
˭˭а˵ԭͲԸκŮ˷ϹŮޡϰԧ죬ûײĽ֮ءʣǱԼ壬ļƷ϶ԶԶڣŮ֮ϣ
ڣϣҲֻɾԪɼ
ķӣ֪ⷽӵãʱЩ嶯ƴűҲȥ
ع鱾壬Ҳáӽ͹ԹԵϴһ𴳵
ҶնĻشñ˫գɳĨ̺졭(δ1381.
ĺң
һ̸ҶɵʱʮֹŹ֡ԼǻʱУһȡԼĵ̾˸桭
ǰѵ㲻ţ
ţҶɺǺЦֻû뵽ǼһȻϳ
ĸһʵ
ٺ١ҶصЦ˵ǣϵĸĸ
΢΢һ㶣ü΢
ɣ֪ҸĸΪʼչڻǣô˵ܹҵĸĸ
ҹĸĸҶɹЦû˼Ҹղ˵ģҲĸĸ
Ծɴ֮У𲽻ָԼʶԼҶɣ˲۳һ
֮ռ顣Щ鷱ܳЩ˵㲻ǵĸĸ
Ϊ˵Ҷֱ˵ģԼģͨʱ۳Ĵռ֮У˼塣
ʱҶɣȽֻһ㡣ǣҲѾ˵Ҫ˵⣡
ѩŵ˵ҶɣҲҪ
뵱ꡣҶɿڱİ֮һ¼ڵı𣬿ܱҶɸţ棡
Ҷɲûи֮е⡣ǣƾ򵥵ʾˣҶҪ˵Щʲô
˼ǡˣ
ǲ˼飡
ͳ˵棬߸ռλ棬ЩͼøǿĴڡʩһĳͷͷһͨ֡٣
ڱӡġνزʣΪۻԼҪʱôܳ
˵ô֪ԼҪ
ΪʮرĴڡ
Ҷɵñʮ
ԭֻǱеһ־ʱع飬ôһ־Ҳڡ˵仯ɱģҶɡ
ǡҶ̸֮У֪ģʵɡһ죬ԼһһĴڡ磬ɣҶģжϡ
ɣ˼ǣҺر𣬴һֱڹעҡԣҪʱͳˣ⣬Ǻǻ
þѡ
ԼһССɾԪɼĴڡȻͶԳβñսľ
㱾ǻҲʹ
ҶӦñ㱾ãǵһոشҪʱָĴڡһǿãһеĴڣ
ʶ죬Ҫ׷Եɡǣߣȴֲ֪Ӧѯʲźá
Щ飬ͲöġֻðĵģȰѷ۳ȻٸʡǱټϣǴʱʱһЩôܿ죬ͻͽı壬ҲˮǴߡʱҿǻʦ֣Ҳ㣡
ҶɵĻʮ㡣ԼʩΪԴһһΧűתĲӬǣηµı
죬𿩿Ц
ҶԼνʦ֣Ǹӵ֮ĶֻĴڡǣʱ˿̣֮еֺ⣬ȴǴʮ㣬Ρ
Ů˳Դף˸оһ
˳ԴףҲһܹŮ˸оһĵۡ
Ů˶ǸԶʱʱܹܵĵʱȥ̫Ŀ࣬ҲѡԵǡ
һĿĵ˹ȥķֻ֮࣬ϧѵõۡȻֻһҶۣȴҲѾȹȥֳõķ룬Ҫǧ򱶡
˵Ҷڻָʶ꣬ǻʱյͬʱȫȫģ۷ָ㱱βܸõСڱ˵ⲻ󾳽жôսжôǿᣬֻһԼģԼģȫȫԼİˣԶԼߣԶ롭
ʱ䣬۵ķΧ֮УŶȥ
ҶɿʼʱϸͻʯѾƳǸ۵ʱҲ֪ȤģװͲ֪ʲô飬ûмŸҶɽʲô
۶һЩʱɣҿŶøж֡
ϸͻʯ롣ʱǣֻҪ޷룬ǾͲκΣաǣûϵǣǾͣʱӵʮռ俪ʼѪսݣ(δ1382.ǿĴڣ(ڶ
ĸߴǿ׳ִһ˫ĺ۾ʱʱ˸һѪȵĺ⡣
ЩʮռǣȥɱͬҪ˵֮Ļôǣһݣ׵˾ȡ
һӭ𣬾ͱһѩѩ׵˹ȥԼƺ˵һͨ׵ĿʱȻ֣һɭ԰׵ȻѾݺݵҧԼĲϣ
~~~~~~
һĲҽУһʱ𵴡һΪ˵˵Ȥǣø˷ܡ
񵶵ķһ͹ˡεˣͬ죡
ܹɱ񵶷ĴڣǱѰҪܹɣҾܽһĿռ
񵶵ûһоκǵ֮أǿ԰ѶָˣҲһпܰǸˣʮѰ񵶵ܿͱԺһʶˣλڵڶλõ֮ϡ
ûȤĹ򣿡
ǵڶһģֻ˽ǿ֪ģֻģеһÿһģӵһرԻ֮ܡ
֮
λɾʱǧ֮ʵ֡
񵶵Ĵλ𿴵סˣҪ֮ܡλߵ
ϵĻңȻҲȱ١㴺ӭ洵൱Ĵڲ֪ģɾ裬˳ڻش
ڶ΢΢ЦţŶԷĻشԷҲȷˣԷҲȷǼش
شһ̣һףʲôһ
ˡԷſˡǣνĻشûνġһҲԶʩչ
һҧ
ڶķһģһֶθɱʱڣв𾯾
ҲͰˣҲˣֻá뵽ʱһλǡÿȱʵϣûսҲûнܹκս
ȴͬսһڶλϵ֮⣬ɹʮı
ǣܹﵽλãҲɷࡣ١ôץɵģֶΣǱѰ
ûܹ˲ɱķߡǲöԸЩѹ׵ֶΣҲ˸ʩչʱ򣡡
һЩ֮䣬شǾãóһЩѹ׵ֶΣѾǺǸ½ˣǣȫû뵽

ֻϢʱ䣬ʮһһ䣡
ͷβ½ֻùһСŴ죬ݺҧȥֻô򵥵ģظֶΣȻ̵ʮ
λں󷽵ǣһͷ𶯣ɫʱ򣬸ǳԾ鷢ˡ
ãʦıˣ
ʦڵʮڴ˵صķոձļһһҧ
֮ˣǾʦͬšȻ֣ھʦ֮ʱʦıҲȻ䡣һʱ䣬;̵Ľ⾪ʣ֪ͨʮռеĸ
ܹɱʮռ䣬ռһϯ֮صģǼȽӽߵĴڡǵȻ֪һ侪̱Ѷζʲô
Ͻ
ԶģϽջϽģɴ֮ϵɴ
ǿԼ⡣еʹ࣬ɵĴˣ
ǣܿЩ𣬾Ͳںʹ࣬ںִˡңԼϣ
ɱɱɱ
һ𳷵úܿ죬ǹɱҲܿ졣һ׷ӶݵʱǹȻȺҧ

ڵ֪Щδüǣ³ǺεȵʱЩΪشǣһģֽٺĸо
ǵ˭
飡̲飡ļңôǿĴڣ
飬Ϊ˱
飬ֻΪ˽ύ
ǿΪһǿò񻰵Ĵڡᱨ̫ɵϽύ
ߣҲû˭ܹɱ¾ǻɾʹߣ
ܣվ߽׶εĴڡȴڳ֣򣬸ܾ޵дڣ
δĴ߰벻Ȼۼ֮ύٺ١
һŵл̵̻ǡ֮࣬оЩϲ(δ1383.Ļϣ
Ҷɲ֪ǵʮռ׷ʲô顣ʱ˿̣˸ѵõʱ֮⣬˼˻֮ϡ
ǣڻʱιĸܣ
һ޵ģʱܹҸɵĸо
һƮģ̽ʱռĸо
һֱģƺʶԶĸо
ҶɻһһֵĸоҪЩо֮Уȥ̽Ѱǻʱյİءǣû뵽ǡ
ףоôȻˣ
ǰĸоޣƮ죬Ǳ
ǣת֮䣬Ҷȴ־쵽ˣȫ෴ָо
˳ʵˡůоı仯棡
ܶ󣬵Ҷɻ˸ӸľΪ֪֮ĸоôסѩ顢Էԭǻ塣ǣǵ˻Եʱȴںܳܳһʱûлָо
Ҷɸ֪ǣʱ˿̣ǴҲڿԼһǴ֮ĵĳΪ⣬ѹΪ˴ҶãĻ֮嶼Եõĸ
˵õĸоֻǵһ
ƺ˵ںκθо
ĸо֮ҶȾ뵽ֿԡǿߡ¾ͻ˼·ϵ˼ȥǣȻָ˲ٵҶɣȴķ֣ԣǶǣ
ںиоЩѧ͵ֻҪӦҲǣǿ϶ܱΪ֮壡
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УгԽ˴ĴڡûһڣĹ졣ûһڣֻĺ˼룬²һʩΪĿԡ
ЩڿҶɺϸҲѾһڣҲ⡪ǿ߽׿ӵͽ׵߽׿̽ͽ׵δ⻹пʵ֣Ҳһܹʵ֡ͽ׿Ӹ߽׵ͽ׿Ӹ߽׵δ֮Ժ󣬾Ҳûпܣ
¾ǡЩͽ״ڣ˸߽״ھƶɵ챦Ҳ޿ܡʵϣҪҳɱ֡ô߽״ڣлмԽ˴Ĵڡ챦ûװ׵ģҶɸڳ
ʱҶɣʲô磿
ʱҶɡжôңԶ
ôľ࣬ô챦߽״ڶû³ɡǷͽ״챦ôһ㣿
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֣ʱȷֻǵıﾪȶѡ˵ֵǿߣҲδΪܡ
ǣڶԴ̽Ѱ棬κһȻڡ¾Ҷ˼άԾ뷨ĳȻڣﶼΪƵġӳκμǿߵ飬ܣ
ȫΥ˳ȫ߸˲ླϴڵ˼άЩȻڿһĻôǿ϶ͻЩԼȥƶϿɵĵҶֳǿĴڣҲ⡣
ڣҶɲûۿڣֻתһС
˵飬ӦȥʱҶɾѾЩԻ
ѵҲõʮ˲ĳϣ
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ǣתţ汦ֳ֮һĻĻʱҶˣҶһֳ嶯һֲϧһдۣҲҪ˲Ϲȥۿĳ嶯
ڣҶɾöˣΣյҲࡣǳ嶯ʩһ˲䣬嶯ѹȥ
ۡ
һѪֻΪѹĳ嶯Ȼش
ʱ䣬ϸˣʯˣǾˡڣ̷ӦûһçײȥҶɣȥѯҶɡŬŰŬҶӪһƽͶĻ
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İɣΣաҶɺǺЦǵ֪Ǵ˾޴ĺôԭһģûҵָ㣬᲻ᵼʲôƿڿõĻԵõĶҪ
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ͨȵĸҶɲģ֮ȱһУΧڡ
Ҷɽһ⵽ˣ֮ʵʱһͨͳǰһ󲽡
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ΪˣССһĵͨҲͬӵĪڼϣϸҶɣҲȥֵҶɵͨˣǿϸǽ꼱ٵҲ˲ƽ
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ѾƽҶɷųű˵Ȥҿȥ㾳绹ͣĻԵԳܡ
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ڣҶһʽͨİ֮£ǰδе˼άݡϵҶɸȵļ仰Ǿ˹
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ٴĻԵҲҪһ𣡡
˼ıҶҲûκΰ취ֻ΢΢ҡҡͷһεģȡϵ

ʮ˲ʱϡ⣬ҲռĹ
Щʱϣǿ󵽾ҶѾܹۺһʩչͨҲƵÿˣҶûԼȥѰţģҪں
ҲԭҶҲֻܸϵϾõʮ˲ϵĺԷѰҶɵڡҶʡȴ
ȻˣҲôͨҲܽǱ֮гֵ־󣬻ֵĴݹ
ڡҶѾôһѪ
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ԣȻ϶ݹģֻһЩǡҶȴܹ½Ǳеһһԭ
Щԡ
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ЩϿȷһϵ͵Ĵڣһˣǰ㡣ǣЩϣȴûֳ˵ģڣµͣûֳ
Ǽնȴûܳնס˾ʲô취Եһ
Ҷţֱûдţĵȷʮ˲֮СңҲܺõĽˣΪʲôԼһֱҲţĵϢʮ˲ʱϱҶҲûа취Ѱ
Ҳ˵ΨһһϵͣҶһˣǰ㣬ֻĴƯŧѪĵ߲ռ䣬ųɾžţġ򣬱ֱҲţ鷳жϡ
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Ҫ֪ɲһͻͽҪģ̶ֳȣţĵľҪﵽʯˮ׼У
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飬Ҷɾò١ԼǣĴڡǣͻͽҶɻǾúܲ˼顣
ڡ
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ȥʱţģڵ߲ռϾʼͣڵڰ˲ռڴţѾ˵ڰ˲ռ䣬ǶӦ
ص߲ռ䣬ȫѰţģԥģҶ´
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ȫԱȫȥѰţġѰݣν׳ޱȡ
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Ҳ˵ԽռȥǺãȥѰң
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Сӣʧȥ٣
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СӣǾǹСӡʵϣҲûСȽھŲռ䡣ϾЩСǿߡֻʥɼڰˡΪ˰ȫ̽һռͷӦħ
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涴ţǸһʱո꣬ĴռսʱҶӴʱֻͨǣЩ涴ȶģҶɶûнӴ˲ʱ֣˲ʱʧĳ涴
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Щνֻǻ֮
Ҫǣ֮ǫ̂ϣҶɷ֡
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ǣıʵҶɿ塢ı֪֮Լһ·ǰУһ·ɱȥ
ˣҵ֮ͨȻǿΪҽںһ𡣡
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էȥıֻüбƵвıǣ˼һ֮Ҷɾͷˣε⡣
ȥҲǿҪӰҵֻΧô򡣲ǿѩ顢ԷһĴڣѾ֪ģҵһӣ
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ΣҲ޷㿪ơϾңҵҵһУһţ
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ʱǿ߶ڲ²⣬ʮ쾳죬޵ٶһһԽеǿ߶ڲ²⣬ǲǻͰģ͵þͳԽ棬֤ϴɾһĴ档
ǣʱȻȥ˵Խ棬֤ϴˣʥһľ磬Ҳٳٶûܳ
һٳ١͡ٳ١ǧʱ䡣
Ȼ˵ǿ˵Ǻٹʱšǡǧʱ䣬Ҳʵǹ˵㡣
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ЩûǿߣҲи顣𽥵ġЩǿǣҲû˶ٹעȤ
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Խײ鿴ֻܿԼǣﲻһǣװ׵ģԼδ֮
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ҲҵֽĿֲʱܽѿǣӻصҵ棬ǳԽ뿪˭֪Ƕô棿
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Ȼһսһʽͨǿ󡣵ǣûһսҲǲܻɱ㣡
ǣɹǸǵ͵⡣ǣԼı費ҪԳѡ

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㲼ֶΣѵҾûκβãб£һ·׷ɱ
Ǳŭһֱڣûʧ̸ʧǣѾѧų֮Ҷɣȴʮܿʮ˲ͻۼ㹻ǿų֮Ⱪŭһһ߳ȥ
ʵϣıŭһǸѡԾɿҶɵԾΪֻҪԼʩչȫҶϣͲһ
ˣҶɵ˷ΪԼһֵģԼеóջ񡣿ǣȴû뵽ԼĲһͷ򣬶һƥǣ
ʱ˿̣áǡҶɣǡ֡һᶼģ´ǿ󹥻Ϊˣһͷ伫ġ׶֮ǡ
ʱ˿̣Ҷɵ˫Ŀ֮У˸źε׹⡣Ҫ׺ݵĿ⣬ǿҵıŭȻ̫Զ̫ԶҲҪԽӰ죬񣡣(δ1402.ս(һ
ܹ

ʲô͵սʲôȼսսɣô档
ŭʼҶһֱţĹɱѹҶܹһˣһǹҶҲŤתս֡
ҶҲŤתս֣
ǸǸ쵰ʮ˲ôֻһҴ
쵽ҶǾű񸫣ʹҶɵһ󷨣˲ʮ˲֮
ų֮Ҳʮ˲ʱ֮һ֣ܹȴ֮ܿ
Ҷɲ֪Ϊų֮ų֮ûܵڶνʮ˲ʱΪһ˵壬ԲŲһν뵽
Ҷɴʮ˲еʱ䣬ҲѾЩͷˡʮ˲еҲЩоЩ˽⡣
ų֮γɵų֮Ҷɻס
ʮ˲ʱ֮ҶҲСá
ʮ˲еģ˶η֮Ҷȴֻģģĸоˣֻǳž
ǣžֻҪҶɴʮ˲ûκԸ
ȻҶֻǳžֻҪҶ趯Ǿűʱʮ˲ġκһܹ֮Ҳû취ʤ
ˣҶһ·ʮ߲ռܡ
ˣעȫ˶Ը֮Լϲ²⣬Ҷ۷ܵĿġ
ˣҶɲ˻ᣬ͸ʮ˲ʱϣ͸µΧ󷨣͸ĵ塣Ӱ쵽
Ҫһ㣬ѣѣѣ
һ㣬ɱɱɱ
۷ȥŵʮ߲ռ䱼ʱҶɻֻţݺݵһϾӾʵжϣ֮ĲԾɷǳ
͸ҶǰƲһһֲӡһʽͨԼٴɱ䣬ٴпܸӲӲڡƻϲϱ仯죬һӹ츴ԭ˻ȥҶɸ㲻Եɣֻˣеɱ䡣û
ˣҶɵ뷨ܹǰĲáݺݵһٳһαҲ㹻ˡû뵽ԼȻܹӰ쵽
Ϊ鷳ѹΪʲôûע⵽
ҶɵĵһӦյ롣ǣû೤ʱ䣬ԽԽòԾ
ղŵıŭŭҡڵıŭȴǴǱյҲͰˣбҪߵǧͨҲף
ǰǹ֮еǧͨȻʵҶ۽󿪣ࡣ
ڣͬǧͨȴͰ֮Уɬ֮⡣Ȼʱû¶ʲôǣҶһȥȴ쳣ҵδ
Ҹһ˿籾Դ֮ϲ¥ҵ²⵽ȫֵĿ꣬²⵽ϢϮɱϸʯݽҲûɳκδ󣡡
ûκδǾζյ롣ģԼɹӰ죡
ոҴȥģǷЩͨı仯ΪѾʩԽ
Ϣ֮ĹȻԥٻ
ˡ֤ʵݲ²֮ҶɲɵþͰԺ棬˵һλߣ׷ɱλߡ磬Ӧûκ⡣ΪʲôҲֻ˵һԽշ򵥵У
ҶǿԼ쳣ֱû̫ʱ䣬Ŀ⣬ܿͷԼǾűŵĿ֮ϡ
ű񸫣Ҷɵ۶ɣл֣䲻ǿ⾳ȴǱھģ֮
ҲΪĳر֮Թڽģȫע
Ҷɵ˼·ѾȷǣҶɵжϻ׼
һԣѸҶһ㡣ó࣬ȴûвκξ֮ʱܿʶشʧԼ
ų֮ͰĹ״ݻٵ
ʱ֮ҪͲǿƿʱգ׷ɱôʱ䣡
Ǿֻǡ
ҶҵĴʱ˫ţҲ̤ˣʮ߲ռ(δ1403.սģڶ
Ҷɵ˫ţո̤ʮ߲ռʱǿ񱩵Ĺ֮Ҳǿƿʱϣ˲ִ
ӡþó棬
ʱ䣬һ󣬾ͺȻ׷ɱĿ֮ʱͱһ
ⲻѰһûó棬ԴһƬʵصĻ
ⲻһֻ֮Ļ֮УҶɶֲ֮㣡
߸߹Ѫᣬһе⾳ĪҳȡĪҳȡЩ⾳󲿷ֶϸʣһС֣򽻸Ҷɡ
ԭҶɲû㹻ʱ䣬ȥоĵ⾳ԭͲģȫԶ֧һ֮ǲûгõıչزҶҲն١
ǣҶ˲ֻ֮һ˿⣬ͺȻ֣ǲ֮ʵҲô⣡
νġӸ¡ˡ
֮ʵһΡɽҪķѴʱ뾫
ƶˣ֮εĸ棬ҶҲ̤κһҪ̤ĵط
׵磬׵棬һһ¡ζ
һͣҶɵվ󷨵ĲԶɵĵȴһ
ԶסһɱŭҶɲû
һɱŭҶȴʮգ
ϣӰսۣڴ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾ֪ʲô˽ȫԸڣķ󷨣˵屾
棬ȻҲСҶɵԵʡΪҶ͸ʱϣ͸󷨣ıûʶҶɾȻܹǿ壬ֱӻꡣֱӰ쵽
ǣҪԭ򣬻һصһҶɻ˽⣬Ҷɻõʮǿ
ʱ䡣Һúң״Ӻζ
ʮ˲ŲͬЩԴ
ų֮ʮ˲κһų֮򷨶һԴޱ
ʱ֮ʮ˲
κһɾϵǿߣӵԼרռ䣬ǳɾ֮Ҫ־֮һ
רռ䣬Ȼͻϳר֮ҲΪʲôмǿ߻⣬ܵǿߵĿռλȥ͵ԭ
νģռλ֮
ȣֿռλ֮ĵ֮ûʲôڣųɾŵǿߣɴԼĿռλ֮֮ȫһ¡
ԭҶҲ⡰ųɾšеһԱҶɿʼʹϸṩĿռλ֮Ҳ͸ȫȻͬ׷롣
ʮ˲Ŀռλ֮ҲͬˣǴǧ֮Ȼͬɴ˶ʱ֮ȻȻģ͸Ǵеʱ֮ͬ
ʱ֮ͬʮ˲лвԴҲЩԴҶҲܹʮĽãʮʩչ
ΨһԴ˵壬
Բų֮ҲԲЩɿռλ֮ݻĶ֮ΪصǣƺÿطڡǣֻҪҶҪãȴʱصӿֳ
صҶɺѾ֡ǰռΪ˸õںǰų֮õһʱ䡣ʱͷ֮
ʱֻ⾳ҲǿԣҾûô⡣û룬Ȼе£
£֮Բٴ̤ʮ˲Ϊһĵƿʮ˲ʱϣŪһôǿ׷ɱңΪʲôɴԽȻȴ˵벻ʲô⡣չ飬ǾԽսԽǿ
ѵõ֮УҶɽܹĵģ⡣ǿɵ֮ڣţǿľط
Ҳ˵ң⾳ˡҲ˵ڵңҲʵ⾳
ΣǿȷһߣȥҪģǳȡնɱ
նɱҶɵ롣˭һǿڣǿѹǧ꣬ǧ꣬롣
ԭҶΪԼҪøǿſȥʵ롣ڣַһȫµ;(δ1404.ս壩
ʱ䣬һһεŶȥ
ʱܿȥһıŭڳɹ
Ҷɣ
һ˲仯˳ǧ
ԭӴ̾ΪֹǧŭĿԲɵġ˴Ӿ͸ӿֲվڲԶҶɣͺҪֱǧǵĺ
ǿߣϸһ˲䣬϶ЩľɫءϾ˵ǧѹȱˡǧǣĺҲɣӦĹ
ǣҶȴЦˡЦݣĲá
㶺ôĻҲ˼óŪ
ϸǵȴᱻһľ
ǣҶȴһĻ
ȷֻǻѡ֮Ҫ֮֮ĻֶΡ
ȷʮֻҪȥǳǧȻᱻ
ôխĿռôӴĻ֮塭㵱Ҹһ׳գ
ϣ衣ǰӰͨҲõ˸õá
ҪõøͨҪõʩչԽԽÿҪʧصڸҶṩԽԽʩռ䡣
䣡
һεģҶɸǵŭ֮ݺݵײһǡ
һΣҶǾű񸫱ҪԽػԻ󣬲һʵ֮ȻҶɿͷϼ裬ǣƽĹУȴС
ɱ﷭˴Ƿͣ
ܲնɱҶɲֻ֪㽣ֻѡϾҲ֪ӵıͨϾҲ֪ԼԼٶռһԵͷųȥ׻Ľ֡
ǣҶȴѾʮֻҪԼ⣬ֻҪԼߴκһ壬һսԼѾȲʤȯʤɣ
ҲȲʤȯҲΪʤɡǡȴ־棬ףСңСͬ
Сϸϸһ۾˵ꡣ꣬ͷȴװױϸ
С˱𡣸ʧΪ˱Ҳܴ죬Ҷ£˷̵
գͷβСҶɡǰҶɵɷҶɵʱпܱ˵ĶԴҶҲܻ죬Ҳܸսˣڼط
ֻϧϲûкҩЩʱշ򣬿תʱյĴڣҲܽͬǿصȥʱ֮ȥ
һֱҶɴʮ˲ʮ˲˸ףǱǿĴڡȻѾ͸͸ˣǣȴܹ£ηȻҪҶصǧǰʱȥҪȥıȥʷҲʵС
δҶ뿪ʮ˲ΪһѾҪĴڡΪһܿڲõĽᳬԽĴڡôǿиıʷ
ʷ޷ı䡭ҲһҲ=û㹻Сģɹ̣Ҳһû취ıʷ
ĲţǾűŵĿ񸫣Ҷɵʶƽһ
սˣ׼ˣҶѾҪʲôֻҪйעʩչľط
Ȼ˵Ѿ˲ӦÿԼʵѾپǣҶȴֻ֪Ҫûȡյʤ;Բ⣡
ûֶΣǸԶģһصĴڡҲô꣬ǵ׻ţľɱֶΣ
ȥȥ룬ҶɲݾߣЩشڣΪԼĿӶʲôϵı䶯ȻҶҲ֪ǲʲôֶΡǣһ͵ر仯Ǳ仯ֻǸΣգǱ仯ֻǸ鷳
ľˮӳõĲԣĪھسɣ˿
ʶڳ׵׵ģȫƽ֮󣬽ȥɲǵʱ䣬űȻɢҶɵı֮ϣһȫף˲˳
֮ű񸫵ϸСƣǰǾűߵĿ񸫣ֵı˳
ɣռ˶ϣ(δ1405.սĸ
ôĽ϶ɡֻϧȴѾɥʧǡ
ҶھͽǾ۶ɵռɱôʱҵһͿҲѹʱֻ׳ʿ󣬽һӴԲΪۣƵҶһʽǱԼܹͨȫԶݣѰս
ֻϧرǺǸҶɣıҶɣ㵽
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ϵĺǼͨ׵Ҷɣȴڸɽ֮ϵһ㣬紵ԿȻ

䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
һǰãƵҶɵ⣬ʼΧǹɱŭһɱŭһεģ˼֡

䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
Ӵ漴ע˽Ҫ书һۣҲĵȷȷĳɹϣ
ǲ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ϵĺ֮ʮ߲ռ˳ʱʱ䡣ڣҶǼǿף˵ѡҶЩͲʮ߲ռֶΣҲûǰ
Ծǲ
ʱܿҶɵʶô϶һΪѾսˣʶԾɷƽ˾ûκ춯ס˹ƵʱʶȻԾƽ羵ȻԾûκɧļ
ܹһ㣬ôԿıڻԽƾͼơԷΪʤ
ֻϧһ㡣ʱͷʮʮҶɶطҶɸɴཫķԼľϣѣҲҶɵ꣡
˵ʱ˿̣ȫˡһʤֿɵõĿ״̬֮СϵõԼ⡰ɹĸоҶɾα졣ϵõҶɵ֮СŹ쳣
ֹСʱ
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ȡҶӵٶȺܿ졣ͺǵʮ˲ռһʱʱģ񸫡任໨һĽ
ǣģҶɵƺˣҶɵٶƺҲЩȡ
ұ
Цʱ˿̣ҶûоαһɹҲһ־ʤ
ɲܰޣҲܸԱĻᣡǸֵŮޣұѩ޵Ļᡭȼӵţˣ
ʱ˿̣ǵûʶԼѾݡǿˣβܽҶܻ㲻ܣҲʧ߱ĵ塣
ʱ˿̣ǵûʶԼپڣʼǸ׷ɱԼ£ռ䣬հԼƵǿߣԼӦʲôֶȥĥȥɱ
ʱ˿̣һеһУҶɵļƻڽСļƻûã͡˳¡ģԡ˹ȥ
ϾϣĪģǿҲܷ죡
ΧҶɵͨһЧҲԼ
ǱߵǣҪٲӾҪɱˣ
嶡棬ɫ˲ò԰ס
ԶĶ诣ǽһѪ˳
ûƶĮǿļ诣ƶǽǿĶ棬Ȼֻ˵ˣûȥ
ȻйŹ֣ǡϣ¶Цĵĸӹ
ʱ䣬嶡ɫ䡣͵صתͷԶ˲ƶȥ
ʱ䣬Ƕ诣ҲȻɫ䡣ͺ񿴼ʲôµĶƵãһٶ뿪
ֱ˲֪أȺ
ףΪʲôҪӣ
Ǻǿ󣬵ǻ˾̼Ϊʲô˵ҾĹˣ
أѾ֡أҪиĻȥֲԼԣŶصֻͨˡ
Ի󲻽һļɵļɵǱһڣǣ
ֻǣûϵǣܱλߣϴȥʱǿصһڡȻʧ룬Ȼ䣡(δ1407.˲ɱ
ܡ
ľţûг̫ʱ䡣
װΣװóʮ˲ҶɣҲ̫ʱ䡣
ʣʱʡһ֮⡣ǰ󲻹ɲʱ䣬ǿ˹ѾϢ
ɱǿڣ¡¡âɡֻҪֶκʣֻҪǿǿҲһ˲
ţƯеģǸѾûϢģ޴һǵĴڣҶɲɵǸп
ķʱ˿̣ҲҶɵ˳ߵҶɵ
ɣڿϧһ֮
һеģҶɺǺЦ֪ߣĪ㡣
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֪ģ֪飬ˣ򸴺
ԣüĿһСҶɵĿ⣬ʬƿȥƵʮ˲ڵʱ
ǣʱѾҪﵽ־磬ܿõʮ˲ߣʮ˲¶Ǹ֮⣬Ҳʾǰ
ܳʱҶû취ٽʮ˲ˡ˵ԴռһҲ޷
Ǽǿߡ
ҶɵĿ⣬ִʮ˲ƿȥǶĵطǶĵطһһɨȥ
ǻûҸǿǣǸҳõĴǸ˵ǿұţ࿹Ĵڣ
ǱͨߡˣǣܿǱĴھͻᵽʱҪԵģͲһȼĴڣĳڣ
һ͹Ҷͷ۵ˡȻɹǡеľգֱпܻʧǰΣգҶⱲӴûоġ
Ȼ˵ЩΪѰԼܹеȼռλһѰ˴սģԼǰ֮ǡпҪҪǿ󡣿ǣϾֱڣԼûи潻ˣʱգܸԼĥǿУһ
˵Ҷǧ࣬Լɹɱôʮֹ۵̬ȣȥ嶡漴ٻǿڡȥǶ诣ٻǿڡ
ǣ˲ɱģһ֮
һҶɶٻһҶɶٻЩĲ㡣
ֻӵ֮˲ɱˣ
ûаοҶɣҲûиҶɳʲô⡣ֻζķһ䡣˲ʱ䣬ҶɻЦ
ģҲȫģ
Ͼ˲ɱֻҲУ
һεĳɹ˲ɱ̣ʱ˳򣬵ȥ
ǣҶɳɹĽ֮ͨ˳ҶͨռɱǿƵ֮ȱȻõ֮ȱӵһ֮ҶҲ˲ɱ
ǣڶһǣ֮Ŀ֮ǰҶʱˣԤ֮еһʽͨҲȻֶݵʧҲδûᱻռɱиһ
ֻеƣǸðգڱǿʮ˲ǡ
ǣǰǰǲ°ǵͨǰǰǲڴε㡣ҶҲ˲ɱ
ȥһǸɾ䣬ˮ֮⡣֮ǰ˼֣ҲûκĻᡣǣʵϣΪĽ֣ҶҲȷ˾޴ľ
ֻӵ֮˲ɱˣ
ȻǷ񶨡
ӵ֮Ͳ˲ɱˣ
ҲͬǷ񶨣
ֻҸطĥҵȥˡϡϻãǰȥǡǰУż
͸ʮ˲ʱϣ뵽ˣÿһӦý֮ȥ˲ʱ䣬ϸͻʯħȣҲյҶɵĴѶ
֪ˣȥɣ
ϸЦ֮ҶɵΪҶɵĳɹеˡ
ˣһң
ּᶨҲ漴ҶɵҶɸǿˣҲӼᶨˣԼֻƿ֮
ҶɺǺһЦὫһԶ˲ƶȥ(δ1407.ƺ
ǡ
ҶǴ߳ȥһֱߵʮ˲ȥֻΪ˵ִʮ˲ͻ˲ʱ䡣
ڣִʮ˲۷Ϊ̤㳿ǣֻȥˣСʱʱѡ
ֱǶȥھ볿ǻ֮ʱʱͣͣ
ƺˡǲԶһڣƴ׷ɱĳĴڣҶɺǺЦ
ͬʱƺ飬ҶҲһ
֮󣬱ҲЦԩ·խϣƺעҪնɱ
ԶĻʱǧʱ䣬Ȼһˣƺ
Ҫ֪ƺɲǳϵǿߡڳǱܲ˸̾ѵ
ҶҲ΢΢Цţ˵ͷ֡ǿ磬жг𱨳ҶɿɲΪ̫ߣŹյĵˡ
ǣոҪֵʱȻ֣ƺ͵һɲȻ󣬾ƿڴҪҪ˵õĲݣѾľȻ˳ǣ
ţҶɾȵգգ۾ǡѵʲôŹ֣
Թ⡣ԭҶɾóڣƺľ粻֪߳˶ȥƺֵһ仰Ȼ˺ܶ⡣
ƺ̤㳿ǣ
ǸǱӴܵļҲƤʵȻͣתƺһȻ󣬹Цţһӣģųȥ
͡ʱˣǸˡɣҿҲѧѧɱƺʱ䣬һ
ɱ˲ͷأû¾ƺһƺ϶Ҫȥ
⡣ҶɺǺЦȸ˵ǳʲôʣȻ߽׵ƺ̤ȥǼŹȥ˶ʱ䣬ϾȻǿ߳ˣ
ǧʱҶɿ죬ƺҲһ˳ȻҶ޷Ტۡǣһ嵽߽ףҲ
Ǽ͸档Ҷɿ֪ȷǳϵǿߡǣԳǵԴѶѳȼĴڡǿһӦǳʲŶԡײʲô˵
һ֣Ǹ׷ɱԼһ·ƺҶɵƿ֮С
ǰǰ
Ҷɵ涼ûмƺͻһ£˫ϥ
мһ֣֪ûСɵľסԼԼǵĶԼѹͿֶΣԼܹ
Ѱ۷弶ڣҲȱ¡ǰˣôͱҸײˣ
򣬰ƺ⣬ԼѾǺţţĴڡЩĸˣҲֻܻԼɱԼ˵¶ģɵģסԼ
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ƺƺ㻹Ƽʹ棬伫
꣡
һ󣬾ͿƺұۣҶɸж
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ĥƺ⽫ƺĲҽͳȥҶԼĿġǼǵûӶݣԭվĳ߿Ҷʱ֪ǿѾһܶĵط
ƺ㻹𣿡
Ҷɵֲпᡣƺһ첲ֻΪ̽Ǳʵĳ̶ȡҲͬΪˣƺһѵ
ڸղţƺսս˫ϥ򵹵ʱ򣬱׼ӶͨѪ
ҶֻᡢĪǸˮ׼Ļᱻƺƭ˹ȥǲҽƺ˶Ѫɫ
˭ôʶңôôǿ󣿡
⣬͵ؾƺʶٻһ̣ƺɵϡ˼ӶѾ޷תˡ
һʽѪͨƺֱ۷弶ǿУҲ˳ѳȥڣһʽͨŸոտʼ׼ȻͱԷϣ
ڼ˳ұֻۣΪƺǿСǣƺԼȴʮԼұۣһʽͨĸұ۱ϣͨȶϣԼҲûκܵ(δ1408.Դ߸
ƺڻˣ޷ѵˡұ۱ϣʲô顣ǣһʽͨϣȴҪ
ƺ֮ǰҶڸ˳ǵıʡ
һǿ޷ǿߣ⳿Ͼס
ζʲôҶʮ
ңǶ诣ҲӦа취ʵô
һԵǿߣҶֻ֪诡ڼ诵òϢͥ͸ҶɡԣҲҶΨһ֪ģǱܵĴڡ
ΪأҲǼ诵˵ɽذĴڣҪΪһЩֵ䡣ǣ˵诵ĵȷȷ޷λǿߵʵ
ҸǿǿһȥǸǻ
ٵرչ֮ǰҶɴһ˳ǡ
̫ūʹڡע֮ء
ԭҶɵĴʮּ򵥡ߵģʹߡڳģͽͻԼɡϾˮ׼Щū£ҶҲѾû˶ô
ڡ
ڳ⣬ǻһӡһһģӳɨӶ
ȣҶֻɨ
λǿʮĻ϶ͻɱʱսߡǰԭƻȥʱȥ᳿ϵū¡иϡ
ǣ̽˺üΣȻϢҶɾ֪Ǹشڣһˡ
ǣҶɾ͸Ӵ󵨵ģʼǡͷųƵźţҪشڳһᡣ
ǣ޹ƵźţҲûõκλ
ѵǸشѾ뿪˳ǣ
Ҳûܣû˭涨شھҪڳסһӡ
ȻһֿԡǾǣǸشڹǿǿ󵽣ҶɸҲǿ󵽣ͲмڸҶ
ҶµõǸνشڣʵһˡǸνشڡܿԼܼ

ڣҶɻ̤˳ǵءȻģԼϢǼǵȴڣҲֻΪֻһССģɼڡ
Ĵߡ̶ǧʱ䣬⳿ϡǲԻ
Ҷ΢΢Цţǣ裬һɳǡȥͺһЯµɼǿߣʮѰ
һ·ûʲôǿŮĹѪ¼ûʲôǿ˵ļһȥԴһͰ
ⲻʲôϵãǰҶɵһһĲѯĵȷȷ֣ǱϣǰȫԴȫǾ󲿷ִڶ㽵ĵط
ԵʣҶҲὫϢ˵͵ĳ̶ȡ⻹ǹȥǸǣҶɾͻᷴһĻò
ڣһϣһѵõԴ֮УҶɾҪһѰڣ𵽴ߣ
ɣҲΪ˲ңҪ
ΪԶǵɳ֮йһ죬ҹˣǭҶɵϣϸ
ӢڣҵӢۣҿɲҪ㳤У
ǺǣҲȫΪ㡣ҶЦţ˳˳һͷںĳλشڣӲǽһǸⷬģҺ֪λشڵʲô
ģŵͷգ˫ÿ۾
йɳǣԼȥֻһѰŮӣûй֮
ϣڿջЪϢͺεģԼͷ˳
뵱꣬ΪԼҶǰʩչԼŻһġ˵ʵڵģʱҶɣ䲻ϱ𡣱صĸҶɣʱ˵һο̹ĵļ䡣
ڣҶѾǿ˹Ҷɵǰ͸ҪԼֻע⣬Լ޵·ߵĻݲݶԵˣҲ㹻ˡ
ӭű˫ÿ۾ҶɺǺЦƭѵΪҲһԭ򣿡
Ҳգգ۾ҲλشڣǺƽߡòǿû˸ǵĳ̶ȣԣѡ˿ǣ˸Դ
Ҫô򵥣ǾͺˡҾܷĵģ˶ﰲҵңǿɲһкӹ
Ҷ֪Ĳ²⣬ǶԵġֻǲ²еġҪĳɡѡ(δ1409.Ľݹ(һ
ϣй¡
ʱеĽѵõϾʱУõЧĻ⡣˳Ϧ飬ζԲԡΨһźǣûλشڣҲûдԴУҵκرģıš
ҲֻΪλǿߵ
ޱȵľηҲܹһ;ԾһҶҲֻܽԴֵԭ򣬹ڴˡ
ԴãȴҲ˾޴սһûλشڵıӻϵǿǣ֪ܲӦ
ȻϲĻǣĲˣδΣա
ϾνشڣδûһӴڳϡ
˼뿪ʱڳʲôأҶʼ磬ǺЦҲֲģǵı䲻ʵ
ʵ޷ı䡣ΨһģֻΪЩҪūǣԤһЩֶΡҶɲֹ鱡֮ˣδòЩūˣҲʲôܡ
ǰĽݹĹߣǸĽΪԼı棬ȻԼԶǧ֮ڴӣ˵
иȴҲͬз硣δǸǻҲ˵ҶɺǺЦţ۹⿴øԶ
ΣǴιѡǧ顣رǹĽݹĽݼҵķչʷعġ
ʱҶѾ֪Լʮ˲ûꡣĽԼЩ֣ΪԼҽһԱȡڣҶɵ塢塢ɣа仧ȶ
ڳǻûбⷬģʱЩ塢塢ɡΪĽݹȹ̣˺͡ǵңԶɳ֮УҲΪ˵ȻΪĽݹǣĹ֧֮ȴҶɶЩ塢塢ɣ
Ҫ˵û˱ԹҲȻܡֻǡܿ쳿ǾͱˡЩҪЩʲôҲѾòܡ
ЩʷԼִš⼸Ҷɺͱ˲١̡ȻܽϸģΪ֪ϸڣһһǶѾµΪҶɽʮ˲ռ֮󡣺Щū˳硣ˣʱ佥ãһЩū¡˼ô
ˣҶνĻشʱЩʵɣ˼ǣ㲻ͷĽ͸죿
Ľ͸һеĸԴ֮ڡҶѶȫ޵֮Ϊ˷򸾡ңһ˼ͬôǿߣսȡ
ӬͷСʤ֮δ֮Ҳδúó
ҶɵⷬӦϵǰҶǿơνĻش𣬱һȻ

ΪĽݹ߶ڵĴӣԭӡǣΪĽݹĽɴǧĴӣ͸ΪĽݱӡ
ȻѾҶɵ⡣ǣִ֮ʱ̲סһˣĽݼĲ
ҶɾͺûĲƵã֮ͣ˺ܳʱ䡣
ȣΪҶڵţЩūǣԶˡǣãڲһ˿
ôشڵˣ
ܲ͸Ҷ˼ĴڣûκԤΪ֤ݣȴ׼ȷģ𰸡
ǵġҶɵ˵ͷɫƽӦǼȻһ֪ԭʮյڿճ̶ȣټϺü
ɻ
͵أȻӱʶ֮УԾȻҶɲûϸͣǣıȴʶˣЩڵδ³
дڣ˵ҲûĸڣܹҶɵĻ
ҶվĽݱӺӱʱЩūǣоǿһ֪ˣ˵ĻЩūǵķӦҲԲͬԶ
Ľ͸Ϊ׵ǿǣȻԸعҶ¡ǾǴŻŽνĽݹˣҶɷĴ㡣
ԭǻЩҶɡϾҶǵĻūԼ
ǣоͷ֣ԼҲȫ޷ɽ⣡
ټϣλ˭ûشڣ⳿ϣһûսûɱԴˣҲãԼõҶɵв
ڣЩҶɡΪūԼΪԵʡ
ϾҶɴһͳ֮أǺεȵ磬Ǻεȵƻֺ꣡
ڣһȣƿǵİٷ֮һȽϣĽݹֱǵ֮أֵһᣡ
Щڣռ˾󲿷֡ǣΪԴ⣬ԶĽһǿټϣڲҲķ磬ӦĽ븶Ұķ棬βɺ
ֻǵҲͰˡֻҪҶɻһǿ϶ͻ֮ķ磬۵ҶɵĴ֮¡
ֻϧڵЩͬԴϵγɣдڶս֮£ԵΪС
˻ˣҪ˷ҪͷĽǸô죿
ǿ󵽣λ˵еش࿹ĳ̶
һƬԴӲĸһ˼
棬ҪŴѪȡǣڵĳϣѪ
ٳ٣ûūǰˣǿǶ˼ŸԵδ
һʱʱ䣬һЩΪᶨū£ӵܣǰУҴҸ˹
̬Ѳ⡭ܶʱ򣬲Ϊͼı졣ǣʲôԭ򣬸óֵȴκʴȡ
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һΣֻ˵ߵıһΣǻд
̲ס˸ЩԥڿǣǲǸùȥ
ǣߵͷĸϻȴ˪ЦôˣװŪ䣬ҪͶˣ㲻Ҫˣǳǣ
ȻͷƬƬƣǣȴһúǿǿأ
жǿĽЦЩ۷弶ڣٳҰλӺܴļ¡ôģֲûпǧʱ䣬Ѳɣܹ¡Ტۣ
뿪ʱҶɻֻһľ磬Խ¼ǵȴڽֶѡ̶ǧʱ䣬չҶɶδܹɱĳ¼档￴ҶܳΪǰĴڣѾʮš
˭֪λ¡һһʼ޷֮Ტ۵ĴڡһǿڣȻ֮ʱĪľķˡۿǸǿߣ᲻ģλشڲľη֮ġ
ͬʱҲޱȼģ֮ġ(δ1410.Լ;񣨵ڶ
Ľû鵽Ҷɵ֮
ȻǣʱҶɵľ绹͡ʱţڱӹµ֮ţҲʲôϡ顣
οҲã̶ǧʱ䣬Ҷܹﵽ¡̶ֳȣֱǲܡһ˵Ҷﵽˮ׼һٸһǧ¡ҪΣ
ԣȻͷơǣ컹ǰˡ
ֻǣĽǸ죬Ƕûϵᷢʲô顭

ʵҶڵԶ׷ǣ;ǣһʯһվĵȴ
ȵߣЩ궯
еҪӱԹĪ˵
еҪӴսֻԻա
ǣٿҶ֮󣬾Ҳûһ˿ڡ˶Ҷ󣬾վţһȺĬĵ
Ҳ˲٣ûҶɵĺӵܡԭЩӵиɧǣڿˮ˫Ŀ΢ԵҶʱҲİΪһȺĬеһԱ
һ죬죬졭
ЩԶĸ·ǣΪĽ˵Ļʩչ˲ơټ϶ϼҴڵġԶͶߣʮʱ䣬űߵһǿڸϵĽݱӵʱҶ΢΢Цţ˫ۡ
һ˵ĻԼߣߣȥ
䣬ҶǩлԼǿߣȺġһɡ¾ЩûǰμӵǿǣҲһ⡣
˶ԻˣǻҶЩڣĽЩڣ˶ɻ֡
Ҫʲô
ҶʲôûֻתűȻһȺ˳šʱĵ·ȥ
ɻɻѾǿǣкģȥ
ЩûǰǿǡҲЩľսϽټӵܣټ°ڣҴҸʱټһĽݹླǿʮȥ˰˳ɣʱտ
Ľɫࡣ
úúáҶɣƣ
ֱڣĽԾɿԾɵ͹ҶɵϾûᵽҶɵжô
Ǹ죬ԼһЩڡͲĸԸİݷҶɽ£ЩľףҪǳǵشʣģҶɵǱʣģվҶɵĶȥ
˵
ߣǼĿռλ֮񣬾Ȼûһ¶档Щõǿߣѡǻþʲô
һݸߵǿߣɭⷬúЩǿߵ͡һʱ䣬ƺãԼľȷľ
ǣʱ䲢ûйȥá
һǿߣܹʮϢģҶҪ߹·֮ԡ
оŸݸǿ˵ģҶɵĿռλ֮
ֻأ£ãɵŸǿߣҲѾﵽнסȻûҶɵİǣǧǵľԾٶȣҲ㻺
׼ȷ˵Ƿڳ⣬Ǹеţ
ǣҶɵĿ⣬ȴûзǾŸϡҶɵĿ⣬ֱֻߣǸȥֻòЩ㣬㲻ˣ㲻ϾŮϡ
ҵĿ飿ûҲûжûֱӿڣҶֻѯʡ
ŮȻһЦĴ𰸣һЦ֮С
˱֮⣬Ҳû˭ע⵽ϸڡҶ̽ѰĿ⣬ŮϽͣɲǵʱѡŮ޵ȻһЦҲֻ˲伴ţߵֻأҲûв
ʵֻҲܿͻᱻҶɽľٶ𾪡ΪȻ֣ԼҶɿռλ֮ϵȻʧ
ֻظе𾪵ǡ
ռλ֮ԼһԶ
ĪԼĪģ˵һûͷûβĻֻôҲһͷˮģ۵Сۣԡ
ôϢʱ䣬µһ˿ڡ
ˣǼһֱһض˿ԽǣǴض棡
Ҷ۽ǵ⣬ŮɨȻ΢΢ЦǰŰɣһҪ
ûɣû˷ԡܿ죬ǿ߶µˣһض졣Ȼģ·ǶҶ֮ŻԼԼǶҪҶɡ
ǣҲû˭ȥ죬ҶɵҪȥЩʲôǸû˭֣λվֻߵģòŮޣѾһȥѾĵģҶɵߡ(δ1412.һеƣУĸ
ǰҶ˵ԷôƣԷѾúܾ档ھ浽ŵĳ̶ȡ
ڡ
㻹֪ЩʲôһΣԷЩء
֪Ĳ١ҶָָԼԴҲ㣬Ѿһ˿⣡
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Էģһ
⣡Լӵл籾Դûвһ˿⣡
ⲻΪ⼫ѲΪҪ⣬͵ðٴαɣһ֪޾Ļ֮ķգ
Է֪жôԲףһһ˿⣬ǿߴεȾ޴棡
޶Ǵ޵еý顣һ⣬ֻһ˿ҲܼߣתĿ֮ѹ֣ѹܿҵƣ
ʱ˿̣ԷѾֻǲţѾʼҶɣѾʼɣԼֻظ磬ǲĲҶɡ
˵˵֪٣ֻصܣ
Ǿܵ͵ıҲܴԷʻУôһ˿ǿôһ˿
ǣܿ졭
ֻزֹһ
һش𣬾Է״סˡ˺ܳʱ䣬źݺݵ˦˦Դ
Ϲµİɣ
Ǻǣһ³ÿһСֻһֻء
ԷЩԿζʣҶȴЦ⡣
һΣԷˡһΣԷٴʣҶɾ˵
һ³Ҳǧ֮ǰڸЩʱ򣬲֪һ㣬Բԣ
Էãһֶ˵
һ³㲼ôһ֣ʵĺôֻˣԲԣ
ԷãԶԣ
Էһ飬Ҷ֪Լ¶ˣȻҲɱǿߣǡҼɱɱԷӣΪ磬ٵһǣôûʲô⣿
Ĭһ󡭡
ʥУսΪۻУΪۻУ涼ۻһЩۻʲô
ӲҶɵʣɵȥƱ磬ҲҪӲ
˵Է˵Ĳûе
Ҷû֮СҶ˵֮Уȴο֮ȱôԷӲҲֻ޿κε̾һ
ǣƫƫҶ֮УƫƫҶб¿֮ȱ֮壡
ÿһ壬۸߹󣬻Ǳ΢ǿ󣬻ÿһ壬Լڵ塣Էӣڵ壬
һһ䷴ʣʱ䣬ԷǿйǿӲô˲߽⡣ɵãʧǵ˵
˵ЩʲôҲҲҲ
㶮ġҶɵžİ⾳֪Ҳں˵֪˵Щʲô
ֻ㻹ûʶڵ壬ҪֵĶʵҲԿó͵ָЩýܰˡ
Էӣ߻Ĵڡôѵ޷ܣ˵Ҳǹ㣬ֻǲ뿴ȫʵ֮󣬻Զ޷ĥӰ
Ҳ֪ΪҶ˵ĺеΪҶǾİ⾳ڲЧֻ˲Ϣʱ䣬Էƽ
˵ûܹǵĻţҴڵ塣ܹҵǵĻţҴڵ壡
һĴڣĺģһô޹ڡֶôǿ϶ĥӰΪһӰҲע
ͣһԷʵôҴڵģѵһ˿Եʣ
Ӧ֪ûжٹϵҶɵȻЦͨ⣬ҪǷĴڡڿ壬ֻջĻͻԵʮֳ
֪ˡ͵أԷ㳹ˣο˵֮ȱ
ڣֵҶɳԾˣ飬㻹ӹҵһһ
ô죿Ǳѩ޵ϣ֮ڣԷ޺˵㲻һֲڵϮȻ㲻˵óľˮ׼ǵĳУԱǼһǿ󣡡
ʱҶССһ¡⻹һνΪȷ֪ѩ顢Էĵˣǿʲô̶ȡҲһνΪʶνġ֮Լжô
⣬ΪһԻЩƫ⡣ٺ޺޵˵һ֮Է˻
Ҳ˵㿴ҵʱͽеƣȫˣ
ô򵥡
ҶģЦ(δ1413.һеƣ£
˭ҶЦܴЦ֮УǼıóѣظζԷϾǱҶɻҪǿٵĴڣҶЦУܿ׹
ԭֻƣҲһơԷʮ־ɥҡҡͷѡ㣬ʧ󣡡
һԷһͷ
ҶɣûԴҩɡ
ҪϿɣҪչʾ㹻ʵҪԼĴϿɣչʾĳ֣ԳԽλǿڵʵ
һ̣ͨǿҶڵõԷȫϿɡ
˵ĶԻģҲ˹ɣ֮й˺üµʱ䣬ʵѰԷӵ֮ȱ
ǰԷǿĴڣ֮ȱôҵģˣЩֶΣҲһ㡣
ԷεҡҡͷһǿĴڡȥЩζҪ֪ڴҲУŻΪֿѵĻᡣԼʧ󣬺ܾܿҪ֣֮
ԭƻˡ
Էһ֣һƬɽƺͱģǣֻҶܹ΢оһ㣬ȴʲôû
Էӣﲼʲô
λ𣿡Էʡ
ȻҶɵʡǣȴЩƵģˣ˵СƢ
Էڵ顣㲻ģֻ۾ҲܿԷơ
һЦǰԷߣֹ˼䡭
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ԷУ˲ϲĹâҫȻЩ֣һӣ֪˲Ƶʲôطȥ
ӡҶɾɵˡ쳣㣬Ҳ㲻ףʲô顣
á
ˣŮ˵˼¡һǣʵʵоһ󷨵Ĳɡ
ոձԷĨȥģһ֮֮ܳΪνġԴڡһ󷨡
Ҫ֪ϣôĴڡûķӣǲ֪ж١ô֮䡣ôûгͻôûжԹôṵ֣̂
ͺñĽˣǾ̰ǾҪ¶˳ǿдƸҶ֮͹
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Щ󷨣гͷЩΪѱĴڡЩ󷨣ĸıĳЩڵ뷨Դʵһ֧
ȻһʦǣҶɻûһ󷨡˵󷨹㲼һ֮ϣǿиıһò
þ󲿷ǿڵ۾ҶʣԼûΨǿΨ⾳ΨдﵽԷļп
һ˿Ϊ֮ǣһ֮󣬾Ȼ󷨵ĺŦ
ŦʣҲͻ֮ʡ
ԭԷǴŦͷų˷ɱϢһЩ˲֪ǿǣȻıʣͻݻָ顣
һЩ飬ԷҪҶǰչʾģҪҶѧϰĶ
ĽЩھ֮ˣãȻ֪ԼЩ˵ͱԷ£ԼЩ˵ıҽ֣ͻҶɴȥ֣ԷҪҶ⾳ѶϢ
ҶŸոֲõĴڣܿͿһ㡣ԣЩߣҲԶ֣ɵȥ
Ľ˵ıҽ֣ΪҶɶ׼ϵıҽ֣Ϊֻض׼
ȻŴ͸ϵ⾳
ɢ֮УҶɸоһ֣ʶϢ
ǴռǿǣҲǺҵġǹͬоĴԽ֮ҲȷųɹĿԣ
еϢҪôɱһһʱɱ֮Է֮֮۳һͨϵķţ
ȻЩͻһֻءȻЩеһֵ⾳ҵֻء
ʱԷͻԳ֣ЩֻûֻصʱֻҪֻزҵĿռλ֮ܺͰͻͽ
˵ֻرҵķչǱһϡ档ϾÿһֻضпܣȫˣķϢ
ǣҶɻӵһ˿⡣ǣҶ֮СĻֻءʵϣѩ顢Էβ͸⣬Ҳؽֻأ
˵ԷҲͦ۹ġ֪˵ЩʲôȻǸģ
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ȻɢҲͻᵼ󷨸Ȼɢǿ϶ǲˣΪûһ󷨰޴ԴҲؽڡ
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ڿʼˣĽݹܿͻ᲻ڣ
˵ĽһҶɵǿߣҲǸʵס٣ռõԴȴЩѡҶɵǿǶöࡣˣǵľΪҲձҪߵöࡣ
ǣҶȴʮ
û󷨸ţԷԤڵаӣҲһѿһ޾ķ񣡡
Щаӣо󲿷Ӧǲʮֶ񶾵ģҪԸӣЩҲǿ󣡡
Ȼźüľ룬ǣҶǿޱȵȴǽЩߵ˸װס
ʵҶɵҪǣֻǾ֮͡ǣȻѾ˹֡һΪԼջľ֣ҶȻȥƻ˵ĺ⡣
ڣ֣ҪתֻǣԷԭƻתʮֿ졣
ĺôҲĻҶɿϸгʱ㡣ǣڻ֮ȴֻὫѿ˿úͿģܲס
ſţҶʱףʱͿ֪Уվϥ
ԷʼûлҶҲʲôԷԼĴڣҲκΣա
ڻ᲻ţҶɾ͸õġţ˭͵ϮԼԷ϶֣аӳ١
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һûصĿռ䣬ûʲôɽѣݺĳеģֻһϢŨɱ¾Ϣ
⾳Ȼ뵽ֿռҶʮֲ졣
ãʵڵĿռ䡣Լ붫ˣþΪʵ
ǣʵ벻ףΪʲôԼ
оϣӦûǴɽڡΪҵжϳĽݹƹ֮սǸλǸ룬չ
ɽҲӦûκ䣬ʲôҲӦòڣ
ǣΪʲôһãһؿռڣʶʲôҵı
Ҷ֮£ʵ١ǣȴûоԼȫüĿ飡
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ţҶɽûˣ۲ԶĽսĳǵĽֵǱңǼȥҶҲѾûκһ̽顣
֮ҪǰŹֿռ䣡
Է̸ҵģ¾νĿռ䡣֪ռʲôڡܲᣬŨɱ¾Ϣ
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һţҶɻһ߸ԼλȷŹֿռеλáҲûλȷԼɽеλá
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ܿܣ𰸾ɱ¾֮ŨĵطָȥǸطԷĿģ
ҶţԷẦԼҶɸԼʵ
Щɱ¾֮ݻʲôɱ¾ޣҲֻܶЩ𼶴ڲввõң
ҶɵľѾԽ𡣳Խʲô˵ҶɻûüԷѯҶɵıΪȴΪ۵ľ棬޷ԽӦԽԽŨɱ¾֮Ҳʮѡ
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ԽǿĴڣԽҪķšķţνġͨ
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ٶȣ͵Ȼ֪ŹֿռĴĿġͲҪٲΪӪģǰС
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ڣ˽Ļᡣǰһÿһ壬ͻᾫ׼Ӧһ㾳硣崮þһ졣¾ǰ׳նܲ²ֻҪܹýķ壬Ʋϵģηֲſ
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Щ𣬸ıǰռΨˣҲߵøԶ
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˵ҶɵĺֻܴҪõһ壬Ҫõķ壡
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ЩǺܾԺŮѯҶɵ֮ʱҶ˵һЩҶڵжϡڵԣΪһжڹŹ֣ҲԼһȷǣȴǼְжϣȥ
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ÿһεвͬÿһεĸޣԲͬųɣһټޡųɣҲͬμУ͵һΣ
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ʣֻǶδһԤǾ׼δһʵҶʮס
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׵ҶɣͺӲײһǽ޴ײ֮Ҷɶð𻨡
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ģ·͹ȥЩսеĶԺ䣬ûжٲͬ
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ܿ죬˵ø΢ˡ֮üҪʱҶһǰȥ
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ûϣûκ赲ҶùЦȻЦ֮С֮⣬޷ء

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ԴӳɹƵǰ֮󣬺·ͺࡣͺһ飬ֻҪնƳȱڣȻȻģֶϵ
Ҷɾģǰ֮նһȱڡҶ˳ȱ飬ͺðࡣ
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ھɱЩɱ¾֮Ҷɷ֣ԼͨȻٴνˡʮ񸫣׵ʮһͨܣһɣ
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ʵɱ¾֮е⾳һ沽е⾳ǿ󣡡
һ˿֮ҶɾͿԴͷβײͨһ飬ѧϰȫ⾳Щ⾳ɱ¾֮е⾳ȽϣҶԸоɱ¾֮е⾳ǿ
Ϊĵطǡ
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ŹֿռҶѾ˺ܳʱ䣬˺Զľ롣ҶԼĹ㣬ԼѾ߹ǧ·̣ԼѾȥ˽ӽʱ䡣
УҶʼնɱ¾ֵ֮ġܽӴǣһֱûз֣ɱ¾֮УȻܣ
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ʱ˿̵ҶɣȻõЩ⾳ŵĸε塣б°Щ⾳ε壬ôܳΪʷϵһƿŹֿռĴڣ
ʵϣɱ¾֮ޣɱ¾֮˱ɱ¾⾳ڸŵЩ⾳ѾԷԤˡԭԷֻǴҶɼʶһŹֿռ䡣ҶڽУÿһپܹһӦͨ
ʱ˿̣Ҷɻ֪ԼΪѾ󳬳ԷΪЩԷơɵõģʮָм
ҪлԷøлֻذռֱˡ
ҶɺǺЦ˼ϵļȥ

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ܼȥһʽͨǿʲô̶ȣ
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ÿһΣҶɶ²֮ȱ²ǿеȱ֮
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ҶЦţٶȣǰСһʱ䣬ķ֮һڶ
ڿҪˣһεķ֮
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Դӽ߹ŹֿռҶɵһ·֮УҲǿ֮
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ǣǰɱ¾֮ʱǽɱ¾֮ɢȥǽɱ¾֮û۳һҶ͹𣬳Ǳ߰ݵľ޴

ߣҶɵһߣѸ۳һǣһӵиЧǡ
ҶҲûָ𵽶ЧֻҪԵֵôһɲǵʱ䡣
һɲ֮󡭡(δ1421.ǿ壡У
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ڣҶһκǺЦ
ԭǧеĵԭһ֣ԭ
ʵϣ֮ͬУķԭҲԲͬҶܹѧԭķԭڲܹͬϡ
رڣһ֪ţļԦһҴԽɴִ֪ԽʲôطȥʱҶɸ̵ʶΪѧԭǣΪ淨򡱵ĶʵκһַԭҪ棬ء
Ҳ֪ţĵôˡһҲ䣬˵ʮ˲
ֱˣȴҲˣţӵвǵսڿһǣţȴûܼʱһεս
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˭Ưţʦĸôͣ㡣ʦĸʦϽٴζλٴγȥ
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ϣҲɲϵͳʲôźأðɣԺ㸺ϵأ
ţߺߵĽУһ㲿Զһ̨
ҪҶ϶Ծĵɴ۾ΪķֲϹУ˿˿ϢǻӵĶҶڣɵɵķֲ塣
ǣţ˵ŲʲôءɻģǺö
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ʵ壬⴩͸ȥҪǰⷨ桭繥˵ķ챦£󲿷ֵˣھȥ
Ҷɲ֪ǣţǵ߲ռͻͽȥţģȻҲɳܿ죬ǣԶﲻˮ׼ǣǵ߲ռռôŧѪԼûüɺŧѪ֮һξ˵ͻͽ
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ʱ˿̣ҶΪڽ˷֮⣬Ӷһţĵ䡣գ޹ȻҶҲͲ֪ţڵǿʲô̶ȡ˼·ǰķ֮ϡ
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Ȼǣܷ֮֮Ҫ͵سϣҶɾͻûκνҴڡ
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Ҷɲ֪üǰԷͱѾҶѾǹŹֿռ䣬ԷűûҶɷ֡
ܿ죬һµʱȥˡ̲סģʵСɵ׽ʲôطҿԭվţȥ˱ĵط
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Ҷܸ˵ЩһẦ۸ңֻǵģʲô飬Ӱҵľ
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ӵУԷҪľ磬ܽӴһ塣֪ԷôԵͽ׾磬һģ
ոջصҶɣﲻڿԼľ硣ͬģĥǲʲô©áµõԷѹûнӴһ壡
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ֻһ壬Ȼͻôǿ󣿡꣬Էһ֮ɵþĪС֮ϣ׻жٲ㾳磿ʲôΪǸˣֻľΪ
֮ϣֻ֪һ磬ǾԴڵľ磬Դ㡣Ƿˣ˭֪ﵽһ㡣ֻ֪ǰǿߣԴһλǿڣҲûܽӴһ壡
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¶û취ȥ𣿡Ǿȵʵ
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֪Ϊʲôռ磬ΪԴԷʡ
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̶̼µʱ䣬ʲôԷڴˣΪԴ𣬶Եý겻ĸ·ǿǣҲܰյһߡԣ˵Էõʲôǣ¹󡭡
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ڣҶɣѾ˸Ѫ«ǡҶɣȴֻ岻ϲԽԽ

ôһȻͱҶʮҡҡͷԼҪͷɱ¾֮ޣԼ͵ˡ
ڣͬʱĵȷȷһ˿Ȼʱ˿̣Ҷɻ֪ԼľӦγƺǡȴʶԼǿôһ㡣
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ȻȻԷָܽоԴǣȻôõʱ䣬ȴû˭˵˭˭˭ȽӽνġԴеĽӽоʵνġ뻹ԶԶ
ΣҶᣬоԼĳⳤζε˵壬ǣҶ֪Լһαǿˣ֪ڵԼѾﵽ־磡
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ѾҵĶ㻹Ҫȥûţ
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У׼һεĳ
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Ҷ֪Լ⿴Ƽһһˣʵ档Ȼ뵽ӣǣԼںܳܳһʱ棬ûΪʲôԼܹһ㣬Էȴһ㣬ѩҲһ㣡
һգһڵҶɣѹͲõһա
ڵܷգΣȻԻֻҪ֮ЧҲһ
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СѵͲܽȥ䣬ΣԼԷĲ
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ԷЩĵζ档Ҳ֪ΪʧȥСģȴѡΪѵ˵ĹŹ֣ŪЩѡ
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Ųɵζˣͷ·һһ㣬ԷӦܾܿͻһնȥ
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˵ԱľΪôӾ֮ĳ̶ȣѾ˵ˡԼе£ǻ֮
ȥǸľΪȻܿ졣ǣֱڣԾֻǸССڶѡ
ǣ֣ΪԷٳٲش𣬶ԽԽѹȴܹӰ쵽Լ
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ܹʶ⾳ԴĲĴڡܹŹ֣Ϊʲô⾳ǿ
ȱشԷԹԵģ˵ȥ
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ԷЩΪⷴУһ˿죬ȴֱ͡ԼʶԼˣҲܿܵòκλش𡭡

ƾԷô󵨲²⣬ܲµõڸղţȻյҶɵ
ԷҲǲӵҲǲοǣߣǲ֪ڱʳҸ˶ףǾ仰ʱҶþ͸ȡϵ
ⲢҶΪֻ֮˵ǣɾʱ򣬸ȡϵҶɱҪ𱨸ƽû룬ȴײʱ
ԣҶ˳ƾʹ˸ƣԷ˵˽ŹֿռķҪȡ۸İЩĲϽʶҪߵһǰҲһûſá
ٺ١ƭ㣬ܲ˼ֻҪܽӴһ壬õ˺ôҲ㣡
Ҷɴӱ֪ԷŹֿռ䣬ǿ֮Ҷɾ͸ȷѩԷҲûܽӴһ塣
ԭֻ÷֮ѹþһ˿ɶٻϲ֪ʱ䣬һ˿ɶתɾߣ
أ֮ԻνᣬҪһ֮Ҹ򵽵ɱ¾⾳ĵȷȷֻҽһΡĽ뷽۵õķ񶼻ȫͲ֪һ֣
ҶԼֵģŹֿռر©ɹȡϵ֮Ҳ֮õˣԷڸ۵Ľ֮
ǿ۶֮ûʲô⡣ǡѾ֮䣬سʮεҶɣȴѾĸˡŹֿռΪʲôˡŹ֡
Ȼһûд֮ǣҸұ֤ʵ֮ϢϢءǣԷ֮ȴȱ֮⾳ԷͲֵ֪⴫˸ȱݵķųȥ
ϾԴǿ˵һռ䡣
ϾԷ˵ֻһ޷ȫŵĴڡ
Է۵ӦòẦҡǰ֮֮ʱ۾Ӧóûˡƿ֪ܲҵǰ֮еʲôطȥ
ʵϣͨħļ䣬Ҷ֪Լǰ֮ش֮ȥпܣԼǰ֮֮ˣءֻǣΪøǿԲŽڣԼתһΡ
ҵǰ֮ŷۡôҲͲתͼıԶҲӦҳ֮ĸҽùϵ
ҵۻʲôıơԷǹŷۣôҲȥԷơ©ΪһֶΣԺ˵ɣ
ܿ죬Ҷɾ͸ۻһһ׼׵ѶϢһѶϢһ͹ȥģǷӦΰԼһⷨš
ѡ֣֮ԻѡۣûѡԷεԭ
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Σڴ棬ǺǿʱˮҶҲа취Ӧԡѩ顢ԷλȻԼڹԼôĲǣϾཻӦ÷һС
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һУҶԼ֮⣬Ҳû˭֪ǱҲͬףΪʲôҶɻԼȥҷۡ
ܿ죬۾ͽ뵽ŹֵĿռֻԲ鿴һͰҶ˵ģֱɱ¾֮Ũĵط˲ƶȥ
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ǣȴ˲ˣǸ˲ơѩ顢ԷܹһĻôǿ϶ᾪȵķ֣Ȼ˲ƴ˹ŹֿռĹŹֱ仯ǣЩ仯ȴûӰ쵽۵ļ˲ƣ
Դǿϸ۲죬ͻַᷢ۵˲·ʮر𡣹߳˵˲֮ʱѡȡֱߡΪĳԭѡ·ǣΪ˱֤ٶȣ·̶Ҳ̫ס
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죬ӦŹôһ˵ĹŹֿռ·˲ơҲӦʲôĿġ
ǣЩŹֿռϤ̶ȣԶԶѩ顢ԷĴҿһĻҲܿó·ô
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ÿһǰҶɾԼľסÿһθǷ֮׺ݶײҶɾȵĽףʵȻ˵ÿһεȶ󡣵ǣֻҪʱ㹻һ죬϶ܿԼɹߵĿĵأ
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ҶĬĬţĬĬȴǷ۵Ϣ֮Իѡ˲ƣѡô˲·ΪҶɸоԼϢҶⴴţֻǣҶɶ֪ⷨŵ׻Լ֣֮ǻԼðճһεľ޴
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ԣΪҶɿ϶ˡԽǰ塣þͻԽҡ
֪λֻһطꡣҶɹˣһͻӦٴ̤֮·ʱ˿̣Ѿϣһ档ҲѾ¶˾ģ㲻ȥκηգҲҪһһ塣
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ĬĬžһʱ䣬ʶҶɵ뿪ȥʶ뿪ȥҲͳʧȥҶɵټʩΪΣҲҼҶɵڡ
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һ˵ţǿԼһʶϵҶɵϡ롭
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ǰٶȣԽԽΪԽǰȥǷ֮ǿɱͨٶȾԽǿ
ȡҶɼп񸫣Լǿǰ̤
ܿ죬ƴġڿ֮ǰٴ۳µĿ񸫣Ҳû취߳ȥһ
ǣڼ֣ǰߣûκαļ
ʱһű˵ɫ쳱ģԽԽ˷ܵɫ
СӣȻû
⻰˵ģҶˣ϶Ҫݺݵİһۡǣڷ˵ȴһֱܳ嶯һʶģ佱ҶɵģĻ
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ѾˣԶԶԼ֮ȴû
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˷֮࣬Ҳɵֲ졣ͷβģҶʩչֶΣԼװסǣΪʲôҶȴᳬԼ㣬ȴֵܼڣ
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ڲ廨ƵģʩչЩͨе⾳ȫЩܹͨﵽʲôЧôҵ۾
ϸǰҶ֣ʼն벻׸Եɡʵ֪˵ˣҶԼҲ벻Ϊʲô
ȣҶǲȷʵֵĿռ©
ͬԴĵ⾳֮ͨУȥԻ󡱵ķ̺֮ŵ֮⡣Ҳĵȷȷ˳ʤЧ
ǿЩҶɲŴˣ۸еԾȥ
ǣ˺ܳһ·֮ͽ֣ռ©ˣ𽥵ģԼҲҲ
ٳһ·֮Ǿķ֣Ƿ֮УҲʲôΪͬꡢͬ壬Ӧ任⾳ǱˣģֻǿģѪɱ¾֮⣡
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ϣȻ󡭡
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ν˾˾ɾһֱླЩ磬׷ǳϡ
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ԣڵ죬Ҷɵ˽ֻԼĬĬȥҶɵΪ˼룬ȴóȻȥ鿴Ҷɵ䡣Ҷɵߣ򲻵ѡ

˼ûеóһ׼ȷǱߣҶһվ
Ҫһγ𣿾Ȼô죡
Ӹղϥһεվǰ󲻹ʱ䡣ôʱ䣬Ͳ˳һϵķǱǿߣ϶šǣվҶɣЩԲ׼ˡ
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ΪҶпٴ漣һԻóɹʱȴȵĿҶɳȥȻԶһ󷨡
ӿٶȣ뷨һ󷨣΢΢˵ͷǣʱ䲻ˣô
ÿһ󷨣൱һǧʮеһܹһǧʮ󷨣԰Ҷɷġĥеջ̻ķţҶɵȷԻøӼʵԸаյȥһϡ
Ҷɻµʱ䣬šҶɿ϶ܹɹǣǰ֮ȴܽܽˣ첢ΪҶɿԽٴ漣
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뵱֮꣬ͥѡ˲šҲͬʱ෨󡢱Ĺãνİ֮ڣ͵ڱңңڡѡ˲ŵı⣬ҲͲˡ
ʦһнпܣ
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ܿ죬תˡҶɺٺЦʦʱɲҪһͶȡɡ
Ҫ͸Ͽܰ澳ԴˣҲ鷳켱Ļ˻֣Ѿˣûż
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度ˣǶôǿĴڣҲ⡣ҶɺٺЦʦ˼ңҲӦû˼άһ¶
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Ȼ󣬾ͨһҶصǴԴ߲Բ̨֮ϣ
ЩԲ̨첼õġ˭ȥ˭ȥͷèèģֱ߲Բ̨羰Ҳûκ⡣
ǰǣèèģܹܵԲ̨ϵľ޴ѹ
ϾҶɻûĴﵽԴ߲㾳硣ԣһȥû취ֵ߲㾳ѹ˸࡭
ҶԭļƻǣȥײһϡȻ󣬽һϵʱ󷨡ȷ˭ûＤʱ󷨡ǣһؾϵɣȴǳ֮֡ԼԼܣֻֽ
Ҫôǳɹʱ󷨡Ҷɺ׵ģôѴѵʱ䡣
ҪôǰһǧʮϣΪǽʱתȻըʱҶɾͿԽһǧʮֲıը֮ͳһؾϣ
ǰһֽôʲôԼڰ衣ʱ䷨Ҷɾӵ˴Ѵѵʱ䡣̶ȣԿһɳ졣
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˵ǰҶͶȡɣֻһʱ֮ơҪʵǵԲ̨㼶ԽԽߣⷨӾԽԽвͨǣӡȴһݡҪôȥҪһɳˣ
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ҲģҶɻ᲻Լͽܣʡġ
ȻҶɺߺģԲ̨֮֮ڿԼǿ
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ոǿҶɣſϿϴΪ֪ԼһͶȡɣȷͶ̫˵㡣
ⷨһɳ죬Ҳʱ䷨ɹһǧʮϷ׷ԱΪ
ЩԲ̨飬ȴĥһǿĺûᡣЩԲ̨ѡ˲ŵãǸǿЩʸǰʵǵǿǣʶʵ֮ѣ
ԽǿĴڣԽпӵǿǿֻǿĴڣøǿ
ġǿ󡱶ָ֣ѾǸǿߵʵǰܵ򵥴ȷһ¼ҹ˵ߣпܶùǿƵġǿ󡱶ָ֣ľ˼
Ѱ£ǿᱻġǿ󡱶ֵ˼ԻԼľǻΪԼĺǿˡֱһ죬ֻԼԼԼȫĳڡ
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ҶΪ⡣ҪıġǿԻԼľôţҲֻܱһġڣһסԼģսдģ֮
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ԣҶǰ˼Ԥ롣
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һΣͻʱ䡣ΪŬվǻ˽һµʱ䣡
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ԴȥЩȫͬȥЩ磬ңʲôǿߣпܸԾһԽؾ硣ԴȴֻܰͰʵ
ҽԴ󣬾ûǺܿ졣ѪԳһӸ˴Դ㵽⾳ЩУҲûиܵʲôáǣǡáûвҵľ̫ͣʱо
ȻһԲ̨ȿԿǿǵų̶ȣͬʱЩǳʶֻһûʵͨԼδԤ֪
ûʦҶҿٳ嵽Դ߲㣬ҸȣʵҲһоѹ
ѹԲ̨ռԸߵĶͷֶͷԲ̨һá쳣Ҫģã
Ҷɲ֪жǿܹʱʵԲ̨Ŀ顣֪жǿ߲һĵǣȷţֻҪһǿߣ˵ڼ㣬һӵһ쳣δ
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Ҷһʴӱǿ˵춨ƻҶɰͰȥôͻɱҶŵĹ۲ԣǰҶ©ͬԴԭһʮϣǵûгͷҶɣԸ²ͷҲҪҶǽ
ǡȴֲһζķݡһŰҶߵһԲ̨һֳĴ裬һ̵ĳͷ
˲һµʱ䣬Ȼʱȥ˲١ʮֵã
λƵվʱһ˿Ц⣬ȴεġʼչҶɵǡ

գҶûڰ̤ϴԴڰ˲Բ̨
Ȼ˵ӵ߲㵽ڰ˲֮䣬һٰʮϡǣΪӦԲ̨ϵľ޴ѹΪܹԲ̨ж磬Ҷȴȥ˳µʱ䡣
ټϣһŵġ㲦֮ҶҲˣʲôСֶΡڣѾϿ˵ģһ©ĲҶҲûʹá
ƾԼĸ򣬴ƾԼǰ޵֮ʱҶɲ಻٣ôһʮŵϡ
úúãͽܣ
ҶŲûΪһɥԼͽԽԽ⡣
ͽܣһ߽кóޣһĬĬ롣
ڵ£Ѿ޷ֻﵽˮ׼Ȼ󵷹ĳ澳ԴڣҲѾڸԪʱ䣡
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ܹʶԼƿԼı֡ڱͬʱܹı֣
ԴǿߣԲͬ棬ԲͬʱˣԴеʤ춼֪ĿǣƾЩε廨ţжһͬص㣬Ǿǡ֮֮⣡
ԷΪ֪֮УѩŻ߻֮ͬʱ˻ҲŻΪҶ֮жѣǲŻʶʶпܾţŻҶɶ֮еĲ
Ϊ֪֮⣬޷λʦȻ뿴䣬ȴòĿ䡣ȻԶԼȴΪ
ԣڿҶṩһ˿֮󣬷ǿŰʦƵģһλԸðһķգҲҪְҶɡ
ֻǣЩڣ֪Сġ
ҶҲ֪һ㣬ǣȴһţʦһԽǿԽǾϲǿʦ
ҶصԴ߲Բ̨֮ϣںϢ֮ǲϵģҶɵʶ
ԽǿԴڣԽǻо֮ĳͻǻ֣ᷢҪ׷ӽԴôҪԼĽӽҲǣ⡣
ǣ࣬ȴֻԼϵĽӽڻڣһ壬һȫķ壡
˵ǽΪȷǿ󡣵ǣԣôǽ
Щ󵨵ǿߣ˷塣ǣҴûпǣٴν±壡
ҶĬĬţ֪ΪʲôȻ˵Щǣϸţ˵ÿһ֡
ÿһֵļֵ޷ÿһֶţĸᡣ
ûκͣٵģ˵ȥ
о˲֪ٸԪҷ׹ԭԽǿԴڣԽԴӷ塣νġԴͺһεĴ֡ԽǿԽǻǿֹĽ
в㼶ʮ˲Դǿ߶ܸоﵽпܴνġԴǣҪﵽȴҪԶɷķաѡ񣬰ǰ
渵Ҷ֪ߵȼԴڵءûм˵ԴǿǣѡģǣҶɵĴ׾ܲ²
ѡðգԶûܻѡ˷ѡ٣Ƕ٣ɵ׷߾硣Ϊһڣ辶ﵽԴ۷壬ﵽһ֣ľ硭ҵʦ죬ЩĴ֮һ
ҶĬĬţĬĬţ֪ܿͻΪʲôʮͻأĽ顣
ȻϸһЩ֮˵
һϣͲҪȥˡȻ㻹аʱãϣ㴿Լȥ
΢˶٣ҪԼŵԸҶɡǣû뵽һֱԼ̻Ҷɣȴʱ˿ڣ
ʦö˵ʲôˣף
Ҷ΢΢ЦţһԾʹԲ̨֮(δ1441.뿪ڶ
ˣ
΢ЦսԼǰҶɣһĲ˼顣ŵԣҰ¡ѾľôҲ֪
氵ֹʱҶɺǺЦٱһЩδĺôȻҵһʦû̹ʲôٱʱһףһǾ˵ġ
ûİҶһۣ飬СӴϹɰ
ǣתһ룬ֲĴϹɡпܣҶɶ֮е⣬ָһ㡣
첻Ը鿴Ҷɵ䣬ԣҲͲȥ²ҶɵǲϹˡ˵ͷŵԸҶɡ
Ҳ˵Ѿӵһʵǻ᣿
ҶɵУڷ⡣ʮʵǻǶôѵáһλᣬԼԻߣ
Լϵ߲𣿡߷ʡ
ʦ˼ҲôɡҶɿŵĴһȻ󣬾ͿٱЦٺ˵֪ʦƭˡҪ˵Ǹŵԣ
С̫ѹһѹ㣬֪Լʧж󣬲а~~~
һ֣ϳϳеϷ֮⣬һšҶֿ˼ΪҪ֮ǰѹѹԼɵáЦҶɱЩͷɥ
ӣֵ첻ˡ
Сӣſ㵱Ҳ֪ʲô⣿
Ҷɲûڹһ󣬴⵽ڣûаɥ¡컹ĻΪҶǱԼˣҶĿڣ֪СڸˡԼĽѵҲвȥ
ͽ̫ʦҪץͽ̫ʦҲͬΡһ̣һ̵һ顣بŲĵ
ҿԸ㣬üһЩ޶ҲٸҶȦˣ˵ﵽԴʮ㡣ңɹõĴǿϿɺ󣬲㶯λᣡ
УҶɺʹľʹӦôĻᡣԭû̫˷ѡ
оǡ
Ҷɲɵáϰԡ
ʱ˵ȥĸоȻ֣ҶɾȻѾӰԼ
ȻֻǸͶӰСࡣǣҵҲױӰ찡
ʱ䣬ͷ֣ȻԼѾܸ߿ԼͽˡǣƺԼûȫ֣Լͽܵж

˻ҶɽȾоһʱٳȥҶµٶĻرΪʦʱӦϿʱҲӦ̫ġ
ڽȴһԺ󣬷ڷ֣Ҷɶˡ
𣿡
Ҷվһ̣۾ͺ˼Ѫһ͵ÿ
ΪʵϵĴĲٿߣѾ̫̫ʱ䣬ûѪڹˡһ֣ȥҶɲսĳ嶯
ǣ۲ܳùȥܿҶɵжڷ۶Ҷɲķݶϣһ档ֱҶɵǶʱͶϵҶ֮ϵ
ܳùȥҲܸҶɲսΪҪܵɱ¾֮ҪӦķ֮ڷ˵ʵǹǿ
˵ܿ죬۾Ȼ֣ҶɳԼЦЦ˵ϢȻʩʩȻģ뿪
ˣʮֲգգ۾
һǰĳôͣ͵ԼΪ϶ˡ
ǣһԺѾȫȫģǸطͣһʱԺȻ˼
ľ޴󷴲÷һʱЩûعȵҲϽ뿪ҴҵȥҶʸʱҶѾԷŮЦ̸˺һӡ
һУҶȻû˵ҶɵľΪҲֻԴѡ
ֹҶɼڰ˲Բ̨Ҷɴ˽⡣Ȼ첻˵ǣҶҲܲ³ܿԼڰ˲Բ̨ĹУ췢ʲôȵĶߡ
ԣҶɽȾһʱ䣬ºʵ뿪ʱһֺʵûɣˣԷֻܸоҶԼµľϢ
ֻҲѾԷеԾˡżʱ䣬ҶɾͿ׷Լ
ǣԷȴ֪ԼҶɵʱעһеķۣȴ¶һ˼顭(δ1442.طʮ˲ϣ
ǸŹֿռ䣬ںδԽ롣ԷŽ⡣
ʱ˿̣֪ҶɶǹŹֿռ˽⣬ԼöࡣھԼְ𣬰ȸѩԼõĲ裬Ҷϸ⡣
Ҷòģ΢Цššֳܱʲô״ܰԼ˵ȥ
ʱߡ
Լһʱ䣬Էˡʼ磬˵ֻ֪ô࣬ƣֻҪԴǿĴڣ֪ϢҶɣŹֿռĴڣҲҪ˵ȥȻ˵ٶǿͬʱ룬ụšǣ˭֪ȥǿ̫֮󣬻ᷢʲô飿
ȻԷûϸǣҶȴܲµóԷڵʲôڵģȥǿ̫ˣЩɱ¾̫֮󣬵澳Դֻǣµõ澳Դ֮֡ı£ô澳Դ
Է˵ˣϵҲǴˡЩԸԼȥǿǣԭҶҪǨ㵽ȥڣĽЩ.߶սһһɥûɥģҲѾûκ塣Ҷɲ֣øԼЩǿһӵϣҲᾡ
ҶɲһɱǿߣǣҪնɱĻʱҲѡԳ֣ǿȥԴľ硣ʵȴǴﵽԴ߲˼ָЩĻǣһһ䣬Ļᶼڡ
ͺܼˣ޷ˣҶ뿪Ľݹǿǵģ»صĽݹ˺ܶ꣬ǶϤҲԸ
ֻҪǵӿϴ
Ҷɲû˵뿪Щ飬ʵ˵Щյū£ڵʵ׷ǣҲһܲµõ
̫ǿˣ۷ϣҲǵָҷ𣡡
ԽǿǾԽû˼׷˵ʸ񡣲֪˻ʲôʱȥ
ǿ߶֪Ҷɵȥֻǳ顣˶ãиڽĵй󡣽ĳرչҶɣһٴγ֣ʽ뿪ʱ򡣿ǣ˶֪Էһ뿪ֻ֮⡪˶֪ʵνıչ֮УҲֻһߡҶɵķѡ
һὫ꣬ǣǵ֮ͨǾҪԼԼˡǣһԨԴ
ҶɸЩյū֮䣬󲿷ֶʲôĽ顣еľ󲿷ֻ֣ҶɿƹĳأֻҶѰҹĳֻҶЩʵûҪرȥģһԺ顣
ǣҶԸȻѡ˻صǣʹƵİЩյū¡ڣһ߷ڡֻҪ治𣬰䣬Щūµļ;Բ
ȥҶɾͲټǣָǡڳʱ棬Ƕû㹻ԱôǱ̭Ҳֵȥ
ҶɵıűȻ뿪뿪Щ׷ǣӲΪҶĹȡ
ҶҲ뿪˳ǣȻٴűЩϣδȥĵطǣԴӰ죬ڲܳʧԣҲûйȤ
ɣͻȥʮ˲
⼸ľҲúܿ졣߷Ȼӵɶ۷ľ硣ı壬Ѿ׵졣ֽٶȣ㲻ã֮Ϳڷ۵İ֮£ԴıԵ
⻹ǣҶһֱûг¡ҶɴʱԸ⣬ȫԽʱһ룬ࡣ
ǣҶȴʦһԸѾڿǣڷǰԼ֮󣬾ñתͷޣºʵ
⼸ӣҶҲǻ֪ҶʱıͨĳЩϸϢ²²˳
ټϣҶһҶɾԼ뷨
ˣ뿪ʱûţҶȥʲôйһʶһδʱؾһһ麻ʵԼĻ
ҶɿóЩżˡԼǹѸٵĽٶȣñе˾޴ѹǣһֲҶܿƵġܲΪ˱ǼԼٶȡԣ뷨ͻᾡ㱱
ھͽȥסֻҪֿϰæûʲô⡣
ҶɺǺЦţֻǣĿ⣬ȴܿԽ˱塣(δ1443.طʮ˲Уĸ
ԽԽˡۻԳΣڻɣǲֻԴľ磿
¡ҶɺǺһЦӹȥһ
ЩɻĽʶһɨ;ȵĵɴ۾ģ
ҲģҪǲţӵҶʼ磬Цݲޱȡ
Ҫ߲㣬Ҫ⣬һ㣬ʦҲ˵ǣҪУ˵ţڿǣӦʦģӦҶɡ
۵ʦǸ棬Ѿ˯״̬еԴڣһԴ߲ĴڡȥҶֻԴѡҲΪҶѾԼʦ
ˣ˵ӦúԥԼʦϾԼʦҶɸţ档ǣ֪ôģţȴҶɡ
ҶҲνŲţԼи飬Ǹ˷ۼĺô˵ȣԼǰ֮ѡ꣬ת㵱ȫˣһҲԻ˷۵Ķ顣
۲֪ԼصݣûͥǵڵԴǿ߷񡣷ҲǰԤϵԼʦѹ󣬵Լʦŵ֮󣬵׻жô˷ܡô
ȵǸʱ򣬷۲˽⵽ˣʵֵڣȻѾҶɡǣûʶҶǶôĿ󷽡
Ȼ㵽Ǹʱ򣬾һ۶֪ΪʲôҶɻԼһݴµõԼȻȻĽ͸ҶʹáԲҶˣǴɽȾصĻᡣҶڣҪһ顣
һӶȥ룬ԼõĻرѾǳˡԼ֪һĿռ䣬Լҿˣһͽ״ڣǿ߽״ڶδøҴļʶĻرڷۿԶԶԼȥļֵ
һеһУ۶֪ȥһеһСҶҲϸֻ΢Цת˿ȥ
֣ʮ˲ʲôͷʮ˲еʲôͷ
Уֻʮ˲еΪֵҶȥһ֮⡣ãҶӦ˽һЩ£뿪һνĴ棬ȥӹء
첢ûнͣкͷȻʦģͽһ⡣
⡪
ռĿ⣬ֱλνĴ֮һͥҼ׾ᰣ
Ȼû˵ĺףǣҶ֪Լǰ֮к󣬿ս»һܿԼҪᰣ
ռ֮ǰģλýͥʸλĳĴĴڵʶֻҪһ⣬ôҶɾͻһʵǾԲ̨Ļᡣ
⣬ͬûô˵ǣҶɵĴܹͬ³һЩߡ
ΪʲôҪһĴʵ൱Ĵڡ
Ĵ֮һҶɲţĴͬ㡣첻һƣҶѡһᰲԸԣ⿴ȥ赭дһҪ󣬺ܶͻȻԵҪʵ⡣
ҪҶɻλڵϿɣ͸ֵˡ
ҶֻҪһĵӺѡݣȻһὫһɵαҪλڵϿɣ˵ǺĵӺѡˣǺĵӣ洫ӣҲδܼλһ棬λڵϿˣ
Ȼһ⣬ҲűĿġ
ڵһ⣬ʮ˲е֮ˡ뿪ʱ컹һ䡣ҶɴҲ˻ôһ顣ϾҶڣʱʩչԴ߲ͨսһʮǵȴڳ֣Ҳ
ˣһἰ֮ʱҶаݣ˼һӡ˼Ľ۾ǣ⣬ۣԼָһͨ·
ΪˣҶʮֿ֪ʮ˲ܹṩȻá
ҶڴĿע֮£֯һ˼·˵ʮ˲ˣиס֮ǰһʮֽӽԴĲǿߡԣʮ˲Żôǿ󡣡
֮мڴеԴڣرĿռ䡣գʮ˲ͱ֪Ǹģ
ʮ˲еҲ֪ҾãӦø׵йء
ߣǻɱ׵Ĵڣڻɱʱдʮ˲
ߣǸ׿ȴ̳ĺӵǰо𡣡
Ҳʲôԭ򣬷֤ȷ֪ģ֪һǾǣʮǿǿ󵽣˲ɱǵȴڡõúã˲ɱҶûж⣡
˵һ仰ʱҶɵ˫
Ȼ˲ɱ֣˵ǼԴڡΪʮ˲ֲߡߣʵϣȴΪ˸ʵϢ֣ѵͲо󣬷ҧһڣ
Դڣһ࣬߳ȥֻصġѩ顢ԷġЩԴڣֻҪ˴棬ܸоĲͬ
գǶͬĴ𰸣ָ˷ۡǿΪҪ棬лʲôرĺô֮ܶѩ顢Էڣû˭֪λԴ߲ĴڡֻһԴĲķۡ
ԴĲ㣬Ȼѩ顢ԷҪǿЩԴǿߣȲҲܸѩ顢ԷᲢ۵ĴڡԣէȥȫЩԴڡ
ǣҪǸ
ҧһڣۺٺЦֻҪǲôо
ˡҶɵ˵ͷ
ȷˣ黹ʲô׵ģ
ЩԴĴڣΪо϶Ѿҵ˼ԣǲ˶ΣѡѡԹпܵķӦ
ǣǿԹۣ۸ǿԹֻۡԹЩ塣ֱ˵ģ۲ЩҪֲڵʮʮ˲ķ
ǷռˡЩԴڣҲǲ..ҡ
ڵҶ˵Сƣһ۾ܿȻһЦٺ˵ҪоˣָòΪ£ʹɱְɡ
Уôܣ
ǿҡһ£۹Ц(δ)
psһϣҿܲһ£ʱܻһ1444.طʮ˲£
ڷ۵İ£Ҷʮ˲Ĺһν뵽
ʵҶȫнȥǣЩ飬Щʵ˭֪
ɣôͽˣ
ϸͻʯͻȻҶɣܲ˼۾
˸ѰæҶɺǺЦţ˿ȥ
ڱչأﶼЩĿ˿ҶߵλȻһǰȥĽ㡣
Ȼδı棬ǣԸƢܺãܿŮͻˣȥһ˽
ϡϻãǵ㶫Ծϸͻʯʶ֮С
ŵϢõơڣ۵õֻʾڷ̫͵Դ˵ЩʾϢҲʮ󡪡ϸͻʯõģȴԼΣսɵϢ
ϸͻʯȷ۸ҶɡǺԥģͽеϢ
ԴԭڵľΪԴ֮
Դǿߣǿ񣬿ǾνԴԶҪӽԴҪ⡣ңҪ֮ƽ⣬ȫԴȥ
ϸͻʯҲͬʱ֪Լڵľ徳硣
ҲֻԴһ㡣ϡⱲӶ׷ˡʯ̸˿ҡͷ
𲽾ͱϸеĸҲûϸѸ١Ҫǣϸһɡⷽ棬Ȼơ
ûҶɵָ㣬ƻû̫ôϾǿۣ£n궼ıԵǣҶһİϸƾͻֵʮԡ
һģ㲻¡ϸЦţŻʯļ򣬸ʯЦ
ҶɺǺЦţ˵Ҳȷʵʲôûгλ֮ǰ޷뿪ġ

ʱϸͻʯסˡʶˣҶɼ뿪
ৡৡ
һһһһң˲ƵҶɵߡ
ιҶСӣǸӵǻǲֵܣ
ǵİɣ㲻ˣھҪ뿪棿
ϸͻʯһһģһʼ˵Ļ¡Ͷ߰㣬֪νˡΨһ׵ľǣѾľҪߡ㲻ܰ°ǻǲֵܣ
ֵܡǵȻֵܣ
ô꣬ԼǼӣԼů֮⡣ҲϸͻʯԼᵽů
̤·Ͼ顣
ĸͲˣҶҲ֪е˵ڼ¾Щִ׵ˣҲѾǵãҶϣҶһλ档
࡭
ǵˣū£Ҫ·ˡ
˵ģҶҲ᲻øֵֿܷǣһδԼҪߵ·ҶֻܺģһҪֿ
޲ɢ֮ϯ۵ʱҲѾܳˣܲһֱҡ
ϸͻʯҪ˵ЩʲôȴҶһ̧֣Ȼ˵ö˵ʲôҼȻѾͲı䡣ħȡͥǵԼҲˡӽǻָ
Ǳ߼ӦҶɾѾ⿪Լ˵ȥͥıˣǾòȥ˵㱾Щģ㱨ˣ
˵գҶɸ۴˸ѶϢһ
ǣȫˡ
ͥģɴ۾
Ǿмж·̣ͥûϸ㣬ֻǵãԼıϣ;Ǽʴ󴫵ݣǰҲķ˲ʮʱ䣬Ÿϵ˾ǾϽĵط
ֻ˺üʱ䣬ͥıڵõǾĳϣڿԽȥһ䡣
䶼Ǹ߸ϵĴڡǣǾͬν䣬ʵǾµඡΨһĺôڣлǾ˶ѡ
ɴ˿ɼôЩͥǱ˶ԼԽԽǿˣ϶Լ𡣿ǣôõȻ֮죿
ҶҲû뵽Լߵģͥ꣬Ȼôľ͵õѶϢĿ˿ͥȻ󣬺ǺЦϲܿܽԴ
˵ţһҲͥʶ
ħȣûϸʯǰֿҶɵΪҶɣΪҶɸǰ˸
صǣ򣬸ҴǸɣǣҲǳǵǿߡҲͱɣ
ħϵõҶɾȻһǾҪȥֻǣҶҪȥҪȥȥҶȥǾֻҪһ½紫ͷ󡣿ǣδҶʶµǾ
ڹȥֱһɵǾܹλжţģȻŲͬѰս
ǣħյҶɴϢ֮󣬾Ͷϸʯǰ㾪ϲԴǿãǶʱʮ㡣
˵
ʲô鷳ҹţһʱģ뿪ȥ
ϸͻʯӣԿЦӣһ񣬽ĸǿ߶˩סˡ
Ƕ֪ҶɲӲҪɷҶǲѸñС񵱽ڣɢ˴ҵעڳλҲĴڣҲͲ˭ƴƴҲҪҶɵߡ
飬һһϡ
ʱ飬ҶԤϡû뵽ʱȻѡˣֻ⣬ѡ˽Ļ֮壡
ҶҲûж˵ʲôʱԼѡԼӦѡֻǣʱҪɹһ㣬ҶҲǰĪʹԴ߲ҲҪ˭ɻ֮壬˭ɻ֮塣
ˣҶ˵ˣҲ̾ߣһûôţ档˵ΪоһϼǧꡣҶɺǺЦţһ˵ȣӵȥ֣ʱؾһ
ŮҶɵ˵ͷǶյҶΪһһģǿ桰ת֮Ҷоʱʱؾ¶ɺüκʵˡ
ʮǳҪǳǳҪҶɵģҪҶɵæֻһƿǾҪŬŬŬ
ϸͻʯȴ۾͵Ҳȥоо
˷ܵϸͻʯҶ֪Щʲô
ҶԼûܹоʲôͷֻԴ߽׵ϸԼֻԴһɵĻʯоʲô˵ʵڵģпܣǶû֮ԴǾͲòʧܶ飡
ǣҶûϵһ֡Ǹţʦ죬ҲȫûϵҶɴУȻı(δ)
psܹ13000+ðڼ䣬Ҳƴ1445.أϣһ
һ׵Ĺ֣Ҷɵǰ֡
ʮ˲κһϸ̽ȴû룬Ȼֵطʮ֪жľ޴֣ϸɵõһ
ǰһ˲֮ǰҾȹֽ֮ңǣȴûκһڣǰ޴֣
Ͳ˵ҶɡϸʯԴˣأЩոձѡģʱؾеǡǸոմﵽʥһľΪô룬ҲӦúϰ
ǣʥһ죬ҶΪԴ㣬ʵԴ߲Ĵڡûһǰ֣ߴء
Ƿ۵ָ㣬Ҿ͵ûѺܳʱ䣬пҵҶɳ߿չ˹֣һл⣬Ȼ󣬾ͳܿ˿
ħʱؾ
Ҷֵ˸طһط˲ͳ󷨡ȻҶֻʩչˣ൱ԴֶΡǣֶҲԵֵУκһĻϲߵĹ
ǼͰɡһȥ꣬þͲ˵ˡҶ΢Ц˵ǰҴڵķżԴһ֮
񣬺Ѿ൱ĪǵȴڣҲѾĮǵˮ׼ֻиҪĥһ¡з۰æͰϷλʦĵص㣬һڴеĳˣҶţܿ׷
ܶǿߣԼٶ̫ˡڣʦõָ֮ҶԽԽʶҪռ磬ͱû㲻ʲôռ磬ֻǵҪѩޣҲӦŶԡ
ԣҶԼԴ㵽߲⼸㾳磬˺ü顣ܵĸŮˣҲһҪƵĴûҶڣҲõʲôԴ⡣
һзԸϣҶɳϸͻʯʾһ¡һԾⲻ֪ǳĹֵȥ

ȻһƬʶĻɫϡ
䵽֮׺ĴһҶɷ֣ǿԼҲ޷ӵԶĵط
һط۵Ҷɵʶг֣²⣬Ƿֹĳʶ崳ǡ˭ȥңûзʲôʶĴڡ
ʶǱӴĴڣҶɾٵֻʣ˲ȱʶʱʶĴڡ
Сڣ緲ˣ޷ʱġԣߵһռĿꡱǣ޳ɽ𵤣ԽΪ壬Ըȫ
Ҷȳ̶ȣûκ壬Ҳһ˭Ҫͨĳ꣬͸ֱҶɵĵûʲô
򵥵˵Ҷˡĵ˾Բҽн꣬нҶɵĵûʲôǷճ̶ȼߵ顣
ǿҶȴڣˣ˻볤ھнô˿϶ѡݻ꣬ʣʶнҶɵʶ壡
һƬɵϣŷ۵ĽͣҶҲãһ򣬿£Ϊ˾нĳǿڵʶ壡
Ѿˣ㲻˵أ״ȥǸнĴΪ£Щ֮ˣ
Ҳô²⣬Ŀ飬֮Դ⣬ⲻ֪ڲڵʶ壬ԼСġ
΢΢˵ͷҶɴϸͻʯȥ
۵Դ̽ʮҶŷۣԣҶҲûж࿼ʲôɫﾰɫأҲûжȥϵ
ϸͻʯͲһˣ½磬ǲЩġ
ȣҶɲûЩ
Ϳ£ҲûоʲôΣաҲûʾΣգֻصһؽơԼݻޡ
ǣţҶɾ;Щˡ
ԽԽܣ
͵أҶͣ½ŲϸͻʯȴûҶͣһԾಽģǰȥ
Ҷɲû̽סǣĿɨӵģϸͻʯ˸ͨͨ͸͸
ѰȥҶɵһѰ£ҶҲϸͻʯڣоһ˿Ź֡ȻϸͻʯܣĿˡǣƺȴܹʲôôһ˿Ź֣
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ıʣǷҲû뵽ġ·Լ߹üʮΡԴڣǲ֪߹˶ٴΡǣûзֹ·ϣʲôֵĶ
ʱ䣬۾͵ģҶɿܻỳԼ
Ҷɣұ֤ҡ
㱣֤Ҷɿҡҡͷ㣡
ţ
ҶôĻش÷ۺЩԻҪ֪עҶɿʼһֱҶɸӡǡšȻôľͻشԼѲɣѾʲôߣ
ͺ˷۵˼ƵãҶɺٺЦҶܣôܿó
orz

ţҶɵɫˡ
ԭɫֻΪӰԭ򣬶Եù½롣ЩӰ֮񣬲ûʲô֮ǣҶϸͻʯߵһжˣ
ǻʡǣҶȴоԼ߽һ
Ȼתؿȥʱ·ûκ״
ӣֱо뿪Ҳûκϡ
תϸͻʯȥʯѾ֪ͣЩʲô顣ϸڼǰߣûκ谭
˭ֶΣ
Ҷɲɵþ
ȻǸ׵ֶΣڵҶɣԶԶס÷ۿԼʵʵĻٽʮ˲ûκ⡣
Դߡڰ˲Ĵڣ϶ҲûϷŪҶɵȻ˵ҶԾûʽͻƽԴڰ˲㡣ǣΪĸúܺʵԣԴ߲м䣬޵֡Դ˲ڣҲδܹӮ
ԴŲϵֶΣ
շ۵Ľܣ֮Դأкܳһ·ҪߡǣȻͿ˾˵ֶΡ˵һ·ϣŶǿֶΣ
ʦεʮ˲֮£ָĲֻ֮зֶ֮Σ
ȻҶɻǺʲôϸͻʯǡҶʮȷţ϶Χģ֮
ǿ״Ҳʵˮ׼Դ߲ǿߡûʶɫлйŹ֣ôֵܷˣ
ֵǣΪʲôϸͻʯȴܷ֣šǷˣǱǼ￴ˣǼٻ˹ȥ
ֱڡҶɻûвκΣաˣҲȥϸͻʯܿǵԵҪǿƻˣԼҪһӡ
ȻҶҲϸͻʯȥðաʵϣ֮ǰҶɾͰ˼ֶΡҶţǿ󡣷ΣϸͻʯҲܼʱ͵ȫĵطȥ
оԣǿȣܵסЩֶΡ
һ߽һƬһֱߵʯҶɰԲšԼжǿܿ죬͸ӷ
ȴĪ
Ҷɵһθоʱܿ۷˻ֻϵһ˿Ҷϣûܹ۲úס
һΣҶȲߵһƬʱ˳ʱ䣬ȥš֮Ŀֲ
Ҷɣ̫֮ǿ󣡡Ըһ۲ɵþ
ֻԴĲĴڣûԴУսԴĲڡҶɿûжΣյ֮ڷۿȴһɿɱԼ
ǺǣҾûʲôΣաҶ΢΢ЦţǰĻʯԼǰϸŬŬ죬ʵڶ⣬͹ҵˣڶ⣬ǼԴĲĴڣܴҡڵģȺöΣ
ǡ۾ãԼĶͷѾ亹
ȷʵûǣ˭Ҿȥģ۾ãԼ϶ΧúõĥһȻСƽԼԶԲֵģô˽ȥ
ûʲôõĵġվһҶڿһЩǺЦţȥ֣ϸ۲һ¡˲оΪǿߣ
΢΢һ㶣СģһȻֻһ˿ҶɽǣǿڣҶɲǿڿ϶ܹ˳һ˿׼ȷҵԼ
Դִƴۻûйָо֮ʱȻʮֿ¡ǣΪû취ѳԷҲܺ¡
ڣҶôͣʲôΣաҲֻСģ顭(δ1447.أ£
ҶɲȥۣݶϣҶҲѾʮֵصˡ
ʵֻ֮Ϊʱյı仯˲һѹָС
Ҷֱ˵ĸ߷ۣʵֻһŵĵصôۿ϶ͻһЩҶ˵ˣҲʧȥһΣѵ̽ᡣ
ֶΣӦԴŲϵĴڡҪʩչֶΣȴòôߵľ硣ԷԴĲˮ׼дĦһ
ͺһ˾ڣʩչһֻȥЩڵĴڣȻ͸Ƶáǣĸͽ״ڣðһգȥĺۼпܴεĵӶͻͽ
ᣬҶѾ˷ۡҲҪѰԼ
һŵͨҶɶѧϰһЩ֪ʶ˵ģʮĸоԼҪԴ˲㣬Ѿûκ⡣
ҶҪǰߣϸѾԶˡǣʯҲöһӰʯʲôҲĻʯ
оϣӦòʲôΣա棬Ǿ˵׼ˣ
˵ף֮ͨԴص·ϣڲǿޡЩ޶Ǳ͸֮Ӱ죬Իֲ˼
ڷ۵СЩ޺ܶ඼ǿڽдġȻӰ쵽ȴڵİȫǣڸո̤ԴĻʯ˵ȴв
б֮أͻ޳ûҸоմڣǣ˭֪᲻޸ڴ
ҶɰţĬĬͣ
ʱ䣬Լȥ˰ʱǰϸߵûӰˣʯһ˽ŲҶɵӼʯԾɴֿ״̬֮УԼǲ˸ʲô顣
ʯߣҶҲߡһǰһĬģͣȥ
һֱ˴Լǧ·ԶԶģҶɿϸıӰ
ϸҲվסˣҲڲʲô
ҶΪԼʯܿͻ׷ϸʱȻʯһ֮ͣ£ҶҲֻһͣ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾЩˡϾ˿оһ֮ͨ⣬ʲô⾳Ӵվڻʯôʱ䣬ʼնûףʯζͣ¡ʯڲЩʲô
УֵܶƷΪʲôûУһ·ķݶϡҲô˼˼ɡ
Ҷɲں֣дЩԹϢ˳ͨ˹ȥһ壬ôҶɶܹӦһЩһԹϢͻʯ󺣡
Ȼһʯ󺣣ҲһֿԡǾǿߣʵǹţˡѾţ浽ҶһϢȴʱЩ΢ˮ׼
ôͻһλԴʮĴڴɴȥ֮ͻǳĳԴʮ㣬ʮϵĴڣ
̫˵㡣ײʲôȼĴڣʮ˲УӦôǿԴǿߣ
󵨼裬㣬ҶɹõֶΡˣ֣ԼһϢʯ֮ƶΪϸʯ˵ģһڡ
Ҳ˵ϸͻʯĵʲôԤ¼ĸ򣬿λǿڣںܶǰԤ趨õġ
Ʋ⣬ͬ©˵ǸǿĴڣΪʲôҪڸ׵ʮ˲ֶΣϾԴɵͲĴڡ
˼⣬κ⣬ȷ𰸡
ϸһǰȥʯҲǰСͨܣܸ׵ģҶȫס㲻׵ģҶҲָܹͻơಽĸŻʯͣͣ£ҶɾͿʼƲ⣬ȷ𰸡
ѵǸǿʶλǿʹǿڣ
²⣬ܿͱҶɸ񶨵ˡֻǵĴ裬ֻΪøȥô䲼Ϊģѹֶ֮Σ
ֻߣǸ׵ʮ˲⣬ԡǺǣ²Ҳûٵ
֮УҶ˺ֿܶԡȷһаյĴ𰸡
˹ʺˣõһǿ챦
Ҳֻͣ˵Ϊʲôһ·֮ϣںܶǿơҲܹ˵Ϊʲôôǿܹ֮׸ӡ
ţҶɺǺЦ(δ1448.ڳϣ(ĸ
ʱ԰Ҫ鿴һ֡
УвУƽƽ֣Ȼһְ취
ǣҲ֡һܿܿջӹ۹⣬뷨
Ҷڲ³ȷǣǺЦȻʱԾС˼룬ѾԾˣӹ֮С
ĵĸϸͻʯͣͣһֱʮʱ䡣ڣع
ϲǵϣǵջ϶ʮ־ˡ
ɣǲһȥˣҪصʱؾúõĲһ
˵ջ񣬲ڶ̶ʮʱ棬ȫա˵ҶҲͲµ
ãҲȥ
ҶɵĻشϸʯԼһ˿עһеķʮ־ȡ
ͳȥŸոսϸʮֲ˵
ȥ֪ˣߡ
ϸͻʯɻ󣬸Ҷһ뿪ǳʱͽʱؾҶҲȥǣϸͻʯҲûмȥԼ顣֪ҶɵҪʲô
ͿһҶɾͿʼΧĹֲ
ʯľЩҶɵ󷨰ϸ΢һЩ԰°ɵģƲۡ򿴵װס
ڣסˣȻڲԶ
ҶɣѵҪڳָҶѾ󷨣ۼָڷҪǰ׷ų涼ᱻٵ
ãҷŵó𣿡Ҷ΢΢ЦţٶȲû˿
ǣǡ
ۼֱҪˡΪҶǰ̽ܣʱãԼƺȽͣԼжҲͬȽͣʲô侲ʲôۻ𣬾͸Ӳȥ̸
ǡ˺ü۷֣ҲȷôԼԴĲľΪټִû°֮ųҶɾ͸С
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Ȼ޷֮ųҲûκô۳˵Թһռ䶼ŲҵĶȥǣȴƲ
¡㻹ʮ˲̵ɡҶɹЦһ󷨡ҲЦУȫɹ
ۺܺ˺죬Ȼ󣬳˵Ȱ㻹Ǳ׷ˣ˵·ֱӡǹ֮ĵطܲԾķţ
ڰΪʦ֮ǰԾ֣ҶžԵرǣҶ𽥷֣Լǰ֮ƺ𼶴ڣǳԽĴʱǿԾõǿ
ڣҶȥ궯֪˵˵˱ֲ֮֮Ҷɷܹ侲ܹ̤̤ʵʵģһһչȥ
ҲΪʲôֹһؾ֮ǰûκʧãԼ˸ͽܡôǿĴڿҲֻӵǿĿпڱͬʱȲġԴڣ
ⷽ棬ѾҶɲ̫Զ̫ԶⷽĲ࣬ڱ˵ʵ໹Ҫöࡣ
ԣۿҶɶԼĻûκηӦʱΪԼ˵Ļ̼ΪԼԴʻӦøӷһЩ
Ҷɣҿȷĸ㣬ʦԴ߲ڡһʦѹпͻƵԴ˲㣡
֮⾳ҪԴ˲㡣Ϊ˵ʱλ棬˯еʦȻڣ֣ض˼䣡
ʦȻû˵ʲôǣܲµõ֮ʦֱӴġʦֱӴĶֵΣ㣬ٶѿࡣҾã㲻Ӧ˷ʱ䣡
һ˵Ҷʮ־ȵģ߿˹ΪԼⷬ˵ҶɣԼĿáǣµõҶֻʮֲ죬۾ȻЩܣͳͳ˵˳
˭ԼܣǷ֮䣬Ҳ¿ϲû
˵۸ҶɵĹϵԶϸʯҶɵĹϵ׽۾ȻΪԼ룬Ȼϧѵʦ֣ؽĻ˵Ҷʮֲ졣
˿ۣ޵ĶһЩֶͨΡȷ۵ȷʵʱҶɺǺЦţƾһ
ֺ⣬ˡǸ߲ٴǴŹֿռʱӦܹõϡ
˵ţҶɽ˹ȥ
ͰգҶǸողµ󷨣һһת(δ1449.ڳУ
ۺҲȰʲô˼ҶѾɻˣ߶߶ģʲô飿
ҶɣҪСġҪһռ䣬⵽ǿҷش
۵ľ棬ϸͻʯʱͽʲôЦԴĲڣƿߣشҶܲܶס
ʱϸͻʯʩչֶΡһͨԤŵҶյʱ̳־Ԯ
˵ŵʱҲͬ׼һĻԾɼ¡ȻҶɵȷȻԼһùҶɣǣҶҲܵסķ֮
ϾԼԶڿΣյʱ򣬶ʦı֮
һŵӣҶɺǺЦŸʲôֲҪǿһռ䣬ʲô⡣
ǣ㲼µЩ󷨡
ָָЩת󷨣Щ󷨣ɽתƿռλ棡
֣㿴ˡҶɺǺЦЩ󷨣ֻΪ˾ߣҿûƶһռ뷨
ߣ۵üͷ΢΢
֮ĵطڵصףڳȫòԴǿ
һƬ򣬳һ֮⣬һ޼ʵĴƽԭԡЩԣȫʧˡңۻʮļǵãǼһܵķ
һΣ۲ûгѡֲɵϣȻǰҶɵĲã´ҶɵĿġǣҶһͣȻЩ׹
Ųƿռλȥھأ뷨Ǻ⡣һҲʮѣҺǣҪһ֮Ҫԣһ˿˿͸֮ʱָô
΢΢üͷĹۿѾжϴ˺üΣڣ˵Ϊ࿴Ϊá
ſš۾ΪԼңȻֱӽһڳ
ת˲һʱ䣬ڿ˶ߡ
Щ󷨾صٶȺҡصƣǽԶһ
ԶԶھȥȻƽҲʧΪһӣǡҪάϵھҪ̫̫
ʮ˲涼Ǽʵޱȡ罹͡ǵ𡣶ɾء
Ƿ˺ܴھߡֻҪиھͻֺϻգڰ׸ɡ
ԣڵԽԽҪķȥά֡ҶҪڵúڵλ֮󣬻ҪΪƽоһҪķѵ͸Ӿˣ
ֻǼھ󷨱ȡѾ㹻ǣҪﵽҪĿģҪӴЩԶ󷨿ṩҲһ˿֧֣
ܿ죬۾Ͳһƴ󹤳̣ҪҲûжʲôֻ˫΢΢һȦһŨܵͺȻ˫֮֡
Ҷɣȥã
Դ֮ҶЩȵĿһŻԼɹŨ
ϸʯֻһѡǣҶɿҪҪŵģǴ״̬ɫ֮ҶɿǱԴ֮ǰıԴ֮
ģûдݻκһռλ棬ҵ˽˴ۺǺЦţʾҶɷʹá
Ҫ֪ıԴ֮ȫ֧һʮռλ棡
ΪƿߣֻҪΥʦһЩⷨ򣬷ۿΪΪû˵Դ£ҶɾҪΪǿаһʮռλĴڣ͸Լ

һ󷨣ض롣ٶȵĻֻ輸ʱ䡣ǣΪҶɿжԣȥʱʱ䣬ھԤλá
ҲûдߴҶɣѾףҶɵΪ;ļ㡣Ȼѡھ򣬿϶ʲôرĿġ
Ҳȥ²ԭ򣬲£֣Լ²Ĵ𰸣ǰѾ֤ȫǴ𰸣
һ󷨣̽ǹ֮״ƽеĵطʱ͸ҶɵһͻΪСϸͻʯҲѾףһҪҪǣһʧ֮һɹľǿ
ԭŰıԴ֮
ôıԴ֧֮ţھȥӦûκɡ
ϸͻʯŵʱ򣬾ڷҲΪҶɼıھʱǺȻ֣Ҷɵھ󷨣Ȼ򲻱ģֱģھȥ(δ1450.ڳ£
£Ҫʲô
ۼЩմˡ
ѲɣҪӵײһĵײڽȥɣ
ҪǷھж۾ûʲô⡣ǣѾڵĿһضǿڣ
ѲɣĽƣԵײûз
Ѳɣֻ֮ܣϷɢ
Ȼǲܷ飡
ڣҶ𽥼ӿھٶȡڣǺܿͿ˴𰸡
ԲǧģһС½أȻҶɵһ󷨣
ⲻܣⲻܣ
۲˵ţĴԼ
۲ϸǻʯΪһطԼԳƹַΪһطĬĬĹ۲Դڣִйַ
ʧܣʧܣʧܣ
ܶǰ۾Ѿ˶ռ˵صĴ㡣
ܶǰЩԭҪռ˵صԴǣЭ飬ѡʽǽһߵ֮أǵʵĿģҪͨЩ֮ȥ׽֮Ϣ
Ǳ֪ÿһʮ˲Ĵڣٵģ֮Щ΢𶯡ˣǾáֻҪͣĹ۲ȥܷʲô
ǲѶΪ֮ľΪʦķ򣬲ԸԴڡ
ǼԴڣΪȷ۸벻ʲôõİ취
ԣһҶҪȥ֮۾ûԵöôҶȻҲҵռ֮
ΪҶɹȥоԣۻڵõҶ֮ϵһ˿ҶϣҶһػһط
ڣҪңԼˡΪ˲˼飡
ǵһνȥڻɫСҵһŹֲֶֿĵطҶɲŵһγھ򣬾Ȼı˳
⣡ԵĲ⣡
ڵøһЩΪʲôһ򣬰ôһ½ھ
ȥĽƷأȥġ֮ıŭأ
ȫɵˣȫͿˣһʱ䣬Ȼûз֡Ҷڳôһ֮󣬲ûмʱǿΧ鷽Բǧġڿеĵطһµ󷨡
֮󣡣
һΣʯˡЩʲô⾳󷨣ЩֻѰ֮
֮ǵ΢ʿֻҪѧӦԡ
žĲõ֮ҲԽԽӡǣʯ࣬ѾﵽԴĴڣȴܹȥͼ֪۶ôӵ֮ʵԭ͸ª֮һģһ
һģֻгнˮƽֻת·࣬ȫһ
ˣȻҶɲµ󷨣ԾԴֶΡһΣʯܿס
֮󣿣
ʯľ˷۵Ķ䡣ʶظ֣ȻһȵĴ
ȻҪһ򣿰ˣˡģⲻʲôһһǿ챦
Σ۱ϸʯǿҲӺʹϸͻʯΪҶôֱʵеȾȣ˷ܵʱ򡣷۵˼άȴѾ˺ü㣬ȷ𰸡
Ҷɲһ鷽Բǧأһǿ챦
ԭˣԭˣ
֪ȥô꣬ôγԣԼڣȫȫĴˣǸ͸˷
ھ򣬸ûд챦һ㣬Ǽ챦͸ʲô챦ھֻҪֱȥǼ챦ͲǼ챦ķ
ղһ˵ˣֱ˵ȥǼ챦ڽǼ챦أƳһʢǼ챦
ȻŻὫսԼĿռλ档ȻͿԶռǼ챦ʱصģǼ챦о֮
ܶ಻֮ȫˡֻǣΪҶɵĹŹжĲ֮࣬Լȥ̽һʱֵĲ֮գ
Ϊһǿ챦е飬ȫͨˡ
Ϊʲôܹôǿ֮ԭΪ֮֮󣬿ܳʲô䣬֮ǰĳط֮ӡ
ʵô鷳׾˹ʺˣһǿ챦ǿ֮ʱ챦ӡ˵˵ǣҲ˲Σˣ
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˵ˣ̫򵥣̫򵥡ڵķֻۣҪһ룬ͨ⡣
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챦ʱֻܶѡֻҪȥַҲͻᰲĴκ춯
ڣҶɼ仺ھ򣬻ԽԽԶԽԽΪûַ챦ôھڷ˵ǼӾǼĹǣǼ챦˵ֻһ΢͵ڣⶼ㲻ϡ
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Ҫ֪󲿷ʱ۶ܰй۲ҶɡΪƿߣҪϢ飬Ҳѡ
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ʼռ㲻ʲôƵİ취ǰ⣬ҶɾãԼֻðһ;
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ҪֱӳȥԣոͻƵķۣһıҶɵĽ֮ԾԾԵģҪһͷ
ҶкЦĿŷۣ΢΢˵ͷðɣȥԡ
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ڶǷײһ͸ǽϵײ֮
ȻǷʹ־ȵĽкк֮ԽԽԶԽԽԶȻֺȻһӣ
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һ۷ŷ֣ԼģֱվڵϡղǷ۾档
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۾ãԼԾʱ·ڴûȫתơǣ֪ôģԼȻײһ͸ǽڡ
۾ãԼײһ͸ǽڵʱԼǱݺݵķ˻ǣ֪ôģԼȻԽԽԶ뵽һŹֵʱȥ
۾ãԼһŹϢʱաǣ֪ôģûԼúÿһú÷һ£ЩŹϢĹŹ֮ʱԼȻͺö˶˵վ
ֶΣ߸е죿ҶɺǺЦ
ν족һֲ⡣˾˾ȵЩͼǿǣת򣬸֪ʵһƹߡԣ飬Щͽǿ߿νġ족
ڵˣڷ˵챦̲ŵ⾳ʵǹڸĪ˵㡣Щ⾳ݻֶΣù졣
ҶҲûа취ϸͣͺûиˣϸ͹Լھκ顣Ҫǿнͣ˵䲻ĻǾǶţ١
ǡֻЦǺǵʾôһ䣬Ҷɾּо
Ȼ챦ΪڡֱʡٶôҲ˵㹻İգԽ߸ɱ
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ԭӦһɱ֮Ĵڡ˵ǷۣңҲӦõס־ɱ󷨵ɱ
۵ԴǿߣγһֱﵱûΣյ򣬿ǣҶȴݳǶôֲһط
ԽΣյĵط˵Խǻл֡çײķ̽ΪΣգ
鿴վŵλãλŵľ޴գҶҲͬʱţܿԲõֶΡ
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У˷ΨһһԴĲڡԴǿ߾ΪҲûжô
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ͷһΣҶɾԼȫˣԼֱжϣƺҲûκá
Ҫ֪ȻһԲ̨ʱҶɶǼưٳǹͶȡ̫һɳ죬ֱӳԴ߲㡣
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ʱ䣬ôһŶȥûٷκçײȥκ顣һʱ䣬ôȥ֮ڿҶһ¶˵΢Ц
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۸ӲˣǣҶҲټʲôֻһȥǸǷָҶҪȥķǸ֮ķ
ҶɽǱȥıӰ۸ӾȵŴ͡һʣǣ룬ȴֻ΢΢ҡҡͷ߼ȥ(δ1457.·ܣУڶ
ܿ죬Ҷɺͷ۾߳Ƭ򡣷˵һɽҶǰ֡
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ɽɽϵĽơ뺣Ľơһƣһ޴ѹŵģ֮
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ȥЩϻڶνķ˵ЩǺԵ顣
ǣĬĬվҶûв˵ʱ˿̣һʵѧڰʦĽ̻塣
Ȼûв´ʦָԼ˵һЩԼܹĶ

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Ȼܹ֮͸Ϊʲô͹ЩƣǱ챦ıڣ
Ȼ֮͸Ϊ챦ıڣΪʲôҪɢڣɢʮ˲ȥ
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Щ⣬ȥֻЩͨ⡣رʼĵһ⣬ǰȺ̽ԴǿǣͶȺ˴𰸡
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ʱҲãȷ𰸡Ѿ֪Щơһǿ챦ڲǣûȥġȷ𰸡кβ֮
ڣۻȻ˹飬ô򵥵⣬Ȼ棡
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۵ľȻһӳ뵽Դ㡣ԣʱȥЩ⣬Ҳʲôߡ
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ҲǾԴڵѡȽϣƺؽҪΣһЩ
̶ֲʮϸ΢ЩԴһĴڶֲ죬ȴھ͸νˡԣںҶѡһ·ߡֻһ˼Ҷ⣬һ߽Ҷɣͣǰȥ
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֪һ쳣ҶɲǴԼ׸磬ҶɾͻԼͣҪȥ
ǣû뵽ûͨһܼأҶɾȻľѲɣƾɽ棬ʲôǿΣմڣ
¿ȥʲôûпʶҲҲκΣϢЩԻˣ֪⵽ôһ顣
ǺǣҪҽ͡Ҷ΢΢ЦվҲһ꣬Ҳʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ӧܹס
΢ЦҶɣʶĵ˵ͷҲոյ˼ͷʱȻ֣ҶɾȻٿһӣͳڰ֮ĵطǸ΢ЦҶɣȻ
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ҶɿΪĹϵԡ챦Ȼѹ֮ǣȴַųһ֮֮͸ȥ֮ҲȻ챦ıڡΪǸĿģзԲŵ£֮ϵʮ˲ɢһ챦Ҳʼѹһ֮ȥ
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һ·ߵҶɶԽͨ챦·İգͶȻ󼸷֡Լջ֮Լܹ֮ȥͨô˵·ˣ뿪ⲿǿй챦ѹİǿշǲɵ顣
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ԭţٻΣΡû룬һΣȻ˳˳ˮģҵΨһȷ·
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ˣֻԴҶж
ִڣףƲִڣҲֻܰԸ֮̾治Сţܻڡ

ʮꡭû뵽ҾȻȥôʱ䣡
ֻоһˣֻҵ֮ȱ֮ҶõֻΪԼȻȥ˽ʱ䣡
뵱꣬ͨԼȥ˶೤ʱ䣿
뵱꣬ϸɾ壬Լȥ˶೤ʱ䣿
ҵȱֻ֮ǸոտʼҪ壬ֲ֪Ҫȥ೤ʱ䡭ǿ¶żˣȷѶϢȥ˵
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رǣȫʱؾҶһоͻȥ˽ʱ䡣ʱؾڣѾнʱŶȥ
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ħ챦סҶܹ²֮ĹϵʮءǣôҲܽһʵȫ²
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˵һǿǿĴڴҡʲôСүע⣬һ̵ˡ
ħȷء˭ҶɣҲûв³ʵⲻҪҪǺ顣
Ҷ簡û뿪棬ֻңǲ˵ͼ档ûһܵҵԣһٵ档ûһǧҲа˰ٰɡ
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ǣɵɱʵ̫֡ҶҲԷ˵ôһйʣԴڣרֻɱϲɱ쵰Ҷɿɲ룬Լһִ壬ɱӸˡҶҲΪйʣɱӣʲôԡ
֮ܶҷ֣ʲôǿ߸ʡԣҾ˸Դļһ룬Դʮ˲ļһɡҸǹ˶κӡǣջǱ˸ɵˡ
ǣҼˣѰߡġҾ˽ĳ嶯
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ֱʱҶɷŲʵǸ쵰ʲô磿
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ͥҶʦ΢ܹ֪ħ˵ûдֻдﵽԴʮĲǿߣܸӦͥĴڡ
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⣿ħҡҡͷ޷⡣ΪҶֻżȻ˵ǣȴĨӡ
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ħҲΪ顣ǻõĹϵΪԼ棬һֱԼ۴ʲô˵Լûͣĸ˵û
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Ҷɴźħ뿪ʱȻ֮䣬һɫĹâڲԶҫ
Ҷ磬űˣһɫâħЦ
ħıˣҶɳ˵챦ҪȽǿ챦һַҪôǽ챦ȫӡԼϢҪôҵ챦ĺ򣬽ԼϢӡ̽ȥ
ǰߵȫȫĿס챦ֻǿȷ챦ᱳԼֻҪ챦ȼﵽνġ漶챦ֶξˡ
ȻҶѾ֪Լģνġ漶챦ʵֻǼȽӽԴһ챦Ҫ챦ͳĵѪҲȫûгɹϣ
ڣԴ챦Ȼħû˵ĵȼǣҶȴܹ²ҵĵȼٴﵽԴʮ㣡
Ҷ磬Ȼ˱ˣǾ͹ȥɡѡ񳼷ҶɣħЦ顣
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ʱΪǿУʱȴΪԼ׾Ǻһִڡ
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˦˦ͷȥЩߵ飬Ҷɳ˵ѾˣҪô죿
Ҷ˵ˮ׼üǣкħǿķ롣ܿ죬Ҿ˷Ӧ
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һȥֻзԲʯ㲻߽ȥ֪ڵ϶ǬǬ磬ȼ챦˵ʵ̫׸
ʯģ濴ʲôر֮ҶЩĳħȥȴħѾԲ۾
ħʯͷܴ󣿡
ܴ󣬳󣡡ħŵӦҶ磬֪֪ΪʲôһСҡΪʯƶɡʯݴԴʮ˲ϴڵԴɡʯݴǴԴʮ˲ϴڵԴɣ
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˽һɽȾأңǸҶɲͬǲͬʱڲͬطԣҶҲﱣʲôֱ·ȥѰһԼ˵Ƨ֮ء
һνƧ֮أʵѩ鴴һα.档ͽԴǿߣϲֵطǲǻ᳢Žα..棬ӶԼľ
ֲͬ档ħҶɵļϣָһ·Ͼһ档͵Щǻ棬ѳ档֣Դǿ棬Ҳٿڵ棬ʱյıԵشѿü
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һҶɣѩȻЩͰˡǶȻλߵȻӦ˵ѩ㱾ãԼ⡰۸Ҷɵʱ䡣ƺ졣սϵļ󷴲úЩӦ
˲㡣ҶҲ
˲㡭
ѩԷǾһĽٶȣʵ̫˵㡣ǻ֪ӵ߲㣬׶ҶѾػʮΡ֪ܣǿ϶Ӿ
ѹ֣ץֱ͸ƵáѩЦҡҡͷȻɫ˵һζ㣬ǡǽúѻˡǻһЩղأϣ㡭
ЩԺ˵Ҷɰ˰֣ʵȷšǵĵ˾ֻһ
Ҷôһ׷ʣѩԷමȻһ
Ҷɣѵ㷢ʲô״ѩ鼱׷ʵ
Ҳûȫܷô״ҶҡҡͷСС͹ѩ顢Էֻǣ챦ǿܹƿءȥ£
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⻹ڣ߱Ҷɵ¡׷ѩ顢Է֮ĵطҲҷ
ʱѩԷҶɵ˼ˡɫһαʮѿ
ѵиǿĴڱ󵷹ѩ
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ѩ˵ͷԷ˵ĺеǣȴһ֤ݡûʮǿĴڱ֧֣ƾԴĲľΪôƿôǿ챦
ǰ޴ߣԴ챦ӽ߲ڡСߣԴ߲㣬ӽ˲챦ߣСʱݻҲ˵һ챦챦
ҶһĽͣѩԷŮӾ챦δšֻҶɵĽܸͣо챦ѵá
ûκˣ϶һǿĴڱ󵷹ֻǣΪʲôǸһﲻ֣ȷʵ˾úЩء
ѩԷҶ֪޷ṩʲôõϢˣһлǵÿԼڹȥҶɾַֻܳԼƲϡŹֵĿԡڣȴòȥ
Ϊһǿ󣬼ʶֶİ֣
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ҶɵĿ⣬ѩ顢ԷƿĿ֮һССģĻ״˲ƹ
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οҶɵ֮ܣ𽥾֮ʱҲʧȥԭеЧáպħĹ㣬ҶɽԴʮ㣬ͨͻ᳹ʧȥá
ԣѩԷоܹԼɲ֮εľѹ
ǣѩԷģ񼸽
ڣҶɼʱǵסˡֻΪ˺ħͻ᳹ɢħٺֱЦѩԷҡͷ
Ҷ֪ħΪʲôҡͷںħѩԷŮѾΪ˷һࡣ
һ࣬ûжǰԵһࡣ
һ࣬һҲֻǻԴʮڡ
һ࣬ҲԴһࡣ
һ࣬Ҫôѩ顢ԷȥĴƯҪôп۵ʦѡ棬ܹɴݻ飬򵽸Ӹľ硣
һ࣬ҶġȻԱԼǿĴڣҲ
Ҷɿ죬ǵûһˢŪԼֶּΡ
ҶɿûлĺħǵûбħֿɱԼεİŵǿԾͨħ趯켣βȥħɱ䡣
һڣֻҪûйѡԴʮ㣬ûκ⡣ħʮʱƣ֮䣬뽫ԽԽ󣬱Ҳ޷Ƚϵࡣ
ҶһĴڣħһЩ磬Ҷĸӡٱ磬ħոշֵġһȤĴڡ
ħѩԷٺֱЦҶɺ׾ͿˣǹЦеĵһ㺬塣Ҷٶ࿴һŷ֣ħЦ֮УȻһ㺬壡
ҪǳԷЦѵҶɵüͷ΢΢
ħҶɳʵ顣ǲһеֻظĹ
Ҷ磬ħЦιǸԷġ˵һףô죿
ԷҲħ˵ͱʮֲ԰ס
ǰǰֻôˣ
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ԷɫøɷסɫѾԷʱΡ
Сѻ֮һָˣǰԼȫҪɵҲû취
ѩŵˣ뵽µĿԡ
šԷʧ룬Σֻռ˭õǰȾȾ
Է͸ħˣͷֻ֪кħܹȵֻء
飬ͷҲûáħ৵һܿԷǼһȻǣֶοǺе˼Ҫɱ¾ͻԴǿǻļһҲ⣡
ħ֪ǴлҶɵǣҡԴǿҲˣҪǴҲҵҶɿ϶Ҫ쭡
ʱ䣬Էʹסˡõ飬ǣȻ˾޴
ҶüͷеСߣʵЩųȥӣЩǿߡ
ǵģǿӣרŸǿߡСӣɢʮһǵһοļһͲȫΪסһ˵ĲӣøԼְȫĺ·
ںħô뷨һܺ顣ǣҶȴһʮֶ񶾵飡
ѾٲˣҶɳʵ
Դʮ㡣ħӦ
ѾôǿˣҪԼ°ȫ·Ҷüͷ
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ڣҶ˹
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ֻطҪһѧϰ򣬴Ӷղͬ淨İյֻصƣ϶һǧ»۵ķֻǣΪֱʣȫʧЧһ֮䣬ֻɣƵľ档
ҶܹǸԴʮڵ뷨ô
һΪĳЩ棬ĳЩԴǿߵΪҪЮͺñȣҶɿ϶ҪƴĴһһǿĴڣҲΪͬԭ򣬶óȻ֡
һ棬ǸԴʮĴҲֲԼһԽԽǿԴǿ֮ͿǸǿĴа壡
Ӿѡеһĳɹ֮ƳǵȴڣôӾͿԽ˲Ļ⣡
֮УѾ̺챦֮СǸԴʮֻأóУ׾ڻ⣡
챦ֶΣʵԴСֻ⻹ԶĴֻ˵ͽԴȣǸԴʮֻأⷽȷʵҪöࡣ
ʱҶɣ΢һ㣬Լ֮ԴʮģûӵֶΣΪʲôԼ͵ĴڣȴѾɹӵУ
ⲻʲôҪ⡣ԣֻҶɵʶ˸һ£Ҳûг
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Ҫ⣬ȻӪֻءǸԼܶ꣬ԼСʱָԼԼԳɾ֮ʱƴԼֻأ
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Ҷ̽ѰĿ⣬ѩû취ֻôС͵רŽȡƳĳǿʹá
͵ĲҶѾ׹򵥵˵Ū壬Դ˵ûʲô˼ԣ黶ṩŪķķ񣬱˵Ҷͷһ˵߹طͥĺħҲͷһ˵
˶٣ѩݺݵƳһǱߵĹӣ͵ֵطȥ
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ħȴе㲻֪صĺٺЦӵǶܣŪ꣬о⣬һð
ҶûĺݺһºħԴϽ졣ѩԷŮȻкǡȴұֳ˿

黶Ǹα.֮Сѩָǰ治Զһɵţܵα.棬˵ɺüԴ߰˲Ĵڹͬݻɡȹ̶̳ȡȥα.Уһָˡ֯˵гԴǿ
Ǿ˵˵ġϢʲôôħܲĴѩĽܣطһԴʮһļһ֡Դʮ㣬˸ԴŲ㣬ʮĸԴ˲㣬ܼʮԴǿ߹ͬݻҪѾͷ˵ģҶ綼ԽȥɨˡҪôɣ֪ôģЩ֯Ⱥ߹ģᣡ
ѩһͣû˵ȥôһڣȷʵҲûʲôܿס۾

ʲôȡ꣬ȡżôû֣
ħ飬Դʮµʯٵļı黶ħĺ档ǣô黶ǿߵûз֮ص顣
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ԭҶα.ȥǣħ˵һʱҶûɵпһ£ʱͣ˽Ų
ħܷӳһĹҶϾʵ
ǿǿʮ˲ɣôˣħķʡ
ħ⻰δ䣬ѩԷʹȥ찡ʮ˲㡭
ʹȥŮҶҲҡҡͷ治ֺħһǿߣƾΪȷΪ˿ֻǵʣûжΣգҶҲûаǽѡ
ôٶٲֶΣŻ޷ӣҶɼѯʡ
ʮ㣬ٵģħʮֿ϶ĻشȻʵδȫָǣҪҵ۾ɲףôҶ磬㵣ǿ򣿲ܵģôƫƧĵطôǵǿĴڣ
ôƫƧĵطңǻ㣿
Ҷɸħͬ¿ȫҲһδξ׼ԤУӶһڲ֮ͬ·ںħ˵ôĴƺһ˼顣ǣҶ˵ȴһпܷ飡
Ѩ磬δٺúÿһûżѹûһǿ߼ż
ҶôһѣħʱЩȻϽһ¿췽򣬺ܿ죬Ƽż
ѵôǿļһִ֣ʱħԵЩҡ
һηӦħԶûҶɹսղţħֵģӵǿڵĿܡڣȴЩģԼ㲻ǵǿڡ𿴺ħڵʱԶҶҪǣЩ棬ȴԶҶɡ
ħֻǿɲС
ʱ˿̣ҶľһϴһҡͷʼħǱ˿һֻа˲ģ˽ߴʮġһģ˽һ˲֪õġЩԹ߿϶Ҫ۾
ħȴʵʵģҶɽѵܶԺ󣬵֪飬ޱȲ졪
ôǿжϣͻж֮ϡͺñڣҪçײȥѾˡ
ǣֻǵηǿͬСͺñ黶ԴʮһĴΣǵ飬ֲȥƣ¸ʲô
˵˵黶ֻǺܾǰһǿ챦ǰﱿ֪飬ǣǼ챦ȴʵʵģĳЩͼˡ˺£ǴʧԵ
һһĽ̵ʵҶɽһֿչʾ˺ħǰҲúħʶԼƺһ˲ļһ
Ҷ磬ҼȥҸЩһû˭һn԰ħЦ
ôΪǺûǻҶɵȻЦʡ
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ܷӳǿֶʱоϣЩƣЩ֮ͬߣöԴƵķֶΣ
ҶĿ˿һصʱܹõֶΣܹ¼ϸͳͳ¼ڵܹ׶٣ǾԺˡħİȻ־Ҷ˵ԼҪȱչһ׼ħͲסӣֱӳ黶Уһ
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ҶɵĿռλħҶɵ黶ڡ
ʵúħָ㣬ҶɵʶѾԽǳһΡ֮ϡ׼ȷ˵κһ˵صԴڣһۿ϶ͻᱻΡȥ
κһǵȻĿҪԭ֮һ˵ĵطǻŴƮƮķۺɫֻǿһۣҶɾ;ֹסӿһ嶯࿴ۣҶɾץƯŮޣڵһĳ嶯
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ҪЩۺǰһΪʲôᰴ಻סԼ黶ѰꣿħٺЦڿЩۺĸЩѲɣһ˵صĸ߽챦
ȲҪæ½ۡҶɳӦţԽһſǳֱ黶ȥ
սʱһЩʶҶǻһİԴڣα.ǿȻŨȤǣǿҶɶ˵ֱ黶ȥʱһʶ˻
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ЩǿĴڲôҶˣһǿĴڹġҶѡ˷ֱ黶ȥʱ黶ڵĸˣҲܿ췢İ͡
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ĴʶĺȻβǣȴҲõһԳȥӭӡ
ҶԽǳӽǱۺƵΡʱһŮɣʹǴ֮з˳
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ݺݺ࣬ϸԭԴкĶǣͬĸӭһʮŮɵһһ¶ȻҶһҡҷЩѵĸо
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ҶɷЩӭŮ޵⾳ǸǷۺеȻ⾳һޡ߽ӳ߸ѵ
Ҷ磬⾳Դʮ㶼пܱԻ󡣿ȷʵèأ
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磬ӢڣϵĻʵǾǧԴҲͬκ⡣
ʱ˿̣ҶȻĵ侲峺ǣʮƯŮɾķţҲЩ־
ڽڣҲһ˿ɶֵطѾֻˣֱҪ˵ȥ
Ϊ˽Ҷɸһ챦˵Դˮ׼챦ǺħŪġҶʸûС
ĸ˱׼ˮԼСʫѾ촽Ʈģ򵥽һ顣һԴ챦ȻֻԼһ꣡
ͨħҶѾ֪ټһ黶ǧѰ͡ЩѰͣѾʱ䣡
챦ȻԴڰĸǣҲû˭׻ȥ黶ǿȻֶΣڣ˾ɶ˽ʧȥ˽һ黶Ѿ׬ȡ˶Դ챦
Ҷʮ黶ǣ϶ǽһ챦ԼľΪȻֵͼֶΣΪҶмǣٸЧֶΣȴҶɸ̾ѡ
ҶһӦʮŮɵķۺ칥ƣһ˼һļƻʱȻһȲűȻ߿
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һɷȻϮɱʱҶɫ䣬Сʫٿ˲Ƶ֮⡣ȻǳϺ߼ģףһ黶Ĵ֮
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Ҷͻȥһƣǹɷһıը֮ҶɺŵСʫȻɵ˷һǽ֮ϡ
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tnndȻǸԴŲĻ쵰СʫﰲȫָҿҶɼģС
СʫҲЩˣ侲Ļ϶ϸĸҶɣﶼӣܿǼһͻᱻ黶ĸָƷǣͻأ飬ҲǵһټҶǼ֮Сһ˻ֵ̿⾳СʫʮֻҵģҶָһط
ȻһѰϢңħȻɴ۾ٺ٣黶ȻйŹְҶ磬ļıߣ
ԺħľΪ黶ѾģѰϰٴΡǣƾôңûҳκ״
黶һǿ챦ôٵģħӦ黶оһЩǿϢ
黶ĳһطʲôǿ챦ôԺħһʱģȷĿˡ
˵һ챦ʲôǬ֮УǾ͸鷳
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ڣƺʮ˳ɹϣ
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Ҷ֪ħѾȫϸµļϢҡ˵ְɣ٣ﲻʲôΣաСʫҪ֪Сʫоʲô⡣
ȻҶԤϵǰ㣬Сʫ˵ңҸʱ򣬺ܲӦҪǱִҾͻصȻͨǴûҵҲ£λǰǿ־ԣҲ
СʫͣɺôҲԴڡܹԴģ˭еٮٮţһҲ̫ѡ
СʫĽͣҶɵ۾΢ɲԽȷԼҶ˵ط
˳ϣҪٳʲô״
ǰպħ˼ֱӶ黶ˡħ˵һ黶ˣһ黶Ҳסһָ
ǣʱҶֹΪҶɵģ黶ʲôȥǿĴڡڣҶɷ֣ƺֿԽԽСˡʱ黶ǿѰħҪɱ䣬ҶҲܡ
ΨһҪǣϢе챦ֶͨΣûʲôԡ򣬻޷Ԥϵ鷳

ʲôʧˣ黶ŭķֲõġƾôϢģȻʧ
죬һ黶黶ԴԴϵ׬ȡŸʽĳһ죬˸ǿľΪȥԴǿ߸ǿȥˡ
죬黶˵żڡҪ˭ĲֶΣǼֱѰ·
ǸһǿĴԽѾСʫԽ˱ĵطȥ
ԵֻиӦ
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Ѿǧǡ˶˲õĳ羴ԣֲǲ֪(δ1472.ͻ𣡣ϣ
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֮ܶԺħ֣ôʱ棬һԣ
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ħ֣ǶΣգҶԵֵ
ңǴ̡Ҷˣ˸ֶΣŪԼĿռλǸԼδĴһǿıڡ
Ҷס˲֪೤ʱĺħȻҲ֪Ҵڵ塣ǣħȻһԣ˵ʲôҶԵֵĶ
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κεȽ׵ǿߣûж۹⣬ûжٶĴڡħܲҵģһڡ

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Ҷ˵Сʫħɫ΢ģʵҶ磬ʵ벻ףǸСʫΪʲôܹҵĽͨһ챦ռҶ㣬ôģΪʲô֪ǸʱŻķС
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ҶɺǺЦţĿ⣬͸˺ĺˮֱɨĺӴ֮ϡ

ħȷȹȥˣԴӸҶɣҲѧˣƶϡ
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ٱ磬ǲΪҪȡԹĳһε黶򡱳żķȻ黶ʹһĻȻܴЩԩԴǿȡ
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ħϾҶɡʵϣǿ߶Ҷɡֵʱܹ岽ҲͿˡٶ࣬ǿ߶ûʲô塣
Ͼƻ仯졣ô࣬ôԶʱȫˣȫǴģǰ׷ѹ
ߡñȹȥĺħȫ׷󾳽ȫһ򷨣һʮᡣԣǸͲ˷ʱȥʲô˱սֱ֮⣬ǾҲ׷ࡣ
⵱ȻҲȫǴرЩͥǿǣǿĻǽģǱȸӾͨҪá˵ʲôııֶΡ
ħҶɣܹΪҶɶϸı䣬ѾܲˡҪһٲȴΪ
Ҷ磬Щڤ޷ֲΧҲ̫㡣룬ֻҪѰңҵԴͷ
˺ħĻشҶɲÿɷ΢΢һЦɺħˡھҵǱ֮ڣ˶񶷲ݵִڣƾŸҲû̵

һˮһͷԴȴһӵĹɫĴȻ˳ƣһͷΪԹݻڤޡ
ͷڤ޴ӺԾȴû̹Ҷħһ֧ǰںӰߣ˫ҶɵɨɨȥƺڿǣȥǲҪΪá
ݻɵڤޣûʲô̿ԡǷɱܣȫƾԼı¡ֻҶͷ൱Դʮڤޣ϶˹ȥҶһҧڣΪǸҶɼͷģɫСԣͷڤֻԶԶĵҶɿûж
ֻǣάϵ̫áڤ޴ûʲôģĶҶɿ˰֮͵͵ĺţҶ˹ȥ
񸫣
ͷڤ޸ոշ˶ʱҶߵһ˱񸫣˲۳ڤ޻ûݹһľ룬ͱһ˱ɵ󷨸ӭͷס
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ͷڤſڣһһɹɺǺڤ޵ݺݵײҶɵһ˱֮ϡ
̣ûκر⾳档˵Ĺʲôͨôݺݵײһ֮ϣ
Щ˶⾳Щ񸫿Ա仯ͨЩϳһεµ󷨡ȫ֮ϵǿֻǶ̶̵һɲǵʱ䣬һ˱񸫾ͳױ
սݣڤ޵ɷ֮ȻţԸٶȼ˹
ڤ޳棬ҶɺˣڲԾ˲Ƶͬʱһ˱Ŀͻȥڤ޹ʼʩ񸫸ǣ˥һЩ
ʮ𣡣
ڤ޵ո˥һɲǣһͳķʵʰģҶɵʶʱ䣬ղȺڤײĿ񸫣ȻһΧ޴Ļ
໣໣໣
Ȼ֮䣬ڤ޵Ľкȫˡԭ͵طѳ顣һ飬ûҶɿģͺȻԱܵ޴ĳҶɵĻ̾еҡҡ׹ס
ıʣҶ΢΢üЩӵǵԴڿһĻǿ϶СġЩ׷һʮĴڣҲһͨϵı仯κβɲı仯
ǣڤȴûӵļһһƬԱδƣڶƬʱԱԱľ޴ʣХҶɵķ򣬺ݺ
ʱ
Ҷֳһ񸫣ɵǰһȦȦĻơЩ컨Ƴ֮󣬾þ۲ɢ
ǷѳڤһͷײЩ컨еʱЩȻչ֦ݺݽЩڤЩ֦֮ϣһĵ̡Щ̴̽Щڤʱһɹɾ˳֦ӿһֱӿˣҶɵĵ֮С(δ1478.ڤĸ
Ҷ磬аԴʮҲܸ㶨ˣ
ͷڤ޳군ħ˴Ĵָ
Դ˲㣬Խ׻ɱԴʮڤޡ飬ȥħû˵ڣǰ󲻹Ϣʱ䣬ڤڵľȫҶһգ
Ҷ磬ڤ޵ҲաǰȥǽϸߵڤޡҰץϼͷܴ֮ﵽ˲۷壡
ǽϸߵڤޣ㼶ҲͻߡҶɵʶԴﵽǸ򡣲ħѾףЩڤٶԴʮĴڣ
һͷԴʮڤޣᴿ൱ԴʮǧڱڱҶɻɱʮڤ޵ٶٿ죬ҲֲϺħץ˼ͷ߼ڤޡ
ǣҶȴЦ΢΢ҡҡͷΣҪǣͨսԼ⾳⡣
о⾳ɶħǲ⣬Ҷ磬ӦѾʮԴҪкͻ򡣹ȥЩӰ˵淨ֻʲôģͳͳԶˡ
ŶҶȤЦʵԼĿͥЩǿǵĹͬ
ȻǹͬħӦҹȥֻǸ¶ķ壬ﶮ÷ЩЩһ֮󣬴Դġ
Ҷ¶һȻ˵΢Цûж˵ʲôǣħȴΪҶɲνġͬǣʮ֣صĿ˵Ҷ磬ɲҪСֹͬǾͥԴڷ֤Ľۣ
Ҷ磬ȥǸἰͥǿߣûȫ˵ͥǸڡ˵ͥԭһЩΪ׷󾳽еԴǿƳһ档ĵطڣеԴڣɢᱻա
ö֮ԭ棬ݻһǿ֧硣ҶӦ֪пǿ⾳Ľ棬ͻȻȻǿ⾳ʤֻ̭ǿ⾳
Ǻصǣÿһأÿһƿ̺žǧǿ⾳ͥеǿǣͨϰЩ⾳Ӷγ֡ͬ
ףҲǿͥġͬҶɵ˵ͷǺЦֻ±Ī⣬ԴҲδʼһ˭ܱ֤νǿ⾳ϵΨһ
Ҷɲſڿӣ˵˵ǶصļͿԿЩѾ˼£תѰͻƷǿǣȫѾʳ¹档ȥҲħ˵ѭνġͬŬСڣҲȥ
ҲԴһСϵóۣǾǣżȻἰǿԴǣ඼סͥˣĴڵھͥеǿڡ
ЩѾӽѾﵽԴ۷ǿǣΪʲô׷ѡ뿪ôۺǿ⾳ͥĴ𰸣Ҷִǿ˵룬ס
ħɷϣͥǾԴ֮ءͥЩ飬Ҳȷֵѧϰǣı֮ͥУôǾͻʧȥøǿĻᣡ
ҶɿĵĽ⣬ȴ˺ħһãȻ˵ǴͥеǿǣҶɵⷬ˵
źħãȻҶֻÿЦҡҡͷˣ˵ЩҪżǰеĻʱֿһҪһ
ҶȥĶҾȥĶЩŪˣûиԴӣǱ˲ҵõҶ磬ûµķ֣ħٺЦţֿʼѯʹڱ˵
ʵϣҶɵľΪħӦıˣܸӦõǣҶȴһúħͶصķ࿴ûĶҶһҡһ䣬ֱָǱ֮ڵҪ֤ݣ
ڣѡǰ·ҶɼóĽۡȻħû·ѰҵǱ˵ĴںۼǣֱȴߺħҶߣû
ԣħͰѶжԺ϶ҶɣҶɵģҲδеģ˼ᶨ


Ҷͻ㹻ˣԴŲǣȴһһεģͷ¹̸
ľ練ҶɲûźħСħҲ֪ҶӸͿֱ׷ԼħףԴ˲ľΪȥҶɵʵսΪУҶɵʵսѾѾԶնɱԴʮڤޣ
Ҷɻʱʱ䣬һնɱһͷԴʮڤ֮󣬺ħǺЦ
Ҷ磬ɱԴʮµڤޣѾʮϡˣǻﴳ
򣬾ڤ޶ʮϵľ۾ҶɵĿ⣬ŸԶķȥҲӦϢһˣԺڤޣ𡣡
û⣡ħЦЦЦţȻħɫһףȻǿߴڣ
챦ռﴳ˺Щ꣬Щǲզڤ֮⣬ҲûпĶǣħȴ˼ٵĴڣĺɫǰǰķԼߣ
ʲô㼶Ҷɺʵ
ϸ鿴һħȵĻش
һԴʮŲ㣬Դʮ˲㡣û뵽ƫƧĵطȻֲ㼶Ĵڣ
Ҫ֪ұħʹӡΪ˶ǸνĻ쵰ҾƫƧģԴǿˮ׼ܲĵطӡԣǲײ˸סԣǲս˴С
ںħڵһƬʱУǿԴǿߣҲֻʮһľΪѡƫƧҲòƺٴʲôʺԴǿĵرԴǿ߸ǾԴĹؼڡԣںħʶԼԴǿߣȫһƬʱкߡ
ڡ
ȻѾָԴʮ㣬ǣͬʱҲ϶ҪЩһǻͬǾ͸鷳
Щ鷳ļһѵҲǷԴѰұ˵ģ
Բԣżʱ䣬黶ʶʲôϢɢ˳ȥҲû̱Ĵ
ħֹţܿ죬뵽һֿԣ
ѵ챦ռ
ԣʵúħǳԾϾ˵еڣܳڴκλĶ

ǡߣ챦ռڡҶɵ˵ͷͬ˺ħжϡȻ˵ֿԡҪȥĵطǱ֮ڣ
˲ʱ䣬ħ׹ͿٺһЦҶȫȻ(δ1479.ڤģһ
һ·棬ͣͣܿ죬֪ԴھԴʮҵڤ޻򸽽ҲҶģпܴڵĵط
ȥͻʮʮڤ޳֡ǺħѰҵĻ϶ͻߡǣֿͨõҶȴֿԡ
ΪƮ죬ԣҶҲûԼһȷħ֮ҪҶɣҲΪ˿Ҷɻ᲻Լ
ڣô鷳ˡͻԴڣѾ׼ȷָͨǱ˵ĵ·

һԴǿȫ¶Ρ
ֻԴʮ˲ǿߣò£ϵĴҲ²ࡣɫƤףϱһͷģ챦ȥӦһ˫ֵ̥ܡ
ΪλԴʮŲĴڣһŮޡֻһɫ˿һϵصɢȹϻһɫɫıɴһͷںĳһʽµķ٣Ƿ֮ϵһòƽӴɵķ˺ħŨȤ
Ҷ磬Ȼû´ǾѰ˵ġƼûǸƯŮͷϵĽɫһƱ˵ĳ챦
˼ǣ˵ģҶЩȵЦ˵һǲ´ˡһΪѰ˵
ԴǿʱǸҶɵĸоͺǿ鶯ڤޡҶɱѾȷţ챦ռɳڡҶɱΪĴ˵챦ı൱ǵĸסЩǧܵĸʲôҶɱΪһЩʲôͨ
ҶɱţͨԴǿߣһЩ֮ս쭡ԭǣڿȴҪˣٵ챦
Ҷ磬ǲھͰǸסҪǶˣסǣħѯʡ
ʵħҲ֪ھͳ֣ǺܺõʱϾԴǿһ·١һ·϶СĽκβεڤ޶ƵСΪ˵ˣڶʲôǿڡпܡ׷ɱǵǿߣβ
ʱˣܸܿ㶨ҲܻܿὫЩ׷ǵǿǹɵӶܲµõòСĵǿߣս϶ҪٶһЩħͲұ֤ȫˡ
ħЩβǰ·ϣҶѾħú÷һ顣ǣħڿԴǿߵȫòħڿƯŮͷϵķħͲˡ
ħżҶȴһżħоܸķ֣һжԼϢϸǸŮпʹǸ𣿡
ҶôһѣħŷеĵǣûƺûжǸ˼Ҷ磬ôĿģΪʲôͲһ㣿
˵ĻҶҲǺΪʲôħ޷һ㡣
ǣȥħ̫ǿ̫ƫǣħϾ߳Լ̫ࡣôѧϰʵħҲӦ˳ڳԼ
ķйأֻߣͥйأ
Щ뷨һһҶʶӹ뷨ڵҶܹжϡ
Ҫż㲻Ѿȹȥǿܶ𣿡ҶɺǺЦţеȥ
ħ˼Ҷ˵ҲͲٶʲôע·Դϡ
ڤˣǸȥ˫ֵ̥еһСѯʡ
ȣ
ŮĿ⸴ӵģԶһɽʯȥҲǺħоģ֮ڣ
Ҫȶ೤ʱ䣿˫ֵ̥еһٵ˵Щʹߣܿͻ׷ɱǶˣȡڤ飬Ҳûȥ
ǰڤǴͿһȡڤˡڤˣǿЩְɣ
λΪڤŮޣͺûֵܵĴߴƵáĿһɽʯͺǿԡ
ԼʮϢʱ䣬ڤϸʵ
ڤףڤףҪǸܽڤΣԸԸ⣿
Ը⣡˫ֵ̥ܺԥģͬش
ǺãವһӣڤǸɫȡҪǣǵ֮ȫע֮Ҿȡʮڤ飡
ʮڤ飿
ڤڤʱɵˡ(δ1480.ڤ壩ڶ
𡭡ڤˣģڤֹסķ
ʮڤ顭ڤˣȥÿʱ䣬Ҳֻȡһǧڤ顣ʮʲôڤ׸ɴ಻š
ڤڤײţħԹߣȴֻţЦúϲ£ˡ
ţҶ磬ǸڤֱǸŰ
𼤶Сı¶ҶûĺħԴʾħ侲һ㡣
ţš
ħϽǿԼļǣǸͨ壬ԼȻ壬ҶɣƲ˶೤ʱ䡣
ҶֻöЩ⣬ɢһºħעڤ顭̲Ǳ˵ͨܣ
Ҳɣⶫû˵ħҡҡͷ˵ǸԴʮ˲ڵ֮ȷʵڻٱ˵ͬʱʹǱ˵ӿУ
ħûн͡ϾڵҶ˵ЩԴʮҲʩչֶΣȻڸĪһЩ
ҶɵĴܹ³ŵֻǣܿͲȥЩŵ¹ˣνڤ飡
˵ڤ϶̲˵ЩͨҲӦûڤ֮С
ڤ򣬿ܾЩľۼء˵׷ɱߡʹߡ¾ͷݻ
ÿʱ䣬һǧڤڤʹáڤ飬Ȿ˱ڤһֶΡǡΪʲôǱ˲ɴڤ֮У
ȡڤ鷳ȥһնࡣԼҲʧȥοգ
Ȼ߼ⲻ߼飬ҶɽһЩڲʱУֱʡ
ħûҶӵ˼άֺǺǵĿǸֺǺǵĿŻڤһ˫ֵ̥ܡ
Ǳߣڤֹģһ˫ֵ̥ܽʲôħȥ
Ҫǻڤ˵ֵܣôȷȡ㹻֮Ҿͳᣡ
ֵܸڤˡôҾͳŻڤֵܿʱǣǿȡǸ
ںħΡԼԼֻþȣ֮ͺˡ
ǣû뵽Ҷ硣پһ֮⡣
ħ뿪
뿪ħʮֳԾ
ǰΪʲôҪ뿪ֻҪǷȡ㹻㹻ǿ֮ǾͿڴݻٱ˵ͬʱñ˵
ôҪǣǸԼͬԴ
ֻҪԼܳʮ㡣ֻҪһЩԼʮ㶼ûж⣡
˵ͨԼյַ֮ս쭵ֶΡʱԼħ.
㽺ǣ㲻ܳɹҶɵͷ͸Ǻħһˮ
Ϊʲôħ޷޲ƽҶ磬ѲΪҴ򲻹ߣҶ绹ڵʲôʹߣ
ǡҶ΢ЦҡҡͷֻΪǷ⣡
ʲô⣿ħסˣĴһһ·̺ŵ⾳ⷢûⰡҶ磬㲻ҪңľΪܿԴʮ챦
ǺǣҵȻǣı˿ô
Ҷɵķʣúħһ㶡ʶȷʵʲôطԾ
ǰôвԼڵ챦֣Ϊʲô
ħ㻹ûȫסҶҡͷǺЦⱾΪʲôҪԼȫټһ챦ռ䣬ƶطǿĵˣ˭ܹҵõ
ٻߣʹģǿڤ޹ԴʮµĴڣѲɣǻȵסڵڤ޴
˵νġ衱
ȷţıԾʱҶɾѾʶΧ飬ô򵥡
Ҷ֪Ǳÿһʱ䣬ͻṩһЩʱҶɸɻࡣ
ҶߵԼΪʲôǱ˲ɴһʱҶףһУǶôĸӣô󣡣
ħѾڻɣһ׻ǲһ챦һƣѾԶԶ˾ǿߣ
ħ㿴ҵļҲΧʱؾƣҲʶģ˵šҲͬӦÿˣǰ֮Ϊҵ𣬶µֶΡǣҿޱȷŵĸ㣬һеһУûȲƣ
ħȫסˣħȫɵˣȫȫףҶɵ˵Щʲôֻ֪Լˣһ鷳鷳桭(δ1481.ڤ
ϢҶ磬ʵ̫ˣħЦţһ޴Ļܣͷ͵ģԴʮ˲ڤ޸
ҶɵĽ飬뿪ʱѾȥʮꡣʮʱ󲿷ʱ䣬ҶɺͺħһֱڸͷԴʮ˲ڤսͨսĥԼս
սԴʮĺħ˵սķȺޡϾһ澳ԽߣսԽѡһ棬ħҲóս׼ȷ˵֣ԼͬԴĴ֮⣬ħ֪ԼӦ
սҶ˵սЧΪԡһʼ֮һɲǵʱ䶼ֲڣȴѾϢʱ䣡
ģħҲϰáҶˡ֮⣬ħʵҲĸʻ㣬ŵ顣
Դ˲۷ˮ׼ӲԴʮ˲ڤޡȻ˵ڤûӣֻǣ㼶Ҳһ㡣
ͷŭŲϳײܵڤޣЦݵĺħȴǰٸн
Ʒչȥħţһ죬ҶܹԴ˲۷ˮ׼Դʮ˲ڤ޵ļ¼ǡԼԴʮĴڣȻڶûĥɱͷڤ޵ֶΡ
Ҳͨ棬ҵ鶯ʼղӦôܱøǿأ
Цеĺħ˼αǿ⡣ħ֪ǣҶҲ˼ţΪʲôħ޷鶯ԭ
ңѾʮˡȻͨ϶ôͨϷʽȷǿǣܹһЩССı仯ս㣿
սֶ෽ɡ൱ͬ챦ˮ׼ǿߣ鶯ߵսͻԶʤľګߡκһǿߣӦ֪顣
ǣΪǿǿߵĲͬ鶯鶯ս仯ֻ飬ҲҪ츳ġ
ҶɿħҶɲħΪҶɽħˡӵ츳ĴڡֻΪħžֵܷС仯Ȼڳʮսжûܷ֡飬ͺе˼ˡ
ۺжоųɰգͥ
ԭҶֻΪ飬ӶͥڣΪħϵӵͥ
ͥ͵ñøǿ
ҪоͥĴڣҪﵽԴʮĲľΪҪͥﵽԴʮǻ֮⣬Ҫֿˣܻýʸ
Ҷɲǲܿٽ׵ֲΣµĻټϸոս챦ռʱջҶӵ˽ȾǱֻǣԽͥԽӵֿٽ׵ǱҶɾԽǳס
Ϣʱһڤ޽սڸոսֵһ̣ҶȻͻƽԴھŲ㣡
ǣܿҶɾ𹦷ԼľֻظԴ˲۷塣
˾úħֱҡͷǲϿҶɵֻ̫Ҷɵԡ
Ҷ磬Ѿǵڰ˴ˡΣȶԴھŲˣ
ڣҶѾʵĴ̶ֻҪﵽʮΣͲټתֹҶľб䣬׸
ҶЦŵ˵ͷҪ˵ЩʲôȻͷ֣ͷڤ͵رˡ
ߣһÿЩ
ҶЦصļһµĿ񸫡֮
Ҷɲ⾳õջԭȵĿ֮Уĸ򡣶һ񸫣еĸȫתˡ
һĴڣҲͬĿԡ
˵Ҷɹȥֵ⾳ǣȫпǣȫп
һδεɱһδεսҶˣβһдյˣνġͨ򡱡
ķ򣬲ĳеķķҲֻʹĳеȥķ򣬿һСȻҪҶɼо򣬲Ĵﵽ־硣
ںħ־ƺûʲôôںħУֻкͻԴĸǣǺħתҲòϣνġͨ۳һ֮ȷʵ˵ã
棡
Ҷɵһȣ֮֮һо棡(δ1482.ڤߣĸ
ʱҴңȥ
ڤˡսеĺħȻ˵
һΣЩʹ߸ˣ
һΣڤ˵ڤסڤֵܣɹȡʮڤ顣ͷβûпʹ߳֡һΣڤٴιЩʹֻҪ̫ɵӦܹڤټ
ҶɵȵľǣЩʹ߸
ˣֻԴʮѣˣȻܿסڤµĹ
겻ڤԾԴʮŲľΪһδģԾԴʮ˲ĴڡȻڤʼʩǿߵ֮ʮڤ顣
飬pkԴʮĴڡֻǾƴĻʹ߿϶һغǣȴֳһ޴Ĺ֣ڤ˵Ĺ赲档
ڤһڽӣ
ܿ죬ʹͻϹҪǲٰһΣ͸Ͻɣ
ԴʮĴڣԼߺüǿߣȻֵģš
ħýζĶãһ߽ͷڤ޸һխһߺǺЦʣҶ磬ǲǸùȥˣʲôʹˣǻĲð죡
ڤôҲԴʮŲĴڡܹܻڤģսȥȻħռϷ磬ǣȴƿȫˡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷҪͬħ۾һƳͷԼһٶڤޣȻı⡣
ħûаա
ţħ۾Ȼ
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ڤż
ˣһδΪǹ׳ǵ֮
Ҵҵģڤǰ˵Ļһ˵һ顣
ҲˣƣڤΣڵϦһȡʮڤ飬ڤͻ᳹׸𣡣
Դʮ˲ĴںԵľסˣõڤԼȻΪĿġ
ҲмˣǶҪڤˣЩڤ˻׳ǵڤͻܼȥ򡭡
ڤˣֶܼãȻһ۵ڤǿ߳ʣڤ֮УжǿߡԹ׳㹻ǿ
ûα겻αһڤǿߣҲ̬͡ȣȵڤסڤֵܣҪǿӲöࡣ
ûйʹߣûλʹѹôڤţԼ粻֮࣬϶˵ҲΪʲôڤһϿɣɻڤִҪԭ
ڣʱִ̫ˡڤûϵЩʹ߾Ȼһֱû뿪ȻԼٱʹ߸ˣ
ڤϵõһжҶɵơҶɺͺħһͷǿڤ޶ûڵصġЩʹҲͲΪ棬˲١
ϾǿȻûƻڤжǣڤǿߣҲһˡ
ȵڤһμֲסȵڤòһγðգЩʹ߾͸мˡǲ֪ڤǧܵʵĿģֻǵΪһڤðգ϶ͼǰڤɵˣͻԹսΪ
ǣҶɺͺħͳΪһ˫ļııҶɺͺħõҲɹûڤΣ
ִ֮Ȱ˵ȻжЧڤǵļ˻յǣڤǿ߿϶ͽŵĨܵˡڣǷĶڤһȥвҪƻͬԼˮ׼Դǿ
ڤˣԽԽʶһж²ò
ðɣߣ
һ֮󣬵ڤ֣ʵ˵ǿߣڲòƻֱǺһˣҪǵǸʹ϶ʩչֶΣһնɱ
ڤ棬ڤ񷣬Ҳǿߡƻô߲ؽײˣᱻǿйѺһɱ
ⲢǻڤΣڤУһڤּҹ۵㡣ʮڤУֻһڤϿ£ҲͲûڤڹƻĵڤԳˡ
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һģ챦ڤһɷ顣ͿһƺðѸٻΪУڡ
Ԯʹ΢΢һ㶡
ϻڤЦʹһúóһʲôģ
۽ǵ⣬ЩϧƳһǿɽʯڤľɥģڤǿߣҴȥ(δ1483.ڤ򣨰ˣ
Ҷ磬׼
ħԽԽ˷ܣҲԽԽܣǰıսķš
Ҳ㡣Ҷ΢΢Цʮڤ飬ڤܲܳŵסĹؼؼôֻûڤһɣԶԶĽӦ϶ڣ
ֻǣҶΣһЩҪܹɹһΣǽջ
ˣôͷҲ϶Щջ񣬹ħЦţѳһɫӰӣܳ˳ȥ

ڤ·˲ƶȥһΣûٶʲôεͨ
ڻڤ˵ľһٶȡڻʲôΣֻ˷ѾҪ֪ҶķԼǿǿ߳ٳ׷ϲʱ£ͻ濼һ£ǲӦûһ
ڵĻڤֻü٣٣ټ١
ٵͬʱڤûڤ桢ڤ񷡣ȻܲϣԼʧܡǣڤû˷
ټһܿڤڤͻϵ
ΪڤǿЯţ˲ɴΡڤڤѾЩǣڤڤʱڶȻӿһӴ
Ϊ羴Ϊϣ
ڤУڤڤսһڶλԽӦʹҲõʲô
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ڤܵô죬ȥͶ̥𣿡
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ٺ١ڤ·ͨ
ڻڤΪԼԶһξʱһӴӭڤɫ䣬ѿڶʹ㲻޷𣿡
ٺ٣ǵ̽ӡˮ׼̫
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һһһһһûڤ;һѣһ㣬ѿڶشʯ⡣
ڣڤҲóƻ֮ԣͻȻ͵Ϯ֮£ססܡǣڤڤȴûôֹƻ֮ģ˵ڤ顣
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ڤ꣬ǣֱڣҲ֪ڤĴڡԣȻڤڤʯĹƻ󣬵ǣʯʹȴǲ֪ϸ
ʲôڤ飿
ʯĹƻ֮ٴδһΣڤڤȴ˻ڤıûһľʧء
ʯεҡҡͷ֪͵ϮȻٿܡ
ڤ˵ãֻܽˣ
˵ţʯơһ˶ƣ˲ʱͽڤпӶݵ·߸׷ڤȻֻԭͣԭصֿ
ʯ룬ʹʹҪ
ȥڤ˴δ˵ʯ֡ǣʯսȻԸڤᲢۡòԭصֿĻڤɫҲͬղŵڤ桢ڤһ㣬ɷɷסһʶˣĵ£
ڤڤٶȹ
ڣڤ붯õģҲΪһ챦ʯĴּʱһŨɫȻ˶Ƴһ󶴡һһۿͷĺɫţȻһʱգһʱһ
Ȼôǿʹʯ룬һУ
һһȫʵʻȭͷ˳ǺɫԽնԭڹƵʯ룬òͨΪ˷
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һƳ֮һںӣ˳ɫţڶһսȫչ(δ1484.ڤ򣨾ţһ
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ΪԽԽ
ҶɵĻشúħһ
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⾳ĸϢϢأ
ħһŵģǱԽԽǿ֮˵ۼΪʵǣȻħۿ֮ı仯ǣǲš
Ҷ֪ͥںħ˲ĥӡڵҶɣʮɰգħϵֲ飬ԭ֮ͥУ
ͥԴĵط첻ֵ֪طȻգ
ʲôȫıһǿʵ֮ӿֲ飿䣬Ҳһ˰ˡǻţȴܰԼԸȥҶ˵ˡ
ȻԴ˵֪ЩҲʲôֲڣǸΪͶˡǿǿ֮ıʲ𣬴棬ҲͬԿúס
ħһִڡҶܾġҶģֻ΢ĽͣԼúħ޷粵ģʵ
֮ͺһ̰ļȡΪǱߵĶսܵ˺֮ԭЩ˭޷ʹáڣҶɷǵܹʹЩܹΪʳʹԼ֮ǿ
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ܼģͬڵҰȺһڤ𾪣ʹ𾪣
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ڤҲûټڤ桢ڤˡǰܷĶãչһڤǿߡڣܵ㣬ڤ޴ϣ϶ȫʬ
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ϣûоͷΨڤֶΣܿŻһƬ󺣡ǰ꣬ǿƵܹڤ˸޷ҲûܹһƬ󺣡
죬һҴҽڤʹսѾȥ˽ʱ䡣Ϊڤ޵Űǿࡣһڤǿ߳ѰҸָģֻڤ˲ʹõĵرһȺʮ˶ӵڤǿߣһ췵ڤ
ڤڤֻŻ
һĿģڤǿߣһƬ󺣣Ŀ
ǾŸڤǿߣ궼ڤöࡣǿżڤ϶ɵ¶˻ĵ΢Ц
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ǰǰ˵ѾһЩ󵨵Ķ߶ɹڤˡأ£֣ܿ

ŹδǾŸ곤ڤǿߣȫĵĴЦ
ߣڤĿڵģ˵һΣҲҪһߣ
һ곤ڤǿҡͷ˵ȻţģѾԴʮ㡣ǣ뵱һߣ㻹Ҫĥ
ڤ壬͹ҵʵڤϣ¶һ˿ζЦݣ壬úÿֻԴʮ㣿
䡭
һڤΪģܷ񼤵ڤڣǾŸ곤ڤǿȫģˡ
Դʮ㣿찡ôģ
ǺǡڤǺЦܡ(δ1485.ڤʮڶ
ʦǵˡ
ǾŸ곤ǿߣڤȷûǿߴ֮󣬷Źģʱգһ
ܺãȥɡǵϼ壬ٻ
ǣʦڤһιľһ뿪
ڤԶ֮ʱշһ󲨶һ޳ڤǿߣ˳ʱڤǡɾڸ϶ͣͺһ֡ڤ棡
ǣڤб·һصĲôľ϶ͻɾ֡Ϊһزŵľ㼶ȻߴԴʮ㣡
Ҷ磬˵ûڤ򣬲ܼȡ֮
һصĲڤļ֮ϣЩȸԾ
ħɲҪΡΪڤ棬ʵҶɵǸڣ˵ľΪҪȫȡڤ񲻵ը˹ͷɱȡѣ̫ϧ
סħǺЦҪܹҶǾͺˣȿԷȡҲõľڤ򡣡
ڤ棬Ҷ׼ȷ˵Ҷɵǵһ֮֮һ߷ӵ˿ԴʮľΪ
ʱҶɵıֻԴʮѡıԾɰͰģʮʵԡʱı㼶
ûⷽĹǡȫ߸ͽֱ׷ħȥ
ټϣڤ桢ڤ񷣬㣬ԭҪҶɵı߳ܶࡣԣֻʱ䣬ӵһߣܹԴʮڲµ
ڤ桢ڤ񷡣ٰ֮һ͵ڤǵҶĵһƻԭǴڤʹսһɡǺһѡ˼ڤޱңӶɸ㵽ڤ桢ڤı
ڣҶѾʮڤǿߴ·ֲҲѾݹˡԼƻһ
Դʮ㣬ԾڤˡֻǣԻ󡣡
ڤʣҲԴʮľΪǿڤʡǴﵽԴʮ㣬ȺħҪǿ󣡡
ڤֻʮҪΪڤʣͱսʮڤ֮һȻ˵ֶͨΣпԽսʤǸڤǣȴòԹʹߵֶΣ
ꡣҶɲڤ桢ڤ񷡣ҲҽùĹʹ߸ɵˡҶϣνĹʹߣǵŵ⾳СΪɣҶɵڤһսҲԳ䲻ģʩչڹʹߵֶΣ
ҶɵĵûźħЩħһЩ顣𽥽ˣ֮⣬⾳ҲͬǿܿͻԴʮƿһ׵ԴʮнסˣҶҲԼ뷨㣬˵ħѾȷħԳΪԼͥĵ֣ᶨ顣
Ҷ˵ħǺЦҶ磬ȫͨԼսڤøӴ֮˵Ϊһڤ֮󣬻ܵõڤĽڤӵڤȴ֪Ҳ֪ڤܣñֵܣ
ͨڤ桢ڤļ䣬Ҷ֪ڤû֮Ƕȡڤ飬ͨڤʩչĳЩ˵ͨҲ֪ʵڤԴ֮ǸӲ֪νڣսڤռΪ֮
򵥵˵ڤ˫챦ṩ֮ڤʹãҲͬͨڤǿߵսøģӾ֮
ʮһ֣ı֣ǱڵͷĽԼڵ˺֮תΪۻ֮ڻԼȡģǿߵ֮Ҷʹ󵨲²⣬ڵԼƣҲѾӵ̺еǿֶΣ
ȻֻֻЩЩֻҶѾȷ˵ģҸ˺ħϢֻܸӡıԵҶɣҲûг׵׵Ŀ֡
ҶΨһǣֻҪԼֻܹ֣ҪԼܹɹ߳ȥԼһԽ֮ͥȥԼܽˣĵ˸ˡôʦ飬Ҳκ⣡
ǰɾ͵һڤҽڤ֮Ҫĵһ飡
Ŀ⣬ʱ䴩͸ľ룬͸ˣĳڤ壡(δ1486.ڤڤ򣨵
еĻڤȻ۾
ȥһ˫۾ģĿ⣬ɱĺһΣ亱ģ֮ģȻǾֵĹâ
˭ѵڤԣڤͻˣҲɱⰻȻ
һ֪ӺδͶĿ⣬ȻԼĵȻδʽ棬ǣڤȴ֪ǰԼǵûκλʤϣܵϣڣ
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һòŮǰʵˣ
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͵أڤͺܵʲôƵã͵һ˦䣬ЩŮһԵӳ˴ЩŮˤ߻صģϲģۼþͲˡ
֮⣬ЩֵصǾޱȡǸͲ֪һܺõĻڤˣΪʲôȻԼŮǴⷬģǸӲܲµõڤ˸ոˣĻش𡭡
ɨӭúúãڤ棬ȻǴѲк󸣡ĸ࣬Ȼﵽ˵һڤͷϣ
ڤ澡ЦûڤʱҪĻɽǣʮԼɽĳױˣҲڤĶ֣
ڣڤ澭黹̫ңȴ֪Ĵ·λոպڤλ޳Ǹ𣿺ܺã·ڤֱһڤҲҪʮʱ䡭ʮʱ䣬´ˣһúóʲôŽڤȵȣ˵޳ǳ˸ţܶڤ׷׿ã׷£ܺãǸţһͷڤ棬ϣܻߵڤǺǡҪܴڤڤɨӭʲôϵأ
Ȼ¶һ˿΢ЦĻڤһ˫֮Сһ˵а⡭

ڤһΧܹĸڤסڤֻڤһС
˵ֻһС򣬵ǡ쳣Ӵ󡣵ҶǸʮռλ棬ȫǵ¶νġһС򡱡
ڤеǿߡ㼶͵ģҲԴһ㡣ЩոճڤСľԴһ㣡
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뵱꣬ϵһ飬ĳɵĴУӡճʱҲ඼ǷӡֻӵӵнϺĸʱȽϸ߶ѡ
Щǵȼ߳ǣտǣĳӤпֱӵиߵȼľΪǿߵ׻˵Ǵ̥Ϳʼˣ㲻þǸͽˣ
ʱգǲ㼶֪ǡտǸ߳˶ٵĵطڤ֮Уڤ˵ľסڲɶõķˮء˹˹ڤǣ֪Լһʮĵط˵ϾֻԴһ磬Ͳû
ʵԴڤҲ֪òԴžŰʮһ㣬¾ʮڤʣҲӲ֪Ϊ֮ҪʵΪǿڤˣԼȥսԼԭ˺֮תΪֲ֮ϣЩڤ̫ǿˣǿӰ쵽ԼİΣ
ǺʮڤеǿߣԴʮļڤʣʹڤ޵ǿ֮ǻڤǼڤʵ׷ߣ
û뵽ǸڤøȻɾԴʮ㣡
ߵ־δʽڤʾѾ쵽һСǺЦţķչȤ
ڤʲ֣ΪԼ׷⵽ǿߵв裬Ȼ֡ʤ̭ڤеɡ˭Ҫ˵İ˵ᱻڤڤȴҲᱻڤ˱ӡڤҲ⣡
ˣЩıֶΣɣûʲô⡣ֻǣڤΪڤ棬ܹڤʳôؽڤؽڤ
ԣڤֻԼ߻һСԣڤҲֻϹۣ顣
ڤʴˣڤҪʧһŰ
˵ģȻڤǼڤǿߣǸųڤһ˵ڤһڤʣ˻ڤʵ׷ߡ
ǰųڤ֮µһ˵ڤ塣䣬Ҳȷʵϧڤ΢΢ЦڤѵΪڤ˴λ˾ɱ˾ͿҿЩڤСİɡ
Զ˶٣ڤصЦЦҲҪСˡ(δ1487.ڤ֮µһˣĸǧִ£
ڤ֮µһˣ
Զͬһͷ͵ľޣڵϵľ޴СٿǰİСòֻԴʮ߲ڤ壬Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ǣʲôʸսң
ѹͷųһԼѹͷųҶɾԽڤ˲ݻ٣
սڤϣǿȵı飬̣
Ŷ~~~~ҶɻȻģ˸βԭ޵ս֮
ڤеڤǣ֪Դȴ֪ʲôУ֪⡣ǵĵֻǣǸǧҶɲͬǵĵԴ֮ϾĺãٲҲԴһľˮ׼
ڤȻԣԴ֮ҲܲҶ˵ս֮ڤԴ֮ƣһԴ֮ܳơһԴ֮иͬص㣬Ǿǹս
սս֮
ʱҶɾͶڤһ˿øСϾҶҲͦóսѧʵ̫ӣײĹŹ⾳ܲһ˵ڽԴ֮Ҳս֮
ðɣԸֻһ
һһָ磬ɲ֮䡣ͳڤĶͷ֮ǰ
ֻҪܰһָˣҡ
˵գҶɲڤ塣ǰУԽڤ壬ǲԶ޳ȥ
ڤĶͷϣζĺ飬Ȼ
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ڤͷ亹ʱڤġҲǱʲôݺץһƵãʹͣ
Ȼôǿ
ͨڤһӱڤ˸ղһĻ
һûʲôϡ档һָ磬Ҳǣٶȣ
ƾһ֣ڤ滹ǵľΪڤ֮µһˣҲӦڤ尡ڤҲ㶣ָ̾ġ΢΢ҡҡͷڤٶ࣬ٶİ֣ڤ档ô֣ܵ
˶٣ڤʺǺЦţָǱеҶɵӰ˵οߵôƣɱȻڤҪǧ򱶡һڤʲô
ڤһ㶣˹ˣ˼ǣڽԼ
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ղţڤصЦڤˡֻǣãڤսǸڤʡڤʡ
ϾڤӵԴʮľΪϾڤóٶȣԽսԲ·硣ԵͽǿߣƸӿ¡
ڣڤڤδĿ꣬ڤҲʲô֡ٶȣڤƺѾǷڤʲ٣
ֻҪɹԴʮһ㣬ܷսڤ΢Ц˵γ֣ƺò˶೤ʱܴԸڤҪˡЩڤɲҪⰡ
ڤٿȻľˣ˼ǣ
ڤ˵ΪΥڤ紫ͳ顣ǣеĸоڤʲڿЦװ׵ĸоڤҪˣ
Ҳûʲôֱ˵ġڤʺǺЦҳϣӵڤʵʵԣҲԳ֡ΪûʽӵڤʵֻҪֱҷսôȻĳ֡Щڤָһ£ǿԵġڤãỵ˹أ
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޳˸ǿޱȵĴڣֻСʱʱ䣬ЩոԵСҲ֪顣
ֹһʱ䣬紵ȥûмȥ̸
ΪҶ̫͵ˣ͵ãټһ޳ڣĸԴڣȻܿʧȥˣҶɵľη
֮Ҷ磬ҶҪֵסԴ֮ˣħͣĸ̾
Դ֮ҶɲûڵһʱԼר֮ѧԴ֮Ҳ⣬ǴʦǾԲ̨УӱıЩѧڻһγԼͨǣֻ⵱ԼͨԼľ
Դ֮һԴǿߵĸҲһԴǿбڵĸҶбԴǿߵĸ֮
¾Ǹ߸ϵļڤʣҲ֪Ҷһ˾޵ָ֮У̲⾳ϢҶԴ֮˵߾粻Դʮ߲޳ǡ˵ڤ
֪ΪʲôҶɻ޳ʮʱ䡣֪Ϊʲôڤһָ֮һ˷ܵĳ嵽ҶɵǰҶɵǰǲ֪¾ڤ֮еǿߡڤʶ֪Ҷɵǿֶεʲô
ǡڤʺڤˡֻ֮УȵĿڤڵأڤϿ˵ԸԶ׷ˣΪڤ֮µһˣ
ڤ֮µһˣڤ岻ڤ֮µһ
ڤʲ⣬ڤ͸Ӳ⡭
ʮǰǻ䣬ڤȺۡΪڤ֮µһˡѵм٣
ʮڤʹϣʮǰǳ䣬ڤ֮Сָ䲻ѵм٣
ڤȺ֮ڤͽ̵ڤĳ仯ͨ˰Ϣʱ䣬Žڤ彵ѵм٣
ڤʺǲ⡣ڤģβܽ׸ߣβٶȸ죬βսǿβܶڤͷΣⶼ⡣Ψڵ󡪡Ϊڤ֮µһˡʲô˼
ڤ󲻽ĿǱߵ󲻽ĿŲɫҶɣ󲻽Ŀһֱزڤ塣Լãƺʲôֵ飬ǱȻ
ǱߵǱߵľҲܵǱߵκһ˿
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ڤͷޱȡڤ޳Ǳˣ޳ǹڤˣЩ˵ԵСޣвʶڤĴڣ
ǣҶƣûעڤ죬ҲͬûעǿҶȻ뿪ͬûעڤĬĬĸȥͬҲûע
ƺǿһĴڡҲˣӦҶɵĳͨ֡
ǣǼڤʷҶСˣС˻ǰҶɸڤʯңƹĻˣ㡣
̫ŹˣŹֵһصļڤʣüͷ΢΢
Ҫʮܵ޳𣿡
ǰһǣָȻħڤŻڤǴӼʹȻȫ·ҲҪʮʱ䣬ܸϵ޳ǡ
һǣָȻҶɺڤ塣
ڼڤʿҶڤ棬޳ͣʱЩˡڼڤʿڤҪȥһڤ鷳Ҫ֮𣬻һڤİһһǸ뷨һ·һЩҲǸܲ뷨ǣĿĵĳʱͣƺûκ塣
ڤϾԶڤʣڤСӦˣҪ뿪޳ǣħŻþܸĸ棬ǿԸ֪ǹŹֵԭ򣿡
˿ڤڤʺҡҡͷϸ˵Щ統Ҷûиħϸ˵⾳һкܶ飬ֻԼ⣬˵̣ûκô
ʱ˿̣ҶǰڤںҶ֪ڤǷȱʲôǣ֪һֻпڤԼȥᡣ
Ҷû뿪޳ǣǰڤںټ޳ҹ䡣ȥ˳ȥڤӪҲȥ˸˵ĺۡͬȥƽ֮֮û뿪֮ʱҲ˭֡ǲǿȴʤǿǾţͣͣȥʮ졣
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ڤߵڤһδסˣڤͻȻ򵹣ڤͻȻߵݣ˱ʮǰǿҵĳ
ڤɳȥħڤŻڤ򳹵µˣҶڤڤĹߵݣĳ
Ҫǣħڤ;ŻڤרŸϹ̽صġ
ڤΪԼ֮ԿκŵΪҶɵĻˮ׼ܸߣߵԼͨ޷ԶӵԵʡԣɳԴ֮ڻ֮óáƻõڤڡǰħڤŻڤѾϵǣоǷǵûпκζߣڤͻȻΪûǰԤе
ʱ䣬ԭѾصҶɣһڤʡڤԵøˡԭֻ΢оһ㣬Ҷѹļڤʣʱ˿̣ʶĪӿһ֣ܿͻȡҡģ׵ĸо
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ħڤŻڤֶ⼶ڤǵսǻڤᲢۡԴ֣֮֮ͨ1+1Զ2ԣڤʲŷĵĽɹڼڤʿǶҶɣҲ̫ҡ
ڣ޳ǶҶɵˡҶɵĵϸҶɸɼܣǳԱ˳ŵģûȤ
ǣҶȴ΢΢ҡҡͷħСǣС˼ڤʡ
ֻ˵ôһ䣬ҶɾͲٶ˵ʲôˡôħҲѾʮҶɵϰߡȻҶɲ˵ħҲͲʡת˸⣬˹ڤ顣
Ҷ磬û㴫Сתȡ֮ķΪʲôСӸжµģڤӿţ
ڤҶⱲյĵڶͽܡҶɲֻΪڤ֮ϵԣڤôԼľΪ
ǡڤȴڤֻͬҶɵ׷ߣҶɵ״ӡԣ֮ܣҶɲûиħףʱҶɵĵȷȷֻǴڤ޳ﵽת˵ҶʩչʲôֶΣҲֻǶ֮ԼڤȲ͸ڣֲ޳ǵǿǴС֡
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׷߱Ͼ״ӣкܶ飬Խ״ȥȴ׷֪Ĳ
Ҷɵı徳粢ߡǣҶɵ۹ȴѾԽԽߡڤǿڤ֪ս֪սİѵʱҲ̡ܶǣڤڤǱȴҪСöˡ
񣬺ħҲڼȡ֮ԣ֪Ҷⷬ⡣
ȷϧˡħ˵ͷЦʵҶ磬ʱ⣬ڤ׷ߡǲǣҪսˣȺúһ˵
ǵġҶҲǺЦƻϲϱ仯죬ڤǱߣʱȥˡ
ȥΪʲôȥħЦǸڤôҲǸǧĵ˶Ҷ磬㲻ҪҲøֵ
ҶûĽħһĳȥ޳ǵƯ椶ȥˣ׷˭׷˭ȥڤעҪ򣬲ȫ¶ˣ
ڤĿڤעҪڤѰζǼڤʿɲǳصġǱ˳ôҶɵȫ̼ƻȫʱǵʧȥȡ֮ĻᣬǻʧȥǸռĿꡪ
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ڤЩڤڣûһԴʮ㡣ǲ֪ԴʮȥǺѡѾﵽԴʮļڤʣȴԴʮ
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ڣڤϿʮǰڤĴƲ⡣ϾĽͻٶȣԼڤʵ۽磬벻ס
ڤϿԼĲ²⣬ڤ΢¶ϲɫʵˣ˵ѾõǸ˵Ŀ
ȻģڤЦҴΪǸ˵м٣ڡڤ֤Ǿ͸м٣
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ڤʻļǵãԼʮһͽ׽׵ʮһнסǰ󻨷˶೤ʱ䡣
꣬ʱ䡣ڤ򣬶ʢΪӢšڤ棬ȻɲʱȻͻƣʲôţ
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һ仰ֱ̼ڤʵһ仰Ҳüڤʻ㱾ãһƺҶɵ֮С
ڤʳʣѵ𣿡
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Ҷƺȫûпڤʵԥںɴ˸ղԼ˵Щ̧ͷĿ⳯Զȥ
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Ϊڤڤֶع򣬵ҶɿֶͨΣڤɹģΪվҶһߡԣٳûжãٶһ顭
Ҷ磬һﳹױסˡû뵽֮ݻ֮ܣȻã
ħٺЦţ֡ԭĶżڤʣ׼ʱҶɵ¼ڤʵĹǣڿһʱģڤʸͲĶ֡
ʵϣ⡰á˵ˣһûʲôҶɵľ硰˲䱩ǹڤǵڤ綸ǡʵ֮Ĺ͡ԭҶɺЩڤľ磬̶ֳȡֻһֱǶ䲻ԣǼڤ˴жϡ
Ȼ֮ҶҲüڤɹġ˵ڤʻɣҶɻڤڵķҲ˵ȫûе
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һˣʱɱ㣡
ɱڤ˲ϱǿҪ֮һԲŻУڤʲòָ໥ɱڳɷ
ʱɱҶɣ˵ⲻϹءǣڲɱԺɱڤʷҪô͡Ҳжָ
ͺñȣڤʵȷܸԤ֮ɱǣڤֻǰ͸¶ԼһЩ뷨ҲͲʲôָڳɷԵΪڤлڲ١ȥڤʾã취á
ŶӣֵҶɺǳԾˡףΪʲôڤʻ˵Ļ
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ҶΪֻΪüڤʺҲɡȻ󣬼ڤճ׽ԼʱսͶٵĻһЩȶء
ʱ򣬺ħȻ֣úõһڤʡʱ򣬳ǼڤʿƴȥսԼͰȫݡϾںħսʮڤ֮УҲˮ׼
ǣҶȴûϵԻһʱ֮󣬼ڤʾȻ˵һˡȴǼ֣̫ϡˡϾԼΪֻҵĵãüڤʷɱԼĿġ
ѵҽףΪ˸еһսҶʮԻĿżڤʣٳûи𸴡
ɱԼԼνڵĴ衣ЩҶҲȷǣڤʳԭ
ֻҶɲ֪ڤĳˣڤİԼˣڤҲԼԼһ֤ȥ֤һ˵е顣ڤҪ֤ͨȥһڤᾪֵģ˵еļƻ
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ڤʣҪȥ𣿡ڤ䣬ȻɫģҶ˵ڤ棬ʵʵߡĽ죬ļգ
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䣬Ҷ޷ƿʱֵĸоָоǡǡϲĸо
ı󶯣Լƶ࣬һֱΪΪ˳ɹڤˣȻ԰һսø𣿿ڣڤʲ֪뵽ʲô»УǾ߻ų̵ڤʵĺȻþùڸӡ
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ʢŭ֮µļڤʣһ䳡滰˵˫ֽӡҶ˹ȥͿӡ֮УС۳ЩֻаƴССһתţһ߻Ĺ켣Ҷɼ
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ڤ֪Լսģʵһȫģɾ֮۶ɵôףԼͨǣڤ֪ϻ֮ڤʸͲ֪νڣʵһ챦ıˡν֮Ҫ
Ҫ̺ŵ⾳ȻԴʮļڤܿԣ֮۳ֻͨҪҶɲüڤʿ;ܿ
ǰҶɾֶΣʹڤʴΪЩڤǵڤͶҶɵĳС
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ǣҶɵķûáٿСȵķƬܿͻһҶɡһҶɡһľٶȣ١ûȼڤһǹȻмƬɳǰģҶɡǰĴС
üڤʵĹתȡ֮˿˻ԸࡣսȥҶֻԽԽ࣬ǼڤʻôҶ綷
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ڤɫѿⲻ֪ҶɵɫʵҲôÿ
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ħΪֶοҪ̫࣬ǾпܷѡҪֶδ򵹼ڤʡǳ룡
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ȻڤһĴս˺֮תΪ֮ٶȣԶҶսٶҪ졣ǣΪķѡԣӴģ֮תҶҲ޼ɵȡɡڵֻܽǧ֮ڡ
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ڵļƻˣҪʱ䣬ҪȴڤʸϹԣҶҲֻܸıƻúħŻ
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ҶɲϲգֻҪԼƿؾ棬ͻᾡܵıܿա
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ڤ棬챦ѵڤʣû챦ڤЦ㿴ڤĳ֮򽣺գ
򽣣һ챦ڤѾԵֳˣᰮ͡ԣӵ챦ûʲôϡ档
գȴҶһȻ򽣺ձڤʼʱĿڤʵһ˵ʵʵ
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ҶɵĲ²õ֤ʵѾȷħԶԲܳս
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һֱڹעҶɣҶһ·ٳɳҶɴǿҶɲ߻ڤڤ򣬲߻ս
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ԣҶֻǸ˺ħ澳Դİ취ȴûиߺħħѾ֪Ǹطĥ磬˵ĺôҶ˵ʱΪҶҪٴνٴ׷ͻơ
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ҶɵȻ֪ЩҶѾ˵ٴν澳ԴĿģ(δ1494.ֶΣϣ
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Ǻǣʦ˭˵޷ͨģˣܿҾŪ֣
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룬ʵѾ˵ңҲУҲûлȥ幵ͨ
첻ۣҶɾߵǿǺħҡֻҲħȫȫİҶɡңĿϳȥڤʶͲȱҺķ˴Ҫҽͬڤʡ
˵Ҹȥ幵ͨ澳ԴããԭΪڡ֣ƴҪ壬ǣֱڣ̶ȻȲϵҶɵĻʯпܰҶɻͨ
лǲСҪһԡʦܲϣͽܣһηսıɡ
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ֱڣ컹ΪҶɵĿ꣬ԾǷеͨǣֱڣ춼ûףȻĿǿ϶Ҫɵģǣɵʱ䣬ȴһڡ(δ1496.־ս
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ԹԵĥţȻҶձ뿪澳Դ
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Ȼûеõ˴ҿϳҲʱ䡣ڤʵ򽣺տɲǳصġ쿴ףƾһʽͨڤȫԶնɱʮϵǿڤޣ
Ҫ֪ڤߵȼԴʮ㡣ǣڤ޵ĵȼȴûơȥɱߵȼڤʱڤʶҪɣһ֡ڣҪϼʮϰٸڤڣŻߵȼڤ򡣿ǣȴʮԼڤʵʵʵ򽣺յʵȫԶԴߵȼڤ
ˣҶɽ澳Դľһٶõ顣ȸ˳ĳ룬˵ҿȫæս٣ҿԼָʱ䡣ǻҵĳΣõҵ׷档һν澳Դνջķᣬض顣
٣ҵʹͶûиСӾ˷ջ񣬲ͽܣ~
Ц죬ȷԼʹ͡ͽܣԼ¿ˣŸʹ͡ȴͽõ˺ôŻʹ͡˵ԼҲԼĿǣǣô˵춼ãԼʦģʵ̫ˡ
Ҷɣղŵ֮ضֶΣΪʦ˼ΪʦҪ㣡
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ңҶɵ˫ۣȻɫҲеС˷ܣʦνң
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ʱգҶɴõĺôϸ˵ֻ
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ΪʲôҶɿԴ߰˲ľΪȥЩԼ߳ǿڤޣ
ΪʲôҶɿԴʮľΪ۳˳סǧģԴʮһ
һУҪǿ͡ҶţֻƵĽţԼԽ׸࣬ȥֱЩǿĴڣ
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ʱ䣬Ҷɵϲ͵Ȼ޴档
Ҳ˵ǿ߶ԣ⾳֮⣬ľǿֻ֮ͨͨ⣬ʲôܹҶĶ
ҶЩɥʱ׽ЦôʯǷˣҲûȤȻˣǾˣһ룬ӦøʲôͲźأ

Ҷ͵һȻ˵飬ʦ⽱;ͦãͦã
ʲôЦʯǿħҪۺĺöǿѰͥǿߣٰʮ궼δܹʮ߰˿ôܲҪ
ʱգŮѾǾԲ̨ôʱ䣬ŮҲѾʵ˸߲ľԲ̨
ÿһ㣬ÿÿʯѾͻһ򡣵ڣҶɵǷˣѾǧʯ
ǧʯʲô
պħ˵żԴʮڣ֮ڣܿ۳һʯѰԴʮ˲Ĵڣһ֮Уʲô鶼ɣҲŪʯԼʲô鶼Ҳûκο£ϼʱ䣬ˣ
˵Ƿ˻ڲӡҡǳʼμӡʱҶɶڿǣǲԼǵȥǿпܻʾ޶ծ
ڣʦԼļǷˣȺ飬ҶɳԴ¿ߣпܾ֮⡣ǰЩɥʱָ
ͥǼǲסʯֻǵǿͨˡôˣʯǱѰ챦Ҫ
Ҷɰҡͷʦ˵лл
Ҷ֪ǧʯΪ֧ǾԲ̨תĵʦΪԼʦܹŵԼĸǾԲ̨гʱҶɾѾʮָмˡڣʦһԼôӴծҶɵĸм֮飬Ա
ħ˵ʯһʺԴʮ˲ʹõͨǧʯֵɱڤʵͨҪöö࡭ҵʲô飬ʦôˣȻһ߸ҿЦһôӴծ񣿡
Ҷɲ֪Լ˼룬Ҳϳٿ£ϵʵͬʱȥ˺εȾ˵ΪǧʯĽͣѾȫˣѾѹûڴࡣǣҶû뵽ǡ
ҵĺͽܣˣЦƺһܹԼͽǲ´飬Լеʮ졣
ҶɾͺЩԾˣķʣú֡
ʦҵʲô飬ܵõĽͣ
Ͳöˡ㾳δҲǰʡ첻ٸҶɶ࿪ЦЦȻ󣬳˵Բ֪Ϊʦȴ顣;ͣ÷ͷ£ͷ㣡
˵ı仯Ҷɲɵ΢΢һ
ѵǧʯֻǿθˡѵ滹࣬ǧʯ౶Ľͣ
ڶͣ±˵һƷô󡣵ʽͥΪʦԳ֣㽫±ƳɳƷ
΢ͣһ£˵һԴʮĳƷ
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Ҷɲһ
±õĲϵȷܺãǣħ˵ס֮±Դʮ챦ϣΪԴʮ챦Դʮ㣿ζţ±ܱ
˵ʦ˵ǣԼʽͥͿӵһǿ챦ʱƾһ챦֮ͥУжǿ߿ԸԼ࿹⣿жǿߣвõԼ
һ챦ڿҶɴ̸ʱ䣬ڿҶһɳ죡
ǣܿ졭
ʦǽͣҲǿ鰡һ㣬Ҿľʧ⣡ҶɿЦţ΢΢ҡҡͷʦģ򲻵ѣҾ׶±
ҶɵʶҶôסԼǳԾ
ܲЩ㲻Ϊ٣ʵսͻͽľˮ׼ҲѾﵽ˺ܸߵĳ̶ȣ
֮ʣݺݵĿ佱ҶһͨȻ󣬷ż˵
ľˮ׼Խ׿ԴʮҲûκ⡣Ҵһ챦ڡЩڣҲԿκζߣ
һ죬һ״챦ҶɵĿռλ֮Сڷһ֮ôĵģҶɵԱߣĬĬɢһȦȦĹâ
ͬʱҲһõ챦֮ӵμԶݵĻᡣ׷ɱҲһ׷㣡
һΣҶɸɴʹסˣһƬհס
ЦİɣͣȻǿģ
ǧʯȻ󣬵ǣȻȲһԴʮ챦ǣһԴʮ챦ôȵһȿڵĿӡܰȫڵ׷ɱȻ˵ڵ׷ɱᡣֻΡǣ챦̶ȣҲԶһԴʮ챦֮Ტۣ
ҶԽĺ棬Լʲô顣ʦ˳ʦһͣ˾ˣ
Ҫ˵ǰ顣Ҳ֮ضȽϱĲáҳô˻ᣬʩչֶΣ֮ȱһ㿪ʩչֶΣӦòʦ˸˰ɡ
ҶĬĬţܿʶʦĽ϶Դǡ֮ض
ĥһҶ벻ʲôüĿңʱҲûʲôʱȥ˼⡣ΪʦĵĸͣȻ
Բ̨ΪʦھͽһΡһΣκ޶ܳ嵽ٲ㣬Ϳɾĳ塣Ϊʦ㣬϶ܹѳסԼĳ嶯սظʺĲΡ
˵ⷬʱƽֳȡĻ棬Ҷζ
ΣޱΣ
뵱꣬Ҷԭýİʱ䣬Դڰ˲Բ̨ǣȴԵҶɸΪԵɣֹҶɼʵǡ
Ȼ죬ȻϿҶɵȴҶɿԵֵס߲㼶ľ޴ջԣŻ־
ڣȴ˵κ޶ܳ嵽ٲ㣬Ϳɾĳ塱
ת䣬ٶ˵ʲôͨĶԱȣڶҶɵγ̶ȣȻʮȷ
Ļ棬͸˵ڶ㺬塣ǾǣѾҶڵ¿һʵǵǳߵľԲ̨֮ȥ
ԭҲͲÿ˵ʲôɾĳ塱ˡҪֻʵǸʮ߰˲ľԲ̨۽磬пۣܿ
еĺ塪
ʺҵĲ𣿡
ҶɵЩƮЩã
죬һˣҶԵϾ⣡
ʱҶɣһغʵԭ򣬱ľΪûͻͽһ棬Ϊȡ棬ȴ۳һԽԽǿ
Ȼ˵Ϊȹ̣ԣҶɿԽϵ͵ľΪȥƾϸߵȻ˵ҲΪҶڵľȫԿס߲㼶ǣһֱʮˮ׼ؽҶɵһЩӰ죡
вӰ죬׾һ⡪ףʲôʺԼľΣ
ʵҶҲѾоԼʮѭʮޣƺЩ̫̰ˡԼʲôֻڱҪʱ򣬱ҪĲ㼶ʼѭޡǣ촫ڸҶɵǸʵķţ⾳һЩҶɵû취Ƿ֮ǿвԼĸֶΡ
ʦ˵ҶɶʱʶʦڸԼԼһʵǾԲ̨ĻᣬǰԵϾ⣡
лʦͣ
ΪʲôͻȻõôĽͣҶҲȥˡֻ֪ÿһͣԼ˵쳣رһͣʮּʱҶɻʶ˵ԼпͨһγԲ̨Ƚǰٵľ⣬һģѵĸֶΣ
ǺЦʲôлģҪлӦΪʦл㣡ʵһӦöһЩ͡ǣ룬ȼŰɣ㾳Щֲʧ

һ˵Ľͣһͥκ˵ĽͣȻȻδҪֲʧҶɸӺˣҶҲףʵԼ롣ʦ˵Լ̫ͣҲס
ϸ˿+±ķڤʵ򽣺Ȼǿ󣬵ǣԼߵķҲֵڤʸϹӦûж⡣ǣҶħһЩ飬һν뵽ˣǾɽ֮ȥ(δ1498.ʹͣڶ
һɽȾأҶɾͿŮ
ôҶЩϲ
ԭҶΪԼõӦľԲ̨Ůһһ档ڣŮȻصɽ֮СǵӣƺڵԼĵ
ܿ죬ҶɾʶԼ˸޴⣬ⲻŵ𣿺ȻʦѾǰͨԼ
˵еŮ˻½ҲһֱͣЦŮҲЦһţδͱһƬЦ׳嵭
Ů´һҶɺǺЦǵĽٶ죬Ŷʱ䣬ǾȻȫﵽԴʮ㣡
ҲҶԶԶ˺氡̾˵Ҷ磬ʦ˵Ѿ۳һԴʮϵ£ò˶ãҶ͹ʸ֮ͥ˰ɣ
ʦҶʮ־ȡ
ǰҶʦǵʦ𣿿׽գգ۾Ҷ˲ʱͻȻ
Ȼ⼸ʱŮһЩֶΣ˵ĻŭŵģĸΪͽܿܣΪָ㣬ŮŽѸ١ǵʣô̵ʱһӽ׵Դʮ㡣
ϧûıġʦָ㣬ǽüҲֻԴʮѡһɥģ΢΢ҡҡͷ
Ƴһۺּ˵ǺãΪɵɡԣпͨǿ챦ӶøӸľ硣Ǽǰﲻæˡ
ûϵҶ΢ЦȰҽǰ֮е⣬ǾԼһ棬ԼһԶͥԶǸǵͣʲôϵ
Ů˵ͷĿҲ˸˵㽡

ã˵Ҷʵǵڼ㣿ĿšԽԽߵҶɣѯʡ
ԭ޵ľԤ֮־֡ڵԴ֮ԾԤȻ˵Ҷɵδ϶ҪǿöࡣڣҶɵʵΪûб̫߳ȥ
𼸸֪ڸղš϶ѾҶɵδֻ迴ôһ㣬ӦÿԤһ£Ҷɵܹʵǵڼ㡣
ǡ
λ㡣ʲôû֮УԻ飬ɵһƬֻһܷ̿飬Ҳһ˵ԤʲôˣδκһֿԣҶ
ҪԤԣȿδȻδ֮仯УҳһԼҪδʩչͨȷΪпܷδ
ǹȥԤ֮ԴĵԭڣģһƬɵδ
Ҫ֪뵱꣬ﻹûнԴ֮ҶȴѾﵽԴ߲㡣ʱ˵ıڴö࣬ǣܹҶɵδ£ҲѯڣȻʲôеʮԻ
㵱ȻԻ󡣡һͶӰɽȾ֮УԿһҵδǣȴܿõκһ˿δΪδѾҳĨȥ
סˣ˶סˡĨȥδʲô˼
Ů֪첻ȥҶɡҪҪҶΣľΪ׾ٵ飿
ǣĨȥδҲ̫˵㡣ŮȻ֪϶ʲô⣬ǣǵϣǲģ¶һ˿ǵ顣
ȴٺЦǼȫǹҡѵˣնδ֮ҲǸһɴཫδͳͳĨˡһδӦԼȥ
Ľͣһ磬ŮǳĿʶҲͬʱŮ飬΢΢˷
ȫԼδ𣿲֪ܴδ

Ů֪Ϊ˽ҶɵδĨȥ쵽׸˶ĴۡҶɸ֪ԴԼػɽȾԼδȫԼ֪ʵĸһһĽ֮⣬Լ˵͡һ춼ò޴ۣܸľ˽ͣ
ʱ˿̣ҶɵעȫʵǾԲ̨֮ϡһһľԲ̨һһ̤˽¡Ѵ֮ģʹӵһ㾳Բ̨ʼһ̤ˣʮ˲㾳Բ̨
￪ʼҪһЩս
ҶɵԾôɣǣҶɵĽ£ȴѾû˸ղŵĴݡµõǸղŵĴݣڵĲĳءԼڴţרԼģδ(δ1499.Բ̨ռܣϣ(
ܶԺҶɲᵽһĬĬڰаԼʦһôҸ顣ʱ˿̵ȫˣһһľԲ̨֮ϡ
һʵǾԲ̨ûдӵһ㿪ʼһΣеľԲ̨˳ԣӵһ㿪ʼǰ
ǰʮ˲㾳Բ̨ɣҶԤϵ顣ʮԼ֪ԼԸ⣬Լıʱֱ嵽Դʮ˲
ӵʮŲ㵽ʮ㣬һ·һЩѲң
Ȼ˲٣ǣȴûκͰ֮СҶףԼϵʮ㾳Բ̨Ӧûκ⡣
ʵϣһΪ̾жȥƶϣ˵ʮˣʮ㣬ҲӦûκ⡣ǣҶ֪ʵϸ߲㼶ľԲ̨֮⣬ҪǣѰҳʺԼľΡԼģʵֶΡ
ҵĸоûдôʺҵľ㼶Ӧþʮŵʮ֮䡣һ·ҿߵøһЩ۲øϸһЩ
ľԲ̨صڣѾһ㾳лֵͰ֮һһƳ˳ʵǾԲ̨ǿߣȫͨһ㾳ϣȥ˼ܴڵ⡣Ǳõķӳ
Բ̨ص㡣ٿ԰ҶѰҳЩܵģԼľΡڴֶΣʱҶɻӦôʵǾԲ̨ʱɹ
ȻʦѾ޵˵ˣô϶ϣףѲɣһؾ֮⡣ЩԲ̨ܣ
ţȻһâҶɵ۾кȻ˸Ҷ뵽ֿԡ
澳ԴΪ㣬澳Դ˿һǰܸǿľ谭֮⡣ÿһطܶͨ͡
ǡڲ澳ԴȴֻһԲ̨˵ﾳϷаǣϾڲռ״ʹáȽڲ澳Դƺֲƣ
Բ̨ǳɱ¾֮Ŀռãɡǣáȴûкõǳŵĳ̶ȡȥҶû⡣ڣѰ󾳽Բ̨İʱҶȴʶԼƺʲôʡ
һΣ
ֻոߵ˵ڶʮ㣬ҶɾͲǰС˵ģͷ۷˻
ʱ˿̣Ѿص˵ʮԲ̨ϣϥĿޡ˵ǿʼǣԾɷĶãעҶɵĽչ
Բ̨ܶࡣǣκһĽǶȣȥԼԼܶĲ㼶ڿԶĳҶɵĺȻͣ٣ȻתŮһֻûпףΪʲôҶɺȻֹǰֺȻ۷˻
˾޴ϰҲӦһʱ䰡ΪʲôȻ۷
˿ףǣȴԾģûнסҶɣûдҶɡ
쿴úףǣͶӰϣҲ޾ϲģû¶κɡ
ҶҲûȥ۲ʦı飬ֻԿһۣ΢΢ʩ˸Ȼ󣬾һδӵһ㿪ʼʵǡ
һΣߵʮֻ
пֱܿ仯ǰɣһλţٶ˾޴ķ˭һۿ˭֪϶ʲô֡
ѵ㾳Բ̨ʲôܣ
Ȼ۷´ӵһ㿪ʼߵ˻£ֻΨһһͲܽͨȻ³ˣҶΪʲô۷ǣȴûжΪǲȥҶɣҶʧȥҪѰҵĿꡣֻǣϵõҶԼҲ֪ԼѰʲô
˵ţٶȣ˵̫˵㡣һ㾳Բ̨ҶɾȻʱ䣬һվȥٶȣҲʵ˺
˸еǣһϵһ㾳Բ̨Ҷɣ̾ͼǰСǣվǵһ㾳Բ̨֮ϣ΢΢۾վ
һվʱ䡣һվ͸ñֳԾǣǵĴҶɡ£ͻ۷ѧҶɣţһ⣬վǵһԲ̨֮ϣĲʮʱ䡣
ʱ䣬һζʱŮԽԽ͡죬ҲԽԽе˿˿ѹ
ĨȥδѲɣܴȾ޴ıʣòǣѾǸռܡ(δ1500.Բ̨ռܣУĸ
ģţʵǡ
ģɰľ
ڣҶһ۾ڣҶһ˽Ų˶е־ȵǣҶɲǰȥǺһӣ˻ص˳ʼ֮أ
˼˼Ҷɵϣ¶һ˿صЦݡ̧Ųͨһ㾳Բ̨֮ϣݺݵ̤һ
ֻҽţݺݵ̤һԾԭأ˿
ֹŹֵľٶñҲסĶҲˣȫվȫ˸žĿ⣬Ҷɣ²ܵľٶ
ջؽȻºݺ̤һ
һӣŸݺݵҲ̤һ
Σݺݵһ̤϶ʲôش̤֡ô棬Цôģ
գע֮£Ҷջ˽Ųûмǰ̤ȥҲûٶ⾳Բ̨κ顣תԼʦͶӰǺЦԭ澳Դ
ǰ澳ԴҲǺЦֻϧСӾǲϽȥ
ЦžϲЦϧ
û뵽ҶɷǸռܡû뵽ԼټۣҶɵδĨȥ׸Ҷɰ󣬳Ҷӵһġ޵ġɵδСӾȻԼôľϲ
ǣҲޱϧΪȻռܣȻռܸܿԼľ޴棬ǣҶȴջ˽Ųȴһˣ˴ԼԴ֮
ͽܣʵѰ澳Դ֮ǰѾѰ˺ܶԪʱ䡣澳Դ֮ѰѰɸԪ
ǣҵģȴֻҶһ
ԵĻĺǿҶɽԼĵСǣȴ֪飬ǿ
˵Щ۲Ӵ̫ϲԼյͽܡţݼڣ͸ԼͽܵǡټԵ
Ҫ֪⾳Բ̨ʱôѽ֮ͥУЩڿధ챦ҲδţδЩڵżǣöʵǻᡣ
ֻšʵһΡţһζ롣춨ĹأԪδĹĹءǣΪԼͽܣȴĵģԼĹء
ҶɿöЦҶҲ֪Լܶܶࡣ
վڵʮ㾳Բ̨ϵıˣʦİпܽ׵ôѸ٣Ҫ֪ȻǵҪȷǵȴǿ١ǣȴҲڶʱڣ嵽ǵȳ̶ȡ
ҶѾʱ䡣Ҷ֪ʦİз֣ҺͺħҲص̩ɽһ˿û¶
ǣҶɻǲУҶɻҪԼ·ԣȻʦЦݡǣȴûκĶ
ʦ⾳Բ̨׻ŶܰҶɹ˻⣬ֻǺЦռܶѾҷˣСܣ͸¶һϢ˰ɡ
ûĺһܶأԼȥң
ҶɹЦЦ¶һ֪ˡı飬תһʵǾԲ̨ˡ
һ̧ͷ˱˵ģԻ۾
ɣҸǽ
ԾҶɵߣǿҶɣֿ졣
ʦռܣ𣿡
Сӳǣħֲš˵ͰգǼͱŽ澳ԴˡʵʵǵľԲ̨ɲ˴Ҳ̫
澳Դ
ˣ¶˾顣ĸ˵Ŀ⣬ˢˢģǵһľԲ̨֮ϡ
ѵﻹܽһʱգ
ҶЦҡҡͷǣ￪ʼһַʽʵǾԲַ̨ʽʵǣܿ澳Դ
澳ԴʲôʲôԴʱ䣬ˣҲѾ֪澳Դֵ
죬ʦ֣ǴӺζΪ̫ںԼͽܣӶƸ񽫱ҲΪͽܡͽ֮ǰҲ˵˸װס
Ҷ͵ʱ򣬱ˣȻ̧֮ͷһһʵμľԲ̨ʶҶɵҳʲôռܡ
ɣǸνռܣǿЩԲ̨ʦԴ֮Ǹ澳ԴʵΪĿĶڣ
˵ûˣҶɺǺЦ(δ1501.Բ̨ռܣ£(һ
ԭΪʦĵԴ֮󣬷תءǣҲ֪ʵ̤ԴʼѾԴ֮
ҶɸտʼʽͣĻñٴλȻرǺӦΪǿҡ
Ҳ˵ӵһ㾳Բ̨ʼѾ˳ֶΣ˼˵ѹ֣ҵһͨһ㾳Բ̨ľʱÿһַʽͻơֻǿ㶼ѡͬͻƷʽҲͬȥˡ
һ仰ʯ쾪
ҶɾȵҪ׷ʼ䣬ɴһǵһ㾳Բ̨֮ǰͽܣ˵һַʽͻƸΪʦ
ǡЩΪѵģͷ˿Ҷɡ
֪ҶΪʲôѡ˲ĴСԴ֮һ̶ȣԴ٣Ĵڣпͳͳ飬ҶɲԸ⿴ġ飬ҲͬǺԸ⿴ġ

ЩǿߣΪ˸ĵʵĵβ
ЩǿߣΪ˱ñȱ˸ǿΪܹȺۣ˶ڽ£β
ЩǿߣֻΪĳֲòȥԵ飬òԼøǿòȥҶɾĴڡ
뵱꣬ǺܿزۣҲѡ̤֮·Ϊ飬Ҳһֱȥʱ뱱ʵûж߾ĳ嶯ĽϣԭΪţʵȤ
ڣǰ֮еͷ̫ҶҲûر嶯ĵֻǾǴС˵Դ֮ҲûжȤ뿪棬ʼһβ֪δó̡
ҶɲǰǿߣĸӣҲͬĴڡرǺΪҶɵĴڶڡҶɵǣҶ࣬ǣҲͬࡣҶɲԸȥԴ֮øҶɽġҲͲԸȥԴ֮
ǣ֪ʦԼһ˵ĶݡǡܹоҶԼŵģʦΡŤͷһۣΪѡ
ΪѡҶҲͬЩΪѡ
ʦûԴ֮绹ڵԭ򣿡
һιžŰʮһ㾳Բ̨ռܡҴǰʮ㣬ҵ㣬Ӧûжʮһ㣬˳໥Ӧʱͻߵյ㣬Ϊġ⼸ϼһȴ֮ԱǣǾãǵĵȷĵ
辶ģֻһǶԴʮһĴڣΪ辶ֲֻԴʮһĴڡ
ǶﵽԴľͷǶоԴֻžŰʮһ㣬ΣټȥԣǲſʼǲſʼоǲҪͨĵܿġԴ
ֻңΪԴǿԴΨһֶΡҲΪߵյ㣬粻ڣ߷Ͷڡ
ȻҲϣȷģҵԴ֮ȷʵпܻһСҵҲͬԥԣ㲻ԸҵĴУҲû̫
֪࣬˸׼ȷģھԲ̨Դ֮ܡҶɶΪô࣬ʦҲͽˡԼѡ񣬾Ǻѡ񡣿ǣû뵽ͣһ֮ȴֽ˵
ǣһβͬͲһֳ֮˵һǳҪ⣡
ǳҪ⡱첢û̾˵ǣҶһ䣺
ɣ㲻Ǻܺ棬ΪʲôΪʦͻȻôĽȻΪʦӽˣҲǣΪʦʮȷĸ㡣Ϊ±֮ضΪʦ˾޴ʮһԴ֮ΪʦѾһЩüĿ
ΪʦԴ֮ʮ㴦Ѿ̫Ԫʱ䡣ΪԭΪʦŻᴴ澳ԴŻøģǳ͵ǿߡԴûдﵽǿߡ뵽ʱΪѰҸӺʵ״ӣҲΪˣ۲棬һЩ˼άǶȡ
ôԪΪʦΪƻܲгɹϣˡǣû룬ΪʦȻôͽܣͽܣȻȢôһʺϴʮһԴ֮ţ
ɵ׶Ĺȥ֣ڳΪ֮󣬻ˣ±Ƶɾ壬Ϊĺֻ֮Ǳʣַͨʽִݸһ𣬾ͳһʴʮһԴ֮Ĵڡ㡣ʺϽԴ֮
˵˵ţһ˷ܵã졢
ΪʦҲƭǣ̤һ·ʼԴ֮ôûлͷ·ߡѾӵˣָоûⷢӦÿԳɹ̤룬澳Դ
ɱȣʲ̫ࡣΪʦƣҪԪʱ䣬ǰʮԴ֮
ʮһԴ֮ҪԼȥ졣ʮһ㾳Բ̨ҪԼȥ죡
ΪʦҲ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ܽʮһԴ֮ΪʦҲ֪˳ʮһһ໥Ӧʱ׻ᷢʲô顣Ϊʦֻ֪Ϊ໥ӦΪʦѾ̫ʱ䣬ΪʦϣΪʦǣȫΪʦԸ
ò˵Ҷ˸ʦȻʮּǣȴûǿбȡ첻Ϊǿбȿʵ䷴ΪıԵʣҿǿԸһаڿ˵Ըֱͽǵѡ
һѵѡ
Բ̨ռȫ⿪˶֪㵱ҶɣѡԴ֮Ҳܻ硣
ģǱ֮ڵʱ˶֪һΣпܵ糹𣡣
Եж˭֪죬Ҳֻܲ²⣬޷ȷ֪ʵδ
ǣһδԿ϶Ǿǣ϶ԴʮһԴ֮
Ҷɲ֪ΪʲôʺϴʮһԴ֮ĴڡʦȻ˺ܶ࣬ǣҶڵľ۹⣬ס
ҶȴܸоʦûƭԼ
ʲôƭأ
˵Ѿ𾪵ˡ̹ϲ֪δĽҲҶɵ˴˾޴ѹҪƭˣȫԱһԳ
磬ΪҶɵΪĴڣڴ󳹴򣬷Դ֮ȫȷ
磬ΪԭԴ֮ʵ磬ʵǵǣңò֮֡
ûû˵֤û˵ٻڣԲ̨ռܳ׽ҿڣܹԲ̨ס족ĴҲѾվǵһ㾳Բ̨֮⡣
ҪҶɵѡ񣬾ҪҶɵĻش

ĬǿԤ顣ʱ˿̣ҶɵʮֵĻҡ
ӦǲӦ
ѡ񣬶Źеס
ӦֵܳĶȻٶ˵ʲôҲпܶûн鲢ûֲ˵ܻþ޴㲻ã˳໥֮δ𣬺ȴܳԽ磬ġԴ֮ȥ
Ӧǿܵ𣬾ͻ᲻ڡǣӦ˵ͻԶʧȥ֪ĻᡣҪǣ˵ʦΪһεشۣʲôõı仯
ɽȾأΪҶɵľþóĬһʮѹֵϢȴû쵽ѹϢƵãҶɳĬ˴Լʱ֮һο˵
ɣΪʦԱ֤úΪʦĴУôЩǰ֮УΪʦʰˡ壬Ϊʦʰˣ
ᱻΪʦΪ̳ˡ֮ͥе칬ھ͹ں
ӣǵǣΪʦҲƴܹ׵߲㼶
һŵһջ󡭡
ʮԼյͽܣΪջĶ֮Ի˵ֻΪЩӦĳŵ֮Ի˵ΪҪҶɸĸоԼ̹ϣԼУԼ
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ҶͻȻĿһɫһƽ˵ʦЦҲ̫˵ɣһҲͬô죿

Цʱ(δ1502.Ҷɵľڶ
ҿЦġҶϷʵĴЦ
СӣЦһ˵ͷ֮оˣΪʦҲĵ
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ʦһҪ󡣡Цһ֮Ҷɳ˵ϣʦܰһָ䡣֪Ϊʲôǰһ𣡡
ŶĿҶɣԼ𣿡
ǺεȴڣҶɵ뷨һ۾ܿܶʱ첢Ը⶯Լ飬ȥ˲²⣬չҶɵһΣΪȽ⣬춯һֶΣһ۾ͿҶɵ˼
Լ𣬹Ȼˬ졣ָ䣬ɾͲôˬˣ
ֱ˵ģҶеı׶ˡ
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ڳҶɵʱ򣬱˵ҶɵǰһˣҶǰʮ߰ҲѾ˸
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Ҷֻ֪ҪԸ⣬Լǰûκ˽ԡ
ҶҲ֪Լʦʵܺá̫áǳá¡ԼʦͲԼκ˽
֮ԻӦʦΪѾһᾡԼŬںġԴʱ򣬾˳໥ӦٱҲҵ
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ںġԴΨһģȫİ취
Ҷõֶθ࣬뷨Ҿܷϵܣ
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᲻֪ҶԭֻҪϣЯңڡǰػɽȾصʱҶɾѾŮŵҲѾ
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ڣȴ˵ԺͲҪʦȡУҶɾ͸оһ־޴ѹ
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ҪȫԼͱغǿԼͱںôǿ֮ǰǰɾ͸߾磬ӵиǿ
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ԴӰΪʦ֮Ҿ͸Ӳǿҵ顣ûĿ飬ֲܵõȺİֿʲôԽ
ΨѹֿԡʦѹһҪԼӸѹ
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죬Ȱһ¡ǣ룬ˡ
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ʱҶɻ֪ԼδѾøɸɾԼԺҲᱻδ֣סԼֽšǳɣǰܣѾȫȡԼ
ָһ㾳Բ̨˵ԭһǸŵܸ㡣ڣ˵Ҳļ䣬ҰǸ֮ȥҵǸ֮ڣԼ侧ʯָܻ䣡
ǸʵķţҶػ⾳Բ̨ûϵȻݱⷬģҲͬûϵǿѰŮУȻһԼԸĴڡ
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ȻҶɲṳ̂ϸߵľԲ̨ȻҶҲûаͣĳطһʱ䡣ǣȴǿǱչֳ

ڤڤѾ˽ʮʱ䡣ҵİг֣ڤҲס򽣺յĹ
ڵǣ˭κβ˭
ڤʵ򽣺Ȼܽ¡ҵʵΪȼڤҪǿ̫࣬ǣܷӳʵսȴֲԸıս֡
ԣҺһսĽؼҶɡԣҺͺħһֱйעҶɵı仯
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ڤֱǿˣȥҿ϶䣡
ʮ꣬ʲôϡ档ȼսʱӳǧ򱶣Ҳûʲôϡ档
ڤҲţϾڤ˺ںڳɷڤ⡣ڲڳɷǿвּڤ֮֮⡣ǿߣȥ
Ҫ֪ڤɳħڤ;ŻڤڤʷˡսҲֻһһȥսڳɷ˶ǡس֮ս⣬ڤǿֻ֮һһ
ȻõţڤʾͿԳֵԼ¡ڤеĵһڣڤеóıԵĴڡɵģΪʲôڳɷʧܵĿɬʵ
Ȼڤʲڤʡ
ڤڡڹȻսڳɷȻϷȵ顣ԣڤµƬ򡣼ֱǻҲ̶á
ڤȴڣȴʩչֶΣãԼΪȥΥڳɷڣҪԼѾλǳڤֻҪһ仯ɡ
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Ҷڤһս޳ǵһض֮СֻҪ˲뿪⴦ض죬ûдض죬˵սͲᲨ޳ǡ
ڤһڤʸǸʩչֶΣǽ⸣ض֮Уָһաʵʱճһʱսһʱȥˣ߱˷
һ޳Ǿ͸ܵκβһڤڤеģߵȼսڤʡڤ֪ڤʡڤֵ֮½š
һУƺܺϺģڤ֮ս
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һ޺֮Ǽڤʵ˳
κһȥԵڤǿ߶ó޺֮ڤޡǣڤʵڣôڤ޴ڣ
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κһڤǿ߶֪ڤ޵Ĵź̵ܿҪһĻڤ޾ͻȻ
ڤռݵڤ֮Уûڤ޴ڣûʺڤ⻷
Ҳû˵ĸڤǿб½ԼĿռλ棬ʺڤ⻷Ϊڤǿ߳Թڤڤдֻȴû˳ɹ
ֻڤӵ򣬲ʺڤڤġڡҲ
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ڣһƬһθųڤҲֲ֮㣬¹ĹԹĵ˵ıˣڤ޵ս֮ϡ
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仰˵ʵֻҪӵ֮ӵڤޡڿռλڤޣûʲôϡ档
ǣûڤ֪ܣҶյǸͽڤȻѾתȡ֮ǣ֪Ķܶܶࡣ
ڤ֪֮͸֪ܡڤڴһ޺֮ʱΪǼڤʴģڤصʲôͨ
µֶûʩչڤʺٺЦڤҵҪڤûб򽣺ոǿֶΣ
ڤʿȻǷ񶨡ϾڤʸûϵŸڤʶûϵڤʾȻš򽣺աôǿֶΡ
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ڤʿֶܴΣڤʾѾˡڤʻʩչڶ൱ֶΣڤʾҪǿǣǲӦкڤ棬ϽԶ뿪ڤʻʩչǿֶΡ
ôܣڤʰЦţҡҡͷ
ǣڤʾãһμڤʩչģʲôģܲǺǿֶʱ޺֮øӿ񱩣֮͡䣬ڤʾͻˣԼһ뿪ڤڤ򣬵һβڤޣȴͷڤΧĲ£
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棬ŵ±ʮսڤѾòϣʵĺܣ
ڤΪڤʩչͨԼıҼ䡣ͨҪĿģΪ˶ҡԼս־ԣڤʾΪ±ʵܼʵʡԼһ±İɱȥ
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ڤ޴ڤʺǺЦڤ棬Ϳ˰ɡڤڤġڤ޴
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ڤʺɫʱʮֲ԰ףҪǱЩڤ޸ΧˣԼҲѲƤ
˵Ǽڤڵ޺֮ǵûͣϢʧ˻֮ӿɲζţиڤޣǼڤͷų
ʱ˿̣ڤʸûʱ䣬ûоȥ˼ΪʲôڤܹԼĿռλ﻿ڤޡϽһ챦סԼ档
챦һֻڤڤ֮ǶʱʱһƬͨ졣һɽðỤ̃һʱð˳Щڤ޶ԴʮľΪҲû˲ƣͨһƬɽʱգ
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ԴʶڤôԴӸڤ˲ԸڤʻûʧǣֻҪһ룬ߵڤޣڤޡ
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˵ҶڴˣҶҲڤʽ±Ҷɻû޴ȥ顣
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Ҳ˵ôڤʲԶĹԼֻǼڤʺԵģͼıԶ⣬ҶɾͲڤں治ܡ
ڣƶƻǺħִмƻҡսİлǰдˣһμԶݵƾ˲ͷţʹ±˲뿪һض죬˲뿪޳ǣ
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ǰλڸԻʹսڤʴڣȺģĽһáǶҵľٶȣһ˿޷Ƶ
ٶȣڤȫʩΪҲܴõҪӵһ챦ԺٸڤîϣͿڲ֮أ
ڤȻѾоˣڤ޵ֶΣʵ˳Ծǣӵһ챦Ȼڤڤô࣬ôǿҲ
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һڤ챦ܹһͳڤڤڤĽ£Ҳ뽫챦
һڤʣһסһڤʣȫģ޳ǡǺ棬һڤڣһӶӶڤ˴ƺƵģͬһĿĵأٱжȥ(δ1505.ڤͣ£ڶ
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ЩԶͶڤѹвõڤʵİΣǣֻҪڤƿƣ׼뿪һض졣ôҪ뿪һ˲䣬Щڤѹ̾ͻתɣһʱյв
ܶʱֻ̫ͨҪõǡôܴЧ
ڤʺôǸڸڤԵĴڣпܲЩԼڤѹΪʲôĿĶڡڤʲҾ뿪ֻһµ챦
Ϳɫڤӿֳܿ죬ڤʾͱЩɫţӰѸʧۼڤʩչʲôͨҲڤʵĴڡ
һΣڤ΢΢üͷ
ȻСʲôͨ
ֱϡڤʵıӦûǺɫģ״Ĺֶ档ֻǣһʱڤʲ֪Ӧôƿɫķ
ڼڤЩɵʱǵһڤȻԽػɽǺɫ˹ȥǵľѹʼշֳһ˿ϵڤʵϡڤɫ֮УʧЩͷԼ򵥵ڤޡ˵ģͽǺɫ򵱳ˣҪĶ
ǰʮͷڤޣڱýϽʱ򣬳Ǻɫһ˻𡣾Ϳһƺɫͬһ㣬Ǻɫ棬һǳһСӡ
ЩСӴڵʱ䲢Ҳɲǵʱ䡣Ǿһһָƽ
ֻôڤ޵ĹǺɫս޷ʱָǡüڤʸеʮֳԾǣոշ˹ʮͷڤޣСӵĿٻָҲһġή
⵽شǱ䣬ֻǵġûʲô񡱡ôŹֵ顣ڤⱲҲͷһο
ֻңµķţ
ڤޣʹڤޣǼڤʴ·š
ڤҲԼزطţֹŹֵֶΣһʱ䣬ڤʾãʱֹͣƺҲûʲô취
ڤʵĹͣôƴ˳ڤʾܴᣬʱ뿪һض졣ǣָоڼڤʵתô߰˸ɲǵʱ䣬ܿ죬ڤʾҵ˽취
ûʲôرĺô֣ս󣬲Ҫ飡
Ϊʲôڤ޷˳Ϊʲô֪ڤǿԹۣҲϧǿԼĻڤޣΪĲǽս󣬸ԼһһȲΥڳɷֿԲΧ׷½ڤսڤʹ챦˳ȥڤȴڹһɫ֮С˵ֶȻüڤʳԾǣڤʵļƻȴһԼȥ
ֻʱ˿̣ڤʲûԤϵڤڤŵϺŵڤǿߣȫСС޳ǣж

䣡
ϵĺǺɫ򲻶ϷͬʱڤߵڤޣҲһͷһͷģήȥ
ǣиڤޣӼڤʵĿռλ˳ЩȫûӵڤޣȫֻԼͣȥԸԼĵˡ
Ѿ㹻ˣڼڤ˵ͣѾ㹻
䣡
ֳ֮˲һϢʱ䡣ڣǸڤʵĺɫ򣬱һͷڤ޸һض죡
ڣ
һĨϲɫӼڤʵһָԼڤޣ׷Ǹɫ򣬴һض˳ȥ
ʱ䣬޳ڣ˻̿֡һͷͷȻֵڤޣ޳ǵڤǿǲ֪룡
ûз飬ûڤڤгֹڤޣȻϢ֮䣬鲼С޳ǣ
˳µģڤǿ߿ʼ˷ֻܱЩ͵ڤ޸̳Ե
ǣķҲͱˣڤʽԼһսֵĽڡڷųڤ޴ʱ򣬼ڤʴľһʯ⡪
ȿڤʣֿڤڤʡڤǿڤ棬ڵĺͣ
ֻǣڤûϵǡ(δ1506.ıǽϣ4000ִ£
ڤ
鿴޳ǣҲڤ棡
ʶ˲佫ڤ˳иǣҲڤ棡
ʶɲ֮䣬ͽڤ˳ͳͳǣԾҲڤ棡
ⲻܣ
ڤЩˣôЩĿģΪڤ
һʯĿ꣬Ҫ̶Ҳкڼڤʿʲôɱ϶ͷڤʣʲôڤʡڤڤҪ
ڵ״ٺñ䲻뿪һƬ򣿡
ССĻһӣڤʺܿͻָʼϵԼһ£ѰҶɵ䡣
ⲻϵãһϵڤʵ˲ͺˡ
Ȼȫˣ
˴ڤôĶڤܺ޲
ڤųǧڤ˴޳ǵķ򼲱ڤܺ޲
ʮЩʣȻЩʽǰ̶Ϣʱڷǣͨ鲼ڤеߣǺܿ͵õ˽Ϊ׼ȷϢǼڤڤභʱϢѴݽ߶ǿֶΣڤв޷֪ڤһСڤӦڤʣ׷
ԭˣڤȸٶȵ˲Ƴȥ˺Զʮֹ䲻ھȻͬʱǿ챦
ڤʺ޺޵šһͬˮһ㣬ȥ
ڤ֪ͷβѹ´
ҶɸûеõʲôڡĴ裬ҶɵֶȫԼ
±ҶԼļҵħĸ֣ҲΪҶɵԭԲſϳְæǸνġڡǵûдҶʲôľͱҶɵֵܺħˡħ֮ԻΪһ̵Ǹڡ
ڤµõԼעֻܱһ滪ıǽ
Ҷɸո̤ڤʱ򣬼ڤʾͲʲôڳɷֻ̳ɱҶɡô滪ıǽнϴвԡ
ڼ򽣺յͬʱڤʶԼԼıԴô컹ľ͵̳ˡҶɾֻб˲ķݡ
ֻϧûˡڵļڤʣ滪ıǽҶһƵ
ڤʶ顣Ҳ˭ܲµõҶɾȻţһʦҶɱȻţ浽ڶ̶һʮʱӵתǬľ
ڤ֪Ҷʹ챦˲뿪ڤ֪ĳһطǼ챦Ҷʧڤʲ֪ѾԼĿˡΪҶɿһֱȥ򣬵Լڳһ̣ʱ̣
ȥңȻǼһﶼڳɷˣҼڤҲûʲôùǵˡõֶΣͳͳó
żڤʵ޳ǣмڤʵܼĵطȫ˾κˡ
ʱ˿̣ڤʾԼɵ档ԼĥţοԸ˵οοڡƻڳɷ£ս󡣿ǣ˸ͲЩǿǼ챦ľٶ֮Ǿͺԥģɱ˹
һ̫˼ԼˡҪŪڵĺֵͣ˼Ǯڤǿָָ㣬ҲӦһһ㶨һУ
ڤʺЩڣţҪǲħڤ;ŻڤǽΪȷľҪħڤ;ŻڤԳҶɵĵӣȻԼҶκᣬǽΪȷľ
ǣڤʲ֪ҶҪҪսڤµõҶ֮ԻڤڤѹΪˣڤڤ֮Уһս
ֻкħһС
ٺ٣ӣⷢʲôսսķ𣬾ʹǣ
һıʣħͿٽʶ˻ʵҲðȥֻǼȡţԽԽ֮ħӦÿԲµõ׷ʲô仯
ҶɵԭƻڤǵһؼԼɱڤսĳһڤʣǵڶؼ
ؼ㣬ȷೡսЩСսתȡ㹻֮
ȻҶɾͻתȥԹȥѰЩ˵ϢҶšСʫڿ϶ѾǹţֻҪܹҵСʫץסСʫ˽⵽ϸ顣
ǣƻûгչڤûСΧսҶҲûȷȡĳڤʵľʱҶֻڼƻУһշڤ壬ڤһս¼ƻȴһݱģ
ʱ˿̣ħ֪澳ԴУϷݱ䣬󡣺ħֻǵΪǰı仯Ϊ֮ԽԽŨеϲе
١Ҷ磬ôѹȥ֮Ҫȫˡ
Ҷ硣ٲѹȫ˰ҪٲȡЩ֮սƽϢȥЩ֮ͻûӰˣ
֮֮Ҫķżȡܹ̻Ϊá
νڤ顣һּȡ̻֮챦ħʮ϶ڤ飬̰ļȡЩ֮
ԼȡڤҲ޷ȡףôЩ֮ͻỹԭȥָνģڳ˺֮
СһӣڿҶĻ˿ʱ򣬺ħһҧͼӿԼȡ֮ٶȡ˲ʱ䣬Ҷߵ֮ͱϡ˲١֮ȫħȡ˽ȥ
ˬ
ħãоֱȵϣǴοʯ綸
ʯĻᣬ½󶼲ˡǣֻ֮ȴǴץ
ݻڤ˴ڣⱾǴ˵ûе顣ԭԺħͲ²ΪʲôݻȴڡǣΪҶɣԣһоͱʮ͸ܴڡ
ҲȤȻôӣԼסħһ̰֮һ߰ţıˣԺ󣬻ж֮ж֮
뵱꣬ħǱŸľģڣѰıˡʱĺħʮȻܿΪشԲòҵĶʱյƫԶش档ǣһ쭡Լ»Ǻѵֵ
ڣҶɴôЩʱ䣬ħȴԽԽţԼ϶ܹ³ɣ
˿ߵģǸԾû˿Ҷɡħеĸм֮飬ȻԾȻϡ
֪һҶܹ׺εȲ㼶ӦñȲＳȡ֮ɡҪǸҸʱ䣬£ҶϣԴʮĲ㾳磡
Ũ֮ԴԴϵ֮ħ˾޴ǰ嶯
ħҶɣɲںʲôġֻרǰ̣ܳ嵽ʲô㼶ʲô㼶
ħŽΪδϾǸͥǿߣĿΪԣħӵţԽԴʮǱ
˵֮׵ҪͬһԴĺħȻҲ͸ʺɡ֮֮Ĵ̼£ԷٳɳǿԼǱøǿԼδøӹ
ֻҪӵгʱ䡭
Ҷɻħʱ䣬ʱҶɻҪǾԲ̨ϲʵǡȻ˵ҶɵʵٶѾԽԽԵľѹѾԽԽֲǣڣòų
ֻϧڤʲħֳʱ䡣˴ڤʣҲħǣϢʱ䡣׷սŸոճµʱ䣬¡һ±һɾݺһײħȵķ֣ԼȻʮͷ۵ڤޣΧסˡ
ǵİɣң㶼ǰʾģ
ҳˣûʲôǣûǰʾ͸¶գ
Ȼȥħҡǣħȴʮ϶ǵ˵ֶ̫ǿˡҲûǰΣգ޷ǰʾˣħȻţǣʵйеľ壬ͻиоģԼ
ڤʣȻиǿֶΣ
ںħŵʱǼڤʵһ±ը
ڤ棬ҿӣ
ӣ
ûˡ
ǰָʮͳͳĴָҲδȫ͵±˾޴ĸ
ԣûпˣΨһս
ս
ħոոҹͨһ£ȴһڤʵʱǼڤ˲ͨúħģһӳ˵ס
ӵֶΣȻֻԴʮľ磿
ħĿţ±Ͽյģһ˫˫۾ãԼ꣬Ϊһ˫˫ۣ֮˲(δ1507.ıǽУĸ
ڣϼɼҸص
꣬ɷԨڡ
ԭ±ڣǺħ渣ءǣڤʵһʽͨȴӲĽһ渣أԨ
ħľΪȻȲϼڤʣǣͥȺ粻ǿĴ۹⣬ȻǼڤһӶڵǿ߿֮ᲢۣڤڤЩǿ߿֮ȡ
һʽ֮ͨ󣬼ڤʾͰռ֪챦֮жǿߴڣҲ϶жôǿķ֮ˡڼڤʿԼһʽͨһ֣ҲⶳԵֵ
ķôıԴ֮걾ԴҲ˽֮һߣҪΪڴЩôʩչһʽͨ
ڤߵģʹʹڤޣ±ڡǣüڤû뵽ǡ
Ȼôǿķ
һͷͷڤײͷĿѣʱ򣬼ڤʵ಻ݺݵһֺܲõĸоȻϮͷ
ڤʺܿͰĵĸоԺΪ˷ǿ֮⣬ûʲô֡
ڤʵһʽͨϾ⾳˵ãħףӦԴʮӵе⾳ȻħܹƾԼĳǰ۹⣬еĶߣʱԡ±ķǣħϾѵֵһʽͨ˳ƷȥȴҲûʲôԡ
Ҿ͸Ӳã־ܸߣսԶûлָĴڡڵʵսȲϺħڶʢڣڤʵһʽͨ˵ãҲ߱ɸ㶨
ԣڤʾǲõĸоܻĵҲж׼ȷֻǺħôһսڤӮˡ
ǣڤȴ֪ЩһֱԼĸͲҶɡȵҶˣԼֻһ棬ıǽ

ʮ㣡
Ҷʵµһ㣬ĵĹЦš顣
ܲһعؼϣǱͻˣĵ˵ͷ˵Щħ¾ҪزסˡǼʵǣǳȥս
ھͳȥսֱ׾١ںħҶɱľΪûߣҶɵԾɻǡʵϣҶɵȷʵûκα仯ǣҶɵıȴѾӵԴʮɵľΪ
ֻǾΪﵽԴʮ㣬ҲѾͬﵽӦļԲ̨ɲֻаǿãԲ̨㼶ĲǿߵҲӦͬȫǿķʱ䡢ȥãҲͬǾԲ̨ͥҪԭ֮һ
ڤôֻԴʮѡνġڤޡԴʮͨڵҶ˵ֱϡƽֶζѡ
ΨһһֱڣҶɻܿ۵ͨ򽣺աԼڤʵʵʩչҲܹɶѡҶҪԴʮľΪȥԸһʽֻͨñҲܳɹƵûκ⡣
ѯҶɣȻĿġ
ѾһҶ뿪澳Դͻ澳ԴҲûԴǿ߿ԽҶɣܽ칬ҲٸҶֻᡣ
ԣҶ˵ںܳһʱٽþԲ̨Լʵһ뿪Ժֻǿһ磬һŬŬԼ
˵ҶɼּʵǡôͲò±ƣҺͺħ˫˫ս˫˫ľ޴ա
Ҷɻôѡ
ѯʣΪ֪Ҷɵѡڼڤʻû±ʱǰҶδգⲢҪҶ¸˼ʱ䣬Ҫʱ򣬹ҶɵľΪ
ôѡ񣿻᳤ʱԥ
찵ԼҲ֪ѾȫûδδҪԼȥҶɣ׻εѡ񣬵׻ʲôʱ򣬷Լѡ
ѯʵʱΪҶɻῼǸϢʱ䡣쿴ܹϢʱһʮֹľϣһͻĿˣҶɾֹˡǣû뵽ǡ
һڤҲҪԳ֣
ѯֻ֮ȥɲǵʱ䡣Ҷǲ糰ĵĻӦ̴˹ʱ䣬ǿ죬Ҳɵסˡ(δ)
psһˣǸ1508.ıǽ£һ4000ִ£
췢֣ԼΪҶɶ㶵Ĵ±ⱲΪˣ·㶵ĴҪöࡣ
㲻ȥƾԵסڤʣ̲סʵ
סһ군ҶɺǺЦţʡ
΢΢üͷ˵֪֮ǰѾڤ塢ڤڸӦǣڤ廹ܸһڤڤȻܺãǣʱ仹̫ˣʱ޷ڤ࿹⣡
ڤܸڤ࿹ΣǼڤڤڿǲ٣ڤڤҲܶùôڤ
ҶЦ΢΢ҡҡͷĿ⳯ǸߵľԲ̨˹ȥ
ЩˣҲӵĺ档ԭû̫עڤڤеǴ𡣿ڣעͶֳһЩ೯Ǳ߿˿

һһʱ䡣
һʱڤѹԵƣ±һΧСʱ֮С
ʱ֮ڣǼڤʹŵǧڤޡ
ʱ֮⣬ǼڤʮڤԼһӶڤ˴
ĲãνǽһƬʱΧˮйͨڤţ±ܹȻһӸƶһƬʱգҲֱΧ޴İΧȦ
ڤʻսȥѰڤ塣ڤֻ֪ڤҶɵ׷ߡȴ֪ڤĴڡ
йעһеȴסڤûгһֱһս֮⡣ļˣЩδս²ĵطתƣûзһȵͼ
Ѿһˣò˶೤ʱ䣬±ͻᱻҾͻشħȫ֡Ҳסһʽͨ˵һƺħ򽣺մڣĬĬţţԼû©κһֿܣԴʮ㣬Ѿ쵽ļޡ᲻ı⣬ѡԳ֣
һǰҶɵءȻеʮơǣҲòϣһǰҶɵľʮֹϡǶȽʮ⡣
һҶɵأƺûֳκáռϷģԾռϷ硣ͿܵġۼҲ֧Ų˶졣
ħһ֧ʱ䣬Щڤ·׷׸ϵս־ͻᷢش仯ڣƺҲûκˣԶ
ǰ˴ڤʣ͸ϵ⸽ڤʣһʱ֮ҲǱ˻
ǣǰ˴ڤʸƻ´δϵ֮ǰǾóȻ֪֡ҲǼڤʵĶ֡Լû֣ڤʰڶ࣬͸Ӳսˡ
ټϣǻսһпܴģ϶Ǹսǿ°ļڤʡԣǰ˸ڤʮǵģֻǵԹۡ
ڤʣĻޣҶʮֲԭǧĸϹҪƻڤʵļƻҪҶɽˡڣɱҶɵģһǼڤʣ
ףֻҪٹʱ䣬һս¾ͻΪ׷׸ڤ˴ӶӻҡãΨмֵʱƾҺͺħı£пܾķڴ֮ǰһ±ڤʸˣҲûκϣڡ
˿ǸߵԽԽѣʵǵԽԽҶɣ췢֣ԼԽԽͿˡԼһʱ㣬ƺȫûκáԼҲҺͺħİ취ԼҲ²Ҷֲֵܹԭ
ĥţǲӦҶɣҶʱνȵʱ򣬺ȻҶվ
ʦڤҪ˰ɡ
ǵġףô֪쾪ȵķʵ
էȥҶɵıƺ±ǣʵϣҶȴ㾳Բ̨֮ϡһֺķţַŵʩΪ֮£ıʵӦ֡Ѿ澳ԴеǿߣȴͬҪܵ˵š
仰˵ڵҶɣܸӦǣս壬ھԲ̨еҲһͬܣʹ࣬
ķţԭɱǿеֶΡ澳Դϣ澳ԴԣԼӽ澳Դǿߡհǰ˺󣬲Ѫƴĸ
ԭãԼⷨ޷ơΨˮ׼Լ൱ĴڣƷǿгԼֶΡڡ캧ȻʶҶƺһţ
Ҷɲ֪һžȻͷĿġ˾ˣûӭǾȵĿ⣬ҶɺǺЦʦҵ䣬ǲǵôԽһţ
ǵãһĳ淨ģԴ͸ʱϵ챦
һӦšһ߻ǴԽһšͬʱҲתʱգȥǴԽһŵıȥһȻҶἰģһҶԼܳʱûʹù챦
׼ȷ˵ʵĿ֮⣬ҶⱲӾֻùһδԽһšʱҶɶûг̤벻֮ʱҶɲֻǵһ̤νλ棬̤ССĳǡ
ԣҶʱҶɵ䣬鿴Ҷɵʷ֮󣬲ûر⴩Խһš֣֪ʶ淨Ĵ˵ӵдԽһЧõ챦ʵʤԣҲûпתʱաȥۿһԽһţԷһ´Խһš
ֱһΡ
ԭˣ
Ǻεˮ׼ĴڣֻԿһۣѾ׿ףס
˼뷨˼ƽⷽȻ̸ȫƽ⣬ǣȴҲ㿴ָħңǺЦ˵Ȼ㲻Գ֡ǣȴһ߻֪һֵĳıƣԽǰѣ
ҪһսҶɺٺЦʦҪʱ򣬹Ȼ˽
˿
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ɣһҲ̫˰ɡ
ڣ֪Լ©ڣ췢֣Լ۹⣬ϲԼյͽܡΪԼԶԼͽֶζ
һֱҶɸӡǡĶšġҶɹȥ֣ҲûֳĶ
ҶɱˣҶɺٺЦţ˵һʱźȻ֣ҶѾ
ΪļԵʣ
ǵģʦ
Ҷɳʵش
ҶɱˣΪ䣬ˡı仯ԭӦÿǰԤƵǣȴƫƫûⷽȥ롣
֮ҲѾﵽ˳뻯ĳ̶ȡΪʦȻôʱûз֮ĵӰ죡
ʦԲϵ̽ңҲͬԲϵ̽ٺ٣Ѿ֪ԴһϣﵽԴ֮Ტ۵ĸ߶ȣҶɺٺЦʦģȻұˣȻҵֶαȹȥǣҵĶֻԵˣȴԼȥҵǰҲ
ȷҶɵǰֶֶǣֶȴǶ⣬δԼ¹֡
ҲΪʲôۻỳΡҲΪʲô۷Ҷת֮󣬻᲻ʦľ棬ϢģгⶼΪҶɵǰ֮Ե˶ȴ̫̫áڣŶȥ£޷ĺøĥ
΢΢˵ͷҲپ顣仯ǱȲ仯ѰҶûм䣬Ҳпֱܳ仯ֻҪˣѣһôҲν仯ǲ仯
һԻʱҲѾˣǿڤڤһ·ϣЩڤǿǣǷ׷䣬Ƿ׷ӡٽϢܿͻͨһڤʡڤĶ䡣
ͣսУҪӿٶȡѡ񣬶ȦסȻ㲻֣ҲһԽ⡣ǺЦţһԻڵõ˽
ͣսħѣȻõǼڤʼӿٶȣȻ󡣵ʱǾŸڤֻҪһЩЭ飬ڤʾͻԲ˶ߣͻˮһգ
ֻ𣿡ҶɺٺЦʦҲѾۿǴԽһšҲţ±ϵı仯
óôῴʮָп˵Ҫڤȫˡעֻܱɣڤڤıǽ
ڤ˵һǿߣԼıǽƺεȻֺļƻ
ԭֻΪҶֻҪȫ漤ڤ֮սȫ漤ڤ֮սȻڣˣҶǲģҶǾ˵ı仯
һУΪĻֵָľ޴ı䡣ɣĸ֣ȻȹȥӺ󣡡
Ҷɣ˫֮΢΢˸ŵģѾֻĹâ(δ1509.ıǽգڶ
ڤ־
ٹʱ䣬ܺ챦ҵҪڤ滹ʲôֶΣ
ѹŴ򣬳ôʱ䡣˵ģԼֶΣѾΧڤǴȥ𺳡ڤ֪ЩڤʵսҲرǾԼȽϽӽļڤʣԼսԼơ
۹Ǿͻһ¡ҵĵλܵõĹ̡ΪǸĿģλǳҪܹһԾŶڤСҲ޷ֹҿ
ڤʻ롱ҶһˡΪҶɣȥһصڡڤΪҶǵõĴڡԣŻΪҶɿܾǿһڵĹؼ
ڤҲͬ⣬˵ڤڤУǿֿ֧ǴڵǿߡôڤʾڤУǿҵƿǴڵǿߡΪǿҵƣڤʲŻ᲻ܹҶɡҲΪǿҵƣڤʲŻҪһδڤʼȼǿ߽ˡ
ڣڤҲѾҶɣҲҪҶ
ڤǼ챦Ҿ̳֡Ըڤҵı׻Ҳڤõڤҵʬ
뷨ڤʻмǰԼŬȥֹڤʡǣȴûκΰա
ڤֶδҶˡһƻڤļƻ
ȷǱһڤڤʬڤȥǴ֮ء£ԺǾͶҪڤĽ£ڤȥˣ
ûԸ⵱˵ūͣԽǿĴڣԽǲԸ¡ЩҪֹڤʵĴǣĽšǵļ㣬һֹڤʵĻᣬҲֻĳɡ
ô͵ڤޣô⾳µֶΡѵڤĻһͳڤڤΨҶ𣿡
ЩڤЩʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬һϢ˹
ʲôٽ
ȻҪƽڤڤΪѵʱ򣬹Ҳûбƽڤ
ѵ֪ڤڣΪʲôǵĽ·ģֱָڤ
Ѿ˿ڤķǲģĳ
һڤʵģȻ֪ȽǸ߶սǵͶڻңڤǿߵʵͳͳƫһܹڤɺսôڤΣҲ
ǣܿ죬ǸŵУȴֿһ˿⡪
һ˿սʤڤʵ⣡
һᣬڤ϶ƴŴҲҪǼ챦
ڤ򱻹ռôڤҲûлῪǴ֮ءڤ˵Ҫڤ棬Ҫס֣
ŸڤʣûһɵϵʮĺȻ̼üڤηԭԸڤֵֻѡڣŸڤʲԼͬģ
ҵĿһ£ڻڤ֮ǰܻ°ӣ
ûĺڤ񹥻ʱսǿɡǾŸֳҲһҪеһķգ
ǸڤԸڤʣҲòϣڤʵ̫ˡǾŸڤҲеһķգܽǼڤʸ
ɱ붼û롣ԼڤʵЩֶΣǸûɱڤʵġ
ֻĬĬĵȴţȴһʵʱڤʸڤʬԭػǾŸ˸ûпȥɱڤʡ
ڤѸٱˡ
ڤͨʩչøܼˡ
ڤٿŵڤ޴ӷˡ
ŸڤĬĬȴţŸڤѰѵĳʱŸڤ˫۽齥أֶνصʱ򡭡
ڤȥɣ
ͻȻǿҪ±Уһγ
ͻȻһĪâڤʸס˲ʱ䣬ͽǼڤʴ͵ˣ֪ʲôطȥ
ڤˣ
ŸڤȫĴǧ㣬Ҳ㵽ڤʱһͨ͵˴ʶܸǵʱ֮⣡
ʲôͨǿڤȻ޷ֵ
ڤ汻ôʱ䣬Ȼĵȴһ᣿
Ÿڤ˫۴͵ĿǽҪ±ǱͻȻķˡ
Ȼ󡭡
ң㽫ڤҳ
һ´ȥЩԭ߼۶ڤ˴Ѹٸı˼ƻ̿Ѱҡ
ڤʵһǣھݵɧ֮ҲѸжҪҵڤʴˣ㽫ڤʴ˱
ˡ
ڤ桱±ƴ˳
Ѿڤ߳ڤڤڣ㲻Ѿߵ˹ʥ
ʥ
Цİɡ϶ڿЦ
ʱ˿̣ǾŸڤʲ۴ͣǵҲѾΪͶΡǲڤĻǣֲҲڤĻǴĿ±ڤĻǼпֵܳĻ
ڤѾҸܡӽڤǵһڤʣ
ȻڤԼʤȻڤڼΪڤһڤʡŸڤʶ֪ڤʵ粢ߡǣŸڤȴǲҷԡڤڼ
һʱգܹİЩԭ쳣ڤǣҲΪڤʵͻȻʧö߶¡ݷ
ŸڤʲҷڤҼᣬŸڤҲûһϲڵȣڵȴһϢϾǲܱڤ漸仰ŵͶڤ湧
Ϣܿʹˡ
ʲôڤ˹֮У
ڤʣȺģȻڤûӽǣȴӽǹڤڤĴ֮У
˵һʽͨһĹâĵȷȷӵܡǿڤʣҲᱻһʽͨ׻ܣ
Σ˵ڤ㹻пܽκһǿߣֱӵǹʥȥ
ڤͷ˹ʥ˭ȥڤʣ⴫Ϣ巢
һȼڤʸǿĴڣ
һڻԶû߾磬о޴Ǳǿڣ
֮УЩڤӿ죬Ҫ˵乧صĻҪϽԼǫ̬
ǣʱ򡭡
ڤ棬챦֮ʲôڤ˳ڤʿʼСС
ڤʣĿ⿴ڤʡ
챦֮Σ˭˭ϴû취
Ŀ֮УҲδûһͬϾڤ沢ûֳǿĸϾڤԼûôǿ
ǣʱ򡭡
Ȼֻһ滪ıǽðڤһʱȻ𣬡ڤҾڶ滪ıǽڤǻıǽ
һ˶ƣڤƴҪҪܡǣ޿ɵҲӲǰ˸ڤʵע֮£˶ƽڤʸס⣬ޣ
Ծ(δ1510.Ŀϣ
˲Ȼܸ˴ǿҵӾǣȶĿ֮£Ľһǿ⣬ޡӾǿң
û˸˵ڣû˸ҷһ졣
ЩԭûӵڤޣҲһ֮ŻˡԭֻΪ˵ͻȻʧеսսеΣءڣΪһ˶ƣŵһҲŪκζ
滪ıǽξǿҵĳ
ûٸڤǿûٸڤڤڤеĵһˡ˶֪ڤѾΪڤһˣǳΪˣһͳڤĵһˣ
һڤǣһιȥڤǣǺЦҪǲȥǾԶҶλá
ȥҶҡҡͷӦûǱһȥ
ǣĹô죿ѯʡ
ҶЩڤʻȥӭУҲܵסһЩڤʵסĽڤǿ߲սҲʿԵĴ
Ǹνġʼ֮ءҶɺǺЦȻսѾȫ濪ʼնĻλҲӦóˣҺڴ
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ڤʴˣǰʼ֮أûзκ״
һյڤʡһ̽·ڤǿߣ۷ر
ڣҲûڤˡڤڤоֻΨһһڤʣǾڤ棡
Ҳټʲôƣֻǵġڤʡ֣Աڤݡֻû֪ȥڤ棬Ҷɵڵڤ棬Ǻħ仯ɡ
ǾͼǰֻҪٻʲô̾ͻ𣡡ħװģĳһʵ֮ϣ߷ģȻǻڤ
ڤŮڤʵС䣬ڤڤпֹ飿
ħһ£ǿ߶ȻһġϽӿ˽Ų
ˣʼ֮أʼڣڤСġ
ٺ١˵УȻСħɫɫһǻڤķ.飬ǻڤһèһĵ
û˸ѭȥȻ˭ȥҲʲô֮ϵ׷ʲô飬Ҳûκ˿ü
ԼĪһʱ䡣һڤǿߣڵִνʼ֮ءڤʾҪҶɵֻڤʵĿģΪٻʼ档
ʵϣʼ֮صĴ˵Ȼ汾ڶ࣬ǣȫһͬĽۣǾǣʼ汦ء
ûĸ˵˵ڤʼκһ㼶ԸһЩڤ˶֪ʼ˴ڤһˡ
ѵʼˣڤôһ飿
̷ںħߣԶŨڸǵ֮أڤѯʡ
ħɫߣ֪Ū˻ڤٴΡǻڤԭʮֵģԼᱻħɱڣǱˣΨһһʺħĴڡ
ֳ˵ľǻڤˡЩյڤʣȫĿ⾴ηĿźħȫԼѯʡڤɵþ;ãӿһɴδй㡣
ʼˣħɵЦǺܲ
ħʮνʼˣıˡѲɣһ챦֮Уöˣ
ṩڤڣı֮ڡǣǱ˲ɵԶһطνʼ֮أǱĴתƵڣ
ЩϢҶɸ֪ҶǴ֪ЩϢԭҶɻҪԼѰѰ٣жϡڣ˵ı֮ڣѾʲôܡ
ħ֪һУħȻ˵ҶʮݺħħŰڤĻᣬѻڤΪ˽ҶҲû˵ʲôǣħ֪ΪҶɵݣʲô鶼˵ȥ
ϻͲҪ˵ˣʼ֮أ֪һС
ǣο˿һ֪ôڤǿߣڤʵ
򵥡ħЦݺݵĹڤ磬ǿΪֻҪչֳ㹻ǿĹʼȻ֣

һΣħûбִС
ʼ֮ʼر֮ءôȫʼ֮أҲʲô˵顣
ǣħ֮䣬ʼ˾ʹʼ֮СȻҪȫǴ󲻾
ڤʼ棬ڤǿĿеĵλΣֻҪһǿڤʣҲԸ⹫ȻΥڳɷ֪ڤʼĵλ
һ֮£ƾħ仰һڤǿ߾ͻ.ˡڣħ£һڤǿĬĬԣûһ˿ж(δ1511.Ŀ£ĸ4000ִ£
ʱħͺˡ
ô뿹ǣĿڤһ峹׻𣿡
㣬ħȥЩڤǿߡֻ˵ǰһĻôʵ䷴
ڳڤǿǣ֪ħΣеģڤʵ³֤Լڤ֮ǿҲûּܼʱ䣬ͱһڹֺɱ
ڤĴڣԼνڤЩǿ˵ҲѾʲô⡣ǰʼ֮صʱ򣬾ѾСɹǿߣִڤ֮ߣ
ڣǰʼ֮أѾȥ˽ʱ䡣֮ǰ˶ƾڤڤڤҲֻܼ߰ʱ䡣ڤڤ޴󣬿ǣʮʱ䣬̤ڤڤ
һ汲ŵĵطơڤһҲûκǰ;ԡڤһ壬սᱻǿһһ
û֪ǿ֮ҵڤ֮ܽڤΪҶɡµõڻָ֮ҶɵֶΣͱú쳣
ȥҶɣ϶ʹ־֮ơҪȡ֮ҲֻͨСΧսԼսһڤʴڣӶЩ֮
ڵҶɣȴΪ˴ﵽԼĿģڤһ޵ԨȻͨڤһֶ޵ĸ֪˹ĳǿߣֱ˹㳲
򵥵˵ҶɾףħǵסҪûкħڤҲ֪Լʦ׸Լʲô
֣֮ǿЩڤǿȫ֡ɣǲֻ֪ڤһĹı
áԼͽҲ̫˵㡣ȻôǰͲ²˸
ûҶɳĵ˵ͷԴڤҪҰȥʱҾѾд˲²⡣ڤȻʼ֮شڵĿģǣ϶Ѿóʼ֮صֶΣ
ǿģڤһĹǿʼ֮صΨһֶΡļڤʡûҶơû취ۼ㹻ģʵ㹻ڤǿߣʼ֮ءԣڼҶɵʱΪҶɻ˴ʼʱ򣬾ҪҶɸ
ԭˡ˵ͷֱ̾ȻԽԽϬ֮ͥҲֱܱôʲôʲô칬ûκ⣡
Ҷɲüʦ˼ǣͥǸطӰ˵ֱжϣ
ֹǻӰֱжϣҲһӰ졣ΪʲôħͥĴڣϲ㣿
һΣ͸һЩͥܡܣҶ߰ٱ裡
Ҫֱ֪һҶֶΡ֮ݻֶΣҲһҪֱ֧š
Ҳ˵ھͽֹ̫ͥۡҶţĿ⳯ǸߴľԲ̨ȥ֪ı֮ǰܲϵʮ㣿
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ϵĹ
һʼһڤǿ߻ЩִȻħڤһΪڣǿбЩڤǿߺʼ֮ءǣڤǿ߻ֻҪ̽ԵĹһ£ڤǿ߶⣬һоʼķŭ֣ͣҲٳ
ǣڿʼ֮ʱǾҲͣˡǺȻԼȥԴԴϵģʼ֮˽ȥ
ʷϴδ˵飡
Ҫ֪ʼ֮ڣйڤǿǰ̽顣¹̽աּ̽ǣЩ¼Уδἰ顣
ڳһڤǿߣ̽һƬŨŵ⻹ͷһ֪վŨ֮⣬ܼķȻ飡
֣ͣȻܡǿһ֣ͣͻᱻ˸ɡ
ΨһѡοкħԱͼӴס
ûУûУĹŨһ˿һ޷Ӱ쵽еȫΪʼˣħĺеΨнӵ󣬲ʼ˸е⣬ʼ˲Ż˵ᱻʼջȥΪǵĳͷ
ЩҶɽ̺ħ˵ġʵҶɲ֪ʵǷˣЩȫҶɵĲ㡣ǣҶȴ֪Լ϶ǶԵġΪÿһ´ȥ춼΢΢ҡһҡͷҶɸоʮǷ񶨣̾
ģڤǿҲ̾̾ǰǻĵִڣȴǵģҪһЩʼ
ǼһﳤʲôģھԲ̨ŬŵҶɡȻʵ
ȷ϶ѾӵΣǺЦһƵãֻһʱأ
ܡҶҡҡͷָһϣ˵ȻʦܡΪҡʵѾ޽ӽ壿
ıˡЦŹƣܷҲŵܡ˵ܵԴʮԲ̨ǣһǼһ¶Σûʱˡ
ڽмһܣ˵ֻ׾ٵ顣Ϊٱ֮ǰһԼͽܡҲΪ˲һ¡ҶڵǱܹʵǵڼȥ
Դʮ㣡
ҶһʵǾԲ̨֮ǰ첢ûʶҶܹһʵǵ˸ߵĵطʱֻΪľ޴ջԸҶһζģþԲ̨Ļᡣ
ڣ쾪ķ֣ÿԼҶ޷ʱҶȴܹԼµľϲԣŻļһЩµܡԲҶɵʵ
ʮ𣿡ҶɺǺЦˣǼһ̫죬һȥ˵ջ࣡
㡣νʼ磬סһΣʹþԲֻ̨ܻý칬ʸСǼһ̫бҲ칬ŻŻôҾͲ˵ˣ飬ó
ĵĽ̸֮УҶɵõ˴Ϣ֪ʦҪٱ֮ʱ͵͵ٽԼһЩ
칬ͷô𣿡
ҶĬĬ߶ţĬĬʵǡϵʮ㾳Բ̨ʱ򣬺Ȼ
ˣ
Ҫˣ
Ŀ⣬͸һϣǱ˵ĳ֡
Ҷɴ͸Ǿ겻ɢŨֻܿΧǣڵľΪҲԼıˣжô
ױʲôģ
׷ģġ֮ʱģ״ܹ͸¶̫̫Ϣ磬
ҶɰĥʱŨܵȻʲô޴иɽȥһֻգ۵ĹǸ˷ԲʮŨȻʧ
ⷽԲʮĴأһ.¶һڤǿǰƽһĿһƬŵɫģƽɫء
ͻȻıʣþþ˵ֻ֪һֱԼʳֵʱ򣬺Ȼʧ
ˣôˣ
ڤĿǰһУȻûᵽΣյϢȻɢȥ󣬴طôǣ֪ôģڤȴôĿֲͺʱأԼͻȥ
ħƲƲ죬Ҫ˵ЩʲôȻɫ΢΢һ䣬ͽҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ
Ҷ磬ȻˣҾ͡
㻹ǵڤ档ԺڤɫˡҶɺٺϷʣİɣ㿴ϵŮˣҸǿ

ħЩ˼ͷٶûڤӾв
ˣѵҲ
ҲʲôҲħɫһ䣬ߵʼ˾ҪˣҶСĵ㣬ǵʼ˲ˣ
ԭ
һڤǿ߶˸߲ܹΪһĿʼٵǿߣǾҡ
ֻеЩڤʼڣԼʼոںħߵĻڤžЩΣЩΣաǰн䱸ţǰСţʱ
ƬɫصĳһͻȻɫâǺڹֱ죬һʱ˲ڵɫʡ
˰ľʱһӨ͸İ׹ǾƣǺڹ֮кȻ˳ǰ׹Ǿָ޶¡ָָֻغâһڤǿľս
ʲôͨΪʲôǴ˲ĸо
Ҳ֪˭һߵڵءܿ죬һڤǿ߹ݼʼˡ
ħûйݣڤݣǣڤʴûй򵹣룬Ҳվ
ǼڤʣҲ׹ǾƵѹ𾪣ҪǣǿħֱվڤҲͬںһתҲûй
棬ǾȻݣ
¡¡ǰ׹Ǿд˳ֱڣҶɷȫȷ˵ĿȻֻһ׹Ǿƣ
ո뿪澳ԴҶɣɫʱޱ(δ)
psѾ13000+Ҳ12һ1512.һ
Ҷɵ֣ɷģǰѾĸʯϸħ
ÿһɹǰѡΣħѡһڻ״һ״˴ĸо
ڰΪʦ֮ҶҲ֪һЩ顣һḻʦָ㣬νġ족ǡ족ĸо˽Ȼ֪Щ֮֮еĴڣǺεȵĿ¡
ֻǻֻǡšѣۿ顣һΣĿһĴڣܵˣĹѹ
۾磬һ׹ǾƲǺԼԴʮ˾ŲģҶԴʮŲ㣬ֻһܽ׵ԴʮľΪӦɸ㶨ǣҶȴоԼɱ׹ǾƣԼ֡η塱ĸо
η壬Ҷɺˣǰ׹Ǿᣬ֮ͨоһĿֲʱ֪ĿֲԺδǣһȷǾǣЩݵڵصڤǿߣҲվ
Ҷأʱûг֡ҶʮڸȥͬԼ뿪澳Դһ̡Լͳʧȥʦıȥֺηͳʹǿд߲㼶ڤҲν飬ҲóȻȥ
۲죬жϣȻٳҶָֻˣʤܣоϰߡ

£ôЩФȥɣ
׹ǾзһŨī֭ĺɫâʹǰ׹ǾƵָ⣬
ʱ˿̣ܲ򵹵ǿߣ˺ħͻڤ֮⣬ֻǼźħģյڤʴˡЩǾ֪ٴĥѵڤǿߣûЩɫâʱǾѾʩչͨʼԶ˲Ӷˡ
һţǻһ߿𣺡ʼ棬Ǽٵģٵģ
ٵģ
ħЦݺǱ䡣
Ƽûڤ羴ʼˣٰ
ЩԼĺɫâħĻڤ⡣
󣬴ˡľʼˣڤȴѾŵЩսսǿħ侲ǿħƺǰ׹Ǿƣ¡ڤҲѾڵء
˵ˣٰƭʲô˼ħٺЦڤ飬ϼȡĳӶ仯ģɵģһֱǹֻһƬʱգһƬĻѡ
ڤȻк£ǣϾǽӽԴʮĴڡħе˼Ȼܹװס
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ˣ˼ǣڤ˵ʼ棬ʵһ壿
׼ȷ˵һҪ壬ȴûг깤ļһħٺЦ˵Ϊ˽ᴴڤˡΪ˽ڤ֮սڤʵһеģܹս̬ƵĴڡڤҲӦһеģǰٻĴڣֻϧûϵڤҵˡģȴͲĴڣ
ֻǺħԼħȻ׹ǾơϾħڵսϸղԶݵǼڤʣ˵׹Ǿˡ
ǣЩİǰСûִʼ֮أҾٽųΪǰࡣŲϽҵսҲָ˲١Ϊҵİг֣ħ赭дĽǰ׹ǾƵĹ赲
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ֻǣħȴˣ֮ΪΪʱڶǡҶɺҶǣùЩڣ
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Ҷһֱܺ棬Ϊʲô챦ԱԽüʮսãڣܿ죬Ž𽥽⿪(δ1513.һ4000ִ£
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ԭһƬشڹŹ֣
ڤףΪʲôħԸڵˡҲڳڤǿУΨһһ粻Դʮ㣬ȴʱܿ˵Ĵڡ
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Сӣǵһ³ܵġܴԣӸ
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ˣǸô죿
ڣڤףΪʲôħûԶ뿪ԭһʱͱʼƿأ޷뿪
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ڤȻϵͣǣϾҲǴĴڣϾҲսóµóǰ׹ǾƣʼˣԶûʩչȫһʶħܿӮʼ棬ܿҲᱻǰ׹ǾƸܣ
ڵĻڤΨһ룬ǾǣħͰź˺֣ԤֶΡڤ˾ּţҪѺħϽܣϽ뿪ֲĵطǣûڤû뵽ǡ
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ħţƺˣڤһͶء

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ԭҶɵļƻԭȵļƻֻǣڤڤȫսȻսвϼȡ֮ԼѰҿԽˮø룬Ļᡣ
ԭҶҲֻΪڵʱ˵ҲֻܸڤȴڽһҪֱĵˣҶɸûǵ͡
ڣҶһɳ죬˽ӽԴʮľΪ֪ˣǾԲ̨лиʽϢЩѰЩϢϲЩϢڵȫԷӳԴʮǿս
ټϣʦļΰʾҶʶԼȫսȻЩðգԼδûһԽĻᣡ
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Ҷɻû׼ȷֶʱ͸ıˡԭֻǲӾѹϵúɫħȥơħڣֶǿӲҶɣıڵһԳ
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⼸ҶɵǿֶΡ
Ҫ֪ҶɵǱʱھԴʮ㣬ҶɵʵʾΪûﵽԴʮ㡣ǣǾԲ̨ѧ򵽵ȴܽԴʮֶΣʩչ
ճ˵鱾ܷͽǿǿʩչֶ߽Ρ統ļڤʩչ򽣺ա˵ȫչͨˣܣչֵó
ǣǺǺԽ׵ģģʵʵԽʩչֶΣ˵Ͳʲô⡣ڴϻ쳣ѰҵЩֶεҶ˵һͨͨͿʩչԽΪֶΣ
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ǵģһǿߣһšֻзһϵϿһϵϿսڣܻķţ
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ˣЩʵ飬Ϸ֪ͨЩżֶΣȷʵһϷ׷Ĵڳֻǣû뵽ɣЩżϣϷˣһ˵
ȻȫռϷ磬ǣǹԾɲǣʩչƻĵֶΣӰҶɲ֪ʱ˿̣СʫʲôһоҶԼСʫʱȴڿһԵߵľ
ѵѾӵΪʲôҪʩչֶΣ
Ҷһ߿ֵţԼòֵģǿ󹥻һ߿ֵŹƻĵͨʵ벻ףΪʲôҪʩչֶΣҲûȥ룬ֻãȥԼ군(δ1517.ˮϵͨΣѵý⣨ڶ
ҶɵǿҲܵסֹڣĹǴδζСʫϡСʫϣ󲿷ͨҲֵˡҲҿǹȻֶβǴδζ˳ʩչҶĪĹҵ
Ⱳӣûôҵ̣
Ҷһ߿֧ţһѰҽ취
ڹȥҶɸòʲô취Ҫ֪ǹԴʮϵĴڡȻûз񵽣ΪǵȼǣҲѾԶҶ࿹⡣ȼսڹȥҶ˵̸νЩĹ
˵ҶӵԴʮľΪΣЩѰԴʮڣֶΣҲֻа׵ķݶκλ֮
ڣҶһʦڣǸʦĵģһ㾳Բ̨С˵ϡ
ľԲ̨԰Դǿ߸ģ׼ȷĸһ㾳İһľԲ̨УŸʽܡ
ԭЩܶǸԲ̨ĲӦǣ֪Ҷδ֮·ضյ죬ĵһ㾳Բ̨֮УһЩ׵ܡ
ҪǣԳ֣ҶɵδָĨˡԼҲδҶɵ׻εաԣΪԼͽܣЩܣǶӦʲôͨǶӦţһϵĳ׸
ЩԭҲھͲǣЩҳͻᱻ͹
ֻǳһս֮ѹԼʱٱΣա˫ʱӳһǷԼڣǾ½ݡ
Ҷ֪ԼЩ׸򣬲ңԼڡ̡ϾͲʱһͻ࣡
ʶЩһһӹҶҵǣסǡȴԶûоǡڣҶҪЩԼ˽⣬ĳУѰҵһʺĳ׸򡣱һѵ顣
㣬Ȼ޴̸ֱΨһ̵Ķ
ʱ˿̣Ҳ˲ʲô벻ԵˡһֱԼѡĳ׸ôԼͱ̶ȥо
ֱжϣʱ١ҲǶ̶ɲǵʱ䡣ҶɾͶһ׸
ףȻһʽͨ
⴫ڵЩ׸򣬳ųɾŵģʲôֶΡҪȸЩ׸ȻԴͨЩ׸ŻӢ֮ء
ԭҶѾ׼;ķѱԴ֮ΪԼȡĲ򡢴ʱ䡣ǣҶû뵽ǣԼֱȻԼʶһʽͨǰ
Ǵˮϵͨɱȷ˵áǣҸû㹻ʩչһʽͨ
ͨ˵ףֻ΢ʩչҲҪﵽԴʮ㷽ɡڣҶɳҲֻ̤Դʮѡ㶯ĳЩطҲֻԽӵԴʮѡ
ѵֱˣ
Ҷ΢΢üͷȥѰһǣȻ֮䣬࣬ҵԾ
תơֵֶΣǸǹֶһ𣿡
ʱ䣬Ҷɴϲ
СʫֻʲôΪȥӲķ񹥻Ҳͻҷ𣬲ڡǣΪСʫֵ߽ܹתƳȥ츳ܣԣ޼ɵģȥ֮
Ҳպ«ܵĹתƳȥ
ǣתƵȥ
úħܣҲ޲ǻڤǲܳܶĹѾѹģԼռλĬĬ޵ѩ顢ԷŮǾ̫̫࣬ȻܽйֵŮ
ֻ˼һСȻ֮䣬ҶɵĿͺ͸·ڤ

ڤɳˣѾǵ֮ڤڡң֣Ըڤڤ⼶ڤڣ
ڤҲѾɳˣʹڤ壬Ϊνģڤ֮µһˣ
ûд棬֪ԷĴڡ
˼αסʵλ˹档
ǣһ죬һ̣Ⱥģͬһ¶
ǵǿߣ֪ΪʲôͷȻЩǿʮ־˽Խһ²²ʱͻȻڤڤȫ΢΢һ㶣ɫޱȼᶨ
ȫԱϣ(δ1518.ͻǬתϣ
Ȼȫ߱ˣԭռϷĹȻɫ䡣
էȥڤڤ֮սߵĶɡǣȻĵݻЩϵ͵Ĵڡ
ɫ䣬Цû뵽ǰСӻͦԭΪֻмڤʼĴڣһЩֶΡû룬ȻôСһҲ˹ֶΣ
ߣΣڶݵľȹ󣬹ֲָֻм̬Сʫʽع飬ûκáѾӵˣɱľֶΣﻹõţò鷳ֶΣ
ʱ˿̣ҲѾ֣Сʫǵ޼ɵģ֮ٶȣԻٶȣ
Ҫ֪֮ĸҪ֮Сʫûˣ˵ˣ£Щνʹ
ҪѾ۳ʱ˿̣ɫ϶ѿأǿӲЦǺã¶ɴƹʥһֶΣ
˻һ˭֪Ǵˡ
ǰӣΪһֱȥҲΪʤķڵǿйȥ
ڣʤ⡣ȸԲءȵڤǿ߷ʥ֮ʩչֶΡ
ǣ֪һԼˣЩڤǿ߸ոķ˳ͻȥ

Ҷ磬Ҫ¶ڰħҲŵģעһ
ǿò񻰵ǿ߸Ͳ֪һҶĴڡڸǰԲԭڲ²⣬ҶɻⳡսеҪڣСʫֶθ޿κεʱͰҶɵĴڸԺ
ڣˡȻռƣǣȴܽǿֻȥ׷һ׷һӡȻҶҲûжٿתƵĹ
ǰӣڤڤ¾Ҫ¶ˡҶҲ޿κεҡҡͷ
顣ܹƵġҵһʽˮϵͨһʽˮϵͨУȻڿԽ֮ԶֵȥķţѾ档ǿˡҲû֮ʱ򣬻ܼڤ壬ڤԼǵĲתĹֶΡ
͹µõͻȻܣΪ񶷵ĽǵĸоܹһЩǾܷ֣ǻභͨٲֱǿ߸еҶɽЩԼòеͨԶָڤڤٽǵ֣ɢתƵǧڤ˴֮СԣЩԭѹŴڤǿǣܺȻǿˡ
ˣһûϣˮˡ뿪Ժлᣬ￴
Ҷɵϣʹ±ٴԽʱգִڤ֮ڤڤѾյҶɵģҶɽ±ڡ
Ҳʱһӡһ׷͹ıʡЩԭս쭣ҿʩչһЩڹֶεڤǿǣͻȻ֮䣬ս˥ڹֶΣҲûʩչ
͹ǺεȴڣһС֮󣬾Ⱥ³˸Եɡ
֪Ϣ࣬ʱ䣬֪Ǹϣ
ԭǸҲСʫйϸԣܵùģҵĲֹǹͨкö౻ҷȥСʫģܵùģò֣ܲ
֪ҶɻܹĻ֮Ӱ졣ѾҪˡѾ֪һеԵɣ֪ԼʧȥһξѵĻᣡ
֪ˣȥڿɺãڤڤ򲻱Ҳûʲôֶο࿹⣡
׵ĶҪȹ಻١׵ٶȣҪϲ١ԣ̾ʶﲻٴˣԼ뿪
治ֶΣ
ʶӹʮۡһֶʩչԼԭ챦ͳ׻ٵˡԺԼֻʣһ׹ƣããʱյĵƮ
ֶιĴڣʮ۵ĸоֻͣɲǵʱ䣬ͱǿˡ˺ģʹʩչıֶΡ
Ҳʱ򣬺Ȼһ֮ɽ壬Ȼǵص׳˲ʱ䣬ͱȺ֮󣬸ʱΧ(δ1519.ͻǬת£ĸ
ıʣ˶һ
Ⱥеض˵ǽں׷ϵĹҲһĪֵɽȻͣס׷ϽŲǸԶҶɣԭѾԽһţ㴩Խʲôȥˡһ֮ɽ壬ҲʮֳԾģͣ
ѵڣڵǿڣ
ʱ֣ǿڣ޿ܡֻǣֵǿߣǲǵǿڣҶ濩һ£һֿԡ
ħ˵˱֮⣬챦֣᲻ǣ
ԶԶıʣҶɺѯʺħȴֺѾǣԼжϡ
ħҶҲѾЩͷˣ˼룬Ҳȥǰ㵥ҶѯʣֺжϵĻʱСһ󣬾ȷʣ
Ҷ磬ѵڣڵǣ
ҵڣݻޡ顣ЩǶڡҪǾӲ
ͺñȣݻڤǿߡȻйǣƣҲһɱ˭ɱ˭˭˭˵ֻҪЩڤǿû뿪Լ壬ôЩڤǿ߾㲻϶ڵ塣
ħʶҶΪڰʱܡԣŻ˵ֿѯʣֿжϵĻȻħͿҶɻ˵ͷ
ûھжڵǡҳԡ֮ضʱǸѾҵˡҶ̾˿ǼһҲΣֱֱʱҷŷǼһĴڡȥЩɽĳ֣Ϊ˵ڶǡû뵽ڻ¶
ʵ̫󵨣
Ҫ֪챦ĺģҲ챦ڡ˽ǣ֮ǿȻͲʲôŹᲢۡ
仰˵ǲȺ巨塣Ҫ׹Ǿһһĵң
ڣҶɿסһ֮ɽ壬һԴʮǿ֮֡ȼȺ塣ǰ׹ǾǱӶݣҲһɴݻ١ȻֻôͣΪʲôҪ
Ҷ֪ǸͬԴĶ塣ʮռֶΡ챦ֻбԶݶȥջǿǹԴʮϵǿڣҲһаջŶ㿪
ǸҲ֪ԼȻ֣п͵ʴףӦ͵ɣɢǣǸ֪Լû챦ĳ̶ȡԼðճԼһѣȵǰ׹ǾǿзֶΣԼһ군
ðճ飬ҶҲͬ뵱꣬ո̤·ʱ֪ٴðճÿһðգҶɶҳɹˡԣڵҶɡһǸðճɹҲܳΪһޱǿĴڡ
ֻϧðվðաЩ˳ɹˣȴʧܡܲҵǣǸֻոտʼȺ󷨣Ѱ׹ǾƸʱǰ׹ǾƷӦ˹

һЦǰ׹ǾȻ򱶡ȺƵܴ󣬿ڣǰ׹ǾƸǵķΧӿ£
ãһ飬ҲӦ˹Сʫ̸̣
Сʫûпʼ׷ǰ׹ǾоʹһĿЦƥ군ˣ군ˣ군ˣ
䡭
ǿЦ֮һʵʻĹСʫͺ˹ȥɫ䣬ϽСʫǰ
Һ棬һҪСģ
Сģ
Цߣѵ֣СʫҶҪͳͳ㣡
ʱ˿̣ҶɻĴڤ֮ߡʱأپĴԽһţ˵ܸ֣Ը⣬ңԶҲܼʱС
թթ
ɵãҶʮû뵽һûгûг׽ĴڣȻթ˹
ġթȻЧԭǹΪ³ˣڰпӣӶʼձŲֶΣзڣ̵һͬԴڣսٱٳթԣùɹУޡ
ˡ
ͿǹСʫԶ˳ȥ˺ü·

ڤ߹սҶɣŭһģ(δ1520.ս𣬻
ʵҶҲδû֮⡣
ûлˣһˣ̵Ļᣡ
һΣҶ޼ɵչСʫ
һûнԴʮϣȻҲҲֵȼսģ沦ŵģǳʲôǾͲö֪ˡ
ҶҲӦĻʹôϻοȻԼȻųȻԼǣĻ򶷵ģȴǹһս֮УʱûԼκϷݡ
Ȼǹĳ֮Ÿոûãķ֮
ƥΪʲôǸջˮˣԴʮ˲һԸǿ
ղǷֻﵽԴʮľΪСʫܺԥļ׷һһûڣ̵һͬԴ֮һ·ˣԴʮ˲㣡
ճ㣬ǲܷ顣һԴʮ㶼Ĵڣܰʮǿ߽ʮ㡣˵ʮ˲ôŵĸ߽ײ
ͷˣϵõȻֱʡ
ʵȻ϶֡ǣҲҶһû㶮֮ĳԴԡȺոճֵʱûеһʱʶӵǬתĻᡣ
󺣣ҲҶֱҶɿףոձ仯ո̵ǸͬԴڵʱ򣬹Ͳģƴȥ֮ܳ粻ȶնɱڡǹ¾Ͳò򣬽ɫֻˡ
֮Ũˣȫ淴ʱ򣬺ħϲģͺһֿԽ˽ףҶ磬ȥչأ
ҶɺǺЦţħŸոսʮ㡣ھͼͻƣδһ壬Ȼȥɱڤǿߡȹ̸
ãħѾҶϸ˵֪Ҫ׵ʮȥ뺻ʵԼĸ
ħ֪ĥ󿳲񹤵ĵҶɾǻӣһһεģ䷳ĺʵ˷ʱ䡣ǣһҪ߲㾳磬һɳ죡
ֻһܴﵽԴʮ㣬ǺεȿֲķٶȡҪ֪Ҷ֮ǰľ绹ֻʮѡ
ͬʱħȴֻ㡣⻹ǿҶɴȡ֮ķţ򣬿㶼
ŵ˵ڵĺħѾҶƴӡҶһ֮һ˷ʱ䣬뿪±ıڤ˴гɱ˹ȥ
ȥɱǿߡЩս֮УȻڻͨΪã
ܿ죬ڤҲħһɱ˳ȥ
ڤ塣Ҷڤеߣ޵ս֮սս͸ߣһʱʱģһЩ߽ǿսĻ㡣ܶסܴȵģٵȥ
ǣˣڤһȻģվҶɵĺ档
ڤ岢֪ʱ˿̣Ҷɴﵽ˺εȾ硣ֻ֪ǸҶɣڤ֮ʱ˭ߡڵҶɣ仯˱֮Լ͸ľѹȵǿᡣˣڵڤ壬ӵء
ˣҲ壬ٿӵĸԴʮҵ¡ݣȥͥﴳһҲˡһ˼ˣپֻأ̣ǰͥ
ڸղţҶɴҸĴԽһţԶʱãԼİϾʱڤڤáڤڤУ쵱ĴˡǷͥǾֻĩڡ׼ȷ˵Ǹûʸͥ
ڣǹ֮ս𣬾͸ҶɴʱͻᡣѺħڤųȥħٿԳԴʮ㣬ڤҲлᳯŬڤߣڤǱǱߵս׷ֳüĿҲܿܽ׵Դʮȥ
ԼᣬºʵߣػԴʮŲ㣬ҲԳ֡һ֪ϣҲһʩչֲֶΣ
ۿǱľ񶷣Ҷɵľ粻ϵȥһֱ䵽Դʮ˲㣬ֹͣ(δ1521.ܣֶΣϣһ
ҶϲƣıԡѡȻԼķλΪʱʱǣԼİȡʱ䡣
ȻҪǣԼһȡ֮Ļᣡ
ҶڵԹ˵սʤˣסĿԶڡȼ֮ʦ±Ͽʴ˼ر󷨣ͱҵɱˣ̸γΪսеĵ
ڣҲܸ̾ƽƽֻ֪һﶷþƣߣԼŻеֵĻᡣ
ҶԭļƻǴ㰵ڤڤ֮֮սȻ󣬾ܾˡǣƻԶ仯ÿ졣ȻݱҶɾ밵жءӣҲѾ޿ܡ
ȻˣҶԾ͹ȻԼݡҲΣԼҪ̵ͼ
˵ȻԼͼпܵʱսϾ֪˭ʤ˭϶ƣʱҶɼ˱ˣͶʧߣ֮
ǣҶɿú׼ո˸ͬԴڣ綸Ȼǣ͵¹·硣Ϣģʱս˾ջ񣬹͸ûлʤϣ
֮ǹѾ˾·
ڤڤ͹ҲͬǴȥ޴ѹһȫǽҪԵģֻǼı𣬸ǱԴɣ
ڤǿߣǹĴڣǶ֪ʵͬıԴͬһǿڡǿҪĻǵıԴͻعǸǿĴڡǸǿڱøǿ
ҿ֮ԻݻЩͼǿߣңǿӸһ߾磬ΪͨЩͼǿߣԼıԴ֮
㻻һǿߣºѷεĿġҲֻҶģնꡢֻ꣬úֻ硢Ϊǿߣܴз˿Ȼ˵ҶΪ˺ôֻ꣬ңշ˵Ǹƻǡȴܹ˫ǿһ˿Ϥĸо
ǲǣԼıԴ֮ҲǡԷıԴ֮֮ģһսһࡢ˲֪ٸս
ǿơŹʤơڤߣ˼ڤǿ֮⣬ҲҲԽɶԷԴϰöԷֶεĴڣ
ڤʶλڤޡڤޣ֤ԭļڤʣڤ˴ڡڤ򽣺ֿԿ֮ͨҲ֤ڤʲֻϧռڤȴҶɼָ֮ˣڤڤҲʧȥˣΪʤĻᡣ
ҲͰˣͨڤʣҶɸǷ֣пͨɱ壬͹亦ǣνıԴɣ
⻹ֻҶɵĲ²ѡǺȷµҡǲǻֱӶҡıԴԣûԳ֣úħڤȥ顣
ڤľеͣϮɱǿߵٶȲ졣ǣħɱڤǿߵٶȣȴʮ־ˡҪ֪ԭħ൱ڶ⼶ڤʴڣʮڤʣڤڤмڤСΨڤʣڤ˴ˣħһֽţڤʸɱ֮նɱڤǿߣֱ̽ȡɼ򵥡
Ҳʱ䣬Ҷɾ֤ʵԼĲ롣ڤȼСȷпܱʱǬתһֱռϷԼȻǿ汻ǹһ㣡
Ȼκһڤ˵ὫǱıԴƬȥڤһ̶ȣڤ˽ܿͻ𡯵תȥʱıԴҲ亦
ҶȷЩͼǿ֮սͬпս֡ЩƵͼǿߣʵ
ߵĵͼڣΪԴߵĵͼڣΪռԷıԴߵĵͼڣֻҪһʤΪǵĴߴȥӮսҪ롭ڤߣΪĽȥ֪֮ЩǿߣΪǹȥʲô
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һףһǺӰĻصĻǹͷ֮ϣγ˹ģҲΪȹ̵ķߡ
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ԭҶΪֻٽ߾룬ܽǷ컭顢˭ôխķȦⷽȥ롣
ȻҲôģԣųϵıǿ̬ƣûиıκβԡ
һֱڤһۼžҪħҡԴܴ죬ò˵ʱҶŽĻع
ףȦȻֻô󣿡ҶɺЩ졣
ȥ죬ҶɾͻᾲĬĬһһΣҶȴһ̬
ǶĸˣҲһ֣
ҶɴЦţͽһõ˳ȥ
ԴʮĲ㣿͹ɵһ
ԭʮĲǿߣԴʮϵĴһǣоҶɽֻһȽӽԴʮĴڡڣһ¶ݣԾʱϵľѹȻﵽԴʮĲ㣡
شжʧҲ͹ã£ҶɻʲôǿֶΡ£Ҷɵʵ绹ǿ
ҶҪľЧֻҶԼ֪ԴʮĲѾǵԼܼǿֶΡ
ȴʾǿڤһξϲġ͵͵һ
ȷҶʾǿңΪǰ֣ɹ͹Ϊ⻹ǿҶɡرǹûȫ״ʱû֣ɱҶɡ뷨
ӣ͸ҶһѵĻᡣһϢʱ䡣ͳŹ
ÿһʲôϾҶɾҲֻʩչԴʮĲѡ
ǡÿһжŲֵͬ⾳ϢЩζԶ⾳Ϣ͹ãҶԶȥô򵥣
һΡҶΪĵˡһΣϿˣҶǲսĵλݡ
رǹ֪ԼѾﻢ¡
ʮһδսɱδԼͿ϶ֻһ֡
ڣԭмһ˵ֻϣȻ¶ôصֶΡ͸ùãʮ׵ֻϡԼֻ·һ
Ϊûп֮ǰ͸ӲԸҶֻһ򵥵ĹܽҶҲֻأûн
䣡
ҶɵȫйķϡһõŹ⣬Ŀѣԣ̾ѡ
ֻǣֻҶߵĴڣ̾Ͼ
Ī쵽ԼķֶΣȻЩɶļ
Ҫ֪Ѿǿ˼ʱ䣬ûиȸо
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ңҶɻɹһսʱ䲻ϵԼ㹻ԣʱ䣡
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ôϵһСӣôܲǼλǰ˵ЩҵĺûһҾ͸лͥ
Ҳлһ죬ͥˣɽпЦ
ͥԴڵʥءڶɽȳڵϣȴƺԶṳ̂ͥǿ˵ͥǵʥأһģصɴɽͺһŮȴʼ޷һݵɫ.ǣڵȵһһ׷Ļᣬܲϲ
˵ɽҪһ챦
Ϊͨ챦ͥϵǼλֱӽԣƽƽģڷʯԭֻСɫĶɽҡһ䣬ռݾȱұ˷ʯǸҪ£Ľڡ
ǣڶɽոս챦óʱҶɵĬĬ˵ˣ
ˣҲˡʯһڶǿߣͺֻΪʲô飬ԲŻᵽ账ǣҶȴʮǹʱϣȻ֡
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ǺǣЩ½ϵֵƳġҢƼֵܣܹսͥմ
̶һ仰ȶס˷ɵļɣĸ߷ɣ¶ûķݣһ
ȻҪǣǶɽֻڸ˵ʵͬʱҶɣԼλǰʲôϵ
ɽ˼ԣСӣӷһ㣬λӵ棬Ҫ˵СԶͥ
вЩ²ɽ׵ǿ˵ȻʮֹáǣҶԭͱȶɽߵö࣬Դ֮óľǿ˵ɽⷬˮƯ
Ҷɲû˵ֻһ˿ԥɫȻ󣬾΢΢Ĵͷ
ģƳһҶɣȻ΢΢ЦҪǾ͹ϲˡҽ黹þȡͥʸɡҢǰǸæˣòҪĴ
ɽŭɫһҪ˵Щʲôɸɽᣬ̳ҶɣЦʵλγƺʲôʱķʯǰĿ̫ϸˣǷʯǳŴڣҾȻڲ֪
ɵĻҲúܡĵطڣòƺģѯҶɽʯǵʱ䡣ʱ䣬Ƕɽʹš
ȻҶɻûпڻش𣬶ɽѾʹҶڿڻش𣬶ɽá
س˵ĻҶɡʯǵʱʮǰɡΪæûڵصģ֪˵׼׼
ɽˣǰЩҲʹˡǾ仰˵ɶⲻǰװ͸Ǹᣬ׷ȥ
ʱɽûʶҶô˵ǹġϾڶɽԴʮĴڡȻź磬֣ҲϲɵģԽƳԴʮ챦ԣҶ˳˵˾䡰̫æҲʲôϡ档
ԣŷɻûм׷ʣɽæǿв죬˵ǰǰϵֵܣ绹ǵ˵㡣ΪƳ챦ʵ̫˵㡣ʮǰ
ʮǰΪʲôҪֳ챦͵أ߳ʡ
㣬ʲô˼ɽЩҡʮڷ˵ֶθ
ʲô˼Ц˵ʮŹ֧ԴʮģǿߣҪʮ֮깤ҲЩѰɣɽλҶϵֵܣΪƣǿֵܸ
Ĵʷ쳣񣬼öɽʹ֪һͣͻʮּ֡Ϊ֮ƣֻмϣڣҶܹԼ˵
ڸղţҶʮϵľٶɽ˺ܺõӡڣɽˣʮǰԼþŻҶɣԼһ⺦˵Ҷɣ
ġǡҲϡƽΪƵ飬ɽѾ֪ٴΡЩūֶۣǿȵǿȵģûбɽҾֻԴʮǿߣǵʯǲ
ΪϰˣԾͲΪȻ֮顣ԴĴڣҲ⡣ǺԷļɣɽߵ
ߣ䣬ҪǲңȥҶֵܣЩ꣬һҪ֪ͨˣ˽ֵǽΪҶҵĺӵأ
ȻѡԵʮǰԼĶ٣ɽɵӣ֪ҶɵĻشҪҶ˵ЩԼĻô˵ģⷬͣ϶ͻΪӰҲԼˡ
ԣɽҲʮִģһŵԡȻ˵ԸҶɵҸǿʦңҶɵ˳ΪҺӵܣ
飬ֱǲ˼顣֪ɽ׵ǿߣȻͻ֪ɽȫں˵˵
ǣƫƫɺͷ仹ûֱӽҴϾνöСѲʱɺͷ仹ĸɽ
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ҶѣЩԴԴĸԸƳԭ򣿡˵Ҫ£˵һǸ
ǿʱǿơβܴԸ
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ǺǣҶɵ۾ܿٵƳƳȻĸԸģǺǣĸԸġ
ʱɽ΢΢üͷûʶҶǹ
ûûҶֵܶ˵ˣĸԸģߣ账ɵľۻôᣬҶֵǼôлͥ˵Ҷֵܼ䵽账ģӦúݺݵżڣôܹɳأ飬ҿ϶Ҫϱʦˣ
ɽ˵ǽи̹̹ǽиȻͺʯǾֻôһʶˣǿ߶
ڶɽһʼڣԼµŵҲܲˡȵҶֵܽͥΪĵȿòƿͷ֧ƱȴпʵֵŵԡڣԼȷǸǿߣĴڡڶɽѾ㹻ͻ¼Ҳжٱˡ
˵ɽڷʯˡԴӵϵĻսʼĵλͽڽô΢ĩ磬ԼȫûоѪϴսƾʲôڷɡȴǰ˵
ɽѾϰˣÿ˳ͻ֮һǿӲ̬ȼֶټӳ...в۶Էôţ棬ͻԴȥڶɽһεҲѡ
ǣɽȴ͹ˣһηɺͷļɽûϵҶһʯ֮ƣõǶôôԿ졣
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ŷɵĻ˵ڵĶϼȻȴóļ塣ҶⷽӷչƼѡϼ塣Ҫ֪ϼ֮ͥеʮңţһңϰøֶΣ
˵ֽ꣬˵ǿߣͲɽκβĻᡣ
ҶֵܿƳˮ׼ԴԴ棬ȻûκҪĵġңҷɿԳΪҶֵܵĹɱǹеһɣҶֵУԣҶѻбʲô뷨Ҳѡ塣ֻҪ㹻ͥеκһ塢ѡ񣡡
Ҷ۾͵һһ̣ǱˡûϵȻȻᣡ
ģ˵ͥһڣΪ칬֪Ҫٻ۳پпܼ칬

˵ô˷ͲûĭɵļһʱɵˡǶɽҲ칬һò׳ֵĲ˵Ļᣬװ˷ѡ
ȥʮϢʱ䣬ɷŶ񣬺εЦǺǣҶ֪ӵϴڵļ塢޷ȥѡ칬ӵкöڣ˵иǿĳȻڡԣǺǡ
ɾãԼЦûôɵǶɽãԼûôˬ
ڸղţɽ֣Լȫ·硣ڸղţɽһη֣ҶɽҷԼǿֵƳ챦飬ôԼͻԲ˶ߡڸղţɽԼҪùˣǣڣɽһεģЦ
Ҷ칬Ǿ͸ӦüǶϼˣһԪɾֻǶϼУкüŴڣұ칬У칬
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ɽ֪ʱ˿̣ҶʲôֻɺͷɫѿֻãԼһ˵ʹ졣
ߣͣˣ°ӣΣ
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úñ֡ǱֳţҪֳ֡ɽãҶôϵļһӦòҪԼٶ˵ʲôˡڶɽǰҶ֧֧ᣬֻǱɺͷˣûʲôϡ档
ҶЦаŭǷ˫һԴô򵥵飬ȻӷŪʯǸڻʩչֶΣָԽ򣡣
ҶʮλҢ½ôԼļƻȫʧˡ֮£Ҷɲòһ֮Ӱһ·ɺͷ˼롣
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ڶɽЦǺǣҪעѶ챦ʱɶȻ˫һһţ
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ڣһػ졣ڣ±ü򵥡
һڷʯǾ账ģǿߡ
ںӣĿҴ󺺣ȻҲֻԴʮǿ߶ѣ侳൱ǣϵľѹоƺԴʮĲķɸǿ
ʱҺͺħѾһһңվҶɵߡҶɿʿǿߣǺﴫʵͥеǿߣѹԴձǿ󣿡
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ҶֵܣȲҪҼܿͻˣ
ǡʿĹЦһϷˬˬ͸ˣͻˣ

ǿߣǸҽϺõģǸҲԸģЦ侮ʯ飬˭Ըɡ
ʱɽǵͨ졣ǣûղԷɡֱֵӷЩڶҵǿߣɽƨҷһ
ڣʿȻЦϷʣȴҲûдߴҶѡһŴڣرŴڣҪ㻳ֶΣǿƵġǶҲѰңܲĲȶҢӡ
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ҢǵԼţ˵ìͷָԼΪҵŭĿӣø˵úܡ;ã͸˳ʤûͺãԼѾ⼸Ҹ˽¡
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˵ǶҢ˵סһϣΪָ칬ķ칬ǺεȺ˵ڣ칬ķǼֵεȾ˵ܣĳȥˣ˵ԴʮˣԴʮżڣ¶Ķѣ
ʱʿ˾ĳױԭǶ׼һЩ롣ǣҸĳ֮ǾֻܿЦ

ҢĴЦ絤˲ٶӼ⼸λŵĲĶ㣬ʿ㣬㣬šҶʲô룿ףɴѳΪһûϣ
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ҢЦţҶɵ˵˵ͷǾҶϼһԱˡЩ飬ҡ
һȡҶ΢΢üͷǻûѡôͱɶϼһԱˣ

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ˣʲôˣⲻܰ
һҢ˵Ŷ㲻֪һϵľΪôֲ˼ѾԴʮĴڣò˶ٸԪʱ䣬˼ҾܳΪҶҵ̫ϳϡδһϻпܽڣһλշѵǻʲôģ
ǺǣǰˣȻǸɽֹʮ־塣ҶЦ
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Σ֪ܲܰȫִνǣһ⡭

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Ī壬Դʮ㡭ţǿ߱ӻӦÿԶ˽٣
ĵ˵ͷʹج裬Īڵʱգ˲ƶȥ

ֻǸԴʮǿߣǳϵĺʣҶɰЦţʿ㣬ϵĳʱķϣӳȥһ챦
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ҲҶܽ⣬磬ҶɾͽҲûҵϸʯħȡЩԼܾãԼܶǿߣ߲㼶ֶΡ

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ԶڤڤҲ˲ͬĵͺ֮
ҲǿˣرڤڵʱսҲࡣرǹĶսУʲôĲп᳡ûмʶѪɣп˾
Ϊͬܣ
˲пı棬Ӿϵı档Թ챦еľǿߣ·ãԼĵҲѪɣ
ʱڤڤڤͲٿ챦еľǽʶͳͳ˻κһ˿ųȥ
۾ûбϣϾȥ챦Ҳܿ챦еľ
ǲԼͬģĿ뿪𴦿ȥʱǷŷ֣֪ʲôʱԷѾεڵأ
ڤȥģԷǲǱղŵġͬܡ̼˹ȥ
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ڤɵ
Ҫֻ֪ǸոտʼڣҶʽǼƵ챦ֻոչȥʱѡһεҶɱعƣҪʱ䣡
仰˵ѩţһͿ쳣˳ģʹﵽ˴˴ĿģҲҪ챦жʱ䣡ڣʱֻոչȥô㣬ĲпᣬȻѾﵽ̶ֳȣ
ʦͽ֪ˣڤһݣԼĴڡ
ҪҪͨҪǣҪģǼᶨǺη
Ҷϰı֣ııֶΡȥ⡣ǣҶǹĺݾȴǳ󼰡
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ħǺܺõӣħ֪챦ı˺ܿûжʱѾսսģЩҪùˡҶɵļ֣ҶɵֶΡħҲû챦ʱ֮Уôջ
ֱǿУǰУû֧ţעһ޳ɡΪʲôΪԴǿ߹ͬ׷Ϊʲô֧ͥһصڣΪ֮Уӵδģ˵Ϊ
Ҷɵһѵ⣬ոʶһη˳ѩŲпʼţпı棡

ҳһͷ̾Ҷ磬ֶΣǷ˼ֶڶԵ棬£Ҷ󶯸ɸ꣬ܰѵ˸ˣ
ǰǰҶ㱻ˡħٺЦţͷǡ
ȴ˺ħһۣѵҪװ
ѵ˵ʲôħͷ
ȫ˵ˣû˵Ϊ˵ʲô˵ǣֶΣתɶԵֶΣѲɣ˻ɵģⶢ챦
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ħЩԺˣ£˵ֶΣɶԵеֶΣѲɣֱӽ˸챦
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ϣսǿߣҲʲôսսŵǿʼҶҪԼеİ֣ܸϲ¥С
ħ˵ͷȥһߣбչʱҶתͷңЦʵ£пı棬Ŀˣ
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ʯʯֲҲϡпı桯һ⾳ѧϰ򣬱ҸӺʡ
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ɹ⿪ǲУҶΪпı桱⾳֮һ
Ҷ⣬⾳ӦԴʮϵǿߣܽϺõĸоǣȴԴʮľΪѾ⾳
⣬ǹ⾳ȫҶɽϢȫңϣڵִŵ֮ǰܴһʽͨ
صĵ˵ͷҲѡ˸طбչ(δֻû뵽Ķ1549.󣡣һ4000ִ£
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һȥˣȻ챦ҲԼ֣ҶɵĿ⣬Ǽϡ
ѾǱƿԶûеǸ׹ǾܹӳԴʮ
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֮󡣾ȻܴﵽԴʮ˲㣡㲻ͶκҲԲǷ׾ᰣ
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ʱҶɻʱǵỨ˼ȥ塣ǣĳɳϾһ֮ԿԴʮĴڣڵҶƿء
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Ҷɻһʵ֣ħıƷ໥ӡ֤ģҶ˲ıر
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ʱ꣬Ѿûκ֮ĹֻдﵽԴʮϵĴڲܿü񣬱ѾﵽԴʮһҶɣȻѾûκ⡣
䣬ǼȴԳ档ţڵǸ棬ڼ䡢ʶоȫ
壬ʶ壬壬֮ĹԣҶѾʮȥΪֻܴ䡣ڣѾʮʧȥҲһпԼʽһǿߵ䳤ñȥ
仰˵ڵʿ꣬ʵֻһ壡
֪ϼ嵽ӵкε֪ʿѧ˶١ʿѧֵ᲻Ϣ
ȫʿļ֮ǰЩⶼû׼ȷ𰸡ǣҶţҼȻܹΪͥʮң϶ӵʲô˲õֶΡ
ʿ㣬ֻܶӵһج裬ͿԲ²ҲСеλ֮ԻجΪڣѳԼҵλҲȫûеĺֻеλʿ㣬ˡ
ҶûжǱֱʩʿļ塣ҶɱڵľΪҪһѡҶҪΪᣬһĥԼ
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ԭʿȲڼеλϸߣҲôۺԭõһϹҵĴУ
ʿܣڣܡȫҪҶɡϲҶɣʼ˸ϸµ̽ܿ죬һǸϹҵַҶɵǰչ˳
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һΪѾԳƵʦַһʲôԿʱ
ʮҶڿƳԴʮ챦ͥеб׼㣬ҶȷʵѾʦǣҶɿǰȫµֶ֪֮ԼǾ֮ܣ
ڵַȽϣһַٿԽԼϣ
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ζţֶΣԼܴ󸻴ҲΪԴ
ҶԼ׷Ǿ綼ԽԽߡǣҶʮ˶ãҾͻΪԴͣͲǰҲΪԵʣԣҶɲЩûѾʡϵĴ͵ŵȥͬΪԵʣҶҲòһĳͥⲻֻΪҸԶԿ׾ĴɽͬΪ˻øԴ
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ڲǰҶΪԼҪǿΪӴԴŬƴˡû룬ʿļԼȻһֶΣ
רΪ߽ǿԴ϶Ͳ÷ǲǣѡĳ塢
ˮ׼ʦʦսǿҲûмߵȼڸǡϾЩǿӵд֧ߡЩ֧УԲȱ߳ʦ㼶ߴڣ
˵ĻҶɲʲô塢ˣҲǱ˵飿ǣԴʮ˲ķ׾᰹ǿҶɸͲĸԸȥѡʲô塢롣
ȥ죬ҶɼĳΪ춼ãԼĻƾҶɵı£һǼǰ֮иɵˣȻ⵽ҵķ񹥻ҲȻסᰵɱС
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ʱĲģҲͬСӡʱĲʵֻض챦ԡڱ챦˵ЩǱƷ
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ȻҲǿ߳Թǰ׼һЩϣֽ챦ǣЩⱸµĲҲҪͻҲָͬѭȥǵⲻܵõʦҲΪͬʱƶ챦۵þƣֽţԭҪƵ챦Ҳܴɣ
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һһĿһϹҵַҶΪ˷ܶ΢ɫʼնûȥ֡(δֻû뵽Ķ1550.ִŵǣڶ

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ϧ󷨻ûдҶʮϧҡҡͷ
ʿļ䣬ҶҲûз֣Խһϵһ󷨡
Լ췢ҲǼ顣һŵۼžͿҪִʱҶɶûһ
ҶҲûоɥϾҲо˲ʮʱѡ
׼ˣǳȥ
ҶվˡĿԷ϶ͣһԷɫһ΢΢ͷ
ԭԷѩǵβġǣʮǰѩɹĴ챦˳Ȼ󣬽ʮʱ䣬ѩľͿʮ㣬һ׵Դʮ㣡
Ȼ˵ڵѩ黹Զﲻͥʸ񡣸˵Ҷͥĵشǣδ֮·Ѿ״򿪣δ˵ʮֻԻͣҲһƬ
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ЩҶɳĥ󷨣ǰԷΪΣԷҲֻصŮˣҶɲܲ
ǣҶľˣԷҲֻ׵ԴʮŲѡ˷ѵԴȥˣʮ߰˸ƵĴڣҲûκ⣡
ԷɫΪҲ֪ԼʵǹҶɵڴ۽ǵƳλ緢ѩ㣬Է͸ǾԱ
Ҷɰҡҡͷ飬Ҳûκΰ취ǵǿڣҲܵġﻹõѰʲôŴڣ
ĿԷ뿪Է֮⣬˵ĽչҶʮ⡣
ѩͲ˵ˣôпԭǱеѾ״δķչռ䡣
ڤڤ塢ڤҲΪԹ챦ǡпı桱ӶΪõ˲̶ͬȵ
Уڤٶ죬ȻһԽ㣬ɹԴʮ㡣棬ȻҲҶṩ֮ԭ档ǣסڤԼ
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ǡȶԣħĽٶȾ̫˵㡣ƷչȥڤڤͻᳬħڤҲпܣںħ֮ϣ
ҶҲͬΪͿħǱôΪԼĴ˺ħȡ֮ķ£ħԽԴʮ㡣
ֻңԱʢǰ
ҶɵĽ飬רĲ򡰲пı桱Ҫһ⾳һʽͨڴͨĹУҵľ粻ϷִʱҲԴʮĴڡʱʮ֮һԾ׵ԴʮŲ㡣ǵԾĲ㼶֣Ҳһڤˡÿһ㼶ԾѶȣҸԶԶĳԽˣ
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һõĻԵԶҶ࣬ûʸˡұ󲻶׷ϣѹʮ㣡
ϵģʮĴ͹УҶɳרĴе󷨣ǰԷڤΪԼľΪûκα仯ıԾԴʮһѡ
Ϊҵҵģת֮ӶһҶȻӵʮ߸ﵽԴʮĲ
ҲҪͷˡҪ֪ת֮Ҫڵ˺ֱ֮ڣλƿ壬ûջָ˺֮ķʱȻ޴󣬿ǣ֮ÿһЩ˺֮ͻһЩǸָ˺ֶ֮֮ǰֽ޷ת
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ҶĬĬ˼ŵʱԭȹ̵ĴͷռȻһ󲨶ŵǵˣ(δֻû뵽Ķ1551.ǧݷʼ4000ִ£
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ٿ֮䣬ǧȥ
ֻһ׹˸ҶȻһϵ챦棬Զɳǿƶ
ʱҶѾ˳ȥҶѡļ壬λһΪɳǵڡɳǾһƬǼʴͷ̫Զһʲô顣Ҷɾܽ˳ǣٶ߽ĳǼʴС
δʤܣδգȶơʱҶɣȻʮֳȣɳƵ㵽©
ҶҪȥɳǣ̻ĴӪ̻֮ͥСŵϺŵĴ̻ᣬҶǴ㰵н̻𲽴Լʦͷ
챦ҶҫΪƳһ챦ҶɷǵľԼļҵǱ任ݣһЩĸ߽ǿƳ߲㼶챦ܹϡ
Դʮϵ챦ŵϣҲǺ۵ǿ챦
˵ǿߵȼԽߡԽƳ߲㼶챦Ʒ󡭡ЩСʵҪǿ츳СڰǶʱҶѾˣټһŵϣԴʮϵ챦ѾԴʮ챦֮١
ʹһ챦̻ĴӪɳǣȻˣӡҶҲϾֿ⣬ü鲼ͥĵشĴԼҵơ
ڰ·ٷˣҶ˺üЩ㼶ԴʮϵǿΪ׾ʰҶɡǣֵʱǷŷ֣ȫͲ´ˡ
һ˸ߴԴʮһǿ֪Ȥ뿪ǸΪ󵨵ģΪߴԴʮ߲ǿڽּк󣬾ˣٸҶɲ
һ˸µ󷨣ԭΪ죬û룬жҲʮ־
ǸԴʮ߲ǿߣǱ󷨸뿪ֻӴУǸǿǿͺȻ֣һԼ׹󷨣ԼпܱҶɵ챦ϣ
һ˸൱һ󣬾൱һͬƾҶѾϣƳԴʮ߲챦ǸǿǡǡԴʮ߲Ĵڣû뿪ҶɻĴ㣬ϣ
ǿǿ֮䣬Ҳ˿˿ϵġǿ飬ŵϣͲĸǿֵǰҶɡ׹˸챦֮ϣҶ緢ĺо
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һֱҶɶǷǡڣΪ˽ɽǵСɫҶɶı֮֮ȥͷһ¶ɽΪǵȴڣȫԼ⡣Ǳ᰷ԼҺĵгôᰲԳ֡Ҳ˹鷳
ڣҶһЩҽаʱʱڼп̴ߵ̻ᣬҲǼصģ챦ľ˿ͣ
ֻҪᰲԶ֣ôҳεǿߣҲη壡
ҵҶҲѾһ顣ȻţһͿųĴСηĺݽɫǣǿȴô٣Ͽ֮⣬ǿǿߣһԴʮŲ̫ϳˡ
Ȼ˵޵ϢԼ˵һмĴڡȻֶô׳
Ȼ˵ЩԺĵʮӡһĵӱɱܵʲôвôھͻɳǿڡݡǣϾҶɿȥֻԴʮľΪʵϣıڲֻԴʮ˲ѣ᰿Ҷɵ˼Ҳ̫ɳļ֡
Ǹ̫ϳϡҲӦò̳˵ҵһǰǿߣܿһ˾ܸ㶨
һ˶סͿǼشȡϵﰵĳҵ̫ϳϳҲõʲô
ҶɼǴƣǰλشڽáַټҶɶⷨԴʮ챦ģ壡
Ҷɲṵ̂ĲϣǶǼشڴԼȡһѡһҶͿƽʡɵϡЩЩشڸҵۺҲǳҶȥʡʡ˭Ը⵱ԩͷ
Ǽм˵Ļ˵ҶѾУΪʦеĵһ˵ơһҶܹƳԴʮ챦ôĳǿߣԸҶɽ鷳ĳЩڵĴ鷳
ʵҶȫԾڵչȫôŵģշСǣƫƫôˡΪڵѾ𽥿ʼսң
Ҷɵĸԣ۲ġڣΪǰ֮ǿù֣йһԥ֮⣬ʱͲԸǿǰͷ
Ǻڵģ̻ǰ׵ġڰ֮УѾһЩѣһЩ֡׵֮УҲһҪҵ㹻ǿİ֣
ɳ﷢չĲڲϼ洫ӣң洫зͷܾĴڡҵǱ԰ң﷢չһЩ׵ϵİ֡
޼ҵڲǿԣŵ֮⣬ϼô
ҲԶŵϣҵĴӪǣҪ뱨ѩޣпܣұһǣ
ˣ̻İԵʮҪ̻òƸϼһûͥĵشռһǡǣʵϣ̻ͥĵشΧͳͳСŵǣ
Щ̻Ϣͬڵ磬ЩԼҵмˡܶʱ򣬴ӵ紫ϢҪȴõϢõöࡣΪȷЩϢ׼ȷȣҶɷŽĿ꣬Ϊ̻ᣡ
ϼǵȴڣҲ̻ϵɳУϼһҵ
׼ȷ˵֮ͥУʮ嶼̻ϸһҲ̾ͻ̻֧֣
ʦ۵ʲôط𾴣õģﰵİңͥʮң͸˵Ȼ˵Ҷ˽⣬Ϊ߶սԭʮҶûͥĵشУռһɳǡǣҶҲʹСЩҵ͡
ڵңֻƳԴʮ߲챦ʮ壬ٿƳԴʮ챦
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ٺ٣ΣһȻӣǳ׿ǼͽͰɣǿǻͿúš˺ٺٴȤ
꣬һȻʲôҪͣȻϸԳ죬뿴Ц
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ۣţǺŰεӦøλҶʦϵû׼迵ǸɵxȻƣ

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ЩΪĴڶ֪迵ܹ֮Ϊʮ֮һɳǵܹܣǿǾ֮
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Դͻ̻ᵱн飬ܶġ̻᱾֮Ҳû˭йڲƭҵ˼ڣ۶վҵĽǶȿ⣬վԼĽǶȿ⣡
򵥵˵迵ڣҳԲ˿
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ڹϣ̻Ļ᳤Ҳ̻ĵߣѾﵽԯʿȻЦţӵʮϣ

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Ҷ΢΢һЦȻ顣ֻƽ͵˵ȶʤΣǿһٶȣƷʡڳĶʦǿ϶ҪԼԵǳˣңҪѡһϷٷϻвȶĵѣ
˵գԯʿͣרų쳡˵ʮҵǿ΢΢˵ͷȻֹ⿴˿迵ٿ˿Ҷɣ뿪˹¥

ٺ٣ҶʦҪҪһģԯʿ뿪֮迵һվƤЦⲻЦģҶЦ
ʲôҶȻģͺûо迵ѹһѹûվ˼
̬ȣ˭óҶ֮⡣Ȼڳû˭֪Ҷɵкƾ̡ǣƾҶָʮҺĵһǿ߰
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Ҫ֪Դʮϵ챦Ѿѵһ챦ڳĸʦӵԴʮ챦͡ǣЩⱲӼҲֻȲ㼶챦ѡ
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쳡ЩǿߣȻûۼʶǼϵ챦ǣͨ幹Ӵ鱨Ҳٵģ˽⵽һЩǼϵ챦ϡ
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ԯʿ˲֪ǣҶɵȷӵгǿǣŵģȴǾԴʮ㻹һξʵΪԯʿ

׿סȫ棬ҶɷȻ˵ǰɳǵ·ϣԳʮˣȻңвҡǰ迵һ迡壬ߣЦ滢һԽԴʮ˲ĴڣȻƫƫҪѾΪѹƵԴʮ㡣ϲ⣬ɼһߣ
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һЩͷѵǿߣѾּ֣˵ķѾ˺üΡǶʱãʵ̫Ź˵㣬ǲҪΪ
һЩκǿߣȻûнǰһ𿴴ǡҲѾᷳ
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ող˽Э飬ڿѾû˭ĿŵĳҶˣԯʿֲ˵
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ֻǣҶûϵǣʵнֻص顣ֻô΢ľΪﻹпһֱڣ

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ʸͺˣôʲôλҶĳȰλһ䣬Ϊ˸Ե棬ɣ

ȻҪǣȡǱʳ󵥵ʸ񡣲迡ǿλҶʦУʲô飿ϣ
ȻҶɲû֤ԼҲ迡һţ档ǣϢ֮󣬾ҲûʦעҶ迡֮
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迡ΪҶɸղһ˵ǣȫΪԼʱ򡣾ԯʿҲͬΪҶԼ֮ܿһα¶ѹֶεʱ򡣺ȻҶɳϵģȻƴ
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˵һҶɸղ˵Ƿǵû迡岻УǸӾã迡Ī⣡
϶ĿռλвʦΥΪԯʿȻܹó
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Ҫ֪һȶ᳡رÿһ֮ļֻ֮࣬ңѡô롣ЩԴʮϵĴ˵ֱͺǷ˼粢վһôȻû˷迡嵽ûзԺηжôǿ󡭡ЩѾʧ˵ʦ迡壬ȻȻģһص¡
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УǿΪУΪ
ȻҶûչֳôǿʵȻġرǣҶɶѾ˵ˣԼҪ迡ٶȡٶȾȻܲ˱֣
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⣬ΪԯʿɫصģʵǴ飬ȷϣ̾͸칬λһεշǱѰе棬ܶռһ־һ֡칬Ҳƽ޹ʵʧ֣
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Ͼһ顣ϾΪ飬ԯʿϧڲѣҲҪʱһλ᳤
飬ⳤϸһģȻãҶɿ϶ûɶ¡ǣȴǲһӦԯʿĳѯʡ
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Ȼһƿռλ֮ȴԾ޷󷨣ԯʿʮ־İ뵽Ѳɣľʵ
нĴڣܹᵽӷ֮ģ־޴ޱȵķԾ
Ҫ֪Ȼ˵ԴʮŲ㵽Դʮ㣬ڼֻһࡣǡҪԽһȴҪκͻƸ߳ǧ򱶵Ŭ
ҪŬҪˣҪ֡ѾԴʮŲ㲻֪ٸĴڣŬ̶ȲǻԵδԲ㣡
޴ĸԼ̵ҪȻԤʾԴʮȻǿǰҲԭЩûļԴʮŲǿٶ࣬ҲûͥзһĳСУһڣСҲһʸפͥ
ԯʿΨĴڣܸĴ⡣ڣԼĿռλ֮ȻҶѹסô˵ҶɵľѾﵽ
߿У칬λҲѾĿɿڴ
ɣôᷴѹסԯʿ
϶СʦԼҪСʦֱͣȥ칬ˡ飬ôȥĸţȴٳٲȥ
λ׼Ͼ֪̫Ҷɵ顣
ԯʿûȱˣǰûҶɵΪûܿⲢǴҶԼĿռλ֮

ҶɵĿռλһ˵ȣƤҪЦˡ
Ҷ磬һħĴָҶɵıЦתһΣռλ֮ǿᵽȳ̶ȡÿռλ֮вһӾԯʿ˸񣡡
ѩҲЦǰϵġ
ûпúսˣû룬һ֣춯أ
Ҷɵı껯ģ΢΢ЦĿ֮ܣȷʮֿ¡һܿƵס¾ͲԯʿԱ񣬶ұűˣ
ԶĹâһ󷨸ѹס΢Ĺâ
Ҷ֮ԸҹȻ֮࣬ԸҴĵǰɳǣļ֮⣬һâԵ棡
һâǼ챦
ٶǰƿǸͶˡ֮Ҷɷֵļʱܿ첼󷨽ѹٶǰҶɲǹˣشµڶָ
ҶɷоȻûܸǡ֮ԭǣȴһ֡Ķطţ
ַʱֲֻ²սУʲôĳУû˭ҰתĻᡣҶ΢΢ЦǼ֡λᣬǼҲһϻ֮
ħѩ顢ڤڤ塢ڤȻŵֲһǷ

ףЩ仯
ԯʿĲһЩ仯ȴûϵԴʮҵĴڡ
¾칬λΪҶɽĳڵֱ仯ʱǸΪҶӵڵİ֣
ǣҲûʶʵֶΣ÷ڵͺǸûпҶѹԯʿռλ֮󷨣⾳λ˹ϲµǧϢϢأ
һpkȿֿ֪֡̽ԯʿʵսԿһ˹ķӦߣΪۺڶ࣬ң
˭ƢԽĴڣԽƢԭҶɻûšpkķͷһ±ԯʿȥѹ֡ǣԼȻûһȶҪʱһʱľ
ʱֵĿѾﵽԯʿʵսҲһһƳҲҪģǿһ˹ķӦ
Ҷ˵˹ǧ󣬱ʲôҪҶʮǧйءôԼһѧ֣ԼսͿԻþ˵ķԾ
󷨣õʵսȥԴʮµκǿ࿹⡣ܹٽһôҾӵֿ࿹ֶΣ
ǣҶɷȥ˹ûб¶ԼҪʵϣ˹ıָλĳûʲôͬλʵϵͬΪҶɷѹסԯʿĹ飬״
ôҶɰüͷ
˹ı֣ʵҶɵԤϡԭҶɻţͨ˹ַӦһȥƲ˹ǧְּӵ̽ˣѼϢķǧ֮УҶɲ֪ùٴΡ֮֮ҲѸ١򵥵˵Ӱǧ֮УҶѾˣϢģȡֶܵΣ
ЩԴֶ֮ΣҶܹڶ̶ǧʱ棬սٶԽԽҪԭԭҶΪԼЩֶΣ˹͵һЩֶΡû룬pkԿȨ˺ħ֮ȴ˹κص仯
ѵʵԯʿǿ󣬵޷ӵʵ仯ֻߡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ˼άȻԾ󵨲²⡣
ֻߣֻǻպ«ưȴЩ⾳
Щ⾳жôӣҶᡣΪԴֿ󷨣Ҷɲ֪ٴαڣ֪ٴξʧܡкܶΣѾԼܿܳ׸㶨ˡǣȴɥķ֣Լȫˡֱһ죬ײһʶȥҳȷĵ·
ûҶԽԽԼûв´ܿܣһϵҲЩصίߡ˹ֻѧƤëͲ֪֮ڡԣЩ󷨣ȴûнԼ֮ϵһ𣡡
ʱҶɾͺеɥ
ܿ죬Ҷɾָеţȥʳ󵥱ʵܣ
ЩصίСһ˽ҵĴңȸĪ⾳֪᲻ͬһˣǲǣܵȻûᣬֱܹЩί˵
ԽԽԯʿҶɶʱ˾ԭֻҪԯʿ԰ˡڣĸǿ
ı֣ºѸЩί߼档ˣԯʿ͵ҵʯˡҵǿֶΣ
˿ֻһεģռλ֮ıƴǣҶ˵ȴ칬Ļ
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СʦܵĿռλ֮ǿˣʦܾĽеСʦܵĿռλ֮ȻԴʮ㣡
ԭСʦܱҾ˵أСʦݷǧꡣԭչ˳˳ˮģΪʲôȻ֮ѡع飬СʦܱڣӵԴʮľΪʦҲǺЦţҡͷ̾
ֵģרȥ֪ˣȥһùͷˡ
ô˵ʦҡҡͷ˵㿴СʦܲҲûֱɱȥ𣿿ɼСʦܱڣҲûаնùᰣ
ʦܵ˵ͷ˵λڵʲôʱؽСʦܵĿռλ棿Сʦδִ֮ǰǾѾʼעǣȴûзôǿĴְ߳
Ҳǹһսʦ΢΢ЦʱеڣңλѡСʦ֡ôһоͶ˵ͨˡ
ǵİɣǱĻʦ᲻֪ʦܲʵ
ʦֺٺһЦʦ֪ʦһ˵𣿷ʦܣΪڡƷǼΪ׷ǣԲŻСʦܣ
ʦ΢΢һ㶣ĬĬĵ˵ͷ
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ʱ˿̣Ҷ֪ԼĺȻȻԼλʦ˲롣ڵֻйעԯʿֻҪԯʿﵽԼĿģ
Ȼʮޣһ󷨵ڸ֮£˵ٸʦˣʮλͬﵽĳϣҲͬûпҶɵĿռλ֮Ȼǡ
칬λ֮⣬ֻԯʿԼ֪
⣬⣬Դʮ
ʱ䣬ԯʿ亹ˢһܿ죬Щ亹ֱԽԽߵ˲ɾ
ѹҪұȣѹұȣԭҪŻᣬгͷң
ԯʿˣΪǰҶ֣ûڶȶҪȫҶɹΪ֮ԯʿΪҶɾҪԼ֣Ȼݺݵģʮ޵ĳͷԼ
ԯʿоõֶȻͲԼ֮ƥСƫƫֱӹԼĿռλ֮ûκ˳Ʒ˼ר־ԼĿռλ֮ҪԼĿռλ֮Ƴʲô챦
ʱԯʿɫЩް
ˣǿڣҾȻŴ̽ûиҵϳңѾˡЩ˾ˣǧܶ
ԯʿҡͷû뵽ҶɵԼսȻݱģ(δֻû뵽Ķ1569.֮񣡣10000ִ£
ԯʿµõķһҶɸԼ
ҶӵֿԽڶֶΡǣһֶΣһĶرಫٶȡȶԣԵԶԶ
Ҳ˵ֶξֻܱҶɲֻԶݣҶԽսʤǿڡ
ԯʿ϶ֳϷһǺҶɵռ˸ˣԼܺõ
ȿȡ
һڽԯʿɫ΢΢Щ԰סЩľĿҶɣǸҶʦ˵Ķԣȷҽ͵Ĳ׼ȷϸĽһ顣
˵ţԯʿһ̻ǿߵλĻǿøոսԴʮ㣬һھḻȫƹԴʮ챦ʦǣģҷκһ˿ģۿǿʾռλֹ֮ĳʵ˺
黹ں棬һʾ֮ԯʿһʦ˵ҾãҶʦͲòμⳡˡҶʦӦоʸλʦΪΣ
꣬Σ
ǿΪԹ˲Ƶ
Ҷֱʦڣս˿ֲ˭Ҹʲô
ӦõģӦõġһʦͷҶɵ񣬶ľη
ݵĿҲеģرԯʿҶɸһλµ͵ĸˡĸ˿ѡ̻ᵱѣ̻Ĺ٣
Ҷʦȥһģԯʿѯʡ
˭֪ԯʿʲôҲû˭ΪԯʿôŸǿصĴڲȥ£ǲɵ
쳡˵ʮĽĿ˿ԯʿεİҡҡͷԭЩڶŽҶԼļ塣ڡǷ֪˼ҿԯʿڶԻܵĿֲǿߣԼССңôݵ
ܿ죬ʦעι˼Ǽ챦档Ҷԯʿ֮£Ѿ뿪䣬Ҳû˭˷ʱ䣬࿴һۡ

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ŸսĴңԯʿ˫ַһöָÿܲµó϶װżֵƵ챦
Ǻǣԯ᳤֮УҶɵȻһЦ֮£ǰҲѾԯ᳤½Э顣᳤κ⳥
ԯʿʱ;ã亹Ҫ৵һˡ
ǰղѾһ䡣ǣtmdû¡ҪˣֶΣ̽һЦƽòҪݺݵĽѵһ١Żɡ
ԯʿԽԽãҶսҶǿѹԼһֿռλ֮ΪԼӲŴĵҶɡڣҶɾܲӹöָԯʿãֻǲϵ⳥޷Ҷɸе⣡
ֻǹ¼ҹˣǵҲͰˡټһ̻ᣬҲòǣ칬λȻ㲻ãǵˮ׼Ȧ֮Уڶ࣬Ԯ
Ǵţ׾鷳ǣȴ칬λңԴҲûκжԭΪֻϧ֮٣ڿλҶʦֶͨ죡
¾ٸߣĪ֮µʱҲܻԽԽסҶõЩֶΣλʦֶףҲ²⣬˵ԯʿֲóڡ
ҧҧԯʿ˵ֻҪܹҶѸˣҶҪʲôԯʿᾡΪҶŪ
⻰˵Ŀɾ̫ˣֿǸ֮⣬ҲѾһš
ʵԯʿ֪ҶɲûΪԯʿŴ̽ûðɡϾվԯʿĽǶϣһʦӦһǳźþζԴվҶɵĽǶϣܹʹ̻ȥѰֻأڽƱǿпԯʿһƿռλ֮ԼеҲɢ
ԣҶɲûȥöָ޹Ӧ»ûٳԹҪʲô޶⳥֮£һһģҶɿɲ̰Ǯơ
˳ϿҵԯʿҶҲЩΡ֪ԼԾɼֲҪ⳥ôܻܿԯʿľսãԼΪǱڳСʱû̵ڳ˸ﰵﶼܸԼԵǿɾͺܲˡ
һҶʵ֪ϵǧ󷨣˭ڸģֻǳֶΡȴ⣬Ϊˣ
ԯʿһ
Ȼóϸǧ⾳
ʱԯʿͱҶȸĪ۹ŵð
ӵ۹ģӦԴʮ߲ϴڣѹ֣᰻ΪУ
ȶռλ֮ʱԯʿֻоˣԴʮڡȴҶɵ۹ƣóˡԴʮ߲㡱ڵĽۣ
ⲢҶΪ֮ǣԯʿԽԽסһСʱԯʿæԸӹ̬ȣشҶɵ⣺
˫ȵĳӰǰרʦ챦ƷǷеͨҲǴ˴γ󵥵ĳ֮һҶҪ
ˡûԯʿ˵ȥҶɾ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ֻպ«ưĲֶΣҶ˵ûж塣ҶʮԼ˹ѧֲֶΡҪв⡣µûϸڼʮʱС
Ѱǿ˵ֻ˾ǿߣĳ֮ķѸڼʮʱ䡣Ҳ㲻ʲô顣ǣһֱǰҶ˵ЧδҲ̫˵㡣
֪λӰϲʲô
Ҷɵ⣬ԯʿһȻǸҶ뽻ײ⣿¡
Ͼû޷׵Ķ
ԯʿĻδ䣬һˬʵĴЦ֮ʹ˹ԯʿɫ΢΢һ䣬Ͻվ˵ӭǰ
ƳҶɲδԯʿͷһתﴫҶѿλ˹ǰ칬Ϲͽ
Ŷ
Ҷ΢΢һǰλһϮ۵ӢӣǺЦ
飬Ǵʦڰаæ
һ⣬ڽҶɺǺЦţվȭʩ񣺡ʦ֣
׺䶥
һʦ֡ʱͽԯʿ⽹ۡʱ䣬޲þͺݺݵĳԼ¶ӡ
ԯʿԯʿɵxˡȻҼ̽칬ǿߵĵϸĻòͷˣ
칬˫ȡ¡֮ͥ˿ɵģΪǿ
ֻҪԸ⣬ǿɵĴݻʮ˸̻ᡣֻҪԸ⣬ȻĴ֣ҲסǵĹ
ʵϣֻҪǵĵϴԸԳ֣ͲóˡΪΨӵԴʮһ۷ڣ
Ҷһʦ֡гڣԯʿ˫Ⱦ̲סĲͣ˹ƳһԯʿǺǶȤԯʿô˺£뵱̸Ǯʱ򣬿һļģ˿òɿڰ
ԯʿʱ
˭֪Ȼţ棬ʱعءԣԯʿŸҾܵΪ̻ø档
ǣҲһǶԵ˲п顣˭еǿߣô˭ͻ֣֮
˵ǰҶɵġǿʵѾԯʿп಻ôҶɵݽԯʿã㲻ԼԼ̻ҷ
ڣҶɺܿ΢Ц˵ԯ᳤ĲôšȻķ̽ȷЩˬҲ̫ƽϡ

ԯʿڳһĨ˰亹ǿ߻ԳУܺõġҲû˭Ҹˡ
˹Ҳ΢΢ЦԯʿȷôšСʦʦԣ˭ܰСʦܱɱˣҲҲ硣
ǰ˵Цˣ˵Цˡ
ԯʿһЦһֹ߰Ҳ磿ɵӲŻš
˹ЦЦ˵Ҷ˵ҲӦ֪Сʦܵݡ
ףףʲôûʲôûпóģȫǰ֮ԯʿ˵ǱߵȶӦЩչˣȥλģ˭Ŷλ
ԯʿһ˵ţһ˳ҡ
ʦ֣ôְˣԯʿ뿪֮ҶɺǺЦʵʦ˵ҿƾԼ̤칬򡣾Ҳ
˵ԼǣҶʮıǣ칬ǣ˹ȴгˡΪʦ֣Υ˼Ȼס
˹ٺЦгֻҪСʦְˡСʦܵǰԤ֧СʦһЩ룬ʦ˼Ҳûз԰
塭
ȻֻǸոսӴǣҶɾѾףԼλʦǸϲӵĴڡϸһ룬ԼΪ˿ʵǾԲ̨Ŀӿɱȴʦöȥˡ춼ûаԼôȻҲѴʦȥؽա
ȻˣҾͲ˵ʲôˣʦʲôԸ;˵
Ҷ޵֮óľǲ֤⡣˹ֵ壬ҶᵽˡԸΪͬʦֵܣ׳Լ
˹΢Цŵ˵ͷֻҪСʦ֣ʦ֣ⷲʦ֡Ҳ￴ղһ˵Ӱ٣Ըȥ׷ɱǿˡ
˹һҶ򡣵ֻλʦָԼ֣ôʦ֡ʦأԶ
˹ǵЦ۾Ҷ΢΢˵ͷл
£òŽҿ˵˹Լ⣬ҶȻϤ˽⡣ԣҲͲټ⡣
ҶʦҪӰ⣬˵Ҳ򵥣˵鷳Ҳ鷳˹΢΢ЦţһָǳӰ˼ĺģһԴʮŲϵ챦ֻҪҶʦܹһ˵ǧ󷨵ˡСʦܿٶҪЩ챦ͨӰҲԥóȻǰǣҶʦܿɲܱ¶ݡ
Ҷɻĵ˵ͷɫ΢ʵʮŲ챦ֻʦǵȴڲƵóˣһɡ
Ȼ˹ҡҡͷ˵һεУп˵챦
ʱҶɵɫѾ²ΪԼղǷ˵ı֡ԣ˹Żô
˵ʦֵܣ˵˹ⷲѾʾáǣҶȴʮչһǿΪ硣ֻҪԼûչֳǶݵôǾײ
ʵϣԭȵļƻ˹ⷲ˲ûдھ͸ҶϡǰгְһҶɣܴҶõİʵҲڡСġ
ҶʦܣҲ㡣˹˵ǧ󵥣Ϊһר׼ǣԭǧ󵥣칬Լ˫ȡ£ȫԼ㶨̻ʲôϸ𡣿ǣһշǱѰҪרŵʦʦʦʦڱṩӦ֧ԮԣǾͽһʳ󵥣̼һЩڡ
Ҷڳ˹
ʵкܶʦҶĴɻǿȻ̻Ծۼôʦô̻ȫԼ󵥸ϾֻҪ̻ٿ˳롣£һЩʦʱ̻Ϳˡ
ڣ˹ĽҶɻȻ
һգеʦʦʦʦУ
ǺǡʵϣңÿҶֻڣʸμӴ˴칬СҸⷲ˫У˳Ӱ֮⣬İó˫˫ǵ˽ǿ͸áȫԴʮ˲Ĵڣ
˹ϸĽͣҶɵ¶һ˿ɫ˵ҿɾʹռˡ
Ҳ칬ռˡ˹һЦȻ˵ʵ˵ҺⷲҲڻɣҲвΪ֪ǿļ˽ȶԣǾֻһ»Ȳǡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷʵν֧ԮԶ֮ɡȻ޷ȥôȥЩ챦
Ҫԯʿˡ˹΢΢Ц֮ѡʱһǸҶʦβܻҪĶһǰôһԯʿרһ
ԯʿҲԽȥԴ˽ȥҶɵϣ¶˹Źֲɫ
ҶƲԯʿԯʿսȷʵôȻ浶ǹĸһܣԼ϶ԯʿĶ֡ǣҶȴʮԯʿҲ϶սµڡ
˹˼Ǹ֮ǿߵר֮ءɳģԴʮ˲Ĵڡɴ˿ɼȴڣȷȫ
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ҪԯʿȥѵǼԳȡ˹ǺЦʱԯʿ뼸ǿУΡɽ֮һ
ڼǰҶɻΡɽͷúõŻһ»ĦˡڿΡɽ֮ԿϸԼн²ֻǿԼǱҲв²Լԭ
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ܻõĳͣԤ֧Ӵʯ֮⣬ǽǴ֮أûϣ̵ô뵱꣬Ϊ̵֮˵ôԲͻʮľƿճΪĴ֮һ
˹ἰҶɾѾ²֮Եڶû˳ԼΪ˹ⷲλʦְгԵʡҶ֪Ȼ˹˵ӡǣԼҲ϶ʲôط˹æֲϰװƣô˹ȥ
ҶɸǽһĲ뵽
ǰʦû¶棬¾ΪܰϵĵطȽ١ڣʦ֮Կ¶ˡǾΪΪҿ֮аϴæ
ֻһסͲ˵ʲôˡ⽻ƫҶһߣҲֹԣ˹ģ˵һЩõϢ֮ҶɺǺЦ
ʦ֣ͲٶȦ˰ɡʲôҪʦҰæģ뾡˵
ȻǽףǿϲĺáԼĳܲҲǰ˵
Ҿ˵ˣ˹ĿҶһۡ˵ԭҺֻⷲСʦ͵͵ƫǣֻҪСʦܹǶһЩֺõ챦Сʦܾ͹ͲСһСʦЩ飬ҲͲΥʦ˼ҵˡ
ǾڸղţǾȻСʦʩչ˲ԴʮĿռλ֮Ǿá˹˶١һĿҶһۣż˵СʦܺСʦܵͬǡܰϸæ
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ʦΪڰæңֿϽҵĿռλеԣʦֲŻҪĽף
ҶҲ˵ЩȻʦֵܣȻ˹ԼסᰣǣԼܣ϶˵
˹˵бҪһȫĽһ顪
һε֮Ϊ֮˵Ǻܾ֮ǰĳĴӪھԶʲô̶ȣʦ칬ƽʱ䣬Żһˡ칬Ѿгǧڡɴ˿֪⡮֮Ի֮ʱѾôңԶ
ңԶʱ䣬ᵼ취ɢʧҶʦҲӦѾ֣ΪͥʱУ̫ھԶģȫ޷ĥĵ⾳ԲŻᵼЩϵ͵ǿ߶𽥼ʧޱ޼ʵѰȥ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷ
ȷǺħΪʲôıǶΪʲôԣԭҶѾоͷ֣Щоͥа⾳ǿߣͱȻʧҡЩоܼ֮֮࣬·ǿߣ򲻻⡣
̫ͥǿߵ⡣һ˫нȿԳɾһǿ߸ٳɳҲͬԳһǿ񲡭
֮УھԶģ޷ĥ⾳ңЩ⾳ʮۻ룬ڵľܱӰ죡
ҶʦܵĴӦòµóпǺ飬Ҳпǻ顣õһ棬ڻ˶д󿪣ͻͽˡһ棬пʧԣ
ʧԵͻ֮ԭڸͬǵʧ֮ǾͻᶨľáԼ֮ǿߣԼҪ֮
ҶȻʵ칬ҲУʦҰæģйأ
СʦܹȻ˹صģ˵ͷ˵ǿ߽ȥ֮󣬿ԻԮʧߡǣΪĳҶԭǲǾͻᱻ𣡡
ԡֻСʦܰæˡϾСʦܻû칬㲻칬ǿߣ
ҶĬȻ
һҶɳʵһࣿ
һ˹Ӣ֮ϣ˿˿׷ɫڸǡ
һӴʦֺҪĴڰ
ҶɰҡҡͷʵΣ
ǡҪﵽԴʮ˰ɡ
׷ɫ֮СӿֳԵĿɬ
ҶٴĬȻ
һѵ񣬵ǣҶ֪һȴ
ѹʦûֹ£ǴʦĲ̫ףΪʦ˼ҲҪҳ
Ҷ֪ԼһܣֻҪԸ⣬͸첻⿴͸ԼֻҪԼƲ⣬ܲ²Ҷ˹ȥְ
Ƿ֣ܿҲʦİйأҶܾ˹ԴʮĴڣǾһ飡
ҶһֱĬܾ˹˼Լжգ񣿴Ӧֻһ仰顣ǣܲõȴ˵˵
ҪҶʦܾΪѡǾˡ˹΢΢
ǺǣʦֲҪǡʧ֮˹ҶɺǺЦֻ룬Ҫǰ׼ЩʲôԴʮ㰡Ǹ˼Ŀ꣡
ʲôҶʦܣӦˣ˹˫֮У˾ϲĻ𻨣
ʦֶҵסᰣôܲʦЩ飿ҶɺǺЦأʦΪ֪˶ңһֵ¶ԲŻ뵽Ұæ򣬾ӵǿۺսҲܶùԴʮĴڰʦó飬ʦ͸һô˼ĵأ
Ҷ˵ˣ˹ɵЦҲ˵κζĻˡҶһǺЦʵ飬λŮʦְĶ󣿡
塭
৵һӣ˹ɫ΢졣
ҶɵĿռλ
ħˣҶתģ˹ĶԻһʵ̫ҪҲ̫ΣˡΪԿڵĵڶֶΣЩҲбҪǰ֪ķ档
ϴô֪ǰǰˣħʵ
ⲻǷϻ𣿡ҶûĽѵҪǰˣʦֻôޣ
ΨаرİŻ˹ٳٲ˵֮Ĺ¾ǴʦȼĴڣҲвΪ֪С
ӵҶɵı꣬ħ˷׷ۿҶע⵽ԶһЩĵطԷɫ
ֻˣҶɳʵ
šԷ˵ͷ̫ûˣֱڣҶΪҵİˣ׿˷ҵħ
ԷԼԼʼնԣѩԹսѩѾȲԴʮˡԷȴԴʮ㶼󼰣
뿪һЩĻԵ
ҶҲֻȰ⣬˵˼֮ע·Żص档
ȻѾ³ˣҲ㡣˹ʰҵ黳ûҰŮֻǡ֪Ұ룬ˣƵ廹ôһ
Ƶ壿Ҷɲ˵˵ʦó
ǰó˹΢΢Цţһöͨɢ̹âɵǧٶʱ䣬öԪʼɵ
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ҶһγĬˡ
˵ʱʵǹһʱ䣬ڶȲöɵʱͷ
ҶʦܣöɵͽˡֻҪܽöɵڣָܻ
˵šöɢɫâɵͳҶɻ˹ʱҶٴУ
飬ɵҲ⡣˵ķ˹ʱ䷽ɵɵ
ҶȻûô֮ȴʮǿöɵɵͻữܣ
ڣ˹ԼǰԼӲס˹Ҳܺܿ콫ɵûǣ˹ܸԼһҪԼûסöɵ̸˹ȳŮˣ
ȵĿռλ֮һͽ챦챦ռ֮С棬ʱʱ̵̿ģš״̬
ĿռҲ쳣Ӵ󣬾ҶɽλĿռλ֮ͳͳͽȥǿռҲȫֻڵҶȴԦˣӴģԽԼĿռλ֮
ܿ죬һɹǿģԴʮڵĿռλ֮ӿ˳
ЩħѸٲ󷨣Ҳͷų˻ۻۺһһɸǿҶɵڻ˳
Դʮ˲
˹ŵģɴԼ˫ۡԭΪҶɵıһԴʮʮ߲ĴڡԭֻǱһϣڴҶܹһƳġķڣȻ֣ƺƾҶҲϣԼŮȳ
λѣԸҶʦܵĿռλԸҶʦԼ϶ҶʦܱԷԼʦ˼ŭˣ
˹ʮʦҶɵϲʮΪʲôʦǣͷ족ɫΪʲôЩʦǣûһϲСʦܣĸСʦã
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˹ûϵСʦܾȻôǿãԼһγ׶Ķˡ
ҶҪԯʿġڻһ֮Ҷɵ飬ɾԶû˹ô졣
Ǹֵ񡣡һöԼռλڲݵɵҶҡͷ
⻹ֻһöáʦɩáָǵɵҪڣҶɾ͵á󡱣ܽסڣɵԼĿռλ֮Уʦ뿪Ҷ˰öɵѾԿƣ
Ҷ磬ȥɲСħæͷ󺹣Ҷ绹ǿ㽫徳򣬹ѹöɵǾʲô鶼ˣ
Ҫ˹УҪֱһܿѾﵽԴʮǿڡ˶ȫԸӦԣδܹ񡣸˵һöɵڿռλڡ
ǰʦǾɵȥˣˡҲܴ͸ʦĿռλ棬ռλķ֮ڤҲͷúħԼǡ
Ҷ΢΢üͷĿС
ԪʼɵҪڣҾͰͽڣ㣡
ҶɵУ̺Ӵܡɵǰ֮壬Ȼ֮䡣ͱҶɵ
ǣɵûа̫ʱ䡣ںħո˿㳷ʱɵ͵ֿʼƴײѹķ
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ħʮ˸ֹЩʲôֻ֪ʮ˸ʼੲݵʱɵԽԽʵ
Ҷ磬ʲôֶΣħΪ档
֮ҶӦ
֮ħȵʵǵǸУǿߵĵ֮
ûҶɵ˵ͷǺЦħɱСҿ͸֮һһ⾳ѴĦ֮
ǵİɡħƶһԱߡϸҲû⾳ʲôŹְ
⾳ֻᡣԴţеĺ塣ħãֻǹŹֵ㡣̫ǣ̺֮ŵ⾳ȴûʲô˲
Ըһԡ
ǣħȥԡȻ󣬺ħͱˡ
ʦʦôˣźħճɵɵվڤҿκŵ
Ҫ֪ڵڤѾԴʮĴڡΪȫͽܣڵ֮ӽһ붼ͽҶԼķѵֻ֮ڤɶѡ
ڤҲȷ̶̵ǧʱȻ͸߸ͽһ嵽Դʮ㣡ͥţڤЩŴȥҲ϶ҫ۵ãѰǿֱ߲ӵĴڣ
ǣڤŶħʲôаȻܲ³϶Ϊħͼһǣ˳ȥңڤҲҲκԭ
Զԣѩ˽һЩϾ߸ϣйעҶɵһһҶҪѹһǿʱǻ˵ʱ䣬ȥ˿徫Ӣ
ĳֻ䣿ѩʵ
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ʱѩ飬ǵǣ۽Ҳ֪⣬ӦˣǴӣȥԸʦɩã
˶ϰߣҶһ֮У⡣ѩһ˵ڤ˻ȻԭҶɲֻΪ˽ɵѹΪ˽ɵݣѰҶԸõķ
ͷ룬ħղŵԵúܿЦˡ
ҶɲܸȫԼȵʮԺ֮ʽҶܽʲô̶ȣ
˲ҲͻԴʮɣľΪӲã
Ԫʼɵõûָǣ֮ȴܹԪʼɵҡνһｵһ˵֮Ĺؼ
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Ҷѣʱ䵽ˡ
ԯʿվһ֮⣬Ĵȥ
ԯʿ⣬ûеڶǿߴڡʵϣʮʱԯʿһ˿ԵҲûеڶǿҲûеڶǿ֪λĪҶʦɽˮȶ
ԯʿҲʮңʮʱԼֵһСˣԼְҶйص顣
һ֮ռͷ칬ǿߣȻڰ
ǸڶſڵӰԯʿԽԽãӰôΰ
Щͷԯ᳤ˡҶ΢Цţóһ׼õ챦̲ʲô߽챦ڴ˴֮ôࡣ
˵ţһ״챦ͳԯʿ˹
лҶѣԯʿϲϽ챦С
ԯʿ֪֮ǻԵҲءջǿڶֽˡǣǿң֮޷԰εȴԼӦ
Ϊǿ֧ԮĹ·ԯʿģṩ챦֧ԮĶ顣ʮЩշҪǾǰéҡʦǣȫ֮ԯʿΡɽҶɵǿһ𡣲ϵĽǿߵҪݳȥӦģƳ챦ݽ
ԯʿʮش󣬻ᵼ¸Ӧӵһ̣ȫϵӣúôĻҲͻӣ
ԯʿûȥо챦ʵϣûҶпܻƭͥǿ߶ϵϿɣͬʱҲǣԯʿ޵ڳҶɱԼġġ
˹λСʦܡ˹ⷲǵȴڶ˿Ҫҵܸι̵Ĺϵ̻δ˵ǰ;Ҳ϶ʯ
ԯʿֻǸˣǡ̳սԯʿʮʮǿ̻ᣬʱܱԼҵ˸塢
ԡԯʿŻǣŻǿǿȨ̻ڲĸΪԯʿʮһһԼһȥˣĦЩһͻὫ̻޵Ԩٲ֮أ
ֻҪܸùϵˣҲһշ̻ᣡ
ԯʿģҶɼ粢ȶļϵص㻺СҪ֪Ҷɵ׼縺񡣹ƣҲЦˡ

Ҷѣλǡ
ΡɽԯʿܣҶɾˬЦѾãշŵüݣҶĳ
ΡɽЦҶʦĿ棬
Ρɽ˵ʲôûʵĻĺҶɡսԯʿĽʮﾺĽΡɽɶúܡΡɽЩڣûһԳݣҶɽһˡ
ΡɽҶɵĿ⳯ΡɽȥֻΡɽĺ棬һŮλԴʮĴڣҶ΢΢Цţͷʾ⡣
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һŮһȫǺЦţһһҶɼ
ԶһԸصʦȫó羴Ŀ⿴ҶɡλһҶɵ쳣ѾΪʦĴڣ
Ե֮ѹʦҶʦʦĴڣֻҶʦ̫͵ӵ˳ҲԸ⽫Լʵȫ¶
ЩҲûԼ鱨ȥѼйҶɵϢգҶóĽۡǾǣҶΪʦʵʦڣ
Ҳû˽ЩԹԣǿһʦĴڣȻҪЩʦⲻ۸
ǣҡҡȴͨһѵõջᣬҶ֮Ĺϵ
رڿҶܹΡɽ׺¥ϼЩڵǿƽȼʱǵУǻһƬ粻޷ͽڵСȦȥ쳵ͷɹȻˡ
ȻҶʶˣͳɡȸ̻غϣȻͬȥ֮ԯʿ΢΢Цţּһ޳
Ҫ̻غϣΡɽĿ΢̻һ̻᲻Ըǳ᳤̻˰ֱԯʿ󹬡ȥǵĵ̣ǻغϣԯϵܣ㲻ôºЩ׵𣿡
ѵǸҵЩڵ飿ԯʿٺЦ˵רŰŵģǰ֮һڳ̻֮СûţӾҪȥҵĵҫһָôΡɽҪ˳ͻɵΪҳŸ
һ
ΡɽȻ򣬺ǺЦ

ԯʿķԴʮ챦ٶȱҶǼϵ챦֪˶١ټϡ̻ĴӪʱʱĿԽһרǼʷԣֻ˶̶ʱ䣬һ˵Ⱦ͵ִǳ̻ĴӪλһźɫ֮ϵĳɳǣ
ԯ᳤̻òû̻ǿɡΪʲôǿԶռһǣԶԶǿųɫҶɺѯʡ
û취˭гúأԯʿεҡҡͷܵڵĳҡԭĴµĴȻ˥˲٣ǣҲҪ̻ǿ١˵ϵȹ׾ɽԣںСʱ򣬾͵԰ɽ¡ۺļ屳Ĵ֮һı׾ɽʦҪռһǣм˵ǣ
ҶɺǺһЦ˵ôǿıȻ⻹û̻ܳᣬɼλ˳ѣֶοɲô
лҶѿ佱ԯʿЦţϲá
ֱԲ䣬һȥ˵˵ĳ֮Ľʽ̶̼ദԯʿԽԽãԼܹ칬ȳˡ
ΡɽҲЦҶ˵ļǣǳ˸ͲĲϡɽǳ̻ƲɢˡԼʮǰСãȻһϹƷ¼ƾⱾƷ¼Ʒ˲ţԽԽǸ̻ᡣԵʣôƯС椣ΪʲôûϳǸСȴƫƫԯʿͷӣ~
꣬ΡɽʲôأҲӢΣȳСӲˣҲʼձǸģǸӣž;öģ

ǼλЩʦǣҲЦ
ҶһЦţһɨɨһ˵ȣа飬ͥе绹ЩԸ飬ֵã
ʵԯʿֵ֪áԯʿҲ˵ҪΡɽΪԼŸ
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λôӡ̻رʶķûʽǳǵĴʱৣȫװǼսͺȻӭ˹
˭ô󵨣Ȼֱǣ
Ǽսϣ˷Ĵ˸ȡͺ˭ûпԵ̻ʶ
ԯʿûлӦǲ壬˿Ρɽ
ߣ˻òͷˣ
ΡɽһߣվǰݺһġͿҸٷжǼսȻͣЩǼսͺײʲô᲻ɴݵӲǽʱײ˸ķѣ
˭ڳ˷
һŭȣǳ֮ϴ˳ŵǿ⾳һ˵ɫ䣡
׾ɽtnndһôڳ棿ǿΡɽҲɵɫʮѿ
˱˵ļƲǣҶɰҡҡͷ
ԯʿΡɽȺ֮ҶɾԼʶһе⡣ֻҶɲָ֮֮СȻԯʿЦǺǵģͲûֵˡʵϣĽԯʿ鵱ȥ
ӣԯʿֻͷ⳥ˡ
˵˵ͨģǿ硣ȭͷǵ
˵ǼսȻţɱϾ˼ҳǵĵ̡Ͱ˼Һ˸飬һڶû¶˵ȥԯʿΡɽҲռ˶
ȻǱ׾ɽŭ塱Ĵһӳϳ˳
ΡɽӿѾЩ˶ٳ
棬챦ռ֮еһǿǶоµĴȻͬ죡
Ρɽӷ˲˳ȥԯʿ׺¥ϼĸҲΡɽһ˲Ƶ˷֮⡣
챦ռ֮ڣҶ֮⣬˹ĳϣԼĸ̻ĸ᳤ڡǶ챦ռ֮УԭûгȥĴ㡣
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һٶ뿪˷ռ䣬ɽ˵ͷɳһȭݺݵĳŷ˹ȥΡɽɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҫһ¡ǣȴԯʿȰסˡ
ˣƲְɡ
Ʊǿԯʿô죿
ʱ˿̣ԯʿҲѾ׹Լ˶ԷȦסɽڴ򣬽ֻǻһԴʮ챦˽£
ԯͷȻһɱǧǿߡˣ˵Ӧô㣿
һ룬һϮӲӵĻ۵ӣɽ˳Ҷ֮⣬ڳǿ߶ϵãλǳ̻Ļ᳤ԯʿյСˣ
һҽܣ˵ıҶɾܲ³˵ݡɵøǰҡͷΪԯʿΡɽĳ嶯֮ٶе
ش鱨󣬸㲻ã̻鱨УжԷҪԵף
Ҷ֪ԯʿΡɽȾٶ϶żȻΪ֮ڵľֲ֮ܵͥϢӰ졣Ȼѡô϶Ϊʱ˿̣ûпΡɽƥеĴڣ
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ҶԹۣȻ鳹׿
ԯʿȻΪԴ׶󶯸ɸ꣬˾ô竣ҲΪ˱𣬶Ȧסôˣɽȴڣп֣
һĽûִ֮ûʽյΪ⣬˫Ѿʼƣ
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֪λҶε㣿ԯʿüѯʡ
ٺ٣ûеңǵҵ÷򣡡
ָָ֣֣Цš̤ǰδ꣬Ҷɣû뵽Ȼطɣ뵱꣬ŴСӸˡڣҿ㻹ӣ
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ԯʿϣһ˿ɫܿ죬ͳ˵Ҷ̻Ĺͣ붯ȹһأ
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Ρɽ΢Щԥʹȼս⡣ǲ׺˶ҪΡɽľٶ£ΡɽҲ֡
ǣΡɽδȼսʱҶ΢΢һЦߵ˶ǰУԯʿ粢վһ
ԯ᳤飬ˡ
һ˿ɫԯʿһ¾Ǳ׾ɽûзһ˿˲伴ŵ顣
Ҷѡҿǡ
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֣޲ȵһССģԴʮڣҶ̸ʲôˣҶɣĹۿλͥĴ֮ף׾ɽǰλ
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ӣԯʿǿŽŵԷһЩһοҶɰȫϣ
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ԴµڣҲ֪֮ɷΪ桱١֡ķҲҪķϡòԽѵãƳķҲͻԽǿ
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ڳ˿Ҫ֮ͱضҪáٷû˭ӵкģǿģķ
ڣԯʿķ֣֣Ȼһӳ˳ǧţԴʮķ
ˣֱǷˣ˫ȵЩˣҪҶأ
ôĸ߲㼶ԯʿⱲӶûмô߲㼶ķӳԯʿţĳԶȴ࿴Щۣﻹ̸˺Э飬ǿ챦ȥҶɣ
ʵϣļ챦ҲѾûκô
ʱ򡭡
ǳ˷Цʱ򡭡
ǿˮĻʱ򡭡
ǶΪҶɿ϶Ѿ군ʱ򡭡
һȻ֣𣺡׳գ(δ1576.֣ͥǰ
֣ˣôͻأôϡ
һг䶨֮ԯʿڣǼʶһ᳤̻Ȼȫɵɵվԭأһ֪ı顣
ʲô飿
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⣡
ȻҶҲֻܽ͡кħˣ֪Եɡ
֪ģȫԾֵĿ⿴Ҷɡ¾ԯʿһʱ䶼ǰк
֪ģģȫʮֵĵĿҶɡ׼ȷ˵ǿҶǹıꡣħһ̣Ҷɵ֮ͻ᳹Ϩ𣡣
û˸ҴҶɡ
֪ģΪһ彩ӲĴԭأٳٲ׶
Щ֪ģģȴΪӰ쵽ҶɵһָˣɴϢתϢȫ붨
磬ԼĿռλȫһĳšȸղǹɱӹģҶɾȻ˳ʱ䣡
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˹ⷲ˵˵ͷӦһ
ʦСʦһУѵġ֮⡯˹ѯʡ
ʱ˹Ѿ֪ҶɲûʲôԴʮ˲İ֡һ飬ص칬޵ȴ֮ĿʱרŽⷲȥʾҶ֮Իӵռλ֮ԭ
ʱ˹ΪĽͶ𾪲ѡվҶһߣҪҶɳ£ͻһʱ嵽Ҷɵǰѹ⣡
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ǡȴûĸڲˣԼҪ⾳ѶϢڣóڣƳһҲ޷еİУ
ĴڣѾ޷ˡǣΪʲôܹ񱬷ս賤ԭ򡣶κһ˵һѽ֮գ
û˵ͷֻǡ֮֡⡯֮⣬Լȫ⡣˲䱬ǿ󵽿ɱԦӵԴʮ߲ս֣
˶٣ǺЦԭһΪҿһԶҶ鷳ڿֻɽȴڣ˫ȵЩһҶСӸеѹˡ˹֮֮ⷲǾͲҪٲСӵκ顣Ҵȥ˳УұﵽԴʮ󣬲ܽ칬
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İ˲һʱʱ䡣
ԯʿͳͽӦ˹Ѿʶֹ˲ɱֶΣҶҲܵطɡ
ǣԾɲ
ԯʿ֪ҶɵݣԣԯʿҴҶ˻ָ
˲֪Ҷɵʵݣǣܹ˫ȵλԲȽɱʵݵλܲȥ˲ǰ׳գȻܹµóҶɱ˫ȲԸ칬
Ϊ˫Ƚ񣬳ʦɽڳ˰иԼʱ򣬻װﾪڹ֣ҶһһpkʱŬŬɽΪԼֻһԼҪｫҶɸס
ڣɲ֮䣬Ƴ췭ظı仯ԭÿ϶ܹһ˫֦ҶɵֶθŵòԳ֣
϶ˡôʱ䶼ûƶ϶˵úءְɣֻҪɱ̻ܵõ˫ȵĴ֡УһʲôֲֶԴʮ߲Ķɱ㱾¸Ͳ
˵ôţҷ񶨡ÿһη񶨳ֵĳ嶯͸ӾηҶɡ⾴η֮һأͻӵĲš
ʱĹȥۼԯʿͳ˾Ҫվ˲һʱʱ䡣ڣ޷΢ЦҶɵϣĸֳͬһʱ̡ңԶ칬е죬ϲĪվ
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ʩչ˺üԶӵ֮ͨЦСӣȻ˹ȥ
˹ⷲһͷˮĶһۣı£ֱӿҶǱߵ
Сһ㣡
Цһڳһ䡣ʱ˹ⷲеɵˡ
ʦ˼ǣҶʦԼһΣȻһ㾳Ϊ
һٺЦҾ˵أСΪʲôȻ֮ѡ˷񱬷Сӵıԣ򲻵ѣôʩչ˵һǧ˰ٵ飬ҪֶΣԼľΪû뵽ȻֶܹΣ
񱬷һΡͻʹһΡʹһ֮ȴԻһ㼶
ͨѾΪ֮񡣿ǣ˹ⷲӾ÷ǡǶ֪Ҷɵ޵ʲô
Ҷʦ޵ĿǽΪӪʵľתԪ֮ҶʦܾȻͨӣȺʵԼĸֿͻͽ
ȻʦΪʲô˸ˣʦΪʲô˿
ʦ֮ˣǣΪҶʦܵԵʣʦ֪Ц˶ٴΡǰһﶼǱΪʲôƫƫҪиʦŸɣ
ǿɲǱһ棬ʦ˵칬ڵǿΪ˭Ӯ˭ϴʦ뿪칬ʱ׿˵һ棬Ѿ͸칬칬ҲѾ͸˫ȡ¡ʦڶ޶ԣȻǰⰡ
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ôҶʦܣֻҪҶʦûӢ䣬綼ǸʦȼĴܴڡڵĹСʦãҲȻʦȼĴڡʱˣǶʦһȥ׷Դ֮ܵġͥصȻ˵ϣ
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˹ⷲİԽȻӲ۾ǣȴҲȥоЩ顣ҶɾȻֶ֮ʶԼòٵôʱ䡣
ԶҶɣٿִ˹ⷲһγĺǺǴЦ
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˫Уһλ߷ŭˤһĲ豭ԯʿڴˣ϶ҪߵΪιȥΪˤľ豭ȻһԴʮ챦
Ȳ㼶챦˳ȥĴĴڣҲỨѴ˼ƴᡣǣλ˵ȴֻһŭ֮ʱԼˤķ.й.ߣ
ԯʿͳ˿ͷֲ֣̿վ߲Զǿߣ϶ҪһӶ˯þ
ߵλǳ˫˫⵹ҲͰˡ֣˵λߵݡǣұߵһλȻǺųƵһ˵Ŀ죡
Ρɽһţͥĵ磬ͥĺڰͻἯ嶶
ǣֻҪһΡɽҪ亹죡
ΪΨһһԴʮĴڣ
ΡɽԼͥеĵĺˡǣǼʵ൱ĵ߰һҲһ˵Ķ֡
׼ȷ˵վǿҺ䣬Ҳİë
սʵ̫޴
ûһͳϲãͥĵͱһ飬ͥڰѾ˽
ǣһΨһһһͳͥǿߣȻϹϾվߵִд
죬˫˫ҪšߺȻ΢ЦûϺͿô˶ǣССӵ۹ⰡԭһΪѡеǸСӾôţҲҪǧʱ䣬ɳڡŹȥ˶೤ʱ䣿
죬һǧһʮ꣡
˫˫ʮ׼ȷĻشߵ⣬ҶԼû˾ȷļԼѾ֮ͥ˶೤ʱ䣡
Ǻǣôʱ䡣Цҡҡͷ죬ּͥٶǿ˰ɡԴʮһ㵽Դʮ㣬ǰ˶೤ʱ䣿
ǧٶʮʮ죡
ĻشҲô׼󣬳˫˫Դ΢΢һЦ
ЦݣЩԸ֣ŮĴڣҲ˭ҿǵ΢Ц
ǣȴûĶһʱ˿̣Ůʱ˿̣޲ɱȥҶһɵ
ͬľԼȴ˲ʱ䡣ĸôܵסĶԱȣ
ǣԼ˫˫Ӱ¼ƲߣҪ̻ὫҶɸڣȴҶҫȴҶͻͽ
Ȼ˴δԹ棬ǣȴãԼݺݵıҶɴԼǵûҶôţԼıҶɣûκЧǱˣ
ǵģ쿴ҶѾɹԼҪԲٵѾԼǱˡԼһԴʮĴڣôܹ֪ܵģһԴʮĴڳ֣
˵ʮԼҶ֣칬ǱҲͬᶯ֡ڴҶʮĬģΧԼҵһƻĬôԳֽԼĨɱҲû˭סԼ
¾ǰλߣλ˫ȵͳߣҲסԼ
ʮս棬칬ӵоơ˫ȵԴʮµǿڶ࣬ң֮ͥУﰵ˫ΪԶ칬ࡣԣ˫ȵĲԾǣײҪȿֲڸǣ
ڣ˫ȵڶ׳֡ڣⲿ֣Ҳֻҳ̻δʽΪ˫ȸӹ
һжֻΪһĿģǾǣĬ
˵֪ԼֽҶɸ׵ʱԼѾˣܵúܲҡⱲӲûаܹûǱǣȴãԼⱲӰܵҵһΣ
ԣǳ˫˫ǳζһЦ춼Ѿûκ˼ˡݺݵȭͷƴ롣
ʲôˣҲҪ΢΢ҡҡͷ־֮϶ҪĳЩⲿȫԼٽԼľΪҲǿȥôΪı֣Щ飬˻˼
̾һյȫµģģͬԴʮ豭Ϣг֡(δ1577.ƣϣ
ʱ˿̣ҶɣЩͬǣ˭²ҶɵһͻȻͥȥ˺εȳ
ʱ˿̣ҶɵĿռλ֮Уڡ
Ҷ磬ȻɹˣҾ˵ϻʲô飬ҶģħЦ
УҲ֪˭ղŲ㼱õᣡѩûƲƲ졣
ħʱڤڤ޼ɵĴЦڤҪ򷴲û˵ǡһֱƵԷҲģ¶˻ĵ΢Ц
һЦôģЩҶҲԼţٶ˵ʲôˡ

ռλڵЦһӡʱУԯʿҶ˲˹
ϲҶгУԯʿЦţЦ֮У˿˿η֮顣
ҡҶɹ˹֣΢Ц񣬡˷ˣԯ᳤ǻǿ·ɡ
ãԯʿתתͷԶȥֻǣ᳤ŵòᡣҪ˼ҲǽǾֻܴ˰
ԯʿɤţ˵ǳˣǳСһ
ʱ䣬˵ͺˡղԼＷҶɣŹ˶ԼͱԯʿＷң
ǣڹڡҲҷƢɽڴˣɽҲ϶ֻŭԼѹԹŭԼ̣ûκΰ취
ɱԴʮ߲ĴڣǺεս¾ϢԴʮ߲ڵߣҪôǿľΪ
ֻЩ⣬˾;Լı겻ͣʱҶɶݺݵĳ˵һۣ˾ͻʵأ
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ǰǸ⣬𰸵ȷҪԴʮŲսǡҶɸܳõάսҶԼĹƣûʲô谭ţսҲֻܱɲǵʱѡ
ںǸ⣬ȴȫͬ
ڽ֮ͥǰҶɾԼ棬ƭǹ󺣡񱬷Դʮ˲ҲͬκζߡҶӵеľΪû̫ϵ
˲֪Щ׼ȷ𰸣ԡڳ˵ԺҶɾͱһԴʮŲ㣬ԴʮĿֲڣ
˵ûԴʮһķȥ룬ϾܹǵȲ㼶ǿߣָ֮ðǵȴڣԼﻹڣ
ֻǱʱӵԴʮŲսɡ򡣽Ҷ⣡
СԶţҶ޾ŭ˵ԯ᳤˵Цˡҳôҵλг̣
˵ţ·ģҶɺԯʿͽǼʴͷ
֮С
ҶˣһͷһοС˽ţ
Ĵ֮׵ɽʦһȻû䣬ȴҲܲĳҵȷϺٻʲô飬ó˸еšղţҶɺԯʿ߽ǼʴͷһɲǣǷƳ˵ϣ¶һ˿ظı顣
Ҷ΢΢һЦûд⡣
ԯ᳤һ֮֮У̻ὫҪֱ̻İΧ֪ԯ᳤ûʲô㣿
Цݣԯʿ˲̡ܿ죬ԯʿͿЦţ΢΢ҡҡͷ
Ҷѹ侲ԯʿ˵ԭΪֻ̻˫ôû룬˾ȻʦģҲҪΪ˫ȵĸӹ
Ҫ֪
̻ᣬ档
̻ᣬŷ档
̻ᣬ󷨽档
һ̻ᡪ׾̻ᣬ档ƣһұ˹ȥļҸڸ̻ᣬȻûһйأǷҲ̫ѷ˵㡣
ļ̻ᣬֱĽ档ΪĽǿͬԣļ̻Ҳһ
챦ġǿİ֣Ҳκβ㼶ǿĿꡣ˫ȵĳӰһ챦ٳԵ֣ԣĽеʵǿ
ξ󷨽硣
ǿ󷨣ȫĴ࿹⡣ǿ󷨲ڷʺЯʱս󷨽Ҳ˿ѷɫ硣
ٴξ硣
ڸ߲㼶Ĵ˵ɵѾڡǣһ顪磬ҪʧǵĵáɵԾɲɺӡ
ľǷ硣
ǿķʦҲֻܹԴʮ߲ķǡ˫ܹΪ֣ṩĸǿҲֻԴʮ߲ԣֻ֣Դʮ߲ս֣ҲֻܹԴʮ߲ķ
Ϊڸ߶սüûУԣǰȣۺʵ͡
ҲԭԣԯʿͿ˳̻ᣬ˳ˡرûȷ֣ɽȻĽ˳ǡ͸ӾãԼ΢һ㡣򣬾ԯʿ㶺ˣΡɽôܳôꣿΡɽҲƢˣǲ׺ˣôһģȫպͿˣ
ԭԯʿҲ̻ͬᡣϾۺʵһڣԯʿ֣̻ܻ̻ܿʱźȻ֣ԼȻھƣ
һͻأ鷢ԯʿȻ֣Լ鱨Ρɽǵ鱨ھ޴©
ԯʿóԾǣǳ˾ȻԼʦ뷨ֱͶ˫ȡֱڣԯʿ÷˼
꣬ɽڵҲպաǣΪ˫ȵһӹ˳ͻɽСʱҾͼҵ䡣˵ʱɽЩҡ
ɽչʾ˲ŻѹҵǸҲﰵĲϳ֣Ҫɽɱδ֮ʱ
Ҷɽľ֮ǷǶʱ䡣ʱһȽԣΪɽṩһΪȫıӻԨԴɽŻڳΪĴ֮󣬻һССԴʮΪͽ
ͽȻǳˣԯʿרŽܣҶҲ˵ڳҩӸ֡Ĵš
Цһ֮ԯʿ˵
Ҳ֪գɽӮˡɾ͵һ֮ʱĵһ飬ǴѹǸΪˣڷų˫ȵǿ߳ΧôɽЧ칬
˵ԯʿȴûм˵ȥҶЩʵأ
ûнԯʿҡҡͷ飬ֱڻɽҲç˫ȳ׷Ǽ֮ǰҲʹɱ֡
ͺ˼ˡҶɾЦȻѾ⣬Ͷ˫ȵĻΪʲôƫƫʦ˹֮գɲǽˣ棬ǿǴ
Ҷѵ˼ǣǰɽڲ߽̻᣿
ԯʿ۾΢΢(δ1578.ƣУ
ԯ᳤̽ҵķӦ𣿡ֱԯʿҶЦЦ
ңҡԯʿ˵ԯʿǸӣ̽ҶѵķӦ治Ҷѵ˼Բдʡ
㣬ôϣ
Զ֮
Ҳˡ

ĬһСԯʿʵʵ벻ףȻҶҲΪɽ֮³κιϵΪʲôҶѻ˵Ƿ
ԭܼ򵥡Ҷ΢΢ЦҪӮֻҪһҾ֣
ԯʿȻ
Щ飬ҪֱȥҵˣһԽ⡣ڣȥ˵ˣǵ飬Լȥ
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ԯʿģһһ˵˳ҶɣȫƵλҲҶɲκ⡣
һԼĿһһ˵ԯʿСʵԣҶѵ˼ǣҪҳЩɽЩǿߡȻɽ֮ʱϢٴݵǵĶȥ
ûֻǣǻҪǵĸֻ࣬ǼвУҶɵ˵ͷֻбڵƣ׼ȷжϣδѡԯ᳤Ϊ˸ղ²Щ顣ʲô֮£ûԤϵģ
ʮǰԯʿﰵ￼ҶɡʮȴֵҶֱ˵Ŀԯʿ
ֻҶɵⷬʣΪ˽ԯʿʵҶɵĿֻΪˣ˼棬ԼĲ²⡣øʵ
Ͼԯʿ֪Ҷ֪顣
ΪһͥסҶɴͥеʱʵ̫˵㡣ԭͺܶݵʱ䡣󲿷ֶʱʱ̿ԤӦǿС
΢һ˼·ԯʿӦҿһ飬Ԥʾܱͥ죡
˻ҶȤģ׷ʡ
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գһǿ߱ȹΣաرԭ͹ĶǣĴǿǣ϶ֻᣬݺ
ֵ֮طֻҪֶεõʱʣǾɱ֮Сԯʿ׿˵ˣֿܵƶϣ
ֱʱԯʿų׵׵ģ칬һߡҶԯʿ˵ʲôҪѹ칬ʱҶɻЦ
һճɹҿ칬ֻҪ칬ڣ̻¡棡
棬ģԯʿȵģԲҶѣɲ顣Ҷǰ״ӣҲ칬ɡ
ܴ칬ģȼȻ֮⣬칬Ĺˡֻǣԯʿµõ칬ĹҶĵڵӡ(δ1579.ƣ£
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ððԯʿ˵ǣþȴʮҶ⻰а
ô칬ǿߣǰ״ӡ˵ƭ˵İɡ
˼ţŽɵģԯʿ˵ȥ
Ȼһֱ˫칬֮Ĺϵͦšһû˵֮䱬ʲôսһΣ˫ԺܹˡͼɱҶѣѾǼȳɵʵһѾ˵˫Ҫ˺Ƥ칬ȫһս
ǰƣԯʿľ֮£ԵԽԽͺԼƶϸŵһԯʿ¶˾µ顣ƺҼ˵ȥ
ǣܿ죬ԯʿȴԼһƽ
ԣҴ󵨲²⣬Ӱͳ˫˫񣬾֮аǰǰͬʱпȫ濪սͥƿߣ
Խ˵ԽԯʿҶ΢΢һЦôأ
ˮ㣬еڣɽۻһ칬˫ȫѹȥ
ȫɱǸܰ쵽顣¾ս˵˫ȣҲֻܾܵ칬ȴܰ칬ǿȫĨɱ
Ҫ֪֮ԻΪͥеǿʵΪҶӵԴʮһĴڡȼĴڼǲĴˣ١û˭˵Ȳ㼶ĴڻΪɱ棡
ԣս˵˫ȣҲ϶ֻҪܵļ칬ǿߡֻҪ칬ȥȴĳ룬Ҫ칬״ݻ١
ͬĵɽۻ֮ҲֻһҶѡȴ칬˫ͳͳ
ʵǾͲ£ɽۻɣȱ칬˫ˣҶɲûзԼĿǼѯйطµϢ
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ǵ߲㣬Ҫͻһ㣬ͱ벽졣֮·ƽ˾ʵϣΪܹȵȥҲòӵһ㵽㣬вֶΣ
ԯʿԽԽǷԯʿԽԽǾҶɵȷֵԼ׷ǰˣ
ÿһԭΪ˰ʩչֶΣ
Ҷǰȥϸ˵ЩֶΣֻ㡣Ҳ˵ҶǰϣԼ䣬򣡡
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ڵģ϶ǷµĳλȻڡλȻڵƤ£ҶǰȻҰвֶΣ
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ԯʿ֪Լ¶һ룬ȴֲ´һ롣
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ֻǵڶµĵһҾ͹ǿǿ͵Ϯ˵ǿ߶ûˡǣȴѾ׵ȼҵŭ
ôģֱɱϳ̻ᣬһɱһ
ǰʹǱɱ̻ɡҪǰɱģǰҲ޷Ľ֮
̻ᣬսܡ̻µĶûȫ¶ģ̻µǿǣѾ
Ҫ֪̻ǿߣҲ̻쳡һֻ̻ĺߣ̻ˡ̻߲û´ҲһᰴԼԸǣ
սһ𣬾Ϳӿ
̻ռһǣϸڸԴڡһµʱ䣬Щ粻ߵǿ֮䣬ٻΪĲƽʲôԭ򣬶־סڿɺã߸߽ǿһЩ˽ԹҲȫ漤
ɱɱɱټǣܿɱѪɺӣѪȳ죡(δ1589.Ԥֶ
Ҷǰԯһ²ԶǵĳѪȣԯʿѯʣΪ˫ȵǿûгֹ
ܲɣ˫ȵǿҪȵ֮ǰһ̣Żעߵ
칬ߣڹע
ٿǱߣԴʮĳ϶ѾԵ
˵ΪҶɣǣԯʿʮȷûҶɣҲһֱעߵĶΪ
ͥսĵ˫ôܲעҶ΢΢Ц˫ȵǿҲǳصİǽƾͼơ
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ԯ᳤ãභǸ߶սãǺм𵽾Եã
Ҷɵ˼άԾЩദԯʿѾϰĶԻ
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νмԴʮ㵽ʮ˲ĴڡȻԯʿδȥ칬ȥ˫ȡǡԯʿȴʮǿߵľΪȫǴ㼶Χ֮ڡ
ߣǾǳһĴڡֻߣ뿪ͥȥطѰҽһС
ϸһ£ԴʮҵǿࡣЩǿߣҵм
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ΧҶһǿ϶ġʤս̫Ӱ졣
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ѵҶǰã칬ĸ߶սܹ׻˫ȣԯʿȵʵ
ڻСǣò˶þͿԣ
˿ռλһöԼѹɵҶɷһ͵͵ĸ̾

ҵ׻ҳʲôģҶѾûжȤȥ˫еΣҶʮʦȥ֡ԼûҪȥġ
ʵϣҶɸԯʿ͵ԯʿȻἰἰԼţ޵Լȥ顣ѾˣԼҲûбҪ˷ʱ䡣
£Ҫٵرչءʱ䵽ˣԯ᳤һѡ
ҶɵݹȥһöƵĴԯʿԻĽ˹
ʽֻж̶̼µʱˡʱչܹжЧ˵ˣ̻ʱбչذΪλҪѰҵطչأ
ԯʿһЩ⣬ǣûʳͿҶɹ˹֣Ӱ˲ʧԯʿȥ׷Ҷɵ䣬ȴȻ֣ԼȻһ˿ϢҲ
ѲɣղǸǡ

Ǻǣҵļ֮ӱˡһɽ֮УҶɺǺЦԯʿദʮʱ䣬ԯʿȻûз֡ϤҵڣǲֺܷΪΪ
ѱ棬Ҷһ֮УסԼĹؼֶΡȻڣǷµλҲܿܵǻᰵбҶɡǣҶȴʮΪǸҪԼò׼ᣬ͵͵Զ󲿶ӣ
֮Ҹȫȫµӵиߵĳɹϣ֮áʦûа취־飬࣬һҪ׼
ǰʮ׼ҶɱΪѾ๻ˡ׼ԼҲ׼ʲôáǿֶΡ
ǣϵĳ֣ȴҶʶԶԼҪӵöࡣҪ밲ȫ񣬲ԼлôԼҪֶΡ
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˵ԯʿˣ˫ȵļλȻڣҲûʶҶ֮Իᰵиһ粨ȫȻΪ˼˫ȵҡһҡʵĿģֻΪ˴һֶΣһ¶ûԤϵģǿֶΣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷڵɽȣλ̻ϡʱ˿̣ҶɵעһûоⳡҵڡǼԯʿ̸ϣ˲ʧ֮ҶҲܿ˸ģĵĴɽ֮˳(δ1590.ţϣ
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Ϊô޴ջԲŻǵһǿ߷׷ʸҪ֪Ȼʹڡǣǰ׾̻˽˷µϣǰ׾̻ҲûгΪµĸӹ
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ҶﴫԯʿҲͬʱΡɽ׺¥ϼĸĸǲҶɵ顭

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˵Ż֮󣬾ҪķѺ챦֪׻ʲô飬½Żôѣ
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ҪӲƴ֮ˣҲȵĽôڣǸֻóͿɵĽ⣡
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νģԼʧߵķҲͬԿ˷ҶɡǲΪ֮лһĴڣ
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Ҷ˼ʱһֻֻ޴ʱպڶг˳Щȥûжô׺ǵľΪȴһûκǿĿɿڴ
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ҶɣҲûϵڶſ龹Ȼ˭ϵίа׾̻ƳɵȻΪιЩǿޣ
ԶǺѹѹһƬڴڽɵʱʱǣһ˵Ȳɵü
ͬʱҲʮֺ棬ôԤ󷨣ã
ȻҲкܶ˶ڰ룺ȻЩ㼶̫ߵıﶼôΪʲô׼棿Ϊʲôʱƣðַͽȥⲻû𣿡
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޷⣬˶Σǵĵ(δ1592.ţ£
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һ߳ҶɣӰһ߰롣һ˲䣬;ʵ̫˵㡣ҶȻǱţ棬ֶȴҲǲܲĿֲڡ
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һΣҶһϰԵ˳ӰڳӰŭţҶɺһȭʱҶɺԯʿӰͺֽһ˲鿪
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˹ЦҶɵļҶɾȻѾϢģ˲Ƶ˹ⷲߣ
ӰһȭúһǿһƬҡۼţЩǿ֮У˿Ҫӣ
ӰҪǰ׾̻һˣ˵ؽ磬ʦûˣ˽ǿǳ⡣
ⷲҲȵǡôǲܣ̻һˣӰ˫˫͵ųҵĹͬŭ𣡣
δ׽֮ƾȻѾӵ̶ֳȡʱ䣬Ӱͳ˫˫ɫȫ(δ1593.ֶֻ
ʮǿߣоյ߹ͨ
ʱ˿̣Ӱͳ˫˫飬ͺ֮еһ㣬һƬء
ǣûмԸӰͳ˫˫ǰֲ󲿷ǧ֮еգ̻ᡢ̻еģЩԭѾЧ˫ȵǿǣҲз
Ҫ֪ЩǿȻѡ׷˫ȣǣǲûи˫ǩʲôǲˣȻѡתͶ
ЩǿȫڣûһɵӡͿ칬˫֮һսǲŻınߣѡͶ˫һߡ
ֻǣǿ϶ɵΪ˫ȶ׸ԼͺǸղţʲôĺʱ򡢺õص㣬ǳ˫˫ͳӰȴȺˡһ㣬ԼͿ䣬һֵûУ
Ӱͳ˫˫ԸǸЩǿҲ˼ο˫еٮٮȴżӣĿҶɣƺҪ̶һЩ̻ᡢ̻ǿǸĴ治ˡһʱ䣬ǶתͶŵĳ嶯
ʦ֣ûȤû٣ƳһЩ̻ͳ̻ǿߣ֮Ҷɣһ۾ͿЩ˵ԥ뷨
ˡ˹΢΢ҡҡͷǱ˵˽ǿ͸ˡ
ҶԳ˽ǿ͸Ǳ߿ȥö˸õһ˫ۡ˲ʱ䣬׹
ͬš
ͬšͬĲǡ֮šֻǣҶȻ˳Ǹ޵Ҳ֮ңҶյĸӾ
˵ڵҶɾǸӻ⡣ȥ֮ܶȥսڣȴ˻ΪһֶָΡֻһ֣п޵ĸֶΡ
һ£ҶѾֶ̫֮桪
ȣйܡ
ġ֮⡱ΪʲôܹԽԴʮˮ׼ȻǵԴʮĸ߶ȣ
⼶ڣϾֻҶһ֪ҳա뵱꣬ҶսԽսʤǿСڣһƵսֶΣ˲ɱ֣˫ȡڱǷΪпܽηĴڡ
ֻܻǡ֮⡱Ϊ˳ɾ壬֮ȫͬڵһȫ֮Ҷǿ
ҶӵǧǧﵽԴʮ˲Ҷɾ͸ҸѰڽа塣
ΣҶɽڻ֮СǧսӸǡǧͲֻܸѰڽаˣǿɸ㶨ԯʿڡ
ǲ׺¥ˮ׼ڡҲսʤǧƾδɵҶɾѾڽǿ֮У
ٴΣ֮
ǧ֮У󣬸֮Ҷɿ̶Ȳ֮ĹǧսһõǧҶѾֱ׾ᰣ
ֶΣҶֶΡֶδ󲿷ֶǧ֮ϣҲ˵ֶαƣҶɵıҲصĴˡ
ֲǿС磬֮еģЩʧԵǿԴʮĴڡҶҲڵģǧƵʱʩչԻӰֶΡü֮Զ뿪
ֶεҶɴеҪ̡ȶԣ֮ķ棬ҶѾãˮƽѾܲˡ
ڹȥҶɼƴڡԣôڣȻ֣ԭǷµĸãһ֮ˮ׼ԼӾʱŷ֣ԼԼԴ֮
Ǻǣˡ븶öһ֮ҶʮεҡҡͷڷѷǵУҶɿ϶ҪЩ˼Ѹø

ʦ֣ߣҶɲ̸⣬ʶ﷢ɢȥ
ԭҶΪ֮һһȺ䡣ǣ뵽֮ŷ֣Բ֮ȫǻһƬ˵ǹˣéݵĺۼڡ
ͨҲûͨڵĺۼҲ˵Ǽǰ߾okˣ߲·
Ǳߡ˹Ҳָ˹ȥǵĿǱߣҵĿĺڣҲǺ
ѵǼжҶЩ졣
ļңΪǿṩַ֧ѲɣҲҪȫֿ
Ϊʲôһ
ֱʱļǿ߷֪һΪ˶Ӧ˹ǿߡʱ˾òˡ
˵Ϊ˻ȫɢ⻤ʲô壿
˹΢΢Цԭȷǻ֮⣬ʵϣ֮գĵȷȷһ˸Ӧͨ𱣻
ΪʲôڱˣߺЩŭ塣
ǰ׾̻ϻ᳤ԭðǰ·֣ðӽôһɢΣˣ
˵νɢɢǣȴΪǷŭҲ֪Ϊ˰ŭǽᣬҪһЩõķֳɡ
Ҫ֪ļҶʮĸǿߣҲܹ֮֮лôô򵥻Էֳ顪
һ·ۣи
˹ն񣬰ָʮĸǿߡ
ǰȫԼֻǺ
ϳɾļһҲǳصġҪ֪ܹõһʸģٶԴʮĴڣ
ǰ̫Σˣǻǻȥˣ
ȸ֪Ȼˣʲô飿
ô䣿û֣
ûҲڣļҳͻ࣬ţ˭Ըǰ
˹һ仰ʱͼǧˡӰΪ˹Щ׳ˡǣǳ˫˫ȴâ˸治֪Щʲô
Ȼ
飬ȷòԡ˹ǺЦǣ˸ղŵ飬λãǿ߻пһж
Ȼԡ
ֻǣֻһСǰŭ˵ǵ飡ҪɢҪ˵
ʲô˵߱˵¡
һǿ΢ЦԽԽ˳ۡҪͷһǻ̫档
ǣû뵽ǡ
ȻˣǴҾذɡ˹ǺЦţƳƳº˫ȣߣǿԼͶĳһңҲͲ÷ֿˡ
˽Ծ(δ1594.Ϯɱϣ
ɵӶó˹Ҫʲôˡ˵ڳĶǴڡ
Ͷĳһ𣿡
ҶɣҶ֪̻϶˹ⷲˡ
ٿİ׾̻ᵱȻŵ˽ǿߡ
󿴿Ӱͳ˫˫ԭһǿӦøߣڡ
ѡ£ɽ̤ߵ˵˽ǿǰ˵ѻӭң
ӭȻӭ˽ǿЦұ֤Ѷܻջ񣡣
ɽ˱ʣܿм̻ᡢ̻ǿ߼˷һ
Щ˵ǳ̻ᡢ̻ǿߣʵɽΡɽǵһǸ̻Ԯ̻Ͼó֯߶ս棬ҲҲ˳
ԭǳӰͳ˫˫ľٶѾЩĻǸõİʩΪЩ..ȶ˹ֹȻ˵ˡѡ֮Ǻڹѡ
˹˲˷£㵽׾ĺڣӰŭ
ѡ˫ȵǿߣӰһ˹Ǳߵ̻ǿߣӰ͸
ڳӰ˹ȫԳˡȻѵĽȻǽһߣûȤ
Ҫ֪δ·ϣԴʮ챦ɵ󷨡һȱ˹ָ㷨Լѹ
ʵϣڳӰҲֻ˲ȫ𼺣
Ӱߣֻˣô䡢̻֮Сԣ󷨡棬Ӱ˫˫˷ʱ䣬Զֵġ
˹Ǳߡֻ̻һңֻܹ֤챦ڹӦʱɵ󷨡˹ⷲΪԭͺյ˵͸ǷѲ⡣
ŭĳӰ˹ֻǺǺЦţûлӦ˼ҶȴЦԯʿ˵
ȥǱߡ֤µ챦
ʲô
˵Ͷŵôģֱü
˹˸ܾˣҶɾȻҪٰԼҰ͸£⵽ʲô
ȻЩڶܴǡͷҲ²Ҷɵĺ«ﵽʲôҩ
û֪Ҷ֮ĹϵҶջѡȥ¡ڣδ֮ǰµǿǶʥŮ֮Ҷɹģû˭ȥҶɡ
û֪ǰµʱԯʿħˣѾɹ̻ᡢ̻еҪڷˮЩ˵ĺҶ
ȻҲ֪Ҷһ˵ȫԹӦ˹ⷲ챦Ҫһʡȴ˵ͽ챦شݣ˹ⷲȫýԼʱ䣬ȥ󣬿̻
ʵϣ챦ʲôֻΪͶȡɣĳЩսѶȶѡЩĲ㼶Ҫ󲢲ߣٽһֻԴʮˮ׼Ҳͬԡ
ԣó˹ԼóֻⷲҪʱԣֲȱٺڵʧˡ˵Ҷɻܵò̻ͳ̻ԼȻ̻Ͱ׾̻ȫ֧
򵥵˵һҶɣ֧ڱϡǣɽ޷飡
ڳģ֮⣬ǿ߶顣ȻҶɵѾƮȻԶЩǿ߻ʮԻģΪԼξ֮С

УУϵķС
㣬Ѿʮʱ䣬Ҷɻûпκιڵļ
Խһµɽ֮ҶֿһƬµģһ޼ʵĴƽԭ
֮Ҳھ޴˵㡣Ҷʮָп
Ҫ֪˹ⷲûпٶȡҲ˵ʮʱԴʮ˲۷ٶȣϵĳͬһУ
ǰ˵ôﶼԶû̽ϡ˵ǼΣصĹ֮ˣ
ⷲһ߸п˵ţһӳȥ²µ󷨡Ϳʱճֵһܹ·ɽȥǿ󣬾Ϊԡ̫࣬һ˷˹ȥ
طգʮѾ̫̫ࡣûЩ㼶ϵ͵챦󷨵ҪЩ鷳Ҫ˷Ѻܶʱ䡣
λʦ֣ǾãӰ˫˫ôѡ񣿡Զⲻ֪ʲôʱͷǰҶɺٺЦʣǵǻǣǻŵ˽ǿǣ
Ӧøǰɣ㶼ˣѵȥǱߵӲͷʱأǶпϮɱǣ
˹ҲٺЦ(δ1595.ϮɱУ
Ӱ˵Ϯɱδ֣ҶɾԶԶһĻϲӰ
֮ʧߣ粻ôԶԶţֻԴʮǿߣҶɺǲ졣
ȻЩʧߡ˹̾˿˵Щʧߵĺᡣ
ҶɶʱȻ
ʧߡֻԼĸԼΪʲô֮ѡǾֻǾãԼ֮ǿߣľ
ԣҲҲޣҲᷱܡ
ÿһο֮ʱܳ͸ǵķṩ˳ʱ䡣
ÿһ֮ǿ٣ҶѪȡԣö֮֮ʱ֮УҲˣ֪жٵǿߴڡ
ô죿ٱƽߵǿߣҶɳʵ
ɱ˹
ûʲôýĳ칬ǿߵĺᣬҲһɱ磡
Ҷɵ˵ͷôһ֡
ⷲǺЦ㲻Ը⣬ҲҪ㶯֡ڿԽúÿ˲ɱֶ֣Σ
ʦ֣ҪʧˡҶЦţȥһ˸
Ǹٳ߿ģԴʮĴʱӦ˹֪Լһߵϡ
ʵһﲢçײǰʩչһܡܹ״̬ԴʮǿߣҲԿԼԴʮ߰˲ĴڣȻҼԼҲȷԼ׼ȷλá
ڣȻ֣һٶ˲ƶǿߣȻһģɱԼԼ֮ȫûκô
ˣ
һ߱ˡһƳۿֻԭ٩ǿߣаңûãֻЩͽ״ڹ
ԴʮǿΪһ˸ȥȫԴʮ˲ǿߣЦ̸ǿߵ¡ãȻԼһǣһٶ㼶ԼǿߡԼǿɸ㶨
Ǻ˸ش
ߣǣһУȻԽ˱ٶȡּȥһСɽƵ챦
챦ټתۼſ󡣺ԣСɽģջһΡɽһеѹȥ
ߣç֮ɽǱҸ㼶ǿ߶ֱ챦һٶԴʮ˲ǿߡѰ·
ǿ߾;ãԼһɽȥһٶ˿϶䡣ȻѾĥţܲٶȣһٶߵ
ôҲԴʮ˲ǿߣûȥܻһЩõɵ챦
ǿ߿ԷֱڸԼͱˡھãѵ˵ģЩҲûô¡
ǣܿףΪʲôѵл׻׻룬粻ԴʮϵǿߣǧҪЩߣ
䣡
ֻһ죬ʱͻҷ𣬲ڣ
֮ǰûиоΣ١ڣһɲǵʱڰ͵֣ԼҪСơ
ǣû룬ȫûκ׵ģͱ̳ʧ֮У
˹ⷲҲɵסˣղǿҶɼһ˸ǻΪҶҪһһΪҶҪᣬĥһԼĥһԼĺϻ֮ǣû뵽ǣֻһγǸԴʮĴھ˲䣡
û˲ɱⷲŵĴҶʦܰҶʦܣǲר۸ǵĻ쵰ҿԴʮʱĥһ˲ɱԴʮͨѾĲʲô㼶Ȼӵ˲ɱֶΣ
˹ⷲǷǳʱ˿̣ҶɵıֻԴʮѡ˿ҶԴʮ˲ĴڣʵֻǿҶĳľΪˡ
˹ⷲ˵Ҷɵľʮֵ¡Ҷܹ˲ɱ֣ѾǾֵˡڣҶɾȻ˲ɱһԴʮǿߣ֣ܲ
ҶǫЦֻǼһԵо鲻㣬ռ˱ˡ
Уǫ־԰˰ⷲЦҶʦܰʦ˼Ѿ˵ǧǧһ˸СӾḻΣǧһϣͷ۶һ군
˹ҲЦʵҶʦܣͲҪˡ㻹˵˵ֶΣܹɱεˮ׼ڣ
Ҳ˵áҶ΢ЦӦӦҼһ֡
ҶһЦţһ߽ת˹(δ1596.Ϯɱ£
ҶɸոջתʱâȻҶɵ˷ֱ
ֻͻϮɱâһʱ󷨣ҪҶɵ˷ָ
Ҫ֪Ҷɡ˹ⷲʼձ໥಻ǧľ롣ˮ׼ǿ˵ǧ룬ֻֿɼľѡԣ޷ָâϮɱͲܶκв
һ棬âϮɱǣסǵ
һ棬ʱ󷨺Ȼ֣Ƿָ
ҶɵΪղŵĳɹ˲ɱһˣЦǺǵķ̸ôֶεȷܸǴ鷳ǣЩֶδֵʱҶɾѾʼתҶתʱϮɱǼâǡšĹŹ֣óӰͳ˫˫˲ɵôһ
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Ͼ˫ȵٮٮߣϾԴʮ˲۷弶ĴڡҶǡôתԼǴӲͬϮɱҶɣȴ켯еҶ֮âʶͲԼϮɱҶɵˣҶɵ˷Ϯɱǣ
ǣ˳Ӱͳ˫˫֮⡣׷УҲûһܹٷӦǿߡǿϮɱʧܣ˾Ĵһ
ǿ߿Ӱͳ˫˫ֱԲס˹ⷲԼ֣ҶɾôͣôֵĶ֣
ҲѾ֪Ҷ˲ɱ֣顣ȷǴȥʮ𾪵ĸоǣ𾪹˭ʶ
һ֣δӳǵȳս
ûǰ׵ķ޼ɵĽ󲿷ڽ档
˭ʶ֣Ҷ˲ɱĹؼ֮ڡ㶼ܺõĽôҶɵսܹ˲ȵҲû˲ɱõԼĴڡ
ǿߣһɫĶԴʮ߲Ĵڡó󷨣óѾ˲֮и֮Է֮ȥսɱҶɡԣǲΪϮɱʧ֮һսͻᱻҶɵ˸̡
жϴˡȻѾСġʽϮɱ֮ǰֵ󷨾ѾȻչǣǻǵ͹Ҷɵ͡Ǹӵ͹ˣҶɶս˵ľģ
ڳӰͳ˫˫СáʱδӦǣǿâ˳ûҶɵĵ֮ʱе쵽˲
ֻǣֲҲ̫˵㡣Ȼ֮䡣Ǿ;Լؿ͵һۡ
͡
˼Ⱥģ³һںںɫѪ
ҶǱߣҲͬһƵѪǡѪ֮ҶȴЦһѪѪһǽ
ʱɫɷɷס
ʲô˼
ֻǷʩ֮ˡ⵽ʩչģʲô͵ͨ
û֪ھǼʶ㣬߹Գ˫ȵĳӰͳ˫˫Ҳɵɫ䣬ȫⷢʲô롣
ûǹȻ֪֮
ⷬҶǶԺħ˵ģǶѩ˵ġʱ˿̣ߵİУֻ壬֪֮
ѵ֮ͥоʹδֹǿߣ
ͥ˶೤ʱ䣿
칬Ѿʱ䡭
칬֮ǰ֮Ӵ´˱칬ʱ䡭
֮֮ǰͥҲѾڡ
仰˵ڣۻ˶ôãۼʶô㣬Ҳ֪ͥ״˶೤ʱ䣡
ǿ߶ֻ֪ͥԾڣ԰ǿɢͥ.ʱջ֮УЩͥģ͵ʱλ֮УҲȫ˴ԡ
ԣͥŻɼԴǿ㽵ʥءΪκǿߣκ͵ǿߣ֮ͥУĳλͥģ͵ʱλ֮У¡Լᡣ
ֻҪҵᣬܿľΪѰ֮ڵð취Ӧʯ
ʯ֮ԻΪͥеӲͨԱڳʳ֮⣬Ҫ;ʵԣȥѰӦԶ棡
Դ۳һЩʯǣҲͨЩʯӦκԶ棡Ҷɳ˵ʱҾڻɣһпûнͥڣҸҰٷ֮ٵȷԶţڣһ϶ûͥ
⡭ʲôԭ򣿡
ʲôԭ֮֮ܶϮɱǣǱɣ
Ҷɵ˫֮Уɱĺâ΢΢˸(δ1597.λɱˣ
ֶΣЧЧóӰͳ˫˫ɵͷ
˲ʮɲǵʱ䡣ǣֻôʱ䣬ҶɾȻɱŴң
ʲôֲʲôСԹ֮Ӧη㲻˵ϮɱҶɡ
˹ⷲҲɵʲô˵ԭڸҶ̸ǿսû룬ҶɾȻһδŵֶΣ
ڳӰͳ˫˫˹ⷲķӦٶҪԿһЩڳӰͳ˫˫Ҫعʱȳ֣Ӱͳ˫˫

ӰҲǹ֮ˣһʩչͨס˹ĺһ߳Ǳߵǿ߸ȡ
²ΪߡоҶɵĹֶΣɱˡ
ǣóӰûϵǣѾڽڰ˵ǿߣȻûлӦԼĸȣ
ãǿѾ񣡣˫˫ɫģͺ
ģӰŭ˫˫Ȳȥǣ
ʣô׷ˣȫ֮ҲͲڴʲô˵æĿôԺҲͺ͵Ϯɱ˹ˡ
Ҫ֪Ϯɱ˹ˣǳӰ˫˫Ҫ֮һ
ǡ
ûȳӰ˲ƹȥⷲЦƾӰ㻹һɣ
Ϳһ̴ⷲķɳӰͳ˫˫ȫ֡
ҹ㾹Ȼó󷨣
ʱӰòס˽Ų֪󷨵
۹ⲻⷲҲЩԾǳӰԳϡôⷲʮȷţӰش
ڣԼ󷨸ոռɲ֮䣬Ӱͣס˽ŲȻӰҲ֪ҹ
һ˲֪ȫʤ˶Ϥ衣
ڳӰͣסŲʱⷲʶȫáǣⷲûϵǡһ˲ƳģȻǳ˫˫
һ籣·һ㳯ⷲݺݵĵⷲʶԾӰһʱԼʱת
ⷲҲšǺ籾ֻ֮ⷲңʱһֻ֣ȵĽ籸С
˫˫ΪӦ˹֡ǣó˫˫ûϵǣ־ȻҶɵ֣
ٿ˹ȻֱǱߵǿ߶ȥ
ãϵˣ
Ӱͳ˫˫ɫ䣬ȫҶɵ˵սԡ
ܺ籵ҶɺٺЦҸղŲ˵Ҫһҵķ֮𣿱óӰĥʯȻһǾˣ
Σ
˫˫Ҳͬϡ
Ҷɺ˹λ֪ûˡҶ˲ɱ֣ļս˫˫֪ԼҲڶʱҶɡһ˹ɱǿߣͷҶɣԼ¾Ҫ׶༪ˡ
磬²Ϊ

˶ҾˣӰͳ˫˫ʩչͨԶݼߡȻҶѾԶԶĲǧǣȻг˫˫ܡ˵ɹĽ˫˫
Ծ˫˫ˮ׼ĴڣвԶٵĳ˫˫Ҷɺεҡҡͷ
ҪܼҲǶСӲnԶⷲЦȻСӽ϶Զ֮ⷲϣǣڿ϶ǲа
δá˹ٺЦţԶ˲ƻΪ˻ɱһǿߣ׷ȥ˺üʮľ롣
δãֵⷲľеʦ֣ѵΪҶʦѾһǿˣ
˵˹ҶɺٺֱЦ˭֪Ҷʦܵ׻жֶΣղ˵ֶξͺܿ£мƵĹֶΣ㲻ãҶһӵס
ҶҲٺһЦûж˵ʲô
ÿ˶ԼܣԼֶࡢҲ档ǣ˹ֶⷲξͺ٣Ǿûмѹ׵ֶΣ
˵Ҷ֪ԼʮȻԼֶβ٣ǣһսʱԼͻǳϾԼľΪ̫˵㡣Щƫ˹ȴڱȼ
Ҷɲ磬˹ⷲҲü׷ȥȻ˵Ҳʮֺ棬Ҷǡң˷ˡֶΡǣǶʮԾģ̸⡣
߰ɣٳ֡ȵִ׵Ǿͻٴγ֣
˲ٶͣżȶ֮أٶȵ˲ƶȥ(δ1598.Źޣϣ
ʦ֣ѵǵһ·ɱȥһ֮ǿ֮Ҷѯʡ
һʼֻǵ֮ǿߡ˵Ѳ˶ֽţܽЩǿ߻ɱϡ
ڣ֮ǿѾһһӡٵһӣҲʮڡҶǣΪԴʮĴڡһӶǿɱǰٶȴȼ
ڣȫǰҲٵٻһµʱ䣬ִܵеĵһĿĵء׵
ܴ֮ڵĹҲܶࡣУΪҪĹֱʵµ׵
ǵ׵Уԣ˹ȻҪѡȥ׵
ҶҪһ⣬˹˵ֻҪһԴʮ˲ϵ챦ôǳӰζύס˹˵챦ǲ׵СҶɻҪֽ׵ĻôҲһȥ׵
ڣ׵ңԶúܣĵԽԽࡣҶɺܻɣɱʱ䣬᲻󲿷֮ǿڣȫᱻԼ
Ҷʦܣż˹ǺЦֻҪһ޳Ǿֱܳ룡
޳Ҷɲգգ۾

ֹʮʱ䣬ڴѾõ޳ڵʶԶ֮޳Ҷɺ⣺һЩԴʮѵıʲô
Ȼ˹ЦӦˡ֮ǿǾͲٳ֡
ҶɸӾ
ԴʮޣԴʮǿ߲ٳ֣
ҶʦܣѵûΪʲô֮еǿȶ࣬սҲǿȴųɱȥ֮ͥ£˹Цʵ
ѵĽҲ룬೬Ȼڣ֮ɡ
ȷһԭ򡣡˹˵ͷǣȴҪԭ򣡡
ҪԭѵޣһεģϸЩ񱼶ǣҶɰ˼⡣
˵ҶⱲҲѾܶˡǳǿԾ˼άҲſԳԽ˵뷨Ԥ˼Ŀԡڣⱼڶ޳ҶȴãԼе·ˡ
ٺ٣ҲȷѲµ˵ԽԽĺޣ˹ٺЦ˭дڣЩ޾Щ֮еģǿǵУ
ȻУ⾳Ҳ̫˵ɡ
ӥСǣһֻпܶùһֻ׳
ǣַ˼顣ƺķˡҶɷмԭǳԼ߱ɱϢ޳֮󣬾ͼٵԶȥ
ѵΪȻҶһ²һԭ
˹Ծĵɴ۾ⶼ³ˣ
ǺǣҲûȫ³ҶҡҡͷǺЦֻ³Щ޿ضǣҲף޸סˣҲеʹáΣҲӦŵ뿪ɡ
ԴǿҪڵĳһҿƣһҲʩչ
رǵ
ΪԽڴ֮ϣԣ߽ǿvsͽ״ڣȥңǵͽ״Ҳ̫ܿס
ǿߣȫͬ˹ٺЦǵĵ֮ϡˣҲ޴áֻЩ磬ʧǿߣпάϵȥ򡭡˸ľʧǿߣ
Ȼڴ̸죬ǣ˲ûзɶܵĹ۲졣ǾͿȺޱڵʱһԲ޵ӰϵԾǰ
ǳһ֮Ҷɳ˵
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޳೤ʱ䣿ж󣿡
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ҶҲ֪ô򵥵ķǰ˿϶ͳԹǣǲа
ȺԽԽҶɷųȥһɽһͷץסҪʩչʲôԼֶ֮Σ޾Ȼ˲ԱȻҶɵѾͷޣҲûֹԱ(δ1599.Źޣ£
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Ҫ֪֮еǿߣԶʧߡǰĻֻСɵˣĳһĴǾֻʱԶ뿪
УΪ˽ĳһҪضΡһֱȵ׼˻϶ǲܳɹ̽աҪץסһͷޣǾò鷳ˡ
Ҷ΢΢üһַ𣿡
һַƣͺˣǿߣܾԮʧһ
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仰˵ҲûܽԼĵȥתΪԼʹá
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޵ַ֮ȻĥǣоǰҲδ޷աܹӪȵõҲͿԸף
һ룬Ҷɵʶڶ𡣵Ҷ˹ߴٸϽ·ʱҶɳ¶˾ġ
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Ҷҡҡͷ˿˹˵ҶԱûʲôȤ
ʱ䡣˹ⷲȫҶɸжˡ˳Ĭ˺һ֮˹˵е飬ϣ
˵գ˹Ҳͷٵĳ׵ķ򣬸˲ƹȥ

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һʱҶһֱڳԲ׽ޡǡһɲǵʱ䶼Ʋס޾˲Ա
ΪʱݵüԺԲƣԡҶȥ׽ǹŹֵķ֮Ҫ֪о֮Ϊɱڤ޵ʱ֮СΧʱ֮Уһʱ䡣
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ħĵʵҪô֮أڲͬ
ûʲôͬġҶҡͷ˵Ȼһȴһġҵͼ׽ʱԹ׽޻ꡣǣ޻ø죡
Ҳ˵ֻҪѰ淨صģ϶ͻᵼԱѩȻʵ
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Ҷ̽ѩӿռλн˳֣ض̵κ֪ķ򶼲ܶãֻĻ籾ԴȥԲ׽õ޷ɣһտһУ
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䣡
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ͣɲǷԱ취ô
Ҷɸ˵ĺݺһƣֻҪҳһȷ˼·пɹ
Ҷɲûиѩ˵ѩҲܿʰԼ顣ϾԴĻ֮òȥɴģϴûгֹķѶȷǳ޴
ȻڶΡβ׽ȫʧˣ׽ͷ޶һɲǵʱںȻԱ
ѩ鲢ûлģβ׽õ·ӡһŬȫµķ
ĴΡ
ʮɲǵʱ䣡ϲ޷ΣҶ˵ѩ飬ַʮɲǵʱ䣬㹻ȥ׷ֹŹֵķ֮
ԭҶɺѩΪҪϺüʱ䣬ն񡣿ǣû룬ֻ鵽˵ĴΣȻͻĳɹ
֮ȻΪĴڣôԴǿѩ顢ԷҲǵʲôʧķ裡
֮ⴴ취򣬷ļϾܴȫµ档˵֮ĵһأЩСսʵѾˣƽŹ޵ֶΣ
ȥ֮ķߺܿˣʧߵֶΡֻҪܹҵЩֶΣ㲻ԪʼɵҲһԽЩʧȻ
Ҷɵ˼άһԾģֻвԾŵ˼άҵʶĽ
ҲţʦǵȴûзʦͬĳȻڣ϶ͷ˽ֶΣ
ǣȴƫƫûаܸµӣƫƫĿµʧڴˡǵʵĿĵʲô
ڽ֮֮ǰҶɾѾԼʶԮãܾܿʦİ⡣һʶܾܿԮֻǱ棬ȽȻʱ֪ܣ
ڣҶɸǲ²⡪
ǵĿʲôЩȻڹΪ֮飬϶ʲô飡
֪ҳƽеһܣ᲻ǵĸӦλʦֶ˵ʦûа취ֱӿ֮ڵǣʦܣôʦҲпѣ
ǸʦǣⲢ֪޲޲ΪĳЩĿģѣͲʲôô߷ڵĴڣҲ
Ҷɵ˼άԾԽԽǿʱѩһγˡһΣѩ׽ޣȻ˶ʮɲǵʱ䣬źȻԱ
Ȼһַ򣡡
˳ʱ䣬ҶɵһδֹŹֵķ֮ȻɲǼţָоȴôȥ
β׽Ҳֻʮɲǵʱ䣬޾ѾԱ䡣ǣҶȴԽԽģֹŹַıԴ
һ죬һ죬һ졭
ף֮У
Ҳ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬ҶڿЦ(δ1600.Ա֮С
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ԴǿģҪҪ
̺֮ڵԭԼ׷ݳıԴ
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˳ĵ֮֮⣬Ҷɻ֮֮׷ԴԾɴ֮СڶĲоԣҶɲԱԴʮľΪǰظֿ顣
ڣҶһץסһ֣֮еķ֮ȻֻһĿģǾԱһ𡣿ǣĵȷȷϢϢء
֮棬ûʲôϡġԲ̶ֳȡ⾳֮䣬ȥҪԶʤ֮֮
Ϊһ֮Ҷǰо˶೤ʱ䣿
ֱڣҶҲֻǳžѣ㲻ģȫ֮µģԳ֮ΪԱ֮ķ⾳֮䣬Ҷզ಻ѡ
ѲɣһֿԴʮһ
ԱȣҶɾã֮⾳´ﵽԴʮ㣬ڿԸߡƶжϣԱ֮¾ǳ׵׵ģԴʮһ
ֻոƤëɡҾ͵סϸټʱ䣡
ҶɰԸ̾ţר־ģĦԱʱɲǹ⻪

ʱţת۾ȥ
ԷҪæ߻֮Ĵڰ֮£ҶɶԱ֮оˮ׼վ
ģҶɿʼңԱ
ʱ˿̣ҶҵһЩ޽ΪеĵطЩط֮ǿߵĽҶԱ֮
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Ƶı֮һͷ޵ԱһΣû˭ȥ׽ͷޣ޾ĪԱ
ɹˣѩֽкá
ûгɹҶȴҡҡͷ
ѩ龪ȵķʵûгɹ
ȷʵûгɹشѩģȻԷ
ףȻˣҶɾĿԷ˼˵С˵˵ҵΪʲôʧˣ
ΪԷӦԼоνġԱ֮Ȼǻһʱ֮СѰķ֮֯һ𡣿ǣԱʱȴǴģ
һģҶɹЦţƽкáСӦ޵ĵ֮У϶ܹҵԼ֮·
ʱ˿̡˹ûиҶɣֻͱƵİĳһط˹ⲻҶɣ˹ˡ
ۼս칬ڲķ...ҲԼҪ֮УѰͻԴʮ˲㾳ƿĻԵĴһ˹һʱˣֻ֮¸Ҷɡ
ǺԷԾɵֻصİΣǺԷʼҪ˷Լ㣬ԼľΪ
ϧǣһֱҶɶûҵڶ԰Է·ѩ鴳·Էܹߵͨĵ·
û뵽·ȻѯһЩԷĸ˸֮Ҷɲͣҡͷ̾ҿɣͦȫȥ׵ʱܳײԱ֮İԴʮһ㾳磬Ҳȫûпܣ
ģ
Էѩ
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ʱѩͺЩĽˡ
ֱҵôɵǣҶ뻹ǵֹ֮ǰ֪ȫʺҵĵ·ֻʲôط֣
ţѩеħˡýñþѩľ˲ʧ⡣
Ҷɲûע⵽һ㣬˸߲ҵģԷԱְ֮
ֻظҶʦѵĹϵҶɽֻ֮Ҷ赲һӵˡԣһֱҶΪﲻԷ̫æЩźھΡ
ҵһַпһԷδ֮·һʱ䣬ҶɾȻȫߵѩ飬ȫûע⵽ѩԽԽħƵıԵ
ָоԵģֻ㣬Ϳԡף
ģҶɸоһĪɱԷ(δ1601.PK˫˫ϣ
Ҷڵ˹ǵȴڣҪ͵Ϯ߾Զǿߣܡ
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ħҶ
ôħԷһ߷עҪסѩһߴſǻļ׷ʡ
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⣬ô죿Ҷ磬ԪʼɵȾȽɣ
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ңң֪ǣǡ
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ԷµõҶ˵ѩ顱ʧˣΪҪԴΪԷܹиĶȥȥ֮еԷҲһ룬ԼľΪѩôࡣҪѩ鶼ʧˣԼܹ⣿
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һǵ͹֮ĸ顣ԷҶɲɵˣǸ߾ȫҲҪΧԷľǿŮ
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˵֮䣬ѩѾȶ⵽ҶһѩħʱɢҲ֪ˣղŷʲô顣ҪԷ˵Ǹʱһݽѩʶ֮ȥ

ѩԷϿѩԾɻԲѡʵϣѩѵúܡһԷʲôΣգͻ̳֣װȥ
Ҷ磬᲻Σգ޳ʱЩ޾ͻ㳲֮ǣͻȥɨЩ޳Ѩ뿪һξ֮󣬺ħѯʡ
ͣоôյ޳ķɡңǻο֮Ⱥ㳲Ļᣬܵ޳ѨѰ
Դʮ޳Ѩĵر϶Դʮǿߡǣ֮ǿߵĿֲСҲֻеȵЩֲ뿪֮ЩǿǣŸҵЩѨѰ
ЩϸߵѰߣͲѩһ˿ԵֵٴŸ΢Է̸ʲôȫ
˭˵ֻˣҶɺǺЦǼҲգȣ
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㵱Ա֮ǰ裿Ҷ΢ЦӦǳ˫˫ұܽ޻أ
ôħɵõɴ۾ڤڤڤҲһĲš
Աܹ֮޺ȻԱԳ˫˫Щǿ˵𲻵ʲôáѲɣ˫˫pkʱ⽫˫˫޳Ȼú޵Աȥ˫˫ǣЩ޵Ĳ㼶Ҳ̫˵㡣ǧͬʱԱҲ˵˳˫˫һë
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(δ1602.PK˫˫У
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ʱ䣬Ӱļ챦Ϊ챦ͿһɫˮĻ˱
˫˫ɫȻò԰ոնµļƻȻҶ˲ƻ˫˫;ãԼʼҡԼľٱ
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Ӱͺһ˫˫ȻҵųӰһͺȣĺ»ص˳˫˫ӡ
˵ͷʾԼûˣӰЦû뵽ǼȻĵĵǻǿ϶һ⼸ǿɲǰװ˷ʱ䣡
»ص˳˫˫壬Ц磬ԣ
ӰҲǺһЦǵɫˮĻһŻ

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Ҫ֪Դʮ˲ʮŲмһҪżһżζⱲϣﵽԴԲ
ʵϣǰ˹ⷲʱ˵סУܹͻԴʮ˲㣬ɹ׵ԴʮŲǿ١ظִﵽԴʮǿߣҲᳬһٸ
֮УԴʮŲϵǿߵж٣˹ⷲҲǺҲһԤ֡ǧ
ɴ˿ɼͻƶôѵá֪жӢŴڶԴʮ˲ƿ֮þòͻ֮ãҲΪ˸ӢŴṩһͻƻᡣ
Ȼˣν֮ǿǣҲֻмɹͻƾƿ˹̹ԣԼûκΰգһ֮󣬳ɹԴʮŲ㡣
ڣ̶̼ʱ䣬˫˫ȻѾɹˣ
ħ㶨ּѽ֮󣬳˫˫սжȵǣħȴãΣҶֻǿӵһԱ֮Ƥëˣôܸ˫˫ĽᲢۣ
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ҶɻûлӦħĽ飬˫˫߿ͺȻ
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ʶһɨħɵɫסͿ˫˫ֲԶԼҶʹĳ˫˫м䣡
Ҷɵ֮Ȼ˫˫ˣ
˫˫û̷ϷʵĽ˵ҶɣΪ֮˭Ʋʵ㣬ԴʮŲϵǿ֮͸
ħɵɫ䣬ЩĿҶɡǣȻҶɷǵû˿ң΢Ц
˫˫Ҳˣ;ãԼҶɵ΢Цݺݵһ¡
ߣͷװŪ˹ⷲɡСӵնڰ͵Ϯңûã
˭ԴʮŲĴڣ
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Сѵӹҳ˫˫۾ǶôΣҲܹǸڳ
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Ҷ˲ɱ֣֮ʱ˫˫ľܵһǼƻһ˵ƶңҲûֳԣһγ˫˫ûиоʲô쳣Ծ
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˵ǣĵıٱó˫˫Ȼ˶ټͳӰѰһС͹ַڽͻƾƿɹ׵ԴʮŲ㣡
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ӰǴɱһ·Ȼľȳ˫˫һ㣬ǣȴȳ˫˫緢֣ʱĿֲ֮
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˫˫ķķǿԶıͻģͬʱֵľ޴һ˲ɢ
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ЦҶɵ֮ߡڳ˫˫ʶԼʲôֲֶεʱҶѾսǣ˲ƶ˳˫˫ǰ

ǧ΢ǧССĹ㡣ǧССĹ㣬ϳһ˲ɱˮ׼ķ
ķԭܸ˫˫ʲôвǣ֮ⷨУҶȴעˣԼ֮ľ
ȫ޷Ҳȫʲôǿǧɵķ󣬾ͺȻ˳˫˫塣
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Ѿˣ˲ԴʮŲĵ尡Ĵʦ֡ʦ֣¶һ㣡
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Ϊˣ׵⣬һͽ׵ڡ˵ҶֱֻԴʮĴڡ
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һ·ȥûĸǿ߷ҶɵĴڡҶҲûײκһԽԴʮ˲Ĵڡ
һ·ϣҶҲûз˹ⷲڹĺۼɱ׵ѡ˴ӱĵطͻƽûҶǿ֮ܣǻᰴչĴѰҳ©Ȼͻƽȥ
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һֱҶɶôԼϵʵϣҶйǿߡ᲻ԾˣҶʵһǿߡ
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ȵ֮ͥҶɾҲûǰʩչϵӵһϵ챦֮⣬ƺ͸סûκιϵ
ǣֻҶԼ֪ϵ֮Ҫԡ
ѭʦĽ̻壬ʱֶжսƣǳ˫˫ǣҲûע⵽ʵǸϵʿҵϵǺǣ֪˭һʶ
ĵģҶһ֮һ󷨡סֻа֮ң
Ѱǿߣϵǿߣʱ϶׼һˡǣҶȴӪկסˡ
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ҪҶۣⷬ϶ҪѰǿߣø򡢼ǧʱ䣬δܹһ㾳硣ҶɾȻڶ̶ʮʱ㼶
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Ҷɣȴ谭ģԽȥ
Ҫ˿ҶɲԶһף϶ͻӾʮǰҶа֮ңʮ󣬾ҶףȻѾԶɾ룡
˰ף㡣ܹͳͳɵ㲻ҶܳһԴʮŲ㣡
ҶɺǺЦţֻں˼롣
Ҫ֪׵ɲǿյģûи߽ǿߴڡЩԴʮ˲㣬ﵽԴʮŲϵǿߣȫЩ֮С
ҶɴеĿġԮáǵ׵С
˭֪׵е״ŶٸڵõǿڡҲû˭֪׵治ԴʮһĴڣ
Ҳ˵Ҷ̫ˣôܾܿͻЩ߲㼶ǿߵע⣬ܻܿǰЩֲڣ
ֱЩֲڣʵ֮Ϊؼһǿߣ֮ҪĿľΪ˻þͻƣɾԴʮŲ㡣
ԣǻѡǱЩ֮УѡֱĳԴʮŲϵĴڡҪֱ߲㼶ĵˣǿԼý׸
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ϧϾȻܿٻָҿʮʱ䣬ȻǱȥ
һ֮ʱ䶨Ϊһꡣһ֮ǻ뿪ͻᱻ֮ʱ֮УͻԶʧ֮ʱ֮С˹˵þΪûܼʱԲ֮˹֮ԻΪѾ׵Դʮ㣬ΪǼɹǿ߶ѾﵽԴʮŲ۷塣
Ҷɿ϶Ըصޣǣһʱ䣬Ҳȫ˷һЩԼľΪܹһЩ
ǣˡϵһָٶȣûиٰʮʱ䣬ָܻԭ״
ҪԤȻԿٻָԭ״ǣǾζţҶɱ˷֡
ȥɣ֪׵ﵽжٸǿڣ
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Ѵ֮ҶɾͿ̤뵽׵ǽ֮ߡ
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ʩ˸Ҷɷ֣Ȼɵľʹ˽Ҷɲɵðҡҡͷüͷһ΢΢һ塣
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˼ϵʿȴӵ׵ȻֻԴʮǿߣǡսȴпܴﵽԴʮϣ
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Ȼ֮䣬ҶɷԼѾп֮Сȶԣ֮ⷽ棬Ͳ̫Զ̫Զ

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γҶɶʮҪһһģһʮֲǣҶȴû뵽ЩʧȴӵǿļԣҶôʩչֶΣû취ʮɢԵСҶɴvsʱȴ־ȵķ֣ԼĺϻҲȲ˼ң
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ҲǲֻӵϮһģһľΪǿԸݵѹʱԼľΪ
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ǣһ˸һӵϵʱʮȻˡԴʮս
಻٣ǡþսԽҵһ˸ӵеǹŹֵ˼㣡
ʱҶɲټ
һ棬ÿһγ֮ǸԴʮǿڣѰҶɵʱͻøȺγ֮ǸһѰ˽һµʱ䣬ֹͣѲ顣
ԣҶɾãҲ׵İ취ʱͲҪȥˡ򣬴ʱ䶼˷ڲ档һԴʮǿߣǿѲ飬Ǹ鷳
һ棬ȺʧôҶҲ۳
žΪĲҶˣһЩµĴֶ֮ΡȥڵĴ
ǣµ֮ٶȺȺʧһٶҪȫֲҪķһʱ䡣
յĿģϾǵá˵֮󣬿϶ǧʱʱԱ״̬һʲôΣѣ
ǧҶжս̣ҶԶݱ̡
ҶóıԵǿߣȫܣʤû㹻ıͨǿ߾ððʧʧȥս
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һ˫˫ľЩȶҶɵʵսһ棬˫˫ҪҶѹͻơԣԭͬóıԵĳ˫˫ûȲֶξóȻ
ҶԶȳ˫˫ҪȣΪܹдľ磬ѾӽԴԲΪⱲԽս
ȻҪķʱ䲹ôɴཫľһ㣡
ԴʮŲ㣬ҶɣļޡãŵܾܿԼ֮ԴĿһԼܹײ֮⾳ôԼӵǧ

ֻΪ˲ʧһʱͿԸ㶨չǣҶȴҪǧͳͳһľ硣ԣһһ꣬һγ׵
һΣͬʱ׼һȫֶΣ
ԾɳԾһ˸ֻһһ˸ƽֳӣÿһʮ
һӳȥȫΪһ˸һҵʮ͸⡣
ǣһȴǴʩչֶΣɹȡһϵһξѪ
һξѪڶʮڳһ֮ҶҪ֮Ǹȡ
Ҷ˵ĵûжҪģ䡣Ҫ֪Щײʲô⾳֪Щͨʲôһģһ⾳
ͬһֹпֶͬγ˵ͬһ⾳
һ籬ֶȫһģһ뻮һ϶һͬԴ
ҪܹҵǸԴҲȥһ˵Ҿ֮ܽ⡯ɡҾпܸ򵽴ԲУ
˹ȵãҶɽ֮ҪĿ֮һǡΪԼľΪҶҲŷҪӦյҪ
Ҫ֪ҶɽֻͥĿġǰ֮Уۡ
ΪĸĿģӵǿսɡԣҶɷʹĴӦ˹󡣷򣬾˹Ĵʦ֣Ҳûбȥ
յף˾ΪԱ֮ӵһµģӽдԲֶΡҪǻڡ֮⡯ϻͻƣôһҵı϶Դﵽڣ
ʱǲʮ꣬ǣҶ˵ĿȴֻǴﵽڼɡһ˵ãﵽԴʮϣôҶɾͻԥ뿪֮ȥԼǰ֮УȥԼۡ
Ҷǿ߲ͬУȴûб塣ڡ׷롰׷顱棬ںߡԼĽǿҲʹܹԥģһЩ˿ѵ
ֻҪܹץסһ꣬ҽ֮һĿľп³ɡܲץס꣬͵ÿ
ҶһڶʱһҲܿ췢Լֵܵ״һʱ䣬ǾŸû⵽֮ӰͰһ֮󡣴󷨣ȥԿҶɵ֮
Ҷӵгʱ䣬֮ս֮ƵϾ֮ͥ⾳仰˵κζ֮󣬶ӵƽ֮
ǣǰεĳ֮̽ҶѾʮֻҪϢʱ䣬ǸԴʮǿߵǿʶͻɨӹҶֶξʮǿߵʶ֮δõס˵ȥֵЩ˳ʶ׵ɱͨ
ԣҶֶ֪ΣǾŸ֮˲顣һγֻʧܶաִģǵʮ
ѰĹֶΡƵĵǾŸ֮󡣱Ͼǰһ˲ӦϮ֮еˮ׼˲ıԼľΪ
Ҷ׼ֶβѰǵʮֶΣǽ֮ǣ
ʱ˲ǧľΪ֮⣬ҶΨһһ飬ǴһֿԽ֮ǣͨ
ϡʵЩߡʦ֡ʦˮ׼ǿߣ㲻κͶȡɵķҲͬԴԽϣ
ΪӦ׿ǿߵҶɿҲᰴλʦڵķȡͨϡΪһȥЩףҶɾʶˣ׵ϡʵЩá
ϷΨзҪŻᱻ׵һֶ̭Ρ
Ҳ˵׿ɱЩԴʮϵǿߣҲһᱻ׸ɱˣ
֮޺رҶţ֮гǿҲ϶ر𡣶ҶɴƲĽ۾ǣ׿ɱЩǿߣ
ǺǾŸ¶֮ʱ򣬵ʮҲͬʱʩչһͨ
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һһסһף۳һ߳
ÿһĳȫһǣÿһʽԲͬҪоĴڿһĻܹ֪ǽȴ֮֮״ʽǵͨ⾳
ʮһģһ߳ζ뻮һƫС
ʮ״ʽȫȻͬĳȴζаʮֵ⣡
ҪǾŸ֮Уһ⽣֮Ȼܹ֮Ǵƽԣĳһֶصĵ⾳޷˳ʩչ׽
ҶҲѾõĳ׼Ҫĸ⽣Ĵ֮ôҶɶ˵ͻһεݶȥҶɺܿһԾܳɹǣȴûйעһҪһնɹ

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ǣȵԴ֮رǽ׵Դи߲֮κεͨûа취ȷˡЩǿģֻнδĨɱԼӵ޿ܡ
ҶɵδѾĨɱҶԤ֮֮ҲܿüԼδ
ʱ˿̣Ҷɻ֪ʦƴһԼĨɱһδʱ˿̣Ҷɻ֪ûδǿߣ״Ĵڣ
ֱܾ֮󣬵Ҷ֪Щ飬Ÿ̵ĸоʦѱڣֻ֪Լܺã
ǾŸ¶֮ͬʱʮ֮Ҳ˲۳ʮ֮ɵǿǶ֮˲顣
ǾŸӦΪȻٴҲټʱʲô귨ˡֻ˶̶ɲǵʱ䣬ڶʮͳɹȡһ꣡
Ҳʱһǿʶ׵ɨӹ(δ1607.䣨5000ִ£
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ǿʶ֮УһŭҶɲŸոսһûüԶ뿪һŭҡҷմɲǵʱ䡣
ڣҶԤſΣմʱһȻ
ҶɱǽµͳϵʱŨܵĺ׵д˳ֻЩ۳һ˶Ĺ״ҶɵĶߵķɱȥ
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Ц֮ҶɾĲӰһʽͨɱʱ򣬲ӰδɢҶɵıȴѾ֪ȥ򡭡
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ʦ֣оûУ׵һ֮࣬⣬ⷲﴫޱȣôǿͨи߽ǿǿ׵
Ҳоˡ˹صĵ˵ͷЩߣϲóȻ崳Ѳɣ֮Ĵ
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ǣ֮治С춼˵֮ʱ֮У˵ʲô塣
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һ˲սҶʱӵ˿Դʮһʽͨ׷
Ǽһд󣬷һüǸѾõֶΣ
Ϊ˻ѵãҶ׼ֶΡ׼ֶΣ̻ͳ̻Ĵģ
ֶκֶȴֻʩչһΡ䲻Чʧֶ֮ξͽڷϲġ
Ѱ¡ֱ˫˫Ա߻иӰ񡪡ҶɶȥֶΡһΣΪ˳ɹһ׵꣬ҶȴѾֶΣΣʱ򣬽ֶμ
ǸȻڲû׷ɱȵǸȻʶҶʵǿ֮ҶȴѾԶݵǸȻ޷˲쵽ĵط
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ȫ֮Ҷĵһ飬׵ꡣֻҪܹǾ籬ܣҶɾͺпȷβ֮ǰﵽԲľ硣
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ֻһС䣬Ҷɾ͵õ˹˴֪Ϣ
ԭͬΪҲ𣡣
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ȻһЩ˺ᣬ֮ʱ֮йӲд
ˣǶôңԶʡ뿪ǺҶɾҲûи˴
ڽ뵽ͥкҶҲΪЩ֮ͥеӤǣӵԴĻЩΪͥþǿߣٶԴʮϵĴڡ
ڣҶ֪ʵ֮ͥҲз˴ڡ
ȻҶ˵֮Ƿ˻ߡûжôҪҪǣһ͸¶һҪϢ
ϣ򡮷֮⡯ǿߣӵеЩ˵ѪѪԽŨԽϣԽ󣡡
ԡ֮ʵ󲿷֡Щϣǿ⾳ǿǣƴѪͳĴԸͨ飡
˹ⷲЩǿߣһ֮ʱк󡣾ֱĳһΡȥǵǰҲĥԼ飬ûжȤ
ԣ֮ģźεȷ飬֮յǿǴûоҲֻҶɣͨ꣬˽⵽ʵ
ӵӦѪܻø֮ܡէȥƺǹŪ顣ǣһǶȥ֮п϶ĳַڴ˸򡮷֮⡯
ζʲô
ζţ֮Щǣƴػһܣ
ֻǵģҪ߸򵽡֮⡯δҲ̫˵㡣Ͼôǿ⾳Ҳֻһطܸ򵽡ͺңûн֮ͥǰѾӵˡ֮⡯ž𣿡
ʱգҲ֪˶áЩΪϵ棬ͥڵʱ仹ҪԶ
ʱʲôӵľӢûе˵ģλħǿߣԴʮľΪȻͲƳһڣʱ䳤֮УҲ֪١
ҶţЩ֮ǿǣ϶֪ԣЩǿ߿϶ĵһطӢţпܶ⾳Щǿ˵⾳Դʮһ⾳ҲܷѾ˼ƴػ
Ҳ˵пҪá֮⡯пܴǸܡпܣġ֮⡯ܴǸܣҪģĶġ֮⡯ܴǸܣ
ΪˣҲŻãЩӵеҺȻʱõֶμӽǣȴֻǽӽѣűʲ𣡡
кܶ⾳ˣէȥ֮𲻴󡣿ǣϸоȥȴԽԽԶߵĿȫǣྶͥ
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ʱ䷨ʱؾڲǿ⾳˵ѾûκôҶʮԼһǿʱؾԼҲûܽʡʱ䡣ֽʱؾٽףͻƵֶΣѾʧЧ
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Ҷɼѻ꣬鿴ȥ
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ӵнΪѪǿߣ඼Ǵӷ𡣶ǿߡѭͥеĹ֮ʱӵԴľΪ
߳ʼʵ⣬дСõĳȻ塣Щӷǿǡûӵгʱ䡣
ȵڣǾͻٵģֱܹ˵ġ֮ʱǾܹԽսܹսʤԼǿĵˡ
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ĳֽǶȽǸҷǳơΪӵǿԽսԣǲԳ˵ٶȷɿɳ
Ҷɵʷ̣ܶѰʱӵгԴӵиʦָ㡪ҲֻܴӷɱɵͽԴǿ߶ѡǣҶȴԾ𣬾ȻѾԸԴʮŲĴڰ
ģ˵ӰҶɵʶ˸ţħѩ顢Է˵ӰҲһһ˳ЩǿߣԭûҶǱǣȴҲһĳɳ
Ҷ˼˵Ӱ˵ʡҲȷʵֿԡ
룬ֻҶɵʶͣ˺ܶݵʱ䡣ȻҶɾͽǰ䣬ۿȥ
뵽ε䣬Ҷɿ׵ԽԽԽǿ
ʱֻԽڵĵ˶սȵľʱܿԽ㣬ڤڵĵ˶ս
Ȼ󡭡
սˣսɣսԪսԴ
սʱԽĲ㼶ԽԽţҶҲԽԽͬܣõԼɵ̾һţһ߼ȥ
Ҳȫõġɹļ䣬һ֮УҲپ٣Զݡ
ֻǣռһһģ׵Դ
вѣȴûһֱȥЩҪôˣҪôȻȥ֪ӵʲôطȥ֮ʱʮӴҪ˿ˡЩԴ߰ʮǿߣҲδܹҵó
ϣ𣬳ɹʧܡһط֮ǿߣһȫ̫̫֮
Ҷһ߹˺ܶܶĵطʱգλʦֶûлȥ
ԣһУصĴڡŸָصָص˼άָصĽ֡
ǣҶɴûطԼӦͣĵطˣܹԼеУеԶȥĴڡ
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ҶԽԽȥʱ͵ؾ˹(δ1608.Ʋ⣡
ҶɵɫѿһҲʧߣ
ѵȥЩʧҲΪƵԭʧ񣿡
ʧ֮Իʧԭ˹ⷲ˵Ϊ߽ǿ߶ʱǡʵʱͻƵǿסľһֱҶҲδɹ˵һΣҶȴòɣ
ֻѻѣĺĵشûдȻͲһ㳹ʧȻΣ
Ҫǿһʵ粢ߵǿߵ䣬Ҷľȵǿ߲ͳʧôЩľˮ׼ҶɵǿߣֻܿӴһЩѰ飬пܳΪʧߣ
˿ֲȴԵùڿ˵㣬Ͼλʦ˵ʷϴǿߣǶȫȫ뿪֮
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Ĳڣп˵ġ֮⡯
ֻ֮ǿ߲п⾳һɣΪ⾳ӦĳͨǸͨĳܡ
Ҳ˵ͼ⾳ǿߣʧΣաҲ˵ʧǣпܾΪͼ⾳
ٽģĻɡ
һֱڻɣʦǵˮ׼ǿߣȫԽ֮ڿ칬УͿ֮еǣ֮ߣһֱԴʮ˲۷弶ڣ
ڿҵĻȷġЩȻںܿǲϳΪʧߣǿ߹ԣ
ȷҶɺܺáڷֺ֮ǰһֻϽԼ²Ҷɡ˹ⷲȻҲ״ӣǣȴûἰ²ϰԴ֮顣
ǣ϶ŮܹɾǵȲ㼶ǿߣļƵĴڣĺĴڣ
ǿΪԶԱ˺ãǣԲǸϺˡԲȥˡˣǡڱ˺㡢㡢ŵʱ㲻֮ƣȰѵ˸Ųնˣ;Բһ·ƽġԴԲľ磡
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ΪˣǱ׾ɽӲͷƤҲҪ˫ȶŸɡ
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꣬Ҷɰæʱ˹̹ϹҪĳʧߡǣгȫʧˡ˹Ҳ֪ԪʼɵܹܲɹֻϣһԡܳɲɣҪһԡ
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һʦҲʧߣұ취
Ҫ֪֮澳ԴΪѰ²ߡ֮ԶҶɺܺãҲΪѰѰٲ֪ٸʱ䣬ҵôһ
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ʧ֮ͬʧֻ֮ǾȴǱġ֮⡱ءôʧҲûκô
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˵˫ȵĴ߽ܹϹĴСΪ˼λδıĶʦԣλ߽Ϊˡ˫ȡ
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˫ȳ֮ʱŹһ֡˫ȵĲϷչ׳һ׹Ϊȫ¹ǣĹж֣֮䶼һͬص㡣ǾǡԵ
뵱꣬˫˫ҪɱҶɡͨеͨȫߵǸһ·Ҫԭ򡣾Ҷɽ˫˫ͨת˻ȥҲһӰѳ˫˫ôˣó˫˫ı޷ʱӦ
κι䲻ӦĶǿ߲ӦĳֹȴƫƫҪǿֹô߻ħĿԾͻܴ
ʱĳ˫˫ˡ
ΪΪȻԼ׸ɱˡʱѾħתħͻˮпܻøߵľΪ
ǣȴûʶһ㣬ԾɰչȥĹȥ߻ħһĵ·ԽԽԶ
ִ׵ܱߵʱѾֵʮԡ
Ҷӵǿ֮ܵĴ⣬ǿҪӽ׵׵ѡһЩЩ㼶ϵ͵챦ɵΪĿĶڡ
ңͶȡɳɹҲȷ԰ȫȫĴ׵档ͺñȵ˹ⷲòߵ׵ǽǣһǿڱҶɸǳǾֻܵͷܣͲԭض
һ仰Ҫ׵ðգСĽ
ԭ˫˫ͳӰҲСĽ¡˵ĹԵǾͷࡣֶηһȥá
˵ֳǿʮ׵ǿĴڡǰظֳϼЩǿڣССģֽԳ˫˫ͳӰͣôֵܴ洳
ǣڣ˫˫ôӲ
˫˫ôһ̾˹ⷲľ
ʱ˿̣ѾǱ뵽׵ڡֻǣǻûҵĳǿڵĻᡣǶúܰȫǱôĵĶȥһֱȵԽĳǿڸĳǿںúõĽһǣǲֻ˲ʮʱ䣬ǺȻ֣ȻмԴʮǿߣ׵ƺƵɱ˳ȥ
ʲô룿˹ⷲľ̡
Ҫ֪ʷȺйǿ߽֮еľȫȫǴ౦ľ顣
ǣЩ֮УƵЩȷˣ׵ЩССĵ֮УЩȻڻ᱾Գ
Ǹ𹬵ĳȻڣҲܳ
һΣгȻڳıֻ˹ⷲġȻĳȻڣ
ңЩȻڻֻǱԳǾȻȥ׵
ǿгֵףǣ֮УǿУ
˹ⷲЩߣʵ̫١Ǳţֱڶû䣬Ҳʮ˰ˡԴʮĴԳʮﻹõŴϺüʮ׵
ʦ֡񲻶ԾһǣȥӶӲˣ
ⷲЩ
ҲɲżҪ֪ŵĵطǰѰҳطټһ׵ڲʱտüֱһž޴ǡԣһЩЩȻڴӲȥעط
ЩطЩȻڵä㣬ǣä㲢ڡһʲôʡäҲ㡣ЩǰЩصʱרűעһ䡪ҪٱСģ
ڵǹŹ֣ȥ˵ä㡣Ӷûӣ
ǡ
ȲҪ˹˵һսһƬڳȥ·ţ
ⷲصĵ˵ͷĵĵȴȥֻҲ֪׵ȵʲô仯֡Լ뿪

˹ⷲϵõһбʣֻΪһ˫˫
ﱿȻûһҵһ֮
˫˫ɱһӶӾΪȫԴʮϵǿߣȻʮ߰˸Ҳ޷赲˫˫ǰĽŲ̶Ϣʱ˫˫ȻʮǿߡңǵĵѸԼĵ֮ȥ
ֻһԴʮŲͽ׵ǿߣھЩԴʮǿڡܣһӾöǣ˫˫ЩѸԼĵ֮кľΪȻ˲ķǣ
ǰظ϶ܿóֲľΪǣΪ˫˫߻ħˣΪ˫˫͸֧ԼǱ
˫˫Ǳж󣿲˵Դʮһ㣬ﵽʮ㣬κ⡣
Ҳ˵˫˫ܹ˳˳ˮķչȥٿԱԴʮ
ǣֻҪܹ˫˫ֻ߻ħˣ˫˫ֻ͸֧ԼǱôһ֪˫˫Ͳ˳˳ˮģսһ·ȥܹԴʮıԵ˫˫ͻΪԼǣӶұ
Ҳ˵ɶ˶ϡ
ǣ֮ǿǣ۾ߵͣ۳Σȫʧ֮ˡͻĹǿʱǵĵһӦԱƱ֮иɱ
׵ЩԴʮĴҲ˫˫ӵٿԱԴʮȥǱȴû뵽ȴﵽ־ˮ׼˫˫Ѿױˡ
Щǿ˫˫пչֳԴʮһսǿڳ˫˫ǵȲ㼶֮ǰͰѳ˫˫׻
ԣŻԴʮǿ߼ԣǵǼˡǻһӶӵ׵
ȥĺܿ죬˹ⷲ˼ǿ֮Ҳǹȥʮɲǵʱ䣬Щǿھ˲Ƶ˳˫˫ǰ
ߣȥˣ
Դʮǿߣӽٸ׵Ǽֵظǵǿڶû취ֵοȻһ·ȴֻﵽԴʮŲ߽׵ĳ˫˫
˿񱩵Ĺó˫˫ʱ˹ʱ䣬˫˫ͼ˫ǿĶѪ
ţ˫еЩĴǣԻ֮ѪЩ֮ѪʩչĳЩͨ
ʵϣǲʲô֮ѪһЩԴʮʮһǿڵıѪΪЩ˫ȵǿĹ֮У̺ܡԣṩЩѪҲͬ˴Ĵ
˵һû˵ǾǣЩǿ֮ԻԼıѪΪԼеĺʿܹΣʱ򡣱סԼ
Ҫ֪ôĴڣ֮·ϣҲսǿһжΡԼƴȫҲᱻ˲ɱ顣
ЩʱΪ鷢Եѡǣʱһն޷ܣ˲ʱ;
˫ȲǸѰڣԣ˫ȵЩǿǣ϶ԼõĺʿȥײˡǣԼıѪǣЩʿǣӵڼ֮£סԼֶΣ
˫˫Ҳʮ˵ãȻ׵ķʮѸͣǣķӦٶҲ㹻Ŀ졣ڶԷͨδԼǰʱǰ˴µıѪһʽǿޱȵͨ
Ѫ
ͿһĪӰ˲佫˫˫ıסͬʱ׵ǿǵĹҲǡǡӰ֮ϡ
ûκôڣӰ֮ϵһƬۼ׶ûܻ飡
էȥӰֻ֮ӰˡǣӰǿķȴѰԴʮһǿߣûа취˲乥ƣ
Щ׵ǿǸŭˣҲȷţԼıǰôһֳһȷľЩǿڸ¶ľģһҪµ߸ɱڴˡЩǿһ׼ԼɱﵣԼѹ׵ֶΡ
ǡ
ͿһĪӰһǿӰĪľͻһѪɫԭ˻ܿ˫˫ıǣһѪɫ˲佫˫˫װʱǿڵʶ޷ٿ˫˫Ĵڣ
ˣ͵Ϯǣ
Щ׵ǿǲ֪˫˫ֶΪѪǻţ˫˫Ҫ͵ϮԼǣһѪɫɢȥһЩЩǿȫʶ˫˫ˣӵӰ١

ڳ˫˫ʩչѪ֮һȺǿڵҹ֮ԶݶߵʱҶÿٳ׵ķ˲ơһΣðնһЩףñߵĲ㼶ȥ
Ҷɼ˲ƵĹС˫˫Ҳǡô߶
ʩչѪ֮
Щ׵ǿûܵһʱ飬ҶȴѸٵȷ
ң˺üǧľʱѾ׼ȷȷϣ
ⲢΪҶɱЩԴʮǿ߸ǿ󣬶ΪѪ֮һ׶ˡ
ÿʮ˫˫ıͻͣһ¡Ѫ֮Ҫʮֶݵͣʱ䣬ٻһ˲Ƶ
ʵϸ˵׶˼ԺԲơϾͣʱʵ̫ˡ̵Щ׵ǿǼɵҲݵͣʱ䣬˫˫֮ľ롣
ԣֻҪ˫˫߼ΣϿҲֻǵȳȻڿ׷ˡκˮ׼ǿߣֻĪ
ԣ˵ҶҲֻͨǶݵͣ١ǰʩչѪ֮Ҷ֪ʩչѪ֮ǿߣԼĵ˳˫˫ҶҲûȥ׷ɱ˫˫
ǡ죬һжܲ
˫˫ǿ׵ľٶʮֲ
Եų˫˫ұǰ׵ǿȴһ١ѳ˫˫ѹҲͬǳ
˫˫߼ΡüŽѪ֮ǣȴƫƫôˣ
ڳ˫˫Լʮ
ȣڵһ֮ͣ󣬾̽Ѫ֮ʩչ˺üΡ
Σڷ֣׵ǿûһʱ׷ɱԲŻѡѪ֮
ٴΣãԼҪٲɢԼӵеԼпܱЩű
ԣ˫˫ͣ˫˫Ѫ֮ҶԶԶһζͣ٣þǳ˫˫һͣ١˫˫һζʮ룬ҲǳҶӵǸɽȵķȥ
ò˵˫˫ʵ̫ùˡ׵ߣѡĶ߷ֱǧǧҲ塣ǣȴƫƫѡˣҶķߡ
ͣĶߣ⵹ҲͰˡߵԶĵطȥ֮Ҷڶ֣ᷢǸʩչѪ֮ǿʵ
ӵùǣͣﲻãҪͣھ뵱ҶӵɽȲԶĵط
Ҫ֪Ϊ˰ȫҶɽⲼ࣬΢ͷ󡣲ңЩ󻹶Ҷɵ֮ܡһģԱ˷֡
˫˫ԵģһƬʱͣʱѾ׵ķǰһξҶɣ˿ˣʩչѪ֮ǿĿ
˫˫ҶɾüͷȻﵽʮŲ߽ףֻʱ䣬ôܹô
Ȼ˵ҶĲ㡣ǣĲҲֲϳ˫˫ʮ֮һ
ѵԺ󶼵öˣ
ҶʮƵʱ򣬺Ȼ۾Ȼɴ(δ1610.أأ
ɢ
ͨЩⷨҶɾȵķ֣˫˫ľΪһһĲϽͣ
Ҷɿʮ˫˫ľΪͣΪǿˡһȦȦΪɢķҶɿȷɵжϳ˫˫ɢ
ûκɵɢңǰɢʱȥʲôֶΣʲô챦ʵ̫˼ˡ
Ҫ֪ɢ飬Ҷ˲֪ٴΡÿһνΪºʵԼľͱɢһΡǣת֮ʱΪֶβ㣬ɢ˳ȵ֮ҶɾҲû˷ѹκ˵ѾﵽԴʮĲ
˫˫ΪѾﵽԴʮŲ㡣ɢΪʲôԭ򡪡˵ӦÿԽװ˷ѵֻ˷˺ԴѣǻԼҪ鷳
ĵر֣ͻǿߡޡȷ׷Ϯ˫˫Ǹ߽״ڣôͲ
˼ıʣҶɷǵûгų˫˫ķƶǱۣƶ˸ԶһЩĵطԶ˼ǧʱҶɾͿһȺȺޣų˫˫ķ򼲳۶ȥ
Ҷġ֮е޲㼶̫ߣǼϳвԱ֮ҶɼǿޣҲֻԴʮһѡңΪƵԵʣҶɾûһͷޡ
һΣҶɾȿһȺȺ֮У㼶͵ģҲﵽԴʮ㡣ҡÿһͷ޶в֫廯Σ
ҶɸеԾǣЩ޲ûȥ˫˫Ǳһͣʼճ˫˫ɢ
ûиȻôҶɲɵõ̾
ҶʣԼĿ˫˫ѪˣԼĿ˫˫ӵԴʮŲ߽׵ľΪԼпܾͻĵشȥ̽ѰĸԴ
ǡЩȴʮִģɳ˫˫ɢҪ̰ļ壬Գ˫˫ľΪ㲻ʩչκͨҲܽ󲿷޸ĳ
ЩһĶʱҶɸӾȵķ֣òη⵽ڡ㼶ϱߡ
λǰеģǼͷԴʮޣǾɢĳ˫˫вһľ롣Ҷһ¡ҪԼûʲôֶΣԼԴʮĲľΪΪ˰ȫҲǰƽ̫롣
ʵ̫ˣͥеǿжܹﵽ̶ֳȣ
һͷͷΣģҶɾ;ãԼƺ̫ߡ
޹󣬾ǹȡ
֮ԲȻܹȵĵطֻǣҶɻûȣ˵ˡǴ۽磬һ֪ðǿȡ
ûֻǹȣǿܹȵЩᲢ۵Ĺȡ¾ЩﵽԴʮĹȣҲûΣ׹ޣ
֮еķһгǿ֮ǧĽΪǣԾɲޡչ
һʱգڶࡣҶֻǳԵĽӴйԱ֮ķԼйر֮ķڣͨЩޡȣ֮еķ˽øࡣ
̾Щǿ󣬺ȻһҶɵʶл
ҿԦ
Ԧ֮ҶĿұ졣ӹԱ죬Щù˵ֶΡ
ľΪԽԽߣ𽥵ģòԦ֮
Ҫ֪Ԧֻܼ֮ԦȣԼϵ͵ĹޡҪƾϸߵĹޣͱʹͨҶɻ֮ʱѾתѧϰ˳֮ѡûԼƸǿڡǵͶ˵Ԧ֮ѾԺ󣬲ȫˡ
ҶϰߵĲͣϢ˼Щһʱ֮Ȼ뵽ֶΣ
ҪܹȣЩΪǰӲ׵ϣ˵ˣ
£ġõ徳ΪķȥϡԭҶɴһЩһЩһ̵һ顣ڣҶɾϲķ֣ԼܹץһԦһȺôԼͺпܿԽټһˣ
ҶɺܼǣʱҶɲûƶ
ӦûǿߣڣпԴʮϵޡȣ
ǰҶ֮ԲˣΪǿǿɱڣҪģ᲻ǿޡȳ֣
ûеȴ̫ʱ䡣һԴʮľѹʹԶʱд˹
ǿδѹҶɾͿЩΣǣЩյõĹǣһĶɢһͨ·
˴ԭѲɣϰ飿
ǲ಻١ֻһĿͨҶɲɵ־ȡ
˵ǰֲðңֻΪЩޡȶ̫˵ԵʡôǼͨ·Ǿѹһͨ·Ͳֻáˣ
ܲܡ֮ﳣɢ֮¡ҺôҲε꣬޳Ѩʱʹû飡
ܿ졣ҶɾʶܿܣֻЩޡŵĵطŻᷢ顣Լֻͽޣô飿
֪ǶʲôطλʦֵĽܣƺҲ֪֮ﻹŴϸߵޡ޷ɹ޵ĹȣǸᶼûᣡ
һͨҶɶʱʶԼܷܿһء˵ܾ͸Щ֮ǼҪйأ
ҶɸӰˣԭҪˮ㣬취˫˫ȡڣɴһƻһһģҪЩޡȣѰҵĵط
һ챦ЩޡȵʶҪЩȻڵĴ͸죡
Ȼ˹ⷲλʦ˵ף֮ʱգκǿ߶޷͸ӵʱգʦ춼СǣԴӻʦпܾϲ⣬ҶɾҲЩжϡ
Ǻһߣһһǿޡȷ׷׵ǳһߣҶĬĬһµ챦Ϊһ챦Լеȫ˽ȥڣȥеļ챦Ҳֲһ챦֮С
ʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥһ졣ѾԴʮϵޡȣǣԾûĸޡȳϮ
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һǰ˫˫߻ħˣĻɱ׵ǿǣЩǿߡ£ľΪ䲻ģԴʮŲͽףһԴʮŲ߽ס׵Щǿڼ˿˲ɱ˫˫ֶΣ˫˫ܴ߻ħ״̬ѹ
Ѫ֮ĳ˫˫Ȼɹ˳ǣ̵ĵ̫ˡʲôľΪҲ᲻ϵ
ѹĳ˫˫֪ܿԼ׳ʲô״ʮԼȥܿͻᱬ
ԣżҴҵ˸طɢ
˫˫µõԼɢȻôǿڣ
ڳ˫˫ǻһЩͽޣԼͽ׵ǿߡڣһȦһȦģû˵ǿޡȰΧ˫˫˼ѹ
˫˫ֹͣɢߡǣ˫˫ԼԼҵΪ˿ɢһЩطֶΡǿֹԼͻܷˣ
ֻѰܵҲνֻҪȫĵطľһʱͿˡǣܼɢͻٴ߻ħ
߻ħĶ˫˫֪ԣȻޡΧסȻҲʶܻܿиǿޡȵǡȴԾɲչ뿪
Ҷ֪Щ׵Щǿһûп˫˫Ѿ߻ħֱڡҶɻΪ˫˫̽ʲô֮ԾΪŻȵ
ڼ֣ѵ˫˫ʲôֲУ˲佫ôޡͳͳ
ʱ˿̡޺͹ȵѾʮȻ߾ĲֻԴʮ߲㣬ǡ˺ޡȣԴʮŲǿߣҲǳͷۡ
˵ǰжϣܿͻиǿޡȵҶɿǳ˫˫ӵʲô׵ǿֶΣ϶ʹ䣡
ҶԶӰӵˣǳ˫˫ڴ˴һʱ䣬ӰҲû¶棬ͷֿжǳӰѾ䡣
Ҷɾã˫˫϶ʲôǿֶΡΪ˱ⱻǿֶθҶֳԶĵطȴȥ

Ҷɲ֪˫˫߻ħˣҶƲģ˫˫ӵǿֶΣȴûκδ
˫˫ʱ˫ܳĺ֮㣬û֮һ˫Ҫһͳͥƻɲ־ɳ˫˫ɣ
ѾãǺ֮ˡ˫еĺʿУ˫˫һ
ԣ˫˫ıѪ١һǰΪ˶ǼԴʮǿߵĿֲõһԴʮһ˫ǿߵıѪεıѪ˫˫ʮΣ
仰˵˫˫ʩչʮѪ֮ԸѪԶȥҲʩչʮΣٿԴʮǿ߶Կһʱͨ
˵˫˫ӵвԴʮǿߵıѪŵ˵һ֮ʮǿ棬˫˫ıǿ
ҲҶʱȺжϴ󡣵һľһαҶɸ˲ȥ㹻ҶɣһͶЩѪʩչԶͨ£ҶɾֻܷԶˡ˫˫ﻹ֮߱£ﻹ˶߻ħ
ڵĳ˫˫Ծɴ߻ħ״̬֮СΪ׵ЩǿߵԵʣͷѾʮڵڵﻹ᷸£pkҶʱµĴ
һ߼ŬɢһĬĬ׼ֳǿֶΡֹȥһʱ䣬Դʮ˲޺͹Ⱥ
ڽʮŲнףٽһײŰȫ
ЩԼԽԽޡǣ˫˫ҧҧ촽һθǿڵıѪȻġ
ҪǸҷҾʩչХ֮ߴʮҲᱻХ֮˵Զ
˫˫Լ˲ɱԴʮ˲ֶΣڵǣҪΪԼȡɢʱ䡣ԣѡ˴ΧģԽǿб˵ֶΡ
ң˫˫ʮҪǿֶΣͱñֶηɼ׼
˫˫Ѿ׼ˡֻҪǼԴʮ˲ޡȣʮƽ˫˫ͻʩչХ֮һӭͷʹ
ǡ
ףôҲ
ЩģΪĳӰµޡȣ˫˫;ãֻԼ˫΢΢Լ꣬Ҳ΢΢

ڴˡԶǻͨһҶɲɵҡͷЦʲôȥˣǰͻ뿪õŶǿֶΣ
ȻҶɻû뵽˫˫Ѿ߻ħǣȴʮΪ˼һʽǿͨ˫˫òһˡ
ֻ˶ѣ˫˫޷ʱЩޡȣô˵ӣۻͻԳܵˣ
ƣֻʩչѪ֮Ҳ֪ΪʲôûкķѾѪû̫ģȻܹʩչôǿѪ֮
ǰǾһƳҶ˼̵ӡɲ֮䣬ܶʮأӵͨǿߣѾѱǿɱ
ҶҲĶҲͨԣԭҪˮ㣬ǿޡȽ˫˫ɱʱ򣬽˫˫нڣ˫˫ʩչХ֮ʱҶ֪ЩޡѾ޷赲˫˫뿪
ʱ˿̣Ҷһѡ񡪡
ǽ׷˫˫ȥǸޡ뿪
˫˫֪ԼŵĵطҶ˺ܳһʱĵطûвҶѾһӡǡѪ֮ôһӳȥԶҶҵõ
ԣէȥҶӦѡЩޡ뿪ǰҶɾ˼ƻ
ǣڿ˫˫ĴΧɱ֮ҶȴЩѡ
һʽͨУ˿Ĩɱӡǵ⾳˫˫ǸӡǣԽǸӡǳ׻𡣵ʱҾͲ֪ȥѰˡȵһʱ򣬻ҾҲûлɱĻᣡ
ǣЩǿޡҲλᣬû׼Ҳôǿޡȣ
ѡϳ˫˫ɱ˫˫ȿһǿУֿԻһǿͨ
ѡЩޡȣпܲ񵽺ǿȣпָܷģй֮ܵ
˻Ҫʣһ·ȥһ·ȥ򵥵Ľ취ǣ뱾̫֮Զûа취ȥݷȻᵼ·ս޷һЩǿսпܷǣȫ뱾ڣ
ҪǺħͺˣȥޡȣ
ʱ֪٣ȥҶɵĿռλٵĻһЩǿߡڣλȫտյģѹŵļһ֮⣬Ҳûڡ
Ԫʼɵֻܷһȥ׷ˣ
ţȻҷšӵµǸ˾ԪʼɵûʲôǿģǵֶΣ֮󣬾Ҳҵû
ӸϽǵԪʼɵһԼЩ²ⶼǴģһԪʼɵĿԽþȻأ
ǣӿϽȴֻѡԪʼɵ
Ҷɵʱ̣ܶ˫˫Х֮ʮޡȾͷ׷׺ˡֻҪó˫˫ڳһ϶ͿٴμѪ֮˲֮ززӵùңԶˣǱȥ׷Ƿųĳȥ׷֮УѶȴ
ˣԪʼɵ
õ飬Ժһֽ֮Ԫʼɵڡ
һ֮Ҷɻһ˵ôҾͷһ·ڣһԳ֣ٽ壡
һԪʼɵľսҶɵĳŵȴԪʼɵޱȼɣԼɾջʵǹھ޴ˡټϣԪʼɵͷԻʮּ򵥣ǻʮֱԣûѶҶɾͳɹĽ˵
ҶɳɹԪʼɵ˵ʱ򣬳˫˫ڼѪ֮
ʮޡȣʵΧúܽܡȻ˫˫Х֮Ǳ˳˺ԶĵطǣԾɽһʱշúܽ
ᣬһ˲ҶûϵǣȻԼһ䷨
ԭ˭ûзЩ󡣿ǣޡǲϺ˵ʱһͷԴʮޣпһɽʯ϶е״
޻ΪҲǳ˫˫ʩչͨԣѸٶ󷨷˹
ҶЩ䷨󣬸ԴԻٹܡ޳ֵһɲǣǷʱȻԱǳ˫˫ҲҵˣԶᣡ(δ1611.Ѫ꣡
ͣ׷
Խ׷ϣԽǱֻɲǵʱ䣬Ҷɾ͸оԼµǵӡǣȻѾԶݵ֮⣡
⵽ʲô£ظǵȴڶʩչ
ظԴʮ۷弶ڡȻҶֻ֮ԵǣȻ˲ԴԲ⾳ҶɣǽΪ׼ȷģյ˰ظĴ͡
ټϣ˹ⷲλʦ֮ͬʱҶҲ˲ٹԴʮŲǿߵս⡣ҶɿԶ϶ڳ˫˫ʩչͨͲԴʮǿ߿ʩչó
ԴʮһֶΡѵ˫˫Ҳѧ˱֮Ҳӵˡ֮⡯
Ҷɵ֪Ψ˷֮⣬ǿԽʩչǿֶΡ
ҶԼˣûղַ֮⣬Ҳ˲ɱ֣
ǣϸĥһ£Ҷɷ֣˫˫Լȫͬ
ʩչѪ֮ʱľΪûкȻ𡭡ѵѪҲԽʲô챦ʩչɣ
ǰ˫˫ʩչХ֮ҶɾΪ˫˫ʲôǿ챦ųɹʩչѪ֮˼壬ԱѪΪۣʩչĶǣ챦ʲôѪأ
Ҫ֪ҶɺôҲʦˣԯʿֽ̻޵ĸ챦Ʒ׸Ҷɣ˵Ӧûж֪챦ǣû챦ԴѪ
ѾӵбѪǾˣٳ֮Ϊ챦ǣ˫˫һǿڡʲôܣֱӰЩޡˣ
ԴʮһģѾɾ챦ǺεȿֲĴڣҪȿֲڰæǳ˫˫Ҫɨͥκ⣡
һĥֹŹ飬Ҷһ߼ٷɶݡҶȶ֮ڳ˫˫һӡǡ֮ٶȲ࣬ܿ޷ӦӡǵĴڡ
ٷɶ˲һʱ󡭡
ͣˣ
ϸϸоһ¡ҶɺȻ֣Լ˫˫֮ľ룬Ѿ˳
˲һʱ䣬ҿ¾͵ʮʱ䡣ҵͻָˣ
֮׷ɱ˫˫ΪѾ˫˫ʲô״
ȻҶɻ޷ȷ˫˫ΪʲôҪɢҲ֪Ϊʲô˫˫һֱԭزֱΣգһʩչǿͨǣҶȴʮҪɱ˫˫ھõĻᣡ
Ѫ֮ѵҾͲʱҾǰ֣
ʱ󡭡
˫˫ɫ쳣ѿ
ʱǰڴˣصʮءԭΪԼڰȫˣԼԺúõĥһ£βܼɢֲЩδŵǿ޺͹ȡǣû뵽ԼûĥԼЩɶûгѹҶɾȻɱԼǰ
ûʲôɶ˵ģɱɱɱ
Ҷ֪Լ쵶ն顣ǳ˫˫Ҳ֪һԼԲʧܣ
ҶɣΪҳ˫˫°ܽ
һǿᾫѪ˫˫ȡ˳һΣҶڿһǿѪ
ԭ̵
ͷոճֵʱ򣬳˫˫ͼһʽͨҶɾ;ãǰһƬλεá
Ȼ󡭡
Ҷɣڰˣ
˫˫ſЦۿԼһʽͨҶɵı״ݻ٣ҶɵĿռλ״ݻ٣
ڳ˫˫Ҷɿ϶ˡϾռλ涼˲ˣҶɵܶ㵽ȥ
ǡ
Ұ
˫˫֪Σʱ̣Ҷɵ߽ڡţǧҲʱ֮С
ԭҶôͻڡǣ˫˫Ĺ̫졢̫͡ԭҶԤŵһЩֶΣһЩŲȫûó˲ʱ䣬ĵ壬ԼĿռλ棬ͱ˫˫һʽͨ״ݻ٣
ҶѹԼλУڣλ˲䱻٣ѹҲ߽⡣һʽͨûоʹɢǿ
ѣֻȥԸһʽͨȻ˼ĺŵģҪҪҶɸ̵ڣҪסһʽͨͻҷ̸ʵ룿
Ǻǳ˫˫ЦʱһʽͨӲˡ
һʽͨȺݻҶɵķҶɵŲܣٵҶɵĵͿռλ֮Ҳ˲١ԭȫҲֻԴʮ߲ˮ׼ѣԭסһʽͨڣȴɹĽһʽͨ赲
ô£
Цĳ˫˫ȻʱûпʲôڸԼһʽͨԿǣȴֺܿķһξѪټһʽͨҪһҶɸøɸɾ׵ף

ʱС
ҶɵüͷҶɵķɿơ
˫˫δڶʽͨʱҶɾѾʶ˫˫ô
ЩѪĴڣ򣬾ЩѪԴԲǿߣҲܱ仯ǿͨ
ǰΣ˫˫ûжùôǿľѪ˵ҲûжٵľѪ
ǣһˡиǿѪ϶׷һΣټһʽͨ
ֻǶ̶̵ģһɲǵʱ䣬ҶɾѾ˫˫ڷĴں󣬾ͻ̼ڶʽǿͨҶɺɱ˫˫һǳ˫˫Ҳ޲Ҷȥ
ܿ죬һʹҶɵи˳
ԭҪԸõģֻǰˣȽǰΣӦȥ
һҶɳ̻ͳֵ̻ʱרƳһ֮
ν֮Ѱ˵һ챦ģ˵ꡣ
ǣΪѹƵãȵóԪʼɵҶɴȵĸı֮Ʒ֮ȿ˵һǿ챦Ҳ˵һǿ󷨡ҪҶ˵Ļ֮Ϊ
Ѫ꣡
ôߵ챦֮УټһǿѪ꣬ȫԽջɱԴʮŲĴڣ
ʱƣԽջɱԴʮŲǿߣԽѹԴʮǿߵꡭҶǿɱﵣǱҶǿұ˲ɱ֣ʱõķǿǧٱֶΣ
ԭֶʱŶԸõģڣҶɺԥģͽ˳
ڳ˫˫ڶʽǿͨʱ򡭡
ѾĪֵסʱ򡭡
Ѫͬʱ(δ1612.
ҶҲ֪Լֶǲܹ湦ϾԼ״ͨҴûʵ
ĳֱѪ߽⡭
ĳ챦ԽѪ֮⡭
۷˺εѪ궼Խս˫˫ɱԣ˼Ѫ֮⣬ҶҲıԶ
ߡ
ҶһǿߣôȫԼһδ֪ս֮У
˵˫˫ʩչХ֮ҶĿѣԡҶôĲܲ˵ģôɱ
Ҷɱûжãȷʵ˲䱬˲佫˫˫նɱ
ǣͬʱҲһ˿ֻԶһʲô޷Ӧ飬𣬷ֻȻңȴ
ҶɲµֶΣҲǴ֮ݱǳ˫˫Ҳ֮򣬷ֻ֮ʱǳ˫˫ܸоõ
Ҷɿ˫˫֮ܶ򣬵һ˫˫ݽʱǳ˫˫Ӧÿжߡڶν֮ʱ˫˫ӦñӦֶΡ
˫˫ûôڶνʱ򣬳˫˫ǳһ֮İ
ԣҶʮȷţ˫˫֮Ҷڶɣǲֱڣ˫˫ûʶԼαһֵ

˵ƣҶѾ㹻ȫˡղͻûܼʱӵʱȥҲǣҶֻȴһֶΣ
ʱ˿̣ʩչǿĳ˫˫ûз֣ھرԶĵطһ̫ķɴ
ǾθġԽһšҶһӳĹֶΣ
һҶɡʱ˿ڡԽһšļʻڡ˫Ŀգ˫ֺأûκ
һҶˣһ˿ֻҲͬûκġҶɡͻ
һ󷨣ѪʮơĲڣ󷨷ǵܹӵȫġģոҶһģһļ䣡
ǣͳһ⡪
ҶɵĵȷȷҵˣȻһ˿ֻҲ˸ˡߵĴͳ۵㿴Ҷ˿϶ˣ͸͸ˡǣ³ǸһòһһΪһǸһﵽǲǡҶɡ
̫ӣӵҶɵһʱֻǸССģûڵСʿûŪס
ȵôô˺£ڣҶɵıѾӵԴʮĲľΪˣҶֶѾԳŸԴʮǿ߰ˡǣûŪס
ЩʱЩ⣬ˣܼǰ磬Ա֮⾳ڣǱ˵ķ֮⾳ڣЩ⣬뷽跨Ū
ǣЩʱЩ⣬ѵúͿˡ٣ҶûȤȥǸ⡣
ҶɸȤǣվǿս
ߣֻΪܣһߣӦԶĵطڣɴҸ깲ñ˷ˡ
ǣҶѪݷΪǻɱ˫˫Ϊ²˫˫Щͨ
ԣԽһšͣò̫ԶҶɵ㣬˫˫ȫʤԼһ˿ֻ궼ˡô˫˫пΪɹԼӶ˾裡
Ҷţ˫˫ڵ϶áȻһһļǿͨǣ϶ԽԽáȻҶɲ֪Ϊʲô˫˫ԽԽáǣŵʵǣЩޡȣ˫˫ֻܣ
еĶ˫Ϣѷ⡣ԣ˫пܷ󡣴ʱҪ˭Ĵ٣Ҫ˭ľá
˵ǰһǺá
Ҳ˵۶ԵУһǺá
Ǻǻû˭֪ҶɵȻҲ֪ȷŵ鶼пǴģҪǡԽһšϵģǸõԼԼδ֮ҵпԼ䣡
ǣҶɾôƻˣҪôȥĹҵˣҲԹ޻ڡ
ңǰƻǣˣֻҲˣȻһϡڣѪԽճɱȥʱҶɸܵ˳˫˫ĵڶͨǿʱ뷨ˣ˼ӻԾ
ߣһʯ񡭡(δ1613.ˣ

ԭֻһССģ塣ҲǴڵǣȴԲ˳ģԳΪ
ʱܹԳơģһֵֹļһ׹Ǿơ
ȥǼһﳤúܺסǣǼһȴı˻ζɡԣʱֻǸһԳΪ
ǼһˣСҲû취ԳơΪ֪һ壬һǿ̫౶Ĵڡ
˵ǣǿ̫౶Ĵڣǰһˡǰһȴһ군ˡգССͱΨһһԳΪĴڡ
ʵµҶим֮ġϾҪΪҶɣɲġ
ȣҲǴҶɵĽŲһһΪҶЧ͵ġǣԽԽǿԽԽ򵽡֮⡱֮͡⾳
һ⾳ҲͰˣ˵⾳ҪǸԼṩһεĻᡣ
ǣǰһ⾳ȴʮ˵ã˵õͣ˵õҪˡҪҶɵˣ
Ǻһȣ͸Ҷîˡǡû֣ڿǿ˼Ҷɣȶ֣ѹ
Ǻӹȵò侲һѹеòԼ⣬ȡҶɣ˵⡣
µ⣬˺ܾáҶɻûǵʱ򡣾ѾѹԣûʱѾ˼⡣Ǹϵ⣬Ǹܷܲ˵⣬ʱţ
ڡ
һʽֵͨþͺ࣬ڶʽͨδѾʽͨ˵
˵ʱ򲻿ȥǸ˵ġǲ֪ôģȴƫƫΪΣʱ̣⣡
һʽͨľ޴Ц
ʱ˿̣ڣǸޱ߼ʵʱ֮СҶɵ꣬ԼǧԵôĹ㡣ȻáԼڳΪҶɵˣΪ˿ҶĴڡ
ǧ׳Ϊս
תԼڵʱշһ˰˰Ҷɵɬûȥֹж
ЦӺӾãҶѾ޼ƿʩ
䡭
һĺ֮֮ǰ˰ԱٵģһЩʽͨĹܡ
Ϊģһת˹ȥǰ˰ȡһĺԱ
֮ԱɫʣѰǿԱ֮ɫȫȻͬ
ѰǿԱ֮ᷢĿĹâǲԱһˡǹ͹ȥҲͬɢĿ⡣
ǣԱ֮ȴȫͬɢģһ˾ʮѹֵĻɫâ
ǰܼһǧٸԱһʱ֮Уȫֻɫâ⧲֮£˫˫;ԼսʽͨҲԼսСȥ
ģ⵽ʲô˫˫ŭòԼʩһͨĹٶȣһ㡣
ˣӾãԼֱӢ䣬ǿױȡЦţʣµһǧİٸͳͳӳȥͳͳԱ˿
˫˫ڿˡ
ⲻҶɹõЩȻ翴ȥôһȴʩչѰս
ЩǿֶҪˣҲûжֶοʩչֻҪټӰѾܽ𣡡
˫˫µõֻҪҶɣֵǸһҲͬҪҶɡ
֣ĽǧͳͳӳȥͳͳݵԱ϶ԼĿԷˣ
Ҷɣ㵹ùģ֮ҿ϶˫˫Ϊһڶ~~
ҶǵɫӿɬԼĵȷȷ׷ûκԥģһڽҶɵ̵ʱ䣬;Լ
ӵĲе˼·Ȼ֣ҶɾȻһ˿ֻ档
Ҿ˵أҾ˵أթļһôĽԼԭһ˿ֻ긴
УҪһ˿ֻ꣬ԲɳֶΣһӲָɽ
ǣǳ˫˫һԻӦô죿
һεģĪģ(δ1614.̵ջִ£
Īһ취ʱ򣬳˫˫Ҳôʽͨ
ÿÿһʽԶΪͨ͵úķѵһѪ˫ȵǿߣԲȥǻǿڴˣȻʽͨһѾƿס˾ƣôǾͻѡԼΪϵͨĵĽתʤơ
ǣ˫˫ȴá˷ʮѪҲۡ
ⲻΪ˫˫̫óˣӵеѪ̫ࡣΪ̵ᵽҶɵĹ켿ʵ˷ʤ
ԣ˫˫ʽͨȥûнǸ֪ĶɱʱͲֺܲĸо
Ҳʱ򡭡
ǸڴԽһеҶɣ۾һ˿ָת
Ǽһ벻ϻ꾵ͨҶɵϣ¶һ˿Цݡ
һʽͨΪһֱѹҶ˵ҲûжٺôΪԼǿҶɵʵ뷨
Ҫ֪ǸεѾԴﵽ˹ɽľΪȫΣԣֻӵľΪ
֮⼫пԴʮһ⾳ԣܴﵽ߾硣ܾܿԴԲ
֮ǰҶɻ֪пܴﵽôߵĲ㼶ǣʱҶɾѾʶԼһεģʱҲܹ̫ܿʱ䣬ͻһ.ԣҶľĥӸĽ֮գĥһʽͨ
꾵
ʱ˿̣ԼѾҶɵ̵ˣֻҪԼܽҶɽʣһ˿ֻҲ̵ôԼܳ׻ɡ
ǣµóҶɾȻĸܲµóԼ̵Ҷɵ꣬ǸԼһļ
ѳɣӽ󣬾ˡ޷
Ҷָ⻷ŵģ꾵һ꾵ͲʧҪ֪ҶΪŪֵĶһʽ֮ͨûиգʹá
ҶȴʹˡⲻֻһðնѡΪҶʶҪ˫˫ܾˡԼ֮
ֻӮ˳˫˫˭֪ǳ˫˫ӵжٵǿѪҰѪĿȨҲһǾֻܾˣ
ĪļԽƿѪֶΡֻ֪ҶɹƿءΪΪԼ̵Ҷɵ꣬ԲŻѪƿȨ
ѪȻûԭҶɵ걻̵ʱѪ껹ûҾ˵ˣǼһﾫ׼˺üµֶΣôܶԳ˫˫ȫûãԭΪ̵꣬Ѫóճմˣ
Ҳʵޱ˵㣬Ҳһ룬Գ˫˫ôǿֶΣԼ֪жֵģˮ׼ǿֶΣҶпܻȥԽղѪꣿٶȣѪɱȥȷľ
ʱ˿̣ѪȷǶסΣȷûеһʱ䷢ֻ걻֮ǰҶɹΪ֮

Уаٰ뷨ǣֶʩչǼѸ͡
̵Ҷʱ꾵ͱԽһеǸҶȡͬʱ˫˫ĵʽͨҲѾʩչ˳
ʶԼԽղѪʱ򣬳˫˫ʽͨδǣҶһ˿лѾٳͣڸⲼֶΡ
һ˿лԭӦóɳΪҶɵģǣҶѾıԭƻһ˿ֻԾֻҶɵķֻѡ
˫˫ĵʽͨڵǰʽ֮ͨϣ˫˫ãһο϶ܽǸ֪Ķ޵ʱҲòѪ꣬ų˫˫˹ȥ
ǿ߾зֻ⣬ҲȻꡣҪ֪걻֮󣬷ֻɳҪٵʱ䡣һʱǿҵ˷ֻ꣬ǾҲӲˡ
ҲֻҶڣ걻֮󣬻ܿٻָǿ߶Ŭ֤겻ʧʵڲвŻС
˵˫˫ûзֻ⡣
Ҫ֪˫ȵĹߵǸһ·ҪǷŸֻ棬ǿ·ǹеġ֮͡⣬ܹԲľ磿
ԣ˫˫ѪʱӱܡȻףѪ괿ĿǣԴʮǿ߶Ӧǣǲòս
ΣգҪƴһսʽͨͲɵܵӰ졣
ȥҲ
Ѫ꽨湦һЦͳԶ˲ƶȥ˫˫Զ뿪֪뽫׸ˣܽǸԼѪ
ӵеǿѪȻ٣ȴûһꡭɱԷֶεм׷ټʽͨ
磬硣˲ƵҶһ˿ֻ֮ʱ˫˫ӰҲڲԶȻ֡
ûȥ˫˫ȶԣӾҶɡ
ҶɣСӶ㵽ʲôطȥˣԹԵĳЩңһһС
Ĳ֮ԣó˫˫ɵ˫ĿһԭҶɵֻ˷ֻ棡
˫˫ʱεȵĴ̾Ͳ³Լ˼еǸֶһҶѹŵǿڡ
ǺΪʲôᱻҶɸѹڿռλҪһҶɵĿռλ棬óˣ
˫˫ҲɵЩڣΪԼǰǸѪɫڣʩչǿͨ˫˫ãҪԼܹٶһЩҶɵĵϸͲôײеѪɫˡȥԷƴҲ֪Լʤ㼸Ρ
߻ħǵûҪǹȥң϶ı󶯣ôƽǿУ
˫˫Թ԰ʱ򣬲ûҶɡνı󶯣Ը˻УԸҶɣδζøɽľ档
˫˫ѾˣԼ֮Ի߻ħףҶɡҪǼıҶɸܣԼôħԴ𣬽Լ׸綼ˣ
ʱ˿̣˫˫Ѿ϶Ҷɿ϶ûˣ϶ᱻԣĽҶɸĻرԼȥʧܡ
ǣ˫˫ϵõҶɣѾȻƶˣԼ̫Զʱȥ
ҵˣ
Цţֺһ󷨣Ƕڵصµ˳
ֻһۣ͵أЦȻֹ
ʱ˫˫ҲѾƶ˲Զ˫˫ʮеǵֻ꣬һֻ꣡
ʱ˫˫Ҳסˡ
ôֻǷֻꣿôǿļһôܲԼ̵ĵ껹Ƿֻꣿ
ꡢֻ꣬СԴµǿߣҲûֱ治ꡢֻꡣ
ǰ־ٶһ˵ˣѾҶɵ̵Ȼôһ˿ֻӦýΪꡣΪʲôȥȴһֻѣ
ɲǵԻ֮󣬳˫˫ͺһֹһֻ꣡
⵹Ҳʲôرϡ飬ЩǿΪ˱ڻᵷĳǧֻꡣֻǣԽǾǿߣԽǲôȥҪ֪ŪٶķֻһǱ˸׽ˣ̵ˣЩֻôܲصס
ԡ˫˫ʲôΣաǰǰļƻʽͨꡣ
ǣɫȴѿǳѿΪͲҶɻֻڣ
ãмˣ
Ƿֻݺ飬Ҫ뿪ǣԵĳ˫˫ȴѾ˵ʽͨ
ɱ
ʽͨȻ۳һʵĹ
һԴʮĹһԽֱǿ߿ռλ棬ֱǿĹһһ֣Ǿɻ
һδȫ챦ԣֻһ챦ռ䣬ʲôλ档ԡֱܽ챦ռǳ˫˫һȡ
Ȼһ챦
ʱ˫˫Ķˡ
ܹʽͨ챦Ǻεǿ챦Ҫܹݺ֮ҲûжٿвҵĴڣ
˫˫ĵǺܲҶҲͬôΪǣ˫˫Ͳ֪ĸסҲҶоǧʱ䡣뷨Ȼǡֻǳ룡

ҶɻûзԼĲãĵȴ
˫˫ֶȷʵ֪˹ⷲλʦӵʲôѹ׵ֶΣǷµλΪµǿߣǶӵд˵Ĵڡ֪ǶӵкεǿֶΣ
ų˫˫һҶһ߲ʱһҼ֡
ս˫˫ɻʤȷҶЩˡҪԵıֶָΣһ׷ɱ˫˫Ľͻڣ
ǰΣ˫˫ûжþѪֶΣЩֶζԸǿߡòȺõǿѪӳ죬˹ǣҲٷʲô˳
ǿӵԽ׹ɱǿֶΣǱ׾ɽ᲻Ҳӵд˵ֶΣʮǿУҲֻɽľ൱أɽҲֿտյģôóȻ
ȻʦȻԯʿûôǿֶΣǣЩǿߣ˵ûабʲôǿֶΣ
ôЩʧ֮еǿأǻ᲻ỹӵгԽǿֶΣ
ҶĬĬ˼ţüͷšһ֡
λʦӵƵıͨɱͨȴǵûУ
⵹ҲͰˣǣʦλʦָû顣ǰĲ²ܿǶԵģ
ڽ֮ǰҶɾЩε񡣶ڣյϢԽԽ࣬ԽԽʦʵĿġ
ףֻΪҪҼӴѶȣΪҲʧߣȥ֮ռܣ
ԭʱҲȥԵáҾΪˣֶθǿˣȥ׵һ̽
ʮ֮ǰҶɾѾʼԥòȥһƵáϾпܴӵõϣõϢ
ǣڼʶ˳˫˫һһԽֶκҶɾ;ãԼûôԼܾܿѾ׵
ʧ
Ȼ䣬ȻǣȴζԼˣԼеֶԹ
ҪǣΪ˵˽ʧ˭ʮŭҶɲϺˣҪȷˣȷǹҪԼʧô϶ᷴĿΪ
ڣȻĿԴڡǡѾǸֵԼ𾴵Ĵڡ

Ҷڰҷ˼ı
˫˫ȴսֵ˰Ȼ
ӱϿ߶Ѿǰ˫˫ʽͨѾʧҲûгô˻ٷ
ǣߵĿռλȴǶ˭ֻҪһСġͻᱻԷ˲
ֻԴʮŲĳ˫˫˵Ѫʵ̫ǿˡԼռλսԼӵȻƣ˫˫ͱѪ
ʵ˫˫ӵһȻƣҲܶùѪꡣӣҲӲ˶೤ʱ䡣
Ϊ˫˫ҲһȫעȥٿѪ꣬Ÿ˳˫˫Ϣʱ䡣
Ǽһ̫黫ˣڵֹŹҲܡֻټһʽͨ
˵Ļ˫˫þѪҲѾõЩۡ
׵ӳһΡ
ޡȵİΧӳΡ
ΪҶɣԼԸǿ챦ȺõĵΡ
ѾߵıѪˣҪ֪˫еǿߣǳ˫˫׸ӰûôǿѪ
Ȼ˵ߵΣ˫˫ʮ֮ࡣǣҶЩѪҪԸ칬ͷĸǿߵġͣĺķȥ˫˫һоûС
ˣһΣʽͨҾͲ㻹ֵܹס
Ȼܵסʽͨǣ˫˫ȴûϵҶɸóʽͨҶȻ⣬Ҳ϶СȼսҶɿ϶ͷˣﻹͽ
֮ʱˣͻᵼΣǱڵ˶©ˣǾѰ·
ʽͨ˫˫ʮšţʽͨˣԼҪ챦
ǣû뵽鷢ˡոռʽͨʱһµʱպڶȻʽͨǰ֣
ãҶɾȻʵ̴棡
һĳ˫˫ҪϽʽͨɢڲǿϧѪʱ򣬳˫˫֪ҪʽͨҶɸת˻Լ޻·
ǣ˫˫õһʱպڶУʵҶɾзһֶΣֻûܳɹˡ
һΣѪѹƳ˫˫ı꣬ҶһηһֶΡǳ˫˫ҪɢʽͨͺȻãһɾ޴ҪԼıӵȥ
ʲôֶΣ˫˫Ѫɫ
ԶǸѪɫצ˹Լȴһɾס޷Զȥ㻹ʮξѪ˫˫Ҳ֪׸ôܴΣ֮ĿǸѪɫڽԼ˵ȻԼıͺѪɫһ𡣱ǹɾ޴ȡһ֮ȥ
˫˫ּ档
һó˫˫ó˫˫еµ֮¶˳Ϸʵ飬˫˫ģͳ׹޵Ԩ

ŬҪܡ
ڳ˫˫ʽͨʱѾʶҶɷǵûҶɻʵ̴档
¼ҶɡҪ֪ĿãǰôҶɸģ
ļƣļƣ
뵱꣬ҶɻʮСʱ򣬾͹Լǿ˲֪ٱǿ˫˫䡣޲þҪԼǶӣԼԼôôԣ
ǣѾˡֻЩãҪΪ˶Ը˫˫̵Ҷɵʱ˾Ѿע
ԹԵĸҹɣ
ֻǼһȡ;ãԼıͺĸ̴һ۵شһԲ״챦ʹԶµµĹ˹һֱҶɵġ


µֱ£ǳˡǳˡ֪ԼⱲӸӵóҶɵģ
Ҷĵ˵ͷͽһ֮С
Ҷɴģǿ󷨡뵱꣬ҪѾţ֮ϸӵڣò˶೤ʱ䣬һ챦ӵ
ԭѾȫ壬ԣûж೤ʱ䣬һȫµ״
һͯģǿߣҶɵǰȻͯӵԴʮŲľΪǣȴսսվҶǰ
֪ԼΪ꾵񡱵ķǣȴʮҶֻ趯һ룬Լͻ
˴ŬֺҶɡ
ҶЦЦ˵ͽСɣɱɱ
С
ǣҲûκΰ취

˫˫ҲѾûа취ѡ
ҪԾɸĵһôܼЩǿıѪһʽʽǿͨѹԼ󷨡
ǣȴԸԾʮš
ҶɣɱңĸɱңֻҪɱң˫ȵĴȫӦʱ͵űԴʮһǿ׷ɱɣ
ֻԴʮһ㣿ҶɵȻЦôԴԲĴԳ֣
ﵽԴʮһ㣬ζŴﵽԴԲֻԴʮһ۷ڣԴԲ
ܹﵽԴʮһǿߣѾٺˡٰЩҲӽҲᳬٸ
ԴԲǿߣ͸ϡ١ϵģ칬˫Ⱥͷ¸ֻܹ߸㰵ﻹмҲ̫ࡣϾܹߵ㼶ǿߣҪ츳֮⡣ҪԵ󼰵ľԵ
ԣ˫˫áԴʮһ㡱вҶɣþѾ㹻ˡڳ˫˫ҶôôܵסԴʮһǿߵ׷ɱ
ԣҶ˵ԴԲʱ˫˫ɵ֮Աǡ
ҶɣΪ״ӣͿܵȫҲ롣꣬ΪʲôĴͽֻܲԴʮ˲۷֮Ը񣬵ܴ²ĵӣر⣡
ò˵˫˫仰ҶɵĻɡҶԼûʲôֶΰôĿܱ˫˫Ļš
ڡ
ƼûҶɽС˹
ߣԴʮŲǿߡʲôϡ棿˫˫ϲмһˣǣȴѾ˲
Ȼ˫˫ҶɺǺЦǸղŸ㶷ĴڡΪܽ׵ʲô̶ȣ
˫˫ҡ
ȻС𶷷ʱ̣ܶǣ˫˫ѾСǱ
Դʮ㡣ܳɡԴʮһ㣬Ҳʲô룡
ͯģǿߣϹϾġڻЩսľվҶɵߣ˫˫֪Լвϡ
Ҷɣ㲻ҪɱңҿԸף
ףϲ
ҲӦÿˣղʩչͨǿıѪҲӦֻ֪ѰֶεĻʩչֶΡ㲻ҪɱңҲңҾͽֶΣΣ
Ҷɻش𣬳˫˫ֲһ䣺ͼѻֶ꣬꣬ζѵóǣ֣ҲѵĳֶΣ
Ҷų˫˫˵֮ס˳˫˫ı֮ȴ̶ѻ꣬Ϊġ
Ҫ֪֮ĳȻѾ֪˶ꡣ׵䣬ǻʧ㡣Ϊ˱˫ȵܣ˫˫ֻͨ
ãҿԷģҾɱ㡣ǣҲҪģһֲģֶδң
ģԱһַ򣬴֮䡣֮ˣͻ⵽ϳ͡Ƕ㵽֮ͥȥǵȲ㼶ܶĳͷ
˫˫˵ͷ˵һҪҵĵ壡
ҪôߡҶЦѲɣһŻ˵Ļ᣿
Ĭһ˫˫εĵ˵ͷҶ˫˫֮һʵʰģıиֳ
Сˣ
˲ʱ䣬˫˫ɫ䡣
ˣȥˡҶסСЦ˵˫˫һˣ
ѷģ㻹ɱң˫˫ķЦ
ǲɱ㣬СɱҶ˵
ܣĻūԶūҲã˫˫թЦȥ˹ⷲǿ϶Ѿ׵ҵǡҵˣǾеɱң˺Ƥʽս˭ҹɱң
˶Ҷ̣СȳɳԺֲܿαյĴڣǿߣ¾ֻҶӵС
٣˹ǿ϶ûУ
ǡ
˭˵СҵĻūҶɺٺЦСԼûиǩԼ
ûССҡҡͷʵ˵ұû˭ܸǩԼ
ʱЦȻֹ
Ȼ˫˫һŵĿС˵ôΣ˭Σ
Ҷüë΢΢һʵҪΣᷢʲô飿
ƳҶɣ˫˫Цν״ӣǸνĴڰ飬Ȼûи˵
Ҷɾ;һƣüͷһ
Ҫ£ش⣡
Цһ˫˫˵ԴԲ״ӶӦ֪һΣΪ塣ô֮ˡôˣ
Ҷɻ˵ͷȻ֮йءѵȥ֮֮һ
ǣָֻĴˡ˫˫ʵȻԸͲ³ˣ֮йأ
ҶЦǷ֮Ҳţ֣Ҿȴû͵֮ս˵ǼҵĳȻڣûиǣʱʩչֶʲô
ʱ˫˫Цˡ
ȷ˫˫ʦͬʱҲʦûиǣΪʲôҶܹ˲ɱ֣쵹˵ˣǣ˹ⷲȻܸ߳˫˫
ڷµλ֪ΪʲôԼʥŮҶԣǾ͸֪ҶɾȻ˷֮⣡
ֳĬһ˫˫̾˿ǶֻӰˣҲƫ㣬ֶǲѧûġֻлλԲڵͬʱϿɣֶܴΡ˫УܹλԲͬʱϵǿߣҲֻʮ˸ѡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷЩΡǳȷˣҪЩԲȡһЩǿֶΣǲܷ顣
˿ҶɣƺҶСɱԼ˫˫˵ҶɣȻҲѧֶΡǣҿԳΪģ壬װĳȻܴﵽԭ̶ֳȣǣԸԴʮǿߣӦûж⣡
ˣҾҪЩѪͳͳ֪ȫ֮ܲ׵ڵңѾԸԴʮ˲ǿ߶սˡֱ֮ɱ˫ȥֱӰֶθ
˵ֻ˫˫϶ڴʴʡǣҶһģ˫˫ȴģ΢΢(δ1615.Ǭִ£
ѰټҶҵԪʼɵ
ôȥǰڹ¡˵ɽҶɲõĳѵ⡣
ԪʼɵֻǳǣѽѽĽл˺ܳʱ䣬Ҷɷ˼
˵ɽ϶û
ԪʼɵӦǣҶɲøӺ޸סһлпƸ߽ɵĴڣ
ԭҶΪ޺͹ȻֵԣԸԪʼɵȥ׷ȣޡû룬ȺĴڣȻصͬһطѾ˾档
˾ǣȻпƸ߽ɵĴڣ
ԪʼɵѽѽıУҶ֪ЩԴ߰ʮޡȣһƺ־ĶڡҶʶû׼صĴڣܹ߽֮ޡȵԭ
Ҷɲ֪Ǵڵʲôó֮
˫˫ҲﲻæŮ˳˵֮⣬ûôԡ
С͸˵ˣ˷쭶Ͳ顭
Ҷûɽɽ˸طһ߾ޣһĬĬ۲졣Ҫ֪ɽܴ֮ͨܿС޷ֵǿޡȡ˵˭֪ԿԪʼɵĴڣܲܿҶǿߣԡֻڹ۲ˣ̽ˣҶɲŻῪʼж
ʮ꣬ûκޡȳ֡
ЩǿľѪ̶̵ʮʱҶɾԼı徳ΪԴʮ㡣
۳ǧҲϵĽ׵Դʮ㣬ʵ˾޴ķԾ
ǣҶɼɳЩɽҪ̽һʱЩȫĪʧȻÿһҶɶ߾ȫĿǣÿһεĽһ
ģҶɾЩԪʼɵоˡ
ʱҶѾسŵԪʼɵҶҲͬԪʼɵ뿪ǣ֪ʲôԭԪʼɵȴС֣Լ˸С
СȥǸվһվ
ȥ
С֮ͯСŮͯòֻС졣ıģܵǸɽڴҲʲôӰھɽҵĵطվ
ÿζط⵽ʲôԵʣСվŵĵطҶ΢΢üͷ
ɽаҵֱÿһСȥķ򶼲ͬÿһͣµĵطҲһǣҶȴȵķ֣ǽЩ֮ͣһߣǡǡɽԶ
ɵӶ֪϶ʲôԭ档ǣʼŪףΪʲôԼЩĪʧһҶҲʼնŪףΪʲôСͣϡ
ͺһεϣСƾҶȥң޷ҵǸϡ
СȴЩվһ󣬾бı۷
ҪԾѪ
ཱུС˹ҶɴӦĳ͡С۰Ͱ͵ע֮£ҶɸСһ㾫Ѫ
һ㾫Ѫ൱һξѪǧ֮һݣǣ̺ŵӴȴҪСʱȥʮǰСγɵʱ򣬲ֻԴʮ㡣ΪоѪɳԵԵʣʮ֮Ѿ׵Դʮ㡣
ʮһ㣬ٶʵСʮۺ졣Ҫ֪ʮ֮ǰԴʮŲͽסʮ֮ԴʮŲͽס
ҪͣȥɻȻҵūͣҲȲ㣬ҲŴ㡣
С޿κεջĽĿ⣬ʵǲҽɽ
Ҫ֪СڵҲ֮ȻĪʧ٣ȥ֮ҲͬĪʧ
СʮֻķӣҪԽȥпŪѪǣ̣ҪԴͨʵ̫˵㡣
СĽĿջʱ򣬺Ȼ˫˫˵ҶɣҸ⣬Ըʲôͣ
ҰתɹޡҶӦش
ʮҶɲûƳ˫˫ʶΪó˫˫ԼıߡȻ˫˫ǵˣǣҶһҪﾡá
ʮʱСȺǿѪͻͽ˫˫ȫ
Сʮ֮м޴˫˫ҲͬĿȾҶɣҲһúĶˡ
ֻǣҶṩرó˫˫ܲ⡣һ
ôָ磿ҶϷʡ
˫˫Ȼŭֿҵ䣡
ŭ֮࣬˫˫ҲľҶϢģֶͨΣԱøǿ
֮ҲţҶɶûз༥СЦ˫˫ɫʱް仯״糾һ㡣֮лƮɢ
֮ĹֶΣ㵹ѧ˲١Ҷҡͷ˵ǣֶ̫ͣҲ̫áйǶĥһ·֮⣬ǲ㰲ıԴ
С˵ͷȴֹ֮ĥٺãҲܽǰ⡣ǰ⣬ҾһôòҸҪĥ֮⡣֮⣿ֶܻǿġ
С֪Լ˼ҶͿͨͨ͸͸µõǰǷʵҶɹ˵

ڣ˼ʮʱҶɲԼĥ֮ơССԼ˫˫Խνһ˼ƶ̡˼ƳҶɴΪԼܻ˼ͺ˵˼
Ĭһ˫˫ٴΣ˵Ҫ׳꣡
̻꣬ɵҶӦʵ
̻꣡
Ҷɻش𣬳˫˫˵Ҫٲͬ⣬ҾԶΪıߣҶɣ㲻ҪΪҲ֪֮ûɱңΪѾо֮ղƽͥҲƽңҵǻֻۡҪ׳꣬ҾʹӦ㣡
ɽ˵ҶɺܸɴľʹӦ
˫˫ЩˣʶƺԼ뵽ҶɵȦ֮СǣһԼġȻԣȴҲѾԡʳԣٻܵˡ˫˫Ҳʵ벻Ҷɻֽš
룬˫˫Ǿðһա
һξѪа֮һξѪܳȥһ̽
ڳ˫˫ָ£ҶҳһξѪһԴʮǿ߾Ѫէȥͬǿ߾ѪûʲôҪǳ˫˫ָ㣬ֻеȵһξѪ֮ʱҶɲŻ֣ᷢһξѪ֮УȻһ֮
صܹУ֮崫֮Ϊǿһ֡
ҪץһͷޣξѪܻܲôУ
ԡ˫˫Цǣ֮еޣܻ׽õ
˭˵׽ҶɹЦ˫˫ҵֶΣܴĦ㼸֣ɲʲôżȻ
˫˫˾ռλ棬ҶɾͳԷڵķ˲ƶȥ˲˰֮һοѩԷ
Ѿܹվѩ飬ҶɺٺЦѩö
ѩûİҶһۣ漴ָ˸м񣺡ǰС˺ǿ⾳Ѿӵ˴ﵽǱ˶೤ʱ䣬ҾӦÿԻָˡ
֮£Ϊ˴̼һԷԷȥԱ֮ǿ⾳ڿѩԼͣĸûаװ˷ѡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵СڿɲԻ׽Щˣ
ԡԷ˵ͷôҪӲ׵
Է֪ҶյЩԱ֮ԸԴʮǿߴһЩ鷳ֶΣԸõİѾܴˡԣҶɾȻҪԼæץʱΪҶҪ޴Ӳ׵
ҶҲǿޡȵ˵һ顣ȻЦ˵Ūߣܱ÷ӿɿ֮ľѪôһΣҲװ˷Ѱ
ȻôǿޣԷʱĶˣҲҪȥ
Ҷü˵ҵ۲죬Щ޿ѾԱ֮Ӱ졣
뵱ꡣ˫˫Х֮ǺεԴʮµޡȣ޷ֵǣûܳɹӵЩޡҲûǿԱ򡣳˫˫ҲûҵһͨѪ뿪
ҵǰԱ֮ķҲͬڲԱ֮ţ֮еޡ϶Ա֮ǧ˿ƵϵȻǿޣҾӦúúоһ
겻Էļʶ֪˶ٱҶɲĵ˵ͷ֮⡣
ԷѩҪһȥħȻҲûҪڸҶСȥӺħˣҶ»صǸɽʱħѾĥϰ졣
ԷΪħһֱҶɵߡƼħΧɽתƣ˸кҲ֮С
ǶЩʲôԷһ߸źħתƣһߵѯʡ
ħֻԷ絽Сʱʱ䣬ܿʲôŵԷƽѯʣ֧֧ģЩ
ڵԷѾһžرǱ۹⣬жѾ֪˶ٱᱻһȺڹڵڿħ֧֧ʱٻͷѩҶɵϸʱ򣬶ʱȫˡ

ԭҶҪǣԷȴӲǽ˹꣬˶Ϊ顣ڣҪȥðա
һ֮ľѪԽһһǿǣֻĻͲ˵İڲľΪˣֻСȴڲпסǣΪɽһ̽ġûи״֮ǰСôܸһȥ
ԣֻʣһ취ǾǣԼıѪȥ档ȵһǿ֮൱Լһ⻯
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ѰǱ˸ˣҲֻһ㷴֮ˡͺҶɵǧ֪ٴΡǰЩΪղС𣬻ģȫһΣҶҲû̫ܵصˡ
ñѪ⻯ɾʹͬˡһ⻯˸ˣش籩
ԣҶɴԼ顣ΪһȺ˵ͷˣ϶ԼȥաǡûֹԷԷѻˣҶɲͬ⣬ԼͲƳ棬ǳ氮ԱԱҲˡ
˵ݶϣҶҲֻЭֻܾǰ׼ǻȫװܹȫȫĻ
׼һٶꡣٶʱҶɷһ顣ͣר־׼顣ڣԷɹ֮ǰһ׼
һ󷨣ĳƬȥΣգ󷨣Դʮ´ڣӦúѿ
һξѪɱ̫ҪӰܴǿΧ̼󷨡ԴʮµĴڿ϶˱ᣬʮϵĴҲӰ죬΢ٻ
һ챦ƷʲߣֻԴʮ㡣ʵûʲôϣֻܾôպˡ챦Իû֮СǵȴڡҲ˲㱣޷Ѹҳ֮ڡ
ﻹмͨʺʩչҲ֪ܲóһȻٽȥ̽Ѱհɡ
һһ׮׮ģȴԷǸж
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Ļ˶ԷʵǿöˡǰǸԴڣǰͿЩթЩ֮以ͱӵ顣ǸѩůĳүүԷģȻҪԼ
ôĮ飬ٿҶɣٿѩ飬Է;øӵĸж
ǺǣǴռˡ׵˸ǿ⻯˵ôĺô
ḧɫǣԷȥ۽ǵľӨ⣬ûб˭ȥ

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Ҫ֪ʱԷֻԴʮ˲ľΪѡһȺսֱ͸ȫûһ
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ǾĪٹ˹֣ҶɹЦȥ飬Ȼǰ죡
˵գҶɾ˳˫˫ԭ·뿪ɽ
Ҷˣȴ̲ס˸С˵

ٻЩʲôٻɽеЩʲôҶɲġʱ˿̣ĵǣβܳ״ݻٳ˫˫
ԭΪҪﵽڴﵽԯʿǵȲ㼶ܳ׽㶨û룬ھ˻ᣡ
ССħѩ顭˶һγ˶
Ҷѹ˫˫󷨣ֻѹó˫˫޷ղö֮ʩչֶΡǣ˫˫طֶʵ̫ˣ㲿ֶαѹƣҲʩչֶΡ
ھų˫˫뿪ɽʱҶɾͷֻ֣Լ֣Լֻܸ˫˫ƽ֡һĶʱ̫һԼûа취ɹǳ˫˫ͻǿԼ͸Ѱ졣
ĻᣬҲǵĻᡣֻҪݻǾпܻþ˵ֶͨΣ
һ룬˫ȵıӵôǿѪܾԴԲΪ֣䡣Щ䣬Ŷô˵ֶͨΣ
ûСѾ档ֻһѪ֮С˳ɾʦϣ
ûԷ档ԷѾǸɽѾִһҪԷǸͲܿǸ磬ԷֶδӺζǴе
ʵҶɲĶҲһŬϾħѩǶҶһġҶСССҲҲҶһġС֮ǣҶ˵ȷʵͷ
ֻҶɹĶ֮࣬СҲ˽
û뵽һѪ֮ȻԴҿɲֻӵгɾʦϣѾ˽ԴʮŲϣ
һȻ϶¶۵顣
Ҫ֪Դʮ˲㵽ԴʮŲ㣬һѵ˼żΪżôֻô㳬ԽԴʮ˲Ĵڣ
ʱƣĴڵԽԽˡеڣѾൽ㵱ڻңȫòſϧĳ̶ȣ
ǣԴʮŲϵǿȴǳϡ١ϡٵѰ£˹ⷲǿߣټʦģԴʮŲϵĴڣ
ԭҶɵĹĶѾ˶־ǡڡСһȫʩչֶΣ
ҲʲôرֶΣֻô˫˫ıͿˡ
ǿ깥ֶҲãһѳ˫˫ûˣֻǴȱһ飬Ҫ
Ҷ֮⣬˶սⰻȻȴСĴų˫˫ı꣬ó˫˫ʼձڼȴֲɢıԵ
ֻҶɡʩչֶ֮Σֱӹ˫˫
ҶⱲӵһֶ֮ΣȥݻһԴǿߵǿҲҶɵһЩΧǿͨ࿹⡣
һʼҶɺܲ˳
֮вͨζûСֻ绹ûá
ҶɵֶΣó˫˫Լ˵һһֻţһһϲĴݲС
ЩֶҲ˶ʩչǣǲҶӵǿ֮Ϊܡԣ˫˫ȴ׹СܱһǲʧסԼ
ҶɵǼĴݻٵ˳˫˫һǣ֮Ϊ磬ڳ˫˫һʵ硣
ʵ˫˫ȷʵˣȷʵɥʧһΪǿߵǡҶɼǣÿ˫˫ɥʧԼ֮оͻһǿ
ûйҲûб˫˫ĹãǣǹƮȻɢȥ֮󣬳˫˫³֣
ӦԲڿʴֶͨΣֻҪױֶξԶã
ҶɸоףⲢǳ˫˫ԼʩչֶΡӸоֶаԼþηѾʼɣԼҪЩˣԼҪѳ˫˫ı곹Լõ
ֱӸֶζԿϤһ²㼶ֶΡ
ҶɲټǿջһЩ
ҶϣԼ֮ǸǿֶξͲٳ֡˫˫һνãһ½ֻʱܱһǲʧԼҶɶԿ
˫˫һθΪҶ޿κˡ
ҶɣʶľͿЩס֣վһֻ˫˫ȣҪЩס֣Ժһʱʱ˵ЩܡҪһУɱңҲ˵һ֣
һ˫˫ֻسؤһؤָŭ˷׷Χۡ
СؤˣϽϳȥ
ǰǰϽߣһҧˣѷ財˾鷳ˡ
Χߵķ׷ۣó˫˫еķҡǣֻأûΪȴЩûκΰ취Ȼ֪ЩӶôڣҲûκΰ취
ܿ죬˫˫Ұһ˸˳سŵʿǸ֮ǰþݺݵıһ٣һȶˡһһյ߳˳ǣеŭʢ
Ҷɣɱҡֶֻκˣʲôˣ
мˣһ٬ļһ˹һҲһؤؤ
СܿҾͻʲôˡǸؤЦţ˫˫°һưܵɽУҪǲ֮¡
˫˫û˿ţɽУѾưܵɽЦҶɣҪװˣ֪Ǿ㡣Ҫ㻹ǻ磬ɣ
˼ɽĿ˿ڣı
ǷӣؤҶɣûе㴴⣿˫˫ЦţЦֱ
ûȵ·Χۣͳ顣˫˫Լ꣬ɵЦøӲá
ĸҵȹˡֻҪһ˿ָĻᣬҵܽ׵ʮŲнףʮŲнŶлˣҶɣ
֣˵ҧгݡ˵ĹϵҲûһ˿ƵϣڵҶ˵ֻǰûкˡΣҲܸ˫˫κλָĻᡣ
˫˫Ƶ硣һΣǸõֻ绹û֣Ѿ˫˫˲
˫˫ԽԽǿˣСѩЩ𱣳ֳ˫˫ǿߣҲѾĸоԼʩչǿֶΣܴﵽǰһģһЧǶ֪ҶɳʦǵûйƳ˫˫ó˫˫øǿˣ
ΣаˣҲΣա
ڳ˫˫˵Σ֮СǣֻҪܳɹӦԹȥץסΣдڵĻᡣ
Сѩ˵һˡǣǲܽ˫˫ݻٵǷǵòԼҪĶǸҪ˶ܷɣľ
ǣȫЩĻҡ(δ1620.֮У
һУҶѧ˺ܶණ𿴳˫˫һһֻ磬𿴳˫˫ջ񡣿ʵϣҶɵջࡣ
ֻǣҶûϵСѩǣȻ״
׷ջȻܹǴȴҲǴ˴գ
һۿȥҶɾͿ˸Եɡ
Ҳ鷳ֻҪԼøٽ˫˫ѹȥͺˡǣһֻἤڳ˫˫ǸǿֶΡҶ֪ԼȻ˲ջ񣬿ǣҪԼھȥԸǸֶΣûʲôʤ㡣
Ǿ㱾£
֮ÿһ˵ʶ
д֮ĵܣ˲ʱ䣬˶˶¶˲ɫ
Ҷûȥ˵ˣָСıԴʮŲľΪ˫˫û˵ԴʮŲľΪ㵥ѵܱ
Сʱͷ
һȷʵ
ԴٶսʼҶɾͷ⡣ӵԴʮŲ㾳ΪС𣬹ȴûôǿǰҶɻΪΪԴʮһļһˣҲûô⡣ڣȻѩ顢ħһҡɾ̫ˡ
ʱҶҲûʱȥѰԭ
Ҷ֪϶СԼԸġ˭֪֮ܣ׻ζʲô֡
ԣҶɲ룬ԭ򻹱Ƚϸӣһʱ˵£ҶҲͣѰԭֻѡʱƽϢ顣
ܼ򵥡
һ׵ľ󷨣ֱӰСӽȥ
˭ҪĻҡҾͳͳӽȥʰ˫˫ôҲã
˭֪ҶɷʲôǻΪҶڳͷСͷ֮£˴񣬼˫˫ꡣ
֮ܣֶ޹ء
ͺҶɸո٣бٸǿʵϣûɱǸ١ȫпܰҶɴ
˫˫ȷʵǿˣ˫˫ҲȷʵǿˡǣϾѹ֮СϾûУܷͣ죿
˵Χ֮¡˫˫ʼմڼ״̬ʲôıǿˣôǱӵĿռ䣬һϲģ
ҶһٿС𱻡顱ӽ˾ķ侲ʶԼ֮ڡ飬ȴױͷʧۡ
¶Ը˫˫Ҷɵֶοʼ籩
ԾɲǺǿԾͼҪǸǿֶΣó˫˫ԼӦԡ
˫˫֪Ҷɵ˼ʵ֪ҲûϵıҪǲʩչͨԼ͵
Ҷֶܲǿʱ˫˫治˫˫ǵʮλԴԲԼֶΡ㶨չ֮λǿ˫˫˲ǿ˫˫ȴԼˣô˫˫ֻһһ;
ֶΣӱܣ͵Ҫ˭ûѹ˭Ҳжٽչ
˫˫ʮλȻڵĿģ˫˫Ҳʮͬǵľڣû뵽ǣԼŬȻɰҶֵֶΣ
˫˫ûпһ㣬˫˫ΪԼĸϳɳմմϲΪһεĴգԼ׬ˡ
ʵ׬󷢵Ҷɡ
ⳡ֮УҶɶõֶ֮Ρ
ԴӽͥҶɾͼٶֶ֮ΡǱʲôԭ򣬶ʼҲʵʩչֶΡ
Ҫ֪ǳģֻͨǾġûоֶΣӮκս
һΣԭҶֻҪƳ˫˫Ӷó˫˫䡣û룬ǿֶΣʹҶȥо֮֮ϵͨ
֮һҲԴСһҶԴҶɱ徳Ϊߣ⾳ҲûݵܸߵĲ㼶
˵Բ㼶ߵĵ⾳Ϊ첻ʲôǿֶΡֶǿζԸһԴʮŲǿߵꣿ
ҶҪֵԭ֮һˣѩ˲ϵĺ˫˫꣬ó˫˫ʼմڼ״̬֮УԲԽΪͲεֶΣȥӦԳ˫˫ʩչͨ
˫˫Щͨ⾳Ȼǿ󣬵̫˵㡣Ҷǡǡ෴´ͨһ⾳Զ˫˫ͨһȴԶԶڳ˫˫֮ͨϡ
ԣʵҶǿռϷ磬˫˫µõԼġɳʵҶɹΪ֮ԼһУʵֻΪҶѡ(δ1621.֮£ִ£
ֵһʽͨ˫˫һֻҶɵһ˿Цݡ
˫˫ƽ磬ھڸҶѹҶɵƫƫֱȳ˫˫ԣ˫˫ƽѹֻʣͨ⾳֮ѹûж⾳֮ѹ͵ʵǿʦѹ˾ΪͽܵУһһ֮УͽȻȻľܸ򵽸߲㼶⾳
ʱҶɻûȫ͸˫˫Щͨءɳ˫˫ѹһʽһʽͨЩ֮ΪͨĴ֮ҲǿסҶ֮ϲֻΪֵһʽͨ˾ϣ
ΪʮҪǻһЩʱ䣬ܽ׺ʵû룬˫˫һ֮Ȼ𵽺ʵã
ҪֻҪҶȫڶʱڳǣһ·ԸȹرӡԣÿÿһؼĲ㼶֮ͻʱͣʩչʵ
Դʮһؼ㼶ԭҶɻΪԼҪʮ߰ʱܼǰڿܿԼͿǰУ
ʱ˿̣ѩ顢ħѾƽֻǻѹ˫˫֮ǰʩչͨʩչͨѾһʼǿ౶ǣԾֳֻܽ˫˫ıʼմ״̬ѡƾͨѾ޷ɱ˫˫
ҵץʱˡҪڳ˫˫㹻ǿ֮ǰȰҵľ
Цݣټͨһһ磬һһصĹֶΣԴԴϵʩչֹ˴ԼʮϢʱ䣬Ҷɵһ¶ϲЦݡ
ڸ㶨
ʵڸ㶨Ҷɺԥ̤Դʮ߲㣡
˫˫֪Ҷɵ֮֪ҶɲŸոսԴʮû೤ʱ䣬㰴ҶɹȥٶȣҲҪʮʱܽסǺ˫˫ΪҶɶסˣΪҶɶǸ籬ֶΡ
ֻ˫˫ָЦ
ҶɰҶɣ㲻ˣѾˡѾҪʩչ籬ķţȴʵʵģһײ㣡
ԴʮŲнף
˫˫Ӧ÷ǳԼѾȲ㼶
ʼձѩֺ޷ǿ׳ԼӦҶɹͻǿԼͻǿһ֮Լͱʤɣ
ѹԼ͸ܹ۵ٴӵ˵֮Լܷ㣬һѩǰܣ
һⳡȴҴ˸Ҽȳױܿ߻ħѸ͵磡
ٺ١Ϊ˸м㣬Ժ׽ס㣬ҲĺáԲɱҪĥ㣬ܵĿ̣
ҶɰҶɣ㲼µЩ磬̫ûд⣡أûȥɡڣԭеУ㶼ûȥռλ棬ûмʶٿ̣
ǧǧ򣬿ǧһ죬һúõһ¿̣һ֪ʲô֮治У
˫˫ָЦţЦֱ֮Ӻһε硣
ף˫˫ȻЦ֮ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ôˣһҶɵĻӰȻ˳˫˫ߡ
㣬㣬㡭˫˫ָҶɣǼ˹ⲻܣԲܣ϶Ļ
ã档ΪǻǾǻɡҶɺǺЦţӰɢɹ㣬ҲɢǼ
ôȥ
˫˫ɫ˵жѿжѿ
ǲǼٵģģľˣ
ûֱ⾳ζҲûκλζΪʲôΪʲôôܾ
ղŲ²ȫȻҶɵһӰ˳˫˫л롣˫˫;ãԼһζҡȻԼļЩͨҲԼղɵƵһֻ硣
УҪӵи߾УһεģƵһֻ֮󣬳˫˫ӵ㶯һЩˡ
κβ㼶ǿ߶ƴΪ֪ľԱɱС
Ա֮ʱǿߵǧٱԲܻɱЩԼǿĵˡ
˫˫ҲԱҪҶɾлٶ̫죬ҲѵˣƴҲҪݺݵĸҶһڣĵûˣֻʣꡣ
ܹͬԱԱ֮ͬԸһвرڣҶڸ֮սҶɵʼ˫˫ꡣһ˫˫ԱҶɾͻ亦
ѰԱ˾ûˡ˫˫ѡԱȻҪɱ֣ԱˣҲ»ָ
Ҷϵõ˫˫ȻӵֶΡһµֻʱͺȻ֡˫˫͵سԱ
ôҶɼ㿪ҶɼҶã
Ҫ֪µѹķ󣬱ʹֹ˫˫ԱҶҰѳ˫˫Ƶô
ǵĳ˫˫˵ԼͺղһԱҶҲûʲôˡֻΪ˫˫ԱʧˣԼһŬȫ
ҶԻ󲻽ʱ۾΢΢һ
껹ܸ
ǸٸֵꡣҶɵĿֲɵ΢΢һ
ʮŲ߽ףԱһ꣬꾳һף
ѩ顢ħҲɵֹͣ˹ղų˫˫ԱԼ긴ľǸеʮ־ȡ
ûиҪԱΣǿֱԴԲȥˣǸ꾳ĳ˫˫ħӶҪ͹˳
ħûӵİѩûߵǸҶɵķ֮ƵֶΣֶο϶Źеľԣ
Ҷ˫һĵ˵ͷѩ˵ûֶο϶оޣˣˣ
ʱͣٵĹһκȻǰЩֶΣǣЩֶȴȫʧȥã
˫˫ĴЦҵꣿΣ
ѩɫ΢΢һ䣬ȫʶ
ãǴ˵еľԷ
˫˫꾳ǿˣǣЩͨҲȫûáĹֶκȥȴûвκЧǾֻд˵еľԷ
ЩʶǾԷԷ깥˫˫ЦôɣǾԲܻʤ
ҶɵɫҲɵñʮѿ
˭֪Է϶Զȥ˭֪ΪʩչԷ˫˫϶˼صĴֻۡѰֻĵȴͿˡڣ˫֮սѾݱͻȻ֮䲻ܽˣڻʱʧܣԼεصĴ
֮սȥû浶ǹսաǣ˭֪һУ
ֻǸոտʼѩ˻ܼʱǣ˫˫ƫƫѡˣѩȫеʱ򣬷ʩչֶΡ
Ҷɲ֪ǳ˫˫Ϊ֮ǳ˫˫ԼľʵˣԲŹǽҶֻ֪ԼΪѣ
һԼ˵ֵܹԷױǣѩǲܼ֣ղǾǱҺѡڣǻΣգ
ܳ˫˫ʱ⻹⣬֮˫˫ѾҶɳ˸⡣
ѩ˵ҶԼпܼǣѩ˵Ҷɵ֮пܳױ
ҶɶԵ֮ʱʩչͨȫԷ֮⡢֮Ա֮Щ㼶ܸߵĵ⾳ΪǣҶɵľȴ֮Ϊģ
֮ױˣҶҲͻ᳹ױʱԴǿ߶ǣ̸ϸ˫˫³˫˫ֻʣһл꣬ҲԽҶ
֮ûбĿôѡӡ䣬֮ҲضشһҶɿ϶޷ڵľΪпܡ֮ҲԶ޷
ѩˣǶɹνѡҲ˵Ҷûȱ£ܹڴ˹УҲ϶Ķ࣬ٶԳ˫˫ʩչκι
Ҫ֪ҶɲιеǡѩƲ˫˫ǶĥȺˡǣҶʧˡҶɾͿ϶ɥʧ֮
֮Դǿߵıر򲻵֮ͲܳΪԴǿߣ
Щླ۷ĴǣҲӵһ֮Ҷ֮ûˡôȲЩ
˫˫һιЦ
ΪѰɣ޷ɡʵòžˣĽֻһǾ
ûţţ춼޷Ტ۵ľţ
ǣֻлŵţš˵ţֻǴģ
֮࣬ǿ֮ࡣתʱ֮º֮ƾá粻ȱţֻȱܹԶȥţ
л㲻ɱ֮СţֿԻȥˡңѾоҵʸˣҵǱǿˡԭұȲ죬ǾԼЩ䲻졣ڣлɾ֮ڳΪһţ
˫˫ˣ˫˫Լʤȯա
ȷʤܴ󣬷ǳǳĴЦʮϢʱ䣬µ˵ʮϢʱ䣬ǣҶȴûж
ûжְѩˣҲûжȥΧԼʧէȥҶƺɵˣҶƺȫ֪Ӧô죡
Ҷ˫˫Цȷֶ̫̫Źֱ֡ҶûŪףꡢֻ궼ûˣôôǿҲûŪףΪʲôҵôıȡȥǣֶٶ࣬ҲҡҵıԶĸ࣡
Ҫ㾳࣬޷ֱӴЩǿֶΣҸ±ꡣңͻȱЩֶ𣡡
ھ͸˼ˣԼԼ֮ԼԼĵŪΪѣҪԼֻ𣡡
˫˫Цţ˵ţԽԽãԼӮˣԽԽãҶҲ޼ƿʩ
ǣó˫˫û뵽ǡ
ѵûз֣ڵĻضࣿ
˫˫˵ô࣬Ҷɽֻһ仰ʱ䣬˫˫ɫˣɫ䣡
㣬㣬Ȼƭң˫˫ˣ˫˫֪ղҶȫ١ҶȫΪڲƭԼ˵
˫˫ףֻѰƭֶΣԼֻǿҶɳٳٲҶֶлϲԼҲһ̬ģ˵ô໰ҪǣԼȻ˵Լʼռصܣ
죿ǸţǾˣߡû뵽Ȼ˫ȵˡ
˫˫
ҪǸ㾳µǿߣûа취ꡣûбǿ󾳽硣ҽСӽķȥһײȫˡ
˫˫귢
˫ȵЩϼһǿûвµȻһڵǿСԣǾȻֻǿģȴûġҲ˵ֲ¶ˡ㲻ǲܱЩص䲻ǲܱӣǣҪ㳹ױ
˫˫𣡣
ȻоԷ˫˫ҲסҶҪ֪ղų˫˫ЦʱҶɾĬĬĶֶ֮ΡǸʱ򡣳˫˫޷ЩֶΣڣȫûвЩֶΡѾҶһȱڡôܶסһģֶ֮ͨΣ
ǾԷҲȻȻĳһ˿ɶԭ˴꾫żһʽͨڣһʽͨĽɶǰ˴꾫Ķ˳
䣡
ʮšʮˡʮߡʮ
ֻǶ̶̵Ϣʱ䣬˫˫꾳Ȼһǧɣ䵽Դʮ߲㣡
Ծεĳ˫˫ı꣬ʱ˿̣Եüȸղűѩ˺ʱĲЦ
һû䣡
ǵģ˫˫û䣬缱ٵ䣬Ҷɲɵ΢΢üͷ
˼ȻܣȻⶼƵˡ
ɵҶɲ̾˫˫ʵ̫ȫ
ղҶûʲôֶΣƲ˫˫ľԷô˫˫ȻӮˡ
ǣҶֶΣҶʤһ֣ҶƵ˳˫˫ľԷҲסѩˣǣȴΪѣ
ҪЩǿֶΣ翹뷨ܺãȷҺΪѡ
Ҷ˵˫˫ٴ¶ʤ΢Цֻ΢Цʵ̫
˫˫Ҳʮȥƺľˮ׼µʹ˵ңҴľ⡣ԭֻΪ˷Сû뵽ȻпֶΣ
ȷҶܹɹǸΪѵѡó˫˫ֲǣ˵ǣھʩչһʽ֮ͨǰ˫˫Ѿ뵽ĻֶΡ
ֶΪ˶ԸСģСΨһһû֮еǿߣΪ˷Сֹ˫˫Ҫ׼һֶΡֶξǣԵ͵öľΪȥЩȻԼǿֶΣ
ҺˣҲһսսʤǿڵľսƣҺˡԣעǻʧܣ
˫˫Ȼǣ˫˫Ҫ˵
һΣҪ˵ûʲôֶ֮Ӱ쵽
һΣƴһսԲ䡣
һս˭䡣߶ѾݣҲܴһ֮սѳһսĽҪôҶӮˣҶɳ׽˫˫Щ˫ȵҪôǳ˫˫Ӯˣѹĳ˫˫Ҷɵ˵ˣ
ô죿
ѩ˽ĿҶɣ˭ûٶ֡
ڳǿߣΪҲȳ˫˫ǿöࡣѩ˶ˡԼЩȳ˫˫ǿǿֵ߳Ļͻἤڳ˫˫ЩǿֶΣ
ѩ˻ǳ˫˫ԼǶ֪ʵҶʹЩǿֶΡΪЩֶΣҶõôĥߴģóͽֶΣ˫˫ζ˳졢ĥԼֶ֮
ó˫˫˵Ҷɾ֪Ѱ졣

ȷҶɵЦŵ˵ͷҿҵҲͦ
Ŷ˫˫ȵĿ˸ѵ㻹ʲôرİ취ɣѵ㻹ָƽǼλȻڵֶΣʵ㣬ЩֶУ˫λԴԲֶΣ
˫ȵλԴԲĴڣһԺħˡһгǧ
ǳǧǳ˫˫棬Ҳǳ˫˫ҵʦعϵǧڳ˫˫µֶȻǱѰ
ħԭ޵ľħ֮⡣깥֮ͥеһˣ춼ò̾ΪֹŪֶڳ˫˫Ҷƽõģ
Ȼ˸ղŵ֮ҶɽСǣҶʮҪƵЩǿֶΣԼҪʱĥ
Ҫǳ˫˫ûо籩ĥͻԼȥʮ겻оͰ꣬겻оǧꡣҶʣһ죬ܹƵЩǿֶΡ
ڣ·ȷʵ߲ͨ˫˫벻Ҷɻкڣ
Իĳ˫˫Ҷɹⲻ˵ȵ˴ҵθڣҶɲźٺЦ
˭ä㣬Ǿû룬˭ȫȻûвһεıȶ
˭ûμӣСûμӰ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬ǳ˫˫ǺħˣԽûת
ѩһִЦСûвȶСľ绹˫˫
ħҲЦû뵽;Ȼо͵ĺôСˣ
˵ıЦУҶԷǳ˫˫ͳױ

Դµ갡ССûмԴĴڣѹ˫˫Աߣ
СҲ˹ٺЦ⻹ǿˣڲླһꡣҪǷ˵꣬ʱᱻ紵û͹ҵˣֻֻܹأٵĻɹȡ
ôССýζôʼ֮ô仯
ȻǲϱǿСЦӦͬķһڵǸ˵ɣʼķˣԪǾǱǿ˵ꡣ
Ԫ㹻ǿˣͻһϸռ䡣Ԫϸռͱȴаȫˡ
Ԫǿͻɽ𵤡ԪӤͲ׹ҵˡҵ˽𵤡ԪӤҲܳȥᡣ
᣿Сʵ
ǿ˵㻯ʿԪӤܳõĶڡʱһãԪӤҲ϶ḯ
ҲḯҡСգգ۾ų˫˫ôҲḯ
᲻ᡣС֣ǺЦ£ͳΪ˾ǿߣпܸġ񡣽˾ͻϲḯˡȵɾԭʼĿռλ棬ʱȻСǣϸǾͲ̫ˡ
ԭˣѹҾã˫˫ȻԴǿˣ껹ǲࡣС˵ͷȻʮԾʵιΪʲôҪôϸǲͼı죿ߺߣƭҡҸоõ
Զѩ顢ħȫЦС㰡
ңСɫ䣬ðˮңҪԵңҪɱ㣡
СȭͷͳСĴ˹ȥȻС𾳽硢սߵö࣬ǣҲҵֵֻܱͷܡʱһȺЦøӳ졭

֮УҶҲЦûУҾ͸㲻ˣ˫Ѿ֮һˣ֮ȥĹϵܺãΪʲôҪⷭ׼ôʱ䣬Ҫս
ʱ˿̣ҶѾƿ˳˫˫ꡣ˫ȵͨǳ˫˫Щؼ䣬Ҷȫָơ
ڣҶ֪һս˫칬ͷ¶Ǳܡ
ڣҶ֪ЩȻʱĿ֮ڵЩȻʱû취뵽֮
ӳ˫˫ļУҶ֪ںܶǰոմ֮ʱļλȻھִ֮ǣǵ³ȴʮң
û뵽ԭԴԲڡΪӲ֮ȻôֹⷢսѲɣѾ֮ܣ
ҶţЩԴԲڶƿͥûʲôȤҶţȻ˫ȰҪӲ֮ΪһĴսĿ֮
ӳ˫˫ҶûҵĴ𰸡Ҷȴ֣˫˫ԴҲ˼Ҷ֪˫˫ûʲôµ뷨
ڵĳ˫˫ѾױҶɸշˣҶɵĻūƣ֮ͥУҲҶΨһĻū
ѯʣūܲ𡣳˫˫ϸ룬Ӧ
Ҳ룬֮ͥдڼĵ㡣ֻҪЩĵҳռϣЩԴԲǿ߾ܰȫ뵽֮
ʵϣôԴԲڣҴǿǣڣҲṳ֮̂֮еǺˣ֪ӦԴʮŲµǿ߽֮󣬷һһס
ȻνġסڼȽҪĹڣЩеǣӵǿģ˵ķ֮ⶼ֪
ڿ˫˫Щ֮Ҷɽļ˶ʦĻɡϾҪ˫Ȳ֪ԭġҪҪ˫Ȳ֪Щԭܹձ˵ķ֮⣬Ҳ֪ܿܲ
֪˵ķ֮⣬֪ЩΪʲôʦӦòܲµóЩԭϣ֮Ҫܣ
˫˫ȷôʦпɳ˵׵Ѱҹؼ㡣˫֮ͥңǣʦȴɳһǿߣ֮Ѱң
òͽܣ۽̫ߣͽ̫ԣֱڣ״ӲֻﵽԴʮ˲۷ѡ
ҶҲһֱڿǣΪʲôͬѵõš˹˵ǱԼǿšȴûΪ״ӣԭҶɻΪűʲôԭ򡣿һû׼ֻΪ˶Ŀ
Ҫ״ȾûκεǣѰȴǼ飬Ҫܳʱ䣬ҪºܶĹԣʦŹûյΪͽ
ȷôÿ϶ûгʧʲô񣿺пܣԪʼɵʧ߻ѵɵֻĳƾ֤
ҶɵĿ⣬֮⿴ȥС׷СڵС˵ģȻѾ֪ˡݡ˼
ɵҲǸ鷳鰡С֡úõĥһԼ浽ûвʲô
˫˫һ룬Ҷɵ˼Ϊʮó˼Ҳʮϰ˼Ҷɲܽһһ⣬ֱһһεս
˵ղҲաڿԷʱɲ֮䣬ҶɵĵȷȷһƬհס
Ϊϰ˼⣬ԣûΪѵľȥôȥˣһ֮ζʧܡ
˼رϲԾ˼ܿʣ뵽ķ˵ⷽҲӣŻʱҶҲù
Ծˣ
ҶɹⲻȥӪѩˣ֪ʱѩ˻ܿס
ҲԼȥΧΪ֪Լô֧ţѩ֧ŵʱһЩ
ȻͳɹĽ˫˫ԻסˣɹĽ֮ĵͽ˳˫˫֮У
Ҫ֪ԷɲоԷֻҪ˫˫Ҷɵֶξʩչ
ǣʹ˫˫˵಻˵顭
ǣڳ˫˫˵֮Ȼһưˮ
ڣӮһ֮
ڣ˳˫˫䡣
ڣһͷˮ˴Ϣ
رǡ(δ1622.ᰵĹŹ֣
׾᰾Ȼħйϵ
Ҷԯʿ˵ĴǺεѱñǱ׾ɽ˫ȵѹҲֻǿͷвܻ칬ȴûȥ
ԯʿ˵λȫҪһ칬˫ȡµĳȻ
ڿᰲˡӳ˫˫УҶɾȵķ֣˫ȵħ֮ȻʦѵĹϵ
Ȼǳǧͽܣħ˵ͽҲΪ档ǣħ֮ȻʦѵĹϵɾͺֵˣ
ǿҲֻԴʮ˲Ĵڶѡħˣȴ֮ǰѾɾԴԲĴڡʵرǿ֮䣬ȻʦѵĹϵ˵ʲô
˵ᰲѰɫħ˶ľͿ᰿ԳΪԴԲ
ΨͲźܺΨͲ˵ͨҪ֪ǿΪֻʵ൱ǿ֮䣬пƽ۽
ǡ
о޴ǱħԸΪѡʱʵãħԸ·ˡէȥȷʵͨǣΪʲôͣԴʮ˲۷壬ٳûͻƣ
˾ƿ
ֱЦ
ħصŴڣôܴľƿҪ֪ħΪӵĳ˫˫ûöʱ䣬Ѿɹ׵ԴʮŲ㣡
ᰡ
ԯʿ˵ʮΪμһ֮գԲŲ㼶ǣΪĴ֮һһ֮֮ʱѾǼǰ顣۳֮ͣʱ䣬Ѿ˶ꣿΪʲôûͻҪľƿ
ħ˿ۣţֹǰ
ȷҪľϡԴʮ˲ǿ߶ֹڴˣ޴ǣ˵Ⱦʲô
˫˫ʱ䣬ͳɹͻϡûеõʲôԵҲǧʱ䣬ͿԳɹͻơ
죬չذ꣬ɽ׵ԴʮŲ㡣šҲǳǧͽܶѣûʸǧʦѣƽ۽
ҶԼʸƽ۽ûУ
ҲǿҶɵǱǧټƵҪҶΪͽҶɵһξܾʱҲҶһԵȴûгҶΪѣ
ᰲǱƿ谭ǹû磡
ҶɾΪ˺ʵǵΪԽΪһһͷڿ᰹ҲΪʲôԲûżͻƾƿ
Ҫǳ׽˳˫˫Ͳ֪ܡʦҲ֪ܣʦ겻˵ȫҵĺԣ
֪ħ˸֮Ĺϵ϶ܰ˵ô򵥡޲ļŭħˣҲɵᰣҡ
ҶɰҡҡͷԭΪѩ޺ܼ򵥡ǣȴֳȱʡ
Ҳ֪ᰵЩʲôŲͻƣҲ̫ǿ˵ɡһ˵ţҶһ߳˫˫ȥ
Ȼ˵ҶѾ˳˫˫м䡣ǣֻģ˼άġҪôõȻԺۣ󵨵󣬾Ҫ˼άˡ
Ҷɵ˼άͦһ򶼲áг˫˫Ϥ˫ȣͬϰıǿڣΪʲôúõһ
ڣ˫˫ȫ¶ҶɵǰҶȴûɱΪĿġ
Ȼǳ˫˫עԼģĬĬ˼һ˫˫˵ˣֿܡ
ȻֿܣҶʮֺ棬Ҫ֪Լֻ֡
˫˫˵ͷӦǵģֲͬĿԡ
ȣֻʵȻ˿ԴԴʮһǿ߶Կ챦ᰰʵʵҲûܡ
ΣҿֻһıȥʲôصطѰˣ뿪ͥ
оһֿͻԴƵķţţҪǿͣԴʮ˲㣡
Ҷ΢΢ͷ˫˫˵ֿԣǡøҶһģһ
رһֿԡ˼ǣӴЩԴԲǿߣͻ֪һнпܣ
ͷ˫˫;Լʮ㡣Ϊūͻ˼仯ȥУҲɢˡ
˫˫ɤһЩͿȭͷ˵ֿԾǣ᰸ħ˵ħ
ħҶɵ˫ͫɵúݺݵһһЩ¡
˫˫ȴ֪ЩʲôֻŸϽ֡
˫˫ʮҶײԼ뿪󷨣ײԼ۵˫˫ʱūˣ˫˫ҶĹģǣǻūǿܣҲбǿĳ嶯
ǣ˫˫ûע⵽Ҷɵɫ仯ԹԵӦ˵ǰħħ˵Ķؾ
Ѱħֻ³ҪôˣҪô˱ᡣҪôΪʲô״ӶݳȥΪ˶ʵڡǣħ˲ħ֮⡣оħ֮˵볬ԽԴйأū澲Ǻūֻ֪ͨԴħ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷ˵ȵһȣ롣
Ҫ룿
ֱʱ˫˫ŷ֣Ҷɵɫ֮УȻһ˿׷顣˫˫ЩԻˣѵҲоⷽĵͨ
ҶɵȻûоͨħǣЩħԼͨ⾳ġҶɻѪ꣬ҲһħǣΪ˷ųȥģܳõ뱾ڡ
ǣҶȴ˵˴ħңħɹʵ廯
էȥħħ֮䣬ŲСĲ𡣿ǣҶȴ֪ЩƾմħǿߣԼǰ֮е¡ԼǼǰ֮Уȴҵǿߣ
᲻ʲôϵǼ쵰᲻ΪдͨԲŻᱻƸΪҺĵӣ
Ҫ֪Ǽ쵰ʮСԴǿߡǼ쵰СǶ첻ȥˣֻܵȥΪ
пܾԭ򣬷ƾǼʣôܱҸŪͥңΪҵĺĵӣ
ģʷҶɵǰչǣչȴиӿֳ
ӵԴħ֮ħŪ˸ħ֮ôħΪʲôҪѡңҶ΢΢üͷ
ԯʿ˵ϹʱһֱĴ塣δ֮ǰҾѾͥеһʮյֶβ˭֪ûбǿٵֶΣҶʣҪԼħ˵ĻͲѡҡ
˵ħҪĳʲôͨҲӦѡһһģ۵ļŶԡҪǱ߶ˣֱժȥħǻѪ
֮϶йϵħ֮ҲԸħйءǣ浽ʲôϵҪһ²С
ҶɰԵ˼䣬Ȼʵôһֿʲô
˫˫ӦֿԺܼ򵥣Ǿǣħͼı죬᰿˳ԹⲻԼľΪ
Ҷ͵۾һǰôҾû뵽ֿԣ
˵ˣԼڻʦ죿
ŮҲȫʦԼߡʦ²Լаʦ֮˵ĹϵԼӦûʦ졣ǣԼȴĵȷȷˣֱڣɶûȫ
Ҷħоħ˵һıΪıᰲûмԼ˫˫ʮŵ˵򵥣ܿӽʵ֪˿ɷ֪ЩﵽԴԲǿߵ׷ʲô
ܶ˶˵϶׷ԽԴǹȥһһĳԽģǲ㼶ߵģͬ顣
ҲǴ˫˫ΪҲôش𡣳˫˫׼ţȻ˵֮ԼŪһǣó˫˫û뵽ǣҶȴûô˵
ԴһߣԼһ֮
˫˫ɵסˣòԼǰû仰òԼŸոֿ԰òƻҲûԼĻ갡Ϊʲô
˫˫Ͻ˦˦ͷȥ飬ðҶɡ
˵û˫˫ӦūⱲֻһĴ𰸣ǣ𰸺ܿͱʦǧĨɱˡڸղţūᰵĹŹʱһһЩ䣡
ܶ˶ΪĨɱͻ᲻ˣʵ⻰˵Ĳȫȷ
ȷĨһ϶ûˣԭһǲܷ顣ǣ֮йġһμĨɱжٵģһЩļ䡣Щ֮ļ䲢ԭ䣬ǣȴпΪЩɥʧļ䡣
Ѱ£Ĩɱּǿ߲֪ԼļȱʧԣҲȥϸϸѰ㶪ʧļ䡣
˵ǳǧħǵĨɱ˳˫˫仰ǽп֮صļ˳˫˫˫˫ĲԼļȱʧҲҵõ㹻
ڣҶɵİٰŬ֮£ɹó˫˫ų˫˫ȱʧ䵽֮ȫ䳹ױ˿
ǣ˫˫ڿԽӴЩǣҶҪ˫˫һһ룬ΪʲôôŹֵʱ򣬳˫˫ǡüЩ˵ȱʧҪ䣡
˫˫ΪôҪ飬Ҷɸܲµõ˫˫ҪŪһȻҶ֪ԼǺôģԼǺŬ˵ġ˫˫ҪԴΪ뿪ѹԼ󷨣۳
ǣó˫˫û뵽ǣҶɾȻ֪Ĵ𰸣
˫˫ӦҶɵĻʮ־ɥȴֲа㱧Թȥ룬ҶΪʲô֪ôص顣Լôó裬Բ֮ա˿ɲԼۺҪǻ͵˻˳ȥ϶ͻᱻԴԲĴɱ
㲻ã֮ôΪԵ˵ã͵ԴԲڵɡѹֻóģ֮Լı֮
ʱ˿̣Ҷɲûȥѳ˫˫ꡣԣҲ֪˫˫ȻôصĲ롣Ҷĥһϸһֿ֮Ƴһǳ˫˫ŷ֣ڳ˫˫ԼȻ˸ȡԴԲ֮µС(δ1623.Ŭƹأϣ
ֻЦЦҶҲȥ˫˫뷨
ʵʵĴΪһЩԼ֮顣Ҫȥչҳ֮ʱܹ⣬Ҿͻ壡
˫˫ϲϽͷлٴվʱҶѾ֪ȥδ

һαչأʱ佫ܳܳôڳ˫˫ͨؼúһȻǲܵ顣
Ҷɸеǣڳ˫˫ЩͨȻһЩԴʮǿ߲أ˫˫ʦǧԼħˣܿó˫˫ó˫˫п֮У׵Դʮ㣡
ʮʱ䣬Դʮ˲۷壬׵Դʮ㡣Գ˫˫Ǳһֻϧ˫˫Լ˵ŵŲšڵĳ˫˫ȻûҲѾȫƿءȻʣһЩҲѾʣ޼ˡ
ǱⶫԽǵͽ׵ǿ߿ԽǾ翡ԽǸ߽׵ǿ߿Խޱ
ΪˣһҶɡħ˵ħĻôħ˿϶ҲΪᰵǱԲŻʦѣͬͬ۽
ڣҶɵľΪҲԽԽˡ˵Ǳˮ׼ҲԽԽǿˡ֪Լ˳˫˫һǿ˫˫ʾһǧɡԼϷų˫˫˫˫ҲֻǸͨţѽ׵ߵľȥˡ
Ҷɸ̾˫˫Ǳе÷ţ¡̶ˣԼǱƺΪһε֮˲С
ڵľΪӦôӽΪͽ׵ͨʼ򡣿ǣֱȥԴʮͨȻҲһ˿ⲻǱʲôԭ򣿡
û뵽֮Ļʤ߾ȻǱԺҵǿԶս
ֱӿԽ㣬ȥԴʮͨΪҶɽʡʱ䣿
ҶԭȵĹơͰĲݣµûϽʱ䣬пܽڳ˫˫ͨȫҪЩȥ̽ǶǬִоһҲҪʱ䡣
ڣͽ׵ͨˣֱȥԴʮֻͨǧʱ䡣ͿԲסǴ˽һֻʮʱ䣬Ϳƹض
ȥҶɱչءǲ֮󣬰ѷ󳷵ͿˣƲʲôƹضһΣҶΪܹ׵ӦǶǬеΣգúǿ֮ͨٽǶǬһ̽ԣԼŪһǿıչ֮
ԽǿԽҪӵǿƹضǡƹءĿġ˹ߣǽƵĹذԼŬ
ҶԭȵĹƣҪʱ䣬ԼƵԼֲµǿչ֮ǣҶɷԼʱǿֻ֮ȥ˶̶ʮʱ䣬Ϳƹس
ʮʱ䣬޳һԴʮͨƾһʽͨͿսǧ
Ҷ޵Ψһͨǽ
ΪʵκԱϰսоܱʮٱǧҶɿϼоȥս򱶡ʮ򱶡򱶣Ҳǲ
ǣҶѾԸٵˡ֪Էʱб¶Σա֪ԷʱıԵȻҶɿռλƲδѣǣҶԾɲԸټȥ
ƹأ
ҶһƵĵͺ֮ľΪȻܿ죬ӵԴʮͽ׵ľΪ
ʩչȴûʩչͨҪһԣƾɲƵԼµؿ
˫ȭ͵سǰʯҹȥͿһʵ֮ȭ缲籩ʵʯ֮ϡ
ɶߣһɶʯϣҶɿʴ˰󷨡໤ѰԴʮڸͽֺʯš
ҶвУ
䡭
һĺʯžһζҶɱչ֮С˲ɵ͵վ
Ҫƹضˣ
֮£ʯżζ˼£Ծ
Ǻǣʮʱ䣬ҶôƹضħǺЦҶ缼ʯ֣ǻרɡ
ҶħҲһ˭֪ǶǬķճ̶ȣһڴ׵һǶǬĲʲôܣ㲻ãⶴǬ׵Σգ
ҲǺЦҪ֪ҲֵһЩԳ˫˫еܡץһʱ䣬һЩŵֻùٶٷ֮һǺõġȵ̽صĶǬʱ㲻ô߾ܱסԼ
ǣûȴȵ֮
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ħͷЩԡһκʯԾû˿ˡûȻû
ȸղŻζþЩСƵ˵ѵҪƹضˣ
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Сһ޹ϡģ˶Ц
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䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
һһһƵĺ֮ٴ
ǵİɣѵҪƹأСɵõɴ۾
ҶɰԼʯ֮󣬻˳ֺһȷϣѰԴʮǿߣƵĵʯš
ԣҶˣҶɱչǧ׼ʵʱҲ㳤˵ԴǿˣСС˾ڵǿߣǱչǧ꣬Ѱúܡ
ˣұͦͬС˵ǿҶҲĥԴʮ߰˲ֶΣƹػԶءǣڿҶɼĺʯţֶʼ
һΣҶɻûƹضȻһѾͨǣȴһ⡣
籬ʱˡҶεҡҡͷ
ԭ⾳籬ʱͲ㳤άԴʮĻҲֲֻܼʮʱʱ䡣ڣҶɾȻ֣ͨһʩչԼľʱȻɲǵʱ䣡
ͨãӵƹضǣֻɲǵʱ䣬Ժǰ󷨡
Ҷɿʦڣ󷨣ȫӵһָǵκ֮УҶڶ̶ɲǵʱͺ˳ʮ󷨡ǣҶɾ֮ʮ󷨾ȫһָ˻
ѵҪһʱ䣿
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ѾкܳʱˣҶûܽӴ⡣ҵĻ⣬ȫǿԼݳ
ۼţݻٶѾԽԽзȴѾԴʮһ㡣˾޴Ĳ죬ؽδ鷳
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סϲҶһβ
һβǰʮ겢ͬһҶǰʮԺ󣬷źʯšһΣһ˼һߺʱʱģһ˵Ⱦͻ¡֮ʯŻζһ
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ԭҶΪһλץסǿ⾳ο϶ܹɹǣҶû뵽ǣովҪǿ⾳ʱ⾳Ȼʧˣ
Ҫ֪ʩչͨͺжϽľ󡣾α仯ȫйɿѭ֮дʲôԿܣ⽫Ϳͨվı仯ɣȻϸϸãա
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Գ˫˫УһҶδľϢ
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ӳ˫˫֮УҶɵ֪칬ڵ֪칬ϵڶࡣ֪üϵʵ˫ȵԵף
ͨ˫˫䣬Ҷ˽⵽࣬˫ƣһܹͥȫǣĳս֪ˣӴĵ缸ȫƿ֮С֪ˣЩνһѾгһ뵹˫һߣ
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ӵתƿȥҶɼԼĵĳ嶯֪ڸоȫͨʱ
ǿжסǿȥ嶯Ҷɽһʮ߸ͨȫƳȥзĳһֻһʽͨרоһʽͨ

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ͺͬΪһƷɵҲһклһȻͬΪԴʮֶΣǣȥһʽһʽȫͬն
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ΪѰ𣿾ʦԴνԴ⣬ʵҲʦһָ⣡
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Ҫڴĵ·ԽԽԶôԺ˭ˡһʮͨҶִһԼķ

ʱ䣬ʯҲûзκκ֮
Сܻãһ
һʱ󣬲żչչصЧɲð
չ֮ŷôֻΪұȣʹԼҪߵĲ㼶һŻšһɳ족⡣
һ뿴һ˱չ֪ʱ䣬֪ԼѾʲô̶ȡȻǰǿʯţһӾͰԭԼܺʯŸ÷飬ӿǿҺ飿
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УʲôȲҵӣֲҵʦǲ͸˳ԵҪǾô̵ôСȥˣ
СмתȥоԼӦоĶǲ֪ôģֽͷתת۽ǵ⳯ʯſ˹ȥ
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ԷǴ󿪣Ϊ֮б˵Щ棬Щен䡣
ǿǧ棬ÿһжӵռλ棬Էʲô羰ûмʶ
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ãҶɰ˰֣סԷɣǶǱȥԼȥҹȾۼء
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ҲǵԼǿߣ˵ıӻ档һ죬ǿ϶ԵɣȥȥԼ
ֻǾãΪʲôҪֿأǶǬ϶СҼһȫѰһطЧʲŻߡ
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Ҳ̫˼˵㣬ƺȫûκɡܲ˵ΪŨǵܴŨһߣʹںܶƵĸضɡ
ȫɴ۾뿴Ҷɣд˻ɡֻǸҶѹ֮УЩһֱѩ鿴ܵĳ˫˫¶һ˿˼顣
Ȼ籩ȴôǿ˫˫ֻҪᣬַ죡
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ҶɵıȴʮƽǺЦֻг˫˫³ҵ뷨˫˫˵˵
˫˫΢΢һӦǣˣ
ԭͲ룬δޣԼδŵĹȣܹܿͬʲôܡ֮Ҫ̽ǶǬһΪһЩȣ׳˵սһ棬ҲΪ̽ѰڶǬеܡ
ûܣ˱ֻǲ롣ڣδεޡȶʹˣڻпܴڼ֮󷨡֤Щޡȷʵʲôܣ
˫˫˵ô࣬˻úܺͿѩƵʵǣָۼغܶʲôϵ
Ҷɲ²⡣Էҵĸضֻ޾ۼأеġҪ֪ԷӵԴʮľΪңǻһЩҶⴴ̽ѰͨǸضȵĻ϶ʹڴۻ֮ءһԷô˷ܵģǸض죿
ǣ˫˫˵ô࣬ȴûһ仰ţ˵ۼ֮غܶζЩޡıʲô޴ܡָۼʲôϵ
˫˫Цѩ㣬ҪԴԲǿߣһȺδޡȱʲôܣ
Ȼ˵ѩԶûҶɡ˫˫ǣҲɵӡ˫˫Ѿ˵ݶˣǲܻס
ֲܷľۼУѩ˫΢΢⡣
ǰ㲻ãֻǸɢĴͷ󣡡˫˫˵ңҾͰѴռ֮صķɢֻͬһʱ䣬ȫͷ걸ġ˽ȥ
͸˫Ȳ²ģ֮ĵһ
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Ϊˣ˫ȲŻ˴ʱ䣬߻һսҪͥСΪ룬Щרע׷ԴǿǣôںʲôСôȥ׷ʲôΨҶ𡱣
Щǰǰȫͷ飬ҶǴⷽ
Ҷ΢΢Ц벻ǣҪ̽һСǶȥ̽Ǹ޾ۼأȥǲǴںܶɢľۼأ˳ץЩȰ
Ȼ˵ҶڵսԽԽǿǣȴûжԯʿͶҶɣǣ̻᲻ƣҶɵæҶɻҪڿܱ֮ͥսбԼĸӣΪĿ꣬ҶҪԼ
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ҶǶһˣ϶òͽִս֮ȥǣ֮һ칬ˡܲȰ칬ĴλܣԼ˼ȥɡ
˵Ļɽ䵭ˡܹ֤첢ûаػġôҶôʦڲˣֲҲТ飬Ҷɸ
ϸһ˫˫սԼĿռλһ˵ȣһνɽ֮С
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ԡڤȴǰʦҲǲ㰡ֻ֣
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˵ĻҶƹضԽԽã˵ȫûԼܹӰ졢ı˵Ǳʡ
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⻹֮ͥУһη֮йصĶɫƬҶɵ˼άתţŵģǹ֮ǿߺᡣôЩߣͼǿߣ
Ҳȫǿߡ٣ٽӴģùĵзǿǣ֮򣬵֮ôܿף㱻ǿȡ˻Σ½ˣҲּܲܰ䶼ˡ
̵ֻͣ˼άѣɥʧЩؼ䡣ֻ˵깥֮ǿܶ࣬жǿߴڣ
Ҳ˵ʵ쳣ǿǿߣǿҲ֮ͥУ
ǣΪʲôͥеȴ֮ĵ⣿ǿʯȥӦΪʲôҲо
Ϊо֮ҶҲ۳֮ʯҪ֪ʯͥеͨûңǿĸƷʯܸӦʯеԭʼ⾳
ܲᣬԭʼ⾳޷ʯ׷٣Ҷɰ˼
Ҷʹˡ˭ʮֿ϶ͥκһط׷ԭʼ⾳ͥķ򣬵ЩͥԶŴƶǿ˵顣
ڣҶɾȻֵطȻ֮챦ƬҶɲɵЩɡ
һԡ
һµʯܿ˳ҶڵȫĻ˲Ϣ֮䡣ͿԵõһʯ
ʯУĬĬתĹ
ûκθӦ
էȥǲܷ飡
Щߴ֮ͥ⣬ߡȻǵĺȻǵĺǻﷱϢҼôЩǿ϶ɢ֮ǣΪʲôʯ޷Ӧ
Ҷһ˸ղǸ⡣
˵ȷʵ޷ʯ׷ٵԭʼ⾳ߡͥиݲԭʼ⾳
ɢҴͥ⾳Ϣνԭʼ⾳棬ǿǶЩϢȱľ⡣ʯȥ׷Щԭʼ⾳Щ㼶µǿǳֶ֮һЩոսͥ粻ߣûнĳǿߣǻ᳤µʯȥѰԼ޵ԭʼ⾳
ԭҶҲҪȥѰ֮ԭʼ⾳ζҲ֪ˡԭ֮ͥУԼͲ취ҵԭʼ⾳
£ݲԭʼ⾳ĿԾӶࡣпܣЩͥԶŴǣǿʱС
ƶûУҲֹǿǲ֪֮ˣܹӮ֮ಫͺñ٣Ϊ֮ͱҸŻ𣿡
˵ܿܵͥеķǲų֮ĵϢġпܣǿ͵͵ɹ֮ͱ˴˵һֶֺΣ
Խ㣬ҶɾԽǾü
ı㣬뵽ˣҲõֻʦˮ׼Ĵڣǿпõ
ֻǿпܶѡ
쵷ĳ澳Դ棬ŲһķЩȻԴ
ǣܲڵ˵ĴӪһ͵͵˵ķҶɲ֪ʦܲõҶɸӲ֪ʦˣʦܲõ޷֣ԼȻŪһ
Ҫⷨ򣬻Ҫ򡣲֪ͨС֮ܲһ㣿
ģҶɾͳԼǼ챦ȥڣԼĻֻͨԼϢδԼӦôϢǿͨ
ߣǿֻв֮󣬲ܴǿ򣡡
һʯһǿɫƬҶ鼤
ǿҲһͥĵطһЩǿߣͥĵطЩطǺöԴԲѰҵĵطЩԴԲǿֻҪܹҵЩطпܰΪһ壬ﵽľ磡
֪Զʱڣûһ㣿
Ҷµ˼(δ)
psǰһµıŴˣӰĶ
ȫѾչ󣬻ʮִžܸ1631.
ֻǲ룬ҲûжôҶʮȥѰҸ֤ݣҪ顣
˼һ֮Ҷɾٴ̤ռʯó̡ģռʯϳֲ˶ȻֲﻹǶȫѾ˺üʱ䡣
ŲϵǰϵռʯҲ𽥱û죬ҶɾͿһܹվ߰ʮ˵Ĵƽ̨
滹к㣬ЩݸȻҲˣʱֻһʱ䣡
ϸƽ̨ϵִҶɵ¶һ˿ϲɫʡ
մѰȥ᲻ỹڻŵ飿
ܻŵֲﻹǶҶڶе̶ȣܴЩϷָϸģйǸڣпһ˿Ǹδ顣
ϢԽ֤࣬ݾͻԽࡣѾ²˺ܶ࣬˺ܶҶ˵ÿһϢһƽ̨ЩʯƮķȥ
죬Ҳûôƽ̨ǣЩСʯϵżʱȴԽԽ̡ҶɵĸˣԷųǧΧ
ֹʶԣһųôиʲôʣпܾͻʧȥĳЩƿءЩʧķܹõĴпܵԼǡµ塣ȥıżǿҵģĳӸо
Ϊˣô֮̽УҶһûͷųڣѾ˷ֻĿܡǣԸðշųҲԸ©Щڵʯ顣
һ֮󡭡
һ򾣡
򲻸ˣڼ߶֮󣬴ΧһҶɴһ򾡣
ͼռλоʹڵһþǸ״ͥҲ򾣬㼶ԴʮҡҶɵľˮ׼ȥûйעôͼڣȴ쳣ϲ
򾱻ĵȷȷһ֮
Ҳ֮ʩչģǧУһΪ֮
ǣ֮ʩչа⾳ȴͬǴʱҶɾѾʼоеĲ𡣵ڡǽֲоʮֽӽԴĸ߶ȣ
ȷеĸоҲǻĸоһֺܴġָⲻ⾳һΪӣҾܸõȥ֮ıص㣡
⻹ֻһһϵܹѧϰڳԽԴʮ˲ֻҶɵоĺô
򾣬Ҷָ֪ǿ϶롣Ȼڷ֮ǰԼûзκλŵĶ˵Щ֮ˣЩǿߵĴǣ϶ڸԶĵطпܣȫţ
ȻʩչôЩλ䷨ͶЩ֮ơȻЩܹ֮ƺĴͷôҲܿѾڸ֮佨˴ͷ󣡡
ûܼʱǴͷߣҲӦûʲô󷨱ԼвûʲôΣմڣֻҪٴʱ֣֮ͿдǰУѰµľۼ֮أ
仰˵пܣܿͻҴߣܿпˣ
ЩҶɣʱȴûмǰˡȻ֪ǰпܴǿߣôпܱս
࣬ı졣Щ棬ʱʱĻڵδ֮ҵǿǣܻ߲ܿĵ⡣αװǿߵģŸ׵һЩ
ҶɼǿߣòһҶҲ֮Լĵ⾳αװҲûκ⡣
Ψһ鷳ǣҶɲʩչģԴ֮
ʱλ˾ǿߴҶһд֮򡣵Ҷɶʩչ޾ڰһִǣЩĲ㼶̫˵㡣Ҷɸǿ֮µоѾĵ⾳Ǵ֮
ȻЩǿҲпܴں⾳ͨǣ㣬ǶСΪáҲǰݼװͨȻȥѰЩǿߣ
Ҷɰţǧջãã֮Уϥ(δ1632.ᣬңϣ
֮еҶɲǾֹıȻȻģЩʯ˶ķٶȴ±һ¡ǿӭײµڡ
δߵҴߣʱӦûڽԴɡЩûߵǿߣӦЩУ
ҶƵú׼µʱ䣬ݳִ֮ǰнʱ䣬ͷһܴʯ顣
ʯ沼صĻƣ˹ڴˣ϶ῴһͷˮɶҶ˵ȴʮС
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Ǻǣû뵽Ҹոմ׻֮ȻŽ֮
һǻһȴ󷨣֮侹Ȼڰ˳ϵ֮ͬʮֺ顣Ҷɾ;ãڤڤ֮УԼҵƺԤʾţԼܹ⿪һڸľ޴š
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Ҷɲ֪ԣԣһô֮ᣬֻоߣܴ֮УҶɻк塣
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ӦٶȺܿ죬Ǿ˵ٴһԼǿߡ
ӦٶȺǾͿζǿ߾綼Ƚϲ⾳˼
ɴͲӦǾͿζţǿ߽䱸ǿ˵һƬ棬ǿǺܿҲǹĶǣ޶ࡣ
ȫû˴ڣܵ顣ΪôһӵĶʱҶʮĸоһ󷨳Щ΢䶯󷨣ôǡþͳ˱仯
һӡ˳
ļǿߣԡͥһ
ǣҶ֪ԼļǿߣŪˣ˵һװᣬֱӴȥˡ
ԴʮСһҲҺҵҶһһ̤󷨡
ʱǰ䡣Ϳһشػ潫ҶΧʱп
ǰӦܹóǿɱԴʮڵ׻һǰΪУֻҪǰݡһȻˮأ黶ӭ
Ҷüë΢΢һЦ׻𣬺ҳݣ𣿲塣Ͻӭ
֮ЩŭˣһʨѾû˵ǰ䶼˵ǻҵĵˡߡȻˣǰԶҪٳȥ
˵֮䣬ΧҶɵ׻ࡣԾûǼҶɵߣγһµķ
ҵЩֶΡ
ҶɰԵ˵ͷҲԣŲǰһ̤
һ̤ǺεȾΧҶ׻Ϊһ̤Ȼ֮ͻײǲٿ󷨵Ļʨɫ䣬Ͻ֮ŪƳ
ʱ䣬ҶɾͷԼִһƬµĿռ֮Сԭ׻ʧȡ֮ģһͷͷĿޡ
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Ҷ޷ڵֻܶô֮ҲԴʮĴˡ󷨣֮ɣõ󷨰
ҶɸȤǣԼԴ֮ѧһЩ
ֶλ̫˵㣬Ҫɹαװȥֶζƣ
ǰ׻֮˵Ҳ֮󣬿ɱҶԴ׻֮ǲࡣԣҶûʲôȤ󷨶
һε֮󣬻ûǿޣֶҶɴδ뵽ġףҶɾٴͨ
ǻʨ֪ЩҶԭزϾ¶ɭɭЦȻԸȲ㼶Ĵڣǵö֮У
Цţʨʹʹڵ޷ʱվԵһλŮӽ˵ʨ壬ۼЩж֪֮󰡡ǳô˴󵨵Ĵ
裬˵ЩǣҪ֪Ǽ֮⣬Щר֮ΪĴڡЩǿǣɲһ֪һѹ׵ֶΣ
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ת֮䣬ҶɾѾ֮ɱʮʱ䡣˵ɱЩûѶȲ󡣿ǣҪ벻ñֶȴû
ԽԽǻʨ޷󷨵ȫӳΪ󷨽ֻһƷ󷨻Ҹûʸգ
ҶǺεóľݼ㣬ʮʱȻûȫ󷨵İǣȴѾ³ˣ󷨸ܷӳ
ҶɿҪȫĻôԼֻô֮¾͵ֵסˡǣⲼ֮ȴֻǸӣҶõ
ʨ֪ЩҶֻһԴʮǿߡҶܹ֮ʮֻΪҶʽ̫ͨǿˡ
裬Ƽûʽͨһʽʽ϶ڴ֮֡Щ֮ΪǿǣǿͨһҼҵķϴЩ壡ʨ׻׻裬ǻҵšǡ̫˵㣬Ҳ̫˵㡣Ǩ㵽ʮȥһҪСģʮҵö࣡
ʨ塣֪ˡ˵ͷ˵ǡһǾô˲ǵˡʨѵûз֣ȥƺвСءǻˣΪʲôϽƫƫҪ֮жȦ棿
ߣΪɵʨмƲƲ죬ɵʨöˣʮʱҾ˶ʮԳߵɵˣ
辪ȵգգ۾ʵΪʲôôɵˣ
Ϊ͵ѧǿͨʨЦ裬ΪһʽͨǴģд󱳾ɽǿߣпǿ֮£ҪǿҲȥЩŴ󻧵ıǻ֣ҶܵǿߵС壬Щд󱳾ɽǿܹۣ
˫ȵĴ۾ɵø󣺡ѧԷͨЩ˶дǻ۵Ĵڰô˵ɵ
ĴǻۣʨЦҪбսͱǰʮȥ
˶٣ʨ˵裬һҪŬҪܹǰʮǻҾҲõʲôˡÿҪһľʵҲ뾭ˣ
˵˵ţǻʨͲɵûĿᡣ
Ҫ֪ûжף˵ÿһ֮ʱЩǿĴڻüȥͷЩССļ壬ܡ
Щ뱾ҽϽ˻ϣӽ̫Զģֻĵ䡣
һ㣬ҳɹӽֻв֮һǧ˶ѡʣ֮ĵˣ󲿷ֶ֮ˣֻм˺˵ĶѼУʲôط⼸ɢɢֻвʮҴߣ
ңξĻʨʮֻѵĿʼѵĵһѵĵڶЩ˲ǻЩеǿǰȥū
е˶ˣڿԴŵתˣ󻹻ܵһĸѹ衣ʨǵʮԼʮ꣬ҾͲΪĳѹʧʷ֮С
ЩĻ֪ģһξ㣬ҲһĿ˴䡣͹µˣѵбӿµĴڣ
裬Ҫμסӿµģ
˻ʨһ֮󣬻費ɵɫס֪ն񣬱κ㶼Ҫ£
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أʨֵǰζ˼£ͺҲվȵ
Ͻס˻ʨ˵᲻Ѿˣ
ᣡʨݺݵҡҡͷûκѲѾ֮󣿾ҽǰʮģЩеţҲ
ȻֻǷ֮󣬿ǣ⾳֮䣬ҲѰǿܹסʨԼǻ˳ʮʱ䣬ŶβáٿЩ󷨡ôŵĴڣôʮʱַ󷨵İ֮
ʨ˵ҲûдҶôҲֻǴ󷨵İѡ󷨸ȻֶΣ뻹úԶ
ʱ˿̣ҶֻǶǼǿ챦֮ĵ(δ1633.ᣬң£
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ڹȥΪӰʨҶɶٻʩչͨڣֻǼ򵥵ĺȻȻʲô鶼ˣȻ˲ǻʨʱƣԿƵľҲ
ȣʨͷԻȽ侲³ҶɿǶʲô챦еĳǣһһģ󷨣ʹЩûǿޣ󷨿ռڵÿһ䶼ϸϸĺɱ飬ãˣҡˣ֪ˡ
ʱȥһʮ죬ڣʨһССǿ߶Ӧ÷Ĵ󡪡
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󷨣˭˺ǣζţЩɶĵֱܹ롣Ϊ
Щ˵ײУǻʨʮǰ׿ڸ߻衣󷨵Ҫԣǻʨһһϸ̡ûʨĻ˵Ǿǣȼյ壬¸ҲһҪ󷨵ȫ
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󷨣𣿡
һİڻĶȻ𡣻辪ֻͷȻһӾվھԼԶĵط
㣬㡣ʲôʱģ˼˫ȭգȴ־ȫޡ
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ΪΪʲôûʾãԼͷڴܡȻãԼҪ˵ˡ
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ҶɵĿ⣬ʨȥʱ跽ŷ֣ʨϵ̣Ѿױ
Ȼֱڲſʼ̵ļ̣ʮϢ֮ǰ̾Ѿʼ
ôܣ
ţܿ죬ͿһӲ˼顣

һΣǻʨľڱ
ϵľݸ磬æҵͳһѵ鵤ҩҪʨ͡
ûõģҪ˷ˡҶɵٴ𣬡ĸѻ٣ֻͷ
ʱһöɵѾ͵˻ʨߣȴ޷ǰȥ
ҶɵҲûвκܡǣ;ãԼȫ޷Լ뷨ȥ
ʲôֶΣ
Ͼᣬ١֪ҶϢģѾӰ쵽Լ֪ӰԼģԼڣҶֻƶһ¶ѡ
ʱҶɵֶΣͺñ˳ȥƶһѾеúܿ촬趯ö⴬ĳ޵Ԩжȥ
մ˷չȥҲҪʨĺ󳾡Ҷ˵͵շ˻ҵļԼŵĴڡȻԼһݣһ˾ԲҺ˵˵ݡ
ǣȻҶӰݻԽԽǿˣȴ񡣾ǻֺȻסζû취ǰʱ򣬻ʨȻڵأͷ
ԭħɽǰʨǰŹɣʨԸţʨԸл
˵ţʨӿռλóһöɫĴָϥмĵ
һʨ壬ܸԲܸ
˵ţ˻ʨǰӲĶҶ˵ҿǰŮūǰŪǣǰԲܴӻ
ֻô仰ȻͰ˱ơˮ׼ҲȻǿ˼֡
ⲻ֮ԣǿҶɴʲôáҶЩĿ˿裬ʶöɫĽָѲһǺЦԭȫ֮󡣡
ʱʨľѾ䵽ԴʮŲ㡣˫˫һδȫݻ٣ҶҲûжݻͨԣ֮Ͳټȥ
Ȼšʱж̡ľΪֻԴʮѡԣȻ˻ʨǰ档ǣʨһѾͽߡ
СӺǰЦˡϹʮ֮һ֮ȫԵ漣ʨԸһǰˡð֮
ò˵ЩҶĶǣҶҪȴ
ҲħɽģҲҪ֮ķΪҾĹǡЦЦҶɼ˵ֻҪǷΪ㻤ңǨǰʮҲûʲô⡣
ʱʨͻɫͱЩ԰סǶţ治ҪΪ֮ʲôʲô֮ȫҲܱס
ȴû룬ҪҶ˻ҵı׾ٵ飿ǰЩ֮סҶɣԴʮ㶼ǿߡô赲ҶɵӶ᣿
ʱ˿̣ʨݻٲ٣˼άѾǻҡȻøԭľϵ͡ǷȱԣҲû뵽һ㡣ҶɾȻһҪǿ
ʲôŻȥǰʮǰѻǰʮɡӣ轿һͼǰһ
ٻ꣡
⾹Ȼһģֱӹķ
һԽԼλķҶɲɵðѹֻʨƴҲҪס裬û뵽ЩʦƳɵ
Ҫ֪ռλǱһִڡӿռλ赲ֱӹǿߵ꣬϶Ϊ˫̫֮ƾһͿԽǿֶΣٿܷ
ԯʿܹǷķʦǣݴżһķǣԯʿúܴĴڣûۼַ
ҶΪ˵ķԲűĲõĴѪꡣҲûԽչɱ˫˫ֶΡ
ѪҶɿռɱ¾֮˺üµʱ䣬ųɹɡǣȴֻɻһ;ѾҶɵֶࡣ
ֻϧ
̫ˡҶҡҡͷѹûжκͨһոմܽҶɵλУͱҶɻλеѪһ̵
٣һһķƾջңĴһ״챦
ԭҶɾҪֱӰѻˡ˵ĿΪǿƻһ޷ɵݣûȤֵͽǿ߶ȥǣǴʱʱ
~~~
һƵǻ軭ķȻڱ
Ҳ̫˰ɡҶɺǲģһȭ»ķȻӵԽսҶλȴҲܲҶһȭ֮
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ʱ˿̣ɫȻɷɷס̣ԼķʮֿŵıڱǸĵԼķ֮УŽһԲ
ǣҶһȭͽ飡
ǡҶƺɵľͿеĶߣ
һܵصĴһΣҶƲҶʩչʲôݻֶΣѾҡҡ׹
ʨɫ䣬ովĥѣܹ輴󳾣
Ҳʱ򣬻ʨ͵顣Խת֪ҶҪԼͻΪĵȷȷ̰ͼҵıĵȷȷҪѻҵҴǰʮȥ
ʨ޲øԼһƣô򵥵ĵԼΪʲôղû뵽
ǰȻһΣԸȫǿ߶Լı飡
飿ҶɰԵ˵ͷ
ʣҶ˵ѩ˵ġѩӴеǿߡ
ǿ߻޳һ飬飬͵ǽԼƿرǿߣܹʱȡЩǿߵڡпܵЩǿ
ҶֻŶѣûۼ顣ҶԼҲ֮һЩ֮ǣȴûʲô顣
ҶҲ»ʨڡʨ£Ҷɲųֱ˱ԼĻūһƿػūƿֶΡһԼֶ֮Ϊ
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뷽滹ûжƣҶһ£ƾǿ߷ͥ򣬶ԼصǴȥҲͬԳȡǵ
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ݻʨ˵ôǿĴڣҲֻȡʮ顣ңɾڵǿߣ޷ȡԣܽþǿս
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ⷽ棬Ϊɽ󴫳УҲ赣ʲôˡ˻ᣬڱչһᲢ۵ĸ߶ȡ
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ϰֳ棬Ȼû¹򣬿ԼĽ˵ȻбЩ¹
ԥǣֻ뵽һܲĿԡģԼһ˵ԼͻᱻЩǳЦ
ڻ迴Լ˳ЦνҪҶɱ˳ЦԲСһɲȻˣڵЩǣ֪ҶǼڡ
ҶɺǺЦ裬󵨵˵˵Ҳûϵ
趨˶ȻһЦӦʦˣ
վף⼸λڵϵĳϣ٩٩̸ҾãֻΪղأǳ϶ͬ¼ҵĸӹ棬Ȼթ
˵թթ
ǼϺǲǣҶšҲߴߴղҶһⱲӶõˡ
΢΢Цţ˵ΪղأΪʲôأʲôرĵطҪ֮ܽ롣Ѱ˱ҵĺöȥѰͦѰһ顣
ֻߣǳҪ֮󣬶ǳĶͷҪ˻ȥǶͷҲҲ֮
ȻҲпȥħɽĴʼоβܻصȥʱʱĸ֮ս֮⣬ЩǳµרעоȥķʮϾϹʱġʲô
Ҷû˵ʱ򣬻ֻ뵽һֿԡ˵˵ţֶһЩ
Ҷɺĵ˵ͷȵûУһ޴áȲһ󱲣
ǼλȻܲǰţЩǲ²ˡ²ܵ棿ǿҲǸᣬƴҲҪݺݵƴһѡ
ǵ뷨ֱͺǶдһǻʨЩû޹ʲô֮ǿߣҲʮס
ҶȻøȵǲ֪𔩣ѵǵҶôͣŻ˵һࣿ
𔩻û˵
𔩵ͷҿҶɣֻ˵ţѾȫˣ𔩾û˵ٻ
ǣû˵ٻҶûߵǣô˵˵Ȼǳϸĳ룬Ϊʲô㲻ϽѶϢߴҡȴߥųڣҵϮǻң
⣬ǳ·ߥ޵ģûйϵǿʴȣҲԭӦңǱǳ·һ˵ͬ·ͱһ
ĺҶЦʵȻˣôٴʮϻģ߸һʧܣǳô֪̾ߵϢı⣿
©ĵ˱ѶȻı⣬ҿӱ޵ĸϻˡ
ЦǿЦҶЦȻ˿ѶϢݹȥΪʲôͲѶ˼ȴݻǧҪϻ㻹ϵҰ㵽ǻѶģϲĶʲôΪ
ҶɵԴǺεȵķǼλԭ롱ǵĶ˷ܵĳǣҲһĿ¶˼ʡ
𔩼׵ĻᣬҶն˵˵ȴȱ񻹴˷ܡ˿Ц֮£ȻҲţ
˻֮⣬˶ӾͺҪըһͷʹѡ
ӣʨڵˣʾ£Ӧô죿
ô죿ҶЦҷȰˣȻȥʮҵҪҳǲǳͷۣ
ˣǵˣ֮ǰҶɻԭԭģǳ򴫹ȥһλ˴ϻ֮⣬ҾֻҶ֪⻰ݡһߣͳ·λ֮ɫ࣡
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һҪǼһʬΣ
ֻеܱ˸ҴŻַŭԶԣ·͵ԵñȽ侲
ˣûȸĲ³˸飬ڹ̽ǣ
˲侲˼ǣǼһϼ޻̽ǵķӦͣҪжϴҵĵǿܾͻᷴӦˡ
ֻҪʮЩ˷ӦΣ·ͺǺЦԭֻƼͷӣţΪã˿Ǻ鸣찡
˶٣·˵ıֶһ꣬һֻҪʮ²ܰǸڸˣǸϼһֶ˵ãŸСļ嵱Ҳעڴ˵£
Цղŵһɨա
ͳ·ûкú룬ΪʲôҶȴҪȥʮȥԶһЩĵطԶһЩĵطСļһЩϢĻᣬǸã֪𣡣
ȻѾˡֻȴãҶɿ϶̫дˣ̫ͷˣԲŻԣһеĲãǳŻҵĵ
ҵǿǵȻҲǹ⣬ʨǼλҲһҶɣЩסǰʮļһǿĴǵġǣΪҶɵһŭ⣬ΪҶеնɱ˻𔩡Щѣֻĵ裬ûȥ˵ˡ
õǵû˵跴Ҷһ𡭡㡣(δ1636.֤
£ͷñһƬС֮ϣʱҶɻǸ̡
Ĵʦҽһ£µֽ̫㣬ԸϹĿǸССƯҶƽ͵ģǸ»˳
ѩ֮󣬾ͿЦʦҪ֮ûңһЩնɱ
Ҷɻ˵ͷλҪȵʲôʱ򣿻նɱʹ죡
ƽͣɫƽǣ;ãԼкݺݵĻȥƵã͵һۡ
ֻǣֻ˲֮һɲǵʱ䡣ǲ⣬ϸ룬ϲɵ¶һ˿ݡ
ʦ죬ʨͼλϾܵӰ죿
ԲҶɵϣ¶һ˿΢ЦȻдǰɻʨ뼸λֲСôһӾ˷̶ֳܵȣ߳һƢ꣬Ըִ֡ԭǵ˺֮£ôܺȻЩʣΨħܴ֮ﵽЧ𔩻صϣһֹƻĵħ֮䣡
˵ͷ⼸ʦ֮ҪҪǽ̫ҪĨɱеֹƻĵħ֮ʦ
ݵĿҶɣ˸żĹâ;ãԼͿҪѹƲסԼĸˡȻʮԼûȥ׷ݸ顭
ҶûȥĻС˼˵Щνħɽø壬ڵǳս飬Ҫ׷Ŀꡣ
Ҷɳ˵Ҳûãұ㣡Ҫȫ͸Ѷʵ̫㵹ԵҸոչһΣпӡǡȥвһɣΪʦĵһʽͨ
ϲǡ
ǷĴʩչһʽͨ㼶ˮ׼Ȼﵽ˺ܸߵˮ׼ԼܹаԼ͵ڿһͨڵ
ǣ˵㼶֮ߵͨԼ˵µǿܲ׵ԼҪʣͿȥٵģǰʮʸˣﻹҪڻĬĬ
ҶɣȴûԼʡҧҧӦлʦͽȥءĿģ
ҪҶ΢ЦŰ˰֣˵򡣡

ƬСۣٿܵĺɽɫ費ɵôסˡ

𔩴ʮϻֻҵʱ䡣Ϊһˣûκθ
ҼǨʮȥǾͲһ׵ˡ
ȡҪ£ЩɢˡⲻֻΪͬͬԵʣΪ˸ˣҾκһˣȫ˵
ǣȻɢ١ʱ½ƬȻ˷ȥǾɢʧ˺ܹķΧ֮ڣѰ鷳
Ȼ⻹˷ʱġϾҪɢˡҴҲһҪҡȫش󼸴Σϼµʱ䣬ɢ˾һˡ
˷ʱǣýʮ׼
ʮͺܻңŻﶼǳʮֽ˸ңҪ׼ǰʮƢĻ߳ϣҲҡͷ̾Ϣ
໨Щʱ䵹ûϵҪǣǵҪ׼ʲô̶ȲУüͷţ˵ҪȥȰڣûȰҪٴڵҪЩ׼Ȼչˡ
ĳʮ˵ʲôչͽܣԸͽ˸ڣͽΪѰɡ
˵ûСϱչģи紵ݶ߻ħô죿峤Ҳ͡
ʮλϣ屻ˣλʱ䡣ʣλϣĸ֮⣬һλʮϣѾȥλ˻ؼҡλһ𳯻ʨȥҪûʨø⡣
ʨЦλϣǿʲôô˵ĺ˻Ѿͷ֮⣬˭ȥڻûչǼٵģҲȥڰҿжͣ;ܵ׼ɣͲҪȥˡ
λҲ޿κεҡҡͷֻµõҡͷΪҶɹڳʱ򣬻ϣ¶һ˿ϲЦݡ

ͻˣ
һʽͨûŵǡԼľΪȴͻһ㼶
ѵʦʵ⣬ΪԴΪѹԴΪҵľ粻ͻ𣿡
ΪԼڸҶɵʵ⣬ǣµóҶɵЩʲô
ǸĵͣҶɵעƺȫһƬȥʵϡҶɵʶ֮Уȴǳǳ΢
ƺǱһ㣡
ϲģԼΪͻơҶɸ˵ģȴǻǱʣƺһ㡣
ֻϧҵʵ绹ߣûҪٶһЩȷʵ
ҶҪȷʲôʵǵ˵ġҶɿߵͬʸıʵ
ԭֻµĲ룬ԭҶڼʶĻ壬֪˲֮ԴԴҪ֮ͬ󡣾Ѿ񶨵˵µĲ롣
ڣֱҶ¼¿ʼо
ʵҲ̸ʲôоȥҶɿȥĥ⡣ʱľΪ̫˵㣬Ϳ翵ǱʡԣȥоھǺյ롣ûʲô֤ƾ
һΣҶȴоˡµõʨЩµõҶ֮ԻѻԼߣ֮ԻûôʼΪо⣡
оԴʮ˲ֶΣǰпܻĲȣ߻ħ
һƬ޷ı֮ϣ˷֮أҲпл֣̿߻ħ
˵ҿԾһһк֢ǣҪ÷ֶ֮Ρûȸ֪ܲµõ
չǾ˵Ǳʿ϶⻹ֻò֮дҾ֪ǲӵиıǱʵ
С⣬Ҷκ⡣֮ɺչʸһħɽҲŪס
ָ⻹УһҪҵĸ⡣пܣӰǱʵԴһȫµĸ⣡
۽ǵ⣬һɨȥǸһݣʨ뼸λǼ¡
ҹⲻǳ¶裬ΪǶ֮ͣһʱ䡣ֻҪиʱ䣬ǲӵͿ֪
ҶԼûз֣ԭ̬ƽ͵ԼѾһ֣ȿ֪״̬֮СûвԼͺǻ裬ͺʨͺǼλһԼϣԼΧ飬޲֪
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ħɽϡ
֤ʲôĵ
һλͷݲϵǿߣƷһ̾
û˻ӦΪܱ߸û˴ڡᶼ֪ħɽĿ£ħɽǿ߶֪λߵĿ¡
λµǿ߻۾һңԶĵطȥǸطһһƬۣˡ
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Ժ󣬻ѾһɢҴˡ
󣬻Ҳϲķ֡ԼȻɹԴʮ߲㣡
찡찡ʦĽԴʮ߲𣿡
Ҷ΢Цͷ
찡찡ʱ䣬㡣ʦⲻʲôɡ
ҶɺǺЦΪʦٶȣ⻹Ҫ졣
˷ܵͨ죺Ҳ˵ò˶ʱ䡣ҾܳΪԴʮ㡢ʮ㡢ʮǿ߿ʦ
⺢ӣ˵ʲôɵҶɹЦֻǱ㹻ǿǿߣܾԽߣٶȷԽ졣ڵǱʣԴʮ㣬ٶȾͻȽ͡Դʮ㣬ͻԽƿ
辪ĵɴ۾ʦǱʶܿó
кѣֻҪԽԴʮ˲ǿߣʵǿߵǱʡԽߣþԽ
ԽԴʮ˲㣿
;ãԼʲôݺݻһ˶ʱɵˡ
ҶɳΪʱлǿһ²ҶɵʵΪ
Ҷɾôˣ²ʱ򡣻лǿ߾Ͷ֪ҶɾǿȥֻһԴʮǿ߶ѡ
Щǿ߶ֻΪҶǸԴʮĴڡʨһΪһҪȥʮǲ֮١Ů黳ѾȻäĿĵ˼˻ͷԣ϶ɳǽԼΪúõȰһȰҶɡ
ڣ
찡찡찡ԽԴʮ˲Ĵڣ
֪ΪʲôҶܵǽ̫ˣҶбµǽ̫
ԽԴʮ˲ǿߣǾͿ϶ܹħɽˡʲôħɽСֱħɽЩĺţħɽеĴħɽеǿڣ
˷ܵأѾȫ˵ˡ
ʨΪҶɹֶΣӶҶħɽǿߡʱʨΪҶֻһħɽСֱ
ҶϣԼǴħɽģʨ־ãҶһƯ޶һЩֶεĿ֮ʿ
ڣ֪ˣҶʵһʸħɽʸħɽʵȨĳǿߡ֪ˣҶɵĿͲֻΪ˴ɱѣҶɵĿ꣬ǽħɽ
˷ãĹĵػصĲ֪˶ٴΣ輤ƽȻ;ãԼ˫ˣԼˣԼȴһƬȣԼҲŽ
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һǧ˸Ĵ۾ѾƵС󣬻ֻǰ˾ȫҶǿʵĺ档
͵أҶɵҲ˱ŮҲûжŮӶĵҶɣһת豧ڻŻ࿵ĺ촽ݺݵȥ
ûĺ촽Ȼ֮䣬Ҷɾʹ˸飬һ˹
ôˣ
űԼᱧڻеĻ裬Ҷɵϣ¶һ˿
͵Ļ裬ҲҶȻȾҶɵ֮Ǻεǿʱ䡣ƾԼľҸı䣬û˹
ʦңҡ
޹ءҶƽĽĬĬѰ
ǡ
ңĵġе˵ȻͲҶɵĻشһӾ˲뿪
Ҷ㣬ܿεҡҡͷ
Ϊúءû룬˵Сһǲǿ󰡡Ҷ˫֮УһĹâǣѣĶùң
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භħɽϣλǿߺǺЦȱȷʵԡΪ֤ķšصǿǣַšǣѾһ·ǲ㶷ġ
Զ˶١λЦ˵ߵôҵǿԴһЩһЩܡֻƾһЩ籬ֶΣܹߵСѣϷĿԴ
ߵЦռлصûҶɵȻҲû
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þãûеõӦҶεҡҡͷ
һʦǿڣҲֻǿߣȫûв£ѾӰҵĸ֪
ҶɣӦø֪Լı黳ǻҶҲͬɿ쵽
ľ͸֪ˣҶɿ϶ľͽ⡣֮ҶɣóЩ顣
һΣһֱȫԼıϣһֱԼʧصĽڻУһֱԼҪĺ촽Լ˹ζʲô
ͨЩʣҶɺܿλǿߵĴ¾硣λǿȴ¶棬ҶҲ޿κΡ
ˣʱȥ顣Ҷ˿϶ûɱҵ뷨ҲֻǰӰҵĸ֪
Ҷ벻ףǸǿڵʲôֻ֪ԼҪ飬ǸǿĴڶ벻Ҳ㹻ˣҶɿɲΪһǿע⵽ˣ˵
ʶɢȥҶҵ˻衣
⵹һ鷳顣
ߵĲԶһʱ͵пôʲݵ䷨Դǿ߶ƵɼľѾȶʲô̶ȡ
Ҷ֪Ѿ̶ֳȣԼ֮ͨҲȫȥеӰԼֹܹľҲܽԼ츳ȫչֳ
˵ʲôǱ
ҵĴҵĴһḺ𵽵ס
ҶɵļᶨڻȻڵһӣĶͺˡΪҶɿ̫
ʦң㣬ûʲôģʦΪҵġ
Ҷװӣҡͷ̾һģû뵽㲻Ҫұˣʧʧ󡣡
ʲô
辪ϲתͷ͵ؾ˽ҶɵĻУݺݵıҶɵҲ֡(δ1637.
ϵ
ǰΪҶɵŮˣǰֶδˣܹӵеԵôʧȥ
ҲΪҶɵŮˣԼԼ䲻Ҷɣֻܿһ˼ѡΪΪȻ˻ᡣ
ʱֻǻѡ
ƬһҶۣˡ
һΣҶɲټ
һΣԾϥޡ
ҶѾҪٹ۲Ǳ仯ѾĿ˻Ǳ仯
ǰֻǿԽ׵ԴʮŲѡûʲôⱲӺܾܿͻῨ֮ǰҲ޷ǰ֡
ǣ̶̵ʱ䣬ָʺϱչص£һʽʺԼͨǱȻͻԴʮŲƿ
˵ʵڵʵˡ֪ǸصԴԲڣǲΪԲŻĵĹעң
Ҷó㣬Ȼλ߸ͲҶɴ棬ҲҶ˵һ仰ǣҶȴƲˣλߵĿĿġ
Ҷֻ˳һ£ûд㻨̫ྫ档
һΰǾҽ֮ͨһûаΣˣӦܹӿٵһӦٴһЩͨûд뿪Ҳܹȥ
Ҷɸ˻һŵֻҪٹ涨ʱܹԴʮ˲㣬ôҶɾͻ뿪
ʱ䣬ʮꡣ
Ҷɿ϶Ҫ뿪֮ҵ֮еռܣҲҪ뿪ȥˡԡҶɾֻ˻Щʱ䡣
ʮʱ䣬һԴʮ㶼ǿߣпԴʮ˲㣿費ţǣȴҪƴ
ʵҶԼôšֻ֪Ҫ迪ʼƴˣʱƣӰɢʱ䣬鴴˵ģõʥҩ
ҶڵһЩͽ׵ͨɼ򵥡ֻ˶̶ʱ䡣Դʮ㵽Դʮ㣬ÿһһʽͨЩǿΪͨЩͨͬʱľΪȻȻĿ
˿ר־Ļ裬ҶֿʼĥԼ顣
ʽͨӦþͿԽħɽˡǡȻһԴԲĴڣһħɽǿߡҪʽ̫ͨС˵㣬ܸκв
ʽͨǿҲֻ൱Դʮ۷ܡҶɵһŲСĲ࣬οԴԲĴȣȻ˵Ҷɾ˿ûʲô⡣ȻҶɾƾһһԼҲûܸԴԲڽһǣǿƣҶɻٴһʽͨ
һʽͨ
ڣȥ
һʽͨҶһһĥһΣȷԼȷаǱ֮Ҷɵ˼ͻ
飬ʵͨҲ顣ֻȥнսòͨǣҲûм˭ʹǵͨ
һΣҪʽͨΪһ壬ȻǣȻ
λ֪Ҷ룬϶ᱻҶɵĴ뷨˵˵λѾ֤£ǣҶҪ飬ȴûнӴĵ
ҶҲ߿ԼʲôԼĿռλݻǼǿ챦챦ռ䣬ͱռ䡣
ڵʱֻ̣ܶҪͨɢȥߵյ㡣
Ҷڵڼ֮ͨάϵһ첻ɢһ֮ͳʧ
ʱȻ̣ܶǣΪҶɿⴴԣ̶̵һʱʼնɢ֮ǰҶɸоôһ˿ܲԡ
̫ģˣ޷л֪ǿͨҶɲɵüͷ
ȴһǵп죬ǣҶȴãʮ켸ʱ䣬ԼҲܿ޷л֪õϢ
֮⣬һʱҶɾ벻ʲôõ⡣ʱһֱѹŵȻ˵
ҵ٣ȻںϽȥôͿʮʱ䣡
Ҷüëһ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ˵ûôԴʮĴڡӵǿܹڸʱ䡣ǡ
һתҶâ֡
æ˵Ҷˣѵܸʲôвģ֮󣬰ҵˣк󻼡
پ͸˫˫ƵãѾ䵽Դ£û۵ĿԡէȥȷʵûʲôΣˡ
ǡ
ҶЦų˫˫ΪһԽı㣬ʲôô
ٴһҪȥԼһꡣǣδ֣͸Ͻͷˡƴŵļ֮һҪǱҶ֪ˣǾ·һˡ
ٺЦҺô֮˲ٵʱ䣬ָһЩǬصΪ˻ǰҲǺϵԺһĹȥ
ĹЦҶЦ㣬Ȼ涼ЩˣΪʲô㻹ЩޡȽ㵽׸Щޡ֮䣬ʲôϵ
ʲôϵ̾ͽײЩǵ֮µĶ٣û취˺ǣ˶ѡ
˶ѣҶҲٶ˵ʲô
ʱҲѾ֪Լܵ飬ͱҶҲ֪ղԼײǶôǵһΪٸ֪Ҷ֮Լһ꣬ΪЩܡ
ɵãپʹ˸ԭǲܴ򺮲ģԭ֮Ҳʲô±仯ǣ֮껹ǲģ΢΢
ṩķҶɲãٵĻҶɡ
ΪϣƳʵ챦챦ռҲӦÿͨһʱ䡣
˵ҶɾЩͷˡΪڣ˼֮⣬ͷϾҲûʲôϡ
ԴӻһЩǣǼ壬ով㣬пӵʲôòϣ
ֻܵʮ˵ˣͨʱѺ˵ҶεİҡҡͷϣǸĴ֣ϵˮȽ϶ࡣ
΢΢һ̾Ҷ۾(δ1638.ż
ߣѾȫĵͶ뵽ȥҪΪԼҸԼŬ
Զææµµ׼ǰʮĸ׼ȻҶѾҪʱˣǣܶ׼һ롣ʱ䡢ϻô࣬ڸǲˣҲ̫ӵˡ
룬Լƺûʲô
Ϊ
ҶԼ֪ԼҵʱҪ϶ͣһʱ䡣˶ȴҪŸӳԶĴ㡣
ֻܵˡ
ҶɺǺһЦ˶ǸͣǸߣǸСƯǳˮ㹳㹳ζĴС桭
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ף
Ҷɳ׵׵ʱħɽϵλߣ۾ĴҶɣԽԽǰԳԾ
ȻȻͱ˷ˣľƿôܴﵽ̶ֳȣ
ʵľͿʼעҶɡҶһսٵʱѾע⵽Ҷڳ˵ĵط
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Գս׵ͷԴơֻҪؿܹ϶ʮͷģܳΪ޼ҳϡ
Դÿһ֮УϸΪ˳ɡͽסнס߽ס۷סҲ˵ҪΪ޼ҳϣսͱܹԽĸ㼶
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ǣӮȴҶʵ̫д˵㡣ҶɳԼҡʹɱ֣ôԼпܾʹܡ
ΪԴ󣬶شۣ
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ϼһսɣ
ԴʮڼӿӮսҲ㡣
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ǰĽɫڻҽɫ޼ԭԸȥӮˣǾı̬ȡ
ǣ޼£ǳ򡢳·ͣǶ֪ӮѾӵսʤֶΣ
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Ŀڶչֳǿ
һǿ϶˵ţȴԵġ
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ԴʮŲľΪǻ裿
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ʱӮˡ޼Ҽǿߣûж֪޼Щռؼĸ֮ڡΪԼҵĴ𰸣ΪԼ֪ҶõʲôԣΪǵģߺ
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Զľ֮ȻֿȻǧ޼ǿߣʮǿ޷ӵ
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ԾֻԴʮ㣬ҲͰˡǣҶվƺûκγֵĴ㣡
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ʱһȫ˽޼ҵǿߣҲܹ³ؼĲôˡοֳ˫Ҷ֮⣬˭֪޼ɱԴʮ˲ϵĴڣ
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Ż䣬ͷ֮ӰȻ
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ƣӮˣ
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սֱ仯̫죬仯̫Ϸԡ
޼Ǳߣ˶ɵˣ˶ҶһУҲشһ㣬徳ΪȻ½
ٸǿߣ󲿷Ҳ˲ʧȥ˼ȻڰԼһҪúÿ濴ŬһҪסԵǣ˴벻ıʣŵŵıʣȴ˲ʧԼҪѰҡץסԼĻԵ
ֻл衢ʨȼǿߣע⵽ҶЩȥʲôطʲô顣
ЩѵӮѱޣ
ҶɵɢúܿȥĵطԶͬ졣ǣȴͬһ飬Ǿǣɱޣ
һɱһͷޡȻЩ޵ľ綼ͣЩȴƣ
֪ղҶǾ仰ʲô˼ˡӮǿ޼ǿǣôǿҲ㡣޼ؼ㣬Ǳ޼ҽȥޣ
ѹͷ֮ӰȻ֮ûѹӮǵסʮսԭս޷֡ɱӮѱޣȶͨԴ䷴ɣԼˣ
ܵԽʩչԽͨܲȴԾɽûбǿɱӮ˶Ժˡ
ǣʱӮпԺ
ʱ޼£һ
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ͳ·ͶջĿ⣬ǵǰһӰ󷨣ֳһһʾ˳
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Ŀų·ͣûʵǾˣͣҪ֪һУ϶ͻǵǰһӵˡ
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ȥȥˣǣȴǼʵǼɱжȻŻأ
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ǸңȻŭӮ֮սħɽĶĸӹ壬ȫĨɱ
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Ĭһ򷽲ŵ˵ͷˡһȫԸ
·׷һ䣺ҪȫԸֶξС򵥣
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ڣӮ֪ҶɲǸ򵥽ɫ֪Ҷ֮ҪԼս⣬֮Լʩչ䣬ֻΪ˳ϣҵԼʹЩޣ
ô֪ЩΧȲҵĿռλҲڸԶȺ֮УȻӮȴƢִ֡ȻܼšѯҶɡ
ʱҶѾӮսԼĿռλʱҶɵĿռλУһó챦λȫҶɲ֪λǿĴܲܿԼĿռλ档ҶҲ֪Ϲʱڣ֮Ӱûǿ߿ռλδȻҡ֮Ҷɲûмȥ٣Ǽ챦øӴ
ѾӮսԼĿռλ棬ҶҲͲõı˿ӣ΢΢ЦǰһʱһЩһѡȻصöܺãǣֻҪҳװҾĲ
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ӮãҶɿ϶ڲƭԼɵѿڶʵʲô
һڣӮ;Լ̫ɵ˼Ķƾʲô㣿
ǣӮû뵽ǣҶɻĻشˣ̫㡣
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ȴ֪ҶɲϷŪӮ֪ʵɣǣڶҶ˵⼸ֵʱȴ˲һĸо
ԸϹƽľκͨκξҪ󣬾ܷЩԸߡ
ȥԸϹֻǱȴڵȻҶٴλλ̫ΪʲôҪμˮ֮㣿ΪʲôҪض·ϵ㣿Ǳʱ䣬֪ȥԼ̫ǳˡ
ֻлҽҶɵĿռλ棬ǿ߾ҽҶɶաÿ˶ҶɵĽ̻壬Ϊһľʧ⣬Ŵ󣬻趼ܻĴ
ͽˣ䡣
䣬Ҷɽ˶ֹͨһǿ䷨ͨ䷨ѾǿԹ˵ݻ˵ǿ˵
䷨ͨԭӦõȻﵽԴʮ֮ǣҶȴǰЩûֱӲ䷨
ĽʼδȻ㻹ֻԴʮŲ㣬ǣѾԲ䣡
˵ͷԭҶɣߵӮǰĬĬǵ
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ЩԴԲĴ˵ܹԼȫûнӴİôǾͻϲΪ֪ÿһİԼͳ֤ķǰһ֡Ҫ֪ԼصĵӣȻֲһԼûнӴİңһԼԴ֮ûκγͻô϶ϲ񣬸ΪԼһͽܣޱԺ
ڣܳҶ֮⣬ֻл֪ӮֱԼ賹ƿأֱԼ䱻賹״򿪣û򵽣ҶɵĻ֮У⡣
˼䣬꣬˷ܵʵʦ𣬽Ӧʲô
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ʦܽǰʮ辪ȵĵɴ۾
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ǣȴܿ쿴ҶЦ˵ɱͿԽǰʮˣһʮվȽŸҪĵͷ߶㲻ͲҪǰʮˡ
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ҪȥҪˡҶ΢΢ЦҲս̰ԲãȰһεľ˵
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Ȼ䣬ҶɵľΪԴʮ㡣
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찡Դʮ㣡
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𣬿ռλԾɴڡռλҲˣֻҪܹӳꡪֻһ˿Ҳ鼱֮£򲻵òһƿյ챦Ȼ֪һ챦Լľͻᱩʮ㡣ǣԴʮĿֲڣ벻ʲôķӶݡ
ңһʱͼ챦ǣȻ֣ԼȻ޷Ӷݣ
н֮꣬ǰ
һ;ķ֣ԼȻƿزסԼꡣԼʹǼ챦ȻͶҶɵĿռλС
֮꣬Һ䣬
ûȳӦͨʩչ˳һ䣬һ֮Сʱ䣬ͻججģԼ֪ĵһ飬ȫ¶Ҷɵǰ

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Ҷɳ֣걻ܣ䱻ȡȺ󲻹˲Ϣʱ䡣һʸħɽųϵǿߣҶɸɵ
ҶԼҲɵðԸ̾ľ֮ҵսԹߡ
ʤԤ֮е顣ڵҶ˵һԴʮ˲۷ǿߣܶԼκв
ڹȥҶɲʤô죬ôɡͷβǳû˾ļһʽƥͨ
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һΣֻ˲Ϣʱ䣬ҶɾѾ˲ɱ򣡣(δ1644.𣨵ĸ
Ҷ˵ֻһС޼ңʵС㲻ϡ
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Ϊ֪ģйǰʮϢҶҲ³ꡣڵ׷֮ռܣ׷֮ŵĸ⡣Щһ򣬸Ͳ֪
ԣЩڳ˵ڻеĻܵ飬ҶֻһƳͲᡣڳ˵Щǰʮ˽֪ƽ飬Ҷȴúϸ
ڻó֮ǰҲѾйǰʮļ˳͵ҶɵǰǣЩص飬֮ǰһǰʮʱĳ£Ǻ;˵һЩ顣
ΪǰʮһλӵŵǿߣЩ䣬ҶɸôһЩ
ԱȻеļ¼мطԲͬ
ǰħɽĵλûôߡڵĵһѾΪħɽĸ˵һĸ
ǰӵһʮˮƽԴ½ڣħɽڵĵһ֮⣬Ÿʵ¡
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磬󲿷ֳԽԴʮ˲ǿߣͿѡħɽϹʱһЩ䷨
磬ǰʮΣѰһȥķ֮⣬ÿһʱ䣬뿪ⱻΧȥнս
ٱ磬ûдﵽԴʮŲ㣬ȴħɽЩϹʱ䷨ֻıһšȻ󣬽֮սʸƣ
ɸ֮սǴ̼Щ֮ĴڼֶΡ
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ڣĳЩ顪֮սʵĿġҶɵжѾԴԲǿߵ֮ۡսʵĿ֮⣬ҶɻһЩʵ
ѹСҵһһ˵Ƭԭרѱ޵ĵطЩרѱ޵ĵط϶Ŀģ
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ӵ˫˫ɢһȺȺǿޡȾܿóЩޡȣרѱȥɸǿڵĵ
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һ޺¾ͬһΪʹǡҲõĻֲҵ鷳
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Ҷûпȥ˼⣬Ҷ軨ʱȥ˼ʹ²²˳
Ϊ˴֤
۹ߵͲͬжˮƽʹͬ뵱꣬ҶԾأԼ˷ʱȥ룬ҲȫסڣҶȴԾأԼĵһ룬ǸǿڵʵĿġ
ֶַ֤֮֮ΣڴʱҶɾѾʶˡһȣҲ治١
ļ˵ħɽһءÿһʱ䣬ħɽǿǾͻȥصʸ񡣿˵ģǸˣҪ֤Ǹڣ
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ħɽϣ΢΢һǺЦСһҶ֮ˡЩͬǣҲڵڰڡ㻹ʲôģ
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˵Ҳǡߵ˵ͷǺЦôΪͽɡⱲӻûչһͽܣ㵱ͽܣպ̳ҵ²Σ
ҶҡҡͷʦҲǴﵽԴԲĴڣʦԴѰ;ĵ·ҲŸԴʱʦҪ²ֱӾܾοѾ𽥽ӽԴԲ
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˶٣ЦȻѾ³ҵĿģôȷʵҲ˵ȥʦǵǿڣδҲΪĴڡ˵δҪһɣҪʲôԼ˵ֻҪ֤ҶԴӦ㡣
ҶЦǴ󷽣ɣҪĸ߽׹ȡ
ʱеɵˡ(δ1645.սһ
Щȶô󣬶Щȵļֵֵһᣡ
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˵ҶɵһĿáľΪȻóһʽͨӵгΪԴԲֶεǱѾӵһʽǿͨˣҪôȸʲô
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Ҷɻʱһʾʶиֳ
ʱԽ࣬˾ԽͿԴԲҲ⡣
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ɲ֮䣬еѹҶɣҶĳ嶯ˡ
ǣɲ֮󡭡
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Ϊ֮Ϊ
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һǧ˵㣬һڰɣһר˸ȥ
ƽģһ̸Ѿ⣬δһҪеĹעҶɵһһ
ҶȴƽӦ΢΢һЦ

ʲô˲ɱ򣿡
ϡڸϵʮļλһ
ϢԴԿɿΪϢɱֵҪʵ޷ȷɱֵ͹ˣﻹӵ˰ɱǿߵ⣿
ӲðˡҪû³֮ԭ飡ûȫ롣
ЩбʼħɽѶϢ
˲ɱǾħɽųҪ
ħɽǿߣһҪϹܵԼľΪһ棬ҪоĥβܻصءѰǿߵ֪ħɽǿǣֻҪ塢ûиΣաôǾ;ܳɽ
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һرĵǸԾɾ֮еҶɣɵߣӦ÷ͨصĵ·ȥͥдһ
Ҷɵĸ򣬹Ҷ֮ͥСû뵽ΪżȻԼҶò޺Ҷɸܲȫ֮
˼ʱǱߵĹˡҶ֣֮Ҳ赲ȫ汬Ĺܳʱ䡣˵֮֮Ҳ費Ⱥ֮
ٺ٣μթƻ㶼סĺգ
ԭֻͨܶķ䣬ѸٳһֹһǺҶɻ߽˵ռ䡣
ﵱȻǵ
Ҷɲĺʲô󷨣ԶǾŸȴʮ
Ϲ֮ףĺ찡ϾȻѧ󣡡
ݴԴԲ˶û󷨣
һĬĬͺǾŸһĬĬˡǶҳǴͷ֮ˣֻҳŸߴŲŲ
;ߣ
৵һӣǾɨ˹
ǲɵøЦӢ䣬϶˻ǾͲˣǡ
˭˵ҾһӮߵӮҴӦ飬Ҳһ
ʱ䣬Ÿɫɷס
ղŹ˵ҶܵסԼ˳һôԼҶʰŸϡҶѾƵԼʮɵԼҪԼŵ
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ϹȻˣĳ飬лĳԼ
Ҷ֮ĵɴ۾ѲɣϹŵһҲƵ
ǣҿҶɱ˵ˡղǸû߳ȥ
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ղԼҶ֮У˼̵ӡ󡣹ãҶɿ϶֣ԲŻšȻҿҶĿԡǣǼֶΡ
Ϳƾչճһ׷ͽС
䣡
ǾŸϲɵƤҲͣˣǲԼͬģͬʱɢߣ
Ҳ׷ЦбǾԶħɽ
Ÿ΢΢һΡȻ󣬾Ըٶȣããƺ֮С
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ħɽϣ΢΢ҡͷǴˣ
䡣ͬϹŷһǿ䡣ħɽǾŸϱֶθŻˣϴӴҲħɽԸ˼ġڹӲдƧҲԸڹС
ǣȴʮһг壡
@`ָ̄oȻòҲĺ⾳ϡǣϾֶζ̫ԴԲڣмұ֤ܹһ𣿡
ֶβֶû취ͬһʱڣƿֶΣ
ǾŸϺ޴ֶεĹҲͬ޴ҶɣΨһһĿ࿴Ĵڣ
ٶ̫ˣֻȥڲƭһػǵµĴڡڣȻɫģͽ֮֮ܡȫɳԶѹ壬Ϊһ
ֻǽҶһӣһߡԣԳԽȺ֮ԶԴһ󱲵̬ȣȥԴҶɡڣģʼҶһǱڵвȴ֪üǰҶ֪ǿڰпԼԼʱѾԼδ
ʱҶѡҪô̻ͷҪôϡҶѡǰߣҶڵʱͷԼսơԴԲڶԿΪ˸Լȡʱ䣡
ѹ֮£ҶɾԼȱʱ䣬ҶҪΪԼȡʱ䡣ʮ˲еЩҶʱҪɱԼǰ
ڣȻûиҶʩǰѹȻΨһһνǺɣ졣ǣҶоѹȴȵ껹ҪǿҰٱ
ʵҶɲûʶѹȺ֮ڵ飬ԼȺ֮йءǣϾһȺ֮ôҵĴУϾûоһȺ֮
ҶֻǾãһʼƬϵ壬һֻеͥǿ뿪֮󣬲ŻӴ壬϶һ˷յ塣ҶɾãԼΪһǿƵߣ綼⵽λĴѹãҲܴԼ֤ʱ򣬺ֵܾܿʱ
ԣģҶɾͳԹĵġΪֻҶΪ֮ʵϣȴҶԽ̽
Ҷɸһ׼Ҫһлᣬдһ𡣻ٳɶ࣬еġʧܡԽ࣬ԼӮʤĿԾͻԽ
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ӰУҶɾȻվЩսûǰٷּǿ֮֮ĲǢ
һηһɵĹ۲һսϵõԼۿģʵֻһϷ
ϷˣϷȴۺֻۡΪһϷݣΪ֪ʲôʱһϷĻ
һȺȺԽԽ͵ĲǲʴԼ֮Ҷͷ֮ȱ©֮ǣҶȴٳٲЩȱ©
۶Եİգʱ˿̣ҶѾһˡȻֱڣҶɶûмݣǣҶȴѾ²Լƹ¹˵ڶʽǿͨʱԼͻ⡣
꣬Ҷս𡣿ǣпܣҶɲԸôľֱ
ԣҶһϷһΪԼȡʱĴϷ
ⳡϷݵúۡ
棬ҶɼϹ
ƴ棬ֶֻܶΣҶҲԶԶϹ
Ҷ̵ģǿ̽ӡѭӡֳϢҶɲܸһս
׼ȷ˵սʤ
Ҷ̵ĲֻһЩֶΣԼһԹ֮֮ܡ
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ΪϷ𿴣ҶɸòôֻۡѸǱ֮ʽͨʽǿ֮ͨȥɹɵģҶɾʤǿ׻
ڣҶȴҪʾ֭һ׵ķ
ҪƴһЩˡҶĬĬšһ󵨵ļƻʶγɡ

ŭɢˣָɵ̬Ǹ֧ŵҶɣЩЦ
Ȼܼ֡ԵǺܲ
Ҷ˵ҪֽǾŸϵĻͱԺǾֻƾһɰųһ󻰰ˡ
΢Ц˵ֻҪϷҾͳ˷һ·Σ
Ҷɲ𣬼֧š
㲻ΪԼǣѵͲΪ˿ˣұؽ˳
ҶԾɲ۽һ˿Ѫ
ҾһֻҪߵ䣬ҹ͵갲Σ
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ţʹ͵͵ʩԮ֡ǣûüֵʱ򡭡
һʱҶɱһ÷֮ʱһݺݵķһšһҹҶɾȻһͨ
ףСӵǺͣͨ΢ЦҶɹȥģȻΨһȷͨ
⣬ҲǾȡһΪҶֻ˹ʺ˰ˡ
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Ҷͨп񱼣ٲ׷ϡ
ЩһһľΪﵽԴʮһͽסûǣеΪܵĿơ׷Ǹûκγɣ̾׷ɱȥ
Ҷɲһζӣһ߱ӣһ߲һ󷨡էȥЩԤרǻԼá
߱Ŀ֮ʿıȷ˵áЩһʱ޷׷Ҷɣ΢΢˵ͷ
ҲżųϹһĺôѡһͨ뿪ܿ죬ͿҶɷֱһ䡣
Ծһķ䣬ıԾͨ
ԭ׷ĲҲʧˣҶɸո̤·󲻾ãͿһµĲȻԼǰ֣
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ҶҲ㲻ĸɹΪֻĽǲ֮תƵԼ֮С
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ԣŻҶ࿴ѾʶԼ۹÷ſЩټЩǿϡ
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ѡģԹʿʱʱĴʩѹԮ֣ЩʿĴ죬µ˼µĴ
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һϷĻҶڿԴһˡ
Ϸ治ݣҪ۾Ҫ֤ԼİȫҪǹֶʱʱ飬ڣԼȳΨˣʱġ
ϷҲܻܿҡ
ػǵ÷ʮֺʲСҶɲ˳ƹΨһȷ֮ͨСԭҶҲȷͨģڲ̫ǿнһöӡҵͨ
Ҷ֪Լװѡ񣬺ҳ崳ҲؽɡҪػķ򲻶ԣҶƾ֮󣬻һͨһٷҲּ
ħʳҲǹؼ
ҶɲȷԼħʳ䣬һܹ𣬾һܹڣԼȳ
ڣҶɶܱ֤ܹ͸ĺ󣬽͸Լĵ壬Լתһ
ֻҶһԸƣƴˣ߿ôͻװʧǧôȵڶŲֵʱҲԸ䣡
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Ҷʧܵ׼˲òǰֱ׼Ȼ˵ʵĿĻԶûдﵽǣҲò׼
ϾҶûϵԼ¶ô졣ϾҶûϵôǿ󡭡

ô˵ڣҶɻչˡڣܹȥ̽Ѱ֮İءҪҶɣ˼׷ѰԴҶҲ֪ͬˣҪԸԼǵֱ
ֱ֮ǰӵ͡
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ȻԴԲڣǣȴԿڴûмʶͥ֡ǵЩ֮ǿߵĺᣬѭδ̤֮벽
Ӱۿ֮ðյǿߣҲֻܿЩ֮ֻƾһȱ˲ٵӰ󣬾ԴԲڣҲǵ֮зһս񶷡
ԣֻ֪ͥԶʱѡңЩǿĹС
ΪˣڼʶҶɵֶ֮һζȥ濴һͷֻһʲôؾأأҲû˭
ֻȥͥһȴû뵽ôݱ֮ͥе˶صͨû뵽ԼṩҶɵһԴʮȣȻпܽԼĳЩܣ͸¶˳ȥ
˿һڹȣҶɿʼĬĬһʽͨ
һʽͨĺôΪûʲôôû룬ȻʱóǣûõֻͨʲôطҪã
뵱꣬Ҷŵǧꡣ˴Ƹǵõ˲ͨǿԽտռǿѪ꣬ںʽ֮֮ͨݻųɹ˳
ôͨ󲿷ҶҲûЩͨͨҶݲͨǱҶֱһߵͨ
ǿĹȡ֮ͨ佨ϵȻϵȥܿĶ
ͥڡֻһ΢ǿˣûֵλΪ·Դǿߣͥļλ߾ͷǿޡͥȻޡȻΪͷ·ǿǰ̽ԡǸʱ˴ͨ
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ٺ٣㾳ҲûϵϾȻд˵֮ɡڣܲ²ҵֶΣ
Ҷú׼ȷ֪ҶҪһڹʲôԸҶɼٸǿĹȣҲԸ֮ĵ΢ȡ
֮һͨĹڡ˲ʱ䣬ҶɾͲ֮ϵ
ץһȣԶȥһֱ͵ǧ֮⣬оűģ
һȣȻǧ֮ڵĹ๵ͨٺ٣̽򣬾ҲõʲôʶΧ̫խ⣡
ȻҶͨΪ̽ŵҶȫһͷȥ鿴˼ҶȥЩɢޡȵϿҲûκ⡣
֮ҪͨΪľһþӴ˵صܣ
ԴԲǿ򣬴ϹԴʮһͽ׸֣Ǽ۵ĳϣһҲԴʮŲһ̤ԴʮľΪӵǿʵûʲôʧ֮ѣǳʲô
˵ǱץרĽ֮ͨͨڣȻиǿǿ߿ءһԼ֮ӰȻ󣬿ǣŪôأôǿڴ˰أ
پͺ˵ã֮ػȻҲ쳣֮ҶɾѾɡڣȻӴᣬȻھﵽԴԲǿҶɵĻɸʢ
þڴˣȻΪ̽ʲôܣȻܿǱķ֮ûʲôǣҲ϶֮ػŵܣ
ǿߣǿûĿģܾþʱпƬ֮ϡҶȷţЩ֮ԾþûȥΪ̽ʲôܣ
Ѱǿ߶˵ħɽĳһֻ飬һԼľΪѰطصķҿЩֻ˶Ŀ˵ֻĸ߲֪þӴ˵صĿĸΪ֮̽Ҫػܣ
֪Ĵ֮Ҷɾ֪ԼΪˡԼһЩֶͨΣпԼֱҲǣҪƤӵ˼ϵףȻǲ顣
ԣһҪͨԣһʯ˫ģһĵģԼ˶һڵĹȣ
ֻͨҲ޾롣ǣһڹȣǶ̽󣬾ͿϵĹ໥ٺ٣ҾͲţǾɢЩޡȣֻΪ˸֮ĺǶս
ѰطصķȻֻ˶Ŀ֮ôÿһʱҪȥϮɱЩ֮ĺᣬͬ˶ĿֶζѡڣҶ΢²ΪʲôЩޡȻôģȥɳ˫˫ɢİˡ룬Ǿ֮
Щ޷߲ħɽϣͻᱻŪЩޡ֮ءֶΣЩ̭ĳϺȻɢҲǺѰ쵽飡
ȻҶɻûнħɽȻҶɶħɽһ֪ǣƾǿټżȻϰõľ֮ӡ֮Ҷȴأð˾Ųʮ
һţҶɻ򣬸ЩһһͨȻЩҲɢȥڸĵĿռһ
Ƕ̽Ҷɴӳ˫˫лãΪʦһ۾Ϳ󷨴ŲͬѰ֮ʱȻô֮ǵȴڣҲһ
仰˵˫˫ϰõ󷨣ֻǲȫ󷨡
Ҫ뽫ƣҶɿµûϺüʱȥ㡣֮£Ҷɿ϶û취õıչز󷨡ԣֻ˶ΣԷȥֵ֮ʱա
һв׵ҶڿʼǶ̽󡣾ͿһڸԭȻĹȣľͻһſ貵ǳ
һǳɣ˫һң
ͨԹͨһЩǿĹȡǶ̽󣬿ԽֹͨԶľ롣󷨿ʼת˲ʱ䣬һ֪ںηĹȣͳҶɵʶ֮СҶɾͿЩȵ۾ȥ鿴Χ磡
Ѱңϵ˳ҶȲµЩֻ˲һǧҶɾ¶ģȻ۾(δ1654.ܣ
Ȼ˶ɽ٣
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ȵǿԼλ棬ӵ˴һĳҲܲˡҪǿй㲻ãͻᱻͱ죡
˵ЩԽ棬׵Դǿߡǽ׵Դʮ֮󣬳ͥǿ֮⣬Ūʲô棬ŪԣͥĽżŻԴʮ㡣
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ȥҶɾ֪ܣ
˵壬͸ͥǿһ£ǵĺ𲽾Դʲôɾµĵ΢ڣ
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٣һֳͷҲһֶ
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ҶɵİԾ̾УҴǿ߽ޡȷֱȡԼĿռλ档ȻҲȥͬ飬߿һݣԾããƺ
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Ѿ̮ռ仯˵ɫ⻪ҶɵΧĴҴȻռҲһʡռ̮ͻתʡϧǣΣ֮еҶûʱͣ۲ĥƳһЩɫ⻪ٶȲǰ
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Ȼûз磬Ҷȴƺоõкǿ֮
ЩǺɫ⻪ԶԶѵơҲ֪ǰ˶ã֮һ֮͵أҶ弱һ飬ǰ֮һ

һεǿ硣ǿ磡
̧һҶȻ֣ԼѾһɽ֮СɽѰϵɽûʲôͬľҲôơ
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Ҷһ߼ٵĻָһĴܿͷ֣߼ٷС
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ҶɵĵЩ࣬ǿר־׷ʲôûзԼĿռλг춯
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Ҷɵͺһ֮鲼ȫۼţͷţγһĺɫףҶɱм䡣
ʱҶɻμǱ߿ܴǿߡԣʱᶯóֶ֮Ρ


Ȼûз磬Ҷȴƺоõкǿ֮
ЩǺɫ⻪ԶԶѵơҲ֪ǰ˶ã֮һ֮͵أҶ弱һ飬ǰ֮һ

һεǿ硣ǿ磡
̧һҶȻ֣ԼѾһɽ֮СɽѰϵɽûʲôͬľҲôơ
ǣҶɾΪǡΪԪ֮ҪԶԶǣ
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УҶɻõһϢǾǣд󽫾ǿߵ˰ۡ
˵󽫾ΪʵԲ˴ҵ˰պۡҶţŲããƽԭ֮ϡ
ҲȥĳðŶӡһͨ뾳ͨʱȷ˵ˡҪٵһ¡ҶﵽԴʮһ㣡
ǹһսҷǵֽ徳Դʮ㡣пܽԴʮһ㡣ȵںϡǿͨͿԼȥս
ӮǵǿߵʱЩô
ԳȴʱôСࡣ
ȵԹͳ˰衣ǹ˫ãǿͨ¶ǲҲܱҶɵ
ȻṩϢУҶѾ֪ԼոսͨǿߣǵͨĵӣΪص󡣿Ҷɻľս֮Уʵʵϻá
ϾҶ˵ҪĿģ̽Ѱ֮ŵռܣ
Ҳ֪ʦͼıĵʲôҪʦ֪ͨĴڣҲĶѰɡ
߱˹ͨٶȡܿҶɾȷŨȣֻ軨ʮʱ䣬ԼܳɹԴʮ㡣
ǧսʱһ롣Ҫһʱ²䣬Ȼٻϼʮʱ䣬Դʮһ㡣
ٶѾܾˣҪ֪ǴʮҶɾ͵ûϰʮʱ䣬пӵǧԴʮһİ֣
һïܵɽڣһҶ˽ȥûá
Ҫ֪ʱõ󷨸ֵܵ㼶̫ߵǿߺԴʮ˲ǿ٣óķܵǵĹԣ÷˶⡣ʲôֻ¶徳Ϊû׼ЧЩ
Ҷûв´ڽкüǿ·˴ǷֻһΪ͵ǿʱкôһͷٵ뿪(δ1657.
ת˲֮䣬ʮʱŶȥ
ڴﵽԴʮ㣡ӼҶʮ⡣
ԴʮһҲѾһǧչٶȱҶԤĸ졣
Ҷɲûй԰Ͼ¤ǵȴڣҲֻǸ󽫾ȣ
гͷӵߵأǣƫƫû˵ǵľΪȻЩ˶εѹеǿߣ
һּõֶΣѰ˼¤ͻúˡǣһ˵ֻǽ£͵أǽսͻѰ˵ްθ
Ȼû׼᲻¤ǿ١ֻΪܵĿ죬Բӵͷΰˡ
ܾƾʵƾҲƾϻ¡ҲŲţԴʮһǿѾˣ
˵϶١٣ĸǿ϶ħɽࡣ
֪ûдԲڣ˵ڵֻһǣû׼ͨڻŻ
Ҷס
һ棬Լ⡣ϾԴʮһǿߡһһ϶·硣
ǣһԼҲòرġϾǵȴڲ̫ࡣϾԼѾӵ˿Դʮһнһϸµ
ˣҶʱֹͣΪҪװһԼʱŷ֣ȻͨŨȲСǣԼʶȻûзʲôɿڡ
ѹ־ɶһƷУľǸɿһڣһɿǿȥ׾ͨǸ޾֮ȴǸϽĴһͳˡҲ֪ӵո֣λ߹ģ
Ȼ˵ɾϵǿߣѾӵԼĿռλ档λĲϷչȻȻУݻʯʯɿ󡣿ǣԽߵǿߣԴԽӴԼҿռλĲ϶ܹϾǿߵ
˵Ҷʷʵ̫ˡֱڡλжûݻʲôʯ󣬸˵ʲôʯɿˡ
޼ҵĿûнң򣬻ΪԴȥƴɱһˡҪȻܾ͵ȡġ
ҶҪΪ˸Լƹ챦
ȥҪЩΪȥԵǱڵ࣬սرֲͬͨ޺ǿҲлЩɲա㲻ã֮ĺǡҲﷱϢ
ҶɽھڣȻƷһ㣬ɾҶɵľĴǿҲ̫͡ɿҪҶԼˣֻþĻƳʲôǿ챦
൱ڱ죬ΣȴΣûֲȱݵã
һҶһĥ顣ǣӵֶεȴõը¯Σա
˵ۣһֱҶɵҲҶɵò֡ǣҶʮκ塢̬ĴڣʵӡΪ֮鳤ΪȱΪƷӵµԵʡ
Ҷ֪ĳЩƼʢУѧǷΪǿҲֽĳֲ㣬ų׵춨ĵλ
ҶɷǳַͬѧĹ۵㣬Ҫѧõȥ
Ҷ뵽ľϡ
ϲۣ¿ǴúܡͨϾܾ൱ٱĶҶ֪κ鶼ҪȻ伡幹֮ʡʵ˺ü֮Ҷһʺϴ챦һ仯״һ챦
һ׿챦Ҳһ׿ڸʵΪ챦һ׿εǿ챦
һսǲ˵ӹ죡
ҶɺǺЦţ˼·ԽԽ
зԾԼصö壬ȻҲзֵֹ顣ǧǧôҪְ취ҵսͻǿ
ҶңֻϷϵ£ھЯȻģҶȴĻϲͺǸߵĴӡ
ܿ죬Ҷɾ˰ʺϷ챦ΡЩ챦ȱţþá
ʲôģ챦أ
Ҷĥŵʱ򣬺Ȼһ򼡣
ͨ棿ͨ档
ͨ޾ͨ棬ȻҲͨͨ㡣ͨѰļ𷽷ҶɿһǶ򼸽תһȦʹȷֻһͨ档
ǡȻֻͨ棬ȴҲҶʮֳԾ
̺ĵǿ£ܹһ׾磡
һףʱҶɻֻԴʮɶѡǶģԼԼܽʮ۷ˣ
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ʲôԵʣץ㼶ߣһɵĽ˹ģһĶ򼡣Ҷɾ;ЩЦ
ʲôʱȥ͵Ϯǿͨޣǿ߿ˣ϶ԾӾ͵
ҶţʹѶͽռλǡѶ򼶪Լλʱܳʱ䶼ûи˵ĳ˫˫Ȼеˣֱӳԣ
ֱӳԣʱҶɾͼԼڳ˫˫Ѱһֶ͡
ǿȡ𺣣ʲôҳԡ˫ϳǴ˺üֶΣ
ȻҶľͻЩ䣬ǣȴûرЩȵ˫˫ôһѣҶɷ
˫˫ͷ˵ҲͰˣЩĳ桢ޣ˫ȵΪáһǵĶؾͻữΪƿءöرɵؾͱɵѵתɶأ˾ͻǶ
˵ضԸ߲㼶ǿѾûжôǣһܱһܸáҶɵ˵ͷʶһƬɽɨһ
Ķǲ٣˫ȵķӣҾͿԶһֶͨ
ܿ죬ҶɾַһֻԴʮĶ档
һΪӵĶ棬ΪŽӲӼף׻ֶȴ̫
ˣ
˵˫ط˵ҶȲ㼶ĴӦʲôءǣͨҶҲȥĶȳԽֶԲҵǺʡ
һֻ˹ȥէȥƺһֻ㼶쳣µϡǽȻѾ֣ȴҲ⡣
ǣȵýˣȻڿն˫һҧȻͽǽӸҧסԴʮһļһһҧסˣӻܣԭһֺرıͨȴҲ޴ʩչˡ
һֻӣȻáҶ֪ӺٶӴڡһֻӵĵڣҲɢĴѰҡܿ죬ץסֻӡ
ȾЩɣһβܳԵ̫࣬ó״Ҷţȫ˻
ҶûѧռλȻҲûд֮ļʲʦܿһƵĴͼ
ζõҲûУֻѰһЩֲե֭ҺҵͿĨ˽ӵϡһֻ˺һƬⳢ˳ģζǲ
Ҷɲûֻ̽ӸӣΪ˿֮Ϊ֮áԼл֮Ҳ֪ͨжȳһƬ⣬ĥĥЧ˵
ʶӣĿƬ㻬θθҺڻ֮һɾӿ˳
ͨе̲˿ֲΪʲôȴûἰֶΣ
֮ᵽ˺öͨеֶΣرᵽͨᾧʹ÷ǣûᵽЩ档ޡ
Ҫ֪ҶɾֻһСƬ⣬õͶһã
ֻЩȴôܵġǹɾҲ˿˿B͸롣
ͨеĶأҲ½ö࣡
Ҷʹӳ˫˫֪ڶص֪ʶֵסɶص룬ҲΪǵòʧˡ
Զص룬ҶȴгͻסȫҪλ޾嶾غײ岿ȻЩʧȴ˸ܿԶԭҶɸЮ˲ֶءB⣬ҡ
ˣϥһʱ䡣ҶɲŽڶתԼƬеľҲѾҶ˵֮С
һ࣡
ҶɸӲˣֱδŵٶȡԼͷַԼҪѶʮʱ
ǣҶΪԼѾЩΪеʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬ɫ䡣
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ѾȻĪĳɢȥƣֱͺҶԼɢһ㡣
ɲ֮䣬Ҷ֪Ϊʲôûἰޡˣ飬Լߣ
ҶɵȻЩװ˷ѣ˸󷨣ʱֹʧ
ԼߣʲôֻⷨҪַܹ򣬾ܽ⡣
ĥ󿳲񹦣һʮʱоҲֵá˵رķ򻹸ʲôйúòһ϶ɵ;
ҶţһνĬĬľ޵СǶʮʱ䡭
ȻԱ֮йأ
Ա֮ɢٶȼӿ򱶡ɢܣҲ͵ڼԱ֮
첲һҶɺǺһЦȻ˲ʱ䣬ջʵСûлͨᾧ֮ǰȽöҲ
ܿ죬Ҷץֻӣ˴ʱ䣬ǳԵһա
ʱȻҲһЩ֮ķգоյƽɹȵҹʱ̣һãҶϲķһջ൱һĿޣ
ֻϧܳԵ
ҶЩźҡҡͷµʮ죬ٳԶ˫ĺ֢
ȻҶһ֣ܲأ
ͷոҶĶѡ֮۶ɣͲ¶ţȫԲ˶ءͣ
뵽ҹ֮ʱʺץǧһԶȥ
ɨһҹץֻȻǹҲٰЩ￾ˡЩ÷ֱҧɡ
һֻϷȥҧȻҧĽУ붾ԴԴϵӿ˳ҶҲȥЩءϷϵǹɾһֻﳹױҧʱҶɺȻֻ֣Ϸ֮һ
Ȼֻ֮һǣȴܼӿٶȣ
뵽ҶɳٸһһֻõС˳
ȻҪ˼·У
ȥҶҪ󷨣ĽתΪ֮ԭҶɻãѾܿˡϾ̶̶ʮʱ䣬ԼӵǧԴʮһǣȣҶɷŷ֡ȥԼֶΣֱе
ȥ׽Ļﶼ׽
ҶҲƵʹЩˣЩʽ챦ķЩδ䱸챦ķͳͳչֳǿľΪ
ʱ䣬ʱУлŵͶЩˡⷽԲڿһˣôĶ϶鷳顣
һǧ
һ򡭡
ʮ򡭡
ץץץ
ʲôͳͳץҶɵĿռλ
ʱҶɵĿռλѾһ󡣳˫˫һͷˮ֪ҶҪʲô
ˣҪ
ķ⿣⿵ֶʩչ˫ȵҶĻش
ʱ˫˫ɵˡôҲó⿸ʲôϵ
ܿ죬˫˫Ϳ֮Ĺϵ
ͿһﱻҶӽСܿ죬һ˳Źܵ˳
˫˫ϸһ˵ǣΪ˫ȵԵʣԣЩܺõȡ˳
ڳ˫˫ע֮£һʼڴڵЩ
׳󡭡
Ϸֳ
µǿ
˰ֻһȫµˡմȥץĻͳͳҶɾٴӵǧ
ѾԴʮǿߣԣܿƵѾﵽһ򡣡
Ҫ۳һЩﻹԶԶԼҲҪ徳ΪҲҪĻ
ǣԶȥͻǿߡһǲӵпԲɢֶΡôǿ϶Ҳ
ƥҶ֪ĵ
ˣʱɣĴתתææµµʮ֮Ҷ뿪(δ1658.׼ͨ
ȵȻҪȥǴ󽫾ͳڵĳУҲΪһС
ҶɽڵԶҶɼû˲ƶȥҲûһΪһͷ˫ͻͻıϣŽжȥ
ⲢҶˣᣬһ߷Уһ˫ͻ֮Ȼ󣬽Լ㣬Ƴõ챦
ҶԸ޵֪̫ˣڼʶ޵֮⣬˶޶
֪ʶ̺˵Ҷʱ̫̣ЩϼһǣҲһЩطŪ̫ס
Ҷɵ˼޼ǿߵ䣬ǱϾ˵ļ䣬Ҷɻա
ҶҪΪֳģȻ챦֮ӳЩ޵
Ҫ֮Ϊ޼Ԧ֮ΪֶΣһǿ֮
Ҫ֪ȻҶɲµֶΣϴͨͨݳǿͨǣҪݳһʺҶʹõ֮ҪʱЩʮɵֻͨ൱ԴʮڶѡҶҪԴʮһֶΣ໹Զúܡ
ȶԣ֮ʨ׸Ҷɣ޼Ԧ֮ҶҲѧϰաֻҪ޵ܴ֮һ֮ǿɱĿֲ
ǧδһʱ߸̬иôԴŸԵ챦ԴһΪۣ󷨵ɺɨͨһ
ҶģҶɿûȤͨꡣֻ뻨ϸʱ䣬ȥͨ⡣ȻٻһЩʱ̽֡һ֮ŵĸ⡣ػ׵ǵϵûвʲôܣ
ʱҶѾôˡΪǹ֮
˫Ϊ˴ٽ֮ǲϧĶսҪһƿͥǹ֮ôܲоܣ
ڹȥҶɶЩֻпп޵̬ȡͥΪֻɱǰ֮аˡ
ڣҶ֪᰸ħй֮󣬵Ҷ֪ԼļӶһϯͥĺս֮Ͳòȥ׷ǿǿֶΣ
ӵм޼ǿߵ䣬̫ʱ䣬ҶɾܴϤͷ˫ͻص㡣ȻһЩʱ䣬Ƴʺõ챦ֻǡͻϴ̫ࡣ޼Щϣóһǿ챦
ҪɱͨޣҡǿͨޡֻŪͨᾧܰзװ
ɨֶͨȷǣҪﵽĿģҪԴҶɴδΪԴ౼һΣòѰǿһŬһˡ
֮ҪȥҲΪѰͨ޵ϢҪ֪ͨ޵࣬ǣͨȴδܸǵҪЩһҪһݵͼҪ׼ȷϢЩֻЩĳвпҵ
һ·ϤͻԣҶɾʹ㿪ʼˡʣĲϣȽצװ
ʱ򡭡
ǿķ֮ҶɾȵƫͷʶԼҲ࿴ȥ
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ޣϿɴûἰͨﻹôǿޣ
ϵ˵ͨеǿҲֻԴʮѡΧ͹ʮǿߣԴʮľΪ
ȷԴʮޣңҲͨޡϸһҶȤȥ
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Դʮһķ
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īͯҲᣬֻ߼ҶɵĽǰīīͯǰ
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Ҷɿóī֮ͯ⡣ҶҶԼĴ㣬Ȼһ塣ǺһЦ˵ץ̫
˵ţݳȥƾѹͷ޴ӿкȻ׹䣡
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ׯڣǧŵȫϲɽ֮ˣΪĳɽ֮˽е֮ǰĪ֡
īͯһҾīǿҲīͯ󣬳ҾΪ
Ҷɵ˵ͷûжʲôֲɱ֮ˣֻҪ˶ԼԼҪɱš
˵˵׼ͨ޵ʲôҿͷޣûʲô𡣡
类Ҷɵļ˽ǰīͯǰȥſĴ죬ָ˵ǰ뿴
˳īָͯ㣬Ҷɷ֣ͷ޵Щ졣
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ˡīͯǺЦ˵ȾµĴڡЩԪ˧󽫾ƫҲֻ취ȷ׼ͨޡʱֻҪս쳣ޣûҲŬץˡ뱸Ըȷϣһͷɱе׼ͨޣ
ץΪ˵ɱ֮ȡͨᾧΪѱ˵޳裿Ҷʡ
ˣѱȻáīͯӦش
лҶɺǺһЦͷ˹ȥǳ͡
˵գҶɾʹ뿪īͯеǰ
ţҶüͷ΢΢һ壬ЩϲܴӦ֪Ҳīң
ǳ֮Уŵѹīͯ˵ңңֻǰһͷͨޣ
ŶҶɲüͨ޲ǶνĹȡϿ֮ĵطѾӽôܴͨޣ
ͨ޴Щط˳ҲϲΧеļӡ
Ҫ֪УרشٽáҪһͷͨ޾ܹĵĴ͸еļӣصǿҲܹ˰ĽΧϣ
īͯӦǰ޾ǴīӳġӶ֮ʱīصļöͨᾧˣīҳϼﶼȥ׷ѰͷͨޣЩСǣɢѰ׼ͨ޵䣡˵ؼȻ׼ͨޣôͷͨ޶⸽ǱǰʩԮ֣ͨǣһʱ䣬īҶл
ҶɷŻȻ򣺡ѹȷ׼ͨޣлԵɡ
룬Ҷü˵˵ͨǺܸߣļŴᲢۡǾͲ£ͷųʹǰ
ߵļöͨᾧ뱻ͨˡͨ޿϶취ԼҼǿİ֡㣬Щ޲ûɱ׼֮ͨǰͷͨӦʵʵĻЩޣôܷǳ
īͯ΢΢ЦǰǿֻҪǰ÷̽ȻзҲⲻ󡣡
ߣ㵹ǺƣҶЦ㵱Щһһ۳Ҫʱ䣡
Ҷ⻰ǰˣȷʵǣѰ£ҲҪʱ۳Щޣ֮ʱֻ̡Ҫ㹻ǿޣʮʱ䣬һȫ۳
īͯȻ֪Щīͯǿķ϶Ѱֶο۳٣īͯʶЩԴʮһУûһǿӵǿ
īͯ΢΢ЦмۣǰǿϳҪʲôǰᣡ
еˣīҲܷųִ󻰳
ҶǺεʱ׹ͷѵͨޣȻʲôܣ
Ҷɰ뵽
ī̬ͯȣīزֹһԴʮһǿߡʲôǧţȻīİ֡
˵ׯ뿪¾Ͳֻīͯ˵Ϊɽ֮ʿгԵʡׯ뿪ضǽ˵صȥ
Ҷɵ棬һȺԴʮǿߡ˭Ѷ뿪˵ذأҲһᵣıҶɼӿ졣ԣׯڲŻᡰ뿪ֻеȾ˵㹻ԶˣׯڲܷѶϢ
Ǻƣͥȣϵȣǿǿ̫࣡
ΪǿֻһֵǿΪǿߣ߻ııǾ͸ӿ¡Ҷɽ֮ͥ֮ˣ˳˫˫֮⣬ǲıı֮ˡڣһīͯһׯԶȥ˴ྶͥɶ쳣Ĵڣ
ȻңǾҪñƵ׼ȱϣǾʹīŪˣ
ɲ֮䡣ҶɾѾסֻ΢΢һЦ˵ҪЩ챦һ·ǵսڸ㹻ϣҾҷһ⡣Σ
˿ҶЩīͯʵ֪ǰҪƺεȲ㼶챦
ȻԴʮһģҶɹЦţгһϷεҿϣ
īͯľΪȻóǸϷϴԴʮһ챦
Ϸû챦ʱǣ챦Ƿ챦ܲµóϷǿ챦
īͯµóҶڳƤ졣ϷĵȷȷֻôԴʮһ챦
Ͼ޼ںһ壬ǰʮˡȻҶɽ޼ҵԴһˣǣϼҲֻƳôССԴʮһ챦ˡٸϷװһ챦ô֮צû취װˡ
ԭǰǸʦīͯ̾һȻЦ˵ǣû츳ӲϰЯϡֻЩīҳǸˣٸǰ㹻Σ
һѶīͯ֡΢ͣһ£īͯ۾ǰǼϿɨ֤ǰ⼸һԴʮһ챦
ʱֻϷҶɹҲ˵īͯһӦҶṩ㹻Դʮһϣ
Ҫ֪Ҷɿû˵챦ĳߴСҲû˵費ҪʲôرϡīͯҲʣֱӾһӦɾͲֳֻͨ޻ʲôرˡζţīҵۺ
˵īͯ˵챦Ϸǰ΢С챦Ǿ̫͹īͯˡԣīͯ˵ľǳߴ챦
īһ᲻жĥɱ¿ҶɸɱڴˣҶţȻīͯôīҵ峤һҲ϶ɵϵնɱһԴʮһǿ߾ͺܲˣնɱһҲ߸Դʮһͽ׷ǿߣϼѣ
˵ԴʮһĽȫ˲ƵĻֻ費һʱִܵｪīҾôǸڽɱˣ
㣬ֻҪҶܲסͷͨޡôīҾͿ϶ḶӦĳ룡
ͨȻǸڣһ壬Ȼó˺ϡ֪Ǵ󽫾Уж챦
īͯǼλīǿϵõʱ˿̣ҶɾȻѾ˴󽫾ϡ(δ1659.ͨС
ӦˡҶɵ˵ͷǣͨ޵׼ȷλãҪṩ
ð졣īͯһ״챦ΪѰֻҪͨ죬˵ڴͨޡźɫıǳ˵ͨ޵ľ뽥佥ԶȥĹȵȵ޵ıرƷǰˣ֪ǰմ
ȵīͯͳȥһ챦ѯҶɵĻ֮ɼһߣ

ǰջ𣿡īͯǺЦͨڻûлǿߣǰͨڿɢҶˡ
Ŷʲô˵ҶɺǺ档
īͯЦͨڣ϶ֻһ塣˵ڶұضֱֻһΪֹ˵Ѱ޵Դйءڸϸ飬˵ˣǽĴ󽫾ᣬƶ˽飡
ֵ顣
Ҷҡҡͷ
ΪʦԶԶĹۿһ챦ܴƲ챦ļֵ챦Уǿ׼ȷжϳ챦ļֲƶɡǣѰҶɵ֮󣬾ȻϣҶɴδ
ǾͨᾧԼͨ޵ıѪûֲϵģѰ󣡡
īͯĽͣҶ֪ѰȻһֵԴʮһ챦Ʒ
Ҫ֪СͨޣҲԴʮĴڡʲôεͨޣڵͨᾧʲôΡҲ˵ͨᾧԴʮĴڡ
էȥԴʮıôܸԴʮһ챦ᲢۣʵϣΪͨʵ̫նɱˣһֻͨᾧԣһöԴʮͨᾧֵһԴʮһ챦̫࣡
˵ͨ޵ıѪôѵá£նɱͨ޺䱾ѪͻѸʧ
Ҳ˵ͨᾧѵãͨҺǳѵãͨѪûܻã
һһѰļֵͿ֪ˡ㲻ãѰԴʮһ챦ԻȡһѰ
Ҷɲɵиɻ
˵ղֵһӦҪĳ룬ֻΪûʶҵǿڡ֪һֶθʦȻĽѰ˵˳ʲôԭ򣿡
ĸҶɣͷīܵͨ޷ǳǳر𡣾Ҷ̵¡Ҳܲ޵ʾ
ӡ֮ûзҪīͯʵ뷨Ҳͦѡһʱ䡣ҶɾȻ֣Լƽһοһˮ׼ԼµĴڣ
˼ȥͨޡò˶ãҾ֪«ﵽʲôҩ
ʱѰֳ˺΢ĺɫҲ˵ͷͨ޾˵ؽԶҶɿѰڸתСȦܿȷ˷
ߣߣ
īͯȴ֣ǰУԶԶžͿˡһͷԴʮһɵͨޣ̫ǳܲǿѹ
Ҷɵ˵ͷԳѰָʾķȥ
Ҷµͻȫǰ֮ʱٶȺεȾˡֻһʱ䣬Ѿɳȥ˼ǧľ롣
Ѱˣͷͨ޾⸽
룬Ҷȴ˵ʶɵľȫ渲ǡǿ˵סͨޣó١ԣƾʶԶԶ
Ǿʹݾߣ
һٸ˳ȥһʱ䣬һ󷨾ͽԲռ֡
Һ䣡
֮£ⷽԲڵޡȫꡣҶҲ˷ѣһʹ󷨣һ߽Щޡʬͽ˿ռλ֮ȥ
СҲⰡ֪һֻںη
ҶɲԼƲסͷͨޣʵϣķ֮࣬ʮ߰ͷԴʮһɵͨޣҲһһɱİաʱҶɣӦԴԲЩûа֮⡣ԴԲ£Ѿһη壡
һʱ䣬ͨ޾ȻûҶɺǲ졣
ȻֻǼװ֮󣬿ǣԽԴʮһ¾ɱīͯ˵ͨ޽ֻԴʮһˮ׼ͨޣôԴ˿
룬ҶɵĶͿ৵ģɳȥһٸ֮Ȼǿڣһͷͨ޽ԳΡ
ʲôȻһֻӣ
װ֣촽۴ʲô濴һֻӣ
Ҷʮֲ죬ΪʲôīѱֻӣԼս͵ΪʲôܴīʱԶһȣǿͨɱ
󵨿ͽȻɱСף(δ1660.ᣨһ
ͻĹҶûܼʱסԼ󷨡ֻüٸ˲ƶ˿ȥ
˵ĹҲǴҶɵıȥĿҶɵ󷨣ֻСá飬Сһ̵ĻУųҶŭĿӡ
ʮһ߽ףŮӣѵǴ󽫾᣿ҶЩ졣
ϼأ֮ڣֻôһŮ޴ﵽԴʮһ߽סǽᣬֻ˭
ͨޣǴīѳ𣿿뽪ܵӣʵȻˣ
˵ѳĻô˻æ˻ģ˾һֻΪƤӼС
Цӣ˱ȻѣǧżʱѶͰҵС׸ɱˣ˵ɣļģʵһȫʬ
ԵҶɵûһԴʮһ߽ǿߣʲô֣ԼʱҲԼΡ
ǧţׯڣܺãˣҶ΢΢˵ͷ
ȫˣΪǽ˵ǧšֵʱҶɵӡȻɡͨöӡҶ֪һ顣
СƤʧȻ󽪶塢֮󣬾Ѱҡ
īǧͶ˵зҪ˻ᡣ塢ˮ
īͯսڶ࣬Ծʱı⣬塢ˮתȦףҸ⽪𲢡񶷣
ʱīǧŵĸѾԶԶİ˹ֻ⽪̫࣬Ⱥ֮
ӡʾϢûҶɶôԾСȦ㲻ʲôƾԼڵıҲ׽ҶʮֳԾǣһε飬漰λԴʮһǿߣԼȻܹӡ׼ȷӡ̳еƣ
Īľͻ𣿡
ӡ֮ĪġֱڣҶɻףΪʲôԼľ֮ȻȻȻӡͨ
ڡӡ֮ĪͻˡﰵôԴʮһڣԼȻ˳ӡ
ͨöӡҶɸףǰλ󽫾ֻѹɽ˵Ѿһ֮ŮۺıǱʡͽͨ
ҵķΧоϲ߻һսҷ¡鷳
ͨӡҶ֪Լ⽪鷳ҲᷢԼ鷳Ȼ鷳Ͷ㲻ȥô
һöͻӡҶɶϤһ顣ҲûشĻֻǹЦţٸɢ棬ܸ˲ƱС
ӲģԱһ
ֻǽһͨڵĳǰǺݺһٽâǽ֮ϼһâ׷ҶɵһӰһʱҶɾȻ޷ѣ
ûӡӳգһҾҪһͿڵֻͣһǧ壬Ȼȫʩչһܵס˽ܡѾһѰһԳɾԴԲͨ챦
ֻǵԽ׳ˡһԴʮһ챦û˽ѹҲܳΪ
ǣһԴǿ߶ֶѹԴ챦ΪʦƳ챦Ҳֶܽ׳塣ܼ򵥣Դ챦̫ǿˣһЩ챦Ϳ϶׳壡
ͺñȵǸңǳ֮󣬾̴źħӳͥõ챦ɾͲһ˵Ļˣ
˵ͨӡӳգҶɺȻ֣һѽȽᶼҪ
Ѱ£ʹͲӦˡڣΪӡǰʾǿҶҲܹǰӦѡ
ٽâͬʱҶٷĶ߷ʱı䡣Ϊһ飬Ȼīҡǧŵĸ֮ȥ
ûЩԴʮһĸüʲôӦԣҶɵЩһһԱЩεúҲΪϵǿԱ¶Ρ
᲻ɵӣֻʮָ߰ר϶У˽ͰˡЩīҡǧŵǿȻ¶εʱʱ䣬˹
úúãԭڱͼıɱǣȻȥǸһ鷳
âĶԭ׷ɱҶɶȥĽâǣīҡǧŵĸͷȥ(δ1661.ܣڶ
ǸŮԶԶţǱߵļսҶɲò̾
Ҫ֪ǽֻһһΧɱԴʮһǿ߾ʮ
У˾Ϊ뽪൱˸ҲԴʮһн״ڡƾսͲ뽪һһø൱˵㳲ΧǧرЩϵ͵ǿ߽󷨡սҲ൱Դʮһͽ״ڣ
Ҷɣ϶ͻúǰãһﶵȦӣȻѰɱˡǣǽȴģҪЩΧɱӲӲ
һҶɰԵ˵ͷԭһµͨѹָҹôǿӲӲҵӡ֮ûǰһͨû¶ݡҵϵ׾Ҫȫˡ
Ȼﻹؽ磬ǣҶȴѾԺ޹˼ɵʩչֶΡϾͨǿǾųɾŶͨᾧЩͨᾧӦŵͨȫ֮ûκιϵ
ýղһ˵â֮оʹеζЩƬϵǿֶȫȻͬ
ֿһˡ
ǧһӣܹʮӡīǧҪûʲô֣¾Ҫ
֮е顣
ǿ˵ףӵԪ˧ͷߣưӵд󽫾ͷߡʮӵƫͷεģƹһ
ͼı󽫾ᡣǽᱩ˫˷ִ󽫾գҲ϶Ὺι
һפУӦֻ֮һǲԤʾŽб䣿
Ȼǽῴһ˱ɫɵ΢΢һ䡣
򳤺ڣ
򳤳ߵ󽫾
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.ʧ
¶һȻ˵飬˵Թս֣Ҫǽͷݣ
󽫾ְ޿κΣ
᲻ٶԡ
פؽ.һԹۡɴ˿ɼǹҲ뱣סˡΪԼսǿҽͨĴ壬¡īҡǧŶò˭ˮ˭ȥͷ󡣰ѴֱӽԼɱˡ
ǽǼ˲߻ģ
Ӧ𣬵ǽȴ֪ûнڰеô˺Ȼ.
Ҳνǻش𲻻شΨһսѣ
ԶҶɿֱҡͷԭˣΪڶǾΪﵽˮ׼ҲӲʣԹǣ
ҶɱţīҡǧĵԼǰ˽ԹڣǽʤˣҲӲԶһжƿ֮ʱǽĸ֮ʱ
ʱ϶ڹ󽫾Ӧòвٺöȥȡˣ
ҶɲͣǼ챦סǽ˲ƶȥ

˵ԶҲԶ˵Ҳ
ҶԾ÷ԼĳŽеĻôŻҪ߰ʱ䣬ִܵﷱĽǡڣΪȥıǴ󽫾ϵ챦ȫ˲֮£Сʱ䣬ѾִΡǡ
ʱҶûʲôȥӴǳصɫ֮ʵϣʱ˿̣棬ҲѾûʲôĵطˡ
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Ǽ챦ִｪҶɷŷ֣Ҫڽ磬ֱλڽĵĴ󽫾ɲһ顣ӽſʼ֮·ȻȺײҶó󷨣ʦ󣬾ͷۺܳʱ䡣
ȻˣΪ˲ЩѱҶҲȥʱʱ䣬ųɹ󡣻ûҶɾֹǰ
Щ֣ҶΧüͷ˼ǰӡ֮ͻƣ޽ӽԴԲĳֶζǰ̽ڣЩ󷨲㼶ߣȴһöӡûܽɳ
ӡ󷨣ôסҶɣ뵱꣬޼һҲЩ˵ˡǣҶɽӡ֮ɲǼƣ
ҶʶʲôΡ
ᣬܳ׽ӡԶ˽ᣬӡ֮˻˻ȥ
ҶûлīǿߣҲûлǧŵĴڣǻ˽ᡣ
ĪɣҲһ㣬ʲôҶв˼(δ1662.󽫾
ҶһǾܹ׽˵ǱʡĴڣҶѾȷˣȴʼղԵɡ
Ҫ֪ҶѾһָ⡣
֮ĸδˣҶȴԼԸȥð׷ֻչزʮʱ䣬ܹвеĵ
µõľ֮ʮأӡ֮쳣Ź֡Ǳŵĸ⣬ҶҲȫͷԡ
ԣԼܣֱڣҶɶĥ͸Ψһܹȷľǣܾ뵱˵ĲͬԸ֮塢ʥûκιϵ
ڣʶǽпҲʲôܡڷӡ֮Ȼֲ˵ʱһʱ뵽ģǽӡ֮ľ֮Ӧĸ⣬һʱ뵽ģǽԼһһܣ
е˼ܹ׿һв룬ֱϵһܣأ໥Ӧİأ
ûκθݣûκɣҶɾǾãӦˡĬĬ˼һʱ䣬Ҷһж
ܿ죬Ǹ֮
һӶǿ߱Щ˹ȥǽҪԵģһԴʮһͽ״ڡЩԴʮһͽ׵ǿһη涷ЩˡͻԥԱ˵У
ûãǾͱЩͻȻðԴʮһǿŪ𡣵ľȻʱѾΪ׼ȷľ
أڴԮ
ѾԿ϶ǽ˽һ֧ǿ˽ʱ˿̣ΧԼˡ£󽫾Ծûܹ£й֮£Ѿٹ
ԣѡ˼ڴԮʮΧУѾˡȵеĴڽسǴ֮󣬾ͿԼԮ
ǣµõȻľͦȷģǣ²һ֧˽ȴڣ
ܹµõȻ˿һԵĵĳһǧǿ˲µõڡǸѾȫ·䡣۶ٸ䣬˵˵ı֣
֮Ҷƿһ֧ηҲԼκθõǿӣ
˽İٷʣµ˴󽫾Ѿ㹻ֻһʾߣһҪ֮أѹá̽ϲŵĴܡ˵ãǴ󽫾ϻµӡǣ
󽫾Ҫֻʣһ޴ķˡЩڽǿߡ߽׵Ѿս٣ͽ׵ҲܸҶκв
˵Ҷɵ֮ԱԱԱ
ȣǰԱһڹҶѾˣЩȵԱ֮ۼһ𣬼кǷΪĵط
ΪĵطҲЩѴƴĵطǰѾ˽ʮʱʱ䣬ٱҶȫһ䣬ʱ󷨾дýơ
ҶɲͣܿһȥԱȵƵһ̶֮ɳһ³ֵ˹ȥ
ʱ˵ó󷨵ǿˣЩһϲͨǿߣҲѾˣ֮󣬽εȿֲĽ
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صʱ򣬾ôڽᣬǿҲҪȻٻ󽫾Ч͡ЩҼصǿߣ󷨺Ȼʱ򣬱ı֮˲û
Ҷûκ֮ģͺǽ᲻ܲʣʹɱ֣ҪɱҶһʱ˿̣ûκεɽܴʲô֮ġ
󽫾Ȼǧٸض죬һʱҪҳҪĶףɴཫǧٸضһյ
ǧٸضĵڶߣҲѾΪΧķı֮˲СˡҶɽʣģδԱ˵еӹȥڶҲȻ
ʱ
ѾӦõǺܿ죬ֻϧûпвҵĴڣ
ǰҶɾѾ֣λ򳤳ƽֻԴʮһͽ״ڡԴƣ򳤶ҲȾΪ
Ҷڵսʮһͽ״ڸвõ֡ʩչһЩ֮ƵĻնɱҲȫ飡
գ
ǧٸض챻Ҷ˿ռλ֮У˲ʱ䣬ǿĿռλ֮ͽЩض״ݻ١
ڴʱ򳤼ææģ´Ϯɱ˹(δ1663.ᣡĸ
ѹȻһƴ˽
Ҷɫ΢䣬Լڵ̽Ȼûз֣󽫾ھȻһĴڣ
˵ĺǿǿҵ֮Ƶ
ѭȥǸˣȻһòŮӡǣղŵȴӦһӲŶԣ
᣿Ҷһ֣ѯʡ
Ȼ֪ҵ֣Ǹ˸İɣ
ǼˣǼˡһӼˣҶҲûжȤо
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ôţ΢΢һЦѣҿ㡣˲̫ţ̫ŵǻ
Ҷɷ༥㻹һ̫ţ
ɫһֱҶֻǵЦţʵов
ҲǼ˴Ҷ˵ĳȣвмζ֪˲Ʋ磬ԼŻǡһӣʮǿ߾ͻΧ
еİȻֱڽеŹֳι״ıʱ׼˹Ҷɡ
һȺɻͼ
Цţѣһͨķݶϣҽᣬ㲻
ڽῴҶɸûκϾԼֻһܽԴԲĴڡԼʮ£һԴʮһͽǿߡҶɡȴֻǼ¾൱ѣ
ƾ⼸ҶȴмЦٰҺԴʮһнǿҲгɣ￴羰ܺ𣿻վͷ򳤣ҲһˣվԽߣԽأ
ɫ䣺ô֪ģ
ô֪ģҶƲƲ죬ðɣ㳤еƯķݶϣҸһʾ
ҶɵĻδ䡣λڽ󷽵Դʮһнǿ߾ͻȻڿնǾʲôϮһѾУ˱ΧһȦŵĿܡƺвһ͸ĵˣ
ʲô룿üʵ
Сӿа֣
ỹûüػҶɾЦһȺ׳գҪɱǣõҰ֣һ˾ٿķ˳ȥ
ҶɲãһʮҶɵǿ߾¶ȡΪҶڿյһɲǣȻûܹҶȥ
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ǣһɲǣȴȫʧȥҶɵӰ٣
ʱǷӦٶ۵Ҳ˹ԭֻԴʮһͽ׵ǿߣʵսֲ
ʱЩ˵սˮ׼¶ܿǾͽǽᱣм䣬ٻŽ˽һ֧ǧ˶С
ս޲
֮ȫꡣھ󽫾̫ľͷ׷ӵԶУԣһ޲𹥻û˵ʲôˡ
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ˣҪСһ㣡ûп˵ĳ˫˫֣ѣ⽪ܻܿɫ
ִܲԲڰɡҶüͷ
Ҳ˵׼֮ҪСġ
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ҶɲͷһݵĶŴͶӰĿܷ˳ȥ
Ҫ֪Ҷɿ󷨡˫ʦ֮õֻҪ㹻࣬ͿԴԴϵƳǿԴ챦
ǰ͵ϮǼԴǿߵģҶʱƳ챦Ҷɷ֣ȻﻹһԼûзֵǿʱ̿ʼһЩ㼶ܵͣȴӵ֮ܵ챦
ԣ㽪ᱳԴԲڳҲûʲô˵ġƾıƣҶţԼһܹȫ
οҶΪûԴԲڡ
ԴԲİһͻ֪Լ٣ΪʲôͨΪһǿ챦
ڿǳһ֮ҶɲһγĿֱָ꣬ᡣ
ڶԷѾս£κοܻ׽ᣬųȥֻΪδ׼
ڡ
ȻûԳ֣Ҷݵ٣ȻǵǼ屣ᡭ˵ֻֽϵϻȻΪڣǣȴɱУ
λҶѸٳһӽѾǰһѾŸոյҶڵĴݣǲŸոշֿվֻȻʮֳأеıҲȣѵһ˵ϡ
أ
ͻϮֻһͱҶڲϣ˹ȥ
Ȼɱǣ˫˫ѯʡ
ڽʱҶɾѾ˫˫ʱ˿̣ҪŮʦı
ڳ˫˫һЩԴʮѾɱɾ䣿սǸԼ鷳
˫˫֪Ҷɲʴ֮ˡԵˣǲ档ͺñȵֻܹݱǿսʱԼͳӰǳϣɱ˲飡
սѾ԰ӾųɾŵǿߡԿŵý֮սǿǿ֮УôĴ
ҶɺٺһЦʱ򣬲ɱ˱ɱø󡣡
˵ţҶɴָΪһ²ԫϱ৵дһд֡
Ϊᱨ𣬻֣
ʶǿУ˫˫ȻҲһͶӰɵÿЦһвȽѾңͼ¡
ҶȻ˵ҰɱңҲἱڳһʱ֮졣ȼ䵳𣬵ǽˣػȡ׼
˽һĺô
ȻҶɲδͳ̡ǣ֪ĵȴܴЩѾ￴Լıǽս֮ʱЩѾͿʼ⶯ҡ
ɴˣҶɴ󵨲²⣬˲ȫ.ȽɱȻ£һתͷǿߡ
һиʱǽһսͺ񲻵һ֮ǰҶɲԸȫ֣뽪ӲӲһҶҲԸȫ֣⽪ӲӲ
ǹҧһ۽ʤǰܣҽԹ
£ҶҲߣֻΧȺߡ£ͿѻҪһ̵ӡ
ҲҪǼĽᣬ̵ӡ󣡣(δ1664.ӲӲ
Ѿ࣬ȴҶɡ
Ҷɵӡ֮Բ֮ڣκΰ׮͵͵ĺɿԼǰ׮һﵽԴʮƲӡһУһööӡ棬׼ȷķӳ
Ȼˣ˵ѾҡԾɷ֮ʢ
ǼᶨѸģҶһͨȥ˾֮һΧǰ׮ֶʱʣعʱǰĹǽѾдһ֡
Ƿ
ּҪ鲼ǵΧˣȴûһҶɵ١ÿһΣҶɶ벻ĵط֡Ȼ󣬵ǸϽǸֵʱҶȴȫ෴ķ֡
ŭ
Щôˣѵץסһʮһͽ׵Ļ쵰
ٶʵ̫ˣңһ˲ͨ˵ų˺öܣĴǵǿսûа취һ𣡡һ򳤱׵٣Ҳ²⣬˺ܿԼľΪҪ
ûѾĻ̺ȵУҵܾӣ
٣ǿٶһǼ챦һСȻܹҴһΣҲӦÿԲ׽١ֻҪܹ֪٣һҲܽɱ
üͷԥһҡͷ˵Уʦ챦ÿʮ쿪һΣʹһ꣬ҿԳΪԪ˧񳿲ŸոտһΣڶϲã
룬˵ͨᾧѽӰ󡢷ȫ򿪡Ӱ󡢷󣬲ΪӪȰһ첻ǾͶɣ
򳤴ͷӦһ˭ǵʵ顭

һ·ֵܺڣҶɾòֹˣ뿪ɽۻˡ
ǣʱȻüë΢΢һ
ǿķ󣡡
ǰԼƵģǸ󽫾ķȡڿģǵķֻǿ
˫˫˵ˣͨᾧ֧ŵķ󡣶ǰ󽫾ķ󡣿Ѿ˴ڲƻ˲٣˳߷Ȼͻ󣡡
еҶɵ˵ͷ˫˫㿴Ҹô죿
˸ǽѾ㹻ˣǽܹһһīҺǧţôԴһɱԣū澾ãǸһЩɣܲɾ
ⷬ϶ҪѪԼǸ߶սͳͳȱҶǱߣֻҶɹ¼ҹ˶ѡˣԼȻҪҶɡ̧֡
ǣǽֻ֪ҪҶڽǱһʱ䣬۳ɰǧԴʮһ;Ϊ˫˫˵췽ҹ̷
֪ȻԼµڶࡣǣ˾糬Դʮһн׵ǿ֮⣬˵һһȫΪһööӡǰӦô͸ȥҶɣ
ðɣǾ˷뿪ǣ
Ҷɸ˫˫ٽʱ򡭡
򳤵Ȼһǿķ󣬽ǷָһԲʮ
һӴķ󣬽ȫСҪʩķһҲһԷķȻҶڽڵû죬Ҫ뿪ȴҪһֽš
ҶȻȥЩ󣬾޴ѽǵѾ˵һһķ󹥴ȥԼҲûô
ǰһһ챦ѾڲȻһѻ
ǽﴦ𣬸ȻҪЩʱ򣬷ȻҪϿպһЩרͨˣҲͲһ顣ֻӦı䶯ҵ㣬ͻƣ
ҶҪչжʱ򣬽ڲӰҲǡͬʱҶ˸Ӧʶķ̽ȥѾЩʲô
ӰָʾսҵʵӶ²Ҳδ⽪Ҳǲݰ
ˣô죿ЩӰ󡢷ˮ׼ͣҪһ󣬷ʱ̫డҪҿǻһǽɱ˵ɡ
Ȼ̫ʱǾɱˣΪҲӲӲ𣿡
Ҷشų˫˫⣬̤صĵط˳
ǰóһѾ
󣡷硢ףԶͷ֮һߴţһ߽ȥ
ҶҲʲôնжԷѾӰԼû٣֮ûϱ棬ҲܹԼںη
ףǬף䣡
һͺȣ޴ƾ޻ڵĳǧսӲ˹ȥ
էȥֻӵкɱԴʮ˲ڵҶɸոʩչһʱǶѾɫɡϾǧսһɣԴʮ߽״ڣ
ԣǧսΪԶֵһӣȴѾԮͬԵС
룬Ǿ޴׷ˡĹ죬ǽеĹȫƽ⡣Ȼֱײսķ
ʱ䣬˶ɫò԰ףȻս󣬷ǲǣÿܵĺ֮Ͽ֧Ϣʱ䣬Դʮ߽׵ķսͻȫ
һͨܿٺƿԴʮ߽׵ķǺεȿֲ飡
ľ͸ҹҶȵ
һȣȻ֮ͨԭǧ˶УʹⲻǿĴڡҶһЩСսЩ˵žֵ۾һһˡʱ䣬ǧսɣ
һЩƢ͵ļһȴ֧һ£ǽţҪ£ֻҪټһ򳤴˾ͻϹɱţ
ЩС֪򳤣ټʮսǿĴڣΧҶʱҶɵһëûͱҶȻߡҶɵսҪǵԵֱһ򳤣ֵѴ֮
ǣӵĹȷ˲˵ĹһЩ˼ᶨվԭأҪҶ࿹⡣
ԼǾԹˣ
ףֻһεϷɳȥģҶɸûֵͣ˼
˲ʱ䣬սơһǧǿߣ䣬С˵أҲûһս֮
ʱٽǧ˶Ӹ˹̫ǧ˶꣬ҶףǸһʱ䶼
ʬҰѪȾأ
ļ֧ǧ˶ѣĿһҾķ
ûһ˵ǰƣҲûһ˵ͷܣ˶ɵˣǽֱվԭأһֱҶߵǸǰ۹һɨǲηѡ
ӣ𣿡
ǿͨд˹ʱ䡭
Ӱ
˲䣬ܣ(δ1665.ǿشˣ
һѾɢӣܿڶӣӡСӶŲ·ɢӡۿѪܵһĻģҲе;˵ģֲڽмӡ
ʱ
ߣɱ⣡
ʮӶʮطͬʱһӾͽɢס
Ҫˣ
򳤽Ҳϵˣ
ǼԴʮһн״ڰѵǼλ˸ڷ̴󽫾ԭ򣿡
λ˵еĻҲѾˡܹ󽫾аǰˣնʮһͽ׵Ļ쵰

˶Ӵܡ
Щڣûʲôµġ
ҷǷգѰƸߵ㣬ҪЩǿνǸֲļһƷҪ֪ȻǵģǣǸһǿߡȻǵ岻ͬǣҲһϲս
վýϸ߽ϽѾܿǸֲļһʲôֻǸһվ·վԼҴԺʲô
ʱǡ籡
õһ죬ҪµĴܡǾһϰɣҪ˷ʱ䡣ҶĮ쳹ǣ˶һ
Сӣ˵Ƕʮָ򣿻ǣҪʩչߣһϵ˴ȵҪΪɱ˼СһΪԼ޵ˣ
˵֮УҲһʽͨһʽͨȻǹЩԹ۵ʿǣǣʿȴɫ䣬ĵͷߣڴ˶ͣ
ðɣȻҪǾˡ
Ҷ쳣
ŭ˵СǴĳģҲ飡
ǣ
ڽߵǿӦšȴڷࡣֲ㼶ǿߣܹϸģǽܰ򣬳һЩϢͲ׷ٳʲôõ
ϣǿ԰СץסɣֻҪǽսϣܴ󣡡
ţǸһָѣǶʮһǧҪ⡣ǡһִĽᣬոս˵ܿͰͷˡ

٣ӦñһܡС
ΪʲôҪܣʮΧסһҷ󷨡Ӱȫ򿪣õɱ᲻мЦ
ǰưܵĴ󽫾УȷЩΣաڻỹЩ¡
ǡǺεȴڣ뽪񶷣ڣвŮŮġ˿иǿľΪȴûа취жսǣջʤϣҶɺһӣѾӮһս
ǻεѵ٣ּǿ߶ս㲻þͻѷŪˡټϣǸĹֶ̫࣬Ǵ
ʲôõĵģ˵ƽһЩϾ⻤Ĺ˵ʦһ󣬾ԴԲǿ֮ڣҲܽƣ
˵ǻҲ޷˵ˡֻܻɣôǿķڣ
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ǱߣʮѾҶΧס
СӣеȻûܣһλ෢ֳһѩɫĳǹ˵ϣı¸ĵһ󣡡
ϻ࣡
ҶñŴˡ
Ҷɲʶˣǣȴʶ˳ǹ
֮ἰģϹʮ֮һâӰǹȻֻǷƷҲѾﵽԴʮһнˮ׼Դʮһн״ڣⳤǹã
Ҷɲܺ´ˣǹҶɺµĻͻ˫˫Ҹط죬Ȼ󣬵Ƚ뽪ɱһԼȻѡ
ҶҪսѾ϶Щ˾סԼʱҶҪһս

˲ϣִƵض˾
ֻСƳ״챦Ϊ֮ֳֳǹһϽǹɨӰɢЩʱ顣
ģǿֲ֪ǿǿƶɵ챦Ҳô׾ܳ׻顣ԣոʱͿʼһʽͨ
ǡ
̫ˣ
ҶɱĶߺȻ֣
ʲô
Ŀ¶֣һŵģҶɸȥأ
ŵǵûܿסΣһ·³Ѫ䳡سգ

һļž
ۻˣ
˶Լ⣡
ģǿ߿Դʮһн״ڣյĳǹҲͬԴʮһн챦˵Ȼᱻһʮһͽ׵ǿǿش
˵ģǿ⻹ͬǿͬ顣˶ãԴʮһ߽ǿߣģǿҲػ
ѵǡԴԲڣ
˶Ŵˡ(δ1666.ɽ
һӦ
ԴԲ
ʱǼĽǱȸղŸŮһЩ
Ҳ֪ߵļǱҶɵĹֶθˣǱԼͻɤ仯ŪЩ֪롣֮֮ܶǾȻûһ˷Ӧ
žžž
úݺݵĸЩ¶ӣһȺҪˣ
Թŭâ⼸һûȻǰսķԸ׷ɱ´ȥ
ǣʱҶѾ׼һ󷨵㡣˷㶵ʱıѾ͸򣬴ΧģҲǷΧķ
󣬸ƣ
һӦӲǶ֮С
ҶɾͿҪʱѾ׷ɱһΣҲû˭Ҷjjyyǵļƣ˶һӵϡɲ֮䣬ҶɾͲ֪Ҫܶٵ
˵ҶɲԴԲ˵ҶɸղŻǸǹǿ߲ǴԼҶԴԲҶɵܹɵĻһԴʮһн״ڣҲܵסôǿߵֹ
Ҫ֪ЩɶѵصıǵĹụţܾụԴԲΣ϶ҧ󣡣
ҶɵĵȷȷסĹͬ衣ıͱͨݺݻС
ˣ
һ˵Ȱϲʱ򣬽ļ
һȺܵˣ
ڽҵǼüԽԽýٲˡǣЩͨɢʱǺȻ֣ΧķȻһ
ӵˣ
ʱ䣬⼸Խӡ˸Ĺۣѹִ˧ԭĿ񣡡
ǡ
žžž
Ǽ¶ӣոĹ۵ӡֱüӡ

뽪֮ݱʲôҶûжȤᡣʱѾԶ˽ǣһ޴ɽ
ڽжɽ
ɽΪͷɽɽ걻ѩɽ²ʼдж
ϷɽΪɽΪõһӡɴ˷Դ
ɽǧءݺḲǵķΧΪ޴ڶ࣬ɲɢϲȥĵط
ҶɵĿѰޡ档ٴԣѡȥϷıɽ棬ˮĵط֮ءⱼɽеޡҲܶࡣ
ҶҲĻɢͻ
һսѾ㹻ǿ󣬽ڶݵļνȺ˶ͨôǿ࣬͵ϮǽģһЩǿɢ޶˳ͻҲһܸ㶨
Ѱҵޡ棬ڿᰮޡ档ЩѰԴǿ߲ҪĶ˵ϵĳͻνΪɢҲ⡣Ȼϵĳͻôִ⣿
̤һƣҶֱűɽȥ
Ҷû˲ƣ;ԼϢЩϢþòɢǽỹǽʤЩϢѰҵҶɡ
ҶɸϣģǽӮʤ
һң½Ծ޷ʤҲûܴϣ̽ʲôܣ
ߣصĲϱǿֳָĲǾΪҶ֣̽ܵ
ֲˣǿߴֱӺôǣȴܼǿ߲ĵȻҶɲľ֮Ӻζ֪ӡ֮ǣȴʮԼֵΪԼԼܲ̽Եʣ
Ϊľ֮ӡ֮ҵսȻǧ򱶡ľ֮ӡ֮ҲսʤӮҲԿҸڽ࣡
ҲѾ˽ԼܣоԼܣҲʲôرĵͨˣ뽪һսֻʤܣ
ҶŽʤ뽪ǣԼӡ֮ûͻ֮ʶǽ֮ԸһһīҺǧšֻΪηֻΪµķŶѡţҲԼһһֵֺĵһֺͨ

ȻֻǷУҶɵĽųҲĿ졣֮ѵִ˱ɽ
ۿȥⱼɽȻء֮һľ޴šƺǾˡ
ƶˣҶϸϸһ£ɵøǾ̾ļܾ֮ȻԴʮǿȫһ
Դܹ֮ⱼ֮зεˮޣǿʲô̶ȣ
ǣǿĽпûͨޡҲ˵ⱼ֮еˮ޲㼶Դʮ㵽ʮ㡣
ֲ㼶ޣȫ̳ܣˡô׶ץޡЧȻʮֵ¡
ɽץòˣץˮޣ
Ҷɰţ˱ɽ
ףȻûһɢޣɽСҶɺ֡
Ҫ֪ҶɵʶѾԸǹ򡣶ⱼɽԲҲǧҲ˵ҶһԿԿٷ֮һ
ڳٷ֮һȻûһɢ޴ڣ̫˵㣿
֮ҶѾ֪ͨֻҪԼеĵط;ȥռáֻҪʵԱ֤طᱻߣܻܿɢͶ
ڣмͶ
ǿΪʵΪе
ȻûռƬ͹ˣ
ܵɽɽˮˮҶɺ⡣ֻƾջһӡǣܿ죬һͷͽԲĿռ
ĿģֻΪʾԼȨ档߲ͨ㼶ǿڶ࣬ҶɻûΪһ󣬾ͿԵֵϮ
ԼصЩǿ
һսҶɽԼȫƴûˡڲú˶֮Ⱦ۳˼µ
ҶɺǾϲ
ǰ⼸ȻԾԴʮһͽˮ׼ǣȴѾԼ˽װʮһн׵ף
һʮһн׷ۣû㹻챦ҲһԲ࿹⣡
ȻǰǣǴԲû֡ǣͨڣӵԪ˧ͷεĶӵаƾһȻԸЩԪ˧ӲӲ
Ҷӵгʱ䣬ô϶ᰲĵֲԼֶ֮Σ£һĹİ֣ʲô޷顣
ǣҶȴҪսپ
һھͽ⣬Ѿҽͨѩ顢ħǱȻᱻ˷̫ʱ䣬㲻ǲ
ҪǣҶɻٴ׵õѹ֪֮У׻ʲôͨΪ˵õľܣ
ǺҶһץޡ棬һ߼ԼľΪ
ӵһʮһ߽׵ٽЩһһװͣôԪ˧֣Ҳη壡
Ҫ̽ͨڵܣͱѹЩԪ˧һ㶼ĻҶʮԼ϶ܷ֣ЩԪ˧궼û̽ܣ
ҶҲҪϮ
ȻҶѾǿˣȴûпԴǽеһսҶһμʶˣֿʤǿֶΡ
Ҷʮ󽫾µıȻȲϸԪ˧µıѾս֮󶼿൱Դʮһͽ״ڡôЩԪ˧µİս֮սȰԴʮһн״ڣڿȸΪǿĴڡʲôϡ棿
Ѱɢ޵Ȼܽս󣬵˵ףɽУŴСڡЩδܽǿս󣬶Ҷɹһв
ԣһҶһЩ嵽ϾԼһ˾ռ˳ٷ֮һıɽ
ǣҶʮֲǡԼʮ꣬˵ûһǿ߽ƣԼɴһɽʿûп
Ҷˣܲᣬⱼɽеɢ޶úƽ
ҲںЦ
˵ɢ޲һ塣˵δԸǣټһɽ˳ٷ֮һ˽أû֮ҲӦù˭ô󵨰ɡ
˵ϼصʮɽǽ֮ΪҵĵطɱѰ飬ɱʱʱĻᷢ
ܹվȽŸģЩײнɫܹｨģϵ£ܹýǵȴڶò̵Ĵڣ
ǿϼˣʲôʱһɾ޽
һֵʱ
ɱĹȵȳͨ޵ʱ
˽´֮⣬Щǿǽ̣
Ҷѡ뱼ɽҲⷽԭҶɾãûᣬȴְȫӶݳû׼ͻɽټ֡˵ҶɿĽᣬܶǱѰԼһˣû취ҵ׼ȷ𰸡ǣܹܶҶɻôһڡ

ʮŴԼҶɸеʮ־ȡ
ȣϸʱⷽԲﴦûһǿߴڣҶΪʲôǿڡ
ǣѰϵ£ҶȴоκǿڵϢ
Ҫ֪ҶѾǿԸԴԲǿ߽аĴˡҪһԴԲ֮Уôܳʮ޷Ѱ
ΪƬǱʲôŹգҶüˣȥҸʣ
ʮкõޡѾҶһաЩ֣ǿúüʱ䡣
ʮҶѾӵǧңǧԴʮһн׵ҪʣˣҪЩľΪϲ¥ҶҲȥתһת
ҲѾûˡ
Ǵ󽫾еȻ٣ǣȴҶġͷʮҶɾѾЩ󽫾صƳһǿ챦һǧѾȫװսѰԴʮһн״ڸǿ
һ߸ٷУһĴ
ʱҶɵı徳ΪԴʮ㣬ʶҲѾһԸǽӽʱա
ʶǣѾԴԲǿ߲ˡֻҶû֮ศӰ֮ԣʦʱվ룬ֱӿңԶڡ
νҵרҶר֮֮ܣǱ֮Ӱһ棬Ѿ˺ܶࡣ
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Ҫ֪֣ǽɽġɽһ߽ᣬԼΪʲô켸ʱǽֳǣҶɲ죡
ǣڣȻսˣ
ʲôҲѾԴԲڣһ۾Ϳˣɽʲô˼ûһǴԲڶҲɽԪ˧ſóˣ
ߣ
ɽȥὪᣬתѰҶɵ䡣ãԽݣӦòſں˵ƭԼ顣
ʵϣҶɵȷûвڽǣǽĺȻ˳ȴǸҶϢϢأ
ΪᣬɽɱңִӺζ
˵һ仰ͳ˵˽ᣬ˵Ҷɵ֣ý뷨һЩ䶯
ȷΪȻûа취Ϊʲôһ棿һԶȴһ߰ĥţԼӦôܴҶɵϻһЩô
ʱҶɵĹһγˡ
ղһ⣬һǼһĿֻΪһʱաʱҶɣ˼ʲôʲôܹ׼ȷ֪Ψʱաܸɽһв
ʵϣҶ֪ǣֶʱգԼǲвõɽ֣
ԴԲڲôˣѰʱ飬ܿؾ۳
챦˰ǣһҵ׼ȷλҾֻһ;ԣֻҪ޷ˡͲ
ʱ˿̣Ǯͳͳ۵Ҷɵı֮ϡϷ֮⣬֮ʱ˿̣ҶɵսԴ߽׸ǿ
ǣȴֻʩչһζѡֻʩչһε϶ܻɱɽܲشжϡ
Դʮһ߽׵ԴԲԾʵǹھ޴ˡȻҶɺݺݵĽѵɽһΣҶȴٳò⡣
ɽһȭȭĻЩʱҶɱͿȫˡǣȴʮԥûж֡
ɽĿâῴȥʱҶһγֵĻ᳹ɥʧĿ⡣Ҳɵóῴȥ
˵ᣬýң
ǣҶԼ˵ΪԼܸʲôۣýְԼ
Ҫ֪ɽӵԪ˧ŵĴڡҪ֪ɽӵа
һСĶɽĺҹһĬĬԼóֳ룬ûҶԼóһͨ뽪ˣǸɴһֵ⾳뽪ύʱǽȻҶȡϵ
Ӧ֪ҿü㣡
ǣʮر𡣡Ҷ̹ȻϣܻܴʹյǿֶͨΣԣһ㣬һⱼɽ
ԭˣѹ˹ģƵԴԲͨ˵ҶɣڵʮΣաܹɹӵɽڶ࣬µǿǧֻҪǷֻҪǸַӵܰڳ
ĻʮԣǾǣ֮⣬ˣֶΣҲҶɵͨ
ҶɱֶҪһԴԴϵģԼķǿ챦
ڣҶɵϾųɾŶ챦档ԣҶԼʩչͨЧѾԶԶϲ챦Ч챦ͨ˸ƵˣҶɵȷǲ޿ɲأͶ·
ڶĹ֮ĵط
ȥҶɵȷйִ㡣νߣҶɽԼһߣͶЩضҵĵط
ڣڼʶԴԲֶ֮Ҷ֪Լ۳һԼҲû취Щط磡
ʷϣ֪жٸԪ˧󽫾ƫЩط׽ͨޡǣֱڣ˭ûЩطһССĹ۲վ
ЩطԴԲĵطҹȥ뷨ǹ棡
ȥҶɶԴԲʵսƲԣȥҶɵЩƻֻͳͳϣһͺñȣҶɱôɱУԴԲ࿹ġڣҲֻɱһԴԲµһڱûܸԴԲһϸ£
ֻҪҵ£ҽĹޡôҾ㲻ҽҵܣɽҲҰô
Ҷ΢΢üҪ˵Щʲôʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬ɽЦСӣҵˣ(δ1673.
ĵȷȷɽҵҶɣ
ɽȭɱʱҶҲͬʱ֪ˣΪʲôԼᱩ¶
ˣɽȻܹǵĶԻ
ԭǲܵ飬ǣⲻܵȴĵȷȷˡ
ڲѰԭʱڲȥ㣬ȥƽɽһʽͨʱǼһֱҶɵ챦˲ʱͱɽȭ˸飬ҶɵıҲɽһȭͷȥʮ
飡
ռλ𵴱
ֻһȭҶɾͱ
̫ǿˣȫһģ
ƣ˼һëû˵
˺ܳʱ䣬㣬ܴ֪ɽǣΪɲǼ䱻ҵˣΪɲǼһȭԼѾ޽ӽ
Ѿˣ˫˫ҲѾˣҶѹŵ꣬ҶɵĿռλ𵴵ʱ򣬾Ѿһغ
ʱûҪһҶǧ֮Уվһ֮ϣԼ΢ͽ֮С
Ϊķףŵ»ʱû䡣ҶɰһȭʱҶѸٽ󷨵һ¡
һǧ˲ˣǧ
ֻҪЩûκΣաǣЩܿסȭ
Ѫ꣡
ѪҶɵıзݳֻ˰֮һɲǵʱ䣬ѪԽնɽĿռλ֮С
Ҷ֪ѪֻܸԼȡһʱ䡣ѪɽĿռλ֮УɽıʱҶɳȥһǧһͷ
𣡣
ҶѾõҶҪһΪ۵ĳ֮ΪԦ޾֮ΪԴȪȻںϽҶ֪ͨٸͨɷչôҶһֱûֹͣһ󷨡ڣѾﵽһ֣Ҷ޷㼶ˮ׼ĳ̶ȣ
ҪԴԲΪۣ˵һɽһǧɽҲһɱˣڡϧˡ
ҶɼѪʱɽֻ΢΢һ㶣ǽ΢΢ҡͷҶɻɱ˫˫ѪꡣԴԲͲֵһᡣ
ǣҶһǧ״ӵΧɽӴ󷨵ʱɽˣ˹
ߣ
һѽҶɲĿռλԶݶȥɽŭĿᡣ㲻ǽǿߣҲĽʬΣ
һ߿šɽһ߼׷ϡ
һǧµİӰһɽı꣬ô˻ᣬѪݺݵҧɽıһڡ
ǣɽѾںĴˣҪ׷ϽᣬҶ
ҲһؽǣŸոճɾԴԲûжսȻɽĳرܣһرĵӶӲ
Ҳû취ҡ
ɽɵӣʮ˽ңôԼ϶ҪҶɵıˡԼѣѹңǽһһԺѣԼԿ
Ҫ£ͱѽ棡
һĵһ³֡
һΣֱȥΧᣬȰЩԽΪȥ·ס
ᵱȻҲɵӣȻʮЩͨ·⣬ζʲô
ٸңӦƵЩ
һָ壬Ȼͻ㴳ȥ
ߣּۻۣھ꣡
֮ҲԴҵܡҵ䣬ֻѵȥʷͨ
䡣
Щͽ׷ͬ˵ʩչͬˣڲͬʱʩչֱ仯˵ɽվ۷ԴԲڣ
ʱɫЩѿˡ
ָ壿
Уʵ̫ƻҪˣĶȥץ
ڽԥʱлؼҵĽ·һס
ԶһЩĵ·ҲѾвֱɽͨ⣬Щδסͨ·ɽٶȣȽ˲˹ȥҲ϶ͱ׷
֮£˺ġ
ɽбͼ׷˵ţᳯһûĿտ˲˹ȥ
ʱɽɫ䡣
ᣬ㲻ҪˣȻҶĹȣ
ǽߵķ򣬾Ȼͨڶ࣬ԴԲҲĹ֮أ
ĿŽἱ˲ƶȥɽ룬ͣ(δ1674.Ĺ֮أҼ䣿
ɽûĹ֮ݺݵĴһڡ
Ҫе鷳ˣҶûߵ·㲻ߣƫҪѡܵΣյĵطᣬֵطоҵĻꣿ
˵䣬ͷͨ޾Χ
ʱҶɵıû̫ܵˡǱӣʩչιԼĹܲЧԼܴܲɽӵǾͲö֪ˡ
ûʶһáǼͷͨ޵ҶɳˣΪʲôĹֵطԴԲײҶĵط
ͷͨޣȫԴʮһ߽סԶƺͨԼ
ҶȥһЩ޾ۼزͬ
Щ޾ۼضΧǿֻҪðǵͽǿҲһܱն
ȴһŸո̤ĹȣѾǿͨΧ
ȻԴԲڣҲͣ
ͷԴʮһ߽׵ͨ޵νͨ޵սձҪͬǿǿ౶ǣԴʮһ߽׵ԴԲȴһ޴ķԾ
ý᲻ڴ˹ͣԭԴԴϣŷͨ޴
ͷͷԻɱ
ʮͷʮͷҲһԶԸ
ʮͷϰͷѹȽϴ󡭡
ǧ򡭡ɽּǧǰͳɾԴԲʸҲһᱻȺ޳û
ҲԭԼ˵ǹƥӲ֮ͨء˵ʮľӣܽΧͨޡ
ͬΪԭϽͨᾧõľͱ˾㡣ҪЩɡ壬һ㶼֮Ϊ׵ˡ
ͷͨޣҶҲЩףΪʲôǿǣԪ˧󽫾ƫַšȷҪͨޣͱӵǿľӣ
ῴЩͨޣ˵ǽһӹȥ˼ͨҲûãͼԶݶȥ
һӪء
㼰ʱ޲ӪطһܵסԴԴϵͨޣɣȺսУҶѭѭա
Σ˵Ҷɵϣ
Ҷ档ῴ˻þϣ˵ûҶı£ǣҶɵİһɲǣʶǿĿЩ
ɽҲͬʶһ㣬һ˲ʶҶɵռЧǴɱԴԲڣ
ԴԲֶ٣
ͥĴԲڶϣЩ뿪ͥȥ˲֪ĵطѰٸҲϣҲᳬʮ
صԴԲڣҲ˶ѡ
ͨʮرԣԴԲȽ϶ࡣǣȴʮ׵ԴԲģԼڣҲᳬһ٣
֮˭ҪҶɵ󷨣˭Ҫܹ󷨵ӵ£ô˭޵а˭һͳȺۣ
ԭ򣬱ѴҶɺƽദĽᣬҲͻȻ
ԭ򣬽Ҳ֪ɽԼö࣬ͻȻ֣Ҷɸ°˹
ԭɽҲƴǿĽҶԿҲҪûҪӽҶɵıꡭ
ԭ򣬱ûжˣռλﻹ˼ǧҶɣҲֱڣڽᣬ޷ָ
ΪΪ񣡣
֮ˣз֮¡ӪأûҶ˵ȥָӪصĻӪ󣬶ֱӼ෨Щ෨ȻԱ
෨Ա֮Ȼǿǣ׷ͨ޵ȴҲࡣԱʱͨ赲档
ͬʱҲͬ˵ˡ
ʩչͨԱ˵õᡣǣȴҪʱ䣬Ͻ㹻ǿ󷨡
ԣûʱȥԼҪģԼ²ķΪնԸӲĳЩ󷨱ը֮ԸһЩˡ
˲ʱ䣬һµķ
˲ʱ䣬ǽ챦Ҳȫ
йǽҲܲˡһµ£Լ.ϵʱ䶼ûУ̿ʼѻ꣡
󷨣ܲҲܣѣ
ʲôѣҶɹ˸Ƿûн꣬ѻֶΣӰ첻Ұ֣
꣬Ҷ˫ǶλԴԲֶζǶ¡ڣԼֶΣڵǷ켫ͲרĽᣬʱɵۡ(δ1675.֮
ɵ۵ʱ䲢ܿͷӦ˹
󷨣ɱŮˣ
ͨɵĴڻͷϣֻҪҶɸ˵֣ͻɱŮˡ
Ҷɵȷû˵֣ҶɹЦ
Ѿı꣬вң
һɵˣǵһ飬ֶ֡
ûжʱ˼ողµķѾЩ׷ɱͨ޻ٵ᲻ò̲󷨣ʱȷİȫ
Ҳֻʱѡ
ᣬһָ壬֮һὫ󷨴ڸ㣡
ûлش𣬽ܲġ
ͨ޻࣬ٹһʱ䣬޳ϮЩܵסٴγ
ỹûлӦֻǣɫøѿ
ҶЦϲϣңᣬôԴԲˣ벻ףǣʶҵֶΣҷɱ㣿
᲻ɵЦһһƹƣؾ۵壬̰󷨴ҡһļϣǾһ군
ҲݣҶɷ·ֿˣǸһһīҡǧŵǸŮ
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Ҷáָոѿڶ̳˶ҶɵȫѹơûҶɣܿ˱

Ҷɵĵ¾۳ɵһ̣ѹһνҶɸҶЦЦԥģǰһ⾳͵˽ǰ
ʲôüͷ
Щ
һΣҶǰ䡣ʱоһԼĿһµĶ⾳
ʲô⣿оʮǿ󣡡
ҶаЦȻǿ󣬷ܱȱǿʮ㣬Ψд˵ȵܹ
Ҫ֪֮塣ʹַ֮⣡
аЦϵȻҪʱҶɻԴԲڶԿ
ΪַۣޱǿȥֵȺϮԼоɡ
һɱȥٴβ˳֮еͨޣûκεֵ֮˲ͱ󷨸꣡
ꡣɱͨǿһ屻٣Ҳһ
Ҳͨޱ޸ɱԭǰɱͨޡҪȻٻٿռλ棬ٵͨ޵ꡣˣǵɱٶȺҡ׵ͨᾧҲ֮
ͨҺͨѪɱֶ֮¡ռŪΨҶֱ֣ţֱֶͨΣԵþ޴ջ񣡣
ʱ˫
ֶΣ
󷨣ޡ
˿Ҷɣ᲼һ󷨣סԼıȻ󣬾Ĳ

ʦŮҪѧ󷨡ѯʡ
ʱıɴҶɵı֮СûаѽᣬûӦԽ֮ǰҶɲû
Ҳ֪ڵ쳣ҪҶѧ󷨣ԴԴϵͨýеη壬ǽһưҶɳɱ
ҲܲôͿԶӦЩͨˣҶҲʧȥ˻ʱ
ѧ᣿ҶЦٰʮʱ䣬֪ûϣţ
꣬λʦ˵סķ֮⣬ͥи·ǿҪĶطšǣȴû˵ĸǿ˷֮⣡
졢ħЩԴԲڣҲûմ˵ܡֻǿԲܹ֮˷֮Դȴûƿ÷֮⡣
ΪˣΪ챦ŻôΪˣ֮УҲûղжټԱǿս
Ȼ˵ҲԴԲڡǣܸ졢ħЩԴԲᲢ𣿾ʮţ츳˵ãٰʮʱ䣬Ҳδܹκͻƣ
һͷͨ޵˾޴ڶͨ޹ɱֻҪһʮʱ䣬Ҿܾһ
ɽһսȻգҲʵӵ˸ӼʵĸһʮʱҵıٿԽ׵Դʮ㡣ʱû׼ƿصһ򣬶ʮ򣡰򣡡
űľпӣľΪпӡӵʮ򡢰ģֻһܽԴԲƾǱ޵İҶɾӵսľģ
Ҷɵ뷨ܺãǣʮģɱʱͨ޺սַش仯(δ1676.
һڹⴳУ֮ǵûаڹϢ֮һڹݺݻУ˲
ʲôҶɾĪ
ޣҶɻһѾϢģ˳̫ǿˣôͰ˳
ޡʲô㼶ҶŬȥǵڹ⣬ǣȴʲôûп
൱ԴԲûԴԲ
Ҷɲһ˵ޣԼֵܹ
εҡҡͷ˵ֻðȥǸطˣ㲻Ҫ
䣬ͽҶɸԶݶȥ
ιιιҵûջҶɼе
ǵֵޣǶ
Ҷεҡҡͷһֵ

˲ԼĪʱʱ䣬;֪Ӳ˶ͷͨ޵ķڣ䵽˵ϡ
ĿӣҶɲʵ˭ôǿȻֵطھɿ󣿡
ѵ֪߽֮ͨǿߵĵطüʡ
ǺǣˣͨɡҲӦֻ֪б
˵ͷͲҶɵϡ
ͨֻǿ޲СҪ͵ɱͨޡޣֻһɡǣȴнӽһٸǿʲôԣ
ȻָԼҶʮ־ȡ˽ѵ֮Ҷɲģ˽Ự̺ŵ⡣
ԭͨеǿߣԴԲͨᾧֻҪӵޣܽԴԲ
ҶⷬѿڶĻҲýǲ졣ûϵԼһû˵͸ĽѵȻҶ֮ͨĲ졣
ûȽӦҶɾּ˵ȥԭͨ޽ûܿԲ׽ޣԣתѡͨޣСѾ˰ɣŻԴԲԵŻôŭôţ
ֱʱҶɷ֪ʮĽᣬΪʲô᲻Լκν͵Ļᣬһ־ԼɱΪֻ޺СãǽܲܽԴԲĹؼ
ӣǴһԼ򵥵һ仰ȻҶô飡
ͺǴûҶһϸϸ£úõĴҶһһڵ˵ͷûСѾ׳ޡСΪһ壬Ҿͽ׵ԴԲ׽ޣֻҪ޲ĸԸĵ֮УҲûκϣ׵ԴԲ
лָ㣡Ҷɹ˹֣һƽ
Ӻˣа룬Ϊʲôһﲻ˳Լ׸ͨޣ
ҲûʱվҶġܿ죬ȺҪ׷ɱ
ǽȥСģ
Ҳû˵ҪСʲôҶֻøڽĺ棬һĿӵ˽ȥ
û߼ǿҶȵӭǴʱҶԾɱԴʮһͽ׵սҲͻбб
ֻԱǣҪߵøһЩȴ
˵ţŲͣ
鷳ˡҶɰüͷ
Ҫ֪Ҷɵʵ粢ûдﵽԴʮһͽסʱֻܹ־Ϊʮʱ䡣ʮ֮ͱһʱ䣬ܼǿս
ԣֱڣҶɻҪܵıⳤʱսرڣǸо֮⣬ҶѾûκáһҶôб³õĴҵ֮У
ϣߵʱĲҪ̫˿ռλУǽǧͷͨ޵ʬ壬Ҷֻõķȥ롣
ֻǣʵǲпġ
ͣ˽ʮʱ䣬ǰִƬƬĺ⣬ỹû˿ͣ˼
ᣬϢһ°ɣѾܲˣҶɽп಻
Խߣ͸ȣҡҶɾ籬֮ʵսҪԴʮһͽ״ڡʱѾ޷ǰУ
ͣ½Ųʵ㲻ǿԸɽϺüغô޷ȥˣ
ѵ֪ܸ֮ܡڣʣһ֮ûëǮôκΣЪЪȻߡ
ҪЪЪˣû˭㣡˵ţǺ˸ĵطȥ
Ҷɲɵüͷ塭(δ1677.ı㣡
޿κΣҶǿ֧ţŽȥ
ǰ룬ڣǰһƬ
ǵܶǣĿ֮ȴܶıԵ
ʶû˶ôԽԽǰʶֻҪ뿪ɾ룬ͻᱻ鴵ɢ
ܹչȥľ뵹ǸԶһЩǣ룬ԶۿԶ
ҵĿӦÿԿһ֮ľ˵ܶкü
ϸֻܶһߴǧɣٰʮҲΧ£ľ޴ʯĴţʮ׳ۡ
ܶĶϣļʯҵҶɼҪЩʯȻûб䵽ء֤Щʯһֲ飡
ڽҶ߽޴ܶ˼֮Ҷɷŷ֣ǰȻһµΣͨ·
Ҷɺͽᶼǿߣһҵǿߣͨ·֮ϣͨ·̫խһ㡣Щǿߣֻ޻֮ľ޴ڣû߹ͨ·
αСߣѾ췽ҹ̷޷顣ҶĸоǽԴԲĴڣֵطҲѾ޷ʩչ֮
û뵽ϾȻԼԴԲյءѹ֡ЩԴԲΪ϶ܼͻƣ
ҶɰţԾ̾
е̾ģֻĻն񣬸ǰ˵Ŀֲ
ԣȻȻγɵľ͵صܶǣȴд˹ھĺۼҶڵĻֻ£ӵаϸǧꡣҲĿ
СխխͨϣҶһߵԼ鷳һϸ۲Զ˹ۼ
ǵͰɽͣǻŵĵҽֻγɵĺ̶ֻҪϸȥܿЩϹǿֺۼ
ͺ֪Ҷɾ̾ǰ˵Ƶã߹խխ֮ͨ󣬽һο˵˵ʢһֻϵɾ֮Ļϵһｨ񼣡㿴˹ۼЩ񼣱ĨɱĲࡣЩ࣬ûʲô
Ĩɱ񼣲ࣿҶɲʵʲôĨɱЩ񼣣
ȻпҪĶ
ҶҪ׷ʵʱԭѾʮȵ磬Ȼøֻ͡Ϣʱ䣬ҶɾȻʹ죡
ٿǽᣬѾһʽϵͨסԼ塣ǣҲⲻ졣һϮɫĳΪˮĽ֮ϡ͹µԼɼɵ˸档
~~~
һǻ衣ѾͷΪԴˡ
ҶɺٺһЦȲ裬Ҳȥǽ˵ĽᡣĿԶҪԸҵΣ֮ڡ
ǣΣգ
ܶеȣԵжһ£սԴʮһ߽µǿߣû취뵽
ȻѰͨޣѰޡ棬档
ѵĻϵͨޣ
Ҷɰţϸ
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ǣҲҪӡһ棬ǸͲ֪ǻ᲻ӵһӿֲĵطһ棬ֻԴԲϣӶݡ㣬ӵԽ죬Խ죡
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ʱĽᣬѾҶĥÿ첻ˣѾɥʧǵ˼

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ƿԼıҶɵĵһҪ·Ӳȥ
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ȥҶЦţΪǿģԼ
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㻹ûеū͵ľ򡣡
Ҷҡҡͷ΢΢һͱͷ˻
ʱѾȫ仯ʱıָܻղܵشҶɵıֶΣ᲻òϽʱĵ·ȥ
ճӪأûκΣաǣŸոճȥɾʱһĺĻѸٳ˽ǰ

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Ȼ󡭡
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ƺ׷ûпҶɡΪҶɴһеʱ֮С
˵ǲʱգҶߵ·֮ϣҲӦڡ˵ͣϢ磬ôΪʱյĸı䣬Ȼʧ
žǳԽԴֶ֮ΣǽۿԴ֪βܳԽԴ֮
Դ֪ԴܣܳԽԴ֮ǾԴǿ߶֪顣ֻǣҶɻûôֱ۵ģᵽԽԴ֮
ʱҶɣҲѾȺԴԲˡ²һԴԲԴԲȫ䡣
ԣʱҶѾܹΪ׼ȷжϳԴԲܹʲôܹ׼ȷжԼߵ·ԴԲ޷ٳǿ֮·
ԼڿռλеĽᡣʱԾɻԲѡ
ᲢûΣգҶǰԤŵĲһԭҶҪᣬȡλԶĲ֮͡Ȼλ֮ͣҶȴܲµõ˾㲻ɽҲ϶ɽйأ
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˵ɱ˽ᣬ򵥵ѡ񡣵ɱҶɵ˼ҶҲΪĴŹ
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·ÿһξ룬һԽĵطأǵ꽪ӵܣŻͨ
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ԥһ̤ͷϵ֮ҶɵȻ
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աҶҡҡͷȷʵûƭңصܶԴԲС
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ԽΣգԽʺɽһսҵĸȻޱʵ˵ԴԲˮ׼Ķսܹ̼ǺʵĹ׼ֹ
Դʮһ߽סнǿսҶɶûлùջɴ˿ɼԴԲս벻ľ޴ջ
ɢȥһֻӥȴͬʱӦֻӥ˵ֻܽʱĥһ
ȻֻǶʱĥҶҲͲ㶯ռλеĺöͳͳ˳ʼΪԼһֵĹ챦Ҷɲ֪ǣʼ챦ʼĥԼʱһЩǿߣ뵽ص֮ܶ
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һʮˣһɫԴʮһ߽״ڡֻҪܹӵһͷޣܿǾΪԴԲڣ
ԣǵĵӸһЩǷ֣Ԫ˧ɽԽһĿ֮ǵһʱ䣬ȻͲסģ뵽صܶ
ɽİ뷨Դʮһ߽״ڻкЩǣܶĴǿߡǿԽ룬Խпȵȵã
Ҷɵһγǻӥʱһʮˣ˵һսԼʱ䣬ʣµİ˸ϣҲմѪĺۼǿԴʮһ߽׵ǾȻûЩѪ飡
ƣ˺ۡǰ˸˺˵ڻȵɳʯϣȴ˷ܲѣ
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ĻϵֲĻϵɳʯҲȫϺõĻϵ䱦Ϊ֮࣬׬ôϵǲУ
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Ҫ֪ӥ̺ŵĻŨѰ֮⣬ӥѹֻһֻѰްˣ޶㲻ϡ
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Ҳ˵ЩһͨͨĴڡҵ֮Уǿ߱벻κһ˿֮
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֪ԽǿĴڣԷ֮ԽǿֲһԴԲھ˯ˣҲһ԰ıɱǲ㼶һЩǿҪԴԲڣǸԴԲͲó֣ķ֮ܽʬΣ
Ҳ˵ԽǿĴڣԽǿ֮ȥ
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ˣǲ硣ˣĸǿ߿
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ģҶʶλ档ǳص֮ܶУԲŴﵽһֲ˼ĸ߶ȡ
ģٴŵԴԲڶ޷֮ͨʱҶɾԽʶһεܻܶܿԼ춨³ԽԴǿ
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ڵңѾһֻӥֻǣӥٶ̫졣ֻӥҾΪ
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ʮǰѭ⴦Ӫءܿͷ֣⴦Ӫصķǿ󵽿ԵֵϮ
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ʱɽʮ˷ܡΪԼҵ֮أ
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Ψɽʸ𼶴ڷ֪һսĿĵʲôôһֱһϵĿĵʲô
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ЩܣᲢ֪ԣҶҲûܴӽл֪ԣҶɿӪֻһṩȫϵĵطûȥ롣
ɽ֪ЩܣɽΪԼԽ˳ԽԴԲˡǣϸоһ֮ɽ֣ﲢ֮ء
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ԣɽʼѰϵԣɽҪӪسǰ֮أ
Ҫ˵ɽĺܲûȥңǷųһЩǿ߰ȥҡ
ҶɲͬɽĿռλǿߡǿģﵽԴʮһ߽סҶɽһսɽһë˲ˣȻܱƵɽۼǿɽһǿĵˣô϶ὫԼռλеǿǵȡԼս
ڣҪĲսԣЩﵽԴʮһǿǶ˳뷨Ҳܼ򵥣˾пܿһЩҵ
ǣܿ죬ͺȻ֣ͼ뿪ӪصǿߣȫһǿĺĻɻûЩǿ䵽棬ǾѾһغɢ
ʱɽɵۡææĴоţææµµʮȻ֣ԼȻҲ߲ȥ
׸ôȥǸ֮ص
һŭɽȻ䣬Ŀ⳯һȥ(δ1683.ܶ
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磬ﲻ̫ԶһЩϢ˹ЩҵϢ֮УɽҶɵϢ
겻ȻǿȻѾصܶкֱײ
ϸֱһǻҵϢɽĵóĽۡ
ԴԲڣȻʱҶɾ뽪ӪػвһءȻɽҲû͸ĿҶɵЩʲôǣƾ⵭ģҵһϢ˾ȷĽۣ
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ȫˣɱսҶɣҲúܶеĸʽϾǶֻЩѰ޷ݡľѡ
ǣҶɾͶϸ߷壬һܶòĳ嶯
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ĥһҶѡ˸϶ûԴԲڵĵط磬˹ȥ

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ԭʮˣʮһ߽ףʮʮһнסҹϵİʮһͽ״ڡ
ս꣬ʮҹϵĶҵˣаʮһ߽׵ĶţǺܲ
ȥǰ̽·ǿߣȥһȻǼٴǰǧڷûΣ֮ǲŸԱ˸ȫϢ
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mdֻһʯӡѹûΣգ
ΣľսûΣҲҪ֡صܶоգ˶ѾЩ̫ȶˡ
ʯӲǱߣ㲻ҪǼˣ
Узݣ¾һʯͷҲҪͳͳȥ

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ȻʱһϢϮȥǸɫļһһͷԵڵϡ
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ת֮䣬ʮ꣡
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ĵطʵڻ׽ǣѱǣѰ档
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Цǣһᰵ㣡
㲻㣡ҶɴЦŻ˻֣ὫٶĲ΢΢
ҶɺܿЦݣ˵˵һȥҪ㵱ȷʵҪһټһһҽӣƾһңǵҵʱȥ
˵ͷһ֡
һϵķ֣ȿԵֵͻȻϮֿԽһЩ¶ȡΪŮޣǺ䤱ģڽ֮ϣȻܲ׵
˵ʮصܶеֻź촽˵ˣӦ֪Ȼҵ䡣ǣкܶ飬ȴ֪
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷѾˣ㽫ɢˡֻƴ֪ԭ⣡
ܼ򵥵ֶΣȴһʵõģ˿ԼֶΡ
Ҫ֪ԽǿĴڣԽǾ޴һĳЩɢɢ޴ӵ֮УҪЩɢ˵ļؾۻжôѣ
ҲǲֻҪѵʱʵǸ֡Ҷûôʱ䣬ԣȻ֪ʵǣȴûȥƴռ䡣
ݸһЦ˵ЩУйص״϶ġ
ŶԸꡣҶ͵һüʶ˵ؿ϶ͬѰ
΢΢Цѷ챾ڣΪ꼸λ뼸λ֮ĵڶ񶷣˳
ʱҽڵĵػ緢͵ؾͽԼ֮ļλ˲ɱ֪жô޴󣡡
Ҷɾ;ãԼͫײȻŴ
˼ǣǵ̽ҽӣѰ·
ҡҡͷ֮£ߵдܡ۽ͣϢ֮߾Ȼȥ̽һĪֵҽӣ
˫Ȼ̽ˣҶɲʵˣһʲôֱӺϲˡ
ǰҺϲҲûʲôϡ档ɣ塢ڶࡣ˵˷̫
ǾûʲôˡῩЦҲˣֻ֪ҽӿ̽ңҽп϶˲ɱԴԲܣ
Ҷɺʵ̽
ǵȻЦģǰҽλֻ̽ϧҽҵ˴Ļϵ֮⣬ҲûѰʲôⶫ
Ҷɲ΢΢üͷ˵ûǿ޴ڣ
Ҳһ΢ЦӦϾǸûһͷܶޣҽﵽûУҲͬ˵
һ١˵̽һЩջǾػҽӿĴ¹ɡ
յķ࣬۽ӿɷΪǿģɱԴԲһԴ˲ɱôԴԲ֮һ緢Ҳûгֹԣ޴Ѱ
ڶġǿԴԲ˵緢ÿһһΡ̽ǰʱ䡣̽ǣҲǡȲ㼶緢
ͺˣֻܻɱʮһ߽״ڡ㼶緢
Ҷɳʵû֤ɣ
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ûⷽļ䡣ҡͷ˵ұϾֻոսԴԲãĹɾԴԲĳ֮Ϊ𡣶λ֮󣬻һʢʽǸʽ֮Ҳܻ׼֪Ϣ
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˵ֻ취ɽ֪ܵͣܡҪսʤͺЩѣ䱾ꣿϼѣ
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ƳɡԴʮһ߽챦ⲻҶκδϾѾװһ֧ߴ˵ģȫװ
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Ҷɾʵжɣ
ſһʱɡ
ҶɲɵðԵһҲ̫ˡ
Ц˵ģ۽ڵĻϵ󾧡ͱϵĻϵ󾧣ſԼ֮һҵʱ䡣ԣȰ˻ͱڿ󾧡˵ʮȫװȥ̽ѰҲ١
ĥ󿳲񹤣ǺǳԵĵҶɵ˵ͷʶһͱȥ
ܿ죬ͷһЩϵ󾧡
Ȼͬ죡ԴһҶɾ͵ͷޡΪʦ׾ͿЩ󾧵Ĳ
ǵȻ°͡԰ģǻܵػ緢Ӱĵطһ£ԴԲܻ˵緢Ļϵ󾧱ʲôģֻҪܹĻϵ󾧣¹ȥͨҲѾΪޱȵĿˣ
Ҷ̾һ䣬ɳȥһ
ͬͨڵľʽһǧһӣһһǧ˵ܿͽһƬĻϵھ˻ȻǺСģǣȴһЩ󾧵۽ӵ档
ҶҡͷʮɶһɣЧͣ
Ѿܲˡȴʮ־죬뵱꣬Ǽλڴھ󾧣˵ʮɶɡǲŻ˵ûҪðգ
ȷֻԴԲðաҡԴԲҪִҲҪѺܳʱ䡣Ͼܹ硣ǿߣ£ֻҶôһѡ
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Ҫ֮в׿ھֻҪܹ˵ֵסھЩϵ󾧣
һѿҽ֮С
ҡͷ˵ϵҲסЩˡ
Ҷ̲ס˵ֲǱϵǿߡҪڴˣ϶ᵲסЩˣ
ǱʶҶΪȻԼٶȼ侪ˡǣԼǼӿ϶Ҳͬ졣ڵ˵ʲеĻͱҶԺ
ϾҶѾ̽ԼӵиıǱʵ
ҶҲѾˣָıܿܲǵʱܷ֡ͺñȵº£Ǿ뿪Ҷ֮󣬷ֳԼǱ
ৣһ˽ǰ
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ˣôǻǣӵк
ѰǿߣҲܵĳڣЩ϶ȱҪ
˵һ𣬱ͻܲƵĴۡһмԸ
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ᰵҡҡͷŵص״ѷԵҵһҽƽҪµҽ
һȣȻ֮䣬Ҷɵ
ôˣԭͷжҶɣʱȻ׷˹
ٺ٣ҷһصĿ󾧡ȱȥ۽ˣֿ󾧣
һɫĿ󾧣Ȼ뵽˽ġ
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ֻɫѾʮ֡
Ҫ֪ǻ磬Ŀ󾧶ǻϵ󾧡Ҳ˵ЩӦǺɫġ
Ҳɫ󾧣Ǻɫ󾧡ɫǳͬԴжϳ̺ŵŨȡ
ǣɫĿ󾧡
ȻǿĶ̺У
ķֳһʶ᲻ɵɫ΢䡣
̺ŵĶأѾɱԴʮ۷弶ǿߣ
ȻԴʮһĸڿԵֵֶصϮɱǣⶾؼһЩͨɱһԴʮһڣ
ֻԴԲܳ׵סֶصвˣѵƶ÷Ҳһ޶ͨѯʡ
Ҳֺܶ࣬жڱȽƧһࡣϾܹвԴĶزԣǿսԼ̫࣬ǿ߻ר
û룬ҶȴٺЦţҡҡͷֻԡ
ʱ;ԼеСˡ(δ1686.ҽޣһ
ԣЩأѰ·
˵ȴû˵ƺԽԽӦū澵Ľɫ

ҽӣֻѰͱڣͺȥ˽ʮʱ䡣
⻹ΪҶɿԦ磬ڿɳһýҲһеĺôٶȲûиǧ˰ʱ䣬ͱڶû취ϡ
ʮѰҵĿ󾧣󲿷ֶǺɫ󾧣ֻвһɵĿ󾧳ֳɫ
ǣЩٵɫȴҶɴ˰ЩҶõ֮Ȼ˶ʮ򣡣
ʮԼصܶԣҶɾѾԺѹᡣʮʱῴҶɵǳľη
ýᾴηģֻǷӴ󣬻з㼶
Դʮһ߽ף
ҶڽԼռ㣡
ʮԴʮһ߽״ڣҶṩεӴȻԴʮһ߽׵ԴԲһشԾǣ㹻ǿѰԴԲҲ˱ᣡ
ýᾴηģЩװ
ڿ󾧣챦ǽĽ顣ԭΪҪƳ㹻ǿ챦ƾҶһˣҪܳʱ䡣
ǣýû뵽ǣҶٶȺܿ죬Ҷǿ챦ٶȸ졣ԭ챦ԶԶȲǣڶʮ۳ʱڶʮƵǿ챦ҲͬʱƳ
Ƕʮ̬죬챦
ʱʱ̶̿ŵɸ󡭡
ὥʶ뿪˵صܶʧȥ˵̣ԼҲδܹʤҶɣ
ʱҶɵıﵽ˺־磿
ҶûҲʱʱ̶̿ű״̬ԣĿҶɵʵԴʮŲнף
ֻʮŲнףѾһ޷սʤĸо˵һ㣬ͿɵĽɱ
ᰵԿЦšҡҡͷ
һ⣬ΪҵĥʯǣǰѵûзĥʯĥһĥѾȥ
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ܶҶйӴǿ߶ƵĸоǸҶɽӴǿߣڤڤ֮Ҳͬпʶһ㡣
ɽĴڣ
κβ㼶ǿߣ޵Ǻεȵ˺εͨĪľ쵽ԼĵˣԼˡ
֡ڤڤ֮СĸоԺηûһֻ֪֪ĳЩʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬ԼͻĪӦһЩرϢº֤ЩĪðϢʮȷ
Ҷ˵ڶʮ󲻾ãɽҲĪĸоһ־塣
־ĸоģûָ־Դ
оĴҲܶݣ˲ٷ֮һɲǵʱ䡣
ǣɽȴ͵ؾã־Ҷɣ
ǿˣǿвҵˣɽ÷˼
뵱꣬ԼɱҶɺ޻֮ʱŹȥ˶ꣿ
ʮʱ䣬ڴ˵Ȳ㼶ǿ˵ֱͲֵһᣡ
ǣɽˡ
ܿܣҵ֮أ
ɽΨĽץڶ̶̼ʮʱ棬ҶͻͽԽԼ
վһߣұطҲһܹͻͽ
ڣɽҧҧʼʩԼ˵ģӪصΣֶΣ
һ˶ҷ𡣿ǣһҳɹˣҷǵսһпҵ֮أ
ɽ˫֮˸֮⣬һ·ãԼֱ˵ǸڱɽпĽСʿ
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ڣҶɺͽ˿ʼҽӡ
ˣ棬ǿɾû취֮ˡᵣĵ˵Щҽƶٶ쳣ѸͣǺܾܿ޷ҵǣ
Ҷܹ֮ҵôܶޣǿ߶̽ȴһͷܶ޶ûϣԭ򣬾ΪЩǿߵٶԶԶȲҶɡ
ΪӪֻҵЩƶĻľԼЩֻϤСΧڵص㣬û취ܳȥ̫ԶѰޡ
ЩܶǿƶķΧ̫ˣǸܹǰܳʱ䣬ʹϸ΢仯вսǿĴڳԼԡҵļУûἰܶ޵Ĵڡ
ĵĺеʱҶյֻص㣬ҽ֮վȫʧȥáһ˺ܳʱ䣬ͷܻһա
Ȼ˵šġȴǴá֪ôġǾãҶɿ϶а취
Ȼڽεע֮£Ҷ΢΢ЦݾߣҾͲǶǺƢ
ᾪȵʵôճ۽βܴݾߣ
֮Уǿ߾Ͳòֳܴһȥ֮ԣڵص֮ܶߣŻ쳣Σա
۽֮СҪֳĵ֮͸Ǳ޴ˣЩ̽أôܺķôʱ䣿
ȷڵҶѾǿˡǿ󵽽ѾоԼ޷սʤǿԶɽ˶оֲ
ǣ뵱ǼȣҶɵսǿǼֶõսȡҶɵսС׼ףֵһᣡ
ڽῴҶЩԴˡھȷʵʱ򡣽Ѿ˰취Ҷһ̨ףΪҶһΡ
ǣýû뵽ǣԼķʣҶԾ΢Ц
ΪʲôҪ۽Ҷ΢΢Ц˵ص磬ѵͲΪã
ԼôӲӿ쫷԰Ѻˮ߿ա˵ص磬ѵͲܽճ۽һͿѵͲܰ۽֮еȳ
ʱ䣬;ãҶ˶ƺøߴ˫֮Уе޷ε¶˳
Ҷ΢΢üһһʽͨ뽪ڡܿ죬ͽ侲
ǰҺôܡ
ǣɵ÷һ˿ɬ
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һΣҶǶʮһһԶ磡
һδ󵨵ĳԣҶɻû˴Χģĸıơ
һķ򲢲Ҷȹı䡭
Ȼȹǰı䣬Ǹıʱȴ΢ôһ
£Ҷʮͻһ룡
Ȼľʹ˰ȫĵطǣ׳һĻʱǾԼŵ˼㡣ƺãⲻϾۼһ𣬲ϵ󣬲ϵĳҽƶȥ쫷磬ͻὫԼȥ
ѹҽЩθ룬ȻԴԲҲ޼ɵԭĴںܶɱԴԲ֣
ҽӵһ緢ԽԴԲ˲ɱǣǵ緢Ѿ֪೤ʱûзˡԣڽصܶʱڿ޴ҽӵʱ򣬽ûиоνš
ǣ쫷磬ԶԶ쫷ʶȻҽԶٳһ緢ص֮ܶУҲͬڿɱԴԲ
֪ǿǣǲҲһУ
ҶǰƺԵЩ޴ǡܹɾԴԲô޴ڣ
ԶǽεĿֲ쫷磬治⣬Ѹ뵽
˵ҽеǿǣҲƿֲֶΣ
ʱ䣬ҪٱǣûüȥͺȻоˡһɿֲҽȻ𣡣
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һ쫷Ƚϵģͬʮ־޴ҽݺݵײǵûʽƶҽڵ쫷֮ϣ
ǿ쫷Ȼɷ顣ҽСһ룬ȴǿֲ쳣ԶԶĿһԾܹԼ˲ɱҽںӰߵҶȻײ˹ȥ
Σգ᲻ɵûʧɫִ
ʱҶҲѾĲΣաһҽոճҽӵʱѾԶ롣ıո뿪ͬʱǵȻײҽҶɸովŵĵطҶڿҽ󷽲Ŷܣ϶Ҳܲȥ
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϶ڸֻǲ֪һֻҽޡ޹ͬʩΪ
ҪǼҽ޽ֻһͷôֱӻ뿪ǧ˰ʱͱٻˡҪֻ֪ôһҶɵĶʮѾ˽֮һ
˵ǳϣЩˡǣҶȴʮղֻһͷ۽˷ˣôԼӵٶҲֻһ;
Ҷü˼ʱ򣬽ᳯ߼ͬʱҽоȻֳһҽ
ᣬȥ
̧һŵ˻ȥ
ԶҽͲǳŽԣȫˡ
Ҷȴܰȫȵķ֣һµҽвɱԼ;ɢȥĿֲƣ
ãѾЩ޸
ɲ֮䣬ҶɾġЩҽеޡɲ֮䣬Ҷɾ͡ˣЩҪʲô
ľ֮ӡ֮ڹؼʱַЧ˲ʱ䣬ҶɾʶԼܹµҽ׺ɢԼ;뵽Ӱȫĵطȥ
ʮ˲ͱҶɸ˻ҶɵĿռλа¾еʱѹȽù
һͷԴʮһ߽׵ޣҲͬҶɵİڲ֮£ԼȻ˵ǵԵùС˵㡣ǣʱ˿̣ÿһܸҶɴİȫУ
Ϊľ֮ԵʣҶֲ֪ӵİȫвҰο翡ԽԽǿİȫУԤʾԼԽԽпܽµҽ״ݻ٣
ȻҶҲȫľ֮ļǵãľ֮Լһööӡ˵Լ·ˣԼ޼ƿʩˡǣԼȴһֱڣ
ܻڣһΣ϶ûκα
ǿ֧ǿǿ۳һ㡣
һ
δйľ޴һ֮Сǧ֮һɲ֮һǵҽݺݵײһ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ľ޴Ȼ𣬿һŨĹ֮Уȴ̲ŲηḻĶֻһҳײҶȴһγײ֮Уǵҽĺ
ڻˡҶɰĨ˰亹ϽŸԶҽӵķ롣
ǣҶУֻɳȥ˼ʮʱ򣬽ἱʹĶ
ˣģ
ҶɺȻھԼԶĵطԼոѹûвκ״ĵطͻȻһҽȻ֣(δ1687.ҽޣ
ͻȻ״Ҷɴһ̾ʶЩҽʹʲôر֮ܡ
ܹҵܼ֮ʱҽѽߣ½ͺѳȥ
ҶȻ˦񸫣ȻԶ統ʱһǣȴҲԽϮɱҽ÷顣
ǣҶȴûоɡʮֻҪ˵һϮɱôϮɱ϶ͻԴԴϣ
ȻҶɲֻոշɳȥǧʱ򣬽ľһ
࣡Ҳ࣡
鼱֮£ֻ˶ݼԵĽϮмҽûʱк
ҶҲͷʮͨһͨ죬ҸҽԼ񸫳ѡ̵ҽʧȥ׹䵽˵ϡʱ䣬ԭӲޱȵĵ棬ͱЩҽ̳һǳһİӡ
Ҷɵɫѿ
ܽҽȫޣǵĹˣ
ֻ乥ԽԽ͵Ĺ
Ҫ֪ղżν棬ҽĹҽҶɵͨޡԣȻսڰϣǣȴûһرҽڳʲôӳ
һΣССǳǳӡҶɵʶкȻ֣
ҶʮһԼͨһλҪһЩǣһεĽȴԶһôɾζʲô
ӣӣӣ
ͱѣʱֻӡ
Ӷ֮еҶҲͦġ
Ϊľ֮ԵʣЩҽޡǵܶ࣬ͷǵľҲ֮һԴʮһ߽ף඼Դʮһнס
ǡԶܸԼᲢܹۡһЩЩҽޣЩССҽ֮ǰϮɱȥĽˣﻹб˷ˣ
һεģҶʶص֮ܶС֮㵽жôҪ

һ߼ٷӣҶһЩԽԽҽսʤ֮ʱվһߣǣȴѾͷҽ޵ɺĿԽԽˣ
ֿҪǰǵҽ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ˹һʱϮɱΪһ۳ҽȡʱ䣡
ҪǱǶУһٸֵֵҲ϶ˣ
һµʱĶԺ䳡档ҶɾͲ
ƺҲѾ˲һֱԶȻһƹҶɣҽȥ
ʱĽᣬҲѾյ˲ַ֮⡣ɵҲͬӽ˲ٵ֮
ϾǴԣһЩ䡣ôı϶ҪܲСķ֮
ŽЩԶԶ˹ȥҶҲûж˵ʲôʱ˿̣ЩҽĺȻϮѾѣﻹϾȥȽ᣿
˵ҶɻǽᵱԼսƷʱĽᣬҶеĵλûеµĵλߡ
ܿ죬ķͳҽ趨λЩҽ޿϶ڣղҽֵĵطҲʱѰңһҽʱײϼͷҽޣ
ԴԲķǿȻ֮ȱ٣ҲѰʮһ߽Ҫöࡣ
£⼸ܺɨҽˡǣճҽȴĵ̫
䡭
ȵҽȻһҽ˳𡣽ͷԴʮһн׵ҽ޺ʮɲǵʱ䣬ȻԽʧһսʱһ䣡
һ䣬ı˺ܴĳ΢΢ףȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ܺãв޶ˣ
ΪĽ֣Ҷɣת˽ᣡ
ʱҶߵõ˻⡣ǣҶɺܿʶȥ˶Ҫ군
ᣬսߣ
΢΢һ㶣ҶΪʲôҪô˵ԼƾܵˣȻҶԶԶ뿪ȥһͻսһ䣬ҲͲʲôΣˡ
ǣȴƵãʵִҶɵ
ܿ죬֪ԭ򡭡
ҽԽԽˣ
ԭķĵطദǿհסڣԼԼģҽΧ˹
ҡҶǱϮЩΧҽޣ϶ǰЩϮҶɵҽޡΪҶǱߵѹҲû˿ͣ
ֻͻȻϮЧԲһЩҽ޾ѾӦ˹
ԣȻҽ޲ûкܸߵǡǣЩޡͨȣȴ࣡
֪ΪʲôҶҪԼս˵ġԼķȫսôҶǱƱػܱǰöѹһҶ޷˳Ϊ֮شԼҲûܱҶɾȳȥ
ǣս˾ذܾ֣
صģҶǱ߿˹ȥⲻãһһӾʹסˡ
ˡɱ˻ȥ
ʱ䡣Ҷɿ϶ǷˡԽԽΪʲô취ӵøһЩӵøԶһЩȴͷƵ÷ɱ˻ȥڽῴʱ־ֻѪûǵǿ߲Ż飡
ҶɵĺȻɱȫ߸ҶڽеĹڽῴҶֽƻģܹԽԼö㼶ǿɱռһڡȻ֮䣬Ҷȴҡһ䣬һֻó壬ɱɱɱѪç
Ҷç
Ŀһ֮󣬽ӵľȣ
˵ϢԽԽ
սڱϢڱ˫ۿúǼԼ֮ܵûɥʧҪΪҶ˸ѿǣܵĵطȥˡ
ڣޱȷţǾҶɵı
ýʮֲǣΪʲôսϢȴԽԽ
׵ǣΪʲôҶҪԼϢС޷⣬ҶôľĿġ
ȴ֪Ҷɲç򣡣
˵ʲô
ĬĬĿţĬĬĵȴ
һֱȵҶɽԼϢúڣˡ
ҽ޵ĹĿȫתˣ
һԼڵķϮɱҽ৵һӾͱɷɷסɲʶֻð֡ӣ
ұӣǶ˧;ԼӺݺݵһᣬ৵һӾ˳ǰʲôԭҪɱԭҪ꣬ԭҪȻɱ
Ϊת뷨˰Ľ֮⣬ԣͻıԴҵ̬ȡ꣬Ϊ˰ɽ뽪ӪأıȥײŷڣͬΪԼҵһӣ
ڽᱯţڽ˼ŵʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬һĺǳ⴫ʶ
ᣬڷʲôսˣ϶೤ʱ䣬;Ӷ೤ʱ䣡
ʵĽᣬһγҶɵķȥȻ֣ǸϢѾüֱǲڵҶɣȻûгԶӶݣǳҽӼ˹ȥ
ûң
ˮܿ죬ͺݺݵĨһᣬչΣЩԶԶϮҽӶȦȦ
˿϶뷴ɱЩҽޣһҪȥ
ڡ᳹ˡҶ֮ҪԼϢΪ͵͵۷ȥɱЩҽӵҽޣ
ʱ˿̣ỹΪʲô֮û취Щҽ޵׷ɱǣϢЩҽ޾ͬϹһ㣬ܲˡʱ˿ֻ̣֪ԼӵʱԽջһսʤϣԽ󣡣

Ҷеķ֡
ľ֮ûиҶκʾҶɾֻԼһЩֵķҶɵܲܿͲԼϢʱԼܵĹٶȾͻԱһ㡣
ǣҶɴ󵨲²⣬ЩҽǿϢǿѡǷ񷢶ѡ񷢶ǿĹ
ҶϣԼŵϢ΢ʱЩҽ޾ͷˡСԼתĿ꣬תȥϢǿĽᣡ
˵û۳ôǿ쫷磬ЩҽҲͲۼһ֮ԾۼΪǲǿϢ
ʼϢҶɶʱʶ쫷ǽҽޡĶڡҽǼȻϹˣԼͲܰװ˷ѵղǸ
սǸӦϢȻŹֵĵطͻŹֵޣ
ҶһҽǱ߼ȥһҡͷ̾һ̣һˣԼ˵Ǿ仰
ǿ֮У㡣ֻҪҵ㣬ǿΣ
˵ʱ˿̣Ҷɵ㹻ǿ󣡣
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ܿ죬ҶɾͻصҽӰ
ıŬߣķҲͬٸЩҽèèһЩҽӵĸǱȥһЩݷɵҽӵıϿա
һЩҽҲ׷ɱҶɾͿֻߴʮɵģ¶̵ҽŵޣ뽪ķǼս
ҶɿЩҽ֪Щ޵׳ʲôģܽǰΪľ֮Щϵһ𡣲ҶȴܿǵľΪ
ȽӽԴԲˣѹָ֮㣬ɱҽ
ЩޣȻľ֮Щ޸ǿ
ҶطҽӰʱЩҽЮ͵ҽ棬Žһݺݵĺɱȥķһɫأһϵ
Դӽ˵ص֮ܶ󣬽ϾֻʹñϵıϵҲȷܹԸЩľݡ
ǣûҶɰ£ֱЩڵϵ޾ЩˡʱŵģһȺڳҽ֮УǿԻԴԲҽηҽޣ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
һӨݺײЩҽ֮ϣǣܿЩϵƮɢЩҽ޵嶼ûܻС
ȻѾʮ֡ԣķһּ߽˼ʽͨһ߼ٵķɢӿҪЩҽһɢ
ʱҶɸϵˣҶɳˣ
꣬ɱɱɱ
ʮѸٽЩҽΧꡢ֮֮ؼЩҽѾӦ˹Ѿʼƴȫĵط塣ǣһͷҽ޽ҳɱ֮⣬ͷҽ޶Ҷ˱꣡
ǿ֮ȴôЩҽޣϻѰİʮһ߽ף
ܿ죬Ҷɾ׼ȷжϳЩҽ޵ĳȺսԾΪռ˵֮㡣ЩҽϣҶɵһʶ뿪ҽӣЩҽԾɿӵе֮㣡
ѹ׷ɱҵôԶľ룬ԭҽӰľ룬Ҳͬӵе֮㡭֪ǵãԶ쵽ʲôطȥ
ܿ죬ҶɾһԼϢͬʱķǴȥһ
ԶӰķߣһ£뿪Զľ룬ǾͲټ׷ɱ㣡
Զ͵ĵ˵ͷԶҽӰķ򼲷ɶȥ(δ1688.ҽޣ
һ·ݷɣҽӰԼʱЩʱʱֵҽֹͣ׷
ǰȫ룡
һһͷ˴ͷ
塢Ϊʲôӱԭڣرڶӡ
ޡ顭ǧ棬壬ЩҲͬƣıԣͨǣ塢ȽϣǵȴҪһЩ
һ̣֪̾ˣôõѡǻ塢ǿû׼ֻ뵽ߴΪ׼ҽǼȦˡ
ǣȴ֪ȦӵѾԷˡҪģôͷػأͻϮ
ͷĴͷողõʱ򣬽ı̴˹
ննն
һ޴ĽӰŰȥֱʱǽ޵ıʲźչţ
ʱ䣬ͷҽ޾ͱЩǿĽӰնǧΡýҶɶеʮֳԾǣٶξȻܿ䶯ǧС˲ٵҽޣ
ѵЩҽ޸ࣿ
ղţҶҲ˲ҽޡЩҽ޵ʬжϣĵȷȷһ޴ޡ
ڣ³ҽȴǧСҽޣⲻò˽ϵһ
ǧͷСҽޣһ棬볯ϮɱͿһȻóһµҽޣԼ͹
ǻû
ϾԴԲڣȻܴҶ֣֮ǣͨԾɴڡ
һ߻ӽЩͨһ߰Ծȡ
ֻһЩǲߵޣôᶮûͨ
Ҫ֪ǽϸߵյͨ塢ǿߣ̲ߣҲѧͨ
ԡĹ֮еޡͨȻȴûͨмôһЩʩչͨͬڣǵսܹɣ
ڣͨҽǣѹ˲ʱ࣡
츳ͨޣ
ܣҽΧ᲻ɫ΢䡣ֻ߳һΪһâֱָĳһ֮ţıͼ׷棬ҪЩҽ޵İΧгɱȥ
ڽ֪Ψޡǵµӵлͨʮڣǲðֶͨںڻ֮ͨȥ
ԣƽֶξǡ򵥴ֱûзͨںСƾ֮ܣ赲һԴԲڣ
˵ԴԲڻ˲ͬӵܡͨ
ΪͨԣҶɵ֮ҽ޵乥ȫɿơ
ҲΪͨԣԾأһҰѳȥûκ⡣ǡ
׷Լһ⼲۶ȥɲ֮ǧǰԾǻƬƬأ
᲻ɵкȻͨôǿ󣿡
½ԴԲзҪЩʸԴԲҪǣΨƻõֶΣڼΪԲжһݶ
ҶɣҲʮֶͨΡ˺ֶܶΣΨһ˸ɸɾԣǰҶɲŻԥӽĸֺȱ
ڣǵµҽǣȻû
ڽͷ𾪵ʱҶҲѾ˶ߡǽһ⻷ƼۣǵתȦζʲôζţѾױ
ʱ䣬ҶɾʶЩ³ɱҽǣǵ㿳ǧ˰ٶΣӵз˼Ļ֮ܣ
һӲѡ
ϢҶɣûһ˿һĹȻҶɾ뽪ľҲ̫ԶȻһɱǰһҽ޵ҶɶǽᡣǣЩ³ɱҽǣȻֻΧŽҶ
ٴμٴνһҽ޸ͳͳɱεʼ磬һ̵ĴӴͷ뿪ȥ
ҶɵľԮνʱǣȴԾܵ˲СĴˡʱȫԸսˣֻܽõĴͷԶ뿪ȥ
ҶҲھ봫ͷԶĵطһ³ֵҽ޸ӹ졣ôҲòʱ롣
ͷѾֻҪЩûִͷڡôǾѾڲ֮أ
ҶĬĬţĵȴһҽ޵ĳ֡(δ1689.ҽܵ
ÿһҽޣҶɴһȫµġ顱ÿһȫ¡顱пܽҶ޵Ԩ
Ϣܹ֮ãߵĴͷһֱͨ˳üҶɾֻǰǱӶˡܲӵˣǾֻ֪
ҲػصģܵЩȫ¡顱ԽЩҽ޽棬Խоѡ
Ҳ֪ЩǵµѧЩͨȫ츳ͨҲ̫˵㣡
һһҽޣȥ࣬ӵеȴྶͥ˵Щȥ༫ͬ۽ǣһӵȫͬ츳ͨҲ̫˵㡣
ɣôϡŹ֣ǿֻͨѧϰ
ǵ£ѧϰͺñȣһ̲ôǿߣһпѧϰյͨܶʱ򣬵õ˼㣬ǺЩ׳յĴڣҲһпܻó۲ѵľ޴ɾͣ
Ŀⲻɵǿҽӵ񣬳޾㽡
ܹ뵽ģҶҲһܹ뵽ǣ뽪᲻ͬǣҶӵľ֮ܶ£ǰӦԼ޷ر
һʼָӦģ
ɱ˵ʮҽ޺ҶڡˡһҽԺη
ǡһض죡
ʮһҽ޻ûдҽгɱʱҶɾ˳ǵ·ӡŵĵط
էȥһƬһ޼ʵȻĮǣҶȴܸܵĮŵΣգ
仰˵òƻĮĵطģЩҽ޸ӿֲĴڣ
Щҽ޵ľΪѾȽӽԴԲˡѲɣǸض֮дԴԲ
֮ࡣҶɸᴫ˵ԭɱĽᣬԥβҶɣɴͷ뿪

Ӧô죿
ҶɰԼ֪ȫ˽ᣬһξĶǵսԽֽ䱸ҲԳ嵭һЩ
ЩΪҶԼΪҶԼоΣն֣
ˡܾǰĳλ˵֮Թ֮ŸӺΰĿģ룬ǸطܾܿռĿĽϵ
ʱҲѾԼҶɿܲǿߡֻǣҶûἰҲװֻ֪ʱʵǹڼˣ֮䡣᷽ű֣ԼѾԼܡ
ҶҲνһ㣬սĲǿԼʵѾ޹ؽҪھֱλҶҲѾӵһʤգ
ռĿģҶüͷѵĿĲΪ˽ޣ𼶴ڣ
ΪΰĿģǻʲô𰸲Զ
Ѿʼ᲻ᣬҽΪ
ȵĿ⣬ڶ֮ĵطȥ
һҶɻ˵ͷпܣҲͽˣΪʲôЩ̽أϧﻨôʱ䣡
Ȼ˵ȼĴڣѾûԪǣҲ˷ʱ䡣
ԣֻһֿԣ
찡ԭ峤ڴ˵صĿģΪѰҳԽԴķ
²ֹˡҶҡҡͷڴ˵صĿģΪȫ弯峬Խ磬뵽Ӹ߲εĵطȥ
ãԼҪˡڴڵĴ˼˵˵ҽѾ뵽˸ߵĲȥпܣҽ滹оΰȫȥ찡찡Ȼ
Ծɼ֣ҶȴѾƽ
Ҳܺ⣬Ͼһȫ嶼ܳԽԴôܳѹ壬Ϊף
磬ͥгӤǣԴµĴǨ˸߲εĵطȥôδĺǣ𲽾ǳԽԴĴڣ
㽪ûܻϿ°ȥףѡԽԴԲ֮Ҳ֪Ǹǻ
ҶɵƽΪδԼ־塣Ȼ˵ֿ־岢ûеõľ֧֮֡ǣûлع飬Լ֧Ҷɵ²⣡
ģҲ侲֪ΪʲôҶûдԼֱӲĸض죬ѡ˵ȫشϸۡ
ĬĬ˼һҧ촽˵ˣΣȥ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷҪ˵ЩʲôͻȻãԼ·׹ߣ(δ1690.ɽ֣
Ҷʶľ֮ڸԼʾ
ΣԺη
ܿ죬һΥ˵ӰҶɵʶи˳
ɽȻ˳
ҶɲҶ룬̾ʾ⽪Լ
ľ֮Ȼܵģľ֮ʾȴ׼ȷҶţ׹ߵĸоǼٵġԼԾɴԼܿͻᱻɽӽʲôȥ
Ի֪Ϊʲô˵˵ţҶɾͺȻʾԼͽҽӵķ塣˵ҪȥҽܵأӦôͷٴȥŶԡ
ûѯʲôҲûκε顣ʱ˿̣ƺѾȫȫģӦū澵Ľɫôͻʵʵô
ڽȥ֮󣬽᷽ʶԼūԡͷ룬üǰūԾѾ֡
ЩЩã֮УūҲԼüΣūԣ׸Ǹ
ڽЩҵʱһ޴ĺȻѡͷһԼովŵĵطȻһƬıǣ
⣬⡭Իˣ⵽˭ɵģ
ܿ죬֪Ĵ𰸡ɽŵԶȻ
ᣬӲˣ
ɽᾪľΪ
ûľΪ˲٣Ҷɳĵ˵ͷŲͣЪ£㽪Ӫأӵ˲ֽ
ʲôᾪȵĽŲһ򣬲ûˤڵأӪأҲģ
Ҷȥ˽һѣЦʸҲ¡ɽ϶֪ռĿġԣɽľоԴĿĵֶΣ
ĺܴɽٶȺܿ죬ɽ˵ĶԻ˸ϳңһǿԸһ·
͵أҶɶסΣߣȻ֪ҴȻҵ˵ٻ
֮ɫɽ˫һΪҶɵ򶨸еԾ
ܿɽְ־ȸԺˡϾ뵱ȡԼսȻǧٱ
Ҫ֪ɽ׷ýǱӴܣղòӽĹ֮뵱꣬ʱֻȥʮѡԼսǧٱǽսܹӼɣ
ҶɣֱӾͱɽӵˡɽҶֻһܴġòֶεǿߡɽʵս棬Ҷɸֵһᡣ
£ɽҲٸҶɶ¡˫ֱӽᣬЦʣᣬһӵʲôطȥ
սŵԼ޷Ħɽʱ˿̣Ȼ֣Լū־ԼһΣ
뿪ҾѾȥ
ֻǲ߳壬ҾѾȥ
ʱ䣬ȫˣҶɵҪʲôǿĵˣ˶ǣ޷£
ҲҪӡ΢΢ҡҡͷɽҽվˣѲɣ㻹ɱң
ɽȻŭҪֻɱǣѾ˵ҺôҲ𼶴ˣΪҽһ᲻ҵĶ̬ߣڣҽѾɱ˵صܶ
ʱɽЩԥˡ
ȷɽǿȥѾǿ壬ȥҽа塣ڣǸ˵ԼЩʸԴԲҪǿ
ǣǿӪأͬɽ˲СʮĵطһԼӮˣҲᰵ˱ش
ʱɽκʱ򶼡ǱԭΪǿ˽Ӫأ
Ӫ֮УҸܵ˳ԽԴԲĿܡӵ޿ܣҷŸ
뵽ɽɫĺȵѻ£ߣ
ɽԼôӦҲˡϾ˵սȽϣȵӿţ
ǣɽû뵽ǡ
ɽȻҶӲܣҪڲ尡ǿУȻĽЦ
ʲôӣ
ɽ㵵ĳҶɿȥѣѽշˣ
㲻𣿡ҶЦӦ
£ɽҡҡͷô㣬ڱصáϰ󷨷׳ҲһҪ꣬ѻ䣡ӦÿԸоõܽᣬҲܶùң
˵֮䣬ɽľѹøǿ󡣴ʱ˿̣ҶɸƴܣҲӳȥء
ΣǣҶɵıȴӵɡЦݣӵı䡣
һսģǡҶָָɽ⣬͸Ͻ
ȻһҽӺȻ˳(δ1691.Įֲɳ
Ҷɺͽ˫˫ˣӵǽһɼ졣
ڸɽԻʱԼϢ
ʵôҲСʱ˿̣ɽͺǺҹеһ¡ҶɺͽССףЩҽ޵ע⣡
ʱ˿̣ɽҽӣҶԤϵǿޱȡȻÿһҽӶȲϵǵҽǣЩҽӵĹȴѾԶԶ˵ǵҽ
˵һͷͷҾ޵˺ӰھӰڵʱԾɿҽӵԣ
ͻϮɽ벻ܿͱһҽӸͷת
Ȼһͷͷӵǿͨҽޣһʱ䣬ɽҲ
ҶѣܿͲһµĴͷ󡣵ӰǱߵȡ˺Ӧ֮˿̤˽ȥģɽŭ

ڻĮ֮Уһʱ䣬Ҷɺͽᶼ֪ıߡ
һ̤ĮǾĮ֮Сۿȥ˷ȫһģûж
Ҷľ֮ܲһǻĮģͬǻĮûΣա
ⲻǻ
Ҷɺͽķȷϣ֮ڣĵȷȷûκΣ
ˣѡߡҶεİҡҡͷŽ·
һ죬ʲôû
˵ڶ죬˼ͷҽޡ
ĮɳʯأཬأЩҽ޶Ǵ
ЩҽѾҽ˲СԵľɫ
ҽһɫĶǻ죬¶˸â
ҽޣɫȴĮɫΪơǵƾȥѷǸĮɳʯʲô
ʵЩҽ޵ķӦ
ЩҽޣڷǿϢֺ󣬾սੲݡ
ǣҽڿҶɺͽ󣬾Ȼû¶ʲô⡣
ˣҲûϢЩҽôѱһͷҽ޵Դѯʡ
Ҷ֪ԭֲ֪Щҽת˼Ȧ鿴һͬܲ⡣
ˡоˣǼǰҶɰ˰֣ʾ⽪ǰߡ
ʵôҲͷʮһ߽׵ޡ˲һֱҪռ𣿡
뵱꣬ѱһͷڣ̧־ŪͷΪʲôӶ
ҪĶҶҡҡͷ˭֪һĶ᲻ͬ飿
ʱͱͨ졣
صܶУһر䡣һȡܶеŮὥһַ״̬֮С
ַ״̬ԭʼ׼뵱꣬ǶʮǿҪϼĸŮޣ⻹ֻyin.Ĵ󱬷Ǽ̽Ѱܣôͻụ࿴˳ۣͻΪһֱ֣
ԣ꽪ҶɽصܶʱŻᰵʾҶɲҪ̫ණֻҪõò࣬Ҷȴ˵ǳ̫鷳
ȵҶɾӵô֮ڿ޼ɵȡֶЩջ࣬ȴûзҵĵġ
ͬˣ뵽صҽܵأ˭֪ȡĶ᲻ʲô
ᵹڴǿһЩʮǷʲôԼݸ飬ֻԶĲԼ

뿪ǰСϸʱ䣬˾ͻᷢȵҽޡЩҽ޵£һĶûκιԡ
ŷţȻ˵֪ЩΪʲôʵʵѰôʱˡ飬ֻҪóȻ֣Щҽ޾˳úܣûκвԡһЩҽͳͳŭˣҵ⸣ضڣֻҪû˿ԼЩҽ޸ȥû뵽⸣ض
ҶɺǺЦǣ֣ҲҲЩҽޡ˵ŭǣ˭赲ɽ
ҲЦ
νĴݾ֮Ȼգȴ˴ô
ĿĵУȻ֮䣬Ҷɺͽᶼסˡ
ǰʲô
֮У˵ʶܵչȥ˵Լܽʶչ֮⡣
˵ʶǰ֮ĵط͵ײһǿѹѹȻһӾͽ˵ʶ˺˵ˣ
ûоʶײʲôʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬ֲȺĲǹǿѹȻԼ߹䱼ǰٶȣȻ˿ɽ
ʲôҶɺͽ
ǹѹвûκڵļҲ˵ǹѹ˲κһ塣
ܿ죬˾֪Ĵ𰸡
Ȼɳ
ʲôЦʲôʱһɳҲɽǰֲǿˣ
룬ܿųԽԴܡˣɳҲǿզ࣬Ҳûʲôϡˡ
ֻɲǵʱ䣬ɳͿҪ嵽ҶɺͽĽǰ˾ͿһƬɫķ۳Ѹδ߾Ǻ¡¡ŭ֮
Ҳû취㣬ɳϮٶʵ̫졣
Ҫ֪ɳٶȣǰɽٶȴ¡ɽ׷ɱȻľ֮ǰӦ˹ǣҶɸȴֻӳȥһڶء
仰˵ȫܣӳȥأͻᱻֲɳ׷
ǺɳٵǰʱҶɺͽҲκιͨģĬľ˫˫ʩչԼ弱׹ȥ
һ׹䵽棬Ƶؾɳķʩչ˳һʱ䣬ɰʯ׷ɣһģСɳ
Իҵ׹֮УȻҶյ˽
ˣƺɳ
ﴫҶɲ㶡
ûľ֮Ԥ飿Ҫ֪һɳʵ̫ˡϽܣܾܿͻᱻɳ֮ȥ
һ䵽ʵأҶɾͲ֪Լ׻ܲˡ
Ҷ΢΢һĹͨѾ򿪵棬ȥ
ҲͬѸƿɰʯµ˵ص¡ܿͼ֮˳ɳĴӶȥ
һ߼ӣỹһ߼˵ˣЩߣѱһͷҽޣܣ
һ·ϣҽҲͰˡǣƫƫһͷҽ޳ӡǰҽշߣɵڶСѱˡ
Ȼͷҽ˵ģ
Ҷɲԥ֮ٶȵ׷ȥ(δ1692.Դͷ֮أһ
׷ɳһ߼ٷɶݣҶһ
׷ϡͣһ£ƺͷҽһ½Ȼ˵ɳ𽥱ʱ򣬾Ϳɳ壡
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˵ֵʱҲͬ÷˼
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ǣ֮󡣾˵ǵǿ߽ײ֮ԺʣҲû˭ἰ
Ͼںǧĵ壬ѾԼֻ֮ҪԼ޵ԽԽǿȻԽԽǿһר壿
ڽ˵ֵʱҲ㱾ãǲԼ˵ˣǲⷨŽǵµҽôԼҶǿûκã
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ˣʲô
ӣֵᾪˡģѲҶҪȥô
Ҷ΢΢ЦţҡҡͷǵȻҪ壬ǵĵǵĵ໥Ӧ֮ǻ壿
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˵˼ǣЩҽ֮ԻǿͨΪɳ壿һһҽ޵ͨͬΪһһεɳĵͬ
ҶɵͷЦһεɳУҸӦһֻԵƣɳϴҽǡͻ֮ӵлͨ˭ڴ˵ǿȥһԼı
˵ͷЦ˵˵صĻԵصɳҲ֪ʲôطʲôʱ򣬻ǵϵɳ
ûʱȡҶҡҡͷ˵½ԴֻҪҵЩɳԴͷֱǵĵ򡣡
ǡӦδѰңһµϵɳοЦͲ֪ת˼ΡҪҵ·¸û
õҶɹЦνʶ;ҽС϶ʶ;һʱ䣬϶ɹҽޣɳʱķȥѰɳԴͷ
˶٣Ҷֳ˵һɣҸӦЩΣգɳԴͷδս
Ȼǣصϥ
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ʱţת۾͹ȥʱ䡣
Ҷɵı徳ԴʮŲнףҲһλص˶ʮ
ľѾ޷İ˷֮˽⣬۳˼Ϊսһ
ڽҪȥ۳ͬҶǰʱȻɫ΢΢һ
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ʲôط

ҶɺǺЦȻĳٶȱҸ찡
ʱҶɵʶչҲӵİأ쵽һٶʮѡ
ӯӯӦ˷ģū澾Υ棡
ҶЦЦҲٶ˵¡
һЩҽԶֻͣͣѰʲô
ҶûǷ˻κΣҽѰʲôصױءڣȴʮֻҪβЩҽǰУпҵǳɳԴͷ֮أ
ˣʱ˿̣һ֪ʲôطĿĵùءɳԳֵ쾰󣡣
ҶɣΪԲŻ˵ղǷ־ǿѾ֪սǿֻʱģԤǿǿ֮Ϊʵķˮ룡
Ųţ㼶ǿ˵ѾԵ޹ؽҪˡϾԴԲֲ㼶ôţǰ֮·ҲѾ￴Կˡ
ĵţȥʱʱ䣬Щҽ޲ҵǰ߹·ߣ뵱ǳɳͬ
Ѿ֤Щҽ׷ԴѰҵǳɳĳʼԴֻǲ֪ǵܹܲɹ
Щɱȥҽޣ¾ҵɳԴͷҽޡ֮Ը;޴ΪԴͷ֮ػջˣû׼ҲֻҵԴͷ֮أǲҵ뿪⸣ضŻߣȳȥ֮һҪɽʬΣ
ͷϷҽޣŽĵϸҶ˼ĵ˵ͷ(δ1693.Դͷ֮أ
ҽжԣصµֻǷֳһʶסǣ󲿷ֵľԾɷСֻǣʱʱ䣬Ǿͻʩչ֮ЩԶȥҽޡ
ʱ䣬⿴ƿ²šģһֱҶɿռλеĻ裬ѾԴʮ㡣ҶɵľΪǼȽӽԴԲ
ǧѰңȻһáЩҽҪɱѵ˼㣡
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ҶҲû뵽Ѿϰüͷ΢塣
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Ҫ취ȻҶվ
ҲææվˣȥѰң
Ҷɵ˵ͷҲ㣬ҷǿߣһ£Ҫȥ֮׵̽ѰһѰȥ»Ҵ£
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Ҫ֪֮ͨҲû취ټҶɵһһ˵˵ϸǧʱҲ㲻ʲô顣ǡþȥǻʲôõıʡ
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ԶģǱǼˡȻʦǣ¥˭֪ǧʱȥˡ֮ݱʲôģ
ΪԼоˣ֮˼ΣաԡҶЩ˽˵飡
뿪ͨȥ֮ü΢壬˵֮ܡǿ뿪ͨ꣬뿪ġǣˡڴԵѵ˲ǳԽԴԲֶΣȻȥ飿Ҫ֪ĴԵΨд˵زŻڣ
ԵѵãȰҲд
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Ҹҿ϶ֵطΨһҶЦңҸҿ϶طҲкû֮֡ѰҵĴܵأ¸Ͳ
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ǲ⣬ҪѯʡǣҶȴҲ˵飬ܿ˵档
𡭡
ҽŭȻս֪صµһѾǺüǧʱ䡣
͸ɣǶǺƽߣǼƽϡڣΪʲôͻȻð˳ΪʲôǸеϣһ˿ζ
ҽǵĺУûг೤ʱ䡣ܿ죬ŭãȡҶɺͽƮȻԶȥǲ֪ԼǲӦøȥ
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һ꣬ûʲô֡ڣһͷҽ޶ûз֣
ûз֣ķ֡ɳԴͷ֮أ϶⸽
ڶ꣬Ҷŵһɹ˼ȦȻҵһʮصĿͨ
ˣôǿҵɳǴôխͨӿ϶ûʹǬͨ᲻ɵòѯʡ
ɳֻҪѲӵĵӳˣҶЦ˵ûҽҪȷʵѡҪҵҪĪҪ봩ҲҪĪڴǾͱսߣ
ۿͨҶɵľ֮һηӦˣ֡Σաĳ档
һε龰
ǱԾһƬĮǣǻĮ֮ȴһǿ顣ƤϵĿû׼ɳݻɣɳ֮Ϊɳˣ
ǱߵҽޣȻҽޡЩҽޣȴЩɳ˵Щɳ˵裬Щɳ˵սߣ
ҶɸˣΪʲôЩûѰٵҽܵءǣԼȴһӾҵطֻΪЩɳֻ롰Ϣǿߡ򽻵
ҹƣֻпвضĴڣŻᱻ뵽⸣ض˵ǻֱӰǵȴǵĴ֮УĨɱ
Щ𣬿ͦǣһЩɳЩս㲻ʲôЩԼҲС
꣬Ҷ쫷ȴȫͬǵصܶȻǿصӵǿ
ɳʮϽ䲻ϵӱǿôͻݱвضĿֲ쫷磡
ԣɳǵһЩҽޡԣɳǽɳһЩս衣
ֻϧЩǿ֮󣬹ȴ֡ƽϰߡԣϢǿĴڣǾͲᡣ
ԵʣҾͲܰȫȫĽ뵽⸣ضǷֳһȫһȴΣķ
ͨľ֮šһߵΣҶ֪ԼֵùǿơôԼͲˣ
ҲЦô˵ɽǱԴԴϵҽ޸ɱˣЩɳ˵ذΧ֮УĨɱˣ
Ҷɵ˵ͷûҲã
ǵʡȴ顣ЦһʵǣˣǸιȥ
ȡ

һȣʱ䡣ĿһΣǻҵĵδͨӿǿɳƬڶ֮ڣҶɳ˵ͷ
ҲֻʱǱߵɳǲųȥ˲֪ľ롣Ҳͬ£ЩܹǿɳĻҵ
ʵϣЩҵЩɳռõȻ㵹֮ͨȥҶɵĲ²⣬ǱߵʱУÿһʱͻһЩҵĵռӵĵطȥö֮Ǳߵʱվͻ᳹ױ
ڣΪʲôߵʱղΪҵԼЩɳΪʲôѡȫʱվסͲҶܹˡʱҲûȤûʱȥоЩ⡣
һǰһĬխͨζȥԼĪʮϢʱ䣬վǱߵĻĮ֮ϡ
ûͣ˶೤ʱ䣬ЩɳǾͻػش˵ءܿͶ߳ȥ˺üǧأȻһƬʱһͣЪ(δ1694.Դͷ֮أ
ʱҹ
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̽ʶһˮ飬½Һɵ󡣾οͨˮ飬ҶɷΣա
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ҲѰûиӦκصĶ
ǣʱ˿̣Ŀ¶ȣѾ½˼͵ĳ̶ȡѾ˼ı⡣
ԶˮΣȴ̵ơ˾޴ֻмԽص
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עӣҶаȻɳˣ
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ҶɺͽҲûʱʲôɳ˴ɱٶȺܿ졣¹֮£ɳֳУһɭĺ⡣һ˫˫ɺ۾˸ѪĹâ
ɱ
ΪǿꡣЩһľΪٶԴʮһн׵ɳǣҶɺͽ˼һģһ
һͽӰӽֳл
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ͨɱɳǵҶɵͨɱɳǵꡣ˵˵޷죬ЩԴʮһнףһԴʮһ߽׵ɳǣ޷˵ͨ࿹⡣
ǣҶɺͽΪܿɳǾͻʧصģ˿ɱһѪ·ӰȫĵؽʱȻЩɳҲڿն߿շȥ
÷Ϻⲻܣ
ԴԲĽᣬĽӰͨôܱԾܹȥ
ѾӽԴԲҶɡİ֮ôܱԾܹȥ
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Զɳ˵ҲͰˣЩɳˣҶɵһȻֻǵزǵıȴû飡
Ҫ֪뵱꣬ҶɵһμһʱǱԼΪ߳Ļ٣Ҳѣ걻ܡڣЩɳ˾Ȼֻǵز
һͨǣֻб飬ռ䱻٣һͨʩչءǰȴȫͬӵ谭ֱȥꡢ꣡
ս֮УҶҲûʱȥ˼ΪʲôɳǵܹסԼһݵľȹܿһμ˰֮Щɳ˵һһ顣
漴ҶɽЩɳ˵ĵջصԼĿռλȥ
һţҶɻһҲЩɳˣúоһû׼дջ񣡡
ƴӣһ߿ոɳǵһ߽ɳ˵ĵռ
˵ǡ١ʵ졣ֻҪЩɳԶһЩǲǿԿɢǻԾıܿ˵ֺɱ
ֻЩɱ˸ɳˣŻᱻɱٶȣǰʮɳ˴Ҫüʱʱնɱɾ
ҶɺͽˣܹɱʱȻǷ񶨣
Ҫ֪ɳˣֻǰʮѡҶľ֮ɳˣپϰ֮࣡
˵ǰЩɳʵСǵֶι죬ֻҪκһԴԲʱ䣬Խնɱɾ
ҶɵꡰɳˣһȴżֲľΪɵɳˣӵаʮһ߽׵дɳˣӵԴԲĿֲս
ŵ˵ԴԲڡԴԲȫҲʮ֮һ
ĵطĴڡ
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Ҷ֪սʱ̫һЩɳǳԼҲѲ˵ڵҶֻǼȽӽԴԲǣҶѾɾԴԲˣҲûֽᣬӴԴԲɳ˶ս
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
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⼸εĽ̸֮УҶѾ¶ˣֿ뷨ȻǲʣǣԹ԰ȴҲûκεİ취

໣
ɳߵˣ˻֮ңĵطʱȻ֮䣬Щɳ˾վԭأ
ʲôѯʡ
ԭҶҲ֪ЩɳҪʲôǣܿ죬ľ֮˷Ӧ
ãӣ
Ҷɫ䣬̳Զ˲ƶȥ
ҲԥģβҶɼٶߡ˲֮Ȼоһֲ׷ϡ
ģǾȻһԱɱУ
ûͷʶܿӵһŵɳˣǿ˹ȻǾһŵԱ
Դʮһ߽׵ԱǺεȵ
ֻһԱôѰʮһ߽׾ͻشҶּȽӽԴԲǿߣӵõ
ǣһŽһŵԱÿһɳ˵಻٣һ٣
һٸԴʮһ߽׵ļԱҪҶɵҪ֪ȻҶ˷֮⣬ȴҲܡ񡱳ԴԲĳս
һŽһŵģÿһŶһٸԴʮһ߽׵ļԱȴʵԴԲη塣һ׷ϡĿֲȻֵȴʮһԼٶȣĵֵЩôԼ϶ͻᱻǺʮΧ
ԣȻԴԲڡֻҪһԴԲɳ˳֣⼸ʮɳ˴Ҿͻ׶༪٣
ԥӲĳš׷ϡĿֲβҶɱԶȥ(δ1695.޴󱦲أһ
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Ա͵ɱҪһЩηɳԱɱУ⻹⡣ǣȴϵģһŽһŵɳԱɱУ
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Ӳĵֵ׷ϡԱ֮ʱûж⡣ǣȴԱ֮ԼԽԽ
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ȻҶɳӦһٸԴԲԲŻ᲻಻٣ӹһٸɳԱ
һٸԴԲǣɵ÷˿Ц
лᡣҶɵʶƳ˽ǿЦڽδҡʱҶɾ˵ԱҪʱ䣬ҸõطǰնǵĹͷԱ
԰ôû뵽
˫ȻˣɡҵĽͨԽսնɱ
˵ţһεļǱ
ǿߣԭ޵Ķ֮֮ǣͨڵǿߣΪƽõͨᾧԵʣԣһ봫ͳ岻ͬĵ·
һǿ߶·ǽϺһȻȻҲ˲ͬĵ·
ǽޣĽͨǵԼĸĸ
ҶѾͽദ˼ǧʱ䡣һɴսỹûʩչѹ׵ĽͨһΣһٸԴԲòóѹ׵ֶΣ
ǣûȽʩչͨѾҶֹ
ֻնͷôᣬ㲻Ҫݾߣĸߣ
գգ۾ܿ졣ѾȽϤҶɱԵͺȻ˹

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˴ĮһʱеĻĮ̫һ
Ҷɺͽ˼ǧǸĮէȥ˷ࡣֻϸϸķֱ棬ҪһЩǣ׼ȷֳĲͬ
ǣĻĮȴһЩطʮƽЩطݺᡣЩطȴɽ¡𣬵ʮָӡ
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ɳ˴׷ᣬû׼ĵطиɳ˴ɱҪ֪˿뵽˼ϼˡҶֻҽӰĳһ쫷磬ɳǾɳôҽޡҶɱɳ˵ϼɳǵķӦȻӼҡ
䡭
֮ԽԽüν˲Ƶķ򶼱ԱĺײƫһЩȵǿ˲٣򡣺ܿͻҶɷ뿪
ڳʮεԱ֮Ҷɺͽ˲ƽһƬɽ֮С
ۿȥһƬɽءǣȴûһǧɵɽڡ˵ԴԲˣЩԪǿ߿ɽ࣬ȴԼĹ
ԣ󼱼׷ŵɳûʶΣաԣǵùˡ
ᣬɱɱɱ
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Щɳǲ֮ʱ޴Űǧٸ۾
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Žĳȣǿ۾֮УһС
һ״Сشνġ
԰֮ѹǵĹͷ˭ܹܣ΢Ц
һʮǧѹ˵ϣЩӹɳ֮ܣǿӦԡǣǧۼһС֮ϣСֱȡɳ˵ľһɳܹɵֵ
˵һ۾УĻֻһٱСѡС֮࣬˲ͳʮ򣡣
ãɳ˴УԴԲڼȣӵƽ֮ǿ϶ͼıˣ
ԣȻԱ޶£
ҶɺͽᶼЩܿǾͰصԺ
ɱУپ
һģһٸɳ˵Դնɱ˳ǵͬʱҶҲˡ
Ҵ
ɽ֮ҶɾȻصܶе磡
ᾪĿ˿Ҷɣ֪ҶɾȻ硣
׻Ŷܣᰵҡҡͷ

ȷЩɽ͸ͲɳǹʲôвǣЩɽ⴩еʱһ͸ӹ졣
ǿȴûдκһɽ塣Ҫ֪˲֪ٸԴԲĵطųɰǧԴʮһ߽ɳ˵ĵط
˵طɽʯļӲ̶ȿ֪
ǺЩߵͲͬݸɽǣͲϵĸıһ򡣺ܿ죬׷ɱɽɳ˴ǣ뵽˸Ӷҵ֮С
⵽ҲͰˣϾЩڡߵһЩҲһԺģɽг˳
ǣ֣Ҷô׽Ǹųȥ
ֻǻԱҲǳһԱ֮
һ£ʮȥ
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ȿȣˣҲ̫˷˰ɡ
ɱĵȷܹ񫣬һٸԴԲڴӶ֮⣬ҲûһڡǣҶȴʮĴۣ
ʮڶ̶Ϣ֮ںȻԱεΪ׳ۣΪ֮ˬˬˣɴ۹ھ޴
Ҫֱ֪ڣҶҲ۳ʮѡ
һ˷ѡҶɹЦʮȡʮɳ˵ʬ塣׬ˣ
׬ˣ
᲻գ۾ǣӦģȴҶɵıչ
չصʱ̣ܶһʱ䣬ɳ˴
һεɳ˴࣬ԴԲࡣڽῴֻǱӴˡ
ǣغҶȴ쳣ţ
ˣȫǣ
һεŰһεԱһΣҶɾȻʮ
ῴһĻôٶۣҲ϶˹ο˴
ԭЩɳʬ壬Կ۳Ȼһɳʬ壬ֹ۳һ
˵ɳ˵ڣͰ֮ܽƵңԴʮһ߽׵ɳˣ̲ŵԶͬö࣡
Ҫ֪ҶɵѾӽԴԲЩҪѰԴʮһ߽׷öࡣ
ʮֻǲʮɳʬ塣һγ֣ҶȴĵģһʮⲻζţڵҶɣѾӵʮˡⲻζţÿһɳˣʵһƶŵĴ󱦲أ
֮ľ޴󱦲أ(δ1696.޴󱦲أ
һ㶣ȻҲɵôϲ
Ҫ֪ʱĽᣬҲѾ𲽽ӽշ֮⡣ֻҪ⾳
ĺô˵ʲôƣ
᲻ȥҶɻɱɳˣ׳ޱȵԱУǻһЩ©֮㡣ɴ˫ۣרЩشɳ֡
ܿ죬ЩˡҶɼĻɱɳȣֻɨٸɳ˶ѡ
ˣչأڴĿҶɣϣҶܹ׼
ȥɣС߻ħʱ˿̣ҶԽԽ˷

ɳ˺ء
ƬĮҲ֪Բ
ƬĮҲ֪ж೤ʱŰȣûǿ߽ɱ¾
£Ŀռ䣬˵ǿɳˡм䣬Դʮһн׾СĴڣʮһ߽׵̺ԴԲĴڣҲǳǧ򣡣
Щɳ˵ҲͦߣռҵģܹвһʱմڵӵǵµĴڣ
Ƿ֣κҶɵԽԽࡣǷ֣ÿһս֮ҶɾͻɳʬռȽϣǺܿʶ£Щɳʬ˶Էķϣ
ǣɳǸı˲ԡǿʼѡΧȴԴԲǰɱⲣ
Ҷɼʶɳǵ֮ܣǱǹֵļ֮ˣԲŻᷢɳϮ
һϮɳˮ׼һ㣬ǣǼķܳԶӰ쵽Ҷɺͽᡣÿһɳ˵սҪǰһǿһȵɳǸıԣȫΧʱҶɷ֡Լ岻ȥˡ
ʱ岻ȥҲνոɳ˵ո٣۶۶١Ҷô
ԽԽãֱǧ˰ٸԴԲڣҲһһս֮
ȻҲаСһУǾͻԶݶȥǿֻҪԴԴϵȡ޴󱦲أǾɳ磡
һ죬죬졣졭
һֱɱʮ죬ڣǱߵ෨гش仯
һ֮л˳
ûǽ졣
Ҷɺͽľ۹⣬ȻԿóɳӲϾۼɡֻǣھۼĹУɳӲǹȥɳӣһ̵ּĽϡ
էȥͺʲôԻĮеɳΪʳ̳ԣ
ɳʲô
Ҷɺͽнһ²²⿴ǣȴɶͷԡ
ЩһֱڵȴԴԲĲϵִǵһ֣һԴԲ֣ôͻᶯðУԶ뿪
ڣԴԲɳûӶ٣ȴȻðһô
ܿ죬𰸽
Ȼһͨ
һ߳ǧԴԲڵͨ
ЩԴԲļ߳ҶɺͽоǿѹϵõȻһôԴԲڣõļƻ˲ʧЧ
ˣЩɳ̫ˡֲǵöЩֶβ뿪
ţһ³ֵǮԴԲᲢûиеκ¡ڰ˷ܣԼҪնɱһԴԲȻʩʩȻ뿪
뿪ҶɺȻ۾Ȼ󣬺ֽܿ˫ٺ٣Ӿ޴ıسˣΪʲôҪ뿪
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ǧԴԲɢڴÿ˶һǧҵɳ˱䣬ʱ׼
˵ӴԸǿߣлһṳ̂ԴԲѹȥͿˡȻЩԷķԱսȷսԻ͡ǣǧԴԲۼһ֮󣬻սĻͿʧЧ
ǣȴûж
ļ֮УҲûԴԲ߳ǣȴһǼ֮дݳȻЩԴԲǣĳǿڵ
˲һʱ䣬֮ҲûֵǧԴԲۣ֯ĬĬȡ
ܿ죬һӵҶɺͽǰ֡
һǶ󡣡˵Ҫǳƽǵ֮
ɱе󷨣λ˵󷨡ɴ˿ɼЩɳǴȫ׼κĻᣡ
ʶת˼ȦҶɵ˵ͷûȥ̽һ̽
ᾪȵĵɴ˫ۡ
ôδ֡ϾԻǵ΢ĩΪܰæ
˵Ҷɽ赱һСĺǻţܵʲôˡýʼأֱð
ڣԷսѾǿȳ̶ȣҶɲΪǿȴҪûȥ̽̽
ڽʮֲʱҶͷ΢˳
ֵĻᵽˡҶָָ󷨣˵һǶ̽٣֮裬ûĿʵ
󷨣΢΢üͷʦ𣬲֮ǲʮǿ󣿡
ǧԴԲֲʶǿȻʱѾ𲽳Դʮ߲ǣǿڣʶ͸ȥ
Ҷɵ˵ͷӦûǧʮ߸ԴԲİʮԴʮһ߽ף²£
һĬĬŵĽᣬϲɵ¶һ˿֮⡣
²£Ц϶Ầ£棬СĴڣܽնɱ
ǡ
£轿Цʦǿ˵ˣֻҪһ㽻񡣴ӽҾҲýʦ𣡡
Ρ
᲻ɵַͷⶼʲôʱˣȻΡ
ǣŻԶȥıӰȴãԼ
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ĳ֣ȲûЩɳ˵ע⡣Դʮ۷ڣʵ̫Сˡ
賯󷨼ٱʱ򣬻ɳ˺ǺֱЦһ̫ɵˣôϹ
ǣܿ죬ûЦܿ죬ɳ˵ɫȻ
ô᲻ˣ̷ң
ŭ֮ڴ֮д˷ָܶӵѸתţһ֮ҫ
ÿһ⣬ʹ鵽һλڡÿһֵĵطܿԴԲϮɱ
ԸһССģԴʮ۷ڣȴս󣬲νСĽˡǣЩɳǿʮ־ǣȻҲı
Ҳˣó֮ܣܲ׽ı֮ڡǣѵǣ豾ĶٶȣȻԼԴԲҪϼ֣
⡭ôܣ(δ1697.޴󱦲أ
ûʲôܡҶ΢Ц˵뵱꣬ҵľ绹ʮֵµʱһͬСǿ߽ܹ֡תƱȫʱͿռ䣬Ҳҵκ
ˣ˼ǣֻҪԸ⣬û˭ܹסᾪ˵ЩͰ͡
Ҳ̫˼ˣϾȻͨ
Ҷ΢ЦӦ٣Ҹҵû취ס
ھǳϣû˭ܹס衣Ҫ֪Ҷɺǿֲһȫǰɳ˴һ
ǣỹڲϵȴҶɵЦ˵ȻҲܲƽ˵ͨɳǻôɣ˵ܹҵ취
˵ţҶȴûȥɳ˴Ŀ⣬ʼնʵļ֮ϡ

贩еٶȲܿ죬ǣÿԴԲʾɱʱ򣬻ı͹طȥ˷ܿЩɳǾ͸ı˷ֶΡ
䣡
ɳǿߣͬһʱԼʮȻȥԭɳɳ֮ľֻѣһֺ⣬˲ͽ֮ⷨеʱȫǣ
ֻص֮հ֮㱾ãĺǳŻȥģֱԼ
ҳ𣿡
֮ɢ˵ʱ򡣽æĴѰҡܿ죬;ȵķ֣Ȼվˣ
Σգ̲ס͸
ȷ̫ΣˡȻ˵ҶѾʾˣŸӾ޴ıءǣǿرصǿߣȻѰڣ
ǧԴԲĴڣҪ¡Ǹɳǿߵսο֪
ڣɳѾҵˣǿнȳİ취ڽῴõѡǸϽ򣬵ȼǱߵģ޴󱦲صĿҲˣͻڽӣ
ǣͺûĸƵáǵû뿪Цġݺݵһ¡

ܶݵļž
ܿ죬ɳ˶ŭͺ񣬻ߵĲǼǵӡ
ܿ졣һɹһγһ޴ޱȵĿֲơɳǲֱӹǼҪѻץ
ͬʱҲһ׼һٴƶ֮СһٴγֵʱǾͬʱԼ⣡
ǧԴԲڣڰڷ֮һɲǵʱ档γһµͳһÿһԴԲϽһǧҵɳ˱䣬ǰڷ֮һɲǵʱ棬ЩԴԲҲ㹻İգбͬʱ
էȥѾڽˡǣܹһ˲ƵҶ
ܹͨ£ȫ˲Ƶ𣿡
ãʵ̫̫ѣ
ǣܿ죬ͷԼˣķǳסǵһ˲ƻһУԼҶɴȥ
ǾƸոճֵʱ򣬽ҶɺǺЦǳˣ
ʲô
ûȽᷴӦһĪĽ֮ͽı
Сֻһݻ١
ǣȴûжΪյҶɵ
ҪǻĽ֮
ֻҪӵ˿ռλǿߣӵ˽֮ıԾǿռλ֮ǽռλ֮˺ԼĿռλ֮ȥ
ֽžϵƣ򣬵Ҷ֪ڰпԼʱͿѸٽħѩ顢Էǽ
սĹƣԼԽԼ֮ǿ߰ȫ⵽ţǿܹ֮ͬչľҲԲͬ
ڣǻ㳬ǧ⣬ӿӡ֮£ܹý֮Լ
ΪѾصĸҶɣҶɣԶΨҶհˣ϶ǻĽ֮϶ʶĽɴѸٳ飡
ڽܵҶɵʱʱֹͣԼжǴĽ֮סˣǴĽ֮ܿͽҶɺͽ˹ȥ
ûȽῴĿռλ泤ʲôģͷǰɫһߣⰵӿͷϳ˿ֲѹ
Ըƣȥ
ʶ̧ͷȥʱҶһ
ͷ·ǱҶƵãոյһʱͺԥĽ˳
ǧ
һһ߳߳Ǿ޴Ƽȥ(δ1698.޴󱦲أģ
ԱҲмɵġ
ЩҶɺͽݷԱûʲôɡֱֱֻȥӽɳ˴к󣬺Ա¡
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ʱ˿̣ķһرֶΡֽԽԱ֮۳һӷḶ̌Ǿ޴ޱȵĳơ
ǧԴԲͬ۳˵¼ҹһܽƻƻ顣ǣԱ֮һ׶ݺݵ˾֮С
ʱ䣬Ǿ֮ͳЩҡǧԴԲոմ㴦Щҵʱ򣬽ڶѾɱ
ǽ󣬻ԱһΣնɱ֮һΣһͬԱʮ
Լ᲻ܶʱ۳ôϾȲҶǰҲûζȻǴֶΡ
ʮ󲿷ֶҶ͸ġ꽪һʽͨ԰ҶɵԼġʱһʽͨҶմ
ֻзֹЭٵø󱦲ءҶŽᣬҲ顣Ҷ͵ڽǾƵ֮Ƹֹס
ҲֻǶֹѣֻ־ơԽսôһǧһˣǧԴԲ۶ɵľ޴أ
ݵֹҲ㹻ˡԭǼŽͨҶɵ֮£ͨܿ˳
ãҪʥأ
ɳǾ̴ϵõǧԴԲǰ˵صļͨȻɵ˵Ķ֮·
ҪšǽȥˣҲֻ·һԴԲٺЦһɳǿߡ
ǡһһֱڡ
û˰ѻֹȫǸԴԲھߵ
ܿ죬

Ҷɵ˵ֶֺЩɳǵԤϡԭ˶ãҶɺͽ϶ѡͻΧҡǱӶѾԤƵˣʲôرֶΣܴôǿΧ֮ԣǰһǶ󡣴ƵҶɺͽ֮ܡ
û룬Ȼð˸衣ǹŹֵֶΣ˶
ͨٴδ򿪣Ҷɶ˵ͽͽս˿ռλȥֱδ֪磬ȺĻû׼ͻᱻʲôֶθɢ
ҶϡԼʱɳ˴ǣûܵһʱֹԼ
ڳҶɲġΪͨľ֮Ѿǰ֪ŵģһ޴ޱȵԹ
ľ֮ӳʷǧԴԲɳ˽Թ֮УҲͬСά衣˵ɳǲû޴Թ˵ԹڳԽԴĴڣ
ҶһԽԴڵǿͨȻҶ֮ҶȴûκĿȥǽͨҶѾȽӽԴԲҲûκĿԲףֶͨΣ
Ȼľ֮ӳԹԴԲ޷ڡֻҪԹ֮УǧԹ֮ΧҶɣ
ʵϣڶӴԹʱҶɻͣһ¡ʮϣɳǻӾֱ룬һ׷ɱԼһԼпܽԹ֮⼸ɳ˴ͳͳɱ
ֻϧҶɹԹڴվ˲ʮϢʱ䣬ȴûзһɳǿ׷ɱ
ȥǰǿϧ
εҡҡͷҶ߽ӴԹ֮С
Ȼľ֮ľӳԹĴǣҶȴʮӳͼȥߣ϶ᱻԹס
ԽԴǿ߲õԹ϶ʱʱԻ仯ԹҰչȥͼȥߣֻԽԽƫ뵽·ߵľȥ
ԹɲʲôãԹаſɱԴԲĻأ
ľ֮ôʱ˿̣쾡µ˳ҶɻԹʱ۾վһȻһµԹͼͺȻʶиֳ
ȫȷľ֮ǳԽԴߣҿԴ֤ԴĿԽԴ֮
Ҷɰţֱ߿ȥ(δ1699.޴󱦲أ壩
ԹΣգԹҲбء
Ҷ˵ģɱɳõıظӾ޴ıأһʹԹ֮СֻϧҶֻܲ౦شڣȴͨľ֮ǰЩء
ӹһŻ֮ǰͨվһҶɹϵѡұͨ
һʯң
ͨľͷȻһʯڿУ˸ŻƵĹâ
ǱأΣգ
ҶһξվһȻ͹ϵѡʯң
ԹеΣգֻΪߴ·Σաеȷбأȡ֮ʱŻἤգ
ľ֮ӳҶԼоʯеıãػصȴԼֵܵԣԥķʯҡ
ǰߣһӳʮͨ
Ҷ֪ӴԹԹпѡͨͬ
ң˼ǣľ֮ķӦͨԽǶ࣬Խǿѡ֡Ӧ׶Բԣֻ֤һˡ
һΣҶɲɣ߽ܿҲͨ
ǧأҶٴοһеʯҡʯɢĹâһɭɭϢǣҶʯԱ߾֮ȴѡʯң
ޣ
ʯҴŸոմ򿪡Ҷɾͱǰľˣ
Ҷʹӽѧͨ޵ķҲ֪ޱٶǶôѸݣǶô
һΣʮͷʵʵĶʯ۰ͰͿҶɣֱһĺӡ
ҶЩûˣϾûģ˽ļʶޡ뵱꣬Ĺ֮бϮֻܿһڹȥģûĿͷ޵ʵģ
ǣҶɰѽ˳
찡ôޣһ;סԼ͡
ʮͷܶ𣿡Ҷɺ
ȻܶˣͷҪ֪һͷ޾ܳɾһԴԲͨУҲӵʮԴԲļ壡
ϸϸĴһʮͷޡʮƶ˵ң⻹ǿѱޡ˵ĳطץޣȻɾԴԲһΪϹࡣû룬Ĵޣ
ЩޣٿҶɣáԼĶˡΪҶԽԽµʵҲͬΪҶԽԽµ
ˣֻҪǿ޵ЩϡôǵԭΡ꣬ʮ꣬˾ӵʮԴԲ£
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ôӴԴ
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ү͸˵ľ޴󱦲أ뿪ҽ֮ܵ󣬱ؽɨ֮ͨ˵ŵùᣬԸȥ˵ҡӽ󣬽ԸΪǣִޣ۳ҽ
ЦһؾȻʮͷޡٶ෢ּ˱أҡƨ
ȻѾԼĶҶɡǣԭỹûѽұҶɵĸӹϾǸӴļ塣ޱȵɽҲֻϲѣŸȥҽа塣
ҶôǿҲǹ¼ҹ˶ѡ׼ȷЩ˵֪ҶҲЩ׷ߡǣڽͨڵĴҶɵЩ׷ߣеޣ
ڣͬˡ
ʮͷޣʯңٿԶʱգ·𿴵ҶɽָĳԪ˧󶼡Ȼǿڷӵ
Ҷ֪뷨ǣ֪Լѹûµġ
һֱҶֻҪ˽һЩ飬ȻǰȵĹӡֻԼǰߣݱģ˵ʵܹȥһֱصͥȥҶɿ϶ԥ뿪
᰸ħ֮Ĺϵ˫ȵĴڣҵĴڣԼǰܹ˷跢ʹĹϵҶڵսնɱᰣħˣԽ˫ȺҴʷгĨȥ
ֻǣøǿڣ߲ͨȥ˵ȥɱ顭
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ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮꡭ
תۼ䣬ʮȥˣҶʼԹȦӡ
üΣҶɵľ֮ѾʾԴʲôط뿪ӴԹˡǣҶȴǸԶĺӣͣԹתƣѰһԼܹȡ󱦲ء
罪ԤϵΪԹеջҶѾӵޱȿֲǱΪҶʱѡںޣ׵ԴԲľ硣ΪҶɶԽһȽǿǧٱľ޴
ѾɾԴԲˣջޣܻһͷʺ
費ҶҪԼ֤ҪƾԼԴԲڻ˵ܹĽ׵ԴԲܹõİҶɣԸ
죬ҶɻѰҡȻüͷ΢΢һͲסˣ˽Ѱˣ
ľ֮ӳ˼ٸǿɳˣһ뵽ӴԹС
ʱ˿̣ҶѾ֪ɳǿ϶ĳһȫͨȻԹʱʱ仯ȫͨҲʱʱ仯ǣɳȴܹ׼ȷҵͨ
ԣǧԴԲɳǿߴԽԹǰϮɱԼʱǻųһӣСģԹ֮СΨˣǲȫ尲ȫִԹһߡ
ڣٸͬɳ߽Թѡ·ȴǸͬ
Ҷ磬᲻ҲѰģʵ
뵱꣬ҶɵҶҲûʲôپܾ衣ԭҶҲѾ϶ˣΪԼӡڣ͸ĿڽҶΪҶ硱ˡ
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˻񣬽ӿ˵˵еٸԴԲôҵǣһɱǣ˵ȫֿˡˣҾãǿһɱǣ
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һ仰Ͱһ
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Ҷ΢΢˵ͷţҲ˵ǿ߶ϲһ棬ȻԼȫǨȥͱһִ֮㡣
ⷽԭ򡣡ӦһԭǣҲԼܻ֮ܲϿɡϾ˿֮һҪϿʵǿĳԣǽԼһλ˳ȥȻǸλΪһӴ档
СѾͷӦùذɡʵصĸһռ丨λ棡
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ǲл꣬пռλ涼ٵˡԡǶΪ񱻺Ŵ˱ǰ𣿡
Ҳ˵Ѱˡһ֪СѾͷûӴ߲㡣𣬷𣿵Ȳһͽʲô𣿡Ц
Ҷɲɵüͷˣ˸ꡣпԿȻһЩ֣ࡣ˵֮ôģ
¡ģҪΪңǿ֮ôܸģлɣǡҵˣҲܱѩޡ˵ûӳ𣿡
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Ϊҷ׷ףл򣬱Եʱ֮ʵˡסǿҲûܹ֮
費ɵͷСֹôţ
Цǿ֮ǵжٸǿڣѹ֮ѹˣôܹ֮
ǣҶȴ˭˵
裬㲻Ҫ֮ԡҪ֪굫ԴԲڣֻ군ǲл֮У֮һôţۼһ߶սжôǿսжôǿ˵ģɳһ壬֪֮ӵкεȵ̣
ǾǺɨ£û˭ܹһ
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ɳһǿߣͻ˶ɵ΢΢ɫ䡣
˵ʵν幥֮һЦʱǿǰ֮ʱ֮еĸΪһˡǱҪѰҵĶʵϣӦ˵ҪõĶ
˵еㆪˣ֮ܶһ󣬸һз֮һڶ֮һЩȻͰЩһ챦֮С
ԭ챦û֪Ҳû챦жô춯ءǣһζս֮УĲлг챦ҲûܳȻԼ챦̵ˣ
ûҲˣһ˳Ц¼ǣ챦̵ʱߺһ䡮ˡΪ仰е󶼷ˡ
Ϊһ仰ᾪȵúϲ£͡
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Щǿ󵽿Ϊ֮ǿ˵ֻҪһϣǰֶˣǾͻΪ֮񣡣
Ůɵ˳˼ҲҪ˼һԼˡ
Ҷɼ˵Ҳ˵ǷһЩֻ֮챦ǻǵԲлʽڡʱ˵ˡԣǾͶΪˣβƳһԶֲ״̬ǿ챦
̾˵ԭߣǣϢ֮Ҳ̲סһ¡죬򣬵սҶ䡣
ĽǴ֮ˣʱǼȫ񻹻ţҲˡǣϣ˺һ֣֮
ڴ֮ǰ֮ôôֻһСţʮ߰˸Ҳ֮ſϹ
˵ʮ㡣ɼ֮źεĸ顣
ֻϧ紵ȥôǿһڣҲѾ˺Ѱڡ
Ը̾һҶɾʵȻˣΪʲô㲻ɵˣٴγѰһΪʲôԭѾѴΧƶˡǣܸܹЩɳȥңֻ߰ȥѰҰɡ
ʲôңЦҲţ²񵽵ڸʲô
һΡֵҶɳĬˡãҡҡͷ˵֮Ҳơȴ֮Ը񣡣
ʲôˣʲôûף
֮ǰⷬʵΪôҴ֡ѾԼˣͼ˼ţ
һ·жҶɼĶҲˡЩΪԼľΪϧıԼֱϵǣȣЩ˵ΪֻС׼ˡֵһᣡ
Ҳ̾˵Ȳ㼶Ҳһᱻס۾Ҹоɣȹһ£ҲੲݵȥǼ챦
˵ܡ챦ҲΪʲô͹֮˵ܣʵҵһλ
ڽӴǼ챦֮󡣲ŵõǾ仰ҹƣ֮оҲûеڶõǾ仰ԣϲĻˣֻһˡ
ôȥˣ仰Ҳšһиþ⻰ҶȥһЩط֣ҲҶȥˡ
Ҷɾȵüû뵽ղ˵ô飬Ȼ˵ĵܣ
ҶСӣˣǶλ˵ǣΨ⣬ܶϤС
⣬ϤУҶɲʵ˵Ҫƽֻضѣڴ֮⣿ǣȻѾڴ֮ˣﻹõõϤСֱӰ֮ȥͽ˿ѣ
࣬ľǣ˼£һжĨɱһհ޸꣬ƮƮģ֪ȥתͶ̥
ҶɾãһԼҵڴķԼ϶ҪⷽȥԼˡô죬ԼҪ˺һһָô죿
ٺЦ⻰ʲô˼֪ܻش⣬ͳѳȥõĲлɢˣ
˶٣˵Һܿ㡣֪ôģ˵ʱҾ;ã⻰ֻͨ͸ԭǼȻٽ仰͸ġȻѾ⣬룬ֱӸˡҶСӣҿǰĴܶˣɲܹҵڴ
ҶЦЦûд𻰡
ֻ˵ֻȻĴڡҶţǰ˵Ķûм١ҶҲţ仰ҲȷʵġǣҶɸţѹû˵ȫ
ҶҲ׷ʲôˡȻôʣҲ˵ʵ
ģֻҪҳŵ飬ҿ϶쵽Ҷ΢Ц˵˵ʦҲо⡣ң˼ҺܿѾоһʵֶΡûҲʦķڸ㡣˵Ļ϶Ѿס
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֮һЩ챦͸Ů˵챦Ʒ඼̥ڸӾԶͨ
ҪܣǹЩԶŵĵطҲ£ʦҲ϶֪һЩƵԶż򣬵ƾʦԼڤ˼룬ʲô֮˵ûлǰ˵ľ飬ʦôܶ϶ķһеͨ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ֮
ٺЦ֪Զż϶ʦö࣬ȸһ˾ҽѵķҾͰȫ㡣Ҫ֪Щżɲ֮ôҡеϹżƯ֮䣬㲻֪Ѱ֮ҲĴڣ
˵ţʹݹһͨ
ѰǴϹżͨȤĻȥûȤҲԴ϶ûл
ҶɲɵðԷ°ۣûлǲǸ壬˭֪
ҶɻǽͨһԼûԴ֮ԼҪȥЩϹżһ
ҶɾûȤȥʲôϹżģǸһ𣬰ȵĹӡԼҲǿˣԼܿҲܽޱǿֻҪԼҵֻضѵķôԼҲ顣
걨֮£¿Ѿûκѡ
ʦְԼ飬ԼڵҲǾ֮͡
ʲôĴսԼȷʵúأԼҲȷʵĺ˻˶ʲô⡣ڣԼӵ˾ʵ֮νĴս͸ֵһˡ
֮սpkɳһգҶȻһЦ˻ͽᡣʹ뿪
ʱȴֿ˿ڡ
ˣиû˵Щɳ˲֪ܡ˵ǵñЩɳ˵
ҶüͷЩãжҪһҪ֪ʱ˵ûνǣȴû̫ʱɻˣ
ȻӵҲѾûǿ
׼ȷ˵Ѿ̫Զĵط
һɳ˾۱Щʱգܸ֮ǵԶط
ĳһ죬޷ִôʣµӾ͸ˡҶɵľ֮ǡǡҶɣһ쿴ңԶ
ڨЦһ£˵˵Ҫ⹬ֻΨһķǾǣɳһľ۱ڣĳֿ顣ͨЩ飬ܽ뵽ҵС
ǣǧǰɣȴиСһҵ򣬺ľʹСͨסҲһԽ磡
ǸСһһδԽʱֻǸССԴʮڡû꣬һԾԴԲ
ȡͨһԲͨЩǸСһͨϷˣɳǿߣĲֺҲ֪Ŀĺڡ
ҶԽԽǳԾ˵ĲţҲ֪˴ԽţȻﶼѾ޷赲
ϣҶǿȴҲʱ˿̣Ҷɵ沨׳
ɤӣ˵Сһɳ棬ȥڣҪֹЩɳҲӦûûǴЩгʵ̫ʧˡСһﵱĥҲһطʲôϲ˴ɳǶܹһҡ
ЩɳˣͽҪЩͽˣҲֻճϾôҲľ֧˵ģҶɷδܹҶɵǿ
ҶɳʵȻҪȥֹʲô
Цû׼ܴŪԽ֮һѰЩﲿٶȾͻѸݣ
Ҷɼѯʡ
˵Щɳ˵ĶǸСһҪԹûɡ֮ܣϣСһʳ˴Խ֮㻹ǰˣҵɳͽ֣
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Ҷ뿪ˣһ˵ջϡ
챦ûѰ٣ջԶԹ֮Сǣ֪Զܣ⿪ţԶʲô챦öࡣ
ҲصԿ˵ŻҶ»ص˵С¥Ǽ챦ԭ·۷ȥûκβۣҶһνԹ֮С
˵ȥƶϣڸţĵһԣҲŻоЩ֡ԷʹЩɳǿ߽ԹսţҪʲôͨ
ȷǼֵͦ飬Ҫ֪ӵ˿⴩Խ޷ֹô˵Ϳɳһ֮սչˡΪʲôƫƫҪõĴԹ֮УֻǷųߣֻżιһ£
ҲҶɶԽȥ˼Թ֮ͽһһ˳
ԹҾͲţţСӻҶɺǺ΢Ц
Ҷɾֻ𵱳ʮ˲֮ѰţĵĽһţǼʻǴԽŵ󣬻ٶʱ䡢ȥѰҲǰ״
ͬˣȻѾȷָţľԹߡôͲն顣
ţģ
ţģЩ
һȣԹĸͨ𵴡ܿ졣ţľյЩѶϢ
٣ʦţĹЦţųȥһ
ܿ죬ţĵҶɵͷ
ţİݼʦţϲЦ־Ͱݡ
ҶҲʮϲãţģĴԽһšʦ¾ͻڸߵȼռλˣ
ţĺǺЦţĸˣ˵ˣţĵʦȵģ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷҵıڸϹıںδЩǺǡô겻ľΪѾΪʦˣ
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ҶɴһΪţʲôͨԹ֮Сû뵽ȻΪ޷뿪
󴳽ʲô֮ˣҪǿ֣Ҷɵı弱˵֮䡣ͽҲҶɸ˳
ţһɵù̬ȡֻüŪ۵ģѯʵʦλҲʦɣͽѾмλʦˣ
ֻɫ΢΢һ죬ͻָϾѾҶɵӡܵ鶼Ѿˣ˽һʦҲʮ
еˣ֪ҶǲǻԼ
Ŀ⸴ӿҶɣãԼͺһȴ̲е̷
ҶɵĿҲɵÿ˹ҶɵĿҲǸӡ
γ֪ΪеԼҲѾ¡ֻǣҪȫɽᣬ⻰Լʱ˵ڡ
ΪȢ̫࣬ѾȲ㼶Ĵڣ鶼Ѿ⣬ν۹⡣
˵У֮檣檳ȺɰٳǧȶԣҶɲȢţͲ֡
ֻǣҶ˳ΪδҲ׽ʲôŮӡ
ͺλģλ磬ȫһһģҶɻǺԥѵ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿŽᣬҶȴָŻܵλʦ裬ʦĳԣʦʦʦЭ
ʱϾͷ΢΢ɬǲ𣿰ˣˣһӾūˡ
ڴʱȻҶ˵λǺǣҲΪʦɡнᣬҲݼһ¡
ţǶôһˣ뵱ͿģñĴãԴ󹦷ѾԴԲˣһ۾Ϳеֶߡ
ֻţĺٺһЦǰ˵ݼʦݼ׼ʦ
ʱ䣬͵ЦϲԽղţ˵֮£ƺͱҸ
һӣȴҼˣҶɷžᡣ
˵˵ôһ£

ţĿ˿ͽᣬԥû˵ʱҶɾ׹
㱾ҲѾֻһܳԽԲˣ
ţĲеʦѵƽ֮
ҶɵףţĵʲôӵĶѡ(δ1711.ţ֮ѣ
̲סʣ㲻ǴԽһλܵĹȥλӵвԻ챦ȥŪһˡ
ûţĻشҶɾͰ˰֣ⲻСѿ𣿺Ȼ͵ˣ͵ˡ
塭
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Ҷҡͷǲ÷ЩɳˣȻɳеĴһȡڵ챦
ǣ֮⣬Ҳ벻İ취ţӦ
Ҷü˵ⷨҲ̫˵㣬Ǽʯܹ㳤ƽ
Ӧÿ԰ɡţδǼʯǡÿԸҵȡǼ챦Ӧ˵Ǽ챦ûжôʯЧӦǿԱƽ
ʱͽҲ˹ǸҶɲһҶڸţ˼֮󣬾Ѿͨľ֮顣
˵Ҳ򵥣ȥץɳ˴ܻˣ
ţĶʱЦտһ׼ʦȻǰ׽еġ
ǡ
ᣬж½ˣҶɵһ߳ý᲻ɵô˸¡
ϸ룬Ȼ˵ⷨ⣬һץɳ˴ܣ챦ǡøʯͻô죿

ţһͷⲻҽ𣿡
ҶɹЦʲôʦڣԶƥСԣ
ţĴϲʦзӽ
취
ҶָţĲɵ˿ڿˮ氵롣ˣ˲ãʦʦ绹ԶûҸţȻ֪İ취
һ취ܼ򵥣ҰʯװȥǸܡǼһ񣬲֪ٸǰ֪磬ֻصķȻ͵챦šҲǼһΪ֮ԭ򡣷ǼһҲңҪһ
˵ţҶɽǰ֮ظһ飬Ҳ֮򵥵һ顣
գţһĴȣҾ˵أѡǸҵӦ챦Ϊʲô⣿ԭڸ
辪ʵô⣬Ѳɣţģ
Ҷɵ˵ͷâ֡Ѱ˵Ⱦءէȥǰǰ˿û⡣էȥһپòί˵Ĳлꡣ
ԭҪҴţեһЩԽͨѰﲿǣϵõţľȻҵͽܣ
ҲЦǰ˼ˣǲ֪
ҶɲԼţ棬ҺҶţĴӲʶֻߣ񲻸Ҷţ䣬ԸҶȥѰұﲿôҶɻļƻʱ˵Ҷˣڳˣȫ뷨
أǼﲻܹлǼﻹܰҶɳ˵֮ڶࡣ֮ʱôôʱܸԲлʽڣǿ϶෨š
ҪѰҵǼ¾Щŵľۺ塣ΪȺȺԲŸһ˿
ֻǣһ˿ץסǶҪȻʮֿ̣ԶҸƵǿ߾okˡ
ţĲɵÿЦҽϷˣƲл꣬ȡƲл챦һΪҴռϷ磬ôǿĴڶûޡû룬뵽˱˵ƵУ
Ȼɳ˴Ĵһԡţˡţɷգսһɳ˴УҲĸܴڡ
ţıˣеĶǡҶɣţĳͻᱻ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵Ȼ㣬һ¾вͨˡȥȫ˵ˡǵȴڵƣҲк֣֮䣬û̸
ʦǵڶʲôţѯʡ
ڶʦķҶɽ죬Դ֮һ顣ȻҶɵЦ˵˷ûдɹҲʮʦӦҵ׼ȷķ򣬷ܼҪʦﵱ칬Ĺ
ţҡͷ˵ǣ˷ȴҪ֮ĳ״̬״̬֮£˵ꡢǧ궼޷ǣѰ䡣һǵʱ䶼ҪڲԱľصС˵ǿ֮ԼѾǸѭ
˿Ѿ֤ʵһѭһ֮Ĵڣ˵ûбѰȥĨɱǣ챦Ҳû׼ΪʱĲƣ߽Ǹѭ
һϸ浽ħٵңӺѩٵԷЩӷһ߹ǿߴڣһû߽ѭ
˵ûҶɻ˵ͷ˷Ȼɱȴѱɹԣ򲻵ѣòҪѡ취
Ǿֻʣһ취ˣʦ취ҲںܴɡţѾû˸ղ˷ܾ뵽ѽ⣬Ȼҵȫ֮ߡ
ҶɺǺЦû취ҲһЩ⣬ʱ䣡
ʱ䣿ţĺǲ⡣
ûʱ䣡Ҷɵͷ˵Ϊİ취ǣĵȴҴµķ
塭
ҪʦصţĿ϶ҪָҶɵıˡĵȴʲô취
ͽ֪Ҷ˵ʲô˼ϾѾ֪ҶΪԴ·ԲѹƾΪûн׵ԴԲǣҲҶƾʲôΪԼһֶܹΣ
Ҫ֪ʹ֪ԴԲ
Ҫ֪ܴڶûܹҵ
۷·ϣͽҲòѯʹҶɡϾ챦ʲô⡣ϾҲջø³
ǣһ·֮ϣҶȴûش⡣ͽᶼΪҶҲͬȥʲô
û롭
ĴȷֶΣҶɵᶨֳȣʵ㣬ҾΪоˣҿԴȷֶΣҲѹΪ̤ԴԲΪҸоõΨּȽӽԴԲ״̬֮УҲпܴȷֶΣ
ˣһͨ
ţġ衢ᣬⶼǴˣǺܿͻȻ˹
ȽӽԴԲȴƫƫԴԲʱǿ߼ʱʱĸоʱգȴܹʱ֮⡭ûֻб״̬пܴȷֶΣ
ţһλָģЦҾȺʦˣͽԤףʦ񹦴󷨣ˮУ
ᾪʵô㲻뿪
ţĺǺЦƥ
˶ʱȻ(δ1712.ɽ֮
ǵȴڣѾϳɾ˭֪װ˶ıֶΣ
뵽ģ˻衢챦è塣˵ͨľ֮ҶɲûиокΣգǣչ鲻ǰٷ֮ٱյ顣
˵֪ţ֮ѣֻ֮ѣԶ֮ѡߣİƣ
˭֪񵽵׻ԤʲôֶΣ
ԣʱţĻüܾͻǰЩֶΡ

ʱҶɺŮվһҷ֮СҶöıﲿӦڷλϢ
ܿ죬Ҷɾ͸оһﲿڡ
ߣ
΢һӾʹҽܵء
ףɽȻ
üǧȥˣɽûдҽܵȥû뿪صܶһֱѵã
ῩЦȥɣý飬綼ý
Ҷɵ˵ͷ΢΢һЦ뿪ҷ
ţƵҷԭӵв֮ܣҶɻԼǼ챦СһϾͲ˭ܹӼҷĴڡ
뿪ҷ󣬾ʧȥ˷䱣ɽƺĪ֣֮
ɽһʱͽǱԼ˵ϼӪط˳ȻϸϸĴһ½ᡣ
ɵãɽһ
Ҫǿôܣ
ɽʸˣͨǿӴԿ϶ľѹԶԳЩ
ȥ֮أɽѿڶ
֮أЩЦǰȥ֮ء
ɽɫһȵ֮ʲôطʵһһ
ǵİɣɽѵ㶺ˣûڱǿῩЦ
һǿʲôôֵǣ󣡣
ɽһȣģķְ˸ˡͬɽڣŸ𼶴ְһɱ
ٺ٣ġҪͬʱֵŸ˵ֺͬʱǾŸɱˣƣɽЦ
һ׷˵СѾͷɡʵʵİ֮ص佻ǻһ·
˵Ȼѻ꣡Լ࣬ߺȡ
ЦøӿˣģҲ˵Ƕҵĺӿūװ׵ġǴŮ֮ء

˶
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Ÿ˴˷ĸţ붯ֺɱ
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ԭǻǼ¡Ҷεҡҡͷ
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ҶɴǰѰҾߵĻ޻ʲôʱȻüëһ΢Ц(δ1717.·
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塢ȣֻǳ̫˵㣬Ҳ̫˵㡣ǴģҶɼ׵ǵŷһ
һŮ
ŮߣԴʮһľΪǰйԴʮڡ
ϿйԱŮŶˡ
ֻ
йģһֻƤף.¶С۴׳Ƕô׳
ֱߵйһӵģĵݲ٣˫ȴһȦȦѪɫѪ֮ɫ˿˾ľĸоҶйͬһ㼶ǻδսȺ
ںŮþͺˡѰĻףѰĳ㣬ѰһССǳߴ̣֮ǵâ֮˻㱾ãⴿǰװε
ܿ죬ǿ߾ͷҶɡڷҶ֮ǾͷҶɽűߵͷޡ
Ľ㣡
ǰйɵõͺһɫʮֽ
ŮҲɫصĿ˿ͷޣȻʵѣĽһɱģ
ҶǺεȲ㼶Ĵڣ˼һ֪ǺЦҷʱѾֻʣ°ˡҪģһбɱõ

ǰй˿ֻŮŽɵĿҶɡ
ϸһŮûпʲô״ǣ˵ͷ˵ѣɷĽǣļ۸һ㶼ʮڤʯҿԸʮ飡
ҶɺǺһЦҪ͸ǣֻҪǻش𼸸ˡ
ŶŮЩأйҲһεĽ
٣Сӣˣһ㲻ҪʲôԽ
ҶɲЦҲ·ˣҪʸ·õôţ
ֻ·йüʡ
ûֻ·Ҷɵͷ˵ҴǳĴżһУҾò֪ţҾһֱߵ
ǣйҡͷ˵û˵
й˵òɴ½ϵĹǰɡڤ½ûУ
ȻҶɺߵģ̫ǿˣҲ±˽Ҵܴһ׳Ϣãֱܾѻ꣡
ҶɲǸɱǿߡɽִڣ϶߶ʮһץ˵
ŮɫҲڱһ㣬û뵽ȻǴɴ½ģӦþֻ֮ͨЩ߸ϵĴǿԴԽЩͨû뵽ôȻȫȫĴ˹
˶٣ŮԱţҽ磬ׯׯλҵ֣λľȻһλԡʵѸմȤȥׯһǶ꾡ͼ
ҶС֮ʱһۿǿڵ˼ıѾǼȽӽԴԲĴڣССһԴʮһŮ浽ЩʲôȻ
ҶɺǺЦȻеͼھҾˡׯ˭ԹҶɿûȤͽȥ
羪ȵüľȻйɵһĴָ̾˵ķĿʿ۹ǲͬ죡ҶӦ֪ͼֵơֻһͷĽĻԹһͼ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ𣿡
˵ţҶɷһ챦
һԴʮһ챦ôͲε챦ҶɵĿռλûУǼȻҲСھʱҶƳ
ȻֻƵģ챦ʦ֣֮һλ㼶ߵ˵ʦ챦ȻȻľʹ˿˿ѹ
챦ĪϣԴʮ㣿ľȻɵþ
ϲеǺñȥ͸ׯˣ˵սἤɡʱׯĻ쵰ǾҲôˣ
ҶɺǺЦҲ֪ߵĵͼ۸һ챦ǿǲ
ľȻͷȻֻǣ޳û취Ӧﰡ
Ҳü˵ҶѣǻǵƲׯ챦ֻҵ㹻ıһ
˺αķӦҶɲɵðԵ˵ͷӵĹ塣
ðɣҾ͸һ⣡
˵ţҶһ챦Ȼһӣʬ˹ȥ
·ѣ
˾٣Ӳ˰ΣþöûзӦ(δ1717.·
ԼľΪֻԴʮģһʱ䣬ڵˡ
塢ȣֻǳ̫˵㣬Ҳ̫˵㡣ǴģҶɼ׵ǵŷһ
һŮ
ŮߣԴʮһľΪǰйԴʮڡ
ϿйԱŮŶˡ
ֻ
йģһֻƤף.¶С۴׳Ƕô׳
ֱߵйһӵģĵݲ٣˫ȴһȦȦѪɫѪ֮ɫ˿˾ľĸоҶйͬһ㼶ǻδսȺ
ںŮþͺˡѰĻףѰĳ㣬ѰһССǳߴ̣֮ǵâ֮˻㱾ãⴿǰװε
ܿ죬ǿ߾ͷҶɡڷҶ֮ǾͷҶɽűߵͷޡ
Ľ㣡
ǰйɵõͺһɫʮֽ
ŮҲɫصĿ˿ͷޣȻʵѣĽһɱģ
ҶǺεȲ㼶Ĵڣ˼һ֪ǺЦҷʱѾֻʣ°ˡҪģһбɱõ

ǰй˿ֻŮŽɵĿҶɡ
ϸһŮûпʲô״ǣ˵ͷ˵ѣɷĽǣļ۸һ㶼ʮڤʯҿԸʮ飡
ҶɺǺһЦҪ͸ǣֻҪǻش𼸸ˡ
ŶŮЩأйҲһεĽ
٣Сӣˣһ㲻ҪʲôԽ
ҶɲЦҲ·ˣҪʸ·õôţ
ֻ·йüʡ
ûֻ·Ҷɵͷ˵ҴǳĴżһУҾò֪ţҾһֱߵ
ǣйҡͷ˵û˵
й˵òɴ½ϵĹǰɡڤ½ûУ
ȻҶɺߵģ̫ǿˣҲ±˽Ҵܴһ׳Ϣãֱܾѻ꣡
ҶɲǸɱǿߡɽִڣ϶߶ʮһץ˵
ŮɫҲڱһ㣬û뵽ȻǴɴ½ģӦþֻ֮ͨЩ߸ϵĴǿԴԽЩͨû뵽ôȻȫȫĴ˹
˶٣ŮԱţҽ磬ׯׯλҵ֣λľȻһλԡʵѸմȤȥׯһǶ꾡ͼ
ҶС֮ʱһۿǿڵ˼ıѾǼȽӽԴԲĴڣССһԴʮһŮ浽ЩʲôȻ
ҶɺǺЦȻеͼھҾˡׯ˭ԹҶɿûȤͽȥ
羪ȵüľȻйɵһĴָ̾˵ķĿʿ۹ǲͬ죡ҶӦ֪ͼֵơֻһͷĽĻԹһͼ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ𣿡
˵ţҶɷһ챦
һԴʮһ챦ôͲε챦ҶɵĿռλûУǼȻҲСھʱҶƳ
ȻֻƵģ챦ʦ֣֮һλ㼶ߵ˵ʦ챦ȻȻľʹ˿˿ѹ
챦ĪϣԴʮ㣿ľȻɵþ
ϲеǺñȥ͸ׯˣ˵սἤɡʱׯĻ쵰ǾҲôˣ
ҶɺǺЦҲ֪ߵĵͼ۸һ챦ǿǲ
ľȻͷȻֻǣ޳û취Ӧﰡ
Ҳü˵ҶѣǻǵƲׯ챦ֻҵ㹻ıһ
˺αķӦҶɲɵðԵ˵ͷӵĹ塣
ðɣҾ͸һ⣡
˵ţҶһ챦Ȼһӣʬ˹ȥ
·ѣ
˾٣Ӳ˰ΣþöûзӦ(δ1718.Ϯ
ҶͬУǰׯʱҲگͣüλֻһܳԽԴԲɳǿߣǧӿԹ֮С
Ҫ׽ţģ
ȻʦϣǼһƽҵĴԽ֮
ԽδûܽտȥʱţĻҡҡͷ
㲻ܴԽҲ޷ʦ˵ˣֻҪܼǧʱ䣬ң
ǧʱ䣬էȥѼ֡ǣҶ֮ǰȴţֶΣ
ȣӿԹ仯
ʩΪܿ죬Թڲı仯ٶȴӿ죡
ԣôʥ˵Ĳһ
ãԹ仯ٶȼӿˣЩ£
һɳ˴ڽټʱǧѾٶ
ѵǼһĹ
⼸ɳ˴ɹʱţʩչ˵ڶֶΡ
ֻһɢһһ塣ЩԹһγһӿֲľشڣ
ߣֻҪ޷Թһֻܸɵۣ
ֶʩչţİЦţоԼͨȥˡ

һ·ׯȥнƮѩ
ѩҲǰɫˣҲѩһ״ֻǣѩҲһ˿˿ǷմȾһ㡣̾ͻɥȪ
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Ҷɴ𻰣Ц˵ҶѷģҶׯׯСұ֤
ǿ֤߱ǣҶȴʵ֤ΪҲҶɲɵúø
ѣ˵ǿҲֻԴʮ㡣ôЩǿĴڶסʲôط
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ׯǧô룡ľȻһׯ͸ׯˣЩܴܰǱǻʵʵĴǧȥʲô޶ǣ
ȤƲƲ죬εĵͷ
ҶɺǺЦʵֻǿһҲûʲôѰ£Щܴǲɱ˵ġ
ģ粻ɵ˫۴
ȻġҶƶĵ˵ͷоԴԲڡ˼ƢõĺܣֻҪûǣȥ
ۣԭһҪ˵˵Ҫȥ޶ǿһ
ҶɹЦ˵ˡҪ㵹ù˼Ҵܴڸ˱ȶúüǧأͨನҲһܰ˲ɱ
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֣ȼŨ£ٺݺݵĴһ£һ϶ͲٺȥˣҲҶɵһССرΪҶѾ˵šȤȴţʲôʱܽȤȤ
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Ϯ
ׯˣ
˴ţԼ챦
ԭӣһ֮д˳ҿǴ˼ʮˣδʲôԶݣ
£һȻ𣺡ˣҲѱ
仰һ˵粻ɵʽҡ
Ҷɰҡҡͷս̫٣˷ţҪǼս
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ʵҶͷһĲֵУֵҲֻ˶ѡ
ԴʮһСҪŻסߵ磬ȻٽǼʰˣвׯׯ
Ҷһ۾Ϳһ⣬ҲԱ߿Ϸ˷ʱ䡣Ϳ־ͼ챦
ȥ
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ѽԴʮ챦
ӣӣ
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˾ˣҲҶɼȥģȻԴʮ챦
˺һӣ緽˵𣿡
Ҳ𱰣еˣȻˣ찡Դʮ챦쵰ôܵס
صľȻҲֽŲ֪ˣǿߵȱ֣Ҷҡͷ
ѵǾûгԹֵ߲㼶챦
ôܣǿͬﷴʡ
Ҷҡҡͷûٶ˵ʲôƼˮ꣬ԼûֱסѻͺܲˣȻ˷ʱָʲôղһʣǽȻջ١벻ףǾǰװ˷ѵ˸ûԵҲԹˡ

ľȻ˳ȥѰսƷ˵ԴڴཫԼĿռλǣҲЩҪЯ
ʹõľʸȻڿռλǲֻӶݣüʸ
ŵĻʲôģ㱻Ҷɵ챦飬ǲƬҲҪջġľȻ˵ҲһʲСջ
ԭľȻûȥֶҶɱģ˼ȡսƷǣҶȴҡͷҪһʵ˷һѡ
ԽԽҶɵˣܹóһȽӽԴʮ챦˵ͷСܹͬʱԴʮ챦ɱУ͸羪ﲻѡ
ԥţ֪ӦôòһҶɵļʱȻʶͿԶһڵĳ߼
ׯˣһѶׯˣٻ
ֻٻѣҪܲСҶɼӶݵٶȻղĲǣҲͲٳ˳ׯȥ
ʱҶɷ֪⼸޷˲ƣ
֮أ֮ȴ޷˲ƣеŹ֣
һ֣Ҷɶľ֮ĥһ¡ܿ죬ͻİԵ˵ͷ

ܵúܿ죬ׯǿǵ׷Ҳһһ׷˴Լʱʱ䣬ǰ֮
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ˣԭѾܳȥ˼أ¤ȻҶɣҶɹҪúõĽѵһ¤
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ǣû۷һڶߺȻ𣺡ʲôأߣ
㣬㡭
Ǳߣ¤ġҶɡٿߣԼֻ֮ңҶɡʱ䣬;ԼЩմˡ

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ׯˡԺ˵ׯǧս֮ˣǧĺͯʱաׯܳԽׯΪ⸽ĵһׯ
ҶɺǺЦЦ̾䡣
ЦҶǼˣƲСطСطҲδòܳڤ½кüǴСһչ
ҶɺǺЦ֪д־򣡡
ռʱ仰̸ҶɾܸоõľȻԸҰġ㽴УҪһЩܴڵǿʲô̶ȣܹóһƽĴڡ
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һԶԶĴҶ֮ǰҶɾѾһһһҲҶɵļ֮¡ҶѾһйµˡֻǣҶҲûʲôȤȥ̽ôСһڣ˼ܡ
ҶɿֻһĿģǾŪڤ½ͼ
ҶɸյׯۡһʹЦӭ˳С磬ȤСѣ
СѣҶɲɵЦԷǣ˹֣˵ׯ
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ҶСѾȻǴɴ½ģһɵ˫Ŀ˵ɴ½ǿΪóѹҶСܹӵ챦
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ŶҶɲɵüׯ˼ƺׯа취֮ͨͨ
һٺһЦȴûֱӻش
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ѾɵۣǸһׯҲȫɵۣ
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Ȼ󡭡
ȿȣҶǴֱʡһϢѣҲ̫ˡ̫ˡ
һεɫһЩǸҶɲɵðԵ˵ͷѹǸֱˬԸ񣬺α丸ŮһԵҲ֮ˣ
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ʱ˿̡һȤҶɣҶɴ½ƴֵСӡ
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мòŮһߣҶǸɫ֮ͽһͷܡ
ҶɲɵðԳ棺˾ֻܵͣλƫƧ֮صģССһׯׯǣ˽֮ȴЩҺζ档˰ŵܣʵС
ƳǼòŮҶɵһθıԼ뷨֣ƺССׯԼҲһܹ̽Ѱ࣬챦ʱеܡ

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ҪľȻȼƣӵȥˡǣҶȴ˵νҾȴˮһ㣬Ȼζ
ȴľæȰҶѣ㻹ٺȵ㣬ѩǺʮ㣡
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ģҶ΢΢ͷЦҲ̫ˣҲҪһЩֶΣ
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һһЦ˵ܹʶҶӢţҲһҡʲôľ̫ˣѸܣ
ôУҶҡҡͷʮԴʮ챦˾֮ϡֵܶҪˣοƼˮ꣬Ҷĳܲô񡣡
һ󶨶ĿһҶɣ˵ͷã챦
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һܵĸתһⲼһЩʾֶΡŵ˵
ҶѿĴţǹӵеĴ½ʵֹڤ
ҶһͨлȻ
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ҾȻûз챦֮ϵһֿռͨǵûз֣衢ᡢоȻҲһɴ˿ɼ֮ǣֶǿ˺εȳ̶ȣ
ӵֶΣҶɵûܷ챦в˾ҲҶɱǹǿɽ챦ռ䣬¡ǲᷢ챦ռвӴһ磡
˵ؿ꣬˵ػܡ챦ĲãҶѾˡ
ЩܴڵĿľֻһǾǱ
ԭӵһ챦Ҳ˵ӵһ½вٹܹɡ˵Ĳл겻Ӧô
Ҳ˵ӵеǿ챦˵״ԣûǿĹܹˡԣҪңһ챦ռ
˵ӵеǿ챦У½Ȼݻ٣Ѿڡԣǿ챦ûٵˡ챦еĹܣҲԸٵ˵Ĵ½
˵ֻѰһ챦Ϳˡǣȴƫƫҽ챦ռҲ˵챦ṩܣл֮⣬ṩǿ;
ȻֻҪӵһڲʱõ챦лǿô챦ͳͳռ϶ã
棬һϸϸĸҶɽԼ֪ǸܡҶɳ˼ʵϣ˼ѾתƵˣ˵۵ȥ

ҶµûǶˣ챦ͲֵҩġһݵĿҶɣȻѾҶɵľˣǣ統һĳҶɣҶɡ
ЩĽĿţҶߵĻ裬Ȼ󣬽˵ƵҩĿԻǴڵģΪƱʲôҩȻбĿԡ磬ǲǱ챦ȷţģ
ǲѰᣬȷѴ硰ء󣬲ʩչĶ󷨣
Ȼ񲻿ܽţסȻţ֮ˣԼţĵĵ֮ȥýţĵĵ챦֮УܳɹʵֶΣ
ĵ˵ͷ˵ûɹ֮󣬳ɹ֮ѳɣѲ֮£֮ûһܳɹת
ɹ֮ȡ֮ǿȻʹͽȥǹĴ̽Ѱҡ
Ȼƴ˷ĻкܶࡣҶֻѰҵѡ
챦ʱյУûмŶֶΣ뿪ҶɵҪĿģΪ˸֮Ǹֶεʲô
Ҷɾֶ֪Ըֻ֮ѵֶΡ
УʦǸֶΣֻˡûеõ֤ʵ
ֶ֮ΣȷɣˣҾĹͬоһԳɹͲôŵģϾ֮·
˵Ҷɣһⲻ֪ûУȻƵǰ˿α첿в磬᲻ѾˡѾж
ӦòᡣҶ΢΢ҡҡͷҡõΪԶջ챦˼ʱ˿̡Ѿ˳˯У
ǾͺáǺЦȸģȻٱ֮ǰ͵ôյ飬ҡ϶
ҶɴʱԽԽܹоҶɵ
⡰ʲôսļơֶΡ۹⡣һ̾Ϊֹ
˵ΪصԼҶɻԼӵܹıǱʵ͸¶˳
˲õĴ飬Ҫ֪ȻȷһЩǿǱʵֶΡǣЩֶεĴһˡͳħɽҲʮַˡǣȥĳǱʣЩû׼ã
ҶȴֻͬҪ˴һ𣬾Ӱ쵽Ǹǿߡ
꣬ûʵʱҶɲ֤ʵˣԼӵˣβƿӰ
ʱ־ǧоҶɲұ֤ԼѾƿ硣óջһĸԸΪԼȻѾ㹻ˡ
һΣ侪յ͵ҲҶһ֡
ǸԼģָ͵Ǳܵǿߡţ֮̾ʣҶ˼ģ¶һ˿Цݡ

¾ˣҶѻʲô⣬;һʱʱ䣬һ󷽲ŰǸȫ˳
ûҶ˵ߵ;ȵĽе찡ҪˣǿԿһУרЩҪڸ½Ĵܴڣ
ҶɺǺЦţ΢΢ҡҡͷ׬ǮǺõģҪȥòС
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ҲǣЩܴ֪ˣ㲻ȫ̡ƤͷԵúǿɰ
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Ҷ΢΢üͷׯ㲻Ҫ̫ݣ
һЦлŮúϣֽʲôأСŮò㲻ԴʮһľΪҲûҶѡԵҶѻʲôģ
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ڵһӣߵͨ졣ϵõĪģȻԼȥˣ
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һ㣬һģҶͷԼľѹܿ죬ľѹԴʮ㡣
ʱһɵˣϵõԼҪеŮȻôǿĴڣ
ԴʮľѹҲԽһѹסһҶҲͲټȥ
ΣҼȥ𣿡
ңңǰ
šһʹϻҪҶɹ򵹿ͷǣҶȴѹһսһ
ׯҶĳǼթ֮ˡܣҶĳԻŵء飬ׯͲҪ˵ˣ
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ǲ⣬ҪʸףΪʲôѯ˾ΪҶЦŰ˰֣˵ׯҲҪˣδ߽֪Щ飿ҵǺܺ棬ׯþӴ˵أô˾ѲɣׯҲ£
һ΢΢һǿЦǰЦһȷʵ³ç£ȥ洳ꡣ
ѹ㲻ȥ̫ԶĵطЩš
ҶƺļҳһȻôǿĴڣҲϣܸǿڶһл
ǰĿ棬˵һûһ̾˵һҲһټļҲǰЩʽҲɵϰߡֻϧһ󾳽̫ͣջֻܴظׯĵĵһˡ
ҶɹЦǱˣôˣѵû취
һһǰˣǰһ֮ԻׯԸΪȡһζڤʱׯ˳ͻСͻ˴ͻׯѾׯУ
Щ飬绹ͷһ˵ʵȥʲôΪ
Դʮ˲㣡
ۣôߣ羪ȵסͣһֱΪûԼǿ١
ҶȴٺЦһ󣬵ҵ棬Ȼ˵ٻȺˣԴʮ˲㣬һ֮ǰľΪ
һ󾪺ɫ䣬Ȼվ㣬㣬Ȼǡܴڣ
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ǰҶϷʵǸׯͨƣһûзׯô
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Ҷѵ˼һЦĵ˵ͷȻҶѾҵܣһȻʲôֻϣҶܹԳСׯ
Ҷɻشһͼ˵ȥһ֪ҶǸαӡСˣԼҲûκΰ취
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Ҷ΢΢ЦǲȻӵˡǣһֱӻׯȻ֣ʵ⿪ܵؼҪȻͲׯУ
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ҶȤĿһ󣬾صĽ(δ1720.ڴ󣡣8000ִ£
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˵աҶҲһʲôӦһ粽뿪챦ʱգ»ص硭

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챦󷨡ҶɶһδԽȫʧЧ
˵ǾֱҾͲˣĸܴڡƲһ󷨣
ҲȻ˵Ѳɣܵ˼ڡǧڵķԱ
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һ߿ҵľ֮ǶأгԽζ档ľ֮ҲΪָһ·ҶɺٺЦʵûа취˵ãֶֻܶˡΪƵңѵҾû
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㣬㵽׺ʲôԼӦֻܸԸԵĿ飬ܳɹͨ󣡡
˵ͷЩءȴûз֣ղҶ˵Ҳôɡ

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ɱˣ
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ǺãһˡҾȥ㣡ֻذҲָ䣬ٴλصҵߣ

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Ҷɵʺԣ˾Ϊ֮һ
ЦǰǹҵĴ֮ɲŵԣҵĵѷͻԽԽսҸ׻塣ǣʵǳԽһУޱڵĴ֮ССĵĴѲһ޲
ͽŮҶңһЦҲƽࡣ
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ҶɺǺһЦŮ֣֮ǰͨ첽ȥҲٳɣĸȥ

ǰһͨصͨһΣͨһֺɫʯ齨ɡ˶ûʯͷʯͷɢϢжϳӦһʯ
ҪһǿԽʯٻָΪǺЦţȥоЩɫʯ
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Ůδ档Ѿһ˿ƴ֮ġ

գգգ
ԴԲһޱȵҶɣչıǿѸסĿϾӡ̶ֻϢʱ䣬ǰ֮ھѾһŨѰʯͷҲս˿ռλ֮С
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⵹ǺܲҶЦŵ˵ͷӲҪһǴʯѵֹҲɣ

ʱˣҶҪǿֶΣ˵ˣ֮У˭ֹܹ
ҶɹЦЦѣ㾡ܷģֱֲ֮ˣ
ҲǺЦֳʮɡ
ǣ˻ʶ㲼עֶܵڵǼչ˼ҲӲĳҵĻڴ
˶գؽɱ¾ȡ
Ȼֹεһڶصı֮쪵ģһ󼲷֮ԶȻֻǸ쪵ķԴʮһµǿ߳ױ
Ƕ̣һòҶҲɵˣԼͷ̡ˣԼ̵ħצ¾μˡ
˼ֻҪܰȫȥһᲹ㣡
Ҷ޵֮Ȼֵѧͨǣĸ֮Ծ֮
˼֮еΨһΪģԼ˼ȫԾûȥ˼ת֮Ǹĵ֮
ȥҶһֱûз֣Լĵ֮оȻһȵ·ʱס

˼׷֮УǧӰӶ
Щ̿ƳԳëΪмȽӽԴԲˮ׼
ǧȽӽԴԲĴڣǷŽ֮ͥУ֮⣬һм塢ᱻڵõ𡣿ǣҶɵ˵ȴֵһᡣ
Ϊ˱һ£ȳˡֻƾչճһһͷͷӲս˷֮С
ٺ٣ǲһЩ壬һЩ״ԴԲҲпȥٺЦţǷƽָ˼ˣ죬ֻҪЩûƷǾΪáЩȻôҲǵðɡ
˵˵ͷνĽЩ
Ǽչǰĳ֮ľԶ֮һΣ˵һݣ
ԴԲ
û뵽ڶľȻԴԲڣ(δ1721.ڴ󣡣
Ҳ̫ˣ
һ߼ǧֹһһл޵Ϯһ߸С
ʮԴԲʵ̫ţ
ҶһⲼط󷨣һߴ˵һղǼ챦֮ӵ˵ԴԲôƵóֲ챦
һ챦ͺȥǧٸԴԲڡʮζʲô
ǡȷ̫ˣϢʱ䣬Ǳİ˽֮СĽôǿҲסôǿˡ
ǰȷʵ̫ˣԴԲܲײˣضˣ
˵ôͨޣ»ޣ
һͷ޾൱һԴԲʮԴԲҲҪʮͷ޶ѡֻҪʱ䣬֣㹻ͨޣ˵ʮͷˣٶҲ
̾˿ҡͷ˵ǲ̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
輱˵ڲ˵ʱҶ磬ǲӦðǶг
ǣȻָǺħˡ
꣬ҶṩޣҲδգѡ񡣽һѡںޡԴԲ
񣬺ħͽԴԲֻҶϻ󷨣ԣųٳûнٻ
ĳ̶ֳϣǾҶеһ֧
񣬶Ҷ˵ͥеѾûжսˣΣյԼЩ֪ʲôطģĴڡ
ҶšӴ󣬵ֲ֮̿ô󲻿ֻʣһЩʲôطڣѾԶȥͼıʲô飡
ΪˣҶɲԸʹһ֧
һùˣδȥһԶ֮ĵطսҲпܱжԵĴ߿ӵʷϵΣǰһ֧Ĵڡ˵лܿѾӦˣһɱ˻ڴ֮У
ҶɻҡҡͷǼ㡣Ҳʱ⣬ʩչԼֶΡ
޵ʱֶ֮μԱ꽪ʩչʱֶΣѾù쳣񣬻ȻԴԲֶθҶɵľ֮ʱ޷ǰ׽
һŤӵʱͨһͷͷ͵Ļ޻ͷԵĳ嵽طżЩûײЩʱͻ뵽Ҷɲµ֮СòԽ̶ֺֻʮϢʱǾȻͻɱʮͷԴԲĻޣʮͷ
սǱԴԲˣ϶ᾪһ仰˵Ҫ֪ͨУǷչôʱ䣬ҲûĸܵʮԴԲ
ͨǷڶԸͨڵĳ棬κһ嶼ֻܽˡǷͨȴɰ֡
ౣౣౡ
Щʱ壬һתȥطķлǣһĸͽУȻӦ԰취
ˣһǻܸߣԶǴ˷ɫһԡ
ӴԴԲһӵкǿǣһָô򣿾Ҷɶ֧һҲûô
ˣҶȴֻЦڴôҲ͵͵Ū֡
˵ҲǡӦһȴǲôá
⻤ڴΣʮԴԲʵʲôΣǶˣǶֻǵһνӴ󷨣ǶֻǵһνӴЩޣб·Щ
᲻õһֱҼҷľ֮ˣԼתܣǰﵲţ
ŽеɶҲţɶҺˣŵ˵飬;ԲڣҷĸоЩ޵ûУ˫۾ĺܣľ֮ûзκ㣡
ỹҪ˵ЩʲôҶɾѾޱӦ˵ûһΣľ֮ûκθӦ
ƣ˵ġ
Ļû˵꣬ҶȵѲɣûеûͨǵ۾ͶϹˣʲô𣿡
ǰ͵һ죬Ҷǰĳ֮ľָ˹ȥúÿ޿һͷ֮Уúÿ̴˼ңֿаˣ·
ʱ˵۾(δ1722.ڴ󣡣8000ִ£
Ȼϣǣȴû̳ǰֵС
˭ܱ֤ⲻЩлǵıأҪ֪ЩɲǵµĴڡҪ֪ЩǺܿʶ˻ʱڼӦ֮ĸ̴ڣ
һӶϢĳǰǱжȥʱûзڶҹЩûκ谭ͼ˳ĽֵС
ȽģһԴïʢӲݡЩԺɫΪӲԭֻЩѰƷ֣ǣų֮ľɸʱ֮Ҳ˼ԴǹǿߣЩ֮ʿóǮЩӲݡ
һԴԵӲݶʱʱֵϧƷ־͸ǼֵԹǰ˿϶ἫȤռǣʱʱһǵľֵڣ˹ĵǣ᲻ǰȫ֮أ
ЩĲ֣Ǿ˵ڿĶĵرĳ飡
νһｵһЩ޼ǿ󣬵ǣҲͬпܱһЩĶס
һӶ֮ǾͷųһȾ׼õ塣
ǰ֮еĶҲ˳ʱ޷ЩҲνֻҪܹ֪Ƿok
һʼûгʲôǣܿ˾ͷ֣Щ¶֣һҪԶݣ
һӶܿͼֶΡǿнЩܿ죬˾ͺȻһĶӵصֱЩһ˵ص
ȻЩ׼õҲ⵽˹Ƶĺཫǲ˵ص
Щʲôôǵı壿΢΢üͷ
Ҳ˵֣ʶͨȴʲôûпҶ磬㿴ʲô
Ҷһֱ΢˫ۣľ֮ȥ鿴ֱ仯ѯʡ۾ӦһɽƵòǺ
ǺЦʲôνˣûˣ˵ЩһֻԸ壡
ҲδáҶҡҡͷһָоһЩΣգǿԽȥѣԾҪСģ
ܹǿ޵ģȻһԴԲڡҲҶɵΪСôʱ·ˡ
˵˵ͷԽ䱸š֮С
ҲʱԶķлһɱȻһλʱûһãеĻ޶ȻĳҶ֮У
ȻҶʦҲʮԴԲڡϢ֮һ󷨾ͺȻ۳ױ¶˳
ౡ
ŭĴѾסôȻ֮ʧˣ
Ȼл޷Ӧǰ˿϶ǳ֮СȻ֣ǣȴѹѹһƬܲһֵϷ
ǳΧˡͷŸ߿Ǽܲ͸Ļǣҡͷ̾Щ޵̵ȷܸߣֻ֪ҪԼѿסƿȨҶɵյľأ
ȥ̽һ¸ǰǰֹۡ
ǰԼ֮л޷
ȻЩ״鲢ʲôطС
żҶɱ˱ۣѲһ㹻ʱ˼ԲߣȷʵûѣңҲȷʵȫƿػڴ󣡡
˶٣Ҷɼ˵ϲԭвһרģһרڡǷϸ߿գǾͻᱻЩ޸ûǣǿ߽ֻҪǽӽ棬ôǾͻѣֻǣûȫ󷨡ԣĴڻԵ÷Ӧ񣬸չ䱦Ļᡣ
ü˵вμ仰˵һ
Ҳûô򵥡Ҷҡͷ˵ǵǰ𣿿Ƹһʵȴǵĵ֮õΣաʵԼĳŵǣʱƣǵĵĿܻˣΣվͻٴвǵ
ҶΪս˼⣬ܹ֤δԼͲƵġ⡱Ҫ֪ǿߵʲôӵ鶼пܷ
ɫصĵ˵ͷҲ˵˵ҲпǹѡΨһ·ȻǵĵΣգ
һʱղʲôֻҪȻɹˣͲκ鷳
ǣȴʱʱ̵̿ģпǿݶѣ
ҪǣǱղֹһ֣ôǵ˵Ǳʱʱ̵̿Ľ䱸Ż飿ľɱ󷨶һԵĿ־壬һԵĿ飬һڴȷʵԶĶڿ־嵱У
תһ룬ҲòЩ֮˵˼·֮档ȻҶʦڡȻҶϰԵľϲ˼һЩ˼ֶΣǣҲûйֲ˼·
ͷĻޣҶɳ˵һָоһأǱϵµĶˣпܰȻɹ򣬾ǳһƬʱգҲò۷
ǰ𣿡ĦȭơôԡҳԴԴԲ
һֶΣţĴڳҶɼûʲôȤϾַһǿɣ㡣
ԡֻѡѧϰҲΪҶһֻر
롣ҶûɡҲãֻҪȷ֮ܵ󣬲شͺá
ǺһθĬĬĿʼ̽

һȾǰʱ䣬һǧԴԲǿ
Ҫ棬ȥЩڵϵġҶָָǰ˵ЩĲһЩ󷨣ӦûǷ֡ƾ͵ϮΣжջ񣬾öջһʦҲҪս
˵ţҶһЩϢʶ֮С
΢΢˵ͷһĿĵǱȥ
ڵϵĻҲܶ࣬ΪεԵʣǲеǰܼҶɲµ󷨣һϿ֮أߵĻȻȻıѿϿ֮еĻǣҲûͱ֮ϣǴϿ֮ס
ҶɵҪֲͱ֮ϣϮɱĿҲͱ֮ϵģеϡϡǿޣ
˵ϡϡ䣬ʵÿ֮أͬһͷԴԲĻޡڴ˲ԭǼѵˣҪڻɱĳһͷǿ֮ʱĻ˲Ԯϼѣ
һǧר־ĲٿһǧȻǰСЩͬһ־ƿأûиǶ˼
нú·ЩԴԲķ˵ֻɲʱ˲ƹȥǣȴķʮʱ䣬ƽǰأ
ҶҲľ֮Сۿſܵձ仯ûиоκβ׵ʱҶɷŸȥһȫźš
һǧ͸һ㣬ϿͱڡҶɵ󷨹ͣͬлͽ׵ԭһ̣ĸ˷·Ϊһ壡
𡢻衢ᣬ˻ֻЯУ޼ĸоһֱľ֮Ҷɣȴо̣
ܸǿǿȱȱĻȴûԿ֮ҪҪԿءʲô
׷˼ͬ峺ȪˮһʹҶɵļ⣬Ҷɺյ˵֮ؼȴֺ˸ãСģ໥֯ĸ֮Уһγˣ
ѸףѾγ֡
֮һɲǣһγ˵ֱͺʱ䣡
һͷ޺Ȼ䣬ĻǾȻȫûзӦͺͬͲһ
ȵлʶͬʧʱѾгͷޱɹɱһǧҲͲ֪Զݵʲôطȥ
ģ
ų˲ЦݣҲ˿
ղŵɱǰʱɲǵʱ䡣ǣǾճ̶ȴڳⱲӵľվҪ
ҲǺЦţɫ΢Բ԰סɲǵɱķ˴ľ͸֧֮£ȻԴԲڣҲЩԳܡ
Ϣʮ졣ɱлʬպˣ˵дôҶ΢Цŵ˵ͷҶˣۡʮԵüҪ
ʮ֮ٴγ֡
һΣ׼ǵķҲܼ򵥣һøܼЩʱͱϡҲһһģûжٷ϶͵Ϯ
ǣһȴΧĻ޳֡ҡǴĹɱ
ɱɱɱɱʹ죬ҲɱѸ
ǰɲǵʱ䣬һ¶ɵ΢Ц
ˣҶɵͷޡ
ȻɱĻ޽ʮͷǣһεɱؽһǵĲá
ǺЦôķΧȴֻʮͷԴԲĻΧһôܷסеطҿû֮ǰȫǷϵģ
ôˣûµĻԴ˵ʱ˹طôܲǿޣ
Щľƶϣֻ˵һĻ֮䣬ûȻϵֻе󷨳׷֮һصصĻ޲ڻһ壬ֹС
ҲЦǰЩʮ־޴󣬿ǣҪϵϣüʱȫסǹ˴ʧϢһʱȥһǣǸӻң
һ˼ƶ̣˼Ƴڼ˵ĹͬŬ֮£ϵϵĻ޲ϼ٣Ҳֻʧܵķɲʮ
ԿһµصµЩˡ㷢˵Ҷ粻ǸоЩҲΣǳٳٶڵܾˡ˳˳ˮۼžҪƳܣصµЩƲᰲˡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷľ֮Ҳʱ̼ŵص·
˵ûÿǳ֮ʱЩЩﲻɵҪ̵
־ɳǣսؽݣ£⵽¼йˡ
ǣֻһǿеܿͻȥʮصص׵ЩڲԶֻϹۡ
Ҫ˵ڰֲ֪ʱᷢ͹ʮֲ
Щ๥Ծӡ˵ʶ֮С벻֮£Щǿĺס˱п˲벻֮ѷ̹
Ҫ֪սӵȷƷǳҪÿһγͻأ쳣ʮҲܱ˻̻̲
ͽŮҲͷǣҶɸӦһµصµûзԡ
Сһ㣬ģ
һҶɽԼ͸
Ȼֹʮȷ
Ҷɸ飬ƿȫ֡
ͽḺ䡢ţ
ҪоֹĹʽٶȣСʧʤ
ȶԣʮǿޡ˽֮һ֮󣬻ûγֺгֹǵǿǽͣڵǿ֮ϣǵǻۻͣڵǻ֮ϡǣѾԶԶȲŶӣΨʧһ;
ص·Σû֪ӵصǿֻȴûóȻϿ֮ƺҲǿϵ
ټϣҶɵľ֮оһٶʱ󣬾ȻֻģӦɴ˿ɼصսôΣգ
Сĵģһ˴֮Сȷֵģ״һεɫĽᾧ塣
ʯȵĽг
ͬʱͽҲȺĽȵСģ
Ҷ˫ȻԲɣɲ֮䣬ͳ˷һ
ͿһֲĹ㳯ſһʱѸȥ֮ڣʱͲֿԽȹʱ˺ѵȭ
ɲ֮ԭһʱУһ޴ĺҪҶɵһֲײһ޴࣬խʱ֮Уʱһ˵ľ޴
ҲȻˡ
һ壬ҶǼȺֵʱҲʶԼЩص׵ķҲû

ŭĿԲɣȻǽǧԱ
Ҫ֪ķɲҶɵ˵ÿһ𣬶ᵼһ̶ȵɡͬһʱķ࣬ܡǣֻҪٸһͻطɡ
ǧԱͬɱ
ӻ꣡
ҶߺȣıѸٷѳһСƣ߽ҶɵĿռλ֮С
ħҲжҶɿռλеǧҲѸжһһꡢ귨˲֣ŬĿĶֻһǾǱסл꣡
Щ󷨸ող֮ʱһɹǿķ֮ͽıУڱ֮еı˲
ӶݳһСƱֻ꣬һСֵķ֮β׷ɱȻˣҶǻΧǧҲ˲˰ڣ
ҺãҺá
ȹӵĺħˣҶڷ˸ŵġҪЩ֮ǿҶɶ֪Լܱܲס
ʱ˿̣һ޴ࡣǱҶɵһǿٶ߻˵صرٻָԭ״էȥղƺ˵ûз
ͽŮȴѾղŵľո˪þòԼĪһ󣬽᷽Ž˵˴ʯǸ޷ǰӦϮ
һΣ̫ˣ
˵ͷ̾˵ʯת׷ϣЩصҲ֪һ㣬ԲŻʯʱǰ͹
ȻЩصıһͻȻϮٰһЩʱ䣬ûнײʯôЩͻ֪ȻϮϮֻΣ˶Ԥ⡣һԿ϶ǾǣһһͻȻϮôģĸսЩڲòԵ״
ԭת׷ϡҶɵ˵ͷֱڣ֪ΪʲôΪʯȶݡ
ת׷˼塣תΪʽ˵ԭķߵ뱾һģһ·ߡǣת֮ķͻ˲ڣ
κһֶͨΣ÷ΧЩֶͨζԸ塢ǿʮãǶԸ塢ܾͻȫʧЧ˵֮治СһЩϡ٣壬󲿷ͨûа취봴ͨпܽɱ
ԣ˭ӵӴ󣬻ת׷Ǿζ˭ӵǿķڿӵ˹
ֻǣ׷Ĳϼ󵽣ᶼֻ崫֪ЩϵĴڣǸûռȫֻһת׷Ĳϣ
Щʯ㹻ת׷
֮УĲл꾪ϲСȻһشңǣȴʮֵáӵת׷һ˶ֱʮǿޣ
ת׷ҡͷҺħݡ޺۾˿Щ㶼ˣ
ЦȻдʯҲϡЩصô˽ţ
ֻǴʯת׷ת׷ЩͷĳʲôһΧɱ֣֮ͱһת׷ĲϸˣȻܣ
۷˵˵Ӧþɣ׳죡
㵹Ǵ󵨡ҶɿЦҡҡͷû֣ھ𣿲˲Ϣʱ䣬Щĺۼȫʧˣ
迩ЦҶ磬ѵֻѹ׵ֶΣҾûɲҪСң
ǣƤ⡣
ҶɹЦԭҼҰôҴˡ
ҶĴˣϵõֻϢʱ䣬Ȼ͡ھ򡱳һԼɣԼ֣
ʱգҶɱصĵ˵ͷ裬Լоһֳ֮
˲ͷϵĺˮ迩ЦҶ磬ѹȫһ˵оҲһо
ҶɸдǧĳŮ΢Цͷòл꼷һš
ռλѩƳСߵƼûҶŬЩ˲Ŭ˵ʱʱԼңʱʱŹո޴ļһ͵͵ߣ
Сʱߵ˸СҲĵͷ

ڣڣڣϵڣ
صȻ׵֣Ǽĳ͵ϮҲβ֡ǣƺһֱվҶɵһߣоյģһ·ھ˴ʯڵĵط
Ȼ󣬾Ҳ޷ھȥ
һΣ˿ЩصģȷʵŴɱľܣƤɺɫͨɢŨŨѪϢ
һѪܡҶü˵Ũɱ¾֮Ψɱֹɱ
ᵣ˵ǣûɱ¾֮ģ
䣬һҶɵĿռλд˳
ս֮ɱڤս
֮ɱС߳СһԽš
붯һ
ЩѪãҶɶȻҡҡͷȥɱ
䣬ҶɾͻѪǵľۼ֮ȥ(δ1723.ڴ󣡣ģ
Сӣһˣսôࣿ
Ȼ֮䣬һͷѪܿԡ˵Ϲ֮ҶɴѧһЩԻö
⻹Խڴһ˵ҶЩЦ
Ҳսѵһֱ
ȻܣѪܶȻ˵ߣ
ϵľ棿Ҷüǣ֮ѾˡҲû˭ȫŻڴѵǻҪķ򣿡
֮ƣ
Ҷɲɵһü仰Ϣḻ
ȣѪܳˣ鶼ԣûƿڴһսȴԼ
Σ仰Ҷɣ˵طܹǿסǧԴԲڣ
뵱֮꣬ķܹӰһޣʹԱ˵У޷ܣҶɺǳԾˡ
񣬾Ȼһַ򣬿úԴԲڶòͷ˳ӡʱ䣬ܹƿ󷨣Ҳ
Ȼ仰͸¶һϢǾǣΨһս
ǾսɣҶЦţһʱ֮УȻӿ޾Ĺ
˭ѹ׵ֶΣ˭ѹ׵ֶζ᲻ϸĽӡˡҶɸˡ
ͷˣ˵ģѹ׵ֶҪǲ࣬ǿԷڣ
ɱ¾Ǿ;ɱ¾ɣҶɵǻ֮УƮը
Ѫоһ£ȵǿ꣬Ŵɱ¾ʶͨȫ仯
ٸ˶ѪܡȻȫͷΪѪܵϡէȥͺѪϵһŧ
ߣһ㻹˭ɱң
ҶɺǺЦţҲų֡
ѪЩŭԼһԴԲڣѵһԴԲûгɾ͵Ĵڣ
ȻҲ֪㵽ʲôŹ֡ºüԴԲ㡣ǣ߾ߣԶ޷ǿ࿹⣡
ѪܵੲݣһɫĹâĴߡէȥЩâͺѪڵѪȺࡣ

Ȼ֮䣬һâĳһŨĻɢѪܺԻ
ղʲô
ûѪף졣ĺâһЩŨɢ
ãѪܺȻ˶ԾȻɵһתۣ޴ĺͳһݺ˹ȥ
ǡޣѪʮ־ȣûвʲôʱ˻ޡ
Ѫ֪ͷ޿϶ҶɵɱЩޡЩѾˣûϢҲܶû޵ĹͨǣͷԼеĻޣһʽʽԼϤͨԼĺ˳
еĻޣôŪģѪܾ쳣ǣڲѰ𰸵ʱ򡣸ղ죬Ȼйأ
ģӰ꣬Ȼ໥ɱ
ȷҶɶһܶԸЩѪܡ˵ҶҲɱֹɱǣҶȴ֮Ҷȴܽһ͵͵һͷͷ޷ɱ
ǲ㣬ҲͬǡҵҪǸѪܸţ棡
ҶɺٺЦţƮ
ҶҲûţһһֻŻѪܲɱҲ͵Ϯһ£ﵷһֶͨζǿЧȴѡ
Ѫܸŭˣôʱ䣬⻹ͷһαϷˣŪ
޴Ѫʧˣȡ֮ģһӷ׵ĺ󺺡ͷѪܾȻЩ޲ܹͬûΣ
Ҷɵһ
ֻĴڣֻñ츳սǣܹĴڣȴʩչͨ
ڣѪܻûΣǿʲôص㣿ã
챦󷨣÷õҩģ
ʱ˿̣ҶûѪܵȻԿ֮ġǴȻԿЩҲȻܺܿһ֡ҲҪɱѪܡĿܵС
ҶɵĴЭ֮£ʱռϷ硣ǣѪܻεʱҶɶʱʶЩ޶ˡ
Ȼֻӷ׵ĺ󺺣ʮָ֮ȴɫСٷڡÿл˵ǰһɫСȻǻ˸
һܽ޳ɱǣһȥ޵ľΪԳֵ伣
ѹֵصµ˽թԭΪ׵ѪѾ˹
ҶɰŵʱǺ󺺴ЦСӣΪѪܡѪʮģʮֵ֮ϡѪɫܣС޷ġȰ㻹ǲҪνԹ԰Դ͹һлֻ꣬أ
ЦͺǵشݺݻҶɵʶǺݺݻ˵ϵģʶ
ãһֱӹʶ
ֱӹʶȲֱӹꡣǣʱֱӹҶɵ˵ʶȴҶ޷ټ޽޷ټӰ꣬û޷ɱ
̶Ϣʱ䣬ԳΪѪʮĵѪܡȻͷˣƽҶͨţ
ûսپˡ
ҶҡҡͷһߵֵѪʮĵͨһȻӻķΧܿ졣ϵĻͽᶼ档
һɽ֮ȻϻͽĽŮĬûеֵҶս˿ռλ֮С
ˡȫȫıҶѪʮĵǰҶɻİ߿գһͷͷ˹ڣѾҲû֡
ȻҪӵѪʮĹЦӻСףʲô·ӣ
ʮɫСȻɳ뵶֮ϸϸĺ˿ʮСȻһ󷨣
̣С̳
ѪʮľȻ򵱳ǳ󷨵ҶɣҪȡ׽С㣡
ֻʮģʮģһͳѪܵѪɫ棡ڴʵ̫btˣ
ҶһţһѰҳʱ
ѪʮһʱҲҶɵ䣬żԼѾʤৣʮɫС˳һŴٽɣ
ֶȷʵԸֽƻǿúʡѪʮķЦУӻԱ仯ǿߡǲҪıʯӵĶвٴʯӾƳ˲ת׷ӶǲԶ
ЦǴҶɵţһֶֹΡֶȻǿȴп̽ٶλáҶɵĲ֮ʮ˵ãڶԸͨͬʱͻᱩ¶ԼʵλʱźɫֹҶɸѵĵ
Сߣ
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷɳӻһһ
飡飡飡
ĲѪʮĵ壬ҲѪʮʱգһźɫҪһʱգ
ݣҷΧʱ飬һֳɫС˽ȥЩûܵӰĳɫСǰӶȥ
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âѪʮԾ֣ҪȥЩɫСǣıѾõҶȴָ졣ѪʮľͿһӰɫСʧ
̵ģϵˡѪʮĵţɫС˻
źɫûˣǣҶɵɫȴء
Ȼ֪ҪɫСѰƽܡѪʮģȫǳڻڴеĻޣ
ֻ㣬ɱĴڣпʶҶΪʲôᴦĻǵģɫСǣ˵ڻڴеĻǣȻ£Ųʶ̫ɱѲɣ֮Ҫڴ󲻳ɣ֮Ѿ£
һ⣬Ҷɵʶʱʱ䣬ҶɾͶľ֮ȥϸ鿴ǣһȴʲôûв鿴
ȫʧЧ⻤ڴ󲢲ֻǻڶѣ
ʲôľ֮ʧЧ
ңľ֮ƫȫʧЧ
ǻڴͬʱҲоռĵط棬Ѿһ˿ģǿ򣡡
ľ֮ûôǣ֮ȴܵκӰ졣ϸϸҶԽԽʶӰԼԼ޷صʵĿ޷յصһһģǴӰ죬⻤ڴ
ͶˡҶɰ뵽֮һоռһ洴һǿ챦ֻҪʣ챦ѣ
ܽͣΪʲôҪıỤڴΪֻռȫǼ챦Ļռ򣬾͸û취Ƴֻ֮
˵Ӧûһ챦ʲôԱ֮ѡпܱ𣡡
ģҶɽͨԽԽʶԼӦô죡(δ1724.Դ
ڴһ˿ģĴ編򣬶Ƿıֻأ߿ô˵νԴʵֻأ
ⲻѰֻأܹǰмͳͳĨɱྻ޺۵Ŀֲֻء
ڷ˵Щ΢Ĵ˵ֻ֮ǰļҲҲǣЩϸߵĴ˵ּ䣬Լܹ߲㼶Ҫϣ
Ҫߵʲô̶ȣ
𵤣ͺпʰ䡣ԪӤͿͨȷʰ䡣
ǿڤڵǿߣǾ͸˲ˡ
ϸڤǬϤ¶ɷȥΡ
ϵʫ䣬˵Ĳǿڤǿ߽֮ܣ˿ڤǿߵ֮ܣ
ǬϤ¶֮ǬϤڽ¶֮Ǭǿ¶֣
ɷȥΣһ˵ˣԶ֮ȥ֮ҲΣ
ڤڲʲô㼶ѣ˾ؾѡ
ϣ˾оͻ㼶Ȼ˾żɾླʮ졣ԼԴʮһ㼶
ǿ࣬һһߵԴԲʱͲٺֻתֻҪһ˿лԶȥնֻ֮Сò˶೤ʱ䣬ԼһεЦǿ֣֮
ҶԼǸõӡ
뵱꣬ǰ֮ǿȺѲҰæ˱ᣬòʩչַ꣬ת
ת֮ľ磬Ծ˵ٶȷ̶öپӢΪ֮̾Ȼ
ⱾǸ߲㼶ڵƣⱾζšֻҪ겻ԼܶɽԼͲǿбѹ
ǣ˭õ̤ԴԲ֮󣬵һǳԽԴ֮ʱԼȴһһģ
Ƿӣд߰æͬһ䡣ǣ֮۵ĴܴڣԼȴòһмȫʧĶѣǺεȵĳ
ķǿڴ˴ڴ˴編Ҳڴ˴ֻҪгֻ֮ʱԾɴڣķҲ˱ƵĿԣ
ʱ˿̡ҶѾˣΪʲôԼռǼ챦ڻһƬƬ½Ǽ챦ܹ֮Ϊ֮ԭڣֻҪܹеһ尲ȫֻ֮УǴķȻȻı¶
ЩѪܣΪĥڡЩѪܵգһ˿ģĴ編ΣաԣҪЩѪܣͱһ˿ģĴ編ˣһйͨǼ֮
֮֮⣬Ӧûһ֮˱ڣҶɻãͷԼ֮ЩãƺҪǵõϡ
ѵʦҪѰҵģ֮ͬػģǼ֮
ҶһĥţһµֶΡ
ֻ֪Ӧô컹ԶԶ֪ѣ
һԾݳܹԸѪʮĵͨȻûܣҶѾʶѪʮĴһ˿ģĴ編һ֡
ЩԻεģԼֵѪܣӦþһ˿ģĴ編һ֡λѪɫ棬һλԽһ˿ģĴ編һռڣ
ڣڸѪʮϵЩѪܣѪʮⲿִ編һݻĴڡֻѭ򽥽ȥԸЩѪܣ
ĿһŧĴһһҶʶˣ֮ģһ˿ռ
ʿǴϰ΢ͨʼһ֮ҲǴ΢ķݻ֣һݶϡ
΢ķݻʲôڣȻֻ֮
꣬Ҷɴֻ˲ֻ֮ܡͿʼֻ֮֮һߡȻΪ˳ɾͲ֮֮ܣǧաǣϾרоֻ֮ԣֻܴͷ
ⲻǵظЩֻ֮ǿ߹ĵ·ôֻǿߣΪδû˵˭˭˭籾Դ
ֻطǣȴѰ֮·ֻطͲ·⾳Ѱ֮·ʵһ֮·
򵥵˵ȥЩֻ֮ǿȫˡǧеֻشǴ֮
ڣһ΢Ѫܵοֻ꣬ط򣬽õֻشҶɾ˲ƫеĿԡֶͨΣҲʹ֮ܣ
û뵽һǵԴ֮Ҷһݣһ߰Ը̾
ͬʦԴ֮ͬҲ֮ʦԴ֮ܣͬҲ֮ܡ뵱꣬ҶɲǾԲ̨ġһ֡߷ȴṳ̂һҶΪԼԶ̤һ컯Ūˣǲò̤һ
ʶ֮еĲõģҶȴ㱾ãԼһվؾԲ̨֮ǰ̤ȥؼĵһ
䣡
ǰ̤Ҫһʱ䣬Ҷɾ;ԼһƬȫաƺȫģǱŵѪʮģҲƺģ
ѹ֣ʦôȷԼ֮ȷ֮ѹ֣ʦȴô׵ģͬҲԴ֮
ǰ粻ǰѪʮҲԭԴ
ʱ䣬ҶɸоֻҪԼֶܹͨΣⲻø顣ôԼԴԼѴ編ԼͿԲռֻأ
ǡ
Ƭ״磬Ƭ״ĴڣĸоҲ磡
ԴֻΪѣֻΪԼ˽ģǻޣǻʹ
һ壬ӵйеĸ顣飬ĸ飬ǻ磬ʶĴڣ
ʦ볬ԽʦȥǣҲͬ᲻顣ԣͬҲԴ֮ҵ֮
ֱһ̣ҶɷܵˣܵһС

Ϸ죬澳ԴڸԪʱ䣬ǵһĴڡ㣬Ը²
澳ԴǰԴնˣԾһҪ澳УƵνġԴ
㲻ϿϷ
ִ

ⷬԻɽȾذ˺һӡԼСʱʱ䣬췽ų̾˿һ֮̾Уװ˶ٷḻУװ˶ֱڣҶɷ֪
ڸԪʱ䣬ڵȵ˸ӣû뵽ȴǸ֡ˣ㲻ԸΪʦҲΪ㡣ȻܴһƬɽȣҾһĻԵҶ૸ŵ֮֮ԴⲻΨһִ֪ԴҪԴ
ʱ䣬ǰٴα仯ͬһ㣬Ҷƺδһ˿ҷ(δ1725.Բ֮
Բ硣Ҷɲ߽
ǰǸһ˿һ˿ϡȣԼĵ磡
ڿԲͬʱҶҲȻԼľ֮ҲޱԲ
Ŀ⳯һѪʮϵѪܿȥҶɿǵĳҶɿǵ㡣
ĿѪʮɺģĴѰٵ׺Ŀ⡣ȻȻģҶҲѪʮĵĳѪʮĵ㡣ڣҶɵĿˣѪʮҪЩʲôֶΣʲôͨ
ǣҶɵĿٴ뿪뿴𴦵ʱͻȻǴԲ˲һжعԭ״
ѣԲѣҶεҡҡͷ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ֪ˣνġľ֮ʵǡԲֻ֮е˴Բ磬ľ֮ݻ£׳ΪԲ֮
ֻǣղִԲĸоʱʵ̫˵㡣ǰ󲻹ʮɲǵʱ䣬ҶɻûüܣûüѪɫ棬Լûüһ
ָо˲ʧȥʱһּȵʧвϮͷҶҡͷ˵ǡѣԲѣ֮ʱһǷϵʮ
ûмߣûм任ֶΡѪʮһ۾ͿӼıѪʮĺȻóĻӰ֮ҶɸΧס
Ҫͬնһ
ҶƮƮѪʮĴһһԼʩչֶͨΣ˺εľĴ飡
ǣûѪʮļУȴֺȻüͷ
װŪ
ѪʮľȻӦҶķˣԼնɱ
ճǼûáɱɱ
ѪʮĴһһӰһСҶɳδӶݣҲҶʩչεͨȻһӦ
óӾ˵ֶΣҶɿ϶ˣһ˿ֻ궼ӵóοУҶɾȻĿѪʮģûκγֵļ
־ܡѪʮĺǾȡ
ռλҲ֡
ǲ֪ղŷʲô飬ǵȻ֪Ҷɸղŵ׿ʲôֻ֪ҶɾȻˣ
ѣҶ磬ѣҶɵıС
ģӦҡҰѴѣѣֻʣһƲл꣬޲óȥݺݵһš
СҲ̴УСô죿Ǹô죿㡣Ҫң߾ͺˣ
ѩҲ¶֮ɫһת÷ɿ죬Ҫҳ취
һƬѪʮĵһмնҶɵı֮ʱҶ̲ס˸顣
û˭ҲûԼŬĪģôݺݵĴ˸顣
ǱݺݵĴ˸飬ڿռλеıҲͬݺݵĴ˸顣ʱ䣬Ҷ˹
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ԼԼĵһУҶɲûмͨȥֵǽŲ沽ǵصķ֮ߴ
̤һʱҶɵĵͱ仯һСС΢㡣ֻСС΢ವһӣеѹз֮䴩˳ȥûܵκӰ졣
ʱѪʮĵ˫ͺݺݵĽ
ѵֻܣѪʮĳЦ
ֻһξմѪʮľѾʶеķͳͳʧЧˣԼ֮Ҷɸƽ
ѪʮҲʮֻµľɱͨδ֮ǰֶͨȥҶɵԼȡʱ䡣
ҶɻǸûпӼԴҶɣҶɻǸûпӼԲ磬򵽴Բ֮ҶɣôѪʮĵĻֶοһáֻϧڵҶɣѾǸղŵҶɣ
ӲƣҲûжѡҶɺǺЦţȭһ
һ
Ѫʮļʶһܹȭ·֮ϵȹʱգ÷׷ֶͨΣȷʵǳ
ѪʮȴûжٵġϾԼ֮鲼˷ƾһǼһʱڣܽԼ֮Ƶ
ֻҪʱͨڣֻҪʱҶûд֮аѳôѪʮľµľɱֹܼ̬ͨ
ѪʮҲãԼӵ㹻ʱ䣬ѪʮĲûо쵽ѹǣȥµͨʱ򣡣
飡
ѪʮĺȻ֣Լ֮׷飬ԼӰ׷飬ԼıҲͬʼ֧飡
ʲôͨ
ѪʮľУ֮ǰҶɵĵش𡪡
⣬ǴԲ֮(δ1726.
ʲôǴԲ֮Ҷ࣬ѯʡ
һ࣬ῩЦȻռ֣֮
ҶɺǺЦ˵ռ֮ҸԸһ
ʲô֣Ůͬѯʡ
֮ҵ֮
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Ѫʮĵ䣬Ѿȥʮʱ䡣
ʮʱ衢Ὣ˸׳졣Դھ˳Ƴǧת׷
𻨷ʱ䣬ˡʱû뿪ҶɵĿռλ棬Ǿ˼ŵʱΣŬ
ħѩ顢ԷҲץʱѪʮȻˣ滹ʮڡ棬Ѫɫ档
˵֪Ҷ֮ԳٳٲԼΪӦ֮ǡЩѾˣԶܴռֻصϹǿǣѰֶξܶԸĴڡ
Ҷɡ
㣬Ǵɽ¿ʮˣûз֣ɽµʲô⣿
ǺǣҪ֪ҾҲԴ֮ˡǻרԼɣȥԶĵطٶչεԴ
͵ŮֹȥԶչһʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䡣ĶһϤ
Ѫʮĵ̡
Ҷ磬ʲôʱģͷһһ
һתЦϲˣԲ֮о
Ȼ
ۣҶ磬ڵĴԲ֮ȫһԴԲĿˡȻûҪҶֶȥ͵Ϯ㣬ĸԴԲֵܹˣ
ҶɺǺЦɲ˵Щ֮ǣ¾а취ƽҵͨ˵ЩӾԶϹż֮У˭֪ǲǴʲôֲϹ
ⲢҶɹǫ顣
ʮ꾲ɽ¡ʵӵĲɽ£ɽµǰԼδ仯
ϵӵУҶԼĵԽԽʶΪԼ֮ԼԵľ֮ΪԼԵľ֮Լܹ辶Բ֮
ʶջ֮⣬һЩ֧΢ĩڵСջ
Ȼ˵ҲǾ˵Ĵջ
Ҷɸ̾ţסŮʮҿʦһЩʦܴ֮Դ֮ʦ֮⣬ҲһλϹʱڵϹԭ档ǸϹͲֵܵ
辪ͺ˵Ҷʦ
ҶɺǺЦţҡҡͷûôϾֻǸϹˣûпֱʡ
ͷ˵˵ʦӦò̫Ŷԣ˵ʦӦбֱ֮ﻹҪµӹðգ
ҶЦҪҲ²ˣǲҵʦ
һδΰҶҲϲܳɾͽָ߶ȡ˵ģ֪ǾԲ̨һ߷Ҷɲ֪ҪѶ೤ʱ䡢̤Ҫһ
˵ˣȥѪɫ棡ҶɽŮһһǧģѪɫڵĸɽ֮ȥ
һ·ϡ
ǧصѪǿߴ͵Ϯȡ뵱꣬ϵµΣգҶɵΣͷ۹öꡣڣ˳ֵģɵģҶɾͽϵµǿһһ
ĽһЩģ񣬳ЩͬӵԴܣ֪оηռֻصԴԲ֮⡣Ҷ˵ԴԲȫֵ
Ҷߵĺܿ졣
һ·ϣûκвԼҶɵٶȡʱҶڳһΡɽ֮ۡ
Ѫɫɽ
ɽ⻪ƽǱɽһ㡣ǹ⻪ƽ֮ѪɫΨһ¶һɫӡǣһ۾ͻᳯǱ߿ȥ
ͽŮˣǱҶЯţոɽƽ̨֮ϣĿͲıһɫӡǸ˹ȥΨҶɣվ΢΢ЦѪɫ棬ѵ㻹װŪ
Ȼ㣡
Ц֮УһһϮػߣ˵Ķƾճ֡
ССĻӡȷߵĿ졣ѣô򣿡ѪɫЦݿ䣬ûһɱ¶
ССĻӡҶЦһס꣬ǾѾУ԰ˡѪɫ棬ҲҪװŪˣԴһɱѪʮ֮Ѿ֪㲻ҵĶ֣
Ѫɫ滺ЦݣǰϷĶ֡
һ˿ãѪɫ˫֮һȻͿЦ˵ֻǡޣֲСҲôʱ䣬㱻ɱҲѾνˡ
ҶЦҪνΪʲôҪΪʲôҪоӡҵǰ㻹ǲҪصĺã
ҶԴʷһлѪɫ治ɵðԳԾͷ˼
ʱͽŲý
ԭǰɫӡǻ֮ðҪҶڣҸͶˣ
һµͷҪ־ֻǻ˰֮һɲǵʱ䡣Ѫɫı£ԼһǧһҲոȥ
Ҳ̾˵һѪɫôֻжôлϹǡֶжôǲ̫Զ̫Զˣ
ͨУ֮ڡƾŻͽľΪӵԪ˧ͷεģø׳ƳָͻᱻķеģһԪ˧ͷΡ
ǣҶߣʶһǿߡȻ֣ԼֻǶôСĴڡ

˼ãѪɫ滹ҡҡͷΣƲҾû취ÿ·˵Ҫͨ㲻ֹҪңҪҵ֮һطȻѪܺͻΪϣƳһⶾҩҪûⶾҩܰȻߵˣռλеˣһˣ
ͽᾪȶݣҶȴɫƽɣΪһͨԵ𣿡
ѪɫһĴָ̾ûͨԵʡͨɫζ涾Ůˣ侳ΪҲ޷ֵ涾ص㲢ֱǻǿ߸˳ȥ㹻ߵĳ̶ȣ֪ˡ
ǵֻأ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷѹֻпܰȻȫԺƽദֻóǷҩͺˡ
Ѫɫ濪ڣҶɾͼ˵ҲҪʲôң֪а취⡣ܱܶǿࡣҿԱ֤ҴĽ֮һѣҲڵ
꣬ҶԴΪջͶΪջҪһ
ʮľǱޣҶѾ֪Ѫɫ֪ѪɫһΪɶĬĬܶ
Ѫɫ治ɵ΢΢ݣǣ룬Ǿս
ȳһȭ
һŻɫ۶ɵȭӰ·Խһʱɵһ㣬Ҷɳ˹
᲻ɵ΢䣬мȣǲ֪ô
ҶɹһЦӭͷһȭֻһ޴ĳƵû衢Ůվȡ
ŮһãԼѾܸ߿Ѫɫսˡû뵽ѪɫȻӵ˿ֲս
ҪûˡһٸҼҲѪɫĶ֣ᰵԾ
뵽Ϊô࣬ȴԾɲܰʲôæǲ̫ϲˣ
ҶߵǿߣƵĸпƫһЩһʱеţǼ⡣
Ҷһģһ˵ѪɫƴͨܣһߺٺЦ裬Ҫٺ˼룬СĴСƨɡ
ѽ
費ɵ˸Ҷô꣬⻹ͷһҶ˿ɬĵʹٻףͲ֪ģţǼ˳

ͽ֪ҶΪʲôһ̬Ȼ˵֮ԡǣѪɫȴʮҶɵҪЩʲô
ҶҪĵʲô鷳顣ǣǿԹ֮£ҶɾȻȥ裬̫Ѫɫ澪ˡ衢Ů͹ѪɫʵսһѪɫȻ֣ԼҲ͹Ҷɵʵս
ɵãѪɫսӱǣ
սʹ죡
Ȼ֮䣬ѪɫӰʮģǡһǼǿͨԾǴλü
˭֪Ѫɫ涨ʩչҪҶ֮ľ롣ǣףΪʲôѪɫ˶ˣͨȴһǼǵļ
ڳ֮ˣΨҶһ֪Ѫɫ浽ʩչ˺εͨ
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裬õ
ķ֮һ
ŮһЦЦ֮ŵζҲ֪ǾϲΡ

ѪɫֻΡ
ΪٶȾôˣԶĵѪɫǴѪ֮ɫ
ղŵĹ죬ٶȿŵ˼£ԲųֵѪɫӰģ֮ǰЩͨѾ˳Щͨڰ·ʱѪɫѾɱҶɵǰ
Ҫ֪Ǵٶȣûдκʱ֮ʱ֮ʱʱͣͣÿռŤҶ֮ľ롣ôҶֻûʱ֮˳Ƶ
ǣֻǴٶȣ
Ѫɫ濴Ҷɶʱֶ֮ͨͨΣпֵܿסԼĴٶȡȻѪɫʹΧҶ߹ƮȥѰҶɴڵ
ǣҶȴûмͨȥȥֻһʽͨһ
ѪɫͼʶҶɵһҶô˷ɱѪʮĵʱѪɫѾˣԼҶɵĶ֡
ǰҶͨƴʱѪɫһдЩҶһܱ
Ѫɫ濴̶ʮʱ䣬һʽܱͨʮѾܿţ˲ˡǣѪɫû뵽ǣҶɳԼķݺݻһȭʱܾͨȻʮ
ҶɵȻ΢ЦΣһҵͣ
Ĩ˰ǵѪգѪɫٺЦҪͲѪɫƾʲôȥҪ㲻ҲԸһһģӲд
ֱʱͽŮ֪ԭѪɫֻڿҶɵʵսѪɫֻҪȷԼ׸òҶɣòøҶ
Ҷ΢Ц˵ͷðɣȻ㻹⣬Ҿٶ¶ЩֶΡղ˴ٶȣһΣҲһҵĴٶȣ
£ҶɵβûκƶǣѪɫȴѾĵɴ˫ۡڣ˫۸ոյɵԲԲʱҶɵƣѾļϡ
Σ
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ٴλص⴦տ֮أҶɲɵøп֡
ֶֻҪЮл꣬ѡڣȴŲҼˣ
챦ռ֮УϤ챦;֮ʱҶǶôĽšһ̶Ҷͣ̾뿪ң˻ڴ
ʱҶɻһһ
Ҫȥ˸ɼܣˣԼо飬ԼôӶݳȥ
һԵĽҲ겻ѣֱ̾컯Ūˡ
֪ڴ󷴵˵Ե£ƴҲҪԿ챦ɡһչʶһ̾
ǻڴֹҶɵĻԵͬǻ衢ᡢ˵Ե
ĵرͲٶ˵ˣʵս棬˶˳˵ǿҶɣɽֹһ㡣ǣǿԲڣǸӣ
Ҷ磬ȻҲл꣬Ǿȥɳһʰȥצ͸û˷ˣ轿顣
áҶ΢΢ЦǼȥʰɳһ壬˳Щţġ
ĵرһݣ˲çײ鿴Ҳܲ²һʽţͨ
ҶҪоһ¡βܽڴǼ챦
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Ҷɣף
ҶЦ㻹ʸף
ڨڨӦûԶĵ֪һܣѵûκȤ
ҶЦҡͷڵȤǣĲл꣡
΢΢һɵþֲҽ㣬㣬ʲô
СҶЦӦһμʱĲл֮һ֮ӡֻҪҿңӾͻѿݻͨ
ȷֻСѣ⻹ǵҶ亦ӵѧϰСֶΡ
ǡܶʱ򣬿Ʋ۵СֶΣȴ𵽼侪˵Ч
Ĳҽ֮нԶҶһʧȥټҶɲȥ׷ܹǰԼȥ׷ɱл꣬ôлͻԸٶԶȥʱԼǵͽ޹пܱһʱΧлȡڴ챦Ļᣡ
ЩϹŴܾԴҵĴԲ֮ײ٣ҾͺпıֶΣ
ĬһлȥķҶɼоȡ֮
֮󣬻ڴҶ˿ռλ֮УǼ챦ȴ¶˳ûбͬʱȥ
챦һ¶ʱ򣬵ǿһνҶɵıֽ챦ƺһֵҷֱҶΪԼУ
Ҷûжٵֿͱ챦ռ֮СڣѾɵֵͿӴϻ˼ӡȻӴͱ֧飬ʲô޴в
ҪԶԶ
Ҷɵ̹ǣ챦·Ĵһ㣬
㣬ǻڴеһֻֻѪ״̬Ȼһһ̽챦ʱ֮УҶɺĳǰл˵Լ֪һܡأܾβ챦Ͱɡϲ챦ԭͲһ챦
챦µøˣҪܣȴ·ӡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʲô£һûɴԲ֮һ֪ȥʵòңҵĴԲ֮깤ˣ֪һʵòΣ
챦ٶˣƺĲٺ£ǣҶɵЦݸӱ䡣
ҪƭңҪԾۼһԶߣҾţҵҪʲôܹߣ
δ䣬챦ವһӼԶ뿪ǣܵúܿ죬ø졣ɲֻ֮صҶɵǰ
һεĶ߶£ϵĶ

챦¶աžڣΪʲô˺Ҷɣ
ʮоѾһһ۷ǣҶɻڼо
ⲻһѰ챦ѰĵطڣȻ֪ңΪУ
㿪ʼȡڴҶûʶ챦Ȼ֮ʲôǧ˿Ƶϵ飬û׼ܽ˹ȥ
ͣҪôлͷֳһƣ챦֮СҪôҵĳһУ챦ݡǾãһֽͲΪǲǣʲôͣ
Ҷɻţͷһνӵ⹫׳Ҫһ˵
ҶɵĿռλ֮У˶ĳ˼ܹҶŵ⣬衢ᡢħˣһʱģôܸ𰸣
ʱˮ֪Уһ˵ȾͳĬ˳ʱ䡣ڣԷһ˿ڣţġ
˶һҶҲʮ֣СţпƲ
ûϾ˼άԾ
Ȼ˵ԷûмѾ׵ԴԲţġǣǸţģѾԷ˼̵ӡ
һ룬һླĴڣһԴڶ޷׽·ߺۼĴԽǺεȳɫش󴴾٣
˵Ժţĸǽ⴩Խ¡֮ֻͨûʲôطȥģ
ɴ˿ɼţĵĴжôˡ
ǿĴڣ˼άҲ϶ԾҶ⣬ǳ˼άܽġǣҶ˼Ĵڶȷ˼άġˣȥһţ˼άãǷĴڣȷһõĽ顣
ҶҪ˵أо챦ķԣͽŮһ⡣
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ţ˵ǡͻԶĴڡĹţΪ㼫пһ޼תϹŴܣ
Ʋⶼ侪ˣȻͽֻǸһ顣ǣһľǵĸо
Ҷɡ
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ûҡҡͷҶ磬ţ˵ˣ͸Ź죬ֺпǸ֮ӹϵϹйءʲôģҶĳɾʹԲ֮򣬾;ϣҵˡţĽ飬ЩԶŵż̽һ˵ܹ֡
Ҷɵ˵ͷٶԡ(δ1728.칬
Ҷɻʱ䣬ڽ챦ѹԼĿռλ֮󣬻衢ᡢֳȥתʱ䡣Ҷ뿪ҽܵأһλص֮ͨʱͨӵзŵĴڡԼ֪Ĵ峤ȫϥҶɵǰ
Ƶĳʱؾ֮УҶѾ˺üΡᳵ·ģһһá
ˣܵģħ˺᰻׽Ҷ˻֣˺Ȼ뵽һҴԽ֮ȥ
ҲһȥˣΪЩϵͳ˧
ȻҵͻŮҶɵңʵǲҪȥˣ
ûҶɺǺЦôãļˣ
һһϣҶɵʸ칬뱱ԲˡԼһ£һη룬Ѿȥ˽ǧʱ䡣
֮ûгɣ֮ȴòҶȥˡţҪȥ̽Ѱһ£ǵõ⵽ʲôܡ
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ǣţȷʵǷȻҶɵ֮ͨϣĲõĴһʽµͨʯݸһҴԽֻҪòСӵķڲͿԷĴ󵨵ģȥϵκεط
ҶûоܾţĵǱʲôԭ򣬶ģģľãţȥԼջ
ʱҶɣ󲿷־оǴԲ֮ˡǴԲ֮ǰľ֮ԣҶ֪ԼܹģģӦδܾܿʵɿδ
Ԥ֮һֻܿӼδԡȻԼͨܣǿнеһָֿΪõĽ
ҶɵĴԲ֮һ󹦸ˣôʩչʲôͨͿ֪Ψһδ
裬ᣬԼȫԼĿռλҶҲһҴԽ󡣿ٳ칬ڵĵطԽȥ
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֪֪Ϲľŵʦ֣ҲѾɾԴԲ
ǰսû뵽ȻϹ䱦ЩϹ䱦֮УȻ˿ٳɾԴԲ챦һ̶ֻ̼ǧʱ칬ȻʮĸԴԲ
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ۣһû˵죬Щ˵
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Цʦǽе𣿡
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ĵ˵ͷȻһ˵ǹѡܣҲ
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һʱ䣬֮˷΢Ц
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СӾȻ칬ȥ֮ʱ仹Զûʮ꣬ôͳˣ
ȻЦҲã£Ҳö˺룡
ֻ粽ͿԽʱգ֮С
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УҶôţ棬ôȴԴԲѲɣҶײ治ɣ
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𣿾Ȼ˵ֻ
һӵһ׵ԴԲ֮ܵˣƿһео
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ЩֲɵӡȻóϹڹڵĺûᣬҶɸɱ
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һЩ֪Ϣ칬ǿֹ߰
˵׷Ң׷ǳѾ׷óԤ֮ǧʱ䣡дţ֮ŮͬˣȫҶɵҡǴǷʵ죬Ҷɱɣ
˵Ϲ졢ιԼȥһϹܵأһЩ顣ʱ˿̣ȫ칬ڣĸԴԲڣΣ
Ϲ͹ԴԲڣλ֮ŮԴʮһ߽סټ֧ǵĸ߽ǿߣ㣬һҲֻԴԲԼʮԴʮһ߽׶ѡ
һˣа˸ͬΪԴԲĺֵܡټϷ桢桢棬ԼλȽϣʵɱ
Ǿ칬ΣҲѾ֮ΣλҪǿɱҶɣ˭ûа취ֹǣ
׷Ů
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ǿɱҶɣ᲻Ů²õӡǸͲںɱҶɣǵ롣Ȼƣ˶ǿŪ֡Ǵ̣
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ϺǣСӾȻף߽֮еĳȴЦСССϣҳūɡҲɱ㣬һúÿһū࣡
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ҲһϹ֮ܵУײһĻԵԲųɾԴԲ˶Ҫˡ
ҲԵͷ޵Եǡø֮һģһԣȻͬΪԴԲһһ룬ҵսȴȲ
ҢĿ䵭Ŀ˿ЦҪΪūͣȷǺ˼ֶΣȶԣǸçʵ̫޴ǿū飬ССİ֮ô֮Ķ֣ӣջҢū£
Ңһţһָᴥһʳָϵһö䡣
ҲҢĳϹܵеıͬΪԴԲڣȴöָĴڣ
ߣֻҪô˽䣬˴ӱ꣬ӾֻڲʱҲؽ֣
Щ֪ϿϹιһƿߡʵƿߣ
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ʱ򣬲˶Ҳһ뵽ҢСٺ٣ôܹ̫ࣿƣ
ĸԴԲڸ˼ǣҢԱø͸øңԶΪҢڲͬҶǳɷĿ⣬ûȳֵϣҲûʩչͨĳϣ৵һӣҢϡ
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ǡָոѿڶʱԭޱ飬Ŀ䵭ҢĪľ;쵽һֲֿΣ֮С
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㱻֮УҲ̣ǵҶɣ
ҶʾõģҲ˼֮Ƕ֪ȻҶܹɫģɱĸԴԲڡôһ֮Ҳ϶סĸ˱ģԴԲڣ
ĸ˱УЩԴʮһĴڣֻҪѸҸǿкwhowhoû׼ܹһˣ
ֻǣǻǵ͹Ҷɣ͹ʱ
еʮǿһţңһҶܹɱǰȽǿ赲֮ʱȴҶɺǺЦС˼
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һǧһӣһһǧ
찡ǧʮһ߽׷˭ķ
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һǿæҵģóһִѶ챦鴫˻ȥ
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죬˼ϻʱ칬Ѿ䶨

Ůгһʱ칬˺üǧְϢڵõ֤ʵ
ʱҲʲôӲӬҽС˵ЩĻϲߣͱҶɵһŽ𡣾ǻ©֮㣬Ҷ޿ƥеǿҲͲ¶ͷˡ
Ůϲı顣ҶΪˡ
꣬ŮƺҶɣиɫǣŮȴҶΪΣ֪ôʵ̫̫࡭
ŮȻһЦȻˢˢģ衢Ů˹ȥ
Ůɫ΢΢һ졣˵裨ᣩλ㡣
𿩿Цߣǽ˽ġ
Ϊ㣬кŮһ뿪ֻˣһ칬߽״ǰԸ̾
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Ҷɫʩ񣺡ʦ塣
ͺüͷɣҡͷ̾СҶʦĲǹĲ硣ЩϹŴܣʵĿֲڣ
ҶһüǺЦħˣһλִֵϹŴ𣿼ʦֻ農գֶ֪Σ
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Ҷ΢΢Ц˭ħ˲ǿأϹŴܸϹŴսҲǿ̫࣬ҲֻǼ˸󡣡
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첻ɵùЦ(δ1730.Ϲ£һ
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칬ڣҶɫ䣺ô򵥵鶼첻ãЩǿϹŴܣһʲôô
ɫ˵ˣͳٸһλᣬ¶ħ˻׽
׽ȥһϹŴǰҫ𣿾ңҲұ֤ӮˣҶЦҡͷѾˣħ˵η
룬Ҷɳߵ˹ȥǵˡúһһһԪ˧󽫾ƫͷΣû뵽Ȼô©
˵գҶֳȵɣǾ͵ӭҵŭ𣡡
ҶΪԼʦʦ˵Ļû֣ܶΪһֻ֮սȻûʤ飡
Ҫ֪ҽܵУҶɾѾħ˵Ҷ֪ħֻһѪʮĶȲϵģϹŴܶѡ
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ŵ˵ЩϹŴҪԼ鷳ôֻ֣ԼͲòǱӴܣ
Ѫɫ棬лĳɹ֮͵Ȼ޴档սûܴﵽĸ߶ȣҶɲż
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ͼͺһۣҲɵðҡͷ׷׿ЦĴԲ֮ȷʵ̫ˡ
ĵԲҪߵ·ܳܳǣվҶɣȴԽԽܹɿܡͺñͼͺػŵܣȻҶɲûǣÿ죬˵䣬ľս֪Ҷܹп˵䣬֪ռܣ
Ĭһ˵ʵҲûа취ֻҪҲԸǷӡô֪ռܣҲκΣա
Ҷɻش𣬱Ӧⲻܣ
Ȼ࣬ǣô᲻ҶɵĸԣʮȻҶϲüƣϲııǣҶȴ۲䣬ǿڣ
˵ڵҶɣ֮ЩǿϹŴǣҲѾˡֻǵĳһǿϹŴܣ˵лսʤ֮
⻹ڽڣûмϺħǣûмһ֧ٳ䲻Ļϡǽ֧û׼ҶϣȼǼλΪǿϹŴܣ
սǿҶɣôίԼǲУԶպѩޣ
ǰ˵ûͺ̾ҡͷѾǸ߲εĴڣôôûϢЩϹŴܣԸʷӡȥ̽ѰǸռܣʦְҿɴˡһ죬һ죬Ҳжٲ𣡡
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Ҷ΢΢˵ͷЦʦ㲦Ҳ˾磡
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ӿ˵ԼԲ̨Ҳֻܱǲѡ֮ЩϹʱڵĴܴǣҲǿһźɥʧ˽ȡ
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ǵַӡˣΪԼԲ̨ӵߵĺôԾɿԱһսҡһĥˣƽӡֶΣǾͲٴγ֡ԣϼһǱȽϰȫ
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Ҫҵ˺Ҷϡͺ˵
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㣬㣬ʲô̶΢΢ֻǣͷֲԼΪ¶Ϊ˷ܶͣĲ

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ЩԾɻŵǿǣҶҲֻһѡĻᣬǿ뿪
Щ˺ܿѡҶɣЩȴԥ˺ü죬ѡ
ѡôΡǰһﾧӨ͸Ӱ󣬱Ȼ̾뵱꣬ΪԴףʩչ츳ܣסõҵѡ񣬾Ȼǳô顣ǣѾΪΪĴ֮һѡɵӰ죬Ҳɴڣ
̶΢ֱڣûȫǣԼαҶɰԵ뻳УԼαǰԵҶɸ˹
ЩҶһֱææµµģ顣ʼ̶ߣ̶Ǹ˼Լ
ڵ̶ȵ˼ҪöࡣǣĳǶȽȴҲҪöࡣģʶҪ̶ʶڵҶɵһĴڣڵҶɣҪԶ飬Ƕٸ˵δ
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첻𣬷ҶɿȥҶɳʦ΢΢˵ͷȻ󣬳ԻӦǰ·
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Уһ֮⣬֮ʼ磡
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ֱڣֱҶɽͼͺսԼĿռλ֮УǷʶƺϵˣ
Ҫ֪˵Ӱͼͺ˾ͬʱĴڣû˾õԣЩԴԲǶϤͼͺǶԼҵ˾ྴη֮ġ
պյĴڣȻҪҶɵĿռλ棬ζʲô
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ԣŭ֮࣬侲Խ侲ĵˣԽǿ
ȷһ£ҪһӾͰսȫ¶ȥ
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Щʱ궼ǰ꣬һܸʱյı仯仯ȻѾ㳲üʮԴԲڴ⴦ʵĻʱ֮СǣȴҲѲдܴѾǰʱ˰ꡣ
ǣҶȴҡҡͷָֻԼ˫ۣ˵ǻʱգҲ㲻˫۾

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ɴ֮һܵصˣһλȽӽڵɵĴڡһܵص֮еһɣڻŵʱ򣬿϶һ԰һǿߵľڣ
ĴڣҲһ㡣ЩˣмܹõĻѹ֣ЩϹŴǣǾܵӴأ֪ģΪ֪ա֪ΨгõܳõĻȥ
עǵڶʱգ涼ĸ̾

ҶɺͷʥŮפ㲻ǰͼͺ쵽ˣһ˿ͬѰζȥѯʣͼͺʶˣҶɺͷʥŮƲЩ顣
ǣȴûͼͺǵȾܹΪԽڻ衢ǵȴڣѾ˵ԤˡûˣҶӵһռ
ԣգ۾ú֡
ǰǰΪʲôߣ
ͺ𣬾ͺû˵ЩʲôҲǵãŻع
ߣҡͷֲ̾ڿǵǣòþôˣ
еһܵ𣿾ЩʣʥŮҶɵʵܽȥɣ
˵˶ʵܣ
֪Ҷڻоν֮Ļڴһɹ֮󷨵ͻ
ֻհ֪ҲӦûзʥŮҶɲȥĵطˡðû뵽ǣԼʵʱ򣬷ʥŮҶ˻ͷ·
ͼͺĶһۣǵУ˾ϲ㽡ҶʥŮ۷֤ǰԼ¡
ǣľϲûг೤ʱ䡣Ȼ֮䣬ͼͺͬʱӦˣԼԲ̨ľ𶯣
ã
ɫ䣬ֻʩչͨǿס˰ǵһصʱգ(δ1746.׷ɱߣһ
psֳ⣬ʲôĿϣ̨ƴˡһͳǸˡ
һķʥŮѯʣʲô飿
д˳һɵĴ߸Ϲ
ʥŮһͬ㼶Ĵڣôܴڴ
ϮɱʥŮú֡ϾԼܸ֮ҶɴɽЭ飬ΪҶʱпܵ˳һǿߵϮɱ
ǣ
ͼͺҲ֪Ӧôش⣬ֻ֪ԼԲ̨ķӦм١
ʲʥŮҲҴֺ⡣ͼͺҶɵĿռλ档ǣ̽ѯĿ⣬ȥ
ʱ˾һµԴԲڣΪˣʩչͨ˷ȥΨаһˣҪʥŮչˡ
õѡ񣬵ȻҲǽʥŮĿռλ档ǣƳһҶɣҧһ촽
ʥŮԼԣ
ĬһСʥŮ̾˿ɰȥˡ

˫˫̤ڶʱգһεڶ
һҪǿѹ³Ѿ˷˵ı꾹ȻǱѹýһ
ҶɷתͨŬԵѹˡ
ͬһʱ̣ʥŮҲԡ
ÿһֻһԡʥŮᴭ˿¶ҵ顣ͨˣļΡ
ҶȴɫءҡͷȻֻһԿ飬ǣʥŮҪˣдϹŴܳ߸Ϲ
ֱϾ죬貽ƣʱ˿̣ĿѾһϹŴܣ
ߣ
ڻԵѹ֮˲ͣ̾ͳߴ貽̤ȥһϹ֮ܵԻᰲһ貽ơ֣ΪƮƮɡ貽ֱϵоֻϧʱ˿̣ҶɺͷʥŮѾûжˣȥоˡ
ǰʱգֻһЩСۣ̤ܿͨȽ뵽˵ʱգϹŴܴ׷
Ȼʱղ壡
ҶɺͷʥŮȵĶһۣǶˣԷ۵ɵ
ʱղ塣ҶɻСʱλn֮ǰѾԤƵֱʡλԽʱգһʱղĺҶؾɱ֮С
ʱҶɣֻ֪һʱյѾ֪ʱյΪʱղ壡
Ϊһ̫ͨաԡԽǸ߲㼶ڣԽǻ뾡һа취ʱղͳͳɱ͵ˡԽǵ͵ȼʱգԽпʱղ塣ԽǸߵȼʱ֮УЩ߲㼶ʱղԽԱ
ҶɽٶȺܿ죬ԣⱲӾֻϼһʱղ壬ǵڶΡ
ѹʦʦӦǿߣ飬һʱղ壡
ҶɺͷʥŮ֪Щʱղ˳һɾ׼һ־ôģôֶΣܲɵ
׷ɱĴڣòƣһֵͬܡ֣ҶɺͷʥŮͺĬĸһ˲Ʒݡʶڼпӵʲôϻؼ
Ȼ׷ɱ΢΢һ㶡ܿ죬ѡͬһĿ꣡
ѡ𣿹ȻһЩ׷ɱǿڣʥŮвɵõ͵΢̾
һ͵΢̾ʥŮˡ
ԶҶͣһۿʥŮ֣
ɹ˫
һѺڰ˫ɫĳҶɵ¶һ˿صɫ
ⲻʵҲǷʥŮⴿǷʥŮȡɡ
ڵСʿɱǣҶѾǿȳ̶ȣҲ޷ʱأȡ˫ɱ
Ҷɿף˫ȻԷʥŮĿռλ档ʱ֮УԼͷʥŮ֮⣬ֻаǵһʱյĳһĬĬ
϶ǰңֻṩ֮Ϣ
ôֻһֿˡʥŮʱյ谭ңԶʱ֮Уȡ˫
ζţӶѵΪԭԼ
ӶԶӲġȷǿǣҲȷķʥŮпƣѰѣ
Ҷɰ˼ʱݵһǷʥŮȥһ֧ͬ˫۶ɵʸҶɾͿ׷ɱиһԲεĹ⻪ͨӲĽ֧ʸ(δ1747.׷ɱߣ
ʥŮҲɵôһԤϹԼһܶ׷ɱʲôвǣȴû뵽ԼһȻֱӱ
ͨһ£ֱӽͨ̿ãǾһˡ׷ɱߵֶͨΣǿƶֵͨ
ȡ˫ѾǷʥŮѹ׵ֶˡֶȻޣһʱ䣬ǷʥŮҲ벻ʲôð취ֻҷ㣬׷ɱ潻档
ԶҶɲҡҡͷս顣
ǺܸߣֶҲȷǿǣսӭеʱֶε֮ȴԵʮֵ
ң߶ʮһȺݺݵһͨ˵ǰֿãӰǵٶȣ
Ҷս紿ǿɱǿߣһ۾ܿٶȣԼʲôϸ΢仯ң֮ӦӦ䡣
ǣʥŮʹͬˡԴ̤ͥһͱ½ӵһطԷʥŮż˺ܳʱľ˼ڳɾԴԲΪһεķʥŮԣĳھ˼ҶûԤϵ֮£Ŀ쵽ҶҪһСǣŵ˸ҶɵʮսܹӳɾͲˡ
ڹȥҶɿܻɷʥŮԼսһϾֻս֮Сս顣ڣ׷ɱ֮⣬и׷ɱ߳֡һﵢ̫ʱ䣬˶
䣡
һȣ˷ʥŮĶСʥŮϾѰڣֻ΢΢һ㶣Щ˹
ಡ
һ˫ɵļʸȥ׷ɱߵٶԱһЩ
ԭ
ʥŮͺһõߵĺһĵЦ
ˣ
Ҷɵһ񸫹ĳ׷ɱߵм䡣ԭ໥ӦǣΪЩǡôĿ񸫣Ȼ֣֮ͨӦͨɣ
ԭֻʱղͨ鶯֮ܲǿӣ׷ɱ߾ͳס
׼ᣬʥŮ˳ɵעʸ֮СҶɾͿһವһֱֱߵ׷ɱߡ׷ɱʩչֵͨȴ֮һɲǵʱ䶼ûֵܵס䡱һ׷ɱ߾ͱʥŮʸƬ
ʱҲһ֧飬ԭһޱƣʱ״Ƭ
ʥŮһҪŹֱߵҲ䴩
ǣҶȴѾɫ΢䡣
ûʱˣߣ
ʥŮ˵ʩչβҶɶȥ
******
ৣ
һߴӰѸͳҶɸղվŵĵط
ӵĵǺܿ졣
˵ͬһ㣬Ķ貽ֱϵҶɡҶûмʱ뿪Ͼ⵽˵һ
Цܣ貽Ȼ׿ţ˶۴˵ءϹԤ˵ֻҪһǿ߻ţ˭ֱϾ죡
ಣ
һߴӰһصʱա
¡㻹ôںϹԤԣ
㻹ǲмϹԤԣ
ЦǸСӣѾı˲Ԥԡ˭˭ѾԶ
¡ЦЩı䣬Ӱֽ̡貽ƵԣǶϹԤԵ׼ȷӡ֤
ǾưɡҡͷЦ¡ҪѸһϢСӵһͽܣȻ˵˲þ֮⡣ϹԤԣԸȥɡ
Цţ̤ҶʥŮ׷ȥߣȻͬǰǰʱղ壡
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ʥŮЩҡ
һ棬ԽߣʱմѹԽǾ޴һ棬׷ǿԽԽ࣡
Ҷɣô죿Ǽ׷ʮʱղ壬ʥŮľѡ
ֻʮʱղ壬͹ͷˡʥŮȻӼʮʱղڵ֮£ƺĴܴڣ
ֻ˳һɵĴܴڣѾˣҶҡͷ֪ˣֺαظҽˣ
ʥŮ֪̾ǾȻֶ˿¡ʲôͨû취Щʱղ壡
ԽǸ߲㼶ĴڣԽӵǿģɱʱղֶΡ޷ֱɱҲʱգʱղɢ
ǰǷʥŮʸһּȿֱɱʱղ壬ֿһʱյֶͨΡڣһͨʱ򣬾ûκЧ
ȷʵǸ鷳Ҷɵ˵ͷĿһ˿⣡(δ1748.Ƕһ
СӺҪˡȻ˵
ȻûпҶɵĿâǣȴʮĲˣҶһɱ
¡ֱ֪£΢һüȻ󣬺ٺЦЩʱղ壬ܹ̽СӵͣҲһջ񣡡
̽ҡͷЦǹڿϹԤԣյ˵ÿһʱ䣬ͰͥһΣðڣ
¡ʾԵΪ飬пܵȵ貽ƵٴοЩ˵ˮƽ˭ߵǼ¾磿
ЦǾͲ£߽Ǽ¾ģСӣ
¡ЦۣɾҲ˳һɵĶ֡˵һֻʣСӹ¼ҹˡһУʹںüϵѷ죡
΢ͣһ£¡˵㲻ҪΪǹǼν󣬻⽫ͺһֻⷨĵĺ֡⼸壬ܿͻó
һĨɫһû΢΢˵ͷٶ˵ʲô

ʮʱղҶɺͷʥŮ漱׷ϣǿҶǷʥŮ֮ľˡ
յ룿
ʱղ岻ûӣֻǱڷӦһ㣬һ㡣ǿԭ˵ĴڽֿʱǾʶˣҶɺͷʥŮǰΧɱһʱղ壡
ߣΪϹȻѾãǣֻƾʱղҲһܹʶȹƣ
һмЦţĬɢȥˣԷôһ˶ݺȥ
ǡ
ǵӰɢŽ뵽ڰʱյʱͻȻǺȻ֣Լ֮ͬʧȥϵ
ôܣ
Ⱥģ˶һͨȥ˶һͬ齨µϵ
ǣûκЧ
Щʱղ岻ɵͷһǲ֪Լʲô״ֻ֪ӣıԷһˣ
˵Щеʱղ壬·Զ۵¡ˡҲûпףҶɵʩչʲô
㿴𣿵󷨣ԣѯʡ
ʱ¡ҲˡӦӦ󷨣Ҫ貽еˣȫҪ֮أ
𣿡ʲô󷨣ܹôܴڵ۾
¡ɫҲø

һһָģʱղ嶼ɱҪ֪Ҷɵ󷨲Щʱղ֮ĸӦͬʱͰ¡Զݣ
ʥŮɫˣֻԼ˳һɵĴܴˡЩʱղѾΪ塣
ûҶɫģͷƶ˿˹ȥǣܴʼû¶档ǵĺ«ʲôҩ
˳ҶɵĿ⣬ʥŮҲ֮˿ȥʵǵģʲôΣգ
ûҶɳĵ˵ͷ貽ƵıʣȻǱѰֻϾ죬ͿԽصϹܵءôǾӦȫֹǽ룡
֮ԻѡϹܵأʼԭΪ˱ܿЩ˳һɵϹŴܡͼͺļƻֻҪҶܹĳϹܵأЩ˳һɵϹŴһôӵ㹻ʱ䣬пܻյʤ
Ϊʤ
˭ܹɾռԲ֮˭ܻʤϹԼԼ֮£ʧܵɣֻԶڻʤһɣ
ЩӵԼԲ̨ĴڣҲһҪϹԼҲ˵ֻҪҶܹɹռĴԲ֮ôҲû˭ܹս
ڵǶ֮ǰһ޴սֻߣǾ·
Ͱ¡ʼղ¶棬ҶɺͷʥŮͷѹһصĴʯͷȻû׷ɱߣǣȴȸղŻҪϾ
ԽϣʵǵٶȾԽ˲ʮʱ䣬ڿҪӽƾĶˡ
ʮֲ죬ΪʲôûʲôΣյʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬һԵĴ˵ʶ
Ψǿ߲ܵǶ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶɺͷʥŮ;ãԼƺײһºʵĴǽ
˷Ӧ͸Ĵǽȴʧ˾;ǰĳһ䡣
ǡǶ
¡¡¡¡¡¡
һͷͷ׺ݵޣһ֮ŭţʱпܳ(δ1749.Ƕ
ǸЩҰ޴򣿡еһͷͷҰޣʥŮ÷˼
ֻҰ޶ѣʲôǿޡʵϣǿΣȲ㼶Ĵڣ˵ǿˣ˾ǵʸԴԲڣһɱһɱһ˫
ǶڴѹͨҶɳӦ
ǾƽͨʥŮмƲƲ죬ҾͲˣѲɣƾ£ƲԶʱͨܣ
Ҫǲòֿأ
ʥŮһʵ㷢ʲô
Ҳûʲôһ͸ǽѣм䡣
ʥŮһϽҶ֡Ȼִһ±Ӳ͸ǽ첻ȥ
ʲôֶΣôҾȻûвʥŮ
Ҫ֪ͨǿ󲻿£µǣͲ֪ͨȻϢģԼʩչ˳
ƸǽıʥŮȻƺЩƣ
ƣ󷨵ͨ档ҶѵõĬһΣ˵Ҵǵ氡
棿䲻Ҷ˵ʥŮɵ촽Ц˼ЦȥʥŮɫתǣòᡣ໥Ƕɡ
пܣ
ĬһʥŮ̲סʵѵͲ취һʽͨƽ
취ʱûͷ
˵ʥŮҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôźˡȻ֪Ҷ󷨵һ˼ƶ̣˼Ƴ˵˺ϼһܰǶͨƽ
ǣʥŮȴֻеĻΪֶ֪Σܾ֮ܿĻڴ࣬Լ֪󷨣ֶΡ
󷨡Ȼ貽ڴؽǶϵѵΨһһԽ貽еǿߣ

ʥŮ֪ǣҶɴ˼Ѿ֮ת˳ȥ
ȷڸոս⴦ǶʱҶ̾ͷǸԼͷʥŮͨΪˣһͨԼʱоǿ󷨹ࡣԡһʱ䣬ҶɾʶĿʼоǸ֮ͨ
ңһʼҶʥŮһҲһʽͨȻܹʥŮС
ǣһһģӦŷʥŮʱҲһһģʼ˼Լʶľ
Ψǿ߲ܵǶ֮⣬ǲǽǶǿߣֻһԻ뿪
Ȼ֮䣬ҶɻȻʣ
ѹ֣˳һɵĴܴڸں貽ֱϡѹֻ֣һЩʱղսԭ֪ˣһΨһ˿ԻȥĽǶԭֻɽۻȻȻģҺͷʥŮ֮䣬Ϳ϶һˣ
ǰʥŮֻ̲סѯʣǲ֮һǶڿֻһǶһǶ
𾪵ҶɣûȥʥŮڻûǶİ֮ǰҶɲǷʥŮھ̡
˵ǷʥŮ˵Ҳ²ֿԡ˵˼ҲǵԼԲûиԼ
Ͼ˼棬ӦñҸǿ
˶Ҷɼȥ
ǿɽۻ֮໥ƴɱҲ˷Щʱղ塣ϾЩʱղ壬ܹЩʱղ壬Ǻװ쵽顣
ʦʦҲ˵ˣСܴڳ߸ҺʥŮϮɱʱղ壬Ȼáݣ
Ϣ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷɵ֮â˸
£ǶȲ㼶Ĵڣ
Ϊ˵Ʋ⣬Ϻ߼Ʋ⣡
Ը˷ʱղ壬Ϊ֪Ǳؽдһս
֮Ի׷׳貽ƸҲΪ֪Ǳ˵أ˾һս
ǣ֮䣬ƺûǰսļ˵ͬһеĴڣ޷սνġǿߡָĲǸˣĳһɣ
Խ˼ԽˡԽ㣬Խľ
˵ʦʦҲ뵽ʥŮһȥĹ޷飡
һʽӰεͨɴڣǽһǿ߸
һƺΨԼǹ¼ҹˣ
Ҷɵɫɵ¶һ˿(δ1750.Ʒ򣡣һ
ҶĬĬ˼ӽʵʱ˳һɵĴǣһһۼư죡
ĿˣϹԤԵȷ׼ȷΨвһɵǿˣص貽¶Ŀ
է֣֪֪ܽ貽֮ڣľܣϹʱڣд޽ӽԲǲʵ飿
˳һɵĴܴǣһ̸š
ҲһЩ˵ԴԲڽ뵽ʱ֮СǣȴûȤЩˡЩ˵棬ľưеԼӰ
֪ʥŮ˺ҶôˣѾھôʱ䣬ΪʲôûгɹǶ
ţѰʲôˣ˭ֻ֪ĵľš

û೤ʱ䣬˳һɵϹŴǾȫˡǹЦţһƾ죡
һɵĴǣڵʱɣκһ˶ҪЩ֮ǣڵʱҲԶȲ˳һɵĴǡ
ԣֱڣҲֻǲ֪败ǽڡֻҪʱյĵھ죬ôѾԽǶ
֮ٽǶᱻƷΪսȨһʱ䡣Ȼûжͷǣȴпǵ񣡡
һ˳ɵĴǲǶУǸ·ҶɺͷʥŮǶ¶һ˿Ц
Ҷֻǹ¼ҹˣôȺսһҲ䣡
ΨһıǷʥŮܹŽһɣһְҶɡЩ鷳
ںܶǰǾѾڷֻһɡ֮һԿͼͺҷӡࡣټϷʥŮȴĴ油Ĵڣһɻͳһ
Щܴ֯ţǶʮ㡣
Ψûһ飬һεģѴһ¡
ҪˣҶɵͽţģ˲þ֮⣡
һ˵ȡȫĬһǾЦǵȷ֮ţĿƽģȻ˲þ֮⣬ôֻʵʵĵĲþߣ
ͺӦⷬƵãȻ֮䣬ǶվͳһԲ״ĹţĵӰǹ֮л
ţģҶɵ˫Խһ¡ܿ죬ֱ
ţȴǳǳĲɡ
ʦ鷳ˡ
ҶɲΪЦЦжˣ
ţҲԥӦ˳ɶʮˣʮ壬ɡʦһˡ
һֳĽǶ졢ʱ֣һɻҪһҶɣ
ڻòþ֮ʱţĻǳˡΪԼõһ˲ĴСΪԼ԰ʦԸ
ǣʱ䣬ţɷֱ𣬵ţԼְţķ֪ԼֻܳΪһĲþߡЩʧߣɹӻ꣬ҲᱻԼĲþ֮ɱ
ҶȴΪ⣬΢΢ЦҪȶ೤ʱܿʼǶ
ţԵҡҡͷĬĬĽ˵ϢȻشֻƷȻңʱ޷֪ͨ
ǶĹ򣬾ҪȫˣŻǿǶţõϢʦһɵΨһǿߵִ貽ʱƷͿʼԶ˴Ϣ
ţĿƷУܴ޷֪ͨĶ󡣿ڣƷȻ˵û֪ͨ
ţľúܲ˼ʱҶɹЦȻƷǲƽ⣡
ʲô
ֻţģǽǶе˳졢ʿһĶ
ʲôЦ˼ǣѾԽλƴܣƷˣ
ͣɴֱϾ죬ֱӽ貽ƺˣ
һʱ䣬ǶġҶɺͷʥŮˣڿˡ
ҶɣǲƵƷ򣿡ʥŮûЦǣĿҲвСĻɡ
ûƵ㻹
ôᡭˣ
ʥŮյһͷãԼ̫ɵˡ
ǰǰӺ޷֪ͨĴڣ
Ǳߣ˳졢ɵǿ߻ûӦţľѾЦԭˣԭˣʦĿռλ棬ȻܹƷĴһǶûκˣʦȻֻǹһˣʦʤ
һĹâţָߡţĿ˳졢ɴܣͺʱпĲþ֮⣡(δ1751.Ʒ򣡣
ǶУܼʮǿߣǵΪǿĴڡЩ˳ɡɵǿһʱûҶЦЩʲôǣûö೤ʱ䣬ǾһķӦ˹
ɵǿߣȫĿռλĿռλ棬ԿƷ򣡡
ǿƷЩܴĴ澴ηƷ򣬾Ȼ޷õĵط
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ζţǶڽУôҶȫԲҪԼˣȫԼĿռλɽۻ
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ҲͰˣֻǡڲ֮ءѣܹսʤˡǣһǶȴһߡӵо֮⣬ʸʱжƷǿߣƫƫҶɵͽܣ
ֻҪҶܹһǶгɹ͵ϮˣһһĴܴΣ֮СôЩܴںɣţĻѰһлᣬжҶ֮дܴڽǶʧܣ
뵽ȻҶֵܹƷĿռλ档ô˵ܴһڴֱܴĨɱİ취
ʱЩ̬ļصĴܴǣѡ˱ţ
Ⱥ϶Ըٺȷᱻ͵Ϯ
ܿ죬жʮ˳졢ɵǿûãʣǿǣҲ׷׼˽
ԭİ¡ˡʱ˿Ҳòòѡ˼ˡϵõҶɾȻȳ̶ȣ
ǶǱֵӣʥŮɵõЦûҪҽˣʵ̫ռˡ
ȻҶȴϿҵҡҡͷһֱȵǶУҲ֪ҵ׻ǷȱЩʲôԱߣҲܷЩȱݡ
ʥŮգգ۾˵̫ˣôȫ
ҶɺǺЦǲѾҪˡҪǣ㶼Ѿˣװȥ
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Ҷɻ֪貽дЩʲôţȴѾƷ֮У˽⵽
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ߣԭȷʵƷڣֻܸƷúöһˣ
Ϊ˳һǸӣһ𣿱˵ֻһŻԺķ򣬾ǵλƴתҲܶù˳һɣ
˵֮䣬Щ˳һɵĴܴǣһһģǿڷ˳
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ڣһԵģʮһܴȫԼţĶʱе㿸סˡ
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ʥŮȵҶɣ취
Ҷȴҡҡͷżһսúܡ

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ʥŮֲɵֻ̫ȱս顣Ҷɵһ֮Ȼ˹
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ʥŮˣǲͣĴѹɣĿĲҪɳҪɵмǲ񣿡
˵ûҶɵ˵ͷǸϹԤԣԣǲȫɱǣҲҪȷɵмǲⲹһԲ˵ˣ˶ڡһɣƺʮܴڡǣΪֻʣ²лˡԣֶֻЩţġҲһûжսʤϣ
ҶѾף֮Щǲôǿɴܵ۹ȥЩǳǱȽϸ߶˵ԴԲѡ
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ΪƴܵϹԤԣڳĴܴǣȫͶ˾޴ľȥоʱաо貽ơ
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ͨоǳƾմʵ廯ħǿʱղ塭
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ڡ
ʵ̫޴ΪʲôһֱãǰʱɣΨеھʱҪΪǽǶڵԵʣΪ貽ƾͲڵھʱ֮У
ʲôսʤɲܽ貽ƣͲԤԵ׼ȷƴֻ˵Ψһʤ߲ܴﵽĵԲƴܿɴû˵ֻΨһʤߣܽ貽ƣ
貽ƣֱϾ죡ԭƴ֮ܵܵԻ֣ԭǱǱΪ貽ƣ
֮ңֻǷҶһšݴƴܱΪǻߡǣΪۻ飬ƴܲûаƴܵƽǣѪӺôһҶƴܡֻҪƴ£貽ƣ󣬷ۻŭƴܾ塣֮ǰƴܶԤ֮貽ƣһ죬˹ΪǿĴڣң߷߲ƽͶʦҶһڵӣҲȮ죬ɾһΰҵ
˴˽⣬ֻϧƴʩչϴ󷨣֮һһ䣬˲ö֪ͳƴҪ֮Ҷ֮ϡԼã֮¶ƴӰ󡣴˷Ҷڴ˵֮⣬ߣΪƴܵĵӣӵгɾͲΰҵĴԵ
ƴ֮ΰҵǷݶԡ
񣬼еλܵΰҵΨһֿܡ֤ռ֮
һҶһڴ˶࣬ԭǻֻΪƴܵĵУֻԼռ֮о̤ǰһڣĿڳǱ֮ϵķҶǺȻ򡪡ߣɹߣ֤ռ֮Ψһߣ
ƴܵԤ԰λһݣ
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룬Ҫֱս
дܴڶõ׼ǣ׼ٳ֣ҲûϵĶսȻ
һǱƴܵĶϢ͸ŨŨϢΧ֮£һڴܴھͻ㱿ƴܣ
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ǺǣҪšƴܻ˿˿ڣڵңҲֻһηѡһηֻһĿģǾǸǣ貽ƵܣԼβܻҵУ
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˵ϣ¶˼־̾ɫ
Ϊʵ壬ⲻľԭֻȾ磬ŻΪӽռ֮
λܸܹǿ貽лøֱͬģҲпˣȻҲ֡ƳֱԴ̽
֮ǰѾ߸˽˵ء߸еһռλﻹϺʸĴڣҲѾ貽֮СҲ˵ڣ貽֮һʮϺʸߣҲ滹и˽롣
Ϊߵһԣҿ˾ģʽ徺¡
н߷ɢѰұÿҵҾͻһ߹ȥ߾Ӯ߻Ǽһһ֡һһٻߣԽһڡͬʱ߽̭һ
̭߻㣬߳貽ƣ֮½롣α߳ߣٴν룡
ֻʣһеĺϺʸȫɥʧ˽ʸ֮λΨһ߾ͻҵĴС
ڡƴº΢ЦǿԿʼˣ
ৡ
ЩܴڷӦǾͱǿзָ뵽һͬĵط
ʱ
ʥŮȷĻǣȻôͱͨסҶɻһ֮У̾ٵǶܿڶֽģʽõڶֽģʽľģʽһ˳ָܷˡǾܽһһɱ
Ψһ鷳ǣڶֽģʽ֮ʦʦ塣кͱǿ˳ҵĵֹƷȴûа취ֹ貽еǿ򣡡
Щ˳֮ܽǰҶҲѾһǾ򡣼ʶһǿҶȴڣҲûа취ֹһǿ
ŵ˵ǶηɱˡôֻзʥŮԭΪƷĿѡҶڣû˭ֵܹ
棬ҿԳƵϵһȴֻӵڶˡҶɻҡͷֽͷҪ˹ǰɱ
ЩҲ̲һηΪɱûôŨңҲûŵԣҶɻӦ
֪Σ
ҶĵľǺ
Ƕηʦʦǿʱ˳ӡˡʦʦ۷״̬ԸЩûʲô⡣Ψк鷳
Ǳߣ϶ѾǶսնࡣȻҶľ͸һЩ챦ǣҶȴʮĶޣЩ챦ô
ԺĴӦòΣասƺʱʲô챦һҾпܸں֮ǰЩ˳һһɱ
âҶɵв֣ÿһâһӰĳݶȥ
ʱҶɣչֳԼû֪ѾԳⷨΪʵ壬Ϊã
ЩӰڡҲ˵ϹʵɷҶɲϴŹӰâ£ҲγɣǰڽǶе޵ֻһƷ֮ѣ
һ־ȽǶҪڶ־ȵһָ㣬ƴܣԶֹǴﵽⷨʵ廯
Щ˳ܣΪһηʵ廯ڶ𾪲ѵʱҶȴѾ˸ϢҶѾ֪Ľʵ廯ҲǾռ֮ԲʮңԶ
һӰâҶĴѰұ䡣ЩʵĶӦ򣬱׷֮
ս棬ЩӰâ˲١ײЩޣֻб˺Ψһ³
ǣҶȴ֮ܡЩʵĶӦ֮УƬΣ
˵شڣʵҲһηѣ
ҶɴûмķˣǣȴˣǷ֮浽ǴӺζ
ߣ߱Ѱܿ죬Ҷɷһ
Ҷûǰȥȡͣ
һҪɱƯƯ
Ҷɵϣ¶һ˿΢Ц(δ1758.սģ
Ȼ㣿ЩȵĿҶɣЦڿۼʶһ£һɴܵкα¡ԴԲ̤룬أҲްɣҾȳ֣
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Ҷһ˵ţһĻ˻֡˾;ķ֣ԼȻͱĹ˲䶴
ʵ廯㾹ȻﵽȾ磡˾ֵĴţؾۡˮ׼Ĵڣɲô׾ɱҶɴﵽֵľ磬Ҳһ˿
ҪҲνֻҪܹߣһܶɽ𣡡
һ߾ִУٻָһ͵͵ģӳȥһ˿
ֻһ˿ֻʱ䣬һ˿ͿԳɳԭ״̬аʧǴ˵ıֶΣѾװ˱ԼԸɵķʽ
ĺãֻҪ貽֮гõĴȥһôԼҲܴﵽȡʵ廯ľ硣νӱʮ겻ȵԼ踺أﵽ߾֮Լѩޣ
ǣõģʵǲпġͼԿٻָıҶɵעһ˿ԶӴܵʱˡҶһߡһ˿ߣһ˿Զ˲ɢ
ӣŵûɢ
̫ˣȫһ
ӣӣӣ
ʹ˲ͼϰֲͬͨͼٴӴܡ
ǣ׼Ҷɣ˸ûκӶݻᡣڣԼشʱȡҪƾЩ䱦Ա֮һҶɵĲ͹ûκã
һʱ֮˳䣡
ϲ㣬һ֡
ʱƴܵȻ
Ҷûκμͺһ΢顣һ̧֣Ǽڵص׵ıȡ˳
ûҶɿʼоƴܵٴ𣺡ѣҪһ㡣ÿֶôѻܵһٻ֣
ƴ˵ֻҪ貽ֻʣһڡͬʱҲû˭ʸǸΨһھͻƴС
ڣƴȴֿҶɡΨлܹһٻ֣ܽڶڡ
գҶ̾ͻȻˡ
ԭѾ˽˺ľڣ
ƴܹЦѹȻһ͸֮ǵȷǵһߡǣ֮ǰȴѾһЩܴڽС
ԭˡҶɵ˵ͷôмָԴĸ֮У
޿ɷ档ƴӦΨӦľڣҲܸǹأ
˵һ֮һɹƴκ
ҶüﰵԲ²ţλƴŪôྺڵΪѵֻΪѰҳһʵĴ֮ˣ
Ԥ֮֮һ䣬ܱӰԶϹԤԡ˵ǿڣҪô鷳ѰҴ֮ˣ
˼һҶɻҡͷԼǿ̫Ĵڣ˼ȷʵܲò¡
ĿǼ档
һ״챦ڽֻǰƴС֮仯Ҷɲû챦ֻɨӼ飬Ե˽һ챦Ĺá
ԭУǿ˽⵽ʵ廯İ
еͥĳЩ塢ĴбͨбЩѡǿǣյǰĸ
˵챦ûʲôôˣáҶһţһ߽챦ͽ˿ռλ֮С
ʱҶɵλѾʮ֡ΪܵЩǿߣλЩᣬ챦ǨĹǿߣǡҶϵЩѰǿߡЩǿ߶ֱЩλС
챦ȻҶͽԼλУû֮ǰñ˽Ӵһ챦˵мҲ˶Ϊˡ
ҶҲûЩסڸλеĴڣȻЩǿ߶ΪҶɵ׷ߣôмĴǻߣҶҲһ
һ챦ͶӰ˸λСҶǺҲ˸λ棬ǿߵʶ֮С
Ϊռ֮Ļʯ֮һܹ⾳ߣҽΪͽ
ȥǿڡڣȫĿеģǼ챦ͶӰ˹ȥ(δ1759.ս壩
ɻɱһõһûҶɷɾ衣֪Ķսûпʼ
˳һɵĴܴڣսҲȽ⡣ɱһֻǵ״ڣ
ҶţԼһľߣѡһη϶ǿѡĵжߣҪʤ̭
ߣҲ˵ֻҪ˳һǱͼпܱ͹ȥ
ҶɱɣȴʮֽšֻѡôյĿԲԼгʱȥѰҺڣʱп˳һɵĴܴڣ
ĺâҶɵ˫֮ɢɳʵ廯򣬳ŸңԶķ˲ƶȥҶɲ֪ǣԼѰҺʱ򣬷ʥŮȴѾգ

һ⣬һ䵶ʥŮʮܡ
ãȻ⼱һ糤̵СߣʥŮΣ
ȻɱٶȼѸݣǣʥŮϷǳ˸صɫ
ȫעǰֺߵȻϮȥпȥѰ貽е
ҶɲϣѡϣʥŮʮԸԼһηѡС
ҪܹѡУҾܴ߹֮ȥһֱڴˣʲô鶼ˣ
ʲôطʲô鶼ˣʥŮҲôġϾʵˡ۵ĸ˳һɵĴܴڣ·硣
ǣͬ
˵رȻǰҵȴڵ֮Ƕ˴ǾͻԶԶĽں棡ʥŮ˼
Ҫ֪֮Ի˽Ƕ貽¶ĿľΪɻһһնɱ˳ܵĻᡣ
һҲȷʥŮԼһṩĻᡣǣʥŮû뵽ǣԼȻһʱֹɽ֮У
ʥŮնɱһͻͺߵʱɵҡͷ̾Ϊս̫ˡҶǵȱ£ôȿս֮У
ڽ֮ǰʥŮҲһ·ɱսƴǡڽ֮ͼսڷµ˫ֹУʥŮԤ⣬ս
ԡʥŮս飬ֻǵͽ״ʱɵġ㼶֮ЩͲ㼶վȫˡ
ΪҶɵѣʥŮʶԽǸ߲㼶սԽҪֶθݡҪȽԼءڳͻ¼ʱƴһսҶɵѣʥŮ벻ԼٵǶӶõһ˳ܵľѻᡣ
ڣûҶɵѣʥŮ뵽˽άȵξ֮С
ʮ֮󡭡
ȥУƴشҲҪɱȥ
սܶ˵ľʮļ÷ʥŮʶˣ쵶ն飬ԼͻᱻЩ߸ʱ򣬱˵Щ౦˳ܿԻɱԼ貽еǣҲһ԰Լпɱ
壡壡壡
ܻ׺Ϯܱ׻ɢΣʥŮҧأɱʮߣ뼸Ӵս֮ڴ⴦ֲɽгɱʱϻмСߺݺҧţһҲɿڡ
žžžƣЩͺĳʥŮԴ˿Ӽλ涼Ѿأɥʧĳࡣ
û⴦ɽȣҾҲ岻ˣ
ͺЩ£ʥŮ̾ҡҡͷԭϥ
ﲽģʥŮҪЩָ״̬ǣû˹೤ʱ䣬Զ˲ƶʱղ֮ʥŮɵɫ΢䣬Ͻ˿ôû˽ȥ
֪ͨܲùǣ
ֱʱʥŮʶԼͨʵ̫̫١ӦǾŻ鵽ʱ٣
ڷʥŮԷʡʱԶǿߺܿ͸˲˹
ǺʥŮɵõ˫һӵǱ˭׷
ոո֣ʥŮͿһӵ˳ܺȻ֡
ٺ٣ҿ㻹жӴܣ
仹һȥˣ
취ҵߣ㻹̫˵㣡
Ǹ˳һ˲佫Ҳʱջ顣ɫķĩʥŮֻо֮⣬ȴ֪ǵʲô
ô죿ʥŮţһʱ䣬Ҳò⡭(δ1760.ս
ʱ˿̣ʥŮ״̬⡣ܹӳսȫʢڵ֮һԵʣʥŮ϶ǺԥϮɱȥһ˳ܣĶ֡
ǡ
ڷʥŮԥʱ򣬺ʩչһЩֶΣʱ˵˵ʱĺȻֲɽȳ˹ȥ
ȥ
ʥŮҲ಻סͬʱҲʩչͨǿϮλ˳ܡ
ʥŮͻȻ֣λ˳ܾѡλ˳ʮԼǷʥŮĶ֡
ǣλ˳ܵսԶȷʥŮҪḻݵľλ˳ܺܿͷˣЩͻȻϮɱֻͨͽѣ
û뵽Ȼش
λ˳ܴϲ˺ֱʥŮ
ʲôˮ׼ҲˡʥŮʲôڣҪɱǼѵõĻᣡ
Ҳ
ʥŮһ߰Խп࣬һǱӶݡǰʥŮոʶԼͨڣԼҪȱˣ
ûӶԶλ˳ܾʩչͨʥŮΧȫʢڣΧɵľܴƵڣʥŮûκ
ˡʥŮյı۾ղҪǲô嶯ͺˡ
ոճֵʱ򣬷ʥŮȻоһͻΧͨԼֱʥŮ쿴ȥͿһȻǺӰ
Ҳ̫ɵˡݵԼߵĺʥŮҡͷЦοա
ǲȻͷɢǱǣ飬ȴǼǿҺͷôǿʥɴڣҲȻɹģľһ
źżʥŮɵô㵴㶡
Ϣ֮󣬿Ӳ͹ۼžҪٱĺʥŮ˵ǿ󣬾ܽһ⣿ǲܵġ
˵˶ʤ졣ǡмʤ죿ںźûνܲã˭֪
ʱ˿̣ʥŮΪֿںֻǿպûκôڷʥŮٹϢʱ䣬ͻšò̫ʱ䣬ԼҲᲽ֮󳾣貽֮С
ö˶˵ı㣬Ȼ
ʥŮ̾ϢţеãԼԸˡԼһǽǶٵҲᷢ顣
ıûд󣡡
ڷʥŮ̾ʱȻ˺ļᶨӦ
ûд󣿡ʥŮ૷ʣǾҪ˶ˣ⻹ûд󣿡
ǲ䣬ֻǵĥʯ
ʥŮЩɵˣȫףţ
ʲôӵĥʯôѵĥϵĥʯô
ڣò˶೤ʱ䣬ѵҪˣҪˣҪˣȻԷǿĥʯҲܱһѸӷı
ʥŮҡͷӾɥھãǸӣһ״ķӡ
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ʮϢ󣬺û
ʮϢ󣬺û
ʮϢʮϢʮϢ
ʥŮˣʵ벻ףΪʲôԴ󳬳ԼĹƣһֱֵڣȥƺܼȥ
Ǳ˷ʥŮôĶս֮Уƽ͵ģ˵˵ʵÿ˶ӵǱΣΡǱޣдڵĹԡ˵ֻҪ㹻ļǿ㹻Ĵһ죬ҲܳΪĴڣ
ǰĻʥŮ޷⡣ǱۣҲ̫˵㡣
ǣ󣬷ʥŮˡҶɵǷ۶ôˣЩǣŬ֣Ŭ׷ĽŲ
Ҫ֪ʥŮôԶĴڡȻֵ˥ڣǣӵһЩҶɵһЩ¡
һ֮УʥŮ˺ļ֣˺İҲ˱ǶŬǰСʥŮһĻһĻĬĬȥģãԼˣΪʲôֵܹڣ
ϸ
ԾпĶսĵһĴˣܽԼӵ쾡¡ˣпھ֮УǿƳǱ
ֻȻԶԶ
оôСУѵΪЩСУųɹļ
ʥŮЩԼƶϣܿеоţȴʶľãǲǺоʲôУԲֵܼڡ
ڷʥŮŽɵʱ򣬺Ȼһʶ֮Ȼ𣡣(δ1761.Դͬ
ΪЩСУ
ҶɣʥŮһô֪룿
ԼҶɲǲĲôࡣرǾ緽棬ʥŮ֪ԼҶֻһ֮ң
ԼҶ֮Ĳ࣬Ҫս鷽档ʥŮãֲ಻ܵ£Լ˼Ҷɸ͵ˣԼȻڹãȻ֪
Ӻļǿ֮żʧˣҵȻ֪룡
ʥŮʱȻԭһֱźļʷ
ǡôδ֪֪˻ȥӺʷ
ʥŮԾûѯʣ֪϶漰Ҷɵܡ˵ԼҶɵĹֻһ㣬ǺܵĹϵ漰޴ܵ⣬Ӧѯʡ
ʥŮˣ֪ʱ˿̣Ҷɿ϶Ѿ˸
㲻ҪĥʯѺǱȫѹȳ
ǰľֲԶߡ
־ģʽ֮£ΨԼ㹻ǿ󣬲Ӧһտ顣ǰ˳һɵĴܴڣҲǶʮܴʵġȴڣúõһսʱ򣬺ôھбסԼ
ʥŮĬˣĬܿͱ˫ۣľ˼֮Со˽ȣҪõεεʱ䡣ԼΪĵطȫֲ
ٲŬܿͻᱻ׷Ҷߴڣˣ׻ӿֳٿֲڣ
ʥŮһţһ߰Ը̾

ʥŮµõҶɲֻǿҶɻӵһʮǱ
Ҫ֪Ǳ۵һλҶɲ޵ķʸΪԼоҶɷŷ֡ʵÿһڣпܴﵽԼֳɾͣпܲռ֮
֮κδڵĸԴ¡ԣκδڵڶƵǱֻҪʱʣֻҪ㹻ŬֻҪֻϻۣôκһִڡпܳΪıռڣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷɻ֪Ϊʲô˵ͬڵԴ̫󡣸ԴӦܴŶԡǣ㲻ԭΪԼ׷һһļǿǱԣҶԼжϡԡҶɲŻ׻׻룬˵һǱۡ
ʱԶĬĬǱŵҶɡҪһǶȣ֤Լжˡ
ǣԭʽϲʦ˵нͥʸûСΪʦĳŵĶࡣǣﵼµǱչŹеľԡ
ԣȻӹʦ²ǣȴԶԶﲻʦ̶ֳȡɴ֮У΢СĴڡ
ǣЩ֮л궼ϣҲиռ֮ǿм䣬硢սΪСһڡ
Ļ˵ѾˣҲѾ֪ˡкڣԼ²ԼȥԼҲ͸Ҹðյȥƴˡ
ǣҶȴ֪ҲΨҶɲ֪Ǻʲôڣӵʦ޷ǿǱ
ڣǱּԶĬĬĴҵߣЧҪǿҵö࣡
ЧǿңζʮΣգ
ҶɲǲĺİΣҲ֪ľ룬Լδܹʱ֣Ǻ޷赲ǿܡ
ǣҶɸ֪Լھͳˣϲ˵Ҳ϶ؽ٣
ʥŮ鿴ʷȴûܲ鿴貽֮ʷʵû뵽ȻȥЩ˵ǿսڣǳ˿ֲ޳
ΪЩҲЩСпƼ򵥣ʵϣҶ۽磬ȥδ
Ҷɵ˼άǺεȵԾڹȥֻһ˼άԾ̶ȿԼĴڡǾյĵһͽܡţġ
ڣҶɾȻ֣Ҳ˼άԾģڶֶˡⲻҲӲ˵ͬ߱ͬԼţģ˼άԾǿ
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ھʱҶѾõĴսһӦԵ׼һһﲻҲûʲô˵ˣֻӲӲģһ

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ʥŮգգ۾ǲ⡣貽Զ͹ˡڣȫеǿǣûܹסԼ
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صĵ˵ͷǰƴִڣǿɲ֮ܵһɵĴܴڣµż֮Уڿ糹ױĿֲգʲô飡
һֱʥŮĿľ۽ƴܵĴ֮ϡûϸȥ룬ƴΪһɵĴܴڣ᲻ˣҲҪԼԸ
ȷʥŮĥζ˵˵ƴĴΪʲôҲ飬ƺ㲻֪ƺЩ˳ɴҲ֪жʲôΪ֪أ˭ܶ϶ز⴦ɽйأ
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һʵ廯ͻƣʵҲƴܹΪ֮һʵ巨ڴ˵ջ壬һηʵͻƵֶΣʵȴյƴģѡ񴫳ߵļ
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ԻķʥŮҶɺͺ˲ɵһЦһ£֤ѾʥŮԶԶ˺桭

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