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ݼ:
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ĵ۹ʡС
ףƻ
Ҷƶ˫гһ֣ͳ˱еĽ㡣Щеһ֣ҲеĽ㡣
Ʈɵȹգxue׵ĸ첲tuiÿ٣СЬҡҷ˵Ůˣһ羰ߣ
Ҷϲļھļ޵ļھǶ䣬ŮСǿһ
Ϊʡʡᣬһʱз糱ǰءĽŮӣǰէůʱ򣬾Ѿtuoϵ׸Ưȹӣ¶xue׵ĸ첲tuiеĴСﴩУγµƬ
ˣɫǻĵ۹ϵʵӹ񣬴ӽȥľɫգκεطҪ࣡
źǣʡĽȴûкʡ壬ƽʡĹպຼʡɽ麣ʡĶԼ۹֮׶侩ط߳ɾ
Եɣľɫ˹Ȼ࣬붼ǳ˻ķ糾ŮӣȨһҲȦǣ̨ݶȽϵ΢˿
ط߳ľɫˣ鲼磬̽磬磬Ļ磬ȵȸȦӣеλŮкܻŮŮ֮
һȽϣľɫ˹ȻطľɫҲ٣ȴ³ˣŮӶڸ޵Щ޹Ůһͺ޵
ûʲô͵jian߸߹Ƕ̫̫Ͷɡ
ҶһֱΪŮˣmeiŮƽԸĻԸվǸһάֻᣬԵλ᳤һְΪܷܿĽάȨף
뷨ҶĳλϵܵmeiŮѧ˵ʱЦĲУȴֻ͸ʶåҪseǡ
Ҷ֪ôʻĺ壬˵ͱ
Ҷһ仰å£åĻ
ʷ飬ܽһǾåʲôǰ;åɾͲ˴ΰҵԪ谲åû˴ɽɪʲåĵ۹Ͳ֡ݹʷͻ֣ᷢʵɾʹҵߣåһ㣬ѳԵÿѻóɹ
ȻҲиǾҪåҪĻûĻåֻڻңĻåǳǿĴڡ
Ҷһ仰ҪƤɣ˲Ҫ޵У
仰Ѿ˵һ⣬ǾеʷɲҪʤдɡЩǳҪͻҪʧߣûлдʷҲûкڵĻᣡ
ҶԼܽһ仰ŮǿyuˣǶǿҰĵˣ
仰ʷҲܹõ֤ǳɾʹߣɫǲ̫ɫģٳɾʹ£
ԣҶΪɫҰĵԭǳɾʹµĻʡһŮ˶ĵˣһyuˣжϽĺҰģ
ҶЦݣ˸˵עĿж붼Ůӡ˳úÿҲmeiŮһŮҪ࿴ϼۡѾϰĿ⣬ϰ˱˵עĿ
֣ᴩǵϱеߣҲһֵ
ͬʱÿֵȹշmeiŮҲ࣬ȫҲңңȣǳطҲпɱȡ
ãҶֵжΣһߴʮŲĽƵꡣ
ⴱߴ555׵ıνǵ߶ǰʮڻĵ۹߶ڶ׶侩еľ꣬Ըʡеĺ۴á¥ѾΪȫĽǺοͱضҪȥĵط
ƵǼʾƵ꣬סƵĿˣǸѰ˵ȣҲǻżֵƵǿܵƱӾƵĲֱϰʮ˲㣬ԶͲɹѡ
ʮ˲ϣ˾ƵԱˣֻһЩȨʿʶ龰ͨУƵʮ˲㶥ϵǲ¥壬һԽǵͺ蹵ⱲӶлԽͷɶɣ
&lt;/p&gt;
1һ仰
ĵ۹ʡС
ףƻ
Ҷƶ˫гһ֣ͳ˱еĽ㡣Щеһ֣ҲеĽ㡣
Ʈɵȹգѩ׵ĸ첲ȡÿ٣СЬҡҷ˵Ůˣһ羰ߣ
Ҷϲļھļ޵ļھǶ䣬ŮСǿһ
Ϊʡʡᣬһʱз糱ǰءĽŮӣǰէůʱ򣬾Ѿϵ׸Ưȹӣ¶ѩ׵ĸ첲ȣеĴСﴩУγµƬ
ˣɫǻĵ۹ϵʵӹ񣬴ӽȥľɫգκεطҪ࣡
źǣʡĽȴûкʡ壬ƽʡĹպຼʡɽ麣ʡĶԼ۹֮׶侩ط߳ɾ
Եɣľɫ˹Ȼ࣬붼ǳ˻ķ糾ŮӣȨһҲȦǣ̨ݶȽϵ΢˿
ط߳ľɫˣ鲼磬̽磬磬Ļ磬ȵȸȦӣеλŮкܻŮŮ֮
һȽϣľɫ˹ȻطľɫҲ٣ȴ³ˣŮӶڸ޵Щ޹Ůһͺ޵
ûʲô͵ͼ߸߹Ƕ̫̫Ͷɡ
ҶһֱΪŮˣŮƽԸĻԸվǸһάֻᣬԵλ᳤һְΪܷܿĽάȨף
뷨ҶĳλϵܵŮѧ˵ʱЦĲУȴֻ͸ʶåҪɫǡ
Ҷ֪ôʻĺ壬˵ͱ
Ҷһ仰å£åĻ
ʷ飬ܽһǾåʲôǰ;åɾͲ˴ΰҵԪ谲åû˴ɽɪʲåĵ۹Ͳ֡ݹʷͻ֣ᷢʵɾʹҵߣåһ㣬ѳԵÿѻóɹ
ȻҲиǾҪåҪĻûĻåֻڻңĻåǳǿĴڡ
Ҷһ仰ҪƤɣ˲Ҫ޵У
仰Ѿ˵һ⣬ǾеʷɲҪʤдɡЩǳҪͻҪʧߣûлдʷҲûкڵĻᣡ
ҶԼܽһ仰ŮǿˣǶǿҰĵˣ
仰ʷҲܹõ֤ǳɾʹߣɫǲ̫ɫģٳɾʹ£
ԣҶΪɫҰĵԭǳɾʹµĻʡһŮ˶ĵˣһˣжϽĺҰģ
ҶЦݣ˸˵עĿж붼Ůӡ˳úÿҲŮһŮҪ࿴ϼۡѾϰĿ⣬ϰ˱˵עĿ
֣ᴩǵϱеߣҲһֵ
ͬʱÿֵȹշŮҲ࣬ȫҲңңȣǳطҲпɱȡ
ãҶֵжΣһߴʮŲĽƵꡣ
ⴱߴ׵ıνǵ߶ǰʮڻĵ۹߶ڶ׶侩еľ꣬Ըʡеĺ۴á¥ѾΪȫĽǺοͱضҪȥĵط
ƵǼʾƵ꣬סƵĿˣǸѰ˵ȣҲǻżֵƵǿܵƱӾƵĲֱϰʮ˲㣬ԶͲɹѡ
ʮ˲ϣ˾ƵԱˣֻһЩȨʿʶ龰ͨУƵʮ˲㶥ϵǲ¥壬һԽǵͺ蹵ⱲӶлԽͷɶɣ
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һλڽƵ깤˵Ƶʮ˲϶˽סլװαȴ˵еĻʹҪݻһ̻ҸףǼֵǵĹŶ֮һ˼ĵطֱͲסĵط
ֻһţǸ˵⻰ˣ˵Ǹӡǰ񲻷裬˵Щ֮󲻾ãĪķˡ
죬Ƶӵ֡ƵǰĹ㳡ź̺ӵͣһ̵ֱƵһĴ档
ĺ̺࣬źܶĻֲۺۺͬɫ߸ЬٸŷۺСı¸С㣬΢΢ЦվЩֲļĻӭǽһ˵ķ顣ں̺Ŀ֮У
ĵͣѾͣ˸ʽĳ⣬ǼֵƵĸߵۣˣ˹˹ͺգʱݣӵأ˹գᣬɯ٣ˣ·˹٣ӣӣУڣᣬȵȵȵȡ
Щ棬ҲһЩµϺͺ죬ԼüաЩȻоҪһЩǹŵĳƣֻҪǶ˶ףⶼһĳ
ЩЩȽͨĳˣݸӵȨƸӵǿ
Ҷ˽ƵͣϣĿһ޶ԵӡÿȣŴ󱳰гг֧һһͺ֮䡣
óǺóҶĶûԸ͵Ƴӣ˿̱۸񳬼ţ·Ҳһʥ߹ʣ
ģǮʮţƳҶĵﰵֹһ۱ĳӡ
Ҷ۾ͻȻ¶һĨЦ⡣Լ϶Ǳ߿˿óһѳԼĳӺͱ̥һ
ͬʱһָͶһӨ͸롣âһĴ̥֮С
гܷһűͦıҶǰ
ҶɵһǸȫ̥档ݵİԿ״ϰг̥ͱ̥һƺڿʵʵĵ˵ͷ
վҶŸŪһŤııû˵Ҳϰ߶˵֪ԼоһǰǶˡûа취˭һ¶ôзءз磬Ĵ
Ĩһϵ亹ЩЦá˵ǶƳӣ˶ҪȻƵģ˼ôţƵıһ˼ҳϵһ˿Ҳֵʮ³ǮˣǷˣ
ǾƵ겻ӴĿˡǡ֮⣬㲻ǰﵱгͣ˰ɣɲĵط
ҶĬĬóһ̣ûųڣȥʮ¥Լ࣬Ϩ˵Ļһͷɽ˲Զӵˮ
Ҷָẉ̂ϰ̣ǮһУ˲ļǺѣûбٱ˵ĻɫˡңλһëǮһеĻ̣
ٿŵϴķ׵ļԲʷͽϴŵƽײЬƼһ𶼲ֵʮǮ
ҶҲ봩ģæأǸͷͷǵִ֮䣬˵··ûƨѾǺܸˣ
ȻҶòզأͷҲЩңȴСǱģͿøߴӢƤӨһ˫۾Ϭ˫˳ָ࣬һⳤ࣬⵭ݵʣͲһˡ
˵Ȼ˼ȥʮŲ㣬ǾͿԿ϶һˡֻȥʮŲ˶ӣһҲδؾᣡ
ͷƤг治СòҸ㿴ţǱ߶㳵ӲᶪҲʡñŪûҪ룡㿴𣿡оλҲְҲˣӦܹͨڡ
ҶҲֲͨˣҲ˼ûй͵˵ͷгͱֿųӸűȥԱߵǸط
ӰһͩϣҶллҶֻǿһۣ΢΢˵ͷ͵̾ڵĳƵȥ
ıӰֿ˿гЩЦõĸо
ųãһϰࡣ벻һϰ࣬ܿôĳ档ȻֻΧıȫԱźװ׳վź̺ЩҲвɵԺĸо
3
СţñôԷһЩҪȻһվƾ͵ϰˣ֣߹Цųõļ
ųǸ鲻õľˣ֣Ǳ﹤֣
ųȴøֱˣû¶ϰˡ쵽ʲôӰôˣôţĳȳչأ𾴵Ŀ֣
֣Զĺ̺һۣܵȻǾƵϰգǿһλһţǵ۹Ƽµţˡ˵ˣҪȥǱ߿ɵ㡣֣һųõļԼᣬһȥ
ųþмĿ⿴֣ԶȥıӰһĿбӵĿǰ̺ľͷͣķ
һϺһӳ˹˹ͣ˺̺ԱߣغƵ꾭̩Ͻǰ˳ţһλĸߴߣӳ
˹˹ĳҲ˾Ĵ˳ţһֻɫ¶ֺ߸ЬѩСѾֻСѾ㱳ѩ׹壬ֺͷƲϱһѩۿɰӨֺףɰ֮ж˼ֽޣ
ϸ׺һԲѩСȣŴ¸߸ЬСѾڳ⣬ţһɫžŷٵŮӯӯĳ˵Ұ
ŮͲʮңѩĸȻźζʱеݳƷȴһŹŵŵľա
ŮϴŹװЩϵĳһΪĳʱ˵εΪϵ˷

Ҷ˾ƵţҪ߽ȥͱԵı֤֮ͨ󣬴űͦƷıָҲǸ򡣡ǱߵǸţǹԱָָͨҶ̣У֮ǰϨԱڹڼֹ̡
ҲǹԱֻǰæҶüͷĹػࡣҪ֪ͷǹ
ĵ˵õľǹԱֻ֤ͨǹԱϨ𣬾ͳȥҲԡǱߵĴ̴ллĺǱ롣
Ҷɨһֿۣ˿ţ΢΢ףͱŰ߽Ŷţﾲĵģֻվڷ̨ŮԱҲû˵ܡ
ſڲԶɳɳǰв輸һֻɾñ̬մ̻Ҹס
Ҷһ̣߳һ͸ſ龰ÿŮӳĶһĻ
ֻǣȻͬһ£ҶųķλͬĽǶȻҲͲ̫һ
ҶĿⲢûͣǸŮ϶ãע쳵ĸߴϡ
Ҷ۾ĿǸ˼ۣĿŮϡŮʶ
Ҷһ̵̣̻Ҹûȥ龰ֱ߽˵ݼ䣬˵ݣֱϰʮ¥
ҶáǰΣǺͬѧ߸ǶǸݣϵʮ˲㣬ӸµĿҹԶҹգٳЩ˶ѣͱοûʲô
Ҷ˰ʮ¥˵ݣͿһ̨һŷɫ廨۵Ůǰ̨΢Цĵͷ˵ãòʣȥս㶼´࣬ȴﵱǰ̨ɼƵʮ֮ϣ治ͬ졣
ǰ̨Ůʺ֮󣬴˵ãʾ֤ͨѾѩ׵СֶˮĴ۾Ҷ
Ҷǰȥͳ֤ͨĬĬŮĶĺϵζܺţȴһ㳣ˮζȻ㣡
ҶĿͻȻŨԽϬ䡣ϸĿͣ
ǰ̨СȳȸҶϬͬʵʵĿ⿴úܲǣֲ˵ʲôΪɲΪĿаĿЩ䣬ûа취ţ۾ı衣ԼҲһ㡣
ȳȾãӦҽǵ̼ҡְҵһзĵȻĻĿô͸һŨҵɱأ
Ů˵ĸоһ㶼׼ȷȳȵĸоܶԣҶĿȷʵһЩɱĶǣȴɱһֿһַ
Ҷһܣܣֻ֪һԼһˣǸ̡
4Ů
Ҷ𣬾һֱһΪʮ족Ĺֹ򣬳븨ԡǣ鵤ҩϡ֮
ǰŮǰ̨ϣΪꡱϡʴڡĵ㣬ǿ΢Сκ룬ܹ϶һ㡣
Ҷ֪ŮꡱŮŮ겻ժĻõӵĵһˣº֮ڣˮݽ߶Ҳִҽѧ˵˥ߣ
ǸŮҲضʮ꣬ҲУ
֮Ůϵ걻ժĻŮӵ˷ǳ棬Ҳܳ٣ղ˥ϡ쳣òǷ
ҶŮĻô˫͸ӵľ޴󡣴̵ϣѾʶһ㡣
Ҷǰ̨С㣬ڷܹժǸ಻飬УȳƤⶼѾˣֻʣ˹Ǽܺ;
ÿһŮͬһ͵ŮĲ̲֮ͬҲͬ
Ҷ˺һ۾̾˿ϾֻƲŮģҪҵľλãǲеģҪһĹ۲Ѱңȷ׼ȷλã
뵽ҶüͷϾΧתƵİ㣬ú˧ҲǶĸŮֵ
Ҷ˼ŮϡܱǸ֤ͨģûϧƬģȻмǵͲ̫ˣܱǸܽȥСֶ֤ͨݸ
Ҷӹ֤ͨü˿еһ䡣ЩĴӿڴͳһ־Ƶʽֻ
ȳȿֻӣֻ˳ҲС̫࣡û˧עӣо˺ֶܶ࣬ЩĪʧ䡣
ŮӣϣעĿȳȻһḡŮӣȴҲ⡣
ҶҵǸͷĵ绰˹ȥϼһﱾûʲô̫õӡھԽ͸
ͷ㣬ǴûͷֵŸҶѧԺоԺĲʿʦѧϵΣСʡġ֮һͷһ󴮵ְ
ͷԴһǰҶ֮󣬾һֱӲ壬ŪһֱܷաֶǸåûа취˭˼ѧԺţˣѧԺѧء²òͷ
ҶåֻͣޱɫåͷȻֹ߲һҶûɲǸϼһ
Ҷĵ绰źŲãðҵźţȴҪվڴ̨ϡ̨խҪ𼦶ܹվȡƣóȳرЦ
ιͷ
Ұ˭
ү㲻в𣿡
вˣڻʿڸҵأ
ʺʿýеĸ˵ҰèƵİ
ȡȡڿǸСӰأҪСӰƷβءҵ绰ɶ¶ͷϹһ
ģ֪ĸѧˣϹ治ˣԼѧŮˣҶ̲ѡ
ҶѾԼָˣǵǳͷǲңҾͻȥ㵽ʲôҪǸҿӽ㣬Ժô磡˵žҪҶϵ绰ģӣôôˡǿ벻̣Ҳ̣
𰡣𰡡СҶ㿴òãҸһͷƱæԺ¶ҲܰæҲ֪ѧУǺӴͷڰ˵
Ҷһ⻰͵θڣƨòʿѧλв֪ŮϣǶܸôôͱˣʲôôʶϣǰϹ˵ʵһ࣬Ƕ٣Ҫǲ˵ʵҾͻȥ㣬㲻׬ǮҪ̫࣡
5²
ŮԼȻú۹ͣҲ̲סһݺݵİһۡСŸǱһ顣
ˣһ붼㣬ͷƱ˰ɣ绰Ǳߣͷʮ۵ҧ˵
Ҷм˵ٸҳݣһγͣǮŪأһλᣬҪǻĻСүھͻߣ
ʱмŮ˾Ǵӵ˽Ҷ绰СԳԵЦ߽Ůǰ̨ԱߵʱŹŵʱͷ͵͵ЦءЦö欣Ҷͷ
ջ˸Ŀ⣬ǰ̨Ůġ߰۲мһˡ
ˣϻˣʮ˰ɣѪǱͷĹҶ˵绰Ҷ˵ˡ
ҶϼһЩΰ˳ˡÿϼһԴʱ򣬶Ҫԡ
Ҷֻŵ˿ڴҪЦͻȻ뵽һҪ⣬˵Լȥŵ¶ա
ȳѾ뵽һ㣬Щӣ̲סЦСǶǶǿСԺͽԽˡ
ҶݺݵĶһŮһĭŵ绰ʼŸڴ̨λáģƶ绰ƶҿȻѶ㲻ءǽϣֿŴǽվţеСҶڹͺͺ֦ͷƮҡҡ׹
ȳȶЦˣҲ˸ҶǴ̨ϲվˡֻССӿЦҶոҵźŵʱһűͦװ۾˳ϵĿ˳ȳһۣ̾סЦһӰë
ʱ䣬עݾֹ㿴һ֤ͨ𣿡ǾƵྭ֮һ޼ʣ׼սӵĵ绰˵ˣһѻݳ
Ȼ¶ЩģʱѾˡ޼ͷ˸µҲֻҽϣ绰˵ˮƽܸߣҹ
˹С϶ȶضˡүӵʮٰ˶ء
ȳæָ޼ʵתͷȥһڴ̨ڻǽŵ绰ﲻͣţյͷȻҹػǻˣһȥô㡣ȥģˣؼң
Ҷѵ绰ڴһӣŰ˴̨һűͦ۾жԼȥֱȥ
˵ʵ޼ǸλСǸ׵ˡҪǿúӢĽܣ滳ǸũأôСҲǻٵˡ
޼ʾһɣûҶߵ죡Ҷ𣿡ýŵסѾҪϵĵݣæʵ
Ҷ˵ͷҾǣôˣɻĿ۾Уһ
ģȻðЩҲǴүǶһڣҶͷ̣ܱ۾С
޼һҶӵҶһݣ͸Ͻ˦֡˭ô֪ҵأҶһĽ䱸
޼ʿɲҶĻͷһţ˼˵ǸǸҶľ޼ʣղҴ˸绰˵ݳҾͳһ¡ȥɣ㻻һ·׼׼Ҫϳʱˣ
Ҷô¶˵ͷ޼ʴæ߽ȺðŽȥš
֮ǰҶֵһ£һâ˳ȳȵĺ󱳡˸սЩɻ󣬸оһ£ѵﻹ𣿲ܰ

ųûڿǸմӳŮŮԣһңɼΡ㣬Ұʵʾ벢ңԶ
Ůվڳԣѩ׵Сֶǣһֻͬͬ֬Өѩܷܷ֣һͬţŷʽҲͬʮƣֻǶ˼ֳϵŮӳ
Ůһ䲢Ϣ˾̾ѣ
6ү
ߴ˿һ˶һЦŽýƽȵĲӣź̺ǰȥһ˫Ů󣬲̬ӯҡҷͬ߹ĹƵǱ߿С
ųÿǸˣǾη;Ůú٣ŵȴŵòУ
ֽЩĪǳʵЩͨ죬ͷͱǼⶼǺʱһ˫ͻȻļϡ
ųһһг֮Դ˵һӣһƬհסˣӹû˲˵ǳʲô鷳أ
СţСӲˣҪס죬¨Ӿͱˣ֣еųõĶعԼ컹šһ쬵ģų亹
֣ųûָѣͷſ֣Цŵ˵Сţ㿴ÿǹԵˣҿ߻ħô˰ɡ˿ѾԶ˵ıӰҲЩȣľη
˭ÿǴӹŻ߳Ƶġ治˼飬ϻôŮˣǱЩŮƨǣųĿ˶߽˾ƵĴջĿ⣬㯡֪ŮⱲܿһΣѾˣģ룬Ҳȥ롣
Ҫ̤ʵصĻšǶԵģͽ档ųøղſʵ֪֮ҲǺѣ
֣̾˿ųõļ˵СţŮܿҲˡǸ³ŮƵٶңߵǸҲŮǰɣЦųá
ųõ˵ͷɻ˵ѵŮʲôʵ벻ôǶһŮ࣬ҲǶһЩķϡ
֣̾˿ɲŮˣŮ衣ǾƵϰ壬޹ܣٶСĸסҵһοܵʱҲΪ಻ʮ˾أ֪Ϳ϶ҪŶԡһŮӰ
֣ͷ룬ҪԼܹһţ찤ӶСϧŮԶϡȱԴӵǵĻֻڸ߸ϵôСˣײСϰաʵıʺ࣡
һʱЩȣ֣һųõĸ첲мįˡ
֣Щįų˼ʱҶڴݳ
·ҶǰݳʱΪƵ·Ȼ·۲ߣҲδػ׽ˣ·˵
ҶСĵĽ׺ɫϣͬʱԼƤЬվŸҵĴ¾һۣŪŪͷ
ͷЩˣѾ˼ϣȴ£ںһŪֵͷͶصĻصӦóֵλϡ
ҶԼİ¹Կ߳˸ң޼ǰһЦŵͷããһ˲šپǱߵķţȹȥϤһ£ȻҪõȥˣϰߣÿ֮ǰֻҪԴҪһ£ʲôġ
ҪֱӷŵСҶĻ˻֣һֻӬ
޼ʱ˵ʲôǿλֳǮһе̣ͷһͲӣ͵˵ͷȥԸ˰żֵǵĹˡ
ٱԱͬʩһСĵķƵʮŲĴ档˿̣֮еƻԻͣ޻㣬ӯá
ҹѾϣϲȴֲʧ͸šȫصĸҪ˼üһãΪľǸүף٣
ʮ꣬ϼļǻĵ۹ִ쵳ĸףʮǰġȻϵͷѾ࣬Ǹ*****ְҲôʮݡ
ҵɲǿһү֧š˸ǾĽɫ
Уүӵĳʡʡ߹٣쵳е㣬δʮȻһͻǰ;
үӵĴ־˾Ա˾нΡΪĵ۹ڶλʵȨ۹нƵǰ;֮Զ
үӵСӣûн磬Ҳûн磬ûн̽硣ĿѧҺѧߣҪȫ綼պǰ;ǰ;ǶѾûĻ⣡
7·
ҵĴ죬硣үӵ˼ĸӣôճɡ׵硱֮ȴһŮ⡣
̫̫˼ŮúõȢһµ֡ү鷳ͻСŮһŹֵ֡硱
ָͯ˺ܶķգʮ̲꣬סԼ֣ѡ硱ȥͽ죡
ҪСֻܶ꣬СŮꡣһ繫˾ϰ塣ңҼʮڣǽ˼ûҲ첻Ҳһ
һŮϱһŮҲܸɵĺܣûһ˰
ңûоҷһȨ˼ʢܼӺͰܼŮȫͬ
ҲΪҸʱ򣬶һĳ羴η壡
Ҷһϰ壬ֲſڽ޼ڵĴӲ߽˴Ľ
ΪҲôŵĻҿԺŵĸ㣬ﾭ㻹ǰķŵȽϺáȻûͷǸʹ󣬿ɲҼûáҶ·ùһƣݸܲȻ޼ʡ
Ҷһھƣһ޼ʵļͷﾭҪֳݵĿ⿴ңȻҳú˧Ҳżɣǻʵͯ۵ʵѡ֣㻹ǶûĵĻȰʮǮ
Ǯ޼ʾСڵԼɵӡҲҹأҪ˹˵ǮˣܻŻȥ
Ҷ޼ǻɵĿ⣬ûɶܹ¶İѶעѺҵϡǮңҾͻᾡĽĸɻҲܲĵһãôõ¶ӿڴóһ󡾵۾ϡ
޼ֱ졣˵Ǹ˭Ҷܰīժ𣿡㲻Ǵһʱ򣬾ʹ۾ɣоԼҪˡûд۵⣬λǵôīҪǺīҲͰˣƫƫǽֱ̯ǮһʮǮֵ纸ŴƸ󡾵
޼ʿҶ·ЩҵʡƸ󡾵һͷС춼ʡҲ߯ˣ
ҶͷһѾơܴµһ㶼ûҾҪ۾ݡ˵īɲһīǱ򲼴Ļ𿪹⣬ܴĪ˵ıҴ꼸ʮʮ꣬ûûнҰ
޼Ѿ̾˿еùùĵ˰˱ѪùھϣʱܹһȹǻˣǱټ尾ȥӴʮ޵ˡ
Һã޼ʵʹʱͿҪˣѾ˶ߵ˴ſڡ
үӺʹϱ޹ŮʮֵĴʱӣȻ
˺һŽƽϢǶ׷׵ǰү˵黰Լף
үֻڴ˲ӣͺŮȥʮϢҵˣ޹ԼĮɽĮˮƺӶԼĮĮҰ׺ӶȻԼĮǶڴдˣ̸Ц
ʮ㣬߽һʵŵĿں˵ɷͱŮ߽վ˵ôѹĴؼʱ̲¶棡ǰ·סСֶɳ
˰誽ȻѾʮ꣬Ҳʮϴźɫۣϴͬɫĸ߸Ьͷżŵķ٣䣬Ӻ϶ŷΣĵŹԽˡ
˵Ƥ÷ǳã˵ƣȴҲϸ壬ͬ֬ϸᡣֱͦǶƽ̹׸⣬СɿӮһա̵ͦ棬һ˫¶СĹԲȡϸĽϣһĽ
Ÿ߹֮Уֶ˼ˣ˳Ů˵ķ飡
ɳһ۱ԼСʮһķˣͷ۰Ǹ̾
꣬誼޸ʱʮ꣬ѾʮꡣʱķѾȥ˺ü꣬ӣСӶ꣡
һתۣС޺ŮѾ˵СӵͣѾӣȴ绨߷ʱ
8ֺ
ͷ̾һ˻֪ԼͷúܣòСޣ
˿;õĺܣʵϣҲȷʵˡ˽£ڰ誻ʱ򣬾Ѿû˵Ĺܣ£
Ϊ˲ܼ尾ͰѾֿ˯ܶˡȻǵĸԽԽãѾѺָ֮顣
ÿÿ뵽ô࣬ʮֵĸмϧСޣһŮӣ
Сֶ˵Ц֪ɷڿԼĿ⣬ܹܵõ
Ȼǰû˷֮ʵҲʱѹţûкڹ޸ҲûҪ͵˻
ڰ誵ĿУ壬ūɳЩ
誻ͷĿһ΢Цһ£ֻعͷűŮСֶĶŮŮ治֪ôģôԽԽأҪǰҲСûվһôáû˵ʱЦһСѾͷһ㴿ɰֲʧŮеᡣ
ŷ٣ϴɫϴͬɫľ¸߸Ь׺޹߰˷ֵơֻ˼֮⣬ݵʱ
Ŀɳ˽ϵĸ߸Ьҡһ˫Ⱦɫֺ׵ѩСѾüͷ裬ԺľۻᣬǧɱҲμˣҪøƵģ·˵СǷˡ֣ҪǿڽյķϣǹңҲ̾һĸ׵ϣץһֻСֶ档
ԼСŮЦҡҡͷŮǧģ軹ҪƯԸȴкһУϣҪǸкӵĻ׼ܳɴ
źǣǸŮӣЩͷˡ
ͻȻһ飬һëëҲСˣµ⣬ǵô˰ŮĻ£ͷ顣
֣ҵĻͱˣǲǸ֪Ů˵һСأ˼ҶʮҲųɼңжʮչͽİ̫ˣɲΪλƷǸҵĴүֱǸļƷսǼ޹Ҳ޸Ǹ
̾˿Ǿɣ޲ɣǸСҲȷʵ˵뵽ŮĻ£üͷĸˡԤУǸ顣
ȸŮки˼׼룬Ǿֱĺá췹ʱӦҲˡ¶Ҫǿһͷ飡
һ調˿߰ɣӦ¥ȥˣϾҪʼˣվӯӯߵǰ죬վ
΢Ц˽һۣ͵ЦŮŮһۣЦЦʲôϽûӣ
Ͱǰ߳˷䣬Ҳʰһ£һԶûƵӯӯĸϷ򸾵ĺ档
ĸſת¥˰ʮ¥棬ƵҶŸ󡾵Σٰ棬˫ͬˮӹĸһԼ
ͰЩĿ˹ȥһ磬һīǴĸ٣һ߸٣һ߷ɿĵ١Ƕ֮֮⣬ͺϷһ㣬ȴƫƫܵδŹ
˶һ㶡ǶһۣʶˡᣬͰرҪѧԺʦ٣ôİأ
վڽ޼ע⵽ҷ򸾵Ĳ飬ͷʱһղʵ̫ĽˣȻ˰㱨һ£
Ƶܾ̩üͷ˹ʣСô¶ʦأ
޼ʸϽ˵ʦ¶ˣλҶࡣʦλƳ磬˵ǱջҪܣʱˣҲûа취ʱҲæҾûдкͷ㷲ĿŻ̩λܣǳϿǶԱˣԼһ˭ҪǷ˱ͷѾûбĳ·ԡ
̩û˵ֻǱüͷһ۴Ÿ󡾵ǸСӣͷջҪˣʲôأĶףүӺ˶ЦˣϣƥǴȥˡ
9ѩ
̩һֵ̿޼ʣһĸ첲û¶ˣСȻͲЩ¡ȥæɣѾˣǳҹѾûбİ취롣ȥɣ޹Զһۣͷһ£͸Ͻ˹ȥ
޼Ĩһͷϵ亹ͷ߽˲ţȥæ顣ҲͲٹҶٵ¶ˣкܶҪ˻пԭɲҲˣǾǲԭ£
̩ߵ޹ԣ޹ʣܣô¶Ȼû¶ŭɫǹӵɱ֮⣬Ѿû̩ľս
̩Ůһ͵ϰ壬ǲһη𾴡֪λֶκǻۡ޹ǰСѧ
ܣҲǸող֪ʦΪ¶λҶѹæʱܽʦ֪ͨĺûа취ֻˡ̩ͷһ޹ž¸߸ЬѩԲСȣͷڵģϽջĿ⣬Լıӣǹۿڣڹġ
̩޹ּˣεӵеֻôһСȨȺ
޹һԼֲ̿ѵ̾˿ãûг´βҪٷĴȥæɡתȥŮСӵߣɷӺ͹֮⣬׽ˡ
Щʱܵˣ˶׽Щ¶Ů֮ܣ
޹ŮСӣĽú͹ۡ
̩һһ޹欵ıӰĨһ亹һĨεĿЦһȥʱвɵ룬ղ޼ʣǲҲһһͬʱлúأɡ
ʱҶѾ٣ʼһ׹ŵѩ
Ҷ׹˲ã˾ͶϢ񣬶վ̾ѡˣҲװһ͵ӣһһߵͷĳ
ЩУٵ֮ˣĿзǳ𺳣
Ҷһ꣬ѾЩѷ˼ʵ벻ϾȻ˻ᵯôġѩһֱΪԼҴףѾġѩףڿͲô¶
Ⱥ棬мҲһľ֮ɫҶ˼
ҶȴûйΣվȭ˵Ҵͷףү彡೤ٸһסɽˮǱ˵ĺ񡣡ҲܱηӦ֮һʶȻһ䣬ѲƵᡣ
˶ҶǴʧȴЦɳԣ԰ΣǸٳա
Ҷ˳ַָƵٶȻӵ֮ľࡣɽˮһ㣬ӵģ
֮Ҷһգվߣһת۾ʧ˴ȵʱѾûӰ
ҲǶ֮ˣ֪ʶ˸ˡߵӻڳУ͵Ե޹˵޹ͷϵһ£Ǹѵһٵˣɲܴʧᡣ
誻ع΢΢ҡͷ˵ǲҪˣҵݲʡȻúźѡ˷
ȴͬ뷨˵ˣҲҪ̫࣬ôˡ޹һɫ޹ĵ˵ͷ¶ô
һԭͰĴӵİүվڴĸߴ˿ڳˣĿԼŮϡ
ĽĿԼүӵͷ˼¡ܵģŮԸҪԼǸϢôүү
ҵʮգʮϡܻͣѾ֪ˡлλܹӣΪף١ǸӣᣬҾֱӰһϲѶһ¡ΨһıŮҼҵС¶顣з˭ʱҽӵһȻˣˣͷеˣոˡͣҪǸˡ
˾ĿϡϡУүڷ˺ŮĲ£ʼе⡣
΢΢ĺЦðŻ𣬸޹Сֶүүе⡣ʵͷѾŭòС£ȴүүһ仰Լʲô
ô˵ͻȻ飬ⲻûлᷢͬ
̫ɺˣӦ֪飬ֻνļ档
10
һ̣ǹ̵ģͷȴñһǰүүֵĴȰͳ磬һ̶˵αͶģ
޹ڵҲܣҲһ˼׼ûС˿һԵɷ򣬷ûв֮ɫ֪¶ֻ֪ûиԼ˵
޹ܲãܻɣԼɷУԼǲ˵ռźҪλáڹϱʲôأѵĸ׵ģܹԼŮĻ£ѵûʸ
޹ɣڹɷУŮǲֳĳ谮ǰ㣬ôܳ裡
ģΪʲôһ㶼֪Ҳһ㶼֪أ
޹Լ˵ԼǲȰ˵ԼŮˡҲЩҪλȻ߹߻ּ壬ֱвͷͻȻһ𾴵Ĺһصɷ
޹۵׵ŭϽӲЦݣϵĲɫڲסŭݣԼɫŵӶͷߺޡүӺ綼֪Լ˴飬ĻǹڼЩЩѰ찡
ȵ꣬ĸǳõӦĳһڵ⣬Ͷ뿪˴Ҳ¥
һ߽ͿҶŭȵڸʲô㻹Ź𣿳ɺͳ
عĿԼүү۾ۡνŹ㣬ҪôҾ͵ô𣿡
û˵ֻĬȻɳϣĿüͷ˵ں˭˵Сļ鲻ԼģǶҪôˣ
ͻȻЦЦú̡ܷǰһֱ˳ңҹ޾ΪҵСʵأҽףԭҲǹֻһֻСӡô꣬ΪյһҹҵĴ㣬𣿡֪һ죬治ıԶŲ߰ܺã˺仰˼ˣܺãǲҼҾͼˡҹңҾҹҵˣСĵϵĶŮ˵ζǶε˩ҵսϣΪҳңһҰ
㡣ȥҪɣôСҵҹңûлˡһ죬ǲҲȵĺܾ˰Ҳ˵𣿡
޹վһߡŭ˵ǲţ⾹ȻҾĸ׺𾴵ĸ飡ǵʲôֵɩʲôʲôȨ˽ԾĻȴ֪
֣˵ûʲô˵ģеĴﶼҲûʲôġΪҵŮҪ˼׼ʶ
̾һԼɷԼĶӣ˵ҪǱ飬Ҳ졣飬漰ҸڵʵҪҹҽ𣿡
ĸأҲ̾˿̣ǶǰͶ˵ģûа취سŵľҲġʵûбİ취룬ҹͷҧģݲǷڡ
ֹ߷ߵ˵ǰǰǸأ˭˭أõңԼҵƸһ޶ʶдó
̾˿Ҳɳϣ˵һĬһͻȻ۾컨壬һ̾
꣬ǳη粨УҪڽҹҵĶ֮£ѾɢˡҲΪǸ飬ǺŶ׮¡Ҳ¸˵ҹҵڻʱصĶٸһʱ䣬ҾܽǸȥֻҹҵǸ競ѣǽ顣ֻҪסҹһʱ䣬ǼҾû¶ˣҲԼ
ֱ壬Ŀ⾼Ŀ㲻飬ʱпܱŭҹҷǸʱһ˶ᱻЩĺĶֺ͵˻Ǹʲôغ𣿡̾һֿɳĿ
11
ĸŮ˵һӶʧˣֻʣ˾ɫǴû뵽Լļ壬Ȼʱп㸲ǰһжпܱӰأûˣҵĶֺ͵ˣ̰ˣὫôأὫôأһǲΣʵ̫ˡ
˶ĬĸŮ˵ɫѿЩȴҲûźɣԵмƣ
ᣬ̾˿үүְ֣ղԣԲǡ£ͬˡǽүүɹҲûԹԣ޹ȥͼ޹ȥˡҵˣһþһа취ңҲϧҧ촽Ǿ֮⡣
վӯӯ߳˿ſڵʱͷҲص˵ȥɢɢģǲõҡﺬỨȻ¥

ҶԼ·ƲЬͷŪңŴ߳˸ҡ
޼Ѿſڣ֧ƱһҶװȻѾһΣЩԴ۵ĸо
Ҷĳͣ޼ʰ֧ƱݸҶҶӹ֧ƱһۣƤһ£ͷĹѪͷְˣˣ֧ƱϵĿʮҲ˵ͷǰʮֻ֮һǶ֮һǸϵ̨
Ҷ֧ƱŽԼĿڴ˵һллתʩʩȻˡ޼ıӰһԼ˵лϧѾˣѾûӰ
һ磬޼ʵӹһŶɫٻӰĲŸ߸ЬҶʧ˵ķ˹ȥһתҲûӰ
޼ҡҡͷɫӰ磬ԷɱȥҲǸ
޼ʶɵˣ۾ҡһԴǼˡֹһ䣬æԼȥˡ

Ҷŵʱ򣬷ǰ̨ѾˣǸŮˡǰ̨ȻҲһƯֻǵɨһۣͰ˵ݡ
ݴˣովȥһں£ĵݷ˽һͷװҶĻҪĺȣһӣ
ҶһҡΣһסΣŻﴩŶСŮúںźڱʯһĴ۾Ŀ
СŮҶ뵽˶԰Щһοɺ͹ܵСŮǵϲ
С㣬û¶ɣҶĿܴɽеȪȪˮһ峺һֺˬĸо
СԴӣ˺һͻȻС˵СأǼҶС㣡ң㵱Ǻû߷ߵѩ׵СѾ£˼û¶СѾ۵òУһ
СһӾһ𣬴Ĵ۾ͻȻһˮСһ飬۵һǶԼСѾһ˫һֱĸ߸ЬҲһ߶һֻվţһֻſţûбֺã
ҶʶµҺ֣һŮ˵ᣬһ˵ľǰһ֣ɽӱɫǬߵһ֣һעȥ˲ȥĵطͻŪ
һŮᣬ˾ǰȫռˣεģˣǸŮˡ㣬ʵŮˡ
Ů˲ߣֻϲʾɴǺûˮϢȡʤˣ
Ҷ̾˿һ̾Ѿ˲ôôȰ׼
޿κε̾Ϣ̫ˡÿһֵʱ򣬼˶̾Ȱǲǣֱ˵ˣŻᡮǿĴӦʤˣÿÿջ񶼲С
һΣҲһƾСģСɰܲʤԼݼһ򶼷ǳġ
ǣʧˡŶһˣǸӵĽŲȴ߽Ǵǵˣ
дǿ벻̣˭Ҳ̡һӾͲˣһ׷˳ȥǸͻȻԼ˫İЬӻڵء
ͷһѾȥˡ޺޵һСȭͷһЪ˹ԹĸʨӺ𣺡쵰վסå㻹ҵ
12
ݼߵˣһһġſڷ̨С㣬ŵðıʺͱ˵ϡ
Ҷȴʲôûһݵ߳ȲţͣǱ˹ȥ
ˣҺҹҵСʨѧԺԵͳߣͷʲôʱԹĿ
ҧһӨСɤ﷢һŭĵͺһѽԼȹɿĴһᣬȹӾͱһ̿㣬޳覵Ⱥһ˫ѩźܷܷ㶼ı¶˿У͸˵У
ವһӣó˶ıɫֻһĨӰɳ۶ȥת۾ʧ⡣
⻹û꣬ǱȻڹӰɳ۶Ҳʧ⡣ֻֻɫϸľС߸ЬӰз裬һʱʮ

Ҷųõӹгӽ˳ȿ˳ӣҪߵʱһӰ˹һ˫СССֶһץס·ӣСŭ֮ĺĳå۸˱С㣬Σ㻹ҵҵĵһ㡪
ͣкܶܶˣղŶƵǱ߿ڶ߿ɤʵڲһĴһ˻ëֱͦÿҪ۶ˣ
ҶĿСѾͷС㣬ҳ˧ҲôͺôӲɣʲôֶ֪治ӡС㣬Ҫ۸ˣǣֿʷϵһĿǹ𣿡С㣬֪ͦŸӣŲ֪˭ĺӣúƣҵôһˣһЩЩοϲе˶ղ˵ЩһһǸδĺأ
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пղǰ龰ˣѡǡõѡҲΨһȷѡ
ӯӯ߽˾Ƶ꣬˰ʮŲ㡣ҪӦһ뿪

Ҷгص˼ң˴󱳰֮󣬻һʽİɫӰͰɫĿӣС˴ǽһͬ
ҶӺͬ߳ȥǻ··Ǳ߾ǽߣˮŻ·Ѷȥ
Ҷһڳű潭ߵһյīӿڴһ˽¡һдš֣һ˫ֺƵĻƲ˿Сʯͷѹ棬ơ
Ҷ·Ĵڴ˫ָһһľʮԷ飬һǧ塷ôһڣ˼߶߶˼Ҫ˴ĸо
ҶΣòȻʵ۾˫ϬĿ⣬һֱڶŴǱгɳ۶Ʈɫȹգ
κ˶ܿģҪǿкʵĸ߶ȺͽǶȡڵλãűѵķˮأĵط޷ЩŮȹ
Ҷļְҵ֮һŮȹ׵ķ羰ļⰮ֮һһ߹һͣһְҵغ͹
ŮҪĿģȴΪ˿ǵòΪѰӵСꡱŮӣ
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صĲλһı־һ룬һ̥ǣҲпŵĳͼ
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ԲԲ͵һۣ˵Ǯأ֪ʶɶð˵꣬͵һҶûз쭣һҲŵӲ˵Ļ
ĸŮʵҲôţûгԲԲô
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ŮǶˣͬʱҲޱȷŭĿ۸Ҳô۸İȻ˵С㣬̫ɶˣ
Сأ
ҶС㣡
Ѽ
Ѽ
ɵӣåû۶
Ҷһ۾̧СԴֶɸֵ˵˵ûĻţ˵Դﶼ֪СѼåǻ֪ɶ
ɶ֪ҲİԲԲ죬һ˫СֶľźɫСġ
19°ܼҺ
ǣѽû˵ˡĩػһ˲˫ȫƷٵİ˸ɫ糾ˡǷֱǳԲԲǣ˺ᲨС𣬱񾩣ܰźΪʱССǮɶϣҸ˵ʱǵС㣬С㣬ƾⳤƯŮͲ䣬Ҳ
ֹţ˭С㰡
ҶЦԷǣ˵ʱ򣬾СģҲ඼һЩ黭֮ļգҲǻ첻ġ˵˸ŮӣЩգһǳвŻҲһȻС㣬Ϊ𾴣ʷҲƪµ
Ҷɤӣ˵ػ֮УǳԲԲǣС
ԲԲϣ䣬ҡΪˣƸ衣ʼҵĸˣУΪҡɽغԳũ˱ԲԲ˷²Գɲ¼ɡ˵ΪԲԲԳᣬһŭ֮²峯Ͷأɾǧ飬һһŭΪա˵ľͳԲԲԲԲãڿıɣ°֮󣬳ԲԲɱҲǸŮӡ
˶٣ҶЩɵ˵ԲԲһУʹʵ۳˳ʵԳɣƽԼðٽйǧ˿ƵĹϵĴŮӣԲԲͬѧһ֣ǳҲãǲŻƷҲãܸ˼ұôôţ˸ȹתΪ㲻ϧǧŵˣΪ㣬˽ɽ𣡡𣿡
ԲԲҶôһ˵Լ˼С㶼ûˡòУСͨͨģͷҡһ£ĵܡ
Ҷʣʫ˺С˵ԼʷѧҵȵȣйڳԲԲʫС˵͹ĴǵȵȡԲԲͬѧãô˰дʫС˵ʹ𣿡
ԲԲͷˣҲӵǺ죬ҡͷܡ
ҶÿˣͲټ˵ʵԲԲȻδܳΪʷǸԲԲһǣҲԳΪһŮӣǰǣҪѧʶǻۡߣͨǰʵֵģȻҪǸڲҪƤ·ȦҲܳҪκεʱֳǲҪġϾǸ԰ŮӣԲԲ˵Ķ𣿡
ԲԲ̧ͷһۣỨһҧС˵ͷ
ҶóԼݸ˲ᣬߩߩ飬ݸ˵лл
ҶЦõ˵ܼҺӣҸõģֲĨ顣ϴɾˣٻң
ŮǶЦЦԲԲСԴĸŮСԴ۾ģֱִͣޱӲŹ֡
ǰŮǻҶܿɶأԼͷùذĿ⿴ţͻȻܺúܺãУԼĴ绹Сְһ
Сʵ˧磬ܰѺͬЩŮ˵ĹҲ𣿡
˺ᲨͶСҲеİͰ͵ĿҶϣͿҶøǽЩҲһѧϰǣ͵˵ͷЦ˵Ȼԡϣҽ֮ܰҽĶסˡ򣬻ͷҿҪǲᣬҿɻСƨƨİ
ŮǶӵĵͷЩµͬʱиڴǿλ˧署Ĺ£ʦȤɶء
ҶɤӣԲԲСһܻ˳ȥߵߵĸһˮЦŽӹȥ佱һ䣬СѾͷ̡һˮ˵ǣǣǣСߣ
Ǿ˾Сֶ˼ʵ˧磬ʲô˼Сʲô˼Ϊʲôʱˣֶôأ
ҶЦ˵ãʵúãʣҸǽ𡣡ǹʱĻ˰ӹѧǶ˵ڵҪĻĶࡣңʱĸϰ׵ȵȷǳĶ࣬ȡ֣ҲڵںĻĶ࣬е˵ܶ࣡
СѾͷΧԹԵţŴ۾Ҷгɾ͸С
20͵
Ҷһϣ˵ʱˣգ֣šڵ˾һ֡˵˵հںܾúܾǰûյģûֵ˵ʱ򣬻ԶʱԻûвγɡ
ҶͺӹŴ˵һֱ˵ִҲʱʱ򣬾ϲ飬˵ѧʶԨ̸ϣҪ˵ǺˣǺɶҲСѾͷǺƮƮСһ
Ƶĺ棬СѾͷҲú档Ƕûע⵽鷿ſڣվһŮӣЦӯӯĿǣˮγﶼο͡
촦깫˾Ļص˼ҡҪʱȥǸѽܸļҽ̣ǸҶкôԼǸŮĹΡ
˵ʵкȻúҺ񣬵ǲǿԳΪŮʦˣ㣬ֻҽ̣
ʵҶսŵʱҲ˼ҡûпǴһСſڣŻصļҡΪ˲ˡ
ҶͻȻ˳ƨɣ۵òУҪȥġҶǾ仰뷨ȷǸҶ̳ܽԲԲȨ
ҶСְĸСѾͷˣȥס嶯
ҶСѾͷ߽鷿֮ĵĽݡ鷿棬Ρ
ԲԲǳĶŮĸαĸŮǣС͹˺ᲨҲѵĺǵĸĸĺѣĸŮҲǸĸԴԲԲǰ㣬ԼұԴǲԼŮһѹͷա
Ҷ˵ЩȻеĳ̫ʺϸԲԲСŮ˵ǵоҪǲºҩҸǣͲء
ʱ˿̣ҶϲӵĽʷҰʷгʫʺ˵ĵĵʵȵȡó׵ķ̫̫õģ֪ԼŮҵһʦ
תĵ뿪˼ңŻĸӯƮݵĲӣȶ˵ĳˮ԰ȥ
һ·֮ϣûʶԼıɱ˶˵öЩ
Ҷ֪ЩΣСѾͷĿǿԺкͳɾ͸֮УԽԽ԰Σ
ȻĿģͣСѾͷСϣǰȺСѾϡˣŮӵȺͽѾôôˮ龫أ
Ҷϣ˼ڣͬʱѿˮȥ
ࡣ

ԲԲСǶͻȻСŮܲ˼ĺգͰ͵ĿҶ˵˧磬ҶӶˣ˼ϻûгԷء
ǳԲԲҲ۰Ͱ͵ĿҶϣǳЩڿɲΥҶλ˧ǵСƨƨ߲ǽЩȤĹºͺʫˡ
ࡣ
ҶĶҲСѾͷĶࡣбȴȻ˵ðɣʲôøĶҲˡҸٴͣ
СѾͷ̶ĸ첲˸߲ҵı˵ԼϲԵĶ
¹ѪݴϺձҪͷ֡
ոӣҪ˰Ұ֣񵰡
⣻ҰƣҪҰġ
ΣhţҪԭģ¶Ҫԭصġ
㣬Ҫձٴģ㣬ҪҰģ㣬ҪҰġ
21Сè
ҶСѾͷҪԵĶоԴ졣ҧгݵ˵Ǹɴҳ˰ɣĸŪЩȥ㵱׸أ
ҶҪ˵ӣСѾͷﲻǷ꣬ҲԼļҡԣǳԲԲļҰ
ԲԲЦ˵˧磬Ҵ绰ҪЩͳ𣿻³˷ʱ䣡
ĸСѾͷſˮ۰Ͱ͵ĿҶϣԴӦ
ҶȻҲϣܳԵ˵Щöȥǲܹëһ緹ͳôҪʳⲻǰܼ
Ҷǿຢӳʲô඼ԹľǰܼҺ˷ѵΪȻǵʦͲĿţһۣͬڣҪžöԵ˼Ҹļҽ̷Ѱ
ҡҡͷ˵£ʲôǾͳʲôСӼҼҵģôི׬ǮһӶû׬ĶǼǮĳԣǼܼӣײףҪڹ⣬ͣͿʼԼ׬ǮˣҲǹǲôġ˵ˣվȥˣԲԲв𣿡
ԲԲĵͷĸСѾͷҲŵͷҶǰСƨƵСѾͷںһ߽˴ĳ档
Ҷһ򿪳¼ҵıչ񣬶ʱĿɿڴüһĶû̫Ѱ߲డȫɽҰζñĤţȻڹһķã
ԲԲȵ˵ףôôĶ**
ҶһЦĸŮһ㶣ͻȻҲЦСͮͮ
ԲԲһ㶣Ŀˣɻ˵Цʲô˧磬Ӧ**˵𣿡
ҶЦĸСŮ޶Цֱ顣ԲԲǺС޷޵˵ĪǶЦʲô
ҶûЩСѾͷ뷨תűչķḻʳģҪЩʲôȡ
ЩʳҶʶЩҲƹƷһְҵ
ҶѡһЩʳģʼˡ˵ĳûˣСѾͷȥ
СѾͷ뿴ôˣͶڳſڣʵĳձݡ
ҶȰ̩ϴ÷Ž緹ȻùһֻҰӳĳȡһĸֵˮϴһ£ͷɿĶ
ϢҶͰһֻҰֽ飡
ŮǶɵˡǵλ˧粻жڱݣıݣʵ̫ˣ̫˼ˡ
Ƕó̶ֻصѧУ߼úõ¡϶˳ԾҪأ
ҶְһЩгϸϸ˿廨гϸϸ˿һѴн֮ĵϡ
ŪЩڹɫͣȵ¹ˣȽ˿˿ըһ£֮øֲϱζ󣬰Ѽ鵹
ζʱƹϲһζԽԽŨ
ڣСѾͷ۰ͰͶ˺һ˲֪ٿˮʱҶƿζ˱ǣҲס˼ĭ㰡
Ҷ˽ɫļʢ˿˿һЩжεȵȷ棬ѹһЩ֭ϣζŨʣ
ҶͷҲصĶСѾͷ˵˰ɣȰȥ԰ɣ׷ѾˣٳЩĲˣͳԲˣ
תͷһСѾͷǶѾûӰˣռҲûӰе緹Ҳʣһߡ
22СӰ
Ҷ΢ЦҡҡͷŲＸСѾͷߴߴúȤʼһˣԴϺ
ʢ֮ҶָССʱʷʺ͹ʫʣѾ쵽㣬˵ͽˣҽ콲ĹʫʣԼʣǺúõϰһ£ῼǡشһĴǵСƨƨûУ
СѾͷ̴Ļش𣺡ˣ˧磡
Ҷ֪ӲˣѾ˺öΣǻǽ˧硣˧ʹ˧ɣܱȴ󹷸ˣҲֵǮˣ
ԲԲվĸ첲۰Ͱ͵˵˧磬ٶིһ㿴вУҸǹʣÿСʱ飬ٸǽСʱ£
СҲסĸ첲زĦĸ첲Ͱ͵Ŀٽһ
˵˧磬㿴òãȻһǾ͸ݹʣÿСʱٿ飬ǻѰĦ˧磬ˣòò
ŮҲǽ˧磬ˣòòǸ㰴Ħ͵𣿺ò
ҶѾĶӲĥŪðӲϽǣԼͬСһͰͳСѾͷ˵ǲˣѾ˼Ҷõ飬ûƴǡԺɣԺ˵졣ҪȥˣЩӲܻ
Ҷ˵֮󣬾ʹҴҶȥЩһֱгӰʧʧ˵СѾͷͻȻЦ
۾˵ԭ˧ѽҵķˣ
˺Შüͷ˵ǣǸռ˵İǺܳԿأ
ԿʲôǸ˧翴ĥĥ𣿡֣ôøղźأأ
ССĿŮҲСߴĵ˵ͷ˵оҲܵˣ֪ôģӻȵģĻıء
˸˼£һķţ˵ҾãܾǴ˵еСŮӷ֮һʲôطͻзӦ
ԲԲСֶһ˵ԽˣȥҼƬǺúõоһ£𣿡
գŴ۾ʣԲԲʲôƬӰ
ԲԲЦ˵ҴС͵Ƭӣ˵ǽƬƬӰɣ
Уû˼ŪصģûʶȥϸƬӳ򣬱ǸʲôƬÿˣ̼ءǿɲ˵ȥŶ
˺ᲨĸСѾͷͷͺһ߽ң̨ԡһ̨ǳõģ̨ǸСѾͷѧϰõġװҵ涼У
ʵСѾͷȻѧϰɼһͿҲûκεĳƩ˵ڰɣ˺ᲨСžôẓ̇ƽ⿪ǽʼСӰ
ûһ˺ᲨԼƵǿسʮͬĳƬͬʱԼĳռӰƬҲصӲ
ŪЩСѾͷС͵һһŴҵţ˴ŵСӰ
һСѾͷǾӹĺߺǶ֪İСֶ쵽Լز˫֮䡣˫ѩ׵ȶĽţСЬߵˣϱСֺͷСѾַſЩʴҪĸо
ڣһƬӷˡСѾͷǵ·ˮ͸ˣ쳱СŴļ˫ȣʪ
ʱ򣬵ڶƬӿʼˡǲǣûˣƯŮţӵţȻѽŶ
ǣ˲ʮӣСѾͷͱӫĻе龰ѧϰͬСһĽһҡ
˾ҪǱҶĻһ̲סΥԼԭ򣬳䵱һޣúõİʵòеСӽһ⣡
źǣҶ֪뿪¼ңǱôһʾ׵ĴϷ
Ѿгˮ԰һĳ˼Ƶ꣡
Ҷʮ֣˼Ƶ꣬ӵʱϴ˸裬ֵʱ任·ӵʱϵ˳
ſѾվŵĳʦܳѾʼѵҶŽüͷһۡ
23¹
ҶЦЦվ˺ŵұߡԱߵԴ׳ø첲ЦЦҶҲ΢Ц˲ҶСܳ
ӱ֣ϵĿˣ˵ҪӴĿˣͬλ˶ʳҪǳߣʳģζɫȵȷ棬ǳޣ
һǣλ˵֮һݣǹʳѧĻ᳤ǵʳﲻĻԺͲȥˣͳͳҪ
ɨһۣն˵ԣǲɹʣҷһ½ÿ˵ְţ㸺磬Դ׳жա㸺ʳ񣬴Сϻƣ㸺㣬С֡ǶȥæɣСҶжոĵ
仰ЩѧջûгͽжǣĽּʵĿҶǣ˭֪Ҫ۵Ҷһ޶ţҲĶ֣Ҷ֣ܳ˭û
ĽĽǼʣҶļ˻Ҳ˵У
ҶԴ˵ûʲô̫ķӦֻЩϲѡ֪ԼѧܶĶ
СжգһŹҶù˵ͿʼȵĲͬͬʯгɲͬ״
˵ϿɶûбעҪжնԲȵǳϤſ׼ȷ󡣷򣬳ʦҪǶȴгƬ򲻿ɣ
Ҫ֪ȻͬһʳģͬһַΪ״ͬζͻܴⲻǿЦģһ顣
ҶȻڻûгʦڸֲȵѾָơҶţһ浶ż̧ۿۻҡ
Ҷ̶ֳȣ˭жʱ龰һΣҲ⣬ƫƫôĿ̾Ϊֹ
һָ˳ˣһ߻عͷȥҶжա̾ĵֱ죡
ˣˡ˱ҳˣ׳ָͷúøɻͷԸ⿴СҶרŸһ쿴
˶ЦҶ⻰еָͷ˼״ЦÿģҲЦصԼϣŲ˵ǰ׼
ĲĵӼ֮ɴ˷ԱȥǰβͬõǱϱ߳Եϲ˷ʽ
м˲⣬пܺĲҲͲϯˡҲΪڳʦ˵һĪĿ顣
ǺĵģҲŪЩҲ˵λʳЭĻ᳤θڳĵ󣬶ʳˣ繫ϵģΣϡһʳרң
һŵľƵ꾭ηźɫС߸˺ַܷܷ˷˿۾΢Ц˵ýţ˲ûв
˶һؿЦ˵ããûңë˲ʼһˡ
η᲻ϲζתߵǿһҶĵһһгϸ˿һȻһƳߣʱЩɵۡ
ӽСĵķŵһ׼õĵˮϣ߹ηЦ˵ξܲʶѾ࣬ҶǺĵһҵĵȲôǲǺһֿӼݵĸо
ηջĿ⣬ǳЦ˵ӼݣݣӼҪܱݵշŵĳ̶ȣҲý
η˼ƵŮԱˣǰǺҹܻǱߡ
ҶλŮĿ佱ȻЩԺʺܺãֻǵһЦݵ˵ллξ佱ɶѡ
˵ĹѾһ۶õһİڷһ״棬似ĵ˿벻ɣ
ʱһŽ˿۾ĸ߸˽ƵϰֶӣũžƵĸܾηôѾܳʱ䡣
ũηô佱һСƳӣһȻЦʱͷһа
Сӣв۰ѵ˸˳԰׳գɻͺúøɻˣƯЩʵĶ㵱ϷġǣЦʲôЦʲôϽҸɻʲô֡
ũĻʱһˣ˱Ͷû¶͹ëװװƵļһܲޣҪǲũͰзˡ
24
ҶͻȻͣһ֮һũɭɭʵ˭һ飡
ũͷϣƽֽˣҾôţСӣأ
ҶŵȻ˹ȥһũԴϣ
˶ŵѽһ۾ũɵˣҲ۾ΪԼأҽһ
Ҷ˵⵨Ҳҽǲ֪˵꣬߻Լλãˮһµɻ
˶۾ɪɪũЦԭҶһͷһƬ¶ѩͷƤرĻЦ
ңһﾹȻŵ˿ӣ̱˵ϣᶯˡ
ηöԽũ̧ߡñԱúõһںִһҶ˵Ҷǰɣܺã
˵ͷԵĻηˡ˶ЩԺ⻰ʲô˼
ҶԺҲû̫飬Ļ˵ǸְѣԣΪûʧ
ңпԺͲˡͺ̻壡
Ҷ룬Բǵһʦ룬ϲԱ˵°ѱųë
ӿηˣͶҶ˵СҶ⺢ӣᰡôôçײأղǰũǸյŻˣ㳤ӣҳһڶǣҲǲ֪˼ҵϰ壬Сӵ壬ЩѶåⲻǸԼ鷳𣿡СҶҵģϽ߰ɣĻ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô¶ȥǸǰ֮
ˣҲ׷׳ȰҶߡҶȴҡҡͷŰЦ˵壬һﶼİɣͷũҰôģж
˶֪ҶԸ񣬴˵һһԾŶô˵ˣ˶̾ҲȰˣֻǶϣж
ƽﶼôţ֪пͼҶСˣԼͱ˴ദЩ¶ͷܲζÿģر
ҶˣҲĺãûԹֻʣ˵Ǻ꣬͸˵Щúܺõˡ
Ѽ飬˵ùѵʱ򣬲֪˭Լĺã˭ѣ
ҶȻڸɻ˵ı飬һ˿ĸô˶ΪԼģΪԼ꣬ͷůģԼûôʱ䣬Ҳû׺Щദֵˣ
ҶûжԸũȻı˵ʵûʲôжֻɱһжѡУȻ̫ǾԵЧЧͼӰ
һ׳嶯ˣǣҪǲǴĵߡҶĵУһǣ裡Ȼ֪Լ˭
ҶǸʥ۶ǲðºĴʻ㡣ԣпǸԼ˲ҪҲ裡
Ҷ̶ʮ֮Уũм衣Ǽˣеĸ׶ƨ˼еĸϿ˼еĸ˸첲ȣߣֱˣ
Щ̫ﵼµѪ¼ҶСʱ¶ˡԼʮ˴˶֪Ҷ裬á
Ҷ֮󣬸ǻ̶ֶšǣͰݵɱ⽴ιɽﵽҴڵҰ
Ҷ֪ɱ֮ʲôӦɱ֮ûκθоҪ˵ʲôоĻǾ֣񫣡
ɱˣҶ˵ֻҪ㹻ɣǾͺɱҰһ˼ԲʲôֻѪ֮ʹĸо
ԣҶԼκ˶ãũʵѾΣڵϦһǸһҪǴҶۣǾͱɣתء
һ㣬Ǿû˼֪ҶһѧԺвѧô򵥡һݡũ֪ݣǴûҶƣ
սսʱ򣬲ˡҶѾԼĹһʱ䣬·ˡ
Ƕĵڵȴûע⵽ҶѾ뿪˺һηͻȻߵ˺˵˵˶һʮֵ⣬㡣ˣв˵СҶ˶ĵͣҲҪʵΪ˲ӡʵ͵ǵĲˣֻ˳ѡ
25
ĨһѺתͷȥҶ˶ȥҶȴһûӰˣһСѧͽ۾ãҶѾˣղæ꣬ˡָָţǴųȥģʮˣ
ѽӡ֪û¶ӶĵĺܡԴ׳ҲʮֵĵҶİȫǣЩʲôأмпڵˣũˣ治
ηüͷ̾˿û¶İΣû⡣ǸϽȥ˰ɣ˼ʱ䱦أЩźҪҶܹλ͵Ļû׼ǸõĻءϧ˳ûǸ
Ӻηȥ˹ᣬһţᵽһɵ㡣ζЩͷεģ߰㡣
ֻһۣ͸о궼ϣŮʵ̫ˣ
ӲʲôĻˣЩĴ壬ֻǾãŮˣ˵ŮǺȴǷŮӣʵЩ̫ˡϵˣ
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ɻǴѩĻƻŮأʲôζûгҪôǸӣһ绨죬ȴҪװ׵ĸһزʶĻӳԸĨһޱƺջ飡
ĻԲԼڣǺò׽ô󣬴С󻹶ôƯ˵衣
뵽Щ¶ɵʱһҪúõİһ˳Ů˵ζֹҪҪܵĶһ飬ȻȥŪһƷƵĤòлЬ֮ȥҹҵĶϱ
һ뵽Щ΢΢ʹĿ֡ڷǳҹǸСӴһ̵߲÷ڵñӡ
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·ʤɰʯ·Ӳٵ·лڵ̫ʮֵ
˺ܶ࣬˳ವС磬ŴȻ˵ϢŲԶɴʺԶɽҰ֣һСɽϵǸСãҮҮҮģ
ɤʮֵ˵ЩţķǳĿ
˵ɲߵĸ
һɤӣȴҲŵٺǽʴҲܲˣ˻˶ĥþ
ˣ֪ܵĸǶôĻˡҲ˵һţɱ֡
أͻȻεΡ죬žƵļճɳ۶˻̽ͷЦſڣ
ĻҳϽ˳˵ӣҶԹˣåñСԻҡҪʡǣǵĹƤɽڡ
ҪЩô񶾺ƻʵǲ໰ˣƫƫôˣĽζ
ʵһŸ߹һҰֱǸìܵۺ塣
˵ҪǼ˵ĹƤⲻǴţһĶֵϣԿһ㡣
ʡǽ壬û˸ǣֻҪ룬ŪǼ˲һ绰¶ҵƣǳʡڻĵ۹ϣҲ϶Ժߣ
Ǹ壬һк٣ŮһԽĲС
һҵ飬ͷţ»ˣҪ÷磬ҪꡣҪһģȫ˶üչ
С󣬾ûм˸ҶȻڣԻң
Щ˿²֪ǰӸΪڣĮҰͶҰؾֲӵ˴˸󣬻˶ǰͷģһһƤùڲźò׻С
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ʱǸܴȵˣʱرѾסƺţŹ۸ԼˣԲᡣͲҵĹİͷ죡
ĺָǼɵŪûˡ޷޵ĽԼͷȻƤһˬֺÿķ١Ȼǵֲȴᳵ·վˡ
ɲ־ͻԵӽİ׳աСͶŶգֱѩ³ҡ
СʱԼ˽Ǯһҷװ֮꣬󣬷װѾ˷װгȻӵԼȫװгͷװƷƣġ
ڣѾһŵܲáȻ޹ļŲ൱ĴɾȴҲ԰
ɽǸСǰǶʮ֮ڵӵĶڡ
ڿӲСӿǹԭʼˡۿȥĿǽżһҶ༸שͷʯͷо˾;ޣ
ǲ֪һһҲûмƶĵطֻûпﻹƶĵط
ţʡǲİôһ뵽ŴĴӡ
ũص쵼ⰡȻôĵطڡĸпһ䣬¶λߵƣоӸµı
ݵ˵һ쵼һ쵼Ҳ
Ǹ߹Ȩ쵼Żָ߸ϵĹ壬ʵӣ
˳٣ҪҸһôɽͿ·иˮӣһȺƨɵ޺ͰӣӾϷˮ
ȺӵУһرۡʮֵˣֺŨĽüСһϬһ˫۾䣬ͬˮ̶ͷֱͦЩ󣬵¶ѩ׵ݲȻһЦȴպų˵ܸеޱ޷Ϊ֮Ŀ
ĸߴͦΣѩ׾Ө۳СؿڶԵļ飬ԲԵúͻأʵϣһ⣬Բֹؿں͸ֻһЩ
էһۿȥһĻΪǸ
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ڰվţˮеһ˵Ц˫رĳҸоرĽʵ
Ȼƺ󣬵ȴΰ棬úÿҲÿӣּʶ㲩ˣҲǵһμ
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ճյĿ꣬ĵײһִδйĳ嶯Ҫȥˣ
뷨һ޷Ƶĵ׷ģûǣѪڡ
ϣֻ˲ųŮŮҲһСؼǣǸˣû˳ԣߵĵز
Ȼе꣬Ѿ̶ֻȡ
ҪСԩҰ
ԺͻȻӿˡСԩҡʻ㡣ûһ͸עСԩңһ޶Сˣ
˼Ѿ޷ƣ鶯
һ̣ͣԽҰĿλϣ˿ĿųǸ꣬ϸϸԵòвС
Ҷɹƨɣûע⵽ԼѾ٣˺һŪ˼ҶˣСʪ͸͸
صļңû¶ͺͻϴϴ衣˶ϴСһͼľǸʹ죬ԣҲǳоܺá
Ҷûע⵽ĵ˵꣬ĸǶȴԶΣ˵磬㿴ͣһĹһֱڳأǸﳤ迡͸ӰƵġ˵͵͵һԶĹڴڵĭ
Ů˰ɡҶΪһ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ濴ԶĴϣͣһ͵ĳһúܺÿŮճɵɵĿ߶ԣǿأСûѡ
ҶôҲǵˣŮԼûв˼ҲʶĸϽһԵĶ̿㴩ϣִЬ˹ȥ
ҲɿĴ˻̿㣬ЬҶ棬ȥŮ֪Ҷ϶Ϊ˿ŮأΪ׬ǮȴһôÿŮˣҪǲ򣬹ɾûѵð
걼Լˣ㷣δйĽšǼ****ûôֹ̿
ףôͻȻЩһأ˲١ŶԭǽǶȵ⡣ŤתʮȣǸ꣬ûʮȣˡ˵˶ǺŮģûлˣҿһа
ĵ׿ЦţϵıЩŤŬĵ̬ͺֱҶߵʱŻָĸ߹ţ˳õʵ𣿡
šģͷͨ죬͵ۿѩ׵ľͷһֻƵģڵҪЩˣҪŴ˳ɶܰĸ³
ҶЩ죬벻ȻҲЩŮòʣͷһɫŮŮǿ
ԣҶֵûҪȻƽĿĿӣҪɽ𣿡ԼжϺ;顣ЩѾӴ̫̫˵Ҷ˵ֻҪһۣ׼ȷжϳЩ͵Ŀģܹɽ΢ɲ˿жϳʲôҰһ򵥣
һֱܣһߵ汾ܡ
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δ䣬ԾѾĿҪˣǹִĺҶӣֱĿƣȥľǴţж̿û˿޳ȡ
ֺ֪ҶԼʲôطԵĸо侲Ŀʧȥ侲оӺȺȡ
ͷʵѾҳһ飬Ͽôź͸߹ô޺ͳô֪˵⻰Ѿ֤ҶĲ²ûϣѾʧȥ
ֻǣûʶһ㡣ֻŬԼ侲ܶ
Ҷƿ˿Ŀ⣬һۺʲôѵأĺϷǹбҡȥɽԣܲŷİɣͷܶΣϤĺܡ
ڳɹսʤԼħƽĵ˵ͷûҾҪɽԵġɽǽɽ𣿡Ŀɨһ۶Լ͵˺һһ꣬ĵͷ͵
Ŀһֺܺµĸо糤ɳĸоһָоҪˡ
Ů˺һ˰а͵ŮƵһۣɢʬ޴档
ҶҲоŮƵı仯ڿԶ϶ŮȻͲ󣬵϶Ӵˣ
ϴŵǸ˵Ůĸٻߴ󸻺ļҾأշ𣬹ҲֵʮġϴС￴Ǹˣ˵ֵءģǸǮС椶ҪϱͺˣôΡ
ҶͷĿȴԽׯʥҲ϶벻ϾȻ˱˼زļƷֱеİ࣬еս
ҲûлôԣȻ벻оЩ̾꣬ȻͷѾ۸ֻأѾŮŮ
Ҷͷת˲ţ֪ԼǧС߶̣ڸûʲôᡣҲˣ͵áﲻɽţͷɽǴӵܱɽţͷɽǻͷɽĲɽɽɽ
֮Ҷɫһ죬һۡаЦλС㻹ǺܴĻҲ졣ҪáϧҪã
ҶλǧСû˵ͽ˵Ȼ֪ɽһ˸˵ɣ
˵ͷ겻ֹúÿԴҲжǽһеĲݰССĿһ¡
ҶͻȻüͷһ壬ϸֳ˹Źֵı顣ߵԵʱ򣬾ᵽһζ
ëͷСӣһˣ
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ҶжʱһȻǣ֪֪ʶӵŮӣΪꡱǸƵʮŲŮϵġꡱһֻҪġꡱʮ칦ϱϲ¥
Ǹǰ̨СϵûлժǸϵı鵤ҲءСϵ꣬ܲܲժأ
ҶопǸǧѷĻᡣҲһֲժʹλСĻ
ҶϣԼܹЩĽʮٽ¥Ǹ羿ôһΡǸʮֵڴ
Ҷɵһʱ򣬾͵õǸĪ룬֪ڶɵʱõʲô
һԤУڶһȵһأһܹӵǳ
ֻǣӵһ쵽ڶḶ́Ĳһ׵顣ֻҵŮŮԼ鵤ҩûһ䡣ֻзʳˡǣ鵤ҩھϸһֻֻ꣬ȴԶ޷ͻƵһ졣
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ҶԺͷҲֻһ˲顣Źֵɫһţûиע⵽Ľ˵ɽ
ҶɤӣָԶȺɽҪݣӦȥţͷɽҪ׽ӣҪȥĻͷɽҪժҰҩģҪȥߵĶɽֻдҰˣȥɽҲΣյĵطȻҰҲ࣡ȥɽҶϣǮС椶ɽĻܶ׬ЩǮ
ѾҶ򵼣ϲһɹ˵ԽҪõĶԽǲԵüСлл˰Ҿȥɽˣѽܸҵĵط˵꣬ͽҪߡ
ҶЦЦҲûж˵ȥһ㶣ͻȻԼһϤ֪ôɽ֪÷ʲôطУɽֵģܾܲԼһ˽ȥ԰ɣ
ȻڼһֺǹҲûԴΪԼԵĶеĵز룬һ˽ɽűܵĿ־壡
ΪӾͷСѾͷҪȻҲôҵοЩǷ֮롣ҹӴһ߸ñӵΰ뿿ء
ôߡ˳ʵιСӣǴ𣿡ȻûиҲֱڣҪԼ
ҶվסΣعƽĿҾ򵼣ȥɽһ죲ȥţͷɽÿ죳ȥͷɽÿ죴ȥɽÿ죱ҪɽҹȥɽӣɽӣҪҿߴԣǮ㣡ҵĻСʱܳҼңѴšõĻߣҲ򵼣
붼û룬ֱ˵ˡϳȥңѳҶǰ
Ҷ˳ţͷԻڷ㶣Ľòе˵ӣͷҸҰտüңûУҶСһ浽ķСžԵΡ
ĵͷİɣûҲһ㿴üҡ¶ѾҶ˵ˣֻҪҶڼҵʱ򣬿ҵıȻ
Ҷ˵ͷһ룬ҲҪҿңĳʵ֪ûֻһֱһأͷźֵʵ롣
ԥĵ˵ͷȴû˵Ҷ˳ţеӣϳ˵Żλϡ
˹С˳ͲӶǺ죬̾ѽѽ⳵ãﶼأáСƤΣҶ˳š
ǸһĨЦ⣬һ˿жó˵ĸǳáչлӵ꣬ȻݲȣȴûΪͬľִٺû¶һ˿һĲͷֳһϹذ
ò˵ҪⷬжϸҶĻһ岻ѡ۹̫Ϭˣüֱľ֣˵Ĺͷ
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ڵʱĴ䣬Ѿһĳ̶ȡҲĺô˶Ƚϴӣ񷢴ĻֻǮ񿴡
36
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ϵգ̫̫࣬ҶСһ嶼ָơǶܺţȴһֱҲûн⿪
ǲʱʧͻȻ֡ѾϰĪ⣬ϰѧԺĲпһ
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ҶһС㣬оǱǰɰˡС㣬ҪҪϴԵ㶫ٽɽһһŭĿֱòɰˡ
Ӧŭݣҡͷ˵ˣ߰ɣô⣬ﻹʲôԶҲûбҪȥϴϴ˭źأ
Ҷ鲻ѣҲûж˵ϻ˿·ǺˬۣϧʺϽɽ·𣿻ʺϽɽ·óҲܰҧ˵Ҳûп
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Ҷû˵ָָ˽ȥ󣬸оģͷݺݵĵ͵ԼһŪϽͷ
̧ͷʱ򣬷ѾˣŮȻʧǱһŵһ£ϽϴˮˣߵߵȥַƤ߽Ĵ԰Ұ׼һʳιҶͷ
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߳Ժʱ򣬶ԺﴫƮƵĸĺȻϲġСļǡеľӡ΢΢һͻȻоƺʲôǰһˡ
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Ҷͷ˽ŲͷҲص˵ҪߵĻûнɽһѾˡҲֵĥ䣬ߵĶһһǮҲˡ
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Ҷ˵һ䣺Ҷ˵꣬ζĿһۡ
⻰ͷлһĺ塣üͷ˼һ£ͻȻڱԼء
ǰʲôֵʱ˵û˵Լֵֵ֡ʱҲشһش顣
С۶ǻС治ˣ̲סԷӲ濴׵ꡣ
Ҷÿ˵ֲҶĻ׳棬ô֪ҵжأǲˣ˵Ҳ㡣֪ǲˣԺһ֤һ£Ǿˡ˵ҲˣҪˣϰ˳ɾûˣҲˣЦ
㡣åǰڴڿ龰ϣСȻͿ󣬿Ҫ˵ˣǺˡ
˵ٶȿԼһСʱԺߵɴʵľͷ߽ɽΧ
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ҶҲû˵ֻǾ͵˸ľԼƤóһƤӣڵĳ
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ҶСӣҪ߿˵Сôһϧ֮ġ㣬԰ɣȵӣȵ棬ٺúóһ٣ÿƤӺһŴڱݸ
Ķ˵װ˵ģһЩԵģᵽӺڱɢζͲ˿ˮӹ˶һԵı
Ҷ˵⺢ûòлл˵Ҫ֪͸µкҩˣͳԣ
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Щϵãܹ϶һǣ˾͸߹ٵĶӣʡ竡᲻ϵá
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ŮͲҶоСѾͷԼӦò£ҪСһЩѾãСķֻУ꣬ոճ겻á
СŮߵ·ԣЦʣѽСողų治һ죬͵ô˧С˧磬а㡣Է˵㣬ӦöЩ˶úðʣӣһܳΪԡСܵܣʲôְ
46Ҷ
Ҷ΢ЦŮ˼ŮڳϵĴزһ£ЦС꾫ҵˡҶҴıףȥ壬ѵûм𣿡
СŮļһͷ㣬ˣǻˣҪ֪Ǹɽ滹С˧磬ôҲҪŪְôõССУɵḶ́ˬˡˣˡЦԲУҹ
泵ϵҲ˳һźɫ׳ųøߴӢЦ˹ȸк㡱СŮʵɶ¶
ЦЩҲΧ˹ĸкĿųҶǣͷߡ
ҶָųҶҪƵĵųЦС˵˵ôУϴȥǸɶҪȻҵˣڵãСˣⲻǻԺôˣ˵ĶС˸ƴˣȻؼҵģô㣡
ЦŸҶλͬĸš۵ĿǱȿ޻ѿһҶɻ˵ôأǸɽܳꣿ˵СֵܣǸ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦͷû磬ҾģҽҶ
ЦоֺϤһӾȵ˵ҵ찡㲻ǸҶɣ
˶һ㶣ҶȴЩ˼ĵͷʵװװ崿
һ㶣Ҷ˵һۣǸӣСʣ˵˵ô¶һֳ裬˵Լˣȴ¶뵽ֺݺݵİҶһۣҶֻû
ǸСһɱڵģ͸Ͻװǵ˼ɿ˵ϴȥ壬Ǹ򵼸˵ġ˵ʮ˴巽ԲţƵˣģҶǾҶ˭˵ҶҶǸţΪˣһѹӶҧѪɱϺƨͱʮ൶ͱ͸ɽԣΪǹƻһǹͱһͷǣͷǣͷǵ̶곤ñһ㺢ʮĻߴǹ׼ʮаΪʮӿַŵӾԺҶû˸ˣ
С˵ôһ󴮶ܽ˵ǶΪҶǸͷأʱŻصʶʶΪ¶ʡǣͰˡ
Цһ¶ͷȻ򣬡ô¶Ҳ֪¶һϣ¶͹úúͼˡ
˲֪֪λ㣬ǶôĿºͲֱ̣һͷźɫħǵаǿڰ
ЦĨһ亹Ҷб۾ë㶵ģͻȻ䣬еȫĺëĴһȾܣҶҲû׷ָֻܷܷıӰɽ˵Сţһؼô㣡
СƤںڵСӵʣСʣҲû󰡣ôŹأ
Сʵ˵Сڣ밡ǲǵϴΪʲô¶ǲûҹֱӻصʡǣ
СҲ˵Ϊֳǳ˵¶ôˡͷƤͻȻ۾һһ˹ԭ˼
СñӵĿ⿴̾˿˵ⷴӦʵ̫ǿˡסˣСڣԺʱ򣬱˵ҺʶôҲȦģôôءǶˣ
СڴһȭģҸԻһ𣬻ûӶأ㵹ˡףСʣ㿴ÿͣҼҵǹأ
Сʿ˿ǸĿɭȫëǵĻһֻɶ۾ͻȻˣͶ㾪ⲻǹһͷǣ
ֱ壬һҸôһڳͷվӣͺţеɱŵ˶ˣмһʱûע⣬˹·ԡҲ˲࣬վڣ°Լһٶιǡ
Ҷĵ󣬱ӵĿ˿ܵԶǰм˵ǻǲ˰Ů˶£˼СҲ£ƫƫǶųУ涪ݶ
47º
Ҷ˵꣬۾Ŀͷǣ棺˵ҶһͷǣߣʱΪǸϹ˵أ¶Сܵܣͷһ㻻
ҶЦҡͷʲôûã൱ҵˣҲ˵ġңңҲκߡǲǹ
Ҷͷߵͷߵë˳ſλϣ۾һǹˡ
ĨĨͷϵ亹ֹҵﰡԺңҲһˣ߯ˣ磬ҪǻضɣͷţŪಡˣ
Ȼ۾бſ˿ͺһһﵱͱ죬ɶҲ˵ˡ˵ɶɶƵģͷҲֱ˾˻
ҶһĻЦòСͷĴǸӵϲҲףʲôǮȨư쵽ֶֻڱǸǿηǵıԡ
ҶϲǣԶǺЩоΪǣΪ߸ϣûʲôԼ첻ĺϣӵ£ҲδؾӵһֻССӶľͳЩǲƸȨ޷ͿƵкܶܶ࣬УҲһЩˣ
Ϊ֪ЩЩҶûΪҶӶҲûǨŭӵĴǡ
óͷǹȻҰѱǱǱȽ˳Ҷ˳ʵ۾ŸѱĿҰ
ҶСӣԲǸ࣡Ҷڶ̶̵ĽӴ֮󣬶Ҷۡ
Ҷ˻֣ͷЩС˵ҹȥۡС㿴ǲȥʰǰ嫺ˣɫѵļһˣŵ㰡ˣ
ǻҲſˮ͵͵ĿҶǿûҪȢȥ
Ƕ뷨ֻΪҶ۸ڶΪļһЩ⣬Ǿλż޸ǣҲû˸ڳзҪλŮаᵽ׵Ķħ
ʵܶէõҪϸ˽֮ŷֻ֣ǵıҪǵʵʣ
ҶҪеٮٮߡԶۿɽԲɵĿ
ҶĿǸ欵ıӰ˾üգҶϳ֮󣬴˳ͻȻ˵СҪСŶɲǸ
˵Żճƴ·ʻʱҶҶһѣһЦһţüﳤȥԶԶģĿЦƮ޵ֱݺݵĵҶҧзļһ
ЩóƳҲھüյĺȥЩߵʱ򣬶û˺λк
ҶЩû̫ע⣬ȻǿļѾЩ׺ͳƺŶԺȴӡ
ЩΨһ̵ģҶͳЦֻһƺˣ
һһ·ƽ棬ѧꡣһֱȺĺ棬΢ЦݵĽˣû˵һ仰ûо˵ı֡ǣҶãǸȺ棬ҶͳЦ
⻹ҶʱĿţֻҪ⣬ʮ֮Ǹ꽫Ⱥ棬гɾ͵һ㣬δҫһ
ҶԼҲԼжԼῴκһˡ
·Ź·ϷɳۣƽȶѸ
Ҷһ߿һʻڵԼǸ꣬ʲô֣Ҫ˽һԼܸȤˣˣҪѧϧ
һʲôﻹЩģȴù˲١һﲢûҶ¶˵ǸɫĻ
ûʲôǿһɣǵƳݺ͵Ȼ˲򵥡ôˣҲ𣬻Ҳʸ⣿
Ҷ˵⻰һۡʱ;ԼղŵĻЩԾ񲻰˼ҿƵġ
48ӷ
ʵϣҪҶַӣҲȷʵᱻͱ˵ˣһЩܺվһϵ⣬
㣬֪ҶǸүү̶߿һ۵ĸˣҲһܹı뷨Ϳ
СܵĽԸ˼롣棬ˣҲ඼˼Ϳ´˵ԭ
λߺʮձеġʣһҪֵø߸ϣһ˸߸ϲԮĸо
ʣҲʣ˵ơûֶĴڣѹסˣ޷ˣˡ
һ̬һۣŪøԹƵİҰôһǸСӽ׻ʡί鳤һҹܡĳƣǿǸװ˵ĳ۲ȱ۵͡ǰװôһСƨû¾װһĪӣʵϣҲǸ谮ֵëӡ㱻ˡлļһ㻹СļƣҶЩ
ҶЦҡҡͷʲôû˵Ǹֽ׻꣬װĵݡһװôãװøһĻ棬ǾͲװģˡ
ٳˣܹѼٳúǮһǮ棬ǾͲǼٳǿ㻨Ǯ
䱾û٣ûװ벻װ˵ⶼΪĽ綨һʱܹƵĴಣ塣ٺװ벻װĽޣŴڡ
ҶУѾǿಣ̳ɢããĺ˵ϵһΪĽ綨͹أҪ˾ûɶǰ;ԡ
ǱƵģǱսġҶԡ
Ҷû˵Ҳͱ˳ĬճյĿŴŵ羰
˺һĵ̾һ·˵˻ôôأǮƵĻۣûǮûƵĻŸۡǲֻҪͱҪأû
Ҷ˵䣬ǻߣ˻ȥ
о仰˵ĺãӷ㣬֪֣֮⻰һ£ô㣬ͲĿպˡ
ԣҶ˵֪㣬Ϊ´ǿ˵־ԣȻĸܡʩˣѻķŻ˶Ǹ
СֹҵﰡĴ󳵣ûⶼûĻǴǽʲôأ治֪ɶ֪֣߳
ͷһۣӣĵͷͷһûϹ˵
ҶͷҲصЦ˵аӣ˵óˣ֪ɶ֪߳ˣнٽǺǡ
⻰ζɶٽǸСӼֹСûĶģᣡһۣСֶšһѣӣͷʹˣ΢Ц
ǣûһ뵽ԼĻ£ǲٻǸңҲٻǸˡѾĵأ
ǲȥʲôطأͻȻ䷢֣ԼôΪôܸɣôʵһ뿪ôʲôǡֻһһŮӴһЩЩһЩˣ
࣬ʵǰҲԼףȴû鿴ڵӦÿʱͻȻ䷢֣Լǰ̫ˣûԣڸûа취뿪ңĶ
Щڣʵ֪һ죬ȴûôͽ⡣ʱһζĸԼŽڣͣĻΡ
ûãζͽ޹ܳúõľӪԼڿҲһ̺ⲻ⣬һ⣬ܹΪԼҸԼļ
ͷģķ羰бÿɶ޺޵ڳ˼£ŪҶĪΪءߣѣһ˫۾һۣһֱ۾¡
ҶҪôˣͻȻЩ֡ҶһԿẦ𣿡Ͱ͵Ŀһڴ
Ҷҡҡͷֵ˵ͷǰЦޡ
Ÿˣҧ˵ĳ嶯ҧСʣʲô˼ҡͷеͷģû׶Ѿ߬СȭͷҪһ̣Ҫݺݵһͨúó֮
49´ǽ
Ҷ̾˿Ŀһۣݵ˵ѾЩͶ·̶ˮһսգҽˣôɵ뷨ܴԴð
ͷһ¶𺳵ɫ벻ΪԼѾ߿СӣڿСܹô׼ȷİյʵʣķӦжһкгǸĻ
òֻΪѰѰĵꡣҶӵϬĿ⣬ƽ˵ҡͷ㣬һ˵Ļ˵һ壬ǵһҺһҶû⣬಻һѣûʲôµģֻǿֵֵáҵͷΪһм˻ֵܣǣңҲңҺ£ҵĹ˼ɡ
ֻǾû˵Ŷ٩٩̸ĿŴ󳵣ĶЩİҲĽˣ
ˣɽżܳĴ꣬лŵ롣
ûв´Ļڷյ飬Ӧ¡Ҷһ˵¡лȻһѸٵȥĿĲ˵ܺǽͨ飬ִŵԵͨԭǱȻҲͬţòеĴ塣ûв´ĻӦǡХ磬ҹʮеһ
ͷͣķţСӴľϲһֱڲͣıǡЩɣͻȻʲôʱһҪĴڣƺҲûܣ̫Ī⣬صļˡ
Ҷ˵ʲôʲôѽģѽġֻ֪ĻǴѧʱǴѧǸҲˣأҪһôһǮż𣿾Բܡ
þĿ⿴ŴСԼһ𳤴ҶͷòУĶ簡Сĸţţȳ찡
Ҷûע⵽עĿ⣬ע⵽ˣҲ⡣
ⱲӣעͻᱻܶעӣС˸ȻһֱҪƽΪܹʵƽĿ꣬һٴκܶε˲òע⵽ĴڣעĿ
ҶԼ˵һ޼᲻ݵ׶ӣǷʲôĴջǻͼڵĴӣ¶ķâ
עӵĿ£Ҷͽϰ˱עӵĸоעӣϻ̳Ͽ֣ûעӣǸ֮£һǿġ
ڵֲүӵλʮĴˣû塣ֻнҹҺ;ǹңн˵ļֵǰߣҵ;ԾߣүӸһΪǰԣӰҿӰѾ㹻ƽԭ˵үҪٽһĻЩˡͷĴã̫˼ޡүӲô³çðǸδɷӦǽҹҵˣ
Ҷ֮󣬿һλСѾЩմˣŵòᣡ
Ҳֲ뵽һСӣù֣ù֣ù֣֪ôܣҵľ˿˿ۣ׼ͷƤأ
ͻȻĸ֡Ҳֻĸ֣׼ȷҶغͿ¡
ͻȻ֮䣬оԼԭӵеЩԽкԺУʧˡСǰû·Ƶģһ˺֣
ָоܲϰ˴оϰ˿Ʊұ˵С㣬ֱһĪơ
оޱȵķŭգ࣬ɱڵĿҶһµӣûУʲôʲôĳ죬ҪڱСǰŪСʲôǣ𣿡
˵⻰ֺˡֽԼ嶯Ĵ̫ˣó˽г嶯ܺ͡
ҶĿǣ϶С׾ٵĽŪʧأȻֺѾ
ͻȻδҹ˵һ仰һŮ˻Ϊһ˿ޣΪЦΪ嶯Ϊ˳ɵʱǾǰˡİŮԶǱѱֻСޣˣǲˣעĿǣ
50¶ˮԵ
ͻȻúܿ־壬ڵ˼һţȫͷǸ뷨Żˡ
飬Сһֱڿİ顣
ǣȴӵʧȥҵİ飬ѱ˲񣬸ף
ǸˣΪ׺Ϳǣ뱻ơİ벻ֻһĩջҪµ顪Ǿǣʧȥҡ
Ҫģһ¶ˮԵֻûʱŴڣ̫һͻʧ֡
ң㲻ˡһ˾ҪʧȥҵĻְѾʧȥ˱õ塣
Уһõĸܡ˻߱һõĸܡΪʧȥ˱ģʧȥңôĶ˵ˣʲôأһС
ǸĻ˻ȥ˵ǸԼѾʼʲô֪СӣҪΣ
⣬ͦߣθͦ󣬾ûԼ䲻䣡
ָĵݣŸ߹󡣶һֹ˼룬ָ߸ϺͿ
ĿЩҶԺܺͣҪ˵ͣ
Ҷͣ˳˳ߣʾ³³֮ʾ˸ϡ
һĮ˳·ͷɱһСʱԺ·ʻʡǽеı
ͣһͬڣ³ָźͬ˵ǸԺӣԺǵˡҶǵһ㲹ͷһʮǮԺˡЩ˲Ǳģһᴦ¶
ҶǶ˳ҪߡҶÿ˳Ȼ˵С㣬лл㿪ʡǣǳѣٿ鹻˰ɡԼУңҲ֣ҪǮϣԺҪټˣÿҷθ
Ҷ˵꣬ŰԪӽ˳һʹ߾Ȼ󲽶ȥ
ԶͷĵĿһм˿ĭҶһûͷٿһۡ
鸴ӵĿԶȥıӰŰԪ󳮣˺÷飬Ҫӳ⣬ͣ˿УĿǰѴɽҰϢ鳮ܾãŷ֣ǷŽ˳ŵǸСС
·ԶʧڽֽǸŮĸߴýıӰĵ̾һ𳵣ſĴ֣һ·ɳ۶ȥ

Ҷʵ뵽װᵽʡֻǺһֱ᲻ǿˮءʵҶʡǽж֮̾͸ߣס
֪ҶԼ׬ǮµķӣͶѧԺĸһʽԺ䡣ԺǸԺӻ󣬵ûк԰ǰ԰ҲûжͬԺӴû߶ǰ԰޷Ტۡ
ʡǣȻԺĵشؼ۸ԵôһԺӣҪܶǮ
ԺӣҶǮǻؼ۸ܱ˵ʱҪôԺӣҲҪļ۸ܰ쵽
Ƕ˵Ҷҵͷԡʵ˵ҶͷԲҵ
صԼļңҶҡΰɾ֮󣬽̷šֻѩ׵Ĵèں˯治֪ǲǿһֱ˯ȥֱյ㡣
ѾǰѾǰĻɫбҫ۵ĹâСԺ档ԺͩͻݲݣǸĿݾ;ԲԶḥ̂ڽɫĹ˲öĿĽɫ£ԵøûʣֳŨŨů⡣
Ҷʰһ¡ģô𣿡Ҷָһ
⣬⣬̫ˣǸƹǿ̫ˡ棬Ĵ棬оԼƶƮƵģֱһӰ
ҶЦļ򣬡ȥЩ·ҪԺǾǳˣҪúһܸ˿ЦֻͬСһЩķСֵܣ
Ҷд󣬶ѾԶԶĴ䡣˵̣ҲֻǸ㣬żǰ̡Щʱá
ɵǺǵĿһɾˬķ䣬ж˵磬׸磬ҿãһѱסҶͰ˼ڣǸҶһţ˴שĵϣҶĵĲЦòС
51
Ҷȥϴһͷ˵СҪٸҸ̬ģҾ㣬Ժûлںڵı顣
ҶһϽģ磬ҲˣԺҲˡ˲С˹һʶ͵ǸƨŹһΰɣ
ƨԭҲûξʰ㣬˵´ΡаСԽԽ˵ˣԽԽˡǲǾԼĳӲˣ԰԰ɰҶ¶аЦ·ӡ
̿˵磬磬Ҳˣ治ˡ԰𣿡ѽѽѽ
ʮ֮󣬱׵ͷһҶ߳СӡԹ̧ͷǰҶһۣСֹ̫۸ˣģˣҳⲻҶ𡣡
ҶЦͷҲص˵а¶ͻȥɡӽԺûбҲû·ûжٶٵİˡ֪ҪһûоƺȣǼ൱ҪСһ
¨˵ԲȿԣҪȾƣǾУ
Ȼ̾ͱͣһԹô꣬ľƿɶҶڹء˵Ҷʳĸ
ߵ˽ϣɫѾɫУһ¸
ֵѾ𣬴ϵĳгԹɢˡһһԶĶĺ١
·˶ĺ棬ĴšоԼ߽˴˵еɾһŮ
ҶʱѾǺţŸǶǸĴЦòСԼһδӴе龰ҲĶ˰ɡ
ʵϸ룬Ҳûɶɶ˵ģȻЩŮ˸ڴô¶˶࿴˷ӦҲ֤С׳
öŮڶЦ˲㣬Ӷ͸ˡЩŮЦզôأԴЩ¶
ҶŮˣͱŮƯ١ʵϣⶼӲģҪŮҲŮô϶Ҳѿе˵ǴŮء
ھЩŮ˶ðˣΪոսӴ磬оʹ̼ȹ۽ȥʱҶͲôЩŮˡϡΪ󣬼ˣͲΪ档
Ҷߵֵѧ·ǽԺУۼ֮أҲǽĵش֮һ
ҶǸԺȴڽβǷǳķǰߣֵԽԽ˷ζ޺ӰƻԻ͡·ϵ˺ͳҲԽԽࡣ
Ҷ̫ϤˣûʲôɿԾͲûˮĿŽֱ߸̺Ů˵ͻȻʵӣԺʲô𣿡
һ¼򣬻عͷɵǺǵ˵ҾҸƯ椶ţ§˾˯һֱ룬Ů˿ɲһ죬ǺöˡһЩ졣
˵ͺˣԼ뷨̫ɶˣ϶˵ûϢӡʶֻԴ׼ʱٵİơ
ǣȴ´ˡҶûӣĿһۡ
һ㶼İÿҶҪ˵һЩҪĻʱĿϰԵϵĻ飬ʱҪ棬֪Ҫ˵ĻһǳҪüסˡ
52ˮ
ͷƤЩ̫϶˵Ǹɶ磬ҾŰɣТ˳ͷã̯õŮ֪Լ˵ĶԲԣ͵ۿҶֻԴϡ
ҶЦˣ¶һĨ̵Ц⡣ӣҪɵˣǲֹϵǸŮ˰ٷ֮ǸͷСۣͿǹӾͷ֪ʲôñͷǸɧͷ̫ˣѾûκرĸо
ɲĿ⣬Ǿֹ쳣ܵˡ磬ʲô˼С۶ʲô˼оʻ㲢ʲôûʲô˼
˼ǰһ˰һֻֻҪιʳͿˣһҪÿ¸ǮʵۣͯۡС۾ûֵСţзݵСžͽ̡ˣŮˣֻǮˡҪǮƣÿŮҲеǣ㲻ҪǶ㻳꣬뷨跨ǡŮˣֻܵܵţǿ񡣡Ҷǵķ֮ŨŮˣǳĿ
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һˣʲôͨͲͨأ˽ֻ黨ֱȭͷϲ֣ϲ档
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˭˸磬㵹ǲ⣡еŭͻȻʧˣ֪Ҷ̫ϵĵǸãǾҪĴ˸á
ҶЦøӵĴɣҸղžϹµģӿ֤ʵˡ˸磬ŻˣڼͷޱأôһŪҶѱûˡ˸磬´βİһ㺦ľûУͺ˼Ĵ˸磬˼ҵ÷һ

ϲЦºѩڳ̲סЦЦڰҹƮúԶԶڸסƮľоͬҹ˼Ĩ˵ɫ
ҲЦǸЦһ£̳аȵϷŨҵĺ⡣Ҷ㲻ҪΪƤЦȫˡܸңôҵ𣿡Ѿ֮󣡡Ҷָ΢΢
ȡȡ
ҶɫЩ졣пΪɵģҲпΪ顣
ҿԺ׵ĸ㣬ǵϸһȰ㲻ǰۣˣֻƭƭСӵСȻҵãԺֻܺúõĶԴһǻŮˣƵ˵ţɡҷ㻹ЩŮź˿ܿͻ֣ᷢǶ㺦ĺܲҺܲңңҲǳҷǳҡģҲŻ㣬ϣܹأ
ҶЦҲҡͷ˵Բ޷Ӧ㡣ұ֤һ㡣ҲΪþͷôʱŮˡºѩڻûķʲôԺܹҵҸҲȫ塣ҵǸŮ˲ͬҪûң޷úȥġԲ飬˵ǲʵֵ顣ǸĿһ۳ȻºѩڿԼ
ʮֵİĮĿҶҲ飬ǲΥòҪ棬벻ͿķѾɱ⡣
59º
ҶʮֵĵȻҵĻҲʹ䣬ǳ䡣ҲΪСҵһŮˡҳϣҶռõıˡһֹֻ͵ҵĲҲǶǷĳͷþʣ̵ٵͷɣ˺ڰ֮У˼֮ʧ
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ҶûȥֻǵĮĽԼĶţڿǶѵĲҰ׹ͷ涼һЩʲôܡ
һХҶһɲմӳҶͣѪĶֻǲβ¶Ķ֣оЩΡ
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ʮԺѾ챻ñ˵ľ˽ҽԺ·ϾѾ˵绰һҽԺſڣе̧˹
ҶȴԼ˳ԼĶ֣ںܶ𾪵Ŀע£߽ҽԺĴš
ЩҽԱϽһ߽˼ҡһŴֵŮҽҪҶҩȴ˵鷳ֱӸҷϰɡѾ첲ŵĵط⿪ѪĴӶʳֽϣûУ֮ƽŪһԵĻʿֱ졣ͷЩǲˣ
ŮҽĿҶһۣûж˵ûʿǻʿҿǸСɷףǺ㲻һۻʿֱӵĶ˶ɿ˶˵ϵĻԺǷ֣û׼֫
ģлл㣬ɡҲ㵣εġҶƽĿһն
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̾˿ֹƣһԵϣҲ˳ĬһͻȻ˵ҪȥĵϣҺһҲȥ磬Ҳһȥɡ
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ļЦ˵รɡϣӣվ˵ȥ·ɣؼҡ
ҡͷ߰ɡһһҪվնһۣ˵ͷ߽ҡ
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Ҷ߳ҽԺĴţͷЩΡʧôѪǺһЩЩ
Ҳǿ̶̬ȵʣޱǿ־ͿһˣܹŲҽУҲ۵˹ȥ
Ҷʵ֪ʱгιȥҲһ¶˵Ҫʹķʽұʩǿţδؾʲôô
ǣҶһǱ͵ԴģԼֳһ棡ǣʵҲۡ
ҶһˣһԱ˺ݣԼݵĺˡ
Ҷһ⳵ϳͱ۾˾ĵ˵Сӣû¶ɣҪǲǻҽԺ￴ɡҪǿҶƣƾһѪ˾Ҳ
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Сӣطˡ˾ҶҶ˳Ǯл֮ͽŲƮ߽İĺͬ
Ҷǿ֧߽Ժӣ￪ŵơͷһȣһ䣬ǵЦոոûѾˣûֻµϢ
61Ƿһ
ҶվԺſڣͻȻ䶼ˡڵܲһ飬Ѿƣúܣǲκһ˵һ仰뱻˴š
ķĿ̵뿪ºѩıȡʲôݣһһѧһĲ
ҶΪʲôҪôݵĶԼΪºѩĸһˡȻֵ¶Էǣһ˰ߣ
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Ҷǰˣֻһ˵ߡǾǴ壬žҪ߲Ż˵Ĵڡ
Ϊ¶ΪΪߵ˲꼰㣬ҶԲ֮⣬ʲô취أ
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Ҷ߽ͻʰװ׵ĵһϣЩһ׼Űɡ
̫ˣ̫ϲΪ룬㣬һֱ֮ȥĶ
Ҷһ߽ӣ;Щԡƿݵʱ̾˿Ų͵ʵ㻹ôſǣҪҵңǣ
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ѩѩҧԾˡҶɱ˹𣿡°µ۾Ѫɫﶼ͸ɭɢŨɱ
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ڲǺ£ͷܡºѩʼգûдģΪҶҪǡģԲģ
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ҶԿ϶ǣºѩһûз⣬ҪȻҲͲ˵ⷬˡ
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ҶǸӰЩ˵ɵȻݣӲˣ
ҶԼֱϣԼĸ첲ͷۻ߳˺ͬҪһ̫ˣûгͣ
ҶԼЩסˣĬʮҲˡڿţֻ֪ʲôطûϡоԼҪεˣ
Ҷ˺ͬڵǸʯϣǽ۾ЩѾϣŹĴ֣ȴһƬڰĽʱһͣԡ
һɫȹӳŮ˳ҵ찡㡣첲ôֶ˰ϳҶֻø첲İһҡΣһЩҺۼֿ콫ס
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һֻĺɫư棬֦׾˲ھӨ͸ĲУ֮һʪۡ
Ҷ뿴ưмǡǵСʱѧĿ˵ư棬֮ĺ档
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촩ıĶ̿㶼Ƿ۵ɫûд˫ƤѥǴһ˫ˬСЬֺͿźɫʮʵһĺ顣
ҶЦߵҶǰ汦һĿʯĸ첲˫Ϳźɫָ׵СԾԾԣûдʯƲ֣գŴ۾ʵ𣿡
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ŮĿǣ˭ҪǣҸϵĻǵ˰˱ӵѪùǾԲһˣһһµһ١
63Ƿһ(3)
ҵģɱҵİҶɨǼһۣ˵ͷЦҶ
ҶһۣͲͣһֺ͸첲ѾΣѵҪٶһ𣿡ǰҶСֶõһȥƿ
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Ҷ̲СĿŵü˳۵Сʲô˼˵Ҫ͵ͷ𣿡СѾһţСֶͷϴһ£˵㵹˵ô˵أ
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ҡͷҲá֪ɡҶʵû׳ʲô飬ܰľ˵һ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢̾Ϣһʮ̹ϵ˵лл㣬̾٣ŵȳľԱѾȴèˡҸл㣬Ҳ˵¶̫ӣһܹ˵顣ҡ̾٣Ҫæ飬һ˵һеġллǸȻĿһ۱գջĿ⣬ֿ˴⡣
ռҶ˵ˣҲͲʲôʵҲ֮е顣㻹û˵ôô¶ء˵Ҳ˰Ծ
ҶҪ˵ҶѾ˵˻ҺֻʶѣûбʲôϵöˣˣˣԶʲôģͻȻЦ˵ҽȻʮֵĸл㣬㻹ҪǵãѾˣҪ϶ķ䰡
ҶЦܺÿŮǰһоЦǶô
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ҶͱնþȵĿ⿴磬־Ⱥܿͱ˹Źֺͱ⡣֪ǺҶûаŵģʲô˵
δС㾹ȻҲһ졣գ쿴ߵӺÿɰŶҶЦһ׷
ոΧ׷˺һ͵˵ͣͣҪ־֣ΧŸʲôŪһǺ磬˵ģĺѵ˵ʲôܲţûи𡣡Ҷ˵˵֮ǲǷһЩɸ˵ܣٺ˿ЦҲ
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ҶͻȻתƱߣ˴ȱⲻһ˳ҶͻʶЩӦֻЩ¶ЦݡһЩǰ飬ʱͶ绹Сء
һ˵ղûйʱ򣬴ͣһֻ㣬һֻư档֪ưǺ滹𣿡ͷﶼ亹⣬ôĹŹ֡
պҶҲŶͷҲһİëĻҶԴﶼװһЩʲôϡŹֵĶʵ⣬ô֪˵ʲôźˡ
ҲЩðȻ벻Ҷʳôɵ⡣ư档ưжư桢ư桢ư桢ư桢˫ư桢ư桢ʮư桢ʮһư桢ʮư桢ʮư桢ʮư桢ʮư桢ư桢ư桢컷ư桢ư桢Զư桢ɫưȵȡûưư档˵ǸһǱֵĶư棬ıһڰߣҲһǣڳеλãණǺоģڻкöı걾ء
ҶϸĿ˿Ǹư棬ȵ˵ô¶Ǻ滹氡ŻʣֿһͬԾǸһĨֵЦ⡣
ԭŮûйͬԣڿϹˡҶΪģǶֻҪúðգɹĻһЩİ
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ɱһΪΪۡþŰ򣬼ΪۡԪϲסжɱ˸衷ľ䣬֮
ǰɱ˵ֶΣԪɱ˵Ȥһ׷ΰҵ
ɱˣ˵һǱʲô
һ죬ԪԵĶϵƶȻͱ쳣ǵȻվȻûǰҰľǣȴҲһƾȡ
ֳһУڳʮֵɻȻصˣǸ˵ײбԪ
Ҷ¥ԪԣһĨӵɫ䣬̾һ
ѵһҶСҲ̾ʶҶζĿ
Ҷ¥ûд
ҺھӣԭǾԺˣһλĽ֮ЩǻᱻġҶ¥ͻȻû˵ȥȤ
Ҷŵįɣٿ죬Ѿ˺ܶǰδ¶ĶԽʵףʵҲЩµŮӰˣᵽ˷˵ĳ̶ȡ
һ𣿡ҶĿ⣬Ҷ¥۾ûȥҲû˵ֻһ΢΢Ĳһ¡Ȼּ鶯İ
Ҷûٶ˵ʲôѾʡ̨ϵԪԣ˵ǶħһˣҶƺҲ۾һЩĶ
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ͺͷһһԪ߹ÿһߵóƵĽŲͬõսģĵǵĿϣоЩѹֺͱƣ
ԪԻôĵȻУͺͷһУͽȻģҪĳֽ࣬һûпܵ顣٣˻ԶԶһ㡣
ڵԪǰųߵĵطͺͷȻǰ壬Ծ˫ֱ߳ԪԵź;
Ԫ˫ҪߵǼϵʱ򣬴ݵ߳ȥһšĿ죬ɻȥĸ죬һڵһ
ͺͷײ̨ϵϣֵԪ˫߳ܶ˶ûһ߳˶ٽţֻǿǸͺͷһƬ޻ͣڿ߰ߵģѪĴڽˮ
ͨһͺͷأԪȴѾȻȥ˺̨ͺͷѪ̨ϣ˵սľİ߲ҽСȻû
ֳҽԱͱԱ̨æһ̨Ͼûһ﷢ѪĺۼŅ̀ߵѪ«ƵͺͷˣѾ˵в˿ֲӡ
Ԫ˭İüͷʳЦͽɡ
˵ŰСѾͷ˳ھͷأٺ١
ҶСһۣŶһС˶˼СѾͷˣǴ绰գǱߵ¶ôˡϾҵĸαܰ˼ҵ̫ˡˣɣΪ˸ҳŴģóֻ߳˶ĳ
ҶߵҶǰǸеСǰǸλϣСŶͨ˱յĵ绰
գǱ߶أҶЩǣƵġ˵ⲻŤһϰߡ֪˭ѧϰߡ
Щ˵ûھаӣӣҳ참ˡ¶ɡӦѾصĳˣְָղŸҴһ绰Ҳ˼գûи˼ĵǸȱ⡣
Ҷ뵽ǱߵƯŮʲôһֱ飬˷ۣα˵ɣô㡣ҲС
һ˵ͻϴθŮռ˱ˣŪЩӶоء
гһѾֳ͹Ҷ˵绰Ҷʮֵӣݱ˵ǰ뵺Ƶ귢˱ըǿֲΪ
ҶܰҲͳٳٲԸ۾ЬɳͻȻᵽһϤϢ
ΪǴ۾һǸߵĻСĶ棬ڵĳء
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ʲôҪҶҶһۣԼСѾŲ˗j߾ĵظɺ֮߸ˡȻϣĿñըźء
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Ҷһ£Ȼ˵㲻ôĿЦĽڡ㲻Ҫõ𣿺ãҿԸ㣬ɡ
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ҶЦҡҡͷ˵һܻᴥ壬ֻҪӡǾͿˡ
ʮϵĿҶ˫ѾĸʺȣһĵòȻò˵ʵҲϣܹõ㣬ַʽҲϰǿŮӣֻ߿ҲŻȥռǡΪ֤һ㣬ҲҪռıˣһ¼ģԺҡ
ҶΪռҶıˣժǣ뽫ȡʱһһ޷ѡĹ
Ҷðǿѹŷŭ˵㲻ҪңҪ̫ôǵģ۸֮ǰӦÿʲôˡиǿŮѣҲסСҧСıֱ졣
Ҷ߳ңһ֮󣬴һԵĴͷҳһǹ߽ԡҡ
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ҶȻܶҵĳ棬ҲˡϾûɱˣҶѪƤⷭ¶ֱۣЩθſͰŻ¸ͣˮ
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ҶҪƿȴסߣǼǹӲСֶ
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Ҷ¥ֶϰ죬ķһ޵ĸпС

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Ԫüͷ壬ϲ˵ǣֵԲӲǧС˵̫ۣ
޳ܡԪĵ³֡
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ԪԲǸŶͷָܷܷĬľƽϢзڵɱ⡣˵û䣬Ҳû䣬˵Ӯˣ飬ҺθɣӮˣˣô˵һɱûɱֻôȥ˵ˣɱ֣Ǳ֣
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˿Ťı飬һɤ˵ôĻóԷĳԲˣûԵĶ²Ž
ҶǵıһӣЦ˵ţ˰ɣȻ˸ͻЩóԵĻȥҰȥţѾˡԹԵĺúϢЩϻȥ㰾úòԣţõģ࣡
ŵ绰һڣҶڹҶֻһ̧ۣͿЦСӶؿڣͷͣĶţжڲͣϳ塣
Ҫ¾ȥ°£һǰҰֱӴˣ͵ҼȥҼҵĵַλ֪ˡŰҪ˸ͷϣǸĴӿ϶˵ġǸȱ۵ļһ÷򣬾Ϊһ˵ġҪ֪˸ҸõĲ˲÷ŵĶʮа˾ŵð˺ˡǸӣر̬ģҲƭǣ
Ҷ˵ˣԼѪܵĸ첲ǿ˿˶ˣջ·۴
ɺͳЦɫʮֹ뿪䣬ճŲãСӾ˵ҲݣСӵ˭ҲǺˡղҶ¶ֻ첲һս
Ц˵϶һˣû˵СӵŮѵĳӾһͺպ·вţ汣ڡģСʱΪǾأ˲֪ϵС񶼲ǣֻһЩСӬӣ
ӬӣҲЩֻܱҧѪɵǿһҹȥͷǵĵϸСӺܰԵ˵Ȥ
Цûзԣֻ˵ɵŵɻһͷأС壬ùһ٣Ǻǡ֪СǸҲ£ȻǶϲ
СӴ˸飬Щڨڨ˵ҪҪȥɣܲ졣һ￴ͷǣ׺ӣȶӾЩת
ЦЦ˵ͷðɣȥȥϽú׼ҵøϽߣ绹¶ءСͷȥ˺ѾСͬ־ʳı龰ò
ʮԺ󣬲Ѿð˳ЦĿñʱݿͲͣ⵹һϡ¶
Цں׻˳ԷҶߣʵ㣬ǸСӵļﰡܵͣǿɻĿһۣЩĻţоƵġ
Ҷѩ׵СͻȻͮͮһĨ֮ɫʵʲôǸС쵰ȥ𣿡ͻȻ뵽ܡ
һԵ˵ǣǸСǸŮѺСЩԵĹȥҪʶһЩˣͷһǵĵף
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Ҷһ˵ѧ·ֽǸطŽߵľгиºͬҾ档С㲻ҧ㰡ְװ۵СӣнͷһǳϲԡЦúÿͷأ˶ǸСռˣȴֶûСʲôأǣ
˭ϡһСˣõҶͷҶ̵ĺܣʲôϣǸ޹ܺߡ
һ룬ҶеԹ˺ܶ࣬Ͷ˼֡ͷҧгݣ÷׷ɵ˼öɵɱҶǸåҪĻ쵰
ɺͳЦ߳˲ͻȻһĸղŵ飬صĶһۣ˱˴еĳԡ
СоûУЩֵֹءС˵
ţҸղһǸСӵļʲôط̾ͺǸɶƵġȻεòҸұ֤Ϊŭ죬Ϊ
Ϊߡģȥһϴּ֮󣬾ֵֹġСùʱɫɫЩ֣
ƨ֣ǷǺ͡Ů˺֮Żеı֣ǺǸСǰŻصĳİ
Цͽֶһۣ𾪵䣬ֱǸĴ԰˿ǵĹ㣬ȻǸСӸģ绹ûˣƾʲôһٶһˣǶ㲻ʡŮмӰ
ţ񻹲ֹмأǴ͹ʮа˾ŶǸҶԸĨˣ϶϶ô¶
̫ˣ̫۲ȴҶĺðײȫ˲˵ԼڼͷһţŮѡ
ǵ⣡ЦƵ˵
С̾˿ҲɱֻҸǧ׼֡
˵ѾߵͣЦ￪񱼶ȥСվһҡҡͷ̾Ϣһӣ߻˻
ʱݿ磬ڳˮķֵϣֵʱ֣࣬Щ˵ĳͣ˸Ƶ극ſڣһоǴ͵ĳչ
Ȼչ϶ûƵĳչ𺳣ʤڹģ֮Ʒ֮ȫ
ЦûпյϲƵĸо󿪵ĳʵǱߣٴǱʻߣҲ޷Ǵıʵһߡ
Ժ裬ЦϴɢЦݣףţϿһֵƵĺˣߵЩĮŮҡҪҪչһ¶ˮԵЩǮ
ڱ˵УЦǸصصĻӣǸȲؿζļһʵǶ˶⣬ϰ˵ģʱҲԼƭԼ
Цﲻ˵ˣԼ׼򣬶ŮˣЦҲԼԭȥŪŮ˵ĸ飬ִŮĸ飬ȻЩԸഺô滻ƱŮӣ߲ܡ
ѸϷֵúܿһֱϷûж飬ǰ飬˵ñȽڵ׵̸顣
ʲô𶯸飬⻰˵̫еˣźǣڶҲ֮󣬲Ż֪⻰ǱصȷԣŮֻж˵һ֮󣬲֪һԵģԺٲһȥҲ޲˾ˣٺҲϼ䣬Ǹѵ顣
Ц̾һ˳֣ƱƮʵԲôģƮĶĸһϲһףһ
վϣʱһЦ潿ȣһ˼Ľ񳯣̾̾ϡС
ЦЦԽãȴȣ𵱳ԼɵŮ˰ɣճĻعˣȴĸˣʱഺ٣ͷŴаŶ԰㽣Ūñˣʧȥȥ˵
ѧ·ǰЦѾǸͣһͺպ·ĺͬڡһ˺һںͬеʯϣ֪˵ЩʲôǸЦϵãǸȡ˸ŮֵСӣСӡ
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ЦĿͣ·ԱߣѾӭû˵ֻǽӹݹȥͬȥ
˼ͻȻͣסתͷ걣ڣ緹ȥ԰ûǸһȥԣɩǸǧС㣬Щ˶ıڣ˵˲㣬Ͳ˵
ǵʱȻȻѾʼö˼ˣδȻһĽҲδǿų֮׵ȾѾʵ
걣Ц˵ȥɣԼģпչңҽ塣һЩͬѰͷ
˵ͷҲûж˵ʲô첽ȥЦʣµ·걣ڵʱζĿЦЦʮֵĹŹ֣һֱҶҵԺڷֹͷЩ̤ʵ
Ժ£ѾźһӣԱ߲ԶϣŽŮСЬСѾԣſֻǣһЦȻëвĵͺһ˫ɭɭĶŸ߽Ժӵĳ´ү¶˶ɡ
ȻȣЦָոձŮѩ÷񣬵ǺһȶӾЩתȫ䣬֮УǴ˶£治˴ĵط
ºѩһ˫ӣ֮Щɵӳĵ⣬٣ƮλãóЦ￴һȴûпһ㣬ϣԴǺһɤӣߣҽУҧ˵ĹУھҧϹӵĴǣôϹߺأûȣ
ʶȻõĴʻ㣬ǴҶ͵˵˵껰ЦЦ˵û¶һǲҧ˵ģҧġǺˡ
ЦҲɵȻСӵĻлϽջ˿ºѩĿ⣬ڨڨһЦ˵ͷ
һγ˳Ц֮⣬벻ºѩôҶ˵СӶΪλ˵Цһ֮£֪λʵѾ˵ñȽǫˣŮҶǣҪϼ֣ʤϼ
ðײ˶ˣЦҶĸ̣ӵĳζ
ЦȻǲޣȴûʲôͷ˵ĶָԵĶȥǸ룬ǣѾʧȥǣ
ŮЦֻǾúҲܴҶǸһ߹ʺˣһʵŮʺ´٣˵ϲһͣҪҵǸˣ;ޣ޷ġ
ЦԼûжģҪȻҶı̬ŮˣΣյĳ̶ȼǿԤģԲȸһ߲εŮ˸ȫΣյ˲Щ߸ϵЩùķСȭʦҶˣܲǵĻԲ˳Ϊ֡
ǳЦﺦҶֵãһ⵰һ竣һһĲһǰҪǷǶһĻѡֱӽҶ˼
ЦҲϣѲϰڣȴ˵ллˣ٣㻹ôҪæҾͲ鷳ˡЦһмӣѳЦͦƣǲӭ
ҪĸװĸҸЦʹƺȥˣǶСӣ֣ܶ־ûûȵı֣ңͬڵжֵ˼Ҳѹ
ǺãҾˡЦ￴˿ΣǸŮѾ۾ǰĽԣЬӵѩСŲŶǸͲȴһ㶼ûС
óЦͷƤЩ飬һ뵽ͷһͷܳԵһ˫СѾСȣðһİëаʲô˾ʲôŮˣͦһСѾͷŪҲһ̬Ĵڣģ治˴ĵطûһˣ
Ц͵ſڣЩŹֵ飬Ц˵Ҷô̫ɩһ͹ԵøС͹ƵģԵְҶĻ˵ԵעǿġǿҲú
Цϵıһӽסˣ˺һŶõЦ˵ӣ֪ɵһ¶ʲô𣿡
ҲЦúܡĵͷ֪ȥȭͷȥײǽ٣ô룬ҲģҲᣬղŴ绰˵ˣȻɫһ㣬ǸԭˣȻҲϲ֣ҲûԭĶ֡
92΢Цʹ
˵ˣǸзȵүӣǲһһƽϵģǺѪˣҲǲֱӲ˵СйߡΪǳ٣Ǹиеݵˣûʶ֤˶ݵˣ
ִſڵϳһϸɿš˼£ľ˳˳ȥ˲βǱߣֿһƤ¶ɫĲ֣ݸһƿЦĳЦҶ˵ˣһúܱƣҸߵʱšнУûȥû¶ѶͲˣθɺʹˡ
ԼšһнУȻֻһܼ򵥵Ƥڣų̵Ĳͬ׵ĲͬŲͬı仯ζһнУͬõħѣóЦۻңĿɿڴͰѸղŵƺͲ޶ǵһɶ
߳˲ºͬЦϴƮ΢Ц·Ǹ걣ʱͻȻֵһ죬Ȼһ̧ͷЦ
ЦԼĿ磬ﻹڲͣķֵŪ·ˣú걣һ㵵鿴Խĵ⣬Ǹо͵СĻǣЩƨƨߣԡ
ʱݿԶȥˣ걣ջԼĿ⣬ͻȻЦǸŪндţУҪǸһȴ÷谡ЦЦĲУıǶʮֵľȣĺţλͷƽ׽˵ʱ
ͬ׶ԺºѩԳŷԵЩŤΪºѩԵúֺźÿԼҪǰôԷĻЩˡ
ºѩЦ˵ӣкӳԷŮƵģһһĳԣ̫ûˡһӵĲˣҪٲЩĻƵϾҪˣңſԣǲЦģҲϲˬк԰ɣ
ºѩһŲˣͷڴڵĳţĵĿԼԵòֻ࣬ǸŲˣԵú㣬кܸˡ
С͸ºѩȻܳ谮ȴһֱоȱЩʲôƩСܵСõģʣİģҸӵĵطھǸСܵӹʣİˡ
ųţͻȻ棬ºѩһæʵӣôˣٿкӿޣһоʮֹּ۵кӣͻȻ޵øʲôƵģЩԡ
ɩӣû¶ȥϴһͷϵʱºѩӣôˣǲʲô¶
ºѩУҶֵܣֵܣСܵ¶ȻҪ岻ݴǵİæ
ºѩһĵǣһҸ˼ĺ˵ɩӣˣҾǡǾҽ㣬׽㡣ǵúСʱҽͶغãϧͷɬ˵ȥˡ
ºѩţùϣܹŵĻ˵оЩ
һˮڣ侲ϵЦ˵ɩӣһΪǧС㶼źأǲһҶи˸ϱҪ֪ĻһǳĸˡɩӣԷɣҲԵ㣬ɫÿͷȥǱɽϿЩҩ㰾ЩѪȺȡԣҶҸҲҩͳˡ
ºѩůģԼҵһˣҲһܺõСܵܡƾֱˣһֱԼоָŮɵҲƭһϲűˣģϲűˣҲϲκϸ
һ澵ӣʲôıͻʲôı㣡
ΪºѩšʩˣҪȡ֮Ҫ֮ԭԵһ򶼷ǳĺáĵű󼰵ȺڻϲˣҲãŮҲգڶȺĳҲЩȺĿĹ΢Цʹ
ٳºѩǳطƫִһŮҾԿȱȱ㣬ҲǸϡòϡļƷŮҪע֣ǡáŮ
ҶǼһһ˵Ļ쵰ҲˣиʵĻ쵰ǶиʣİСܵĺɩӣҲǸ˵ɵСӣһҸ⻷ļһ
93ȻĶ
Цͽɸ뿪ᣬȳӾͿҶһ䣺Сӣ޳ܵӣҵķ緶ӲҪá
Ҿңӵ𣿡ҶȳӵһƣԼҲһЦ˵
ȳһЦû˵ֻ΢΢ףƱһ£һȻҶͿʼ§ϯ
§ϯʶǷﲻͨôʻ㣬ʶصһ§ˣҪһиʶ§Ǯӣڴ˼ͬʹԼĵ˼
Ҷ§ϯʮ˴嶼ǳ˴ģҶһ˵ÿǺһϳԷʱ򣬶зǳѹһֻǿЩи˵ĽҵЩģʣ£ʣһЩˣ
ã׷㹻ģ§ܳԱӣҶĴȱ
ΣȴͬҶ˶֣ȳȻڷϵĸ߳գôһ֣һʤһƣޱȾĿע£ʮ룬ͰһӲ˵ľɵˣʣһЩ̺͹ͷӡ
Ҷһſյӣüͷ̫ˣǸСţһӾ͸ôˣأ壬Ա𣿡
ȳӵͷѾǩͷͱҶѪںǺ޲ܹһֻǦ˵һ仰壬ôϸộˬ
Ҷվ˫ӣתȦñĿͻȻ̾һƶʮǧֱǮձִ粻ʳνĹãȻѰư߱ѿѩɽϪϣζͣߡԷѣԲѣٷˣڡʱֱͷ׺
ۡ
ȡ
Ż

Ҳݡ
ܶôҶʫЩ񾭣˶ЩźҪԼǸäû̫ʫöðյģ˼ҵθ
ҶߵԪЦŵ磬ܰԳӲҿһǳԲģԲ˷ˣҰ㣬𣿡Ǳ˵ѾСֶÿӷɿһֻϺĴϣһҡΣͰѴϺ˿ϣ
ԪԾǲҪˣôҪˣҲѵ˲ᣬ˾ܺһֺǿܱ뺷ı£Ҳһ츳
ҶԵֵͣһѾƣһڣʵ磬õڼЩꡣ
Ԫһ£˿ӣòͽ˲죬ľţĵ˵ȣҲ磬Ƕ֣ΣǷϻܲΪܣΪӮñ˭Цһ̣
Ҳ룡ҶЦ˵һԪԣֿͷʳˣһĻ䣬Ӯα㿴¶𣿡
ΪʲôԪɻĿҶСӰ˳Դ¿ˣҪǸŷ켷ˣֱĪ
Ҷ˵ղӮһѣҲӦӮһѣûлĻֻܳԿˣͲԹңֻܹԼ̫˵꣬ŴϺˣҰϣϺڵʢһڣર죬񵭰ľ꣬˵Ŵ̫̾һСܵܣʲôΰ
Ұ̧Ҷһۣ˫ëĶ˵ʵҶֱеĸоֻҲͬĸоŮ꣬ʵ˱
ҶԼҪǸʱ䳤ˣþ͵ñɲСһĴʵ̫ǿˣ֪Ǹеģûежǿҵĳ嶯
Ҷȥ£ΪԼȻһȻĶĸоⱾǾܵ飬ûйְãָо˵ʵǿңĽƱ͵һ˶ģǳŮˣ޷ʵ
ҶԼҪˣˣͻȻû˱ĸоĸ˵ıҲŹֵĺܣûпĻ뷨ˣԲԼҲһһġ
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ҶҡһԴԼҪⰮߣҰִʱظĸоһĽҪ
Ұû˵ͷ֮ͼԶԶܺÿźСζʵȻŮˣǾֹϲǻǺȻܴݵôˣ˸оŤͲˬ
Ҷ֪λǸƺ«ҲͲٴϺ˺ϣû˵˼Ҿվãˣ
ûиҶȥֱĨĨ죬Ҳź߳˰ᣬԪԺҰˣʣһݰҶһǩĻȳӡ
ҶһֻзһͻȻ̧ͷԻȳ˵һ׬ǮֻΪ˳һٷô򵥡
ôҪǽţȳûоȣܵȻʵ飬ǰ;ܶΣʲôϡ档
Ҷҡͷңҵϰ壬Ҫȥÿ̶򣬽㣬ܰļС۸񲻵ͣҲߵģʤڻнͰżСźǺܶ˶ҲԿҶ¥ǸµŮˣͶ롣
ȳӵ۾һ£ǸһĨŹֵ΢Цһ£ҡҡͷ˵ǲ֪ҵĶ˭ɣ֪ˣͲǽˡҲ㣬ͷҪˣҲûĻǾʹͷˡԣˡվŹһȳһյĳ˰ᣬʣҶһһ߳Զһüͷ¶
ҶѣͻȻ򿪣˽ĮıڣŹ֮ǰվбڣⲻơ
ͷӵĿҶͷԶûд˼ʮֵһٶҩڱıԵݺݵ˵㺦ҶǮʸô㣿
Ҷ̧ۿ˿ĺܲƤҲҲʲЩԱӵĲòͽ˲죬ֲ˲֣Ĳɵ˵֪˵ʲôͦõһˣô־أҩ˰ɡ
վһӣſȥŭҴһҪǹѣ±ӻҲô񣡡ǵĵ̰ڱһѹһݣһ˲䱬ˡ
Լںδڵĵһֱѹŵŭ˷йȥƾ˰֣ôĸһݱ΢ĺȭɨء
Ǻܿµһ飬ܹ˲ͱƣֻһˣҶһãһͳǹͶ
ֻǰһŻûüϵСͶһĶǹܣ
ѹűǽϣ屻ļѹţҪȴвֽŻûлڣ͸ѹס
ҪΪԼбͿΪ֧ǹܸ㶨ʵϲܣǼѣҲûκεáңֻҪһǹܹ㶨㣬𣿡
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˴·ɳϣҶóһ̣ѻӸղѾɵϰ񣬾Ҫ̣ͻȻͣסˣüͷһ壬к˸ǸҪĻ񣬽
ĿҶͷϵǸֻ֪Ҳһ벻ǰıˣȴˣңô಻ĿԼ붼ڼ˵ĳ档
Щ棬ǱȵĻԼԭԼЩź޳ܰµЩ飬֪Լôˣû裬ǸҪļŮҵС𡣡
Լһ˲̮ˣȻһֱһһƵĻʵֻΪӶѣСֶûأҪֻŮһ޳ܵĻ쵰õ˲л
㵽Ҫôں޲̾ͰǧУֱףһܹԸ˵ˣܹԸģԪǸЩܡ
Ҷ΢ЦŵͻȻһ䣬ĿʮֵָָԼ̣ϬĿ絶ƼƵĿɱˡ
Щ͸ͱˣԪԺְүүŭʱҪأһսͷһᣬڴ۾תΡΡĻ˺üΣŰѻţίίʮηĸȼ̡
Сûô¹һˣҲ֪ԼôôΪܹʱɱΪղԴǸ棬ҪİѱأãȻ
ҶСͷӿôһϧֻһӶѣϧûˣּӲԵǶԼ̣͵öݵ
ԼȣۿŶ̷ƽصСŮ·ʱ򣬿ǳۣ·֮󣬻ЩͲó
ֵ̿վΡΡϣ΢΢ᶶ۾ģǾֺίһֻܾСã
תһ룬ҶЩͿˣֲʲô֮ףԾСѾͷȻǸӨǣεı־ѹղŸûз֣ܾںǸʱĸоأԭˣ
Ҷղһʱ򣬿ԼǸƮһֶһ龧Ө͸Ե׾ʲô¶
ҶǸһͻῴĲ֪ǴԺǴʲôط磬ʮ֮Īڣÿժ鵤ҩʱ򣬾ͻǸֳһǰõЩ鵤ҩѾһӣĴ֮£Ҳý᳤Щʲô߷ôһֱ仯
壬ôҵͼءͻȻСָҶؿڣһľ棬ͻȻָһ˵ôССأ
ô˵أʲôСˣԺ˵ЩһͦݵˣôרûݵĻ˵أһˮƽûУСƨϴ˼ƣ̾ͿɵĴ۾
Ҳˣ塣СһǣĲһĺģѪĳ嶯
ҶԼϵĶظֻӣ˿ʱ䣬˵ˣӦóȥˣ˵˵Ժʲô㣬˵ʵĻֺĺݡ˵ͱղŻھͱ顣
һһŪЩͷϰ£Щ޴ĸоСüͷͰ͵˵ʲô߬أ㾿ҪôﶼͼԺ޸˶ˡͻȻһɻ˵ؿҵͼôҲӦͼ񣬿ΪʲôǸС˶壬ƭˣ㲻壬Ǹ磡
ͻȻҶϽһƤһͬʱϲѣԭ㳤ôÿôôС㻹СܵءĻû˵꣬СƨϾͰƣ̾ίί˵壬˼ҲˡûпôС壬۸ˡ
ı鴿ɰ۵ȴһЩгĶȻľֳϷ
Ҷ۾Ͳ׽ЩŮҪװǺѶԸЩ²ȥ֣Ǵ˵е˸հɡ
ԿŮǰֳôԣҲ֪ʱӲӲֻ·һװɰԻڿ԰ȫȻٸˡ
һ룬ҶмͷҲܺԸˣԸһĻŮܱȶһɵ˰Ů֮ġ
ҶŵȻƽ˵㣬Ҫʲô취Ըңɱң뿪Ҿͻйһ˱ֻҪһ֣Ƶͻɣʱͳ˴ˡҪװˣ֪ûô棬ҵĻˣԺ㻹㣬һңҲвʲôģֻϣһҪʱҪʧҲпԶûһ죬㻹ǵһжûзˡ
Ҷ˵꣬ͻȻ÷ŭ·Сһ£ݺݵĿɱ⡣
ͶˣҾ֪ûôһһֱڱ֮ϵĴСôĿܶҳԲѣܲʵ˵С㣬ݼλͬʱҲ˵ǳĵİԶԶһŮӣû׼Ҹƭ˹ȥϵء˵꣬ƿˡ
ɳԼȾɺɫС㣬ͻȻͷ˺һź۾Сһͽ˲ˮŪ˱ڣƿ˳ȥ
⣬ڻɵһվ˿ǣŨҵɱ⣬ȴܵȻ߰ɣȥƵꡣѾûٴȥˣңҲĿʼʹһξôãôܲء
ĸֱ뿪˻ȥ˵۹Ƶ֮꣬һЩǸոոϹڣŮƽ棬ֶԶǰıܶ౶
һ߽Լĺ׷ͶߵǸڶӳ˼׵Ů˵ҲٿĸɾЩ˵߽ԡң˼ĮȻ߳˷䡣
96²˼
ǣһ¡˼׶ĸбڵ˵Ǹ߽бһ
ĸŮţ˼׵ĮĿ˿ǣ·ߣһԼѡҰѡһ
ĸҪȴòһһ;ȺҺӲӿЩǵǰѪ죬ǵѪ
ĸ˺﷢õѪ˼ڲԶɳ쳣侲ĿһѪ˻֣ŮڹѪȾĳëָ̺ľʬһýã̧
һ﷢һڣʮ֮ĸſֵŮ˳һ˼׵˵ͷȥ
˼ķ䣬ûţΪڣȨǳһȫΣ˵˵ҪûΣ޷ı
Ѿϴ裬ڿ̨ŴⷢԡۣЩ죬ʹӵľˣЩͣüͷţſȣȴһڶûкȡ
˼ߵߣӿڴóһСƿӣοƿһɢ˵С㣬ܹãȰʹȻ̸顣
˼ͿͬʱҲЩľʧְɱ⣬ûбѡԾ˵˼ҲҪĸûʹüֵķҲҪǻҲ˷ʳΨһĳ·
عͷ϶ۣͻȻ˽˼׵ĻصĿ˼׽ҩƿǺã΢ŵ̾Ϣһ§Ѿö궼û¶̬С㣬ĸĺ󱳣һĨϧͷŭɫ
˼ײ֪˭飬һԿ϶˭³һܲңǣǵ۹߲ĴǵŮӦûֿܣ¶Ǻзִ͹صģҲôߵλãԻǰ̡
Լʮַ֮˼׵Ļ뿪˲˵û¶ˣ飬Ҫֳ֪˽Ĺֻǣôʢˣͱˣ˱仯仯˼һ̾Ǹꡣ
һ˵ĳҪһЩ߻Щ߻ǱһЩ飬ڿʼóˣ߻죬˺صĺ֢˼״۵ֵɭ֪СԺԶ޷ص³ç嶯ȽϵĹȥˣѾһˣ˼Щļ£ӡУһŮҲ仯ģ󣬾ͳѪŮħȻǸŮ˳øʹ
97¹
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ϲƬǸЦĶƬһֱɴ˿ԿԭһֱǸ߰ĴŮӣѾٴˣİãǲڶ̶̵ʱ﷢ʲô޴ı仯
кܶණǱĬڷת䣬ֱ˺ܶİúϰߣǰȻҪͣҲҪԶȥǹԡ
˼ûڶƬϣʵǰźܸܺЦĶƬڿôᣬֻķÿ֡
С㣬Ǹô˼һѲµޱȷذף۾ϷɿתƻһźĴƻܿͱ¶΢ƵһƻƤ̯ڲ輸ϣһ£
Ĭһҡͷܾ˼׵ݹȥƻŵ˳һ񣬲˵ϣ֮ǰҪʹ飬һҪõСȭͷţָﶼûв۵ϣȴһƬѰƽ
˼׳Ĭĵ˵ͷûǼʲô֪϶ʲôö򲻻СôĪ̸Ǹ϶˲ֹһ˺С飬ӦñݺݵĳͷΪ˺СˣǶõˣ˼ҲҪƴȥСҸڵһ壬˭С㲻Ҹ䲻ڡ
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˼ȥһ£˷ţһµӹһصɳ֮˼׾ʹ˵ֻǿһ㣬üͷԽ࣬üͷԽٿ˼飬ʣô𣿡
˼ҡͷݸС㷭һ֮󣬺ݺݵĽ˺÷飬Ъ˹Ｘ˵ҪҪ
˼׵˵ͷ̾վߵſڣȴ̾˿˵ˣȷһŰɡ
˵߽꣬ң˼վſڣﴫҶкƿڴϧ֮ɫҧҧ촽ͻȻᶨƿţȻȥ

Ҷ֪Χַô飬֪˲˵ף뿪˰֮󣬾ͱ˶ˣǸСĵ鷳
һ磬ڻ̵ߵɹ̫ҶԣС˵ҶåҿλĶܣСѾ֤ݣ˸ù֤ݣĴ۾Ϊ˵ԵʣЦг£ϣҲУէ֣磬ʵǸܶ˵СѾͷ
98ˮĽ˭å
ҶǸСѾͷſûǰչţ͵չһСû˼ģҶε˹ȥ
Ȼ˵ӣ룬˻һ仰ΪŮΪɫɴ˿ɼŮɫ˹ͬ׷Ŀ꣬ҲŮ׷Ŀ꣬СڣôĿŵĵš
Ҷñôһ˵ģԿ϶û뺷ǿ
Ľţһ˫Сֶ滨һ˫۾ϴȥֻһ˫ѩ׵Ĵ֣Է۲ָ֪ͷˣ
ҶȻ佫һϣʮֵסһ˫Сֶޱȷŭ˵㾿ҪʲôҪұˣŮå⻰ˮݺܴ󣬵ǲɷϵǣղһĻĵݵȷСѾͷͻȻ䷢˿ԼģŪơ
å˼Ҫɱ㡣ءһ޶ϵݶôŮӣóֹഫľУʵ֤µĲһõģµĶʱá
Ҷ޷ԴһᣬСѾͷֻЩֶҪıҲ̫֣СѾͷĶвǿңʵܿɰ²ȥ֡
ˣˣˣһԼ˭ġҶǸСֻ˳ǶƵŸ
ҶȻС˫µСЬӣ첽߽˻Сȥ˲ŷӦҲϽ˻档
С˶õ׷СſţһĹŹֱ飬üʣôˣ㣿˫̥ȻЩ񣬵ʵͯۡ
û¶ЩҪС˵˵Сֱƿ˷ţ˽ȥûˣԡлˮдĸվϣʱһЦ潿ȣһ˼Ľ񳯣̾̾ϡСɽˮңңǧ·졣
С֪ƱƳĸƱ˭УһŮһʥ߹ĴڣСУЩνŮ崿αװһνŮŮˣԲǸȦֻ˲ע߹עĵط
ƱƵĸȷʵСҲϣǸʹЫŮˣȷʵЩװߣЩȻ˵ʱŮˣҲ㵹һСһǸпܳΪҹҳϱغС꾫
һġվСĴɤ֮󣬱˲ײС沿鼡ⲻˣҲЩ΢΢Ťǣݹ죬ЩЦá
С㣬ǸСӸղЬӣ˵һֵĻһҪ˵˵Сߵԡſڣ˵
ԡĸʱжˣĬһ£˵ţ˵ɡִˮͷ衣
˵ãСЬӣҿӦֵǧİɣҪҵֻң·ԼҲ㴭һöһӹζľʧѵĻҾͰ˫Ьõȥḽպ;ʵ˱ݡСһֲĽҶĻһ顣
ˮ͸ȻֹͻȻˢһţСְֺ׵ļ˵ǿȥеһҪ
ͻȻʶԼӣϽסؿں棬ˢһ˲ţСˣСѾͷܻĶå˵ĿôûأȻˣŰɣСôӣߡ
СȭͷžžСѾŵϵˮŪˮĽһɰСԳཱུĽСģɷǿɰ
99´ը
Ц￪űʱݿ磬˽Ŵ·һ·򶫣ֱȼٴ壬ʱ·Щһ
ŽŴ·ֱǰУ·͹㳡Ͱ뵺Ƶ꣬Լ˼Ƶ꣬ЩطЦﶼȥиߵСûĵطг´үµ㼣˵үŮ⻰ʵشŮŮҲֻиŮƵʱŻû裬һִ壡
ǰǰ뵺Ƶ꣬·ͣźöкܶפۿĽֵֻܲ
ЦͻȻҶ˵վط˵﷢ըϤǿֲΪҲ֪ĻǼٵģֲʲôʱСطҲȤأЩЦ
ԴĴ¥ɻײ֮󣬿ֲʻȫ緶Χڷ־ǰķǳ̬˱Ƚϳ飬ķУҲ˷ֲţԻ⾯Աؾ
ճԱ֮⣬һݣʡؾܶӸӳ𲻱оֳָ͡ηģʵĵݣɲǿ󱳾
ЦĿѾȺӵĵطǰ뵺ƵǰشĿųҪɨţܷλͷʱͻȻ¡һ죬оضҡΣ뵺Ƶ¶ͣĵ汻öڿն𣬷ϸߣŷص䣡
·ʻĳǾ뱬ըֳģͨͨ飬Щ˱û˹ȥֵͣԶֻһЩ̳˹ûߵԱھƵͣˣûôõˣҰҲ̶ã
ЦĳǷģֹصĺϣ˵ֻǺǰĳײһ£ûôǰЩ˾ûôˣ˲Щˣͨһʱ̱
·ߵľԱϽ绰оȻͬʱ˽ʼ赼ͨЦﱾҪ³ǾԱĿʮӺ󿪵·ԷһƬյϣ˳֮󣬾뵺ƵܣıյİΣ
ÿжкܶȦӣڹǵȦӣÿһжУڻĵ۹ƬϡڶȦ棬ڹȦŽᣬȦˣ֮ǲɱ飬ֵܻĲأ˵ˡ
ڽڹǵĵȦЦͽɣСں׻ǹϵõĸǶҶͷõĽã߸˵Ĺϵַ֮ĺѣ˵ǿ߲嵶һ֣ҪΪ˱˴ϲһǲ⣡
ЦղһǳըԴѾһƬհˣҲͷɫɷףȶӶЩתǺ£Ϊıճ¶
ЦǼĶӣûֵܽãǱҶԼĽģǱգ֮һֱ׽һչÿʲô¶λǽѣȸĸԼҪãĸܸĶλ㶼ģ֪顣
Ȼ˵Ů֮䲻飬ǳЦȴţͱλ֮䣬ڴֿ飬ɣһЩĳɷڡʵǱգҶƽﶼװͰͻ߸߰壬о񲻺ýӴʵϣ˴˵ĸ鶼ǳĺã밮޹أСһĸ飡
ЦײײģܵըֳͱԱЩĽҪȥڲϴһ£ҪŭĴֵʱͻȻ˱վǰЩжĿ
㣬û¶û¾ͺãû¾ͺáЦһоԼʪģ֪ôͿˣ̫ˣ˰
óֽ˲úй˵û¶С򣬿С˻ֵģȥɣõˡһѣЦļתˡ
Ц￴űյıӰʧȺ¶Щ˼ȻĿ΢ЦٿЩԱЦݶʱЩӲˣǲõˣǽ죬֪жٸͥҹأЩĿֲӣ˸ڵģ͸ðǶץסǧУЧȣ
Ц뿪ߵԼĳԣմ򿪳ȥڳĵ绰Ǹ׳ٴĵ绰λһʡ֮ĸ׺ٸ绰˽ֻʱ򣬾͸ӵ١
ιְ֣ʲô¶Ц˵绰ʵ
100̼
һûʲô˵ĳ·Щģû¶ͺˣˣԲԲҪȥ棬һȥһ°ɣùæúܣչ˼ԲԲ˵ˣֲ¼ֹͷ۵ˡϴԲԲؼҳԷԸġ
Цﻹ˵ʲôǱѾҶ˵绰ӣЩε̾˿ϵûбѡˣѳǰ·תһ·ˮ԰ʻȥùóңˮ԰档
ЦͳԲԲСõĹϵܺãдڶ˵ʲôһǸСѾͷ֮ĴҲСˣһ̸ĳЩĿʱԽȻĲͬΪ˺гദЦһ㶼ͳԲԲ棬̫СЩ˵Ҳ籣ּĬ
˹ùüҵıԲԲȻѾ֪ҪվſŽŵأߵģĸСѾͷСȿСȹģױŪøСЦ̾˿ѿͣǵԱߣ˳˵СѾͷͶ˳
ãšࣣԲԲڳЦһڡ
˧Ŷࣣ
磬ϲŶࣣ
磬һŶ
磬ࣣ
Сǹ˺Შ˳ЦһڣŪʪģȴЦرģ͵СԵС꣬óʪ˲˵ΪСϷܻסңҶ֪Ҹ¶Ժѧ㽡Цʽ𶯲һŮҪѧ԰𣿵ˣø˵ʱݿˮ·ת˸Ƶİԭ·ء
磬ǶЩɶģ춼ʲôȤĻԲԲȥȼٴ壬壬ȻЦûȥĳ棬Ҳ֪ͷЩɶ
ЦżŮĲɵ˵ûʲôǸ˸ȭʲôʲôҲСѾͷƬģͣİҪǵϹڣҲҪͻҪǼ˺úõһ١һۣ⼸СѾͷÿοЩͷۣһԲԲۣĸСѾͷǼֱһˡ
СŮĵ춹ᣬԲ£ǶѾ⣬һҪȥǸȭ˵Ǹɴ̼ˣͲ֪ĻǼٵģһҪʶһ£
·ˮ԰ſڵǸӾصʱ򣬳ЦѳţһһǲһϢţȻôٶȣ˶һûżҲڵĿţ濪ǸͷҲ͵͵б۾ЩűȻŮʲô˵ķ羰˾أûˡ
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ԲԲͻȻ˼ȣ˳ЦһҲһһ죬׷βˣСѾͷЦǱӾˮŮҲ欵ĿЦ
Ц̾˿ͣȥժī˿Լĳβֿ˿ڳûͷָָû￴Ů
ЦЦˣԼĺ䣬ҳһѩ׵״ϣһߵԱߣ£ˣǸͷҲɽĲŪˣҺǽᾧҪǰֲƾ͵ûݣ
ĲԶЦʵЦţֻҪϤˣ֪һ¶飬ҪѪùˣһַҪǲϵЩʲôԲͣ֡
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ЩӾ￴羰Ҳû۸еŮÿĵطɱȸղŶ̫ˣĳҲֻ֣ͣ˶ȤüͷˣԸ⿴һĻСıǶϽ˹ϣԻɸΪ񲯣ҪŪôģǿɾͷˣǶΰ
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𿴳ЦһӸСӣ磬˭ҪôʹشˣʵǸʵһıͽС󣬴Կʱ٣Ƿϵ˵ʱ֣࣬Ȧ棬˱գ˭壬ֻǣһԶˣϾǶأҲǵСӣЩʱټһȥ˶أҪǱֵĻ᲻ǣ˵ˣⶫż滹̼ͦ˾Եòˡ
ͷϾŲ֪ǵʲôˣ֪廨ͷļһʵڲҴСÿ춼ڼֵֻ߲ͣһǸ߳һ
ϾҲԭǸСسǽ˵ĽɫøŽɵȻû죬ʵѾٵˣһزУڻСǷйáǸϤ˶ԼҲ
Ͼһֱã۸ɶǵû˼ŪϼţȵˣǲʱݿСײǴˣҪúõһ棬гǼС椶һȥúõһ֣
Ͼĺǵĸֹ䵽˿մ첲Ȼһ۵ʱ֪Щˣ첲ˣֹܵˣԷһһµϣǴһȣܣȴԶֶһ첲һȡ
ǱҪܵģһ磬ʱͶЩǳ´ٵݣ˵ǳ٣ֵСȥܰûʸ
и˳ȥס˳Цı˵٣ٴˣٴͳˣô࣬Ӱ첻á֮⣬ٵĵطôŶС
Ц￴˿Цŵ˵ͷһϢϾһӣ˿һžȥ
֮󣬾Ա٣ʮ֮ŽɴȥҽԺͬʱϾǰӲ֪ǳֵܣѾȥ˷ȼٴ壬ΪǾŸ籨

ҶŪһǱսҶ¥üͷű˵ȥ˰ôŪ
ô𣿲ǵˮϴ˸𡣡ҶС㣬Ҹط·ɣ·ɡҶƵ˫Сĸ߸Ь
Ƶܣ¸ע⵽ȻƤѾԭӵըĳ̶ȣܲúƤռɱУûǲΪãĥС۵飬ĥһЩʲ
Ҷϸᣬϡɢɽϳ´׵ϢϢԶƳƺӺһֱᵽδˮ硣
ҶסҶ¥Сֶһڣݺݵҧ촽һڣ޷޵˵ξͷŹ㣬óѣ´ΣҾֱӰȥ̫࣡
Ҷ¥ͻȻӵһ绰ʹҶӣûӰˡ
102С֮
Ҷûнѵ⣬˷ţԡϣߵſڿһ£ȻǸŮڣҲ֪ʲôֵǸ߸Ůˡ
˷ţɻʣôҵˣʲô¶𣿡Լ˼˵ĳЩ
СĿЩģǸڡСȥһ£㲻Ҫ⳥𣬸ɡ˵תߣ˼ͷҶѾ˷š
Ϊȥ·أǵ˺ð죬Ҳûд򿪣СˣȥţȻҵˣҶٴδ򿪷ţǹԡһ̣һƣɻʣôҵˣʲô¶𣿡Ѹղŵ¶Ҳˣһ¶޹
һ̣СһʮѪȵĳ嶯˶ιˣ
Ȼôǲ浱Ǻ۸Сȭͷǰɰֱ죬ҶѾʮֵĲơ
Ҷ˿֣ĵ˵йؽװɣҲУ˶ŵĽţ˼ǵ춯ƺԴʮֵĵ⣬ĵĿС΢Ц
Сûסһ˫ȻҶҶȴȻһˣͬʱ˷ţһ죬Ÿ˫װ׵СֶһСֶӥצơ
Ҷû˿ɳϣŽų̺ȾƣŮԼ˷ڵ˽˵òϣĹ򲻴ҪҶ֣ûκεʤ㣬ԣҪŸҶ֣СгĻԼܹܲԡȥɣҪһҪء˵꣬оһɳϣ
СҪҲСӵȷܶԸ˵ˣƾղһ㣬ͱ̫̫࣬Ȼ֣Ҳ޷˵ֺ˵̨ʾı£ȻǷǳ
㵽ôܸߣ˵СȥԼҵСΪѣ㲻ĻЩʲôأ
ҶĿҪǣܹõʲôʱģҲʱôװСûˣڻûг
СվǶһԲҶķŭβϵĻۣɽһıˣóǹ۵һҶԴԱߵɳϴһɱ˵վһ
ǹװǹŷŭӵɳ汻ըë׷ɣҶȴûбСУѾһվһֻĸĲһֻЩ岻ɱǹСֶӨĶ˵ӣҪô嶯ı֣ɲһϸıԱԱҪ̣ҪԵ侲Ǹըҩߣܰߵը顣Ƥܺãࣣ
ҶССɫļһڣļͬһỬֵĽϢǴӵķҷǶȹ۲Ůʵÿ˶кһ棬ֻǿûǿŷģէʮֵһ㣬㣬ǴǶȹ۲׽ͷʵûпŵôӲǳеԣϢ˾úС
103µѪӰ
ȥ·Ҿ͸ȥҶ֪ѾһУҪ飬Ѿ꣬ҲҪٸȥˣϾҲǸڶѣ磬ҪȥȥΪûʲô˼
СΪʲôͻȻı̬ȣԺһƬңǹ֮ļ䣬ǻجʣ벻С
ãȻ뿪˷䣬һ·Ҳûףڶȼٴ̳·֮СҴҵĸϻҶǸ䣬֮󿴵ڣʱһ
ҶһЦù·˵ôΪɽ͵͵뿪ôܣûõǸСѾͷ⳥֮ǰǲ뿪ģ˵ˣбҪ͵͵뿪һҪءԡС滻·
Сתͷȥһ̬߳˷䣬Ǹһ󶴵棬Ҷվڷڣ˸ŵ񾭲һ䡣
Ҷ·֮󣬾Աǰŵ⴦һ£Աַ֮ͺСˣҶ¥ķҲûʲôǳصĶ˵ҲЩ߰ĵط飬ӦòᷢĵطԣҲûбҪҶ¥¥ŷˡ
ȥķ䣬߷һǳţԱߵŽһԪǴֱӹȥҪ΢ԶһЩȼٴܴ󣬻ҲһʮӴĽȺ
ҶСĺ棬˻ţСͻȻһ¶ʹ˳ȥһ¶ȼٴ̳Щ·;Զ˳·Ҳ͸ȥˣûжʲô
ߵͣϣҶĶͻȻ䶯˶Ŀ⿴˲Զһ۳Сע⵽ЩĿ⣬ɻҲ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ۳һˣ˳ɨҶСһۣ߽˻ҶʶҶЦǸȦˣϽ죬Ρ
ǣ˲ҶעĿ꣬עŵ۳ĺ䣬˹ȥ˳βú棬ûжȻһƣӦֶһѺĵӣȻĲϣֵֻϣѪ죬ֵһˣɪɪֵֻ֣ȴ̩ɽ˿
СγǹȴͻȻ亮һһ飬ǰһڣίڵأûпô¶Ҷȴú϶Ѫˣ³һ룬̫죬Ҷָֻ罫䵯ƫ磬СһûбҪȻЩ棬ҲĲ֮˹ȥ
Ҷȷǻʣܿں־³һɲǣȻһȭ˵ͬʱڳβһߣȻб˳ȥ
ǰѵǷǱյǿ켫ҶôȵĶǸǰѵڼϸһȻҲľѣѾܾûôˣһ߻ֵͬʱҲʣǲԼѾǰ˲˲٣ԺͷӦҲأЩͺ¡
ҶεڵصͬʱΪ֧һԲ෭ӹԶͩ
ԼȻһ壬ؿڴһѪҰ׵ɫͻȻԭϬĿԽӳԾ𣬲ӥһҶѸͣƺˡ
ҶڿзͻȻֱһţȴһЩɣʲô˼ۿĵѾҶǰͻȻһ죬ͻȻѿһѵʯˮ𣬴˵ϣҶͬһƮɣܹ˵Ĺơ
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104ĳƫ
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СŮЦǸоЩͷƤ飬Ѫ«һĹʵ̫ˡ
ЦЩסˣ֪ǺãŮѾŵòᶯˣҶ䱸Ŀˣ뷢ţԽĹʱ˺ıѾ˹еžеǹ
ʱͻȻĳһһ£һͬһȷ磬ɲǼʧͣӰ٣
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Ҷ¥Ⱥ˳סʵû¶ɣҶһЦûСģȻҶ¥һƣ۵һ죬ؿھųһѤõѪ
Ҷֹһʲô֮¶Цı飬㵹Ҷ¥һѽסղҶŵǸȴֻһȺˣҲþ˭µ֣
ҶһĻͷȻһǰ綼ЩתǿſڣûеѾŵû겻ˣа˵ˣˣˡ
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ССѾͷıǸཱུСССıӰ¼ţܿʧϱߵС

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ͻȻҶˣſСһѣֹϣظôгƵأֻǲǸﻹǸСӣҪǸСһұˣүô˰˲ܱŮ˳ûÿʵ̫ˣ
ҰЩһƴҶϣվȥҶųѹʶﲻܵظǸȼٴʯͣϵİֳطûжֻΧ۵˾͸һЩ
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ҶҶ¥ЦĲվԼؿǸѪôûأЩ˼飬ѵ˵ҲǿĻָɣ¶ǰûй
Сӽһ˵Ѿ೤ƫˣɲûҪǿô˵װˡҽȥ˰ɣˣͷûȡأ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ãȻûǾû¶ˣСǿģӲͷԼȡ˵ŻĿ֮£ͷֳſǸѪ˳ָ˽ȥ˵ļ;Уһֶӵʱ䣬ͳһͷѪָܵ⡣
ѾͷŻЩθɫףҶȴȻݵЦ˵ҲǸ׽ĵͷأӷˣͷ򸱰׽ͷ˿ڴһЩͷƤĴùҩޣɿĲһֺǸ˿ڡ
д𣿡Ҷ֣ͻȻǸھ״̬ҽҽʶӿڴó˴Ҷùȥ˿ڴ˼Ŵ˵ˣɢ˰ɣıҺÿˣôңһܺߵġ˵꣬һЩθĶ
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105ʮֱ
٣Ѿ̫ϷڴѵǣԽԽǾôпͷͷЩŲӵĺĺͰ֮ģڵѪҺŪùֻ̹̣ȴһ̣ȭĿʼ
ҶβǵһϳĶǺȻͬһˮƽϣһ֣òٵҶһư˸ˣϷ
˵һ֮᱾ȭھˣҶԪԣҶǺҰҲһսģȴͻȻˣʲô¶Ҷ˸ֳɣöǸϹè˵ôִַӳԣ
ҲһСΪҰֵĻʤʵϣҪûб£ҲԪǰǳһΡ㣬ĳ˱ףףҲҪǮģûʱװ
Ҷ˿ԪԣͷƤ˵ˣ˵⻰ʱѾԪԶ˺ܾãö˶Ѿޱڴһսľʣû뵽˾Ȼ˵ôһ䲻ҪĻѺ˶ˣЪˣ
Ҷת̨ȥԪȴͻȻϣҲҪ䣬ֻҪ˵䣬ϢĵҶһƮƮȥ
ҶȴͻȻһմһȭԪԵ屾գǰͻȻһɺܴǣһᣬѾ̨ĿУһȻһȻһĶƤ۵һˣʱҶͻȻһĨЦݣԪսɿĴˣȭһǿĿУԪವһӣͱ÷ɳ̨Զ
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Ԫ֪Լƭˣ쵰ͲҪ䣬Ѿ͸Ȧƾ㼿Ҫʵ̫СԪԣ
ԪԵȻתͣ˿УȻԾٲȻһ̨ϵҶҶվ̨ģһֵ˫ǰһƣɽˣԪԾҪ̨߼ʵײವһӣԸѸٶȵ˻ȥײǽڣ˳ȥ
ͬʱһߵĹǣԿ紵ͷͣ۾֮ͣⲿ˲ע⵽е˶ڿԼתͷȥ㿴ǸεĴ󶴡
ͻȻһӰԪԣĿ⸴ӵĿһҶʧǸڵһߣȻ̶С
ҶǸԶȥӰ̾˿¶Цݣ˻˻֣˱ȭڵ̨
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Ҷһ£򿪳˽ȥʲʲ˵ĸоܰǺаȫУ˵⳵õװ׸ְ壬ǲ֪Ȥζĵһ£˳ŷĺͷеѪڵ˼
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ҶͻȻԪ뿪ʱǸ˵ЩⲻȥҺʮֱɵӣҵĽأҵĶ䡣˴̾˿µϳͣһתʩʩȻŵʻӭ׹бȥ
106ССѾͷ
ҶŰµϣǰʻҪתʱͻȻһССӰԶŴĹߵǸʯϣΪԼˣֿһۣȴľڵסߣɿĵ˻ȥٶȣſУһŰ׵׺ݮӡСС̿۵СѾͷСݣһۺССֶһۺëߵСëȣʯıϣС߶߶
⣬⣬ѼңϷ
ӹŮŮСֶգҲҪȥ
࣬ȼ죬ʮ
ʮǹճʮģɨӣ
ʮ壬ʮȥ⣻
ʮߣ׹ʮˣ淢
ʮţͷʮϰһޣ
һߡ
ССѾͷ˵˵ţžĵ˽ӣᣬͻȻıסǸͷһһʵģСë׵ҶһĻͷһӣʹ
Ҷ֪׹ϵͯҥССѾͷĿռŶôҪλãĿУ׶źҪ壬ͯʱһμ䣬ǰ߽
µϣͣ·ԣҶеСǱ˹ȥ¾ǸССѾͷ㣬ڿ޵ģľſܻޡ
ҶûߵǸССѾͷĽǰƺѾ߹Ȼһ̧ͷŴаͻȻСһĹâ˵ĿСַŭССҰޣȻСʮ㣡
Ҷͣס˽ŲССѾͷĿŪӵʹ뵽Լֵͯ꣬ʱֵܶ࣬ʱ࣬Ҳ۹ֻΪ˺̣Լһֶıܣ˵ıԡǸʵƳģ
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ǣǸССѾͷȴ׺ݷŭĿСվһԲĳβǱ˹ȥҶббСӰŵ඼ˣһѾ˹ȥǸССӰܲ˵Ĵʱһѽס
ҶûиоסһС˶ôǿҵҸкͳɾ͸У¶΢ЦСã粻ǡͻȻԼһ΢΢ЩʹʹѾԼһЩȻŮӵһεʱǲҲʹأߣ⻹ҪһЩʹϼ֣
ʹһ΢΢ʹĻôһ½һ΢ʹһ±һʹʹôһָоأ
ҶĿССѾͷһССǺܳĵӣ۵ţһһ£Ѫδα
ҶЩ֪룬һССʹһĿɰСŮһ߿һõԼķԼȻ޷̫ˣ̫ɱˣģ˵˰
ҶоԼĶѾһţһѵͱϼʮ࣬ǰѵСȴ㹻ĻҲһɵ飬οͱĵӣֻ΢ѰˮխһЩЩˡ
̾һҶ㶵ĿڲͣĿޣͣõͱСŮͷѾ˵嵽ʲôһζûлȥЩˣΪʶѾʼˮȥ

Ҷ۾ֿѩ׵ݶǽڣǶƮˮζҽԺסҽԺźǣûпĵ۹⣬Ũľֻư档
ҹŴ磬Ŵ꣬ҶЩļºѩͻȻоԼָһ˫СֶţлֱϣᵽһϤ㣬ŵºѩϢ
Ҷ˶ԴǣȫΪʹɣϸô൶뵽ЩɻԼôûأѵ᳤ƫ⣬ҲԳƫµǵԼôĹܹѶýղˮ֡
֪ԼûҲûΣſڴСϵºѩҶůڵģáͻȻ¶ҶЩǷǳҲףڵûǸŵŮʱķ룬ΪԺۣǲܰװܵģӦ˱üǿǿ¸ң
Ҷĵװģնδձؽ̤۷壬Ǹ˸磬һҲһеζ
107ů
Ҷŵֻ֣İºѩҵͷ£ſŮۣѹ־ֱЩ΢ŹֵĸоˮᣬϧĿ˵СôǸ磬СѾͷϧͳ谮ûʲôԹ֮ġ
磬ºѩܵ˺Ѿˣ˺ҶС˶˼£૵ĽһϡϹ㡣ûûûµġֳ£˯˹ȥ
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ΪԼ̫ˣòģиоȷʵʹͳ˵һҪ⣬Ѿˡ
֣ҶúܸˣͬʱҲЩɣԼǻ˶أѵһʱ˿ԱߣͷϷһֻֻһڣ֮˿ڻûйһҹأû˵Ȭˣ˵һ⣬ָѾǿǰڸ첲ȺƤںҲҪȻƾССѾͷô൶ûпܵ顣
ҶһͬʱЩҺ͸ˣԼţԼԺܻøǿһЩŪļʱøӵãˣǼ¶
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ҶЦŽڴߣѹϣС˵ûˣϹǸˣѾˣţϹ˯òã
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ҶһЦС˵û¶ˣɩӸ˯ţӣѾҹˣԷ𣿡֪Сʮа˾ûء
ҡͷɩҲûأ岻Ҫ̫ҾȥЩˣ˵ܱ¡磬û¶˵ĿͦúĻ˵Щͱ˻ȥ
ҶЦ˵û¶һ򶼲һˣֲǲ֪ôҶû˿ڶˣҹѾɹˡѩѩѩѩȵ㼦ɣǾͳԺˣ˭ֵҰʱŹºѩͻȻ뵽Ҫ⡣
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ţɩӣͶһȵɣȥԺ磬ҲʶֻǵúܺÿǸͷˣҰ㣡һԵĹóһСƤ䣬ݸҶ
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ĳλ϶ˣҶ⼸һƨƨߵĴɡҳλ֮ͣҶɡǣŻЩºѩСֶ˳ʱֱ۾ǴûпôƯŮоƱƶȲңСҲ̫˧ˣֱ˧
ɡӳĺȴ׵һѣΣô벻ͨһĶŽļһôһԶŮһأǲ˼顣
ҲоĲأЩƣЩͷѾ˺·ǲ֪Ϊʲôǿ˰ģǴôҲֱȳ˻˵ˣ˵ˣǽʣûֻʡ
Ҷɨһۿ˵͵ı˵ӣڴǮʡʡɣǧģû¶ϴʲôСѣòãƵطӣ֪þʣǮˣҲûбҪô˾͸ղǼǮϣ̺òãЩۿ˵͵ĶﰡҲһɣˣһԶٻůů͡
ҶǰӱڣºѩСˣ˳ЩҲֻˣûдɵ˵ıڣһ߽˻ǡ
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ֶȻһЩϣҲֻķָһЩռ䣬˴˵˵ֻҪǾԶܵͣͶһҹˣҲĿŵˡ
ҶºѩĳϣһǾһ·˶¥Ҳûиı־棬ҵƣö˶ȥ͵ۻߴ󵨵Ĺۿ
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ǣôһЩˣǲ֪˺̫ԼУΪϵŮӦǣǣսͱɱķˡ
С㣬ã뵱𣿡
ºѩڸʢԧһͻȻһһһ㶼ϣ̧ۿ˿վһЦԼһӵˣ˵еҽûУûн͡
˵ĺֳˣЩʹ֣һС˭˵أ
Ļ䣬͸˶ס˲˽ﰴǽϣĴˣȭʣµҲû⣬ºѩıҲŪǽһʹ⣬òᶯˣŰǴ򿪴˳ȥ
ʵͿһĻǾ˻ñ⵵¶ԾͶ˼Ĭȫɶûֱ˱ȥ֮󣬾ȥҽԺͬʱ˾
֪ǳĵùˤģȻûǶ˻״̬Աһ⼸ʲô֤ûУҲӦòǱˣҲù飬߸ڻ̵СôͲ֮
ҶǸûй飬óԳԣúȺȣ¶ɶˣС˶ˣҲÿ¶ص֮Ҳԣоͦûвˬ
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ͽˣҶºѩѾãؼҺúõĹһܰҹ˵ĹϵѾֵزٽһ˳µ飬˴˶˼׼
ؼҵ;Уºѩһ绰˵֮󣬾εĿЦ˵绰Ϲиѡ񡣡ϡգΪ塣ã͡ͲˣǡǸղš˿ˡ͡ҹȥԡˣҲҲһȥӣҲҲһȥɣöŮŮأҲڡ仰ص㣬۾ɰĿǴЦ
ڵһӾͺˣЩҵĽ֣ګګ˵ǲҪˣɩӣȥʵǲȺ˵һǲȥǸˣʵķǳȥȥʣڵڻһղĸо
ҶҲЦˣͬСֵ˵īүǶȻ˧ǿͣиԣһȥʰʰɩӸѰѹأͷͣŪ·ŪֱҾͲˣƾӣ͒һ˧磿
ºѩֱЦͷ˵ûֻҪǡǺúÒӾ׼ܳɡУ롣ҲҲһ˧簡СЦͣ͸Ӳ˼ˣһߴСö
һСʱԺºѩҶĻӦˣԭĵھʦһһͷ֮󣬲СУһһ͡
ڵļ˹еĹŨüᴽֱͦȻ۾ЩСʦĹĵķͣһֲаĸоͳˣ˧ˣֻҪ¶ֺɵЦҶһׯغͻЦĻ
ɫװͳϴһɫʮֵ׹һֻһͬɫԴĶžеԼ־㤵ĸоԼסˣ
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ҶθˣаҪ⵽˻Ů˰һºѩıҲЩŹ֣ЦݻȻİͬѧֽϵʦãǸǸĻ
һ˼ôҪգʱЩˣҶȴû˵ðð֮ǰ˵Ҫտԣεķáָ˸ǮĶ
ϰһۣܱĵ˵Ǹ̨Сѩôôһŵأǵģ˵ҪշҲѸλСͣͷ͸أСֵܣԺÿһΣҸѷֻҪҵƾˣҸ˵ƾʱһǶ´ࡣˣȤȦչʶöأһץס֣Ū˸飬ĶҪһˡ
ҶȻϵǻЩܲˣǶִˣǺصģңҲ֪˲ڴţ˼ʹϵȦţ棬һĹʵ
ºѩЦòУ۾һת˵ϴʦҿ¶ðҡСܡϵϵ˵ɡкôİ˵ˣ˴ʦġİæûвɵ¶㿴õġˣĸķϰ־͡עе˱ضϣ˵꿴һҶҲûзԣֻ΢Цͷͷģ֪Լ뷨ûˣΪãҪȦչǶߣҲͨİǿˣ
ϲ֪ºѩôˣû⣬Щ˵˵˺áϲάĳɾͱͺͷ˲棬һЦ˵Сѩǻ˵ѹ˭˵ءСֵܣҸ˵ǰʲôĲҪʲôݲҪʲôʲôҪֻҪΪǣʦ³ɣݼҲ˳̫Ķ⣬жô;ģСֵܣʦ㣬ΪĿӳݵӵԼıΧתźҪĳ𣿴ʦ㣬ֻҪ룬ͿԣԿԣ
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һ˵Ѿ۵һӵĺͳֽĲţѺûˣȴҶĺˣģʵ̫ĥ񾭣ĥ˵ˣ
֣˦ֲ˼˼ҿɶΪأĿҶºѩҶζ磬ҲŶóʲôʲôӴʦƭӣ˵ˣһСӣиƨɱ˼ƭİֲǴ
Ҷ֪ò⣬ֻȽӳˣϰ˲ʱ򣬾ͻһ죬ãҶҲòͷ
ܺãӣҪǰ˵ܵǣһƾͳȥǿʦܳǡϴʦֵܾͰˣʾǣĶʦͲ˵ˣдǵʱһֺ·дȥˮ֮ӿȪ౨Ҳǵݸ壡Ҷ˵ⷬȻ˰ҵһõķչ;ģûɲúõĶԴ飬̺·
ͷǼζ벻ԼܵǣȻʲôǣѾԼԻ貵죬мĶ԰˵һģһġ
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ҿǵһңҪȻ龰һųɣЩϤϵˣ˭벻ôүǶһ档
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ϳҲʲô̫ọ̃иԣǴűɺϵŮʿ̵̣һ㶼ˣҲйʣʣҶʱУʱûУؼҪҪûС
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Ҹ˹ºѩ˹ҶͷԹͺƳˮһӿԼʳûһԵԸһʱ䣬һֱˣʲôԵĶŻ
ͣվȥüͷһǸȥıӰ۵һĨᷳջĿ⣬ҶζĿ⿴ԼЦʲô˼Ŀ⿴ң
ȱҲŲûпյλˣʾͺһۣЩ˼ĴߵԱߵɳ£ĬĬĳŶ
ȱһھƣһˮ޷̵˵ͬ־ҿֳ˰ɣǸõļƣЩ񰡣̧ۿܣûŮ浹иŮȴģûÿЩơ
115°ҹ֮
Ҷ֪ԼǶʲôУһǶŮ˵ϲŮˣϲǮŮˣϲ˦ŮˣǺܽĻһǴˣƫƫҶĸǶÿÿ𣬶ЩƺͻɣôΪǶء
ذ˳ˣҪֳô죿ҶǣЩ档
֪ԼǶǸڸϱȽˣһʧķ򣬵˵ӦǺһŮˣǱұ֮ĶģŮˣҲȢؼҵţҲǴպϣ˾¶ҲǵһθɣҾǸʲôأ
ЦЩįҶ֪Щ£ûټ⣬ܿͻˣɫЩÿֻǿһۣȴһĵĻҲû˵ɫԽѿ뵽ղǷڣͷԹޣҰһ賤
ºѩûкøУ˵ֿ˳ԷŮһȱøУԣƽ˺ܺƵȴҲֻûѿɫҶͻȱҲù¶ȻǰͰ͵ϵŮˣ֪һ죬һжܣҪǸֵŮˣ鷢𣿻ҲУŮˣԲ⸱
úܲ͸Ͷ˵岻Ȼȥˡĺ˵ĵĻȴֻǵĵ˵ͷûпһۡ
ң־ԼӸƵģһ˲䣬ɱˣǣȱ˵ıͨˣܹǵģۼˡ
վǿЦŴк˶ĵ˵ͷ͵ͷ뿪ú˶ЦԼ߳ƵʱĶˡ
·Դһ˾װĺһڿˮʵȥУִŮһˣ룬ҲǮ˵Ůˡ
Ĭһ˵ȥѧ·ºͬļңǴٺãҲǸͨ˼ҵŮûгûзֻ¹·Ǹ˵ı棬ʵʲôǣҲʲôûУʧȥģȴ̫̫࣬
˾Щ죬һ˲䣬ŮݾʹĿеĸ߸ϣ˵͵£뵽һֿܣ߲ʵŮʵһ˭Ǯ͸˭˯С㣬˭֪ƵкܶŮˣңҲƯᣬеĻǴѧҪ濴Ϊôأʵأ˾ɷļ
û˻ȥ𾴵ģԶò˵һȻСȡöˣǵУ͵ҪеˣСﰵﶼǮĶ˶ˣ
Ҫô˵˵ӸǸܰ޳ܵĴأǹˣӸԴӹʹûиıԽԽҡ
˾ų뿪˼Ƶ꣬ŵƻԻ͵ĽŴ·߽Ǳ߿ȥȥºͬ·ߣǱߵ·ҲЩƫƧǱܳ¶ΰ״ǡ
һֵֺĶͬһŲͬĿͻõȻͬĽ
ղ˾𾴣ǲͣͨӾ۾ѾЩҰޣеŮ˷Ƿ֮룡
˾ͻȻԼϿڳ⳵˾һЩ޹£˻þúСڹڲͣĳۣȴûʶ˼ҶĿ׳İ۶
ܲ˾˵㿴ʲôûŮ˰вͣͲãڵ͸ӵˡ
˾ȴһ̱ĻĳЩһֱǱŵĶ˳һ̣·Եһͷվץ˾ͷݺݵ
˾ֻһȭʹСϣʱίλϣʹıŶӲҺ
⳵ֵͣİʮֵƫƧ˾˳˺ţȥ֮صıײһ£ǾҵʹһӾͶ˵ϣǣţ
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˼ƵһĵƹͻȻһƹڴһŴľŴ򿪣һܶܶɫʵľ´󵰸ϲźܶС򣬻ƽ˴
ŵ˶վ߹ƣ֮ںգһӣַƵĸ첲ĿǸ󵰸⣬Ǹ˶˵΢Ц
ַƵĿȴûпҲûпŵ⣬ǿžվǸҶˣҪºѩ촽۵̰аĹâһš
ַûע⵽ºѩԵҶĿ⣬ɭɲǳɱĿ⣬ҶַԵӹһĨЦԼյĴñӾͲˣȻҵԼŮˣǻšˣҪǲŪŪˣô˵ȥˣ
ҶͱһԱߵǣǸַʲô˲ǸرţˣʶЩ˱
˵ͷСҲ󣬿˭ˣʡĸֺ飬Ұֵ࣬˵ˣСһţȺģȦûм˿ģģʵϱزˣҲǸԸΪԼ񵽱أʵĻɫҲǰӵֻɫʲô
ͻȻֺٺһЦȻ˵ˣһֱ߿۹ʮᣬҪԲԣСģͺݾĸɣҸҪǲһôߣ
Ҷһۣ˵үȻеһ֣˼ʡ˰ûʲôӲʵˣҿɲƿȥ
ô˵أҰֺôʡίĳίأбȨֻǸְǳί𿴺ְͲһʵϲԶء٩٩̸һ˵Щ
Ҷû˵ֻ΢ЦʵͷûַƷ˵ЩгˣܣȻǸСӻ˲Ūɲ
ңҶҶ¥ҶҪѵĻЩ˻ٶæ˵ˣûЩһºѩδ֪Ҳ㹻ˡ
ҶоԼúƣҪʹһ£Щ˳ַյԼҲͲ˼ˣ
Ƶ˺ʵλϣַƵͬ£֮˵⣬ָ˳ԡ
˵ҵӦó棬ûһļˣҶЩɻ󣬺ºѩһ鵰⡣
ƻֻԻῪʼˣչأСǺַ˵һ˵˺ܲӮ˲ٵַƺǵ⡣
һ֮ϲ˶ˣе裬Ķ࣬һַߵºѩǰֱС㣬һ֧𣿡
ºѩҡͷûпСֶҶСһİߡ
ַƾЩҲסԼǸڣСǸƨֵС椶˵ĿذҪһûʲôСӣҸ˦ӡ
С㣬ôˣûС
СأǼҶС㣡
ַƵĻû˵꣬ºѩͻȻһֿڣ仰ܴ󣬶ҷǳһ㶼ͣͲǷǳĴһɤ˶˶׷ײĿ߿
ַƵڵһӾͺ͸ˣ벻Ȼô裬ŭСˣ˭أ⻰һڣЩڣԵ̫ûˡ
Ҳڶ೤ʱ䣬žһһĴ;ͳϣԴ˵һӣǰʱСǣ
һƬžֶӶַ࣬ҡһ壬ҡһԴķ֣Ȼûп˭Լ⡣
ܺԼͣٿڳѷҾʹҶмĿֽ˲֣һԷԱԱ̣Ͻ֮زز
Ҳ˹˸ָмŮ˹վַƵڵĿҶվվҶЩһǣʱˣǲһ
ܺãܺã˾šַҲԼǸİӡͳֻҶžָһ⣬ֻ˲˵һˡ
117
Ҷεַƣ˵㶯Ͷһ˿һһмһˡ
⻰˵̫װˣܶ⻰Щ˵ĳ嶯ЩرЦо⻰˵ĺţ棬̫ˡ
ʱ˹˵Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣﲻĻ·ҪﲻҰĵطʱѾ˲Ůˣ˲Լѵѡ
ҰĵطѵϷŮѣѵĵطˣѾͲˣŮǸ۸ġĻֻ֣Ҷ⻰һ˵ڣĿɿڴóϷ˵ңүǶ
ҶºѩСֶ˵ȻɶǣǸˣ뷸Լ飬Ҫű˸һ̶ֳȵ㣬ѾȥˡַǲǣԼЩΪ۸Ůӣҽ̸ǿŮλɵСѵķϣĹ㣬㲻֪ĻҿԸ㣬ҲǸ˵ЩŮļ˺ѣӻιţԿһȥ
ҶһŽַ߷ɳȥԶײǽ˹ȥºѩСֶҲûɫְֺʮѿݵ֮߳·˶·ǺͻʻȱҲһˡ
겻֪ʲôʱѾͣˣҲ¶Цˮ¹Ŵأûһ˿һķ磬΢ҹˬлɢеϢ
ǰҶ̾˿˵ڲЩףΪʲôѩôϲһòϣǸүǶЩһ¶צҷǿˡ
ߵоϷգĵ˵ǲ綦ӢۣҲģ˭Ҫ۸㣬Ҿ͸Ҹ
͡

ĻȱǶЦˣʵʱ͸ˣһϹ˵ʲôأû˵㡣ᣡʵͷо˿˿ģһȻûҶӢۣղ˵Ļš
ϴΪһᶼûأӢۣ֪ҲǸүǶˣСһˣ
ǵֻͻȻΪĸС꾫أȥӣһ˵ڶ飬ֻҪӣȴεֻûˣ
Ƶİֻӻ˿ڴǰȵ˵˭ĳôţ棬ͺհҼǵ⳵ǽֻɣ⳵ơǴ侩ӰѵĸģǣղҲûע⵽
ں˼룬ȴˣĸºѩ˸ºѩ˵ͷҶóԿװһ£ǰİµӦʮֵĳԾʲôʱŪһµϣŮôôţųأҲ
ѩ廹ûкãҲЩˣȻȥˣλټˡӣҪͬѧɣҲԿףȥסڶݺˡ
Ҷ˵꣬ͳ˻˻֣ºѩ˰µϣµǰţں뿪˼Ƶꡣ
ǿԶȥĳӣӣСʲôʱĳڿŻʷأͻȻһһֺˣһ˵ǽʱ򣬾ͿųˣҲ֪
ȱ̾һ˵үҲ˽ⰡСãλѵı湻ţˣôû˵·ͺշɵĳӣǱ뺷ıڶ飬ɲʲô˶еĴ
ҲЩɻҡҡͷ˵ֻ֪ѩļҾû뵽ôãѾǽκһ˰ɡһһֱڶЩգɵСӣͲ֪עһ
ʵһۣһڿˮʶԼЩʧ̬Ųߣͷĥһôء
ǵǲһЩֻǱĶˣҪ˵ļͥǿǰ϶¶дСҵţϱҲҪٷܶüӰȱǸп˵̫ǺҶĹϵ˵Ҳû̫ܻʲô
ȻҲû˵ʲôܻ䡣ЩĽҶЩ£
118
˵СӣɫѣҽѾ˻ҪȻСءͬ־һȥľ氡С椶ģ߰ɣܳʱûо۾ˣ˵иۻᣬŮࡣӣ͸λŮʿؼҰɣ·Ҳ˳ȵʲôġ߰ɣ
ǲɷ˵űҲҪȥĻȱı۳ɫıԽҰһƯ˦βͣɿĻ˽Ŵ·ãã棬һգ۵ĹûӰˡ
ʿɵ͵͵Լֲһۣȹ˵ʲôûŮٿͰ۾ڳݶȡһӣһµӣ̲סСЦ
ʵǸȥĶһ㾭鶼ûУЩֹ
˵·ȥʲôطؼ¡˵ŻԼСó˳ԿףɨһۣԱȥ
Щεվе㲻֪룬֪ôģЩ»ʡŮߵԼĳԣ˳ţͷûˣͳվɵСɵһɵӣ;ֺֺЦǣĲᡣ
Ѿоͷˣһʽ̾;ɶ߽˴죬ƨƨߵ˹ôСӣòĳʣһɪŪûˡ
ЦòУ˱Сܣܹ˸ϣɫСܳƵ˽Ŵ·򽭱ʻȥ
ϣоЩĿռ̫СˣоЩŤŤƨɣʵǸʰȥĶ
ʲôʣн㣡ʰһۣܺãųѤõҹ˵
Ǹɶ㰡ȥĶҪǾǸ˵ģȥһٿȰɣûȹҶ˵ôһ죬Щǳӡ
ɵд·ȥȿȵʽĴţȥͻ߲μỹСȻؼһˣ·˵ĶأٿڵӡװͰ͵ֵһۣһ㶼ᣬϲڵŴ۾С
ǣǺáһȥң˺ĸѽ͸СĻʺݺݵšһ£۵ᶼҪˣϹˡ
ٸҺ˵ҾͰͷϡҰ趼ڼңֻҺ͸ڼסпҵҪ͸ƿƺһ̾ͳˣþƣϲ̡ȻߵòУҲĪĸоģ˵֮ǰ˰оĻڿ۵ɺ˼ϲ
֮ģ˽ֻܹ֮ʺɫҸÿİ£˭ַǵѿأ
ɵͷķӦȴ˻ʻ͸ŵǱ˼Ǿ˵ųǸ뷨пϲѣҪǳռ䲻Ļһ˵ֱĸߡ
¶һڰЦ˵УöҲǮأǾõǶϲʲôƣʲô̰ŻʵͷڵģСֶܻһӵĻɣҪһڣ
ʼһɫԣšһ£Ů˵ƣСè̡ͻȻֹصһЦ˵һһ·Ҳȥľü˵Ц۾Цɰ¡
üǣһɻ󣬻ûлشͻȻĪĳĬ
ʮӺ󣬱СڴϹһһСֵľͷһȺɫͽɫصţǻļң
ڻʰ֮Ȼ򿪣ԺȻǵƻԻͣһ㶼ڣܶڲݴԺ·ԵĵƶţһְͲįĸо
Сˮ·һǰ棬ͣ£һԡµŮӲСЬӱ߳˰ɫԡ°ڣȺźɫС㡣
ǡÿ˵һĻɵˣֻ۾Ŵͣһĭݺݵšһ£߷ߵ˵㣬裡ô裡ЩģͬʱҲ޽Ժ֮⣬糤úᣬĸŮվһһ
翴˳ﻹһˣһ죬ϽȻ˷䣬ȵʺ߽ʱѾһҾӵ·ɢţ΢΢ĲˣݰףôʵʵǸ˶
119
ԼҪˣеһľʹһָۣǴʱ˿̣ҪģԲָֻóѡ
˾ֵĻᣬСʹø߸ЬݺݵǼЬܿͽ˾ߵİﲻˡ
ľͷȥˣЩ£͸ϽЬӣŽŶӣ·񱼣Ҳ֪˶ãڻص˽ߵ·ϣԶƻԻ͵ĽֵȻ·Եϣ˫֮оʪģһоЩԣͷһŵþһԭѩ׵ϣʺѪ
ʱŸоԼС۵ģﻹѪȺʪģǱǸ˼۷壬һͿʱĸоֻǣûʹֻǾ
Լİóֻǵĵ绰ǶԷûнӣٴѾػˣҵһЦҧһ촽Ѫ֣ˣǻûдͨ;ǰһģžһڡεˡ

֣ӽߵ߳ĸ˵ϿտյģղſùĵѾǸʬĿ档
磬ֵ̡ǰһɽӹȥĬĬĳţڣߵ˵¶˭֪ס𣿡
磬¶ǵģƾɶԼ¶˵ˣҲñ֪ģ鲻ϡԱߵ˵
û˵ֻ̣ǰѾԿ·ĵƹ⣬Ҫ߳ˣŵԶһĬԣȴͻȻ˵磬¶ȥɣмпڵģңһˣʲô¶˵죬ǻܴЩóԵңҪǻ棬ֻܸ͵ͷˣǺǡȻЦ˵ģʵȴǳ档
˶ͷ˿ͷȺģʲôֵܣʲôǶ鲻㣬ͦģǲֵܣĸǶء
еĵλСѾ춨ˣĸ˶ǷСھӣСһ浽һֱ˵磬ǰںһ
ѧˣΪɼһԿϴѧһһƴѧû뵽ȻǵͬǸĺ꾫ҪǸŮˣôأһ򶼰ɺˣɴɩ𾴣Ǹļˣ
ÿһ뵽ǸŮˣǰԶ˾ȥǸŮ˵ᣬҪǣ¶ˣңڣ
عͷȥɵ˵ûأһ¶Ǽǵչ˺Ұˣ֪¶˵䣬ĸѾ֣߳·ԵĲݵϡ
磬㿴иŮģҲáҿôһѪͻȻָŲԶһ˵Ҳˣĸ˶˹ȥȻǸղŸɱ˸һˣǸƵģǾǻˡ
ߵŮ˵Ľǰĸ˶סˣǰģô˲źأŭҪߣȴû
ԶҲĿСһ𳤴СɩӣѾԸ⿴ļˣҲŮһһһ
Լֺ۵԰ֽʺѪճϣĴۣǵʺѪ۾һѷ죬ѷ죬еǵѷһ
ȭͷ߬ɿɫһǵ˵ķϣ;һΰɡ̾˿ͳԼֻˣļȵ绰
֮ҽԺļȳ͵ˣĸˣХȥ

һܳܳΣεԼˣȻֻˣص˹ȥʱǸСŮǸСк֣һڿʻԭҰϱܣЦƮżƵƮ
ǣȴͻȻĳˣһǹˣŻˣԼ˹
˹۾ѩ׵ݶǽڣһԵĴ̨ԣվһϤӰȻԶ˵Ӱ㣬һֱŬ
ǸȵȻᵫѾЩ͵ıӰͷ˵ʲôζ֮ǾǸˣ޷˵ΪڲʲôˣԭһУҲûȥõԭ£
120
ɫҹҲ˶
Ҷһ߿ųããﴩУһ߿ߵºѩ¹͸ϣǺȹ˾ƵԵʣѩ׵͸΢΢κ죬ϸļ¹·Ķ˹ųҹһ˲գ̵ĽëĶСӣ˶
ƺǾ쵽עӣŮ΢΢κԽԽ죬۾ҲգĺҲЩ٣Ļعͷɬ۵ĿһЦǷСһڡ
ǰѾǽŵľͷͻȻѽľס˰µϣȥ·һºѩҶһ㷢
Ҷİµ˸ɲе·ȴ뺷ĺֱײײſȥԶʹĽͨҡ
Ǽ˶ɵˣ벻ȻĺǵĴڣҹȻϮ
ԱǶ˳ͳǹ·ͣϵһ³óǹһţȵİµϾ˺üǹѳƺ;ˣǸʡΪţȵľԱѾˡ
ͽţԱ̡ܾ
µϺ棬ͺ˳ݵǸ˵ľ٣ӶԷľ棬ߵ˶Էǰ˶Էӣžž⣬ȻץŶԷͷ˵ȥӣԺӷʲôˣǵģУǸСĵһΣȥˮȥɡ˵ִ꣬һ⣬Ŵҡڵ˳
µϣ·Ŀ·ͺյı¼·ЩʱڵľԱڶˣ˶ڿǸñѪ˾ͷ²ŸղЩ˾ʲôͷȻ˵Ű裬һ
ܿͳˣָֻͨǸղһĻ˵龰ѾʮѸٵĴЩ˻ƵŵϣȴվεȻԶļ򵥡

ľСưȱÿԶһƯŮȱߵǸŮźɫȹȶߵŮŰɫĶȹͣʮֵ崿ˣŮʮӣǽѧԺѧ
ȻǷżڼ䣬ǸԺУﶼ൱һֵѧû뿪ѧУסѧУеæѧϰеæʵеΪĵĿ飬Ҵ̼Ѱġ
ŮϿǺߣʵϣʵ࣡
ôǮ˼ŮǺŮŮȱǶܶܶ࣬ߣ˲֪ٸһʼʱҲǾò˼飬Щź͸пģǺˣҲͽľ
ֻͻȻǱӵģǶԷʮִֵţЩջ֪ղžͲˣ淳ˡ
ǽ˵绰ֻ֮˵䣬ɫ䣬һѽǸڷŮƵһߣɿһǮӵһԵĲݵϣųﳤȥ
121
ʡߴʮİ칫¥ҹһĵƻԻ͡
ʮŲ㸱칫棬ֺ鿴ԼǸ׵ŭѣ
ô¶ô˹ȥôŪûͷһ٣ôôﰡֺĸʮֵջоԼ۾Ϲģôôһλء
ԼҲʮֵƣŻŵ˵壬Ҳ밡ǶԷǹأǼƣʮֵĲ򵥣壬غߵϣҸĻλ˾Զɫã͸Ͻ졣
ֺŭ˵ҹ˭ֲʲôЩǮˣŵֵزֱ޷ˣȥҽԺɣԼƽǸϴһĿ
ſҪ˵Щʲôǿű۾ѡ˳Ĭ뿪˰칫ңȥҽԺ·ϣһֱ룬оǲԣЩ˾ԲǺǵģһеĻ»úܿ¡
ҲԼ屾ǸڵĳĺãȰģҲֻǿˡ
̾˿ԭΪԼǶôţǽһԼʵʲôǣȻʡ򣬾ԺҪ͵ˣС¶ǲˣأ۸۸Сϰգˣδܸö
һߣֺʹһͨ绰뿪˰칫¥ͬһȺ侯ؾǰַ
Щ֮ҽԺͣϣԼִԱߵıԽҰо죬˿⳵ĳƣȷʵʶǻȱĳ
ȱͬѧ˵Ĺϵһֱܺãǰ˭˭Լͻʡʮֵ־ȱǶ־ΪȻʵҲףǸ׵ͬѧУԶݺλˣʵʲôǣ
ҲǶһޣλȱԼλϣɳﵱСأԼҪлȱļһӵĳɫ
䲻мĿһԽҰٿԼִĲܣģţʲôݣһͷ߽ҽԺһ·ϣ˶ֵ۹⿴Ȼδ
ҽԺĴĸ˲عͷȥʱ򣬷ѾţǱӰЩӡĸСӣ϶
ģһֱ߽Լλѵİ칫ңҲû

ڲ֮ϣ꣬ͻȻڴҵʷ˵һ仰·ڣѡһ·ʱѾ׸ı䡣ûӷһĸ飬ٵʵĽȥ׷νʱһоѾĿȫǣûлͷ·ˡ
Ӣͦ˶ıӰ۵ʱ⣬ʱûϧҲûĸ룬õˣѾǺҵˣûʲôȱ㣬ֻûǮˡ
뵽ԼЩŮĻߵ˽һĸоԼ̫ɵ̫ɵˣ뿿ȥȡƸȥȡҸĻ뵱ʲôŹ󸾣һô֪ɵ뷨ǮĶ˴ӲϧֻΪܹǮ԰쵽飬ʲô¶˵ǮˣǸȱͼֵ಻ݳ޵ˣ
Щǰڶˣϧ̫ˡ̾һĨˮҪȴоʹüͷ¶пܣµӣǸ˾һȭˣЩѪһСʧҲȥһ
ЦĻţǲղ˸ɾءתĮԼǿЦЦллˡ̣ȻȵҡסԺҲ͵İɣһͷǮ㣬¶ȥæɡЩ޷Įı飬ͷܣȻã
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷҪ뿪ͻȻˣһݸߵ˽˵Ŀһ;Ƕʶ˴ˣȻ֪Է˭
ǹŹֵĿһۣ߽˲ҲƵһۣ߳˲棬ǰԶΧҪ˵Ͱ˰֣˵߰ɣؼң
ҲʶǣȱøУȻݺݵһǸһǸĻ߳ҽԺ
122ľ
Ҫ𣿡һ⳵ǡ
ҡҡͷҪ˵ˣҲڼסȥҲᵣģһ˵¶ĻͷӵಡǵŪ˲ɡ뵽ǸŮ˾ȻΪǸ˻˺ӣЩɬ
صºͬǸоﶼģĸ˶ﶼвǮǸղŶסԺˣֻͣʮǮȥЩ׾ݣǾ͵Ĳ˵ЩˣֵԱߵЩͷƬȥ˺ͬԶļҡ
ҹģԶҾϸһ´ţѾˡҲĸ˴ĵطǵľݵ㡣
ҺţС֭ܿ죬ʼðݣŨŨĹζСɢĸΧСţϴõĲ˺ƬŽ˹˸պ齴췽;²˻ͻ϶ɵĵϳĸ˳ż򵥵Ļơƣһûһ˵⻰
磬ԺʲôһơƣһӸѣ߳Աʵ
һ£һ̾˿Ǹǲܽȥˣӥ˲ǣǽˣҪǸ˶ʱ򣬽ǾͶǶˡһȥµǮõ֣ǾЪЪ˵Ūͦ׬Ǯ̽̽·ӣҪеĻǾŪСɸɣ˾پƱĸ˸һ
ԳԺȺȣСʱ˾Ѿ㷹ȵЩȻȴûж࣬ǾЩƮǺȵãֱȽĸоԶӼͳһЩǮǾʹȥѧ·ϵľ
ľڽ㲻һĵѧ·һľҵ֮ΪŮǳĶ࣬ԺУŮѧǣϲطǲȻҲڶǶ㼯ڴˣľ񵱳޵ĳ
ĸԭﵱڱģһˣǸ˻ȥ˵ʱ򣬾͸βˣǺӥһආӥϴܻӣǾͲò֣˵ǣǸһһˣû绰ĻϺʬҰģпܾĸˣ
ĸ˴ӺŽ˵ֱ˶¥ڱͷӽסˣһľϰС֣Ҳһ죬ȴǸثӲô
ôֻˣѾҪˣ֣б۾ǣһĲм󣬻ú׳Ĵ󺺡
ͻȻˣأѹֱͲȱ֣أԭΪƣˣǾͳӣп湻ˣ
Զǰŭˣסǣƽ˵ǲҪˣڲҪ֮ǰҪȰǵĹʷˣӦõı꣬ҪǣҲҪЩͷɡĻô˼Щ¶Ǿ͵Һӥú˵˵ˣȻҲ̲ǮܿǱһӦҲǳˬǺǡЦúºͣ۾ζɸ˶Է⻰ڿЦ
Ż˭أȥ£ҹ֣ݺݵĿĸСӣʲôʱСҲţˣǹߵģ֪ô¶ء
ֵѾ̲סȴǵסǣЦ˵УǾôţߣϰ壬ģɾͱָ缸ĺ˰˵⻰תҪߡ
˸ЦѣСҪ棬ϵܣȥɣ缸ϰ΢ЦŽĸý˾ңһζ
ǰԶ֪ƽװúô¶ǿеϰ壬ôǻ˸Ƶģ˶ʮֵĲӦ뻹ǾҪǵĻҲǺ֣һܣʲôưĽǺõˣ϶жľ壬ɵø˼֡
ÿɴָһϣûкȣֻŷȥİ棬ǸҲ
ɼǽ䱸ǿвɵøһĨ裬ȴЦ˵ôɵúúõģǾͲأЦȻȱ⣬˿žͲ
ûʲôǾﲢҪôˣҲûбҪˣллϰôʱչˡ˵ϻĻᣬֱӾͰĻ˻ȥ
۹˸һ£Ц˵С㿴òãڱЩҪտһ£Ȱҿһܣÿһٿ飬¶æˣһ𶼸ǿˣô
123ºϷ
۾ɿһۣһĨ΢ЦҲע⵽һ㣬Цѵ˵аϰ壬ѾסҽԺǮأǮҪȥҽԺƶϲˡ
ڵһվе˵ϰ壬ǸϽǮǰɣϾ͵ߣһ۸ǶҲ̶վ
ɵЦͻȻʧˣ䵭˵ûǮֻ֮󣬲õǮȻǼǮҲûа취ǶĴӶóһ·յĳ
ԶǰͻȻˣȴЦϰ壬ûǮ㵱ɵһϵ룬ҲЩǮٱˡǼǮãϽ˰ɣ
Цм˵СӣҪզôΪһ㣿˵㣬ĴӹҲ壬֪ʲôһ壬ʡί鳤ƾСӶǵСӣҲô˵巳˰ɣȰǸϽҹԶһԱߣŪȥϼ꣬ɾͲ̫ˣſЦţĸСӵķŭ޶á
ͻȻЦˣͻȻòһһѱĵĲϣǱĽϢЦ̾ͽסˣŬƽСӣɣ򲻵ҪùǼҲҪùвһЧ
۾ͻȻЦ˵СȥȥһԵ飬ԶɵؿϣԼ־סִӷǽժһѶƽСͷûзеͷݺݵ
ҷӱϿһ¶ûУǷθ֮пɾûôˬˣֻ˼£;ЩܲˣؽˣԶ־ÿһѪ˵Ҹǣǻ𣿡
˵̬ȣõ𣿡ɣȥǮǱĶǶ۾ֱǰԪ󳮾ټʮһһǾǼʮ⻹㣬һЩۺͽӡͷʮ
ƲģôǮͻȻĸСӵǰǿǲԶģ˶Щͷ٣ͣſˮ

Ҷĳͣ˲ºͬ·ԣǰ涼侯ؾѾΧˣ·ҲʱζԷĸˣȸղŻ
ҶºѩڳۿǸµˣ걣ڴӳһ֤
һֺ֤Ц֤ʶǶԷƣԱʡ侯ܶӵǸӵˣһ֤ɫʱһ䣬˵̾;һ
ֺûע⵽һĻŵ˵Ҳ˭㶼Ѿ·ˣȻǹ֧Ϯ뱩췴ӽͳȫ㣡ڵϣҪúõƵĻ쵰ﹷӣ֡
ţһ֪ʲôأţҶڳºѩ˵ºѩЦ˵һֱ壬֣иţͽôƺҲһģҰְֺүүʮֵء
壬Ǻǣ˼ҶǸڵĳ̣Ǹһźٵ壬̫˼ˡ
ҶԤУһһʵĺϷݡ

ִٵĺܣ϶ðˣҲԼζ񿴵ͷ飬С˵裬ҵأӣҵ裬а̾ͺˡģȥ·ܲŮֻʵ¥ͷŲŮ
ĨһѺ˵̣㣬ãĶεķ£ͻȻ뵽ԼûиλͻȻֵС̴
絭һЦĥܺСӣ˵þ˵㣬벻ôͼˣİ⻹ŮһδкӻΪĸףȻҪһ¶Էĵϸ
һΣ˵Ṇ̀Ҽɽ棬壬Ǹũ񣡡û취ѣʵʵ˵
üͷһ£ѸٵչЦ˵治񰡣ڶ𣿿䣬ûŮ󡣡ӹһŮӶ˵Ĳ裬Ҳӹһ͵˵һллŮӶ΢Ц˿ȥ
124ӯ
ľưɣ칫ҡ
ɿĸֱ飬Ͼð亹ЩڣղžͲӦôĸСӣڱˣҪǶĻһ뵽صĺͷͷ
ȴֻǽӹǵЩǮһҴһ˱䣬˵ϰ壬סˣõĶӦõĶҪǸҸģȰ׼Լ׼һڹײģңҲźӣҲҲСЩǮˣ⵰һһĻҲⱾ
Եþ̣ȴΪȻѾ˰ţϾͽĸ֪ܵСȥĲֿ⣬ֱӽһ˰ˣǸļƻѾвͨˣҲҪŪǵ˼ֻҪһ뿪ɣ
ģ¶ҲԣǷİɣҲǵ鷳˵ĺܶԣмпڵģǹȥû˼Ц˵ԼûʶЦǶôαصȱ⡣
ǰԶСڳӣǴɵУɱ⣬ҪΪֶڣһһҪɱˣ۾Ļ˿ɭĿ⡣
һ֪ǲȫˣҪô˵ҪôȻǲԼֵôѡֻһɡ
Ѿɱˣе׾ûѹȥɱһѾˣ̾ͰյСӶι
ɱҲʲôˣɱͷûκεĹǣҪɱ쵰鷳Ǹܼ⣬ԺзẒ֮̌ɣֻ֣Ǽһ֪
뵽кһһƾͰɴΣԼĿڴһף֮󣬷ɿĴ˱䣬ĶֵܵĿⶼ
磬ǡ촽۰Ͱ͵Ŀ˵һҪɱڣ֪¶ġСԶĿڴóãСȥſڣǰӣȥŴڡ
˵˵ͷֿһǱı䣬ȥſںʹڰѷ磬ǮԶһֱЯĿڴţĶɿ쵫ңҺԪװ˿ڴְ֮ЩҲ˽ȥ
ھʣһЩۺļһСƤ䡣Щ۷ţԽԽǹŹ֣һŴ۵ʱͻȻ𾪲ѣ
ϵֺȻǣӯ
ӯ˭һ˿֪ܲǾ˭ȴ֪ǸŮ۹綼ƱƵã
֪ƱƵ˶֪λǲûκεֵܽãҲֹһεĽȻֵǹµͯĹ£˵ǲܻһͬĸ츸ã
ϵô˼ӯʶĿƱƺһʱ龰һΣƱƵڶμӯ˶̸һЩͯ飬֪ȦܣƱƲиãĸףҲţֻǣȥǸסھԺĸס
ʵҪ˵ˣܾܵõ˵ĲƸ̫УӯǸѣȥɱˣҲȥ˺Լѡ
ϵ־ȻӯָоʶǸŮϾ˱ٵÿֵˣϹƶҲڶ
벻ôӯĴۣĿߴ֮࣬üͷЩҲŽ˿ڴɴཫеĶŽ˴ڴ
칫ﻹԡңһԡƤͿڴãִԼĿڴóһСӴڽǸŵ¥µ
Ūɣ˻֪ô¶أǾòӺЩۡ
˵ҿɣţǲģֻ鷳鷳㣬ǻŵ˰ȫĵطˣҲԲͬ⣬ǾֻöӲˣ϶ҪЩࡣ㿴ɡ
ɸоԼЩΪɵأԭ˼ҺܴԼǸûѡ񣬾ֻõ˵ͷţҪ˵Ҳѡ
־˳ԶһһҵЮɣӴӿڴǰ˵󣬿ڴҲ߬ŵӡ
ܾ߳칫ңûˣ֣Щ˶¥ȥˣûап࣬ɫ򰵺Ҳˣ
125֮
ұһ
˵ͷǰɣҵý㡣ͷȥλỊ̇ǵͷֿµСѾƤôֺСЬѽεģεͷģ̫ɫʵ̫ˡ
ãЩס˵ʱ򣬻ʻһװ¥ţп˿ʳǺɫĲʣ˿ʳܱȻСģǿǱ۰򣬻ûЩ͸ĸо
ʰһۣ˵裬λܴ찡û£վǶýѾЬ̬ʮֵˣŪԽѪڣȴȻ
˵û׼һҿɵء˵ţվ˸ÿ¶һϸ˸ǷǾȥɣСѣʱ͹ɡתӯӯ¥·Ҳޱȵˡ
͵͵ɨһۣϾһۣһ죬ӿڴóֽ˲վԵĻʵ˵߰ɣٲҾҪԺȥˡ̧Ⱦߣֹһ䡰ɵ档
ߵſڣͻȻ̺;ƣҪ˵ͶԱæŮӶ˵ѸһǱ߷أԼðɣǳȥˡ
ŮӶ΢ЦͷС㣬Щΰáһµ˴Ӻ˽˵С㣬ҪҸ㵱˾
ҡҡͷһ£˿һ֮һ̵뿪˺լ貵ҹɫ֮Уֱľȥ

ºͬڣֵ֮ϡ
ߵǹֺǰֺԴЩľֻһת۵Ĺͷ侯ؾѾĵǲˣһֻסĸ첲ֱ۵ʧȥ֪ǹ˶ԷڶǹڣԴϮˡ
㡣ֺһ죬ֻǹǹܾĻҭ˻ȥ嵭ĿӵĿ⣬ͺһֻڲмĿһֻСϣ϶ǣ
ǹʱ㻹ͣǹң㻹ʸ񡣱ѾǷһƫƫȲҲֻóȫ㣬ΪĶӣӦҲˣźǣ̲ʿĳƺţźһ۰һ죬ֺԴϷһѪҧǹȥ
嵭óֽ˲֣ӿڴóһСӣŵСԲʣдһֽݸǸ侯ӣ˵ȥô˵ˡ
˵꣬ͻȥºѩţ˸־˸һ֣˾һӵʱ䣬Ǹʬͬ侯ؾʧˣֵϵѪֱɾָͨͺʲôδһһʡĸ֮ûм΢
Ҷºѩڻص˼ķڿϣ͸ս¹ӵǣþöԸֿ

ľɱв¥һ㡣
ȥʲô
֣ڳ֣һ̣ɲͼţ棬Ǳĵӣȴû̫ԵıԼУЦ˵Ǹϰȥϲˣһ֣ǲǰϰ壿
ɲҶҸ֣ɫɭɱ⣬뵽Ҫ칫ҵʱ򣬶ԷѾҪҸСһľȻļˣ
ɹȻǸҲǸˣźӺ͸ĸܲˣڿˣĸСӸͽҪģǰ˳͸ȥš
뵽ɷԼǸСͷ˵ҽˣչ˺ɡ˵꣬͸Ǵųš
֣Ǹ޵Ļ죬ûпɵĲԾұҲǼƻҪĸСȥģûлɣǺܸˣһߣˣһֱڴǼƯķԱÿȥһ뵽ǼƯС椶ľȲȥǰ档
ɵıϳ֮ͽ˴ΣԶȥǽߵ˰˳˦һͷ뿪ľ
ֱȥǸ֣ͷԶ˳Ӧǳ˳˸·һСִеһϣֱС
ֵϵĳ٣Խ򱱣ԽܸоɪĸоȻһ֮ȴ֮ǱǷƽȴǼҡ
126¹
ֵԵƹƺҲΪļȺɪ˾ЩǺϲΣϣһƬڰôܸӵİȫ
ʮֵ˽⣬ҲеĽǰû¶ʱϲĴߣεеÿһ䣬Щĵط磬¹侯ԺЩ
ƬҰӣǸصأ˵ֹֹҹû˸ȥǴģҲûм˸ҴԱ߹Ϲǽвﶼ¶ɲǲ¡
ȥɹĢȻûʲôǽȷǳˣ춼û˸ȥǸطһҪȥĿĵء
ȥӣȻ·山ɽҹУϹһ֮󣬾ͿԶһƻԻ͵ѽУǰԶɽţһֱ쵽ɽɽһڿնĻǾǱɽҹУ

ʺľҪţͿ˻ȱһŮ˳ͷεĸо
ôˣȱ˲ٵľƣЩ죬񻹺峺ЩζĿˡ
ֺˣںȱ֮ǰ˼һʼʱֵţ֪˵ʲôһ˵棬ǹҪȥĶ磬Ǹ˭أ۾ɨŸ绳ŮãʶˣҪȤˡ
ȱ޷޵˵˵ǸһˣһŮ֪ҳȥˣĵ绰ִͨһô򳵣Сãǲȥ𣬰ѳҿˡһиҪȥ棡Ȼڳ֮ǰҪĲǳǳС˶
һг۾̾۾һת˵ððҲȥʶһأӣҲۡ߰ɣϳ
ȱΣŮһĸ˿ˣҴҵ뿪ľʻȥ
ĺ棬ʱӣһ¡

ɫˮպ
ҶſڣСӰĵƹγһƬĺӰſһֱ쵽ڹ
ſڹգ޹Ĵ۾ҶСˣҡβͣԴǰצϣ̬䡣
ҶѾһˡԭһˣһ
һҶͷԼ磬ĵ۹
ȻȻǽ۹ȻͺԭǸ͹岻ͬ磬Ҷ֪Ĳ٣ҲͬҲҶ꣬ԺһЩ䡣ʵ̫࣡
ҶҲԣҲȷʵҪŸһĸùϸ㰲ݵ
Ҷʮ꣬иýҶ飬׽Ҷĸ׽飬һĿˣȻԣǼͥڣ
磬ڿʲôأҶůӴӺСѾͷıҶСϣоˬ
ҶҶĸǳĺãΪҾԵʣС˯һ档ڣҲһһĸ˺ܶܶࡣ
ʵҶҶ鲢ãûκεѪԵϵҶļҶҹ˽ܡ
ԭҶҶԺ󲻾ãһ֮УһӡǸѽʲôǲǹ¶ЩûʹҶҷû˵Ҳ޴ӵ֪ˣ
Ҷ飬Ҷҷ򸾵ŮһڶҶõòУĸãҲδܺõ̶ֳȣҶҲͲںԼôļңҶ˾ļˣ
뷨ǰҶڵҶйʲôı䡣
˵磡ᣬ˼ң˼ҲϲˣҶŽڱһڡ
127Ũ
ҶǰȻѾǸˣֳԹܶ࣬һֱпų֮ģ˵ͯġҲһֱòԵ֮һ
ڣ긽ʮҶϣͼӰ죬оԼͯԽķģЩϼ޻͸Ĳɣĵ׵õʱ򣬾Ͳḡֳ
ҶЦץסҶСֶѩ׾µСֶĴţ밡ʲôʱ׬ЩǮҿɰСһ̨ء
Ҷ⻰һůСͶرĺãһֱı񡣼İСΪ˱˺ܶܶεᣬȻһĺ۸
ҶӶ¶𣬾һֱ룬ԺҪǳˣһҪ޸磬ӡ
ǺٴһЩʱ򣬾֪ǲԼ޸ģӲУ
Ҷ˺óóʱ䡣Ƕʱ䣬ĸ͸綼ΪʲôģȻܿʺ棬ʵͷ뷨أǲ˵뷨ԣǶ֪Ϊܼ޸Ӷѹ
ٺȻְ˵Ҷ粻׸磬Ϊ˺ܾ֮ͻȻ俪ǿſ޸統ӵĵ˼ֻԾңһһǿңһһ첻ơ
ҶԲ֪ҶӾǸ֮󣬾Ѿ˺ܶܶࡣǣÿڸıһ˯
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ԺҪǰᱨ飬¶ҺȻᴦ飬úõĶ飬ȰȰ裬𣿡ҶүӶҶ۾ϣõ϶Ļش
Ҷ˵ͷ䲻ΪȻûбҪǵñֳЩ飬͵͵Чá˵ģͷȴѾ⡣
ôɣȻûһүүߡ̡ҶϷȻøˡǿӿԽҲ

ҹ賿ŽҶûʳԣҶЦԼȱȥһҹ߸׼ȷ˵źʡ
Թ˶˾͸ɢȥҶض飬Ҳѧ˿˷ܲѣֻºѩһ㶫֮˯ˣں˯
Ҷúƽȣ֮󣬽Ůı˼ңӵߣ˷ܣֱʱ˯š
峿һȭһҶľʮֵʢҹ˯Ҳ԰ҹ˵һܣºѩģٳٲԸת
ְͣҶ߽ݣºѩСӻ˯Сһ˯ʵӶߵһԡ
140ºԿ
Ϲȥɣڼ˯ºѩ˵꣬ʹһǷˣҶЦŸǺñӣ˯ţָոкҶſŰµϣȥҡ

ҶһҰλڽж棬ˮռ㣬Ҷ԰
ȻҶҲڡ·˶Ľʮ棬ʵϣҶҵʵʮеĳЩѷɫҪʤһ
ĵ۹ֵ͵Ĵ壬ȻûԺգʵС
Ҷ԰ΡֺĻմţҶһꡣҶԣƣֱʹѾĳ˯˹ȥûע⵽龰
ҶͨϺҶڵĽ̸Ѿ֪ҶǽҶҵΨһӣҶҶҵĵδļ̳ˡ
ŮҶûм̳ȨҶȻҲܵõһЩҪδ⣬Ҷҵ棬˭ҲΥ
Ҳ˵Ҷܼ̳мҵ̳мҵ˾ǸҶһͰҶȻ
ҶȻҶүӵܵܵĶӣǸãҶϡҶо˷֣ðײ˶ˣ
Ҷһ̥Ҷڹæµ񣬻ûüϻ͸ĸʮֵҪá
Ҷ棬ҶˣûжӣҪҶȻж̳мҵҲʹҶӻɣҶҶȻҶϸıΪľǼҲ
֮ԺԵҶΪҶѾҶҳ׾ˣٻعҶҡߣбʲôԵʡƩ˵֪Ҷ
ͷһҶĶͷð亹һĿǣԼûҶҼ̳ͷĻĸ׺õİȫ޷֤
㣬һ˶סҶ԰˱һͷ̫̫һȥֲɱĻԼһҵİΣɾûκαˡ
Ҷüͷȥ԰֡һֱ˹˹ͣڴ򿪳ŵʱŻع񣬽Ҷ飬˵ǰӵ֮£߽ǰ
ٺס֮Ҷİϴһ裬ûгԶֱ˯ˡ
ҶҲۻˣϴϴҲ˯ˡֻҶû˯⣬ϴ֮۾¶
ҶţͻȻһ˵¶
ǰһ죬ҶҹҶʱ򣬸׶˵ҳ¶һҪչ˺áǸԿף¶ĻͰѱ򿪣Ķǳаǡ
Ҷ˵һЩĻصǰԿϡҶԼĲӣһϣ˩ǰѸ׽ıչԿף
Ҷɲסˣ·Լ˾˵һűͬڣ˾ķԸԻصǸСԺӡ
ĶûüᣬҶ˷šҵ˲ַԿף˲ְַѲַǽϵһӴ򿪣һҵһ֣һ¡
ƿ¶һšǹϵҶĿ˵ռϣţ¶һµͨ
Ҷ˽ȥֹţͨûκιߡҶУʵ𲻴ܺڰ裡
Ҷÿ϶ҶͨµǸʵ̫Ϥˣ۾Ҳɵͨ˿Ŀܡ
һУԺأ۾ͨҲһȻôߴأ
141֮
ң뵽Ŀ϶ǸңǸҡ
ҶҶ԰һҲ԰ˮϰͬҶ԰ӳȤ
԰ռ㣬ʷҪ׷ݵܾúܾǰһҵҲҶ԰ơ
Ҷǵһ԰ǰֻ˵ż·ȴδ߽Ÿǽ;ŵɭϱݣܹطˣ϶ȽƵʮŲϵ˸һЩ
Ҷİµϣͣǰݸһȫװľһ֮󣬾͹˵ԵȣܼԺ
Ҷ˵ͷǰȸߴմϷĻͼӣžȻ֮һһλźһӵˣ΢ЦҶ˵ͷ߹˵Ҷ԰Ĺܼңѳͺãй۹⳵
Ҷε˳͹ܼ˹۹⳵Ӣ˾Ź۹⳵֮䣬ʮԺ󣬲ͣһŵС¥ǰ档
С¥ǰżŽֲڱʮֵټмͩǲѵһѵõǣ¥ǰľӳȤ֮Уɴ˿ɼ¥֮ˣǸˡ
ʲôˣҶΪЩ׷ӹţΪŵˣˣˣ
ˣ̵ںŸ֮δ£ȴ˺Ȥˣˡ
˲ģǳڵѬջĿȾɵһеϰߣϰߵɣôļ򵥣һһϦһ궼޷һͨ˱һˣ
ҶǶ˾Ͷôĸ߿һۣ̱һȤˣһְݼڵĺøС
С¥ʱۼľţĴ򿪣һŰɫ廨ѾٵŮſڣһ˫ˮƵ٣Ҷӹ΢΢ǷСֶҶ룡
Ҷı԰ʱѾׯ˿ɫׯصǲнûıɢŰɫŦʽ䣬ķΧܺг
΢΢ףҶŮ£߽С¥һĿ
ҶһоǱ㣡Ů㣬Ҳ㣬㡣
ԭɫľʵذ壬ֻذ岢һľģĻƻ棡
ƻļ۸ڱȻƽҪأľ𣬶̶ȣȴһصĻƻ棬ҶԴ˺ǶЩ
Ǯˣûƽ̵ػǽˣñȻƽصľ̵أשװǽ棬ǲǮˣ
ȻС¥˲£ԽǮĸ̫עأӽȻһܾǶԷܰݳޣⷿ򵥵װΣͿԷһƲ⡣
ҶϸĿ˿װΣԽⷿİ裬˻ƻ棬ǽ˿ľгľ̴Щľƻ浹Եòôˣ
̤̤ĽŲҶδͷѾᵽһ㡣ζͬⷿζȴЩͬˣ˳
ҶһǸζеˣһᵽɵ㣬оȻһԺ¡һ£˲һƬհףɫְֺףѸָֻǿżǿ࣬ͣ
ҶĶˣΪ⵭㣬Ѿ˶ģļ¶˵Ǵδй飬ȴʵǿҵķˣеĿ޷ƺ赲оԼѾˣ
ãҶ誣ӣռټǸˡȪƵʣҲʽҶУͷȻһˬ˹
ҶŴһۣż򵥷ٵּ¶ѾѹȥƽĵһЦ˹ˣСˣΪޡ
ҶûȥɫŮΣҲûȥֻǿγ̹䣬
ЩŮˣֻ𾴣ðµģǣҶڻʲôǵ֮£Է⣬ǲĴǷǣ˵Է⣬ĶҲֻܵһδ
ȻһЦҶѾŮ裬յ΢һڣĬ
ðҶǱǸǷǳϣܹҶһЩټ⡣Ҷҿ𣿡еĿҶǸׯصŵˣһеŮѧ
ҶŰ¶Ľ̬һźȲĵһ²յ˵ˣĻͽСҶˣĳƺҺǺաʲô⾡Ҫ˵ʲộҲԶһѣֻǻдɡ
ҶİԼ̬ĶѵŮǣһĳŮӡ
142ը
ʵҲʵҶСЩƱԼҵıŮҪСЩҪ϶ݣĺ񣬵Ǹôû֮ĴʦȻǸСк˵ꡣ
誼Ҷ˵ˣҲ˳ˮ۵˵ǺãҾͽСҶˣСҶðһ£ϴεסѩǴװЩһֱǻ޷
Ҷһ£˵ҵһλڸҵģھӺζҲ̫⣬ǡʵѾµ˸ףֻװͿˣЩ飬Ҳ˵Լס
Ҳûټ׷ȥȻҶ˵ҲûбҪȥ׷ٵף˺Ų裬˹ڹٵķ档
һʼЩ裬һյ֮󣬻ϻӴ֮˶֪ĸоʱѾ谭˴˽أǶ˱˴˵䣬б˴˵ԱʮͶĽ̸ȻʱȻš

糿֮󣬾;ûо춼鲻ãã֮һΪ£һΪҶǸСԩҡ
ֱŵ࣬Ҳû˶ֱϴ˸裬ҵĳЩ˾ȥҲûʲôطȥ˺þã뵽ȥ̵鰲һЩ
żҾӵĶ̿ͣŲ˰誵С¥ǰƿ˷ţʮϤطڱ죬඼
գ㲻Щ˰ɣô𣿡ͷԼһ䣬ЩΪԼĴ̵С¥ôأ
ʵϣӡС̰誵С¥үүûеڶ˽Ҳİְǡ
ǣһ𾪵ķ֣ǸСԩҾȻ˿ٰ棬һĲңһߺ̸Ц
ǵһο¶һ棬ĿģԵôлǸׯصˣһĵСŮ
龰о˼顣ĵһ뷨ڶ뷨ǣԼǲʵʱóֵĵطүү֪𣿻УҪ
ôˣʲô㶰ɣүүյʱٵҶʦҶҶʦҵŮϴμġ誽еߣΪܵ
һĹŹ֣һ£ǿ˵ҶʦáŮͷȴ룬ʲôʱֳ˻ٵĴʦأˣŲ񰡡
ҶҲû뵽ôطȻҲƺţܹŮЩ¼
ãС㡣Ҷֵʮֵƽ΢΢ס
˱Ҳ֪˵Щʲôڸǲ֪˵ʲôǾ˳誼״˵СҶɣǶϲ١
Ҷ˵ͷҲû˵ٰ֮󣬵˵ң
ΣĲϴεġɽˮ͡ѩһ÷ŪԶίߣð誺ѡ
һ÷ŪգҶһһʴ𡷡
誺ɵĻþʱҶѾٰĺ棬վ˴ǰŲŴⷢ
˿̵Ҷź͸ղŸʱЩտЩͬڵӲ濴оʮֵĳ죬Щɣ濴Щ۵Ĺ۸вͬ
ͻȻ֣ҶüͷѾٵŮС¥˽һˮ
ҶͻȻЦ˵۹ϲ۹ˡ˹ȥˮǩŵ۹ϣһ飬ѾŮվɻĿ
誺Ҳʮֵɻ󣬲ҶΪʲôͻȻ֮ôʧ񣬾ʱҶŵǩͻȻһâ˸룬ȻѾŮü䡣
һʱ䶼ˣ֪⵽ôˣΪʲôҪͻȻ¶֣
αװĲϧһҶ΢ЦŮһңһƤһ˵ף
ǸͻȻЦҶһȻ佫Ӵ˳ȥ𣬽žһ죬С¥ҡһ£Ǹ汬ըˣС¥ǰļɽľըûˣһӡ
ɿİԱǾǣȻûа̳Ҳûκεĺۼ
143Ҷ
ҶǸ޴ı䣬ȴģһЩĶЩ
һԿ׿Դ򿪼û׼ȷĴ𰸣ҶѸ˩źԿף˾ŰһĴ˱䣬Ǳ棬ûʲôĶһȹɫġţ
ſľͷģȥʯͷģڵɫϸЩҶ˺һץסϵһϢĴ򿪣һӺ˳סһ¡
ҶѾǺһƬĿûκεãԶԶƽԿڰеһУͨʲôطأΪʲôô䡣
Ҷʺܶ࣬Գһ£ȻȻ߽˺ڰϢĺ£ҶٸܲһȺ
ҶƾԼǿĸоںڰǰУоӦǸͨͨǺܿҲǺܱƣһ˿ͨް
ںڰ˴ԼʮӣֺĸоԽԽǿңҶͻȻһȱţŰϣţͻȻ
ҶǰУ˻ǲʱ䣬һţ֮˽ȥͻȻһգҪץסһЩʲôȴʲô޷ץһֱͣµ䣬ֱĳһ̣ĽͻȻ̤ʵϡ
Ҷʮֵ֣Ȼûо쵽һԣȻĲȵʵأͺǡƵģֻղǲݣһƬޡ
ˡһҶǰͻȻһĴˣǰȻһһ޴ĹһյԲεĹ
ǣգһ۾֮󣬸ղǸյĹͻȻ˺ܶˣкܶ࿴ļµ豸ɴ۾סˣ
ˡһѲϵͻȻҶҶһͷһһͷŰ״ӣһϡȻһ칫ң֪ôܵ칫棬ݺǸʧˣ
Ҷһĭɲʵ˭ʲôطԼһΣǰĳЩƻõӰΡ
ⲻΣʵ磬Ҷ˵ĿлأĸˣǶ񲮣ǸСѾ˲⡣ҪĻҪҶˣǻ㱨㲻Ļֻ·һԷԲһô򵥣һֻҶ˲֮а֯ţûѡģֻмҶˣΪǵһԱܱ𣬲ܱļˣͷһƵװ飬ͷҲ̧˵
ҶЩܲͻ飬üͷ˵ҸҲ֯˰ɣǿԱĻô˺أһʲô֯ɰȱøУЩĶ;
̧ͷһۣãҪ֯ˣɱˣһԲѵĺ˵ⷬ𣿡
ҶûлشͷĻֻǳĬһ£˵ǣȻ֪ҪģȴӲˣǲǣԼȭͷ
ûа취飬ÿ֯ÿ֯Ĺ涨ǲǾǴܹ֯סǵôΣѾ˼ˣִԲ򣬲ϼǣ³顣һɡܹסˮɡʵǳĴԴȵİĳЩ˵꣬ǶԷȴһֱɡܣ׷׷ϣˮʪˣԼ𣿻ǻǸܣ
񲮵˵ⷬҶҪ˵ЩʲôȴԼûа취ȥ˵ʲôȷʵͷ˵ûа취νҶˡ
Ҳ֪˵Ļ滹Ǽ١˺һҶ˵
񲮷һҳ飬ϻĿţƵ˵ȷʵҪ֤ҿԸ֤ҲҪ֤ܰǸСӱ˳ҪҶˣ㵽ʱԼôһˣ㣡
һֻӬĴӿзɹ񲮿Ҳĸյһ£һ죬ֻӬͱһ㣬ҷ
ҶΪԼĹε˵ãǿһĻʱЩľ硣
þ棬ֻĵСˣҿԸ㣬ЩˣһҪöࡣңŵˣҲˣ뿴ԼжܲܶԿһ֯ǵĻƾ츳һΪһʮǿĴڣҪЩͨʮǧٱһ룬ʱ㣬һôĴڰɣ
144³·
񲮻ĵȻҶͷȴ˹һ𺳲ѡͷð죬ߵ˴ǰ˿档ԲεĹ˶չʾһЩ˵ļܣҶôĵȻЩ΢һ
ǣ֯ǲһӶҪطҶʵѾʼˣ߸׼ȷ˵ǲǶģһʮεѡûбѡ
̧ͷһֵۣͷΪҶ˷ʮ꣬Ϳѡȥ߼ҿԸ㣬Ҷ˴ˣǲֹܹ˱ǿ󣬿Աļ˺ԼܹɷԼĳͣңƽʱҲɻģֻһֱϵڵĿ¶ѣûôֲΣǼҶΰ֯
ҶͻȻͷ˵㡣֪ʲôÿ϶ģͷĻ֪룬Щ̫ˡ
񲮵һЦʲôأ򵥵һСѣǵ˼ᣬҪǼ˵Ļ϶̵ʱѧǸţҲϣǼҪԭҪӹűĻҲûĴءˣҵʱæڸʮʱ俼ǣԸǵĻ͵ͷǸСӵĳСʱ֮ھͻᱨ룬Ϳ뿪ˡˣĻҲҪԿ
ͷʼڵһģ塣ߵʱҶ˵ͷͷڼҪ˵ǰͻȻһƬŤ硣
ҶҰٶʱ򣬷ԼѾվԺƮһ仰ͬˣܺãŰɡ
ҶҡһԴ￴ʲôûпԺվһ뿪Ҫȴһ¿Ǹ񲮵ĻǼ١

جԼڼУĨһͷϵ亹ĴŴ
ӡӵĴ͸ɫѾˣùһԵĿ˿Ѿʮ࣬´ϴ˰ĸ״кȥԶҡ
ԶļǰѾˣںԶһˣѾ˼ŪõĲˣƽԲЩʳģڣͰͿԼĸǶ˵ͷ˶ĵЦ
ϴϴ֣˲ƳյǰԶһæһӷʢ;Ѿ㶨ˣС˵ζʳָ󶯡
ĸȲ˼ƿˮ˰ıơƣԺ
磬Ժô찡ǰһں㣬˳һ뵽ЩǮֹס˷ܡ
һȥƿơƣĴ˸ã˵ȰǮָһЩ̫࣬Ҳ̫٣üͷȷʣµǮҾʹڿͷʱ𶯣ֻһЩʽʡ߬ǮһСŪ¶ڶǵùҲòˣ
ȻЩССʧͷҲ׼ҪǰһǮǣǳ¶˳顣
ûа취飬ûмǮһǮ϶Ҫ֪ġڣǶǣԼĶ̴ΪЩǮ衣
żȶ磬ЩǸӰܾͷ̤ʵоʲô¶ҪƵġ
Զ۾Щ죬û˯þʵֻҲֻǳ̶Ȳͬˡ
Զ̵˵磬ҲǾͷ̤ʵǵްһ¶Ҫ鵽ǵͷϣ޾ˣ
˺һ˵ţѾޣһҾȥ̽̽·ӣڼúõĴţҪǷֲԾϽ·
ʵҲûʲô⣬ֻ˵·ӣνҶˣôһ¶
ҲǴȵȿģһϵجΣͷҲһֱϴģͨҪ¶ԤףòǰǸҶ˵ľˣҲûа취İ취˭ǲûбĳ·ء
˵ˣΪҸһϵղԾ;˾Ʊ͸һĴ£˶ϵԽԽҡ
ʱ֣뿪ºͬǰԶˣѾ˯ˡ˯һҸȥ˯ûǸ˯⣬ͷ¶
145µһ
ѾŮҶӰҵֻ˹ȥһǣһ뵽ղŵ飬ͷ£ҪҶĻͶˣʵ̫ˣ
ʱ˲װҶʶˣһԣʵô¶붼ֱð亹¶ʵ̫ˡ
ҶСֶ֣оЩһЩʱ⣬һɲǶͷЩ˵Ȼ
Ҳע⵽Լʧ̬ͷſ֣һ飺Ҷղŵô¶
Ҷһ£˵㻹ǲҪˣ˵ҲףͻȻͷ
üͷ˵㲻ҲУܵöǵİ˵һ°ɣ֪ЩˡҶüͷһ£ͰѻȥѾ˺һΣɵĻǱ˵ˡ
ãҶҸط̸һ𣿡ܼ˹˵ͷ֮󣬾ĿƵĿҶ
Ҷһ͸ŹܼˡıӰҧҧ촽ĵ̾˿
ʱߵ̾Ϣ뵽ղҶĻһĨɫЩ뷨
ҶŹܼ߽һС¥Ķ㣬С¥濴Ҳǹɫ㣬װȴִķ񣬶һһִ
ܼҸҶһ裬ҶѾһӵˮٺȥˣ˲豭ֱʣңʲô£
ʵӦ֪ʲô¶ܼҵĿͻȻϬ絶罣
ҶȴȥϬĿ⣬һ룬ǸָⲻͣķתԼһܼҵĿ˹ȥ
ͻȻǸʧˣܼһعҶҲʧˣòˮд֣š
ܼһ֣ͻľʮֵ֣ôһֺ壡
ţһഫޱغͿֲĴڡ

Ҷһ£Ҫȥ
Ҷİµϸոʻ԰Զ͸·׷ϣŮ˳ĿЩԹƺǶղŵĲЩ
뷨Ҷֻһʱһ˲ȥԼܹλСԹǴС㣬ʲôǣʲôҲûʲôǽҹҵ׼ϱǲҲǡķֱ֮һоѾûа취صԭ㡣
ؼңŻڼҳ緹أʲô¶𣿡Ҷ˳٣ʮĿʵ
һᣬ˵Ļһ˲䶼û˵ڵˣһţﳤȥֻһӰӺ
Ҷ̾˿һ·̣һС֣ɽʻȥ
һ·ϵķ羰Ҷ˼ȥʵҲͦĵģֱµϵԼǸСƷչվǰ棬Ҳûлָ
ѳͣ£򿪳һʿڳ̣չվСſˣӻʹʹ˳Ҷһ£ǻǵһοҶĺó
ҶЦЦ˳µʯͷϣӺʹӶݸ̣Ҳϣ˺һû˵ֻǳ̡
鴦ˣҶʴӣЦŵ˵ͷ˵ţߵòûʲôźûм㡣磬ǽҪʲôǼ𣿡
һ紵Ҷ죬¸⣬ͣı任״λã˺
ǾҪˣѾһʽԺҪЩˣܹ⿿ǰЩֶչԺɱɱ飬ǿԺҪҪ顣ҺѾŪֹ˾Ǿȥֹ˾æɡ
Ҷһ̣ӿڴóһпݸ˴ӣóſݸ˻
ӣҰѧ·ľǸùһ֮ڣҶն˵ⷬӺԥĵͷֻҪǶķԸҪϧһдȥɡ
Ҷֶ˵һŹ߶ֲĻԱӣҪ̵ʱڣΪ֮ͣ˽ѡпһһͬʱðһͷһڵ۹ƵΪ㶩һ׷ӣʱȥˣҲԴȥȼٴ壬Һϰһк
ſˮüЦͷããģˡ磬Ǹҿɲԡ߶ȥҶ
ҶЦ˵ԣҪǵã¶б£ŮҲΪˡӵļһĺɫǺģͬʱǶı£Ҳ˾̾
ֹӣʵӵıҲʮֵľˣҪǹ˵ǿʲôģ飬Ǿͻ֪ʲôŽ
146Сҩ
Ҷ뿪Ʒչվʱ򣬿һɫĽ𱭣ɫĽ𱭣ȻǱְͨɫҪö࣬𱭱Ͼǽ𱭣ɯ٣ֻǿһ֮󣬾ûȤ
ҶũŪõҲȰµϲ٣ֻǣԳһЩѡ
µϣҶӿȥˣ¶ʱ򣬻ǿóһЩʲôһͰѰµȸӿһʱ䣬ȹЩӣһ³
ҶȻǷǳĸУǶǮҲͳǧЩǮ¶Ǵ´ࡣ
ҶĳСͣһСֵĳһͬ棬³ȥԼǸܾݵ㡣
˷ţ߽һңﻹŵҶЩȻǶ̾һ¶ڣȴѾߡ
һŲǽǵĳһ£ͻȻһţԼĿڴóһԿ״ţֵȥ
һµͨһ֮󣬾͵˾ͷﻹһţҶٶȴ򿪣֮ͨ˺ü֮ǰһ߽һԲεĹ档

ĳһԺ˵ĵطŴҰݣżӲݴзɴڶɽЩǲƭ￴Ҳмû˴ˣôᡣ
Ȼɣ߽ǴŶѾʧ˵Ϸ棬˵һ䷿ӵĵǽţ˺һһ뿪ʱָͷȴͻȻӺűֽǽϸܵһЩʲôһӡ
Ǹϰ£һ춯ԱߵǽͻȻһţһŵһһȭһСţǸС룬а˩źԿס
Կ״˵һţֵ߽ȥ֮ãִ˵ڶ
СʱԺǰһһԲεĹǿյĹվһˡ
֪Ϊʲôζ˵ףͺԷһƵģ£߽Ҳһ
ҶҲܲ죬ôͻȻһأЩ֮⡣֪طĳԣԼ˿ʵϣֻҪǲ뿪ԷԶ®ɽĿ
Ҷ𣿡ǿĵ׵𾪺ͻ֣̿ʵ
Ҷһ£ͷ˵ûҶˣ˭ôˣ
ŶԷģףƮúǼ˹Ƶģĭ˵ңɽģ㡣Ҷ˵𣿡
ңûɡҶʵ벻˭ܹ϶ǣҪû˵ԣ˯ˣǲľϰ
㡣ʶɣЩɣǸƭˡ
ʶĿʲô
ҡҪҪҶˣ
ҶˣƵĿ⣬оЩʶ㶼ЩʲôܹΪ֯ЩʲôƵʵ
Ҷ⻰ַһЩҧҧ˵ֻҪܹǵļƽǵ֯ģ飬ܶ࣡
ǡǳԺ֯ˣ֯ᱣ֤ǺǼ˵İȫҶͻȻӹѾ뿪Ŀҩ衣
ޱȣҪʶԷΪʲô֪ĸˣˣѾûټĿҩ裬ЩԺ뿪
ҶԼܾݵ뿪ڳ֮۾ȻӹһĨȻֶȻһԺʱͳҰӰڷá

صºͬһ·˼ѾͨһУûκѡ£ʵͨأ
߽ԶԺӣ;òԣҪ뿪ڶǹڳСԺܣ׼
һһЩһȺ侯Ұǲɷ˵ͽϴߡ
ºͬǶ֪һУֱԱߺͬľǳȻˣǰԶ
ĸ˴ͷɬޱȣʲô˵ĬĬˣ뿪ºͬѧ·оַʻȥ
ǶѾЩˣû뵽ǣǸյоֲӣѶûоأĪĸˣݵǸľԱ˵ץˣ治˼ơ
147¾
Ƕ뿪˹֣л˶Էǵĺ⣬˳⳵ֻˣһİĺ롣
һͨ˵绰һɣѾҵĳ⣬ǲҲñһ³Ⱑ
ͷ˶˵һģھͻᡣóĿСҩ裬ݸǰԶ˵˰ɡ
ɻĿһǿѾȥͶԥĸȥǶΣӹɡ
ܺãϲǵˬ죬ȥúϢҵĵ绰
绰ҶˣԻֵܣûнͣº֮ͬԶ˵˽飬ǰǾŵ飬Ѿ²ѣڼҶˣûһԥΪûʲôѡ

Ҷ˵绰Ű칫ıգЦ˵лˣ̾٣ͷ㣡
̧ͷָͷڱʼǱžôƲС˵ǲ̫ˣҰôæҳԶٷ˰
˵㣬ǰԷѵģ̾٣˵ڰ뵺Ƶıըֳô¶ڶģ˶оҶ˱յԣָͷڷɿôẓ̇äһƪı
ҿǿıдˡҶű˵
յĿɨһĻڣʹӡ˳Ŵõı濴ţ˵ʲôǲ⴫ģ㻹Ǳˡˣղ绰ȥȼٴ壬ҪҪһȥ棿Ʊƻȥ
ҶûʵԼҪ֪ϢͷƤ˵аѩϲƱƣҰϣһȥɡûʲô嶯¶ûɵһ
濴ܲǱֵģءվȹƮ䣬һ˫ȣˡ
Ҷ˱յȼۣʵ⻰ô˵أ̾٣ҿûе㣬ôô˵ҰҿǸרһˣ
УרһˣҿǺɫС˻࣬۾ǲǲҪˣٿһۣҾ˫ۡյҶһۣСֶȻһ£ЩɰвҶ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֮ģ˽֮ôľǸ˶Ŷ࿴ϼ۵ģҲǸ˰ˣҴˣ߰ɡ̾٣첻ϰ𣿡
ԼСְˣҵʱʮֵɣԼš˵ҶȳԼİ칫ңתš
ջعҶڶԼʱͺһ˵ʲôҹЩգǱֳĽ̬ȴЩǴΣһԵľԱǶЩĿɿڴ˭벻λ˻欽εһ档
ҶٺһЦҲЩ죬ô˿ţֲ˼ġһǰһ߳˰칫¥ͣϣշ߷ߵ˵Ҷţ¶ҪǸҴ鷳ҪҸճ𣿡
Ҷôֻεĵ˵ͷԼɫ𱭣վȻҲĳûпԼĳ
ɻʱ䣬˦Ҷһ֮󣬾ʹ˶ˣͣУٴ
Ҷ˳һ߿һ͵͵űվȹµȣһ˫˻Ϊ֮ڵȣźǣϴʽƤЬҪǴŸ߸ЬټϺɫ˿Ļǿ϶ӵˡ
ҪңٿҾͲ˰նû۾֪Ҷڿû죬ֻǾСȭͷвһ¡
Ҷ죬ջĿ⣬⻹ǻ͵͵ɨôۡͷƮһɵζǱյ㡣
ʶˣʵֻҪűƢõǸô˵Ůӡ
ҶĳһϴֲԶͷ״гڸԣֹǸ٣ĳתȥһֵʱ򣬾͸ǰйǺܿխֵϡ
Ҷһɲñ۾Σ򶨵Ĵְóһֻǹͬʱ˶Խ˵˼仰
һ˹˹ʻС֣֮ͣ󣬳һˣŰ׳ºͰ׿ӣŲɫ۾ɫɭɭ˹
հҶҲûжָ⣬ǸڷţһָߣտǸЩɻ󣬲֪Ǵʲôطģֵֺĸоһ˵ָоƺΣգ
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̾٣ʶ𣿡ҶʱգָоʶԷ
յ˵˵ʶֻǼˣǻʯˣˮĸ磬ƽƼұĺˡˮǰ
մ˳ţǹ߽Ļʯ˿üͷһ£ҶҲ˳ܲڳװӰɣǲķ
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ʯ˵ɫҲ֪˭ֻǲһŮ˼ƽϣߣ
Աߵ˹ȥնŻʯ˵Ⱦһǹȴֻһ죬ãҲҪվס˽Ų
һĨɫӿڴͳһ֤һ£˵Ͻ뿪Ժ鷳Ը
ŲңƷǸСӸҴߣʯɫɭ䣬ն´
ʱ򣬽ֿͻȻͣһʿһ˴ӳһԲʣīϿһѴǹлĳ˹
СֶĽֿҲˣһͬߴǿ׳ͬװӭ
ʯ˵ɫһ䣬˵ɱĻ䣬۵Щһһıͷ£֮䣬ʣԼ
ҶסˣҲסˣߴ͵˱Żð̵Ĵǹߵ˽ǰǳҶ˸һ˽һ֤ݸ
Ҷӹ֤򿪿һ£Щ죬տݣ𾪲ѡ
ǣǹݣʯɫҰ׵˵仰֮󣬾Լĳȥ
˳Ҷ־˸񣬴ǵˣҶûüʻʿѾʧӰ
̾УҶô̾նҶ۾ɻĿ
Ҷ죬ץһͷƤ˵ˣԼô¶ء̾Ҳ˵ˣ벻ô뺷ԺӹƺܺùˡأҾУ
տһ˵ѣƵ˵ˣݣԺ鷳϶࣬Ǹ٣
ҶʵΪʲôʵ֪Ϊʲôֳܱ֪
յ˵ûΪʲôֻΪ̵̾ľӣִȴǺ쵳ô򵥡
Ҷ˵ͷȻӣʵĺܼ򵥣Ϊ棡
Ҷͱ뿪С֣侯ʰо֣ҲǼӵʱ䣬Ͷһɶ⸽ĳЩˣû֪ƧСϣôֺ;Ķǵ顣

ҶһҶüͷͻȻ䣬ֻһ¡ֻմûһô˴˵绰أ
߳˲һֻϵĺ룬İͨ˵绰洫ϵϤѾãԺܿϣ㲻ҪˬԼء
˵仰͹Ҷ˵绰Ҷ˵绰һıڣת뿪ҽԺ
صԼҵǸԺҶͿ˼˰ֽţǽǶֵĿǸħһǵҶӦǾһЩµ飬ܺã
һСʱԺҶ뿪ԺӣѾǿտҲˣѾ˼
ҶصҽԺҶҲҽԺͬʱҶȻҶϣԼҶ̫̫
ҶûдҶ̫̫кҪοһڿ޵飬Ҷ˵ϣײİ˵һת۾ͳȥˣ
ҶȻһ˵Ϲ˵ʲôء壬ҪСϹ˵յЦ⡣
ҶȻҶ϶ţյܣ㹻ҶС֣ǸҶ飬ȫ֮ء
ҶүڵͷԼĶӣ⻰Ȼ̧ͷһĨɫҶȻҶ϶һľүӣһº͵ĺܣôͻȻأ
ҶүӵɫָֻܿƽҶ̧̫̫ͷǣ˵СȻСϣԺֹֻ˵Ҳϲ𣿡˵ĿҶһĴȰ˵ӣţ̺үү뿪һ
ҶɨһҶȻҶϣ˵ͷҶҷ򸾺ҶȻҶ뿪˲
ЩĵĿҶҶ˵裬İɣһᱣǵģ˭ҶǣҾ͡裬ɫÿСҲǣǾͻؼȥɡְַҲȶˣҲһʱ
Ҷ鶼ţҶǺܸߴϣڶܣǿΪڱηɡ
149ɱ
Ҷؼºѩյ磬ӭһ·ķ羰ȥ˳Ƕķȼٴ塣
ķȼٴʮֵ֣ʱҪֺܶܶ࣬ƱƵ治һǿ
ЩĹСǣ춼˳ңиĹСԼʿҲ÷ȼٴһʱΪ
ʯ͸˵ˣŪڹиĲݵ£ſŮŮ
һʢᣬһ޴ޱȵģУܹⳡʢˣһˣ£ֻһЩԱ
Ϊʲôôϲӣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡ҶһƣϣᰲºѩһƣЦʵ
Щѩ׵ĴȺͼԼ¶¶ĹزΪˡܰɣЩ˵
ΪһָоһֱעӣءָܶоʵȴЩҲʲôʣˣҲǱϵķƽĿģͱоСõȥֻǣԵøѤһЩˡҶȺ￴һϤӰǳȳСŮﻹǳ䵱ŷԱĽɫ˵Ŀ⣬ϼУҲ˴ڨ΢Цνġ⡱
ȳԶԶҲҶҲӵºѩ΢΢һЦҲ΢΢ףӯתȥ˺档
յãһĻǾ͸һĨζҶҲЦЦЩǸŮҲûʲô٣ʲôûС
˵Ҷ㵹ѧҵ츳ͦܺ˵ġ֣Ҷ˹
ҶһۣûȥǺºѩкºѩҲͰ͵ĺǴк
Ȼºѩ˵ͣȱøϧȱ˶ݣӡ̣
粻ҲͳЦｭ˹˴кЦͽΪˣҪæܶ࣬ȴֵȥæ
Ҷվ˵Ҫȥϴּ䣬ǵԣ˵٣иѣЩӿҪʱʱϣա֪ﲻһ˶ܽġ
Цɵ˵ԣӣҲøӣʱˣʱҴ绰ˣ˵һֹ˾ļٵİ
ţǺһŪģҼ롣Ұ֣տʼŪڻûпءƴ𣿡ҶͳЦｭʮֵ⣬ǶСӾƵģ˵˾ú
ɨһɫЩĳЦҶ˵ˣòϰСʱˣôҲķ˿
ҶҡͷǣûʲôżֻĸȷʵٺʶƴǰǺǣ˵ˣˣǿЦæɣȥˣ˵⻰߽˻档
ɿҶıӰ̾˿˵һã۾Ҳ涾һ۾Ϳ¡ǹȥ¶ˣ㻹ʲôҪ֪ӦҾͲôӦǸ꾫߷ߵҧ˵
ЦĬһͻȻЦ˵ֻϰԵķӦѣʵЩ͵Ĳٵˣ˼Ѿҹҵ׼ϱ˼ҵءˣ˵ˣξΪ׬Ǯһж̸еįһɨգĽɵļ򣬾ȥӦˡ
ɵǵĿһ۳ЦıӰ̾һʵǶֵ̫˽ˣǸŮˣǲôױǵġ

վڴǰ񣬱춯ת۾˹ȥĴҡһԵˮЩˮЩǣӹݹȥˮǱ͸ůϢͻȻһᣬˮ
ǵһζôãĺãȴոʧȥ˺ɱһ֮󡣡ˣɱһˣ
ǵһһŮڵȻûմƯƯƤˮ飬ɫʱôĶˣɫ԰ף촽Ҳ׵ȴһƽ￴ʵʵǱϿǿ
ˣڲʺϿޡǲ̫ӦοŮӵĽɫҪǻȥοᳵ·οİҪ
ȴ޵øˣֻȥᣬͻȻ䱧סؿ˵ûˣûˡңɱˣɱˡء
һôɱأ飬͸ˡ
150С蹷
峿Ƕǡ
һоѡĨһǵĿˮŰשͷɵĴ
۾ʣڴߣԼ㣸ƽףվԴͼСݣͷһľɥ
У¹ΣŮƣдܳˣֻÿ𣱣ŽֱߵСƽһӻ˵ðưϴ˹
ɥֻһ˲飬뵽ǰڽͷ˵ӣʱ͸о֪ˡѾסԲɹܷ紵ܶҲмǧǮĴͺܺúܲˡ
΢Ц˹Ƿ˸ϵĹؽһǰɰֱ졣ǹؽףؽΪһֱȫѾˣһչͻᷢ춯
˴˼нЬˮͰȥˮ
סһƬòһؾͿ϶ǨƽŹվũóгһƬ˷Ӻµķ棬Ѿ˻Ĳݡ
һǽڷıˣĹ·ϿʹоͬһԴһ㣡
ʵֻǷֵ뷨ѡʵϣǺӺӲӬʱԱΪļԺ䡣
Ժӵ棬žǷ棬ȻͳЩ˵ĳ
컹Щ϶ڼҡһϻŵƹ⣬ܿзӣжֻûа취㣡
ֻǵãԼûʵʱһ첲ʹĶǰʲôƵģԼŶͷƤ顣
Ҫ˱ͷӵĲҲ̶ã
췽֮ĵһ¶ȥũóгһʣĵΥԭһֵǮ˫ʣ
ڣ֮󣬷˯һþˣֱڡ
⼣۵ţɫ磬ȻѾˣ̫ûгչϻûʲôˣֻĳóгǱߣѾ˶˷ӺͲũǶѾʼæµ
שͷˮ壬ߵˮǰ档ˮûˮͷֻǽڷˮϵһˮܡؾˮǰĲ֣
ˮõģļԺӵĳ⻧õĶˮܡЩϴ·õҲ
裬ˢ˸Ȼˮϴˮϴ˶ϣоЩ䵫Ƿǳˬ
һˮ裬Ƿǰڼ˷֮һֱŵϰߡǳĽʵʺǿ
һϴˮ裬һߺŸ̳ƱƵġվվϡ
åҪ
ϴ裬ëӣͻȻôһУһһԭԺ߳һ˯µŮڷ߷ߵĿڿһ
ҲһУСëסԼ
ʶŷۺ˯µŮסʱ䣬Ҫܶ࣬סˡ
Ů֪ںγͻ֮󣬾ͽС蹷͸ķ蹷һҧ˾Ͳţݣ
ⲻֿʼҧˣΪտʼʱСŪһ·
С蹷߷ߵĿ˵ʲôУʲô棬˶ƵģͦһˣǶƵģĲİ
һ⻰Էſ֣Ĳϴ壬˵ѵŮӸ˿ųԿҸ㿴ͳϴĿˡ˵˲㣬ǸǶǵöô°Ҿϲ£
С蹷ߵԱߵǸˮԣˢģģ˵ø̿ͷƵģΪԼɶأԿ㣡ޣۣҰ¾£ƨ¶Ҫåԭʼˣڡ
ϴϴëšˮ֮󣬼ӡǰڼҵʱϴѾˣ
Դûʲôϰ
һ߲ӣһ߿СѾͷͻȻ䷢֣ȻúƯѩѩ׵Ƥ۾Ҷ״ŨڵüëټСɺཱུͺֱͦµıӡС
۾ֱˣ˲ϴ壬ֻԼ֪ڵıжôĲŹۣ⣡
151³å
ŮղŴԼůƿеһЩˮ˴ˮŪһԴĭĭϴͷ۾ûע⵽åо
ϴͷëͷո۾ʱȻ俴ԼŪˣåøשͷһ£
ŮǸгſڷܵĳåòУһשͷͺݺݵСݵĴϡһˣשͷɽ棡
òһʮשͷȥЩשͷһ붼׼Ķû˲ĴҽȥģˮӺЩЩõĹư趼ҵϡã
ڳһڶŮŸصԺ档ߵĸȻ̳ҲƱƵġվ
֪ղŵһˬԼʧءĵгǸ˺öαС蹷ղǱӣͷǽһʹ죡СǴδйúͲá
гŹ·һֱ򶫷ɱԼСʱ֮Ѿ˽Ĳũۼش
ԼɻǼԺ֧г͸ż²˵زժƹ϶Ǻӡ
ܼ򵥣ǷǳۡһСʱֱʮ㣬ݹŽõˣǮĳ͡
Сϻ
ߵʱ򣬶ͷķĸ첲Լ˵⻰ǶʼЩҲ֪ԼȲ÷ԶڶҵƫģҲûʲô취
Цŵ˵ͷ˵壬ûб¶Ҿ˰
ͷЦŵ˵ͷһ˵Ϸûأȥ԰ɣǼĶ
м˵лл壬ɶҿ϶ˣ壡
ͷ˻֣ŷԶˣתԼҵĴšڵ߽Ժ
ңѾˮԱߵľги̯λЩ飬ҲЩ
гͣԱߵĴ棬߽ݡ߽æϰҶ˼˵ͷҲ˵ͷҶһӾűķ
æԼݽӰᵽ棬̯ӡ
Ū̯ӣϴϴ֣Ҷ˼Ӹһ̡ӹ̣˿ӣЦ˵аҶ磬μǰϪˣ
Ҷ˼ŷĴ̣һ֮˵ʲôμǰˡøҵģƾݣܳϺɽˣϪأΰɡ
ڣܵ˼ȦʵҶ磬õʲôİǸ·Ǹþƺ̵ģǴϰ壿
Ҷ˼һۣ˵Сӹ˵ǴϰСɶİɣ˼治üȲǴϰ壬ҲǴϰСۣһң֪ɣǺĻˡⱾûУҹ᲻õƷĳ𣡡
һ֣оǳ羴㽡룬Ҳǵңźǣֻ񣬲ûең
Ұҹ᲻Ȿҿдúܺã΢ǷһЩʵУȷʵôһСˣúǷϡҶ磬˵ҶϲдôãôʵҲɣ
ĻҶ˼һȭҶ˼һţ˵²ңƨС˼̫Ǹ͵ĹԹŮŴĴҹһƽʱŲŲľأ˵ҲûĻǲа߯
䣬վԼ̯ǰϽ˹ȥչ⡣
֪ʱ͹ȥ˼Сʱⲻ̫ãҶ˼ⲻЩơ
ү㿴ʲôĹ;ɶǺö̯λûУ̯ǰһˣ΢Ц̯λǰλ˼ң˵ʵͿλǵӣӦþͲǹ˿ֻͣǿͶѡ
152¹԰
Թ࣬ҲǹԶˣûһ˿һӣ෴ͬ
ͷð춼û˵ֱüһ˼ߵ̵֮ʵСӣվ͹𣿡
ͷհȻˡûǰиӣдչ𣿡үʲô͹ﰡ
̫˵ҪյĻȥһˡһϹͷЩڲˣһ˶׵ġ
ͷĻδ䣬ͺԥĵͷ˵ɰʲôʱ򣿡
ͷһ£˵Ҫ㶫궫ͻؼҡ㡣ͷЩ˼û˵ȥЦǾ߰ɣҰöǺǣүһɵøұŵ
УУû⡣ͳˬ캩񾢶ҲҪǮģ˵ˣҲʲôֵ̫ǮĶ㵽ʱʧͳɣ
û¶ʧҲ£͵ǶˡҶ磬տ̯ӣȥλү㶫
Ҷ˼˻֣ͷ˵ٷϻ⻹˵𣿲СҪǿ˺öɱ˷ָ
ˬ˵ǵȻҲǷϻү߰ɡҪг㣿
ͷҡ֣ˣˣŰɡһˤһ£ɢӲҪ鷳ˣ
Ҷ˼ͷ˼ЦгͷԣĻ·ȥ
Ż·͵˼ҾгͷһӺһ輸һֳں棬˴ţ˽ϵĽŴ·档
Ŵ·һܴ·һ
ݲȨ䴫˵Ŵ·ɲһĽֵŽеķˮ׸ıֵΰʷΣ
·ʷǳƾãƾõҪݵлûеʱǸʱ򣬽Ŵ·Ŵ·ǽشǣǸܳĹˣ㹻дһС˵ʲôĵĺƪ
ȥģ·Ϸ·ļߴǰߣߴִĽͻʧ·ԶǹϵķʽС¥ŷʽС¥ԼһԺСԺƽ߷вݷ
￴ҲܹžɣȴǡĵؼҪȷסƬƶƽܶ౶ɴҲԿͷˡ룬Ƿеˡ
˶ˣ˱Ǹˡ˶ĸˣ͸˱ˣ
ղͷĴҪˣ϶治߶ˡʶԼοЩۣͷЩͬʱҲͷƻ
ϼţһɵС㣬Ϻˣһͨ˵ǮⲻǸ˰ȫҵ͹СӺС輸ǲ˵
Ѿǰеĸ¥ú͵ͰƽԡȵѾȵĹʱ򣬿ﶼǲӲȻһƬĿҫۡûиߵͣûй
°ĸ߷ڣǶȿֺԼļסＸӿ˳ĳЩƫƧĽֵҲ˼
ǣҲ⣡
Ʃ˵ͷ·ĵطͼûʲô˾·һƬ֣·ǹϲɣķݣ£Щݵ·
ʵﲻֹһƬֵ֣ıأ·ϻһЩשǽĺۼԭһשǽש˰ˣʣһЩע⿴ֲ˵Ĳкۡ
и֣԰ͽǱƬӣԼĹ֣еһƴ
԰ܴԭһƻҪĸߵСΪ¶Ī˺öˣҲͶ̺ͳн̣طҲû˸Ҷˡļƻǳʱ䣬ͳպаġ԰
ʵҪǽӣҲ޲ɣʵҲһƬȦֶѣûдڹ԰ȻԭǸߵСļƻҪĵȷһ԰ˮ԰֡԰
һ˾˵ȴû߹ǵһΡͷӣᳵ·
ֵĳϰЩʵүӣжԶһʱ򣬿ɲߣ߯}ˣб·𣿡
ͷЦŵͷУЩԶʲôµģһƬӰˣˣЩأҲŪúʲôƵģϣ͵Ķˣ˶Ҫµģң˵ҲǴ˽ģûҪ£
ϰӣû˵Ҳû˵ֻЦʵҲ
153
·ʵЩɭɭ˲ľͺëټЩ˵£˺Ҳûʲôϡԡ
ѽ
ͻȻ䣬ܳһԶ£Ǵ󺰴ѸԶˣϰͷŵô˼飬ͷˣ
ֻͷûк£߽˲˳绰˾
ôˣ׳ŵӣͷͷش˵ûʲôиˣѪ«ƵģѹְǶҰԧܡˣûʲôģǺǡ
ŻЦͷǸϰҲÿŹĿ⿴ͷͷҲԼЦЩ¶òʱˣͲЦˣȴҲߡ
үӣǲ߰ҪһԱ¼¼ڹСͲˣϰĿͷ
ͷĥһ£˵ᵢõģһԱ;ȻǾߣھԱʶˣ˷ʱ䡣
ϰЩΣҲû˾͸ͷӣ;ȻͺХϾʡǣЩϵͳķӦݡ
ͷžԱ;ȻԱǸѪ«һ˴ŪȻˣʣ¾ԱһЩ򵥵ı¼󣬾ͷˣͲʲôʶˣ
˼·СʱԺڵĿĵء˼סһ֮Ժڰ̧Ҿߵʱ򣬾Ѿ˺ܶľĹԺӣֱһŶݡ
ϰǮˣϴ֣ͷһ裬ЩĽ˵үɫҲˣʲôҪ֣ҿɣ
ͷ˵ͷ˵ðҹɡվ߽СԺߵ᷿һѷžĵط涼Ƕܾûнˣǻҳкܶ֩
ĶҶ֣㿴ɣҪĻߡͷ۾Щֱķ˵΢ЦţЦЩĪĶ
ãá̫ˡ
ʱɻĵΣɫְֺף쳣ļʮֵʧ̬

Ļ֮󣬾ʵô¶Ȼ¶Ҳ٣ʱûб飬ܲԴ
޿϶Ľ˵һ飬֮󣬷ŭѡȻ˺ܶŮǶԸģϷ飬ʹ
ҶҵŮˣǻšˣаһ˵İɣ¶ܸ㶨㲻¶ġúϢһˣھʹ绰飡
Ҳۼˣİο£֣硣СԼСֶһִδй㺣һֱһޱ㺡
ֻͻȻһǸϽһֻŻ˯ȥذյø˻
ǽԼֻȵ𶯣Ǹδӵ绰ҶģһѶϢȥȻͨоֵĵ绰
ԱҽԺǸ˾¼ͻȻӵ˾ĵ绰¼жһ˼֮Ǹ˻ѵ˾ǸԱɫ֪Щʵ֤¶ˣ
Ȼڽʡʡĸ߹ٶúܣкܶȻǹ٣ǿޱȵˣΪʡίίи߹ٵռɽйֵ˾ԲҺڣ
عٲֹܣȨĿ϶и߹ռɽ˵еĹʵȨ϶ǿǸ
ǶӵŮѲ˻ˣһڻö֮ĽԼŪܺߵģ¶оֵ˷ŭЩ롣
ǿ벻̣˾³ҲͿ֪ˡ

ҹĻʹججĻصԼļңԼ˺ôһΣǿŻŵĶȷⲻΣ
Ҹ̫ͻȻЩ¡⴫ŮЦˣţʹɿĽ˴£ʵ˭ѽ
åҳĻһשͷҲ洫
ע⵽ԼķǽһƬڵʮֵҲͺƽһʧˡ
˷ţһ˱ǶŮţж̿СģϴСЬͷɢѩ׵ļϣСһѽƽӣСѾһһ¹˷ţ˵å˵ɣ۸С¶ô⳥
154
Ҷ棬һЩˮоˬϴ֣߳ϴּʱ򣬿ȳôŮ߳ɵΣʶۡ
ȳһ죬յĵһۣǲϲֻܲ
С椶ͦһһ׷һҰһ꣬ô
ȳҪ˵ȴ䲻һ֪ʲôطĳһ˳ףֱֻòдƷеļƷĳࡣ
ŰᣬŽʫ٣Ǿһ¶ˣںܶŮ˵
ȳȵɫһ˵ЩǮȥɣĸʺ㣡֮⣬þͺ͹࣬ߣһأ
˵ɫʱһ䣬ŭЦܺãҾϲС椶ǹС椶ҴҵķҪúõźź
ԶߴˣҪԳȳ֣ȳȻۿǣһµˣǣʱ
˰ҪǿˡȳͻȻĺ˵ĸ߿ҶĶĤбĸо
һЧ̫ǿˣ̣츺άı;ԱǾͶ˹ɺͳЦ⸽һ˹
ô¶ųȳȡȳָȻЩԾһ㶼µĳ˵ҪǿңҪȥķ
ɺͳЦ￴ˣüͷ˲мĿǣʲôӰ¶ֵǹĴȥСӣվˣʲô
ҶЦŽһŲӰǽϣǰλΣʵ֪ʲô𣿡˵Ҷ˵֡
Ҷ߬ȭͷ˵ȭͷͻȻȭͷݺݵ˵ȭȭ⣬һһЦ˵ҪסˣָȭͷĸоҪ£ʵҲڻݣڰݡݾݣݼֱǸ󹤳̣㳤̫ˣ
ʵѪȣΧ۵Ƕ̲סЦҶĻʵ̫ˣҲ̫ˣ
һҪȴȼٴı̵ѺѶȥˡɺͳЦǰֹҶŷŹðļһ˽˴ˡ
Χ۵˶ɢˣɿҶڲŵȭͷ˵Ҷ֪ǸС˭ôݵ֣
ҶһۻһվŵĳȳȣЦ˵˭ҲôŰΪάأҲΪ˽ӣȻҪΪ˾ŮȳЦЦȳȰһۣСߵˡ
Цͽɿųȳ欵ıӰͬ˵Ѿ治ǸˣŮϣ
Ц˵ղŴǸСŵ̫ӣ֪ɣĺڰＯţǼҵģεİΪ۹ʮڰ֮һǣӦ֪Ƕôˡ⻹һأ
Ҷóһ̳ϣûʲôģֲסҵʱͰǵ˵ҽȥͷϴʱǾͲûˣ
ЦͽɶһۣЦ޳ܡ޳ܵúǵķɣ
Ҷ˼Ȧ΢Ц޳ܵʱǻ֪޳ʲôءˣղǸɵȣôôŰѵûʱҪѧţȵĺڰôʰôǰ浱Լǿôˣ
֪ɵΪʲɵ𣿾ΪǲʲôɵʲôǱȣҪòƺʵթˣлȥЩɵ𣿡˵⻰˿ֱ
ЦҲ˿ֱ˵ʱҪˡɵĶԽͻȻ˵֮󣬷˶ԽѾſˣ
˺ҶкͼҴҵˣҶ˸䣬ʣµỊ̇ճڣͿ˹
ҶŴգбûȥЩŭЩΣҪȴ˵𣿡
վֱѾҪµӣ޺޵ĿȻһͷŵô˸£֪ôģô
155µߵ
ǸϿ˽ܿռ䣬ҪȻĻͲԼԺεļˣ
ֻǸһ˵߶ȴΪҶ飬ִδйĸоݻе𣬵ŭǣ飬ȴǷã
֮䣬Ȼ˵Ľĺ͸һ͸ߵǱߣֻҪһľ롣
֮ûҶԸѾһʵϣѾʼǿҵˡǼٵģǼٵģĿ֣ǻģ
СʱԺҶݵ뿪Ǹ䣬ȥ档鸴ӵ˼ŸϵſڣɳϣѾãҲң۽ü¶ķ飬зһʾոպ˷ңһķ
˼ҶıӰҧŴüͷжǺ⣬ȴһЩη壺꣬Ϊ

Цͽ˶ȼٴſڣ˴ţ˹˹ɵĺӻʻ˷ȼٴ塣
Ŷȼٴγţֱʯǰ棬˹˹ͣ£еӳһ۾ݸӣվڳԣסһֻѩ׾Өܷܷ֣һֻűɫˮЬӳ˳˺̺ϡ
ֻһֻ֣һֻ㣬ѾΧۻӭƱƵǣоֹͣҲֹͣ綼ֹ֮ͣת
̫ˣ˲š
һֻѩۣһԲСȣһ紫Ůűɫĳȹһͷںڵ㷢֬ȴɵߵ˵Ұ
Ʊƣĵ۹Ů֮һ̳Ӱ̳˫ŮʵĳǣŮ˵ż˵ˣ
ʲôܽأ˵ģƱŮӡ
ƱƲǱɽˣЦһ׽֮ģ֮⡣ǣ˲ȥΪǻ˾һð£̫ˣܱմȾ
ûлױûΣҲûоµķͣƱȻûκεΣֻǴһɫΣȴܹļµĽ£۲ЦԸӴ˲
ڳŮܶܶ࣬еòҲƱƲȴûӵǿŮΪߵ
Ⱥ֮УҲûΪƱƶԣоͰɺͳЦ֪ЦƱƵǶ£ò޺ŮʮֵĲмЦЩ˵ĿɬŸǸǣСֶˣ
ûý壬ƱС˵̬һòǣСֶ֣ھ֮󣬻˾Щ˵Ĺ죬ҲڷĽͼʣ
վȺûȥƱƣڲͣѰҶǸ󻵵Ǽһﲻ֪ܵȥˣĻˣСﲻͣ죬ԵСһ̾Ϣ̾ϢԼҵС㣬ǸǸ쵰ĸȥˣҪȻô߶أ˯ʱ˵λǺҶ֡
СɵϣȻһܸһŮӲͣĵţ˵ĶǺޣʵͷװŵĿ϶ʲô⣬ǱһЩϲ;ȵȡ
СǸעĿƱƣǸһĨмٻͷԼɰС㣬ǸŮ˸ͶСһëǲףүôϲģ
ºѩҲվȺƱƷǰֻǰĿţǸϲǣǣҲֻϲԷĵӰ͸ˣ䱾ˣû̫Ĺϵûż񣬼УҲȲһǡ
λУҲܱͣݣһܷ顣
ºѩΪ¼ҵĴС㣬ȻºУϾһ߸ϵˣȥƱơ
156ϼ
ҪݵĻºѩȥݴδҹ裬Ůӣĳݣ
뱻ݣҪݺͲΣûǸݺͲΣһжȻͻơ
ºѩǸ־ӰϿĻҪƱƼۣջĿ⣬ԵıҶҲջĿ⣬˴˶ЦЦһ߽˻ȥǸǵ㡣
ҶǼһǵ˰ɣѩɵÿɲǸöռºѩһֱĲӣЦŴȤ˵
ºѩǳǳЦȴû˵ʲôֻҡҡͷ˵䣬Ҷ˽ºѩߣ˵һأû뵽ˡţ㲻ǺϲƱô࿴һأ
ˡºѩ֣ߴ̵ĳ۵׵ۣܹڻ
һĻͷһ£ҶǷ޷޲ƽͷҶĹѪͷȻҲٲĳɷ֡
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ͻȻҲ˽ɫЩԾҶʵӣôˣ
ҡҡͷǿЦûû¶һԵĽһƾĬĬĺ
ºѩеĿЩɻ󣬾ôأҲЩ⡣
ʱ򣬻ʺһߴ˽һ߻һ̸ЦģȱǵԱߣҲһʮƯĸŮŮǸ˵Ŀмơ
ɻˣһжˣҶºѩ̾˿飬޷ģԼɡ
ȹ˱еľƣվҶºѩ˵磬ɩӣˡֳǵ˵ͷһ첽ȥ
Ҫкأȴɫ԰׵뿪ˣûԼһַ̧ۡ£Եʵʣôˣ
ҡͷЦ˵û¶ûôͷЩı̫ʧˣһȶûУʵֻǶľʶǱʲôϵ
ʱԼЩˣһũճˣôҪأǸ˲٣ǺҲζžʺ˰ĸ˵Ļһ㶼ûдʣ
뵽ЩȻʧ־ЩɡһũԼѣ룬ҲǾúѹģȦݲˡ
ȱһֿһۻߵϳۣüͷһ£һĨʣѸٻָǸһĨЦ
ȱͷ̾һΪǸɵС̾һϳ۱ǲ̫ˣƷǳǸ˵Ĳ࣬һĴ
Щ飬Уղ淢ϳ֮һĻĺܣ
ǣȱȴ˵飬ҲҪԼŬһЩУҸʱҲҪһЩĥѺʹۣҪЩܲסĻҲͳƲİ飬ֵϧ
ȱϣܹһ𣬵ҲϣǵĸǾһ֡
ϳۣȱͰ˵˵ˣǲԼõģҲʱһȵʱˣô޶ҲŵģģҸı
ϳۿߵˣӹһĨ⣬žͰע˽⼸Ůϣ֪ЩŮֻҪܵõһҪǿõʮǱʼֱĿ
ʣ⼸λǡϳԵĻʣҪܣҶüëõ˵һ߶ȥƤЦʲô
ϳ۵Сʱְֺףѿ֮ҲñˣҪҶЦŽΧ˵ˣͬѧҲ
ʵɫźÿЩȱҲûЦ˵ˣȥǱŪЩԣЩˡ
ȱԵŮϳݺݵĵҶŭʲô⻰һڣϳ۾֪¶ˡ
žһϳ͸һ⣬һúݸĵֽ֣Ƿļˣ֪ʲôط𣿸Ұ巳˰ɣ
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һתͶЦĵĺҶǴкĸʵСں׻
ϳ㻹Ҫ˵ȴϳˣȱ̾˿ɫʮѿĻҲȥһߡ
ºѩЩˣҶɨԼӣ򹷻ÿأοԼĺѡ뵽Ǹ˸ղ¶Ķ飬оʵ˼ҲûʲôҪǻҲǸ
ҲԳԵ죬ǰԸԸԣԸĻôĴҷִͣˡǸˣִ󡡣
ºѩվҶȥǱߣȥοһºѩʱƱƺǸݸ˽һʱһΪºѩҶֻʱ
Ҷºѩ˵ѩǲǡû˵꣬ºѩЦҡͷҡ֪ҲᡣǸˣһЦҶ;崺磬ƽСѾͷӵĺøб
ʿűòϳ㣬Լ裬ϳϳ۶ѾûƤֱӴӲˡ
ʺͻȱߣҲҪߣȱסʵСãҪʲô˦ӣ˭Ϊ˭أ
ʵɫʮֵѿҧ˵磬ѵûп𣿻Ҫ⣬ѵҵûǱ۸𣿡
˭۸ˣ˭ˣȱ۾˵úõ˵Ҳף
˵ǵѣȴ磬ôˣôúʶأѵͲ硣Ѿ˵ȥˡ
ȱ̾˿˵⻰Ҫȵ˵ģǿҲֻǰ˵ˣ˭ѣ˵ǶԶ𣿰Уҵɵã㲻ҪʺòãҴΪһʱͱһ㵱ߺɵȵˣܳΪѣСã㲻ô棬ôвУ
ʺðζû˵üͷʵ磬ǵĿʲôʱ㣬ķأ
ȱ˵ˣֻ˵ѡСãһֱΪ㳤ˣǴӽϿûг󡣡֪ΪʲôҶҪϳ𣿡
죬⻹Ĳ̫ûشû뵽ΪʲôղŹˣûпǹ⡣룬ǹؼ
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ȱ̧ͷ˿εҹĻ˵СãԺˣͿ棬˲ô򵥵ġϳǸԺ̫ܺӽ޳ܺͱɣĵ˱ƭûеڶֿܡõСӣϧɣҪǰ;ϳģһٸҲȲһ֪Ϊʲô𣿲˵Ʒ˵ߵѣܿδǶôĻԻ͡ٿϳߵѣǲòһ㣡СãĿųԶЩôӣ
ȱ˼άҵĻһԵĳ£ӷԱƣĺţҹ磬Żﴫ˼

ϣϳۿɫã˵Сã֪ίҲҪףڸûа취ҶǸεߵ͡ңӦöġСãԺлЩ˶ݺݲȵŵµģʱôĥǸ˺֣ݺݵҧҧµŲֲȡ
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֪ΪʲôҶָо壬ͷӿ²ֻΪ⣬бһЩʲôĿġ
ں˼룬ͷͻȻǹȥһһͬһĻ

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ŮеʮֵС꾫ڴʱ˿ҲܲϣС꾫ȷŵߵԻ˵ĺرǮ
ܸˣܹ壬׼ȷ˵ǻص塣˵ҵĹ磬ǵʱ⣬ط죬ܹٴλصôﻶӭңҾʮֵң棬ҾΪҳһ׸ɣͳϲҲǴϲסվ
ƱƵĻ䣬ˮΪ˱ַȣЩ˾͵ôڡ
ƱƵ۾еĳһͬĸӣС˳վϣʱһЦ潿ȣһ˼Ľ񳯣̾̾ϡС
ӽɿƱƣźܶĲммĲĸ裬ǰ˵ĻαĻЩŻȻȦŵˣʵϷŮһĲϡ
ЦԼİ칫ǽϵĴĻѩѣžƱüͷ΢壬ƽֳѲĲͬ
ЦҲƱЩЦ˵ǿɱƱǵʱ⣬Цﲻǵʱ򣬶ӦǸƫƧСɽ壬֮еֻ鷳ֱ֮һвȻֹ
ǶǳľˣƱƲڸղ𣬳Цֻһжûзѡȴء
ЦͻȻƱΪ֪νϣʮа˾ŶǱģ̾ǣЩȻܰЩŪģ˲鶼鲻١
ڣܹ֪ƱƸ׵ˣѾ֮٣ûмˡǳЦͽɵ⣬Ҳ֪Ʊƣǵ֯ġ
֯ˣϱ֮٣һϷ˺ܴ仯ŮˣҲû˻Ὣ仯ǰѧͱ仯Ĺʾϵһ
ЦڵһοƱƱ仯֮󣬶ȷ˭ףϷʲô¶ǿԿ϶ǣϲʲô浽ֵز
ЦƱƵĸǸӵģûյûнյ˽յûյ
ҪŮѾֹͨϵʩѹҪֶȴѹЦȷʵҷ˵ϵеˣҷ
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ͻȻЦ￴һСŮ֪ʲôطð˳ߵƱƵǰסĴȣĽе裬ҿҵˣ㲻Ҫ𣿡
ЦȻĵһӦڶӦǷɿĳ˰칫ңһ¥ܣڲͣĲʶ¶˳Щˣ
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ⶼҪ⣬ؼǣСǴܳģôͻͻȻأ
һʲôıй°˵İ֮Ķ۾׼Ϸ
ƱƵɫ䣬֮䣬ԼҪʲôʶţҪѿСŮСŮúܽ۴ͣĽ衣
ֳˣ۾ݸ۾һĨŭ⣬ԵıͷӼ״һ£ϽǰһѱסСŮͬʱְһĺ󾱡
ǣֻԼĿһžʧȥ֪ίڵأСŮһСϻմʺѪҺ۴µˣǻˣ裬ǶǻˣҺ£Һ°ء
ʺѪȾ˵̺˷СŮȻˣԽ˷ѪȺȭϰߵǣһѪ͸˷ܣ־壬ֻôһС㣬ԺԲơ
165Сɰ
СŮΪڳ˶ľѣʮֵ˷ܣǺܿͶɺͳЦ赼ȥ˱ĵطʣ˼ļˣҶˣˣԼҹҵĴүˡ
ҹҴү˷۾ǰȥǱ߶ͺ磬㲻Ҫ˰СϾŶɱʲô
ССʱǰȥҹүҹסбǰȥٴеĿǸСŮҪ֣ȴСŮĵӣѾǵн·ߣ
ҶǶһˣ̾˿ǰȥ˵ˣˣҪָǣƶЪˡϵСŮΪҲһء
Сãûϴ𣿡ҶСŮɫÿƱǰԶЦĿСѾͷ
СѾͷǴ״Сݮ·涵Ŀ˻ԼСֶСӣǻˡǹ㲻Ҫ˰Ҳɱģء裬£ֵıƱƵĴȣĨᡣ
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ҶǸѾ˵ϾŪһЩѪĨϣŴͷȻǰһգǸСѾͷ໵һУͨһ˹ȥ
Ҷ߹ȥǸСѾͷŪץȹӵСֶСԼ䣬СѾͷºѩҴȥ
ҶҲʮֵĺ棬ҲȥˣζĿһԼĴƱƣһɤӡ쵰ȵҡҹƲע£ߵߵܵˣССҹʺ֮Ҳȥ
ǰʮֵĴʣ˳ЦｭɻƱҹƺһЩڱԼһ߻û͸üϾŵʬ塣

ҶˣźܰԵļŮˣЩºѩʪϵѪѪɫȻܲСɷɷ׵ģҧŴӡ
Ҷ˵СѾͷСѾͷŵ㣬ǸСأǲ֪˭ŪģȻһΣյСɱħ
ʵҶóС϶ƱƵĺӣԭʮֵļ򵥣ƱƻǸӣôһأ
ȻҲųûŮҲӣΣҶһҾĹ۲죬ƱƻǺʶԲ裬ĸŮ֮ʶС飬޷αװģ㣬ƱǸݼܸߵŮˡ
СŮ˭ʶպĿʮ۰СѾͷոɱˣôۣʲô治̵顣
ңһ뵽ղž̵ӣ֪СѾͷһܹʲôµĴ̼ŻӵģÿһСѾͷ
ôģҶҲôģºѩǾ͸˵ˣǸĵشŮӣСѾͷϧòУ
ҶЦ˵ͼһΣһ졣СǺϲѩڼû¶Сˣѽ
֪˭šһ£ҲŮǶЦҶҶһ˵ʲô棬ǸСֲǳԺ˱Ҳ˵氡ҪĻˣҲġСһﳤɰҰɣұؼˣ
ǸҰɡ
Ҫ
Уҵģ
ǵġ
ºѩУҶЦŶԻڻԵС˵Сһ̫˰Ѱɣأ
ҶСϰһ£СһﳤŨܵĽë˼£۾ͻȻˣһ£һҶŵþһ˹ȥ
ҶЦºѩɿĽС˻ͣ˳ȥ˺š
նӺĳϴ໵ºѩߣǸСѾͷϾһڣ۾£ĵСֶ˵ÿɰСðҺϲ㣬Ұɣ˯ûʲôءǲ죡
166鵤
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ҶʮֵΣǵһĲܻӭʹʮֵƣЩ޿κΣ˼Ұװͱһ˵ͷԼƵģ仹
ŮЦºѩСѾͷСֶͰ͵˵ССãǸǸ粻ǡˣᡣ˺㡣ġСѾͷ¶˰СɻĿƺЩ˵ôѾ
һԵͻȻְСѾͷѩ׷۵СһڣŪСѾͷҪޣ۾ɵĿСȻ
Це˵Сãÿɰϲ㣬ؼҺòãصļ֮󣬾ܼˣ˸ŽﻵĹâȻͷûлʲô̫õ⡣
СѾͷͷºѩĻСֶץĸ첲˵Ƕǻˣˡ裬£裬¡ºѩĻ꣬Ǽ˭ͽ˭衣
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ºѩҡСѾͷСѾͷһ֮󣬾ͰСֶҲ˿żһһէģץºѩߵƵġ
ŮһĻرܰͷţҪԼһƯǸǶôõһ鰡
֪䣬Ѿ˲ºͬºѩСѾͷ˳ҶҲ˳ҪӹǸСѾͷºѩЪЪֻó˵绰һº룬һİĺ룬üͷͨ˵绰
ãλҶߵһԵӰºѩͼŮ߽ԼҵԺӣʵ
˭ҪҪҪĶ˵һЩɳƵǴжϣҶʲôҲжϲ
ʲôҪĶҶһ۲Զļڣø͵ζ
һӣһССһš
֪ˣʲôطҶûöԷ˵꣬˻ͷԷԥ˵һַȻ͹Ҷ˵绰
ҶҶ˵绰͸ºѩһϢȻԼȥ
һ·ϻ˳һСʱҶ͵˱һСӶͷиԺӣĳԺſڣžԶ򿪣ѳ˽ȥ
Ժһ߷ﶼƻͨԺźüҲҶҪ߼Ķࡣ
һ˴ӷ˳ĮɨҶһۣ۾ʾߡ
Ҷһߴطһ߾͸ݿЩŹֵ߽һӣһˣһֵǽϣװ޵ʮּӣȴ쳣ݻŷͼһۺͼ
ҶһǷͼ۾ʱһ£ͻȻʶһЩʲôʱĴˣһСŮ˳һСֶһơ
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Ҷ߽ţ·Ůߵʱᵽһ㡣һŮͬѩһ㾧Ө͸ļʱ뵽һʫǱ޺ˮů
뷨ʮֵͻأҶԼЩŹ֣ǸŮ಻߰ӣܻ뵽һЩ߰¶ǣô뵽Щ޵ʫأ
ҶЩĪҲֻһɲǣһͷһˣǰŵǸӵʱãԼˣղŵǵС˼һ˲ɢټ
Ҷһֺĸоָоֻǣ鵤ҩʱ򣬲ŻڣʣǸ棬ŵһ鵤
ҶԴʮֵȷţֻףΪʲôԷ֪Ҫ£֪ܵˣ̣ڶ˶ûУѵ̸ߡǰͷ
𣿶ԴˣҶʮֵĻɡ
ҽģ㲻ûɣһҴ绰㣬ҾˣΪʲôҪҵĿǷΧ֮ڡͷϲľ˵ⷬҶеһʡ
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ҶʣǸ˭ͷͿ͸˼˵˭ǲ˵ģû񣬶ԷҲûиȨԣͱˡ
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ҶɨһͷǸԵЩŵСӣ˺£ܱ΢һЩ˼ⶫʮа˾СӵģƲ⡣
ҶĿֻСӵһ˲ƿˣרעĿͷ˺ӣ¶ССС˿һӡ
ӨӨһ֣䶼ɫҶĿͷȴֻǿһ֮󣬾ͱ۾ȥǿӣƵĳ
Ҷ˵ͷСӽСŪãʧǰҶʵǮӣڱصá
Сӿ˿ͷͷ۾һָҶ˵һ򣿡
ͷҡͷˣһǧ򣡡ңĴӶʱֳһЩ龰Ȼһһطһ龰Ǹһӡ
ͷ˵ӣ˵㲻ǮȻб˻ǮҪҼǮߡѾᣬԼղסǸҲֲˡ˵ɣҪǲҪ
ҶСӣ˵ӦİɣҸѡһһұ֤İȫһݴǰ;ĹԺ׬һ򡣡ڶҸһǧ򣬻ͷҲ㣬Ҳ㣬ʲôò˵ȥѡһ
û˵ֱ۾˿ͷ֪ǵԼã֮˵ʲô֤ҵİȫܸʲôĹҿ׬һ򣿡
Ҷ˵ȻҪȻҲ˵ⷬҪܹҵεˣҲԸһǧ򣬿һܲ߳ԺӣҿһҵĹ˾Ǹ׳գԺ󣬹Ƿֺ죬ҲõĻ׬øࡣҸӵʱ俼ǣǺ˸һ
Ҷ˵꣬վߵһԵĴԱߣȥ㡣һ֮󣬳˳ֱ˵ʮӣ
ҡҸˣҪһԼţһ㹫˾Ĺɷҧҧ
ҶعͷһۣһЦܺãɽ˵꣬ͻȻһץһɣֶѾ˼ҵ
ʵҪģֻ̫Сӣ㻹ҪĶԺһĻᣡҶ˺ӣóǸСһģǸСˣǿ
ͷЩ𾪵ĿҶȴһЦһɫĹâͻָ˸鶦һǶĻָԭ״ҶаϲСŻ˺֮󶪸ͷ˵ˣǸȣʮ겻˵һ˰ɣʡõʱ㵹ù
ӹ˺ӣЩŵĿҶҶͽ˵ǺģǸһʮĲƷ˲νˡˣҲϻˣŵĻȥǼν㣡
Ҷһ·ļ򣬽һͷ˰֣ӵԵɵɵķˡ
ֱҶ֮󣬲Ŵ򿪺ӣСֿᣬӽҳһС¯ӣ¯ϷһŶǸСŵ˹Ŷ棬ִӽһ̳ˮһЩȥͿʼ
˲һӣǶճҺ壬ᣬüͷһ֮󣬻ŪһЩһЩˮҡ֮󣬺Ƚ˶
еҺ嶼˽ɫʱɫʼҿϻһһĻͻȻЦ
Ц˵ͷŪԺӵ˶ͷûš
Ժ棬ҶԵķ˵ôûƭ˰ɣǸͷЦãɵƵģ˻ڶеЦСӣԺúõĸҸɣҲڵģҪǸҸ·ӣһһӣҶ˵ŻķŤ黨Ť˻ȥ÷ηڮ
ңҲģ磬Ժ͸˼һˡ磬ǸǮСˣһ㶼ҵǮҪõֵģɲܹź£ðΣ׬ǮҪˣ
ҶӸһſ˵Լȥһɣǣδ䣬Ѿһ̵ɳ۶ȥ
168
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С蹷֪ôģȻʱû˯£ȻָСӣҪΪһŹ㣬㣬ԵʣñرĲãڶ˹Ҫҵľʧ;ʧĻҾ͸ûûˡ
С蹷ûӿڴｫԼʣµֽӸʵ˵Ļȥͬʱ˳ҰŴϣ档
СŮԾĿʵû뵽ȻһӦʵǳ֮⡣
ǣŻǶǮСѾͷĴ۾Цг¡ϲǮ˭ҪܸǮܡ˭¶ɰЦ
С蹷Ǯĵ˵ðҾˣ㻹Ǹˣлл⳥˵žҪߣǷȴסƨšһѡ
Ůһ㶣żС蹷йҿķӦ׼Ҫųë
ȵŮˣĶצҪ˹Ů˵Ҹô⳥ѣܵҪõһЩʵݲаɣҲԲĻҲͲǷʲôҪҸǮҡ
쵰åҪɱ㡣ŮȻĸҲûѡȥŷչ
ԸһСһʵǲѴֻ֮һͽԼĻѣŮĸˣҧǳʵС蹷
˺һһľƣ߶ⳡճ־õսſС蹷ŮѾ۵ûˣĿĻĴŴ
ŻŮʮֵˣͻȻһǿҵĳ嶯һڣŭĿӵʱ˵ҹɣ㣡
Ů˺һͻȻЦ㣬ƾʲôңƾҵСǮҪҵˣзгһҪмʮĴÿµ뻹Ҫ𣿡
СͻȻЦЦ֮˵ǰ⣬ڣһⶼûСȻѾҪҹǲҲҪһЩϢʲôĲаЦЩа
еģеģſңˣҲŲĻأóŷ֤ݡҷˣΪԼͲһĶ֡
ͻȻſ˵߰ɣԺòҪһ˵ķ䣬ͷ⣬ǸˣֻǸһѵ߰ɡ
ŮȴûߡһͷĿŷ˵ҪǮĻҾһˡ
Щ죬ͷƤߣȣʵļٵİ
ȻģҲЩˣҲҸСһԸ㣬ޱȣ㣬ûеڶءҪÿ¸򣡡Ů۾ǵ˷š
ƲƲ죺㳤òһǲҲ̫һЩʵԣŮϸֵǮģ˵ԺЩŮÿء
Ůһѣ˵ͷſңһͷȥһͷȥһʮ򶼸ңôŰ˵ˣܲóЩǮ¶ء
ûν򣬲ϣֵۣãµóϡŮҧһڣ졣
ڷﳶһһʰһ£һҹ뿪ס˾Ƶꡣ

Ҷ֮󣬾Ϳų뿪֣һ·ֳ֮һЦʵ֪ȻһĻĳֻ֣ǣû뵽һĻô͵
Ҷ˷ĴϣɿĽڳﴩ󣬲Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ͽǼͶԶԶĺ档
ĽˣôһƽҹʵȻˡҶոֵĽʱ򣬾ͿԱмڵĳ˹
ҶǼĳƣ۾ʱǳ£ЩСһúõһȨҹǲ
֮ϣôݺݵײһ𣬺¡ľУҶȴûгΪıеͣǳ©֮㡣
Ҷ׵ĳĶ˼ĳײԼԼ˵һЩССĿģͷųЩҲ̶õƳЦ˼а⡣
169
Ҷۺ뿪ǴطһȥһطǵҶƺСĬĬҲڼһģһһȥͬһط
˾ƺһЩʲôȻҲһЩԡʵҶƺҶ۶Ѿ֪ԷǰǸطһͬһĵط
һʮ·ڣǶ˾ʵһĻҶӼײѳһĻ
СĬĬֱﶼסԼС𾪵ĿǰһĻǼѾײ˷ĳѪģˣЩЩ㤡
β׷һƬҵĳﴩϢɷĽֵһֱ׷ɪĽֵ
ҶźһɭԱߵʱͣԼĳ³˳ԣźͣĳͳ̣ƵĵϣЦ̵ĳţڵĺܡ
˶˳˶Щ֪Ϊ̡
վĬãҶƺҶ۵ֻͬʱͬʱ˵绰ּ֮ͬʱԼĵ绰
Ҷǵɫ֪һҪһЩʲô顣ֽͷ˵ɣô;ôҪ
ǣȴ´ˣΪܿ뿪ˡҶЩЦõĿβƣε˳ﳤȥ
ҶصԼļʱѾĲҹºѩţڵҶúõһ
ԼСʱԺҶͻȻ˹оһΣڿٵĽӽָо˵˵ǿңòϽȻ뿪Ժӡ
ҶͻȻûлأ

뿪˷ȼٴ֮ͷܣֱǲ벻Լ¶֪ĻͲѡ
Щججģ֪Լô뿪Ķȼٴ壬һֱߵСƹݣҪЩƲˣ
˾ƵʱѾȵŲĵ߳˾ƹݣʵĿ泵ˮƻԻ͵ĽУһǳһŵ˴֡
˵鲻õʱǰţ֪ԼŲˡͷЩԺ
ҹЩ䣬ҹ紵ԴӵԺŲӵƮΪԼֱߣʵȴߣεߣ·ϺööˣúĿ⿴
ббڽϵײײĺţмΣŪʮֵǱ·ͷͣôǸմڽȶ˵ӡ
л㱵˱˵ӣںӾӣӣ˵ǣ˵ǣһвΪ˵ļ仰ı䣬棬ǸĲӡ
ײ˼ˣ֪˭ڽϺһ٣ĶҲˣףأԵĹɵЦˣⲻǼ𣬸˴˲ž
Լģǵһ֡ͬʱҲŮ¼ԺҪٰŮ˵¶˶ӣ
ײһˣͷҲ̧˵ɣ㣬һǮûˣҪ㣬У
ǣԷûдļ򣬷סҡҡ׹壬˵СӣǸأôôûϢûȹ𣿡
ͦ죬̧ͷǸˣЩӡ󣬿ϧԴģ벻˭
ִһԼԴɵǺǵЦ˵λ磬ʶʶ˭㣿
ԷһѼסһһϳ֮˯ˣ˯ò̤ʵʱֿЦŪһıᣬټԭѪգǲҲ̶á
һԼϺůʪ۾һŮëĸ
Ů΢ЦתͷȥԱ߰Ľţԭһư͡
ˣȵɡϴʦ˴ߣʮº͵˵
Ůһߵ϶˹һζ㣬֮󣬾;öˣﹾĽ
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Ͽһ꣬Ц˵ɤӹҪܺã˺ð졣СӣǰɷôһתͱأǲǸ⣿
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Ҷ˷˵ⲻ˵ķϻҪǲܾȥղ˵ôķϻﰡˣȰˣϾ;
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Ҷ˴Լķӵʱ֮󣬿һºɫ֪ҩѾЧã˵ˣŰɣϾͿʼ㣡
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С˵ϣܿʮֵ欣ҶЦʮֵа񣬺ЩǿСʱı顣
ǸС˶ȻҲҶĲ⣬ƴĶȴô㲻Ŀ⣬ŵ֨֨Уһľֻţ
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ҶԵŮЩ飬ԼǰͱüȥЩզء
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ƱƵĸΪĶĳﰲˣ˵ĿⶼϣЩɣΪĸ㵹
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ҶĵЩƵƬϷΪ֣һΨĳһƱƷй龰
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ҶЩɻǣȻѾõǺ鵤ҩɲ֪Ϊʲôûнͽһ㾳ʱ򣬴Ĳͬ
Ҷ˼תʱͻȻ䷢Ǹ̵㲻ǰǰƱĻƶĵƶϡ
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ĳһЦ￴˱СѾͷҶҿ˿ɫʵҶǳʲô¶
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ҶֻЦҡҡͷûж˵ʲô̧ʾЦ·͸˺棬һ߽˻档
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СҲɵˣǵθѻỹһڰô¶أѵСԼŵĻڣǿֲ̫ȻҲһʮɻͳԾ顣
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Ҷû˵һ仰ֻͬȰźõһǼ׸趼嵽Ʊݳļ϶һ׽һ׵ĳ裬Ȼܺãѩ׵СֶͣŰƣӴü׼ȷֳ˶ʮֵҡ
΢ɲ죬ƶ̨ϳ˺üСƱʱʶ鲻ԾҪҶһߣ⼸ǹʮа˾Žˣ룬ҲǸ
Ʊɫ䣬ԭѩ׵Ӹǰ׵ֽʱݳˣǹûҶ뱧˺̨
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ҶȻԼùϵһ㣬ֻ棬ҹүҲҶǸСѾͷҪ˵ҹҺҵĴҳˣûһã򻹴򲻵ã廹ú壬˸еͷۣ
ҹүҲֻҪ漰¶ҺҪǲСըҩǺг̶ȣֱĩպͳجν١
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֪ģѾҹʱ֣Ҷºѩһ뿪˶ȼٴ壬ҪҸطȥҹʱѾûмҲţҶĽ֮£˾ȥסԼַʳ
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ôûڼҰտſյıӽıóƿϷָ˴ңԼҲһƿֺ
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ŮǶչҶǰÿһ˫СѾԼķ飬޲ˡ
֪ǲΪҹļŮĺЩ̫Լ˵ķ羰ԽԽҶҰ֣۸
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Ҷͷʱһů̧ͷһۣſ˺һ˵벻СҲЩġΪԭĻ¶
ҶĻë˲֣׽ס۵Сֶˮͷϴϴëɡ
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ĸŮϴö˾úȵӾװӾװҿ϶ƳģΪľǸ޷⡣ҪŮƵģŮҪôǰٺϻҪôͲǺܹصŮӡ
ͱոҶúܲڣһҪȥӾҲԸ鷳ȥ·Ҳ͵ڣͷԷ̸Ц
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ҶֳһУÿÿҶ˵ĸоǾ棬ҲǾϲճյĿҶɣ顣
СΪʲôôأҶͻȻҶСֶĸӣôᣬΣҶú
Ҷʣ㣬ΪʲôأҶҲǺܺð˶ԼŮˣ𣿡
Ҷû˵ֻǴԼ㴽Ҷһ۵ǡ
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ҶԼδйܶ룬ô벻ҶһӢевŻгɫ֮֡ܳɫϧ
źǣѾŮѣңһҪǲģֻѣǸһôõ¶
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ҶǺܸȤǿűһӺ绨գӦڱյָȥһӾ㣬ȥԺյӾرߣˮ㣬һЦԾˮС
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Ҷ˵绰֮󣬸䣬ɫǴ䣬ºѩմԡɫҲ˲еңǵʵϹôˣ
ӡӸ˴һǹţǵȥҽԺҶЩºѩ˵־ߡ
ĸŮҲҶĻһҽԺ
Ҷһٶ˽ҽԺϤֱ˼ҵ棬ѾǰȺ֮ɫ
ҶվҪ˵ϴʦһŮ첽ԶʹʵСôˣ˭ɵģ
ǿһۣתͷҶǣ˵ϣմûжԶ͸ĦеķɳˡȺˣǻûзʲôԷĳ̫ˣң̫ˣ
ҶһջǸȻ˵磬¶㣬һᴦõġҧĿ˵ûκһˣ˺ҵֵ֮󣬻û¶
˵ݻ͵һԲͨ˵绰Ŵ˺ü绰֮Ҷ˵绰ʱҵŴˣҽ˳˻ΧȥһƣҡҡͷȻ˵ԲѾˣ
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ǺͰ϶ˣСεüͷ壬ĸŮЩˣ
Ҷȴƿҵ˽ȥ漴ҽʿ˳֪Ҫʲô˴̼ˣ
ǲʮ֮Ҷ߳ңºѩǵ˵ɣѾû¶ˣ
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̨ѾֻɫЩ԰׵ĻߣѾɵˣҡһԴ۾߹ȥ꣬ļؿںԴܿʹ漣漣
ҲңѾû¶ڳԼ΢Цϲѣͷ˵ʲôĸоˡ
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ôˣʲôطɻ󲻽ĿЩˣط񾭲һͣԼԴؿڵҽ
ҶЩƣ˹˵¶һȥ˵뿪ɡ˿Ѿû¶ˣһܹ˵ĺۼûУӵ뿪ҽԺ
Ҷ󣬰֮Ҫ뿪ȴס˵Ҷʲôʱ̸ܺһ£
Ҷһ㶣һ˵ʲôʱ̸һ㸺ġĻСֶסһ˵Ҳ˵Ժ飬͵ʲôûз
˵꣬ת߽ҽԺĴţͷҲص˵Ҫȥϰˣһ绰ģʱ㲻ѡ
ҶشıӰѾʧ˴棬̾˿תͺգɱڼʻڼĺ档
ϣǻºѩڣҶϳֻ֮˵绰˵˼仰͹ҶˣЦŶԻ˵ӣĳҽϾͰ㱨죬Ϣ
жĿҶģѾ֪ԼһΣҪǶ磬ѾǸˡҡͷ˵磬ȲҪˣǸҪɱҵˣǲ𣡡
ô֪ǲӡЩ֮飬˽⡣
˵ֻǸϳҲзݶ񣬻һӵĴҲ˽֮ҪɱңΪ˲¶
Ҷļͷһģ۾ſ˵ӣͲҪˣǲǳģǳġȻǲ򵥣ҲǳԴ׵ģѪ
Ҫ˵ºѩ˵ССܣǻᴦõģ㡣㲻ҪҲ¶˼ᶨɫƽŴྶͥ
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ҶºѩһǲʶԽԽˣСÿ춼ڳɳ
ðɣҺɩӾͲˣԼҶ뷨ºѩһжϹģѾͷҲŵ˵ͷ
ǺͰ϶һۣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷӿɽ̣⺢ǰ;
ŮҲа̾ı仯¸Сӣÿ춼ڳɳҶһÿοܷһЩµĶѹ֣ǸǶ
Ҷ˼绰֮󣬶˵ϢѾˣԺ¶ͿԼˡӣҪףʱãֻñΪ۸Ǳ䱾鷳ءԼģұҪһЩɫʵ㡣
Ҷ˵֮󣬾ʹһ绰ֻ˵һ֣ɱʱɱ죬ʮֵˡ
Ҷµ绰ͻȻһţ˶֪ôˣ˵ˣڹأȥ޳ʲôأ
һ㶣ŶһЦӸȥˮ԰ȻҶʱСѾͷڿصĿޣȴΪûڼңΪšŮĵ˹ᶯƬ
ŮҶЦòУǺأҶºѩţҲ᲻ºѩСء
Ҷ컹кܶҪһºѩ֮󣬿ԼĳǺаС뿪ˮ԰ǶﱣºѩûС
磬ղŶˣûȥһλˣǲǿԽһɩӰҶͻȻǵλŮѣղȥҽԺʱ˳·һۡ
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üͷĴ򿪣ǺҶ˽ǣɫûʲôʱһͷůģֽҸĶܼʡ
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ҶɩӣҲûбֳҸиŨҪǰҡ˴Ц˵öˣлҡ
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ҶҲһ죬ʳǿûоöôΡĶ˵ҺͽǲڴܣϷأˣǿأ
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ŮǵĶᣬҶҲ;úһЩĦҶֿ˿ŮСԴɻ˵ǰְ֣ΪʲôͽϷʱ򣬽ǶеĺܲأУְΪʲôҪ
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༶ǣһ̶ֹͣ˺ĿɿڴĿŰ༶ſڵŮŮüͷ壬õ߽˽ңĿбӵߵҶߣüͷһ£мĿҶһۣӯӯ
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ĺʿˮˣԲֹһˣǣҲͬĶ
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༶ֿˣһʮƯɰͬһŮſɰС˽ͷŸء
ҶһŮ̾Ͱͷ£Ůղſ˼Сƨƨ޷
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Ҷͷһ˫ɫ˿СƤѥȣᵽһɵŶ˵ζţᵽһʶϤζһ˫Ⱥһ˫СЬŮСţСŶȻ̧ĲĽϣҸʮŤת
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СӣǲΪܵĿ죬ҾҲ˰˵ڸˣܵùӵĺǣҲӲҵģҶѩԼСƣճһѩѩ׵СȭͷһҶǰ˻Ρ
ͬʱҶĽϻûСŵĳͷԼĽűѾЩľˣҪս͸ѽŲˣ
ͬѧ˵ʲôһ㶼ףҶװ޹ӣʮƵĿһͺܱŮ
СӣҪװɵ㣡
ʲôңͬѧܹ˵ЩôҶһ𣿻Уǵİ༶ǵİ༶ʲô
ҶѩڷŹҶĽţʵ֮ģĽ̫ӲСѾ̫ۣоܲ
СӣҪΪװ޹ҾͻᱻƭȥҾ༶ģҵɡղ͵ҶѩС˵һԵ飬ҶЩɫͻȻʶԼܰѸղŵ˵ǣܵŴͥ˵
һ룬ҶѩЩҶѸղ¶˵ȥˣҪԼղŵ˵ǿɶˣ
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ģ治㣬ǵңҵףҶѩһ֮ϸӵĺˣףԼ⻰ȸղŵǻǷǣ档
ҶŮСһ£ŮҧһһȥԶĺҪγѪһ
ҶѩղĿҶСֶָ涵ĿĶУȴƫƫһ仰˵
ߣ޳֮ͽ
Ҷڵ⣬ߵСŮͻȻú˵ޱȵ
ﲻҶúԱߵҶѩȫ༶ͬѧҲ
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ûʾĿ߸ľưѩǸ߰飬ǹȴֻһūһ
ȫ˶ڵſϷһЩ˵Ӣ۾úõȡһŮĺøУҶС
ҶѩΪԼͷһԿ֡λԱߵǸϣҶλֻһľ롣
ҶܲϲŮĿ⣬ƤЦͻȻ˵˵޳ܣ㻹ûʸ񡣶޳ܻǲ޳ܣҲûеʸ񡣡һ޳أþ˼ĹƵġ
žһҶһƣûдֻ֣һ׽סֻСܷܷ֣һգ޹ǵСֶʱͱ״
ſң۵ǵһθ۸һֻСֶҲ˳һƴ˹
ҶĽһֻСֶҲסˮƵСֶñΣȫͬѧ죬治ǸˣôͺݵĶһεεСŮºأ
ҶĻǲǸ˰۸Ůʲô¡ĸҷſҲ೤˹ĵĿҶһȻޱȵı顣
ҶûдԱߵȴվмĿ˻һۣݣգ̫Լ̲˰Ǹư೤㻹˭𣿡
ӣĺ˭˵أתͷݺݵĿ裬֮ìܿɲһˣìܲһһ
196
ҶͿŲ˳ˡУûκαҲûʲôǮӣͲóѧУӦڵ£
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ȻѧУǲʲôֵ̾ݣܶ˶ʮֵĲмϾһ˶飬նҶӵĲˣ˹ʺˣôֵܹǡ
ҪȥҶͻȻ䶯ˣſСֶ̧־һ⣬ȵ÷˳ȥŴʯĵϣͷײϣʱʹԺֱۣðǣ
Ҷһιִˣ趼ɵˡҶѩҲЩɵۣȫͬѧҲһƴɵˣ
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ǣԭģ޴뷨ԭмģЩˡ
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ҶվԼкǸˣȴûǶԼͷԼ󣬵Ŀ⼸ˣ˵ǣҾͲ³çĶ֣Ȳ˵ǸͲҵĶ֣ܹҳЩѧУǳѧУǶռˣ
ҶĻûЩ֣ͣЧֻ׾ٵĽǶ̵ڵϵļ꣬û˼ģС̫ûսˡ
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˵ǵ۹ѧԺÿһĶԿаĿҶźùΪʲôҪ˵ѵҪμӽԿ
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źùĵ˵ͷʾ⡣ĬһЦ˵⣬ʵҾ㲢ҪѵֻҪμӱͺˣ
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Ҷɲܱ˸˻߲ˣͷǺܸˡղźʦ̸˲ٵĺôʮֵĿġ
֮ҶóԼ鱾ĬĬĿԵŮ￴ԼտյţٿԵ꣬üͷ
̫ϲѧУҲϲڡĶڹ⣬Źɵüͷĸ
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ྪĹȻߵҶǰ棬ߵŮС鱾ҵİ༶¥ϣʱȥҡ
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ྪĺЦ˵ͷð͵ء˵껰תˣʼգûпҶһۡ
Ҳˣȵྪ֮ϵ鱾üͷĺܲϲ顣㣬ѣ
ϿԹÿʱ˲ɵׯ
һڿǰʦĿΣ֮󣬷һʮּĽȻͿʼĵ۹ѧʷ
һڿδҴҶ¿ʦ֮Ҷ͸߳˽ң˽ѧ¥Сóһ·ݸҶһ
ҶûдֱӴӿڴóԼı̺ͻƵĵȼ
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պͼĸߴ˹ǼѧУЩĻ졣ߵҶǰյ˵裬Ҷˣѧ֮ȥɽҪث֣ǿԲȥ
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һ̣Ҷ͸µĻص˽ңʱȻҶЩп꣬飡
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Ҷ˵۹Ƶ߽꣬ˣպǼ죬мŮӡ
տЦݵͻȻ۾һתֳָһĨЦ⣬Եһݸ˵һ仰
Ǹݸߵ˴ԼҲͱȻմϼ꣬ʮͷӡһҶ裬Ŀ͸ݶͬӥһϬԣ
198³ȳ
Ҷɨ˻պǸˣһԴݵ˹ȥȴ˵סȥ·
Сӣұܵӣ˺ݺݵĶҶе֮ɫ
ſھҪҶȴûڣĸ첲һ£ƽĿˣ˵ңôˣ
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˵ȷʵǺͨ˱Ǳ˵Ͳһϡ
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һֱܾҶľ棬ʵ̫ˣ
ڻûסģҶʵҶ㡣Ҷֱҡҡ֣Ц˵Щ˵ʱһὲ
Ҷ˵Ҳûʡתע˲˵ϣûп˲ٵĺòˣһת۵Ĺ򣬾͵ǧǮζȡ
⻹˵ȽϺҪݵطҪǻǧģֱСһ
Ҷ˲ˣոճûڣҶֻֻһ£ͨ˵绰˵֮󣬾üͷ
ҶҶ˵绰֮󣬱Ǹ˵ӣ԰ɣм¶Ҫȥ죡˵꣬ȥǩ˵żæŵĴˡ
̾˿˿һӵζ˿ڿˮԴ
Ҷڳ⳵ϣó绰ιȳȣô¶ղųȳȴ绰˵ĹʱЩ飬ǵֻֻˣأֻҶ
ȳȣ㾿˵׼ȷĵַ
ڱأиɽиˮ̶˵ˣϿɣ
Ҷ˵绰˾˵ȥ̶ܶ˾Ӧһ˵֪ˣһţ⳵
⳵ֻ˰·Ҷ˳֣Լķʽܿ͵̶ҵǸɽ
ǸܶʮֵҶܹõǸɽĳһЩѰڶĺΣա
Ҷ߽ܶ͸˽סˣƽ⣬һץһССıҶУ⡣
ССıҶʮڶ쾳õĶڻûŪȫ;֪ǣװ
ҶܹװĶޣֻװһЩС˵ǩ֮С
ͷװŵĵȻǩҶǸ롣벻֪ôĶܷǱҪóԭ鷳˲֪ٱ
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С椶ҿ㻹ߣȳȣôɰְүҪųȳȵζװ۵ģһʮֵһŰаĿųȳȣһͷСĴǡ
ȳѾЩˣǱֵú侲ݵ˵ģûǲҪ룬ҿɲЩ۸ŪŮˣҵϰǲҪǸôְֶᵹù֪׳ŮҵѣϰŮѵĹۣɣǵ𣿡
һ㶣Ȼ͸аЦ˵СѾͷŻ˭أҸ˵˵˵Ĳģ˵ģأԼ᧿ΣˣʲôЩС¶أСѾͷǺúõķүɣֻҪүˣһҲģ
ȳ⻰һҶ⻰Ҳüͷһ塣֪˵ĻЩ죬ȷʵһЩ¶
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Ҷ뵽ЩЩءѾҹҵү˻飬ڻûдӽȻ绰˵û¶鲻ôļ򵥡
뵽ҹҵǸܹϵŮиӵѹ֣Խĵͳ
Σǰô֪أ˭Ҷʮֵɻ󲻽⡣
ܣ˵ȳԼĴΪļ
ܲܣȱүˬˣҪñүͷˣүͷȥһ£֪ôˣڵ˵ӣԴʮֵš
ˬˣҪûˣҶӺڰ˳Ǹɸ˵ϴһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ֻʣһ˻վţ仯̫죬Щˡ
ϵľһţҶĵЦ˵Ҷɣĺ㣬ܹҵôŮߣһ㻹治һܹ顣ҪΪںȭϱֳʵͿԶԸңŪˣСˣӶҲǺ˼ԺҵˣЩˣҲΪҵĶ
磡ȳȿҶͷʱһ¶˿ĵЦһ˫Сֲסĸ첲ȸԾСŮ
ҶĳȳȵСֶСѾͷʱһ죬һĨɬͻϲĿˣʲô֣Һ벻ǵýôһ
˶ҶЩ̵Ļûбֳ̫мĿҶ޷̵˵ҶӲʶС顣֮λã֮ͻԻʱǴС㻹Ǹˣ
ҶſЦˣĬǻصָ룬ѾȻ˳ȥһɲǼʹ˵üģ
Ҷûʧֵʱÿγ֣ȻɹƵСֲõԤУʧ֣
ȻҶǸ룬ۼҪ̵üϵʱ˵ָһ飬ָ⣬΢΢Ծ˼£Ȼ
Ҷ˵ˣҶ㼿ûǲҪҵǰ£ûκεã˿˷һҵʱ⣡˿ָǸ룬ĵĿҶаĿɨһҶԵĳȳȡ
ҶͻȻ¶һصЦݣžһһָָǸ룬ͻȻһöâ̵Ķұʮֵľ޴һʱûзӦ۵ļ죬йͷѾâ̵ĶŪѪģûˣ
ȳȺǸŮŵ÷һУϽסȳȸǰСԶǸĻ
ҶָǴ˴죬ǸǴ̵ĴֱǸ룬صָ⣬ûѪۣâ˸¡
ҶĳȳȵСԴЦ˵û¶ˣ¡߰ɣҲ̫ϲѪֳܵҪץʱ뿪ط
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ǸŮɵˣҲϽҶͳȳȵܴߵĸţһӶµĵطͣ
ǣûжԶҶüͷͻȻһ壬оЩԾԶͻȻޱȵʲôҰ޵ܶﲻϵƮ
ȳȺŮŵСɷףҶ·ҳǸ۾գգһ£
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ȴһëԴϻһǣôС˵вŻֵĹ
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ҶȴŲæóԼǸ룬һӣ޷Գһ˲ͱһصİͷݺݵ˹ͷϣ
ۡ
꣡
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ҶеӶĻţͣǸﻹûϣ֮䣬ٿǸѾ⣬ǳһ̲⽴
ҶеֱǸ룬ûָ⡣סߵ⽴ԱߣϸĹ۲ţͻȻһָһһץһСԲƬС
200·ƻ
һĳֵԪСԲƬϻһЩֺͻƣ֪Ǹʲô
ҶһͻȻֳһĨ΢ЦⲻǴ˵еоƬĻܵͣͲš
ҶǸСԲƬ˳ȳȣŮѸٵ뿪ܶܶ棬Ѿӿ˹ȻӶʱһ
˳һ̶ûͣѸٵ뿪Ƿ֮أ
ҶȳȺǸŮ͵˸ԵļϢܾ˳ȳȵ룬ûȥҺȲ裬Ӹܾݵ㡣
ܾݵ㣬ӿ뿪Ҷ߽Ժӣ˷š˷ͨµܵȥ
˵¹ֻһͷǶһѿ̵һľͷʯͷ⡣
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νľľֱӱ˵£˺ӵ֮ೱʪĵطأڻʯһĶľͷʯͷһΪĵ̲ϡ
ͷҶһۣ˵۾ῴⲻڵ¯𣿡ȻѾƣ˫ȴӨûһ˥ϵļ󣬸һеҵϢ
ҶڨڨһЦϷŵǰŵĿ̵ɿľϵţһĹһֻӸŵ¯ȵվϡ
ͷֻֻһСأҶõǸ¯ʮֵĲ˵Сʲô˼㺮Ұ
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ҶǸСԲƬ˳̯˵ͷ㿴첻
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տɵˣһ½ЩԱһѶҶҪŽȥȴס˵ｻҺˣȥɣһˣЩˣҪȥæ
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һ߼ֻһŲһͷ׵棬վźüˣһغꡣ
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ݸһЦ㿴㣬ôҶһ㣬ˣѵҷǵö䵭һЩž𣿡
ҶҡͷҿûôֻǾЩͬѰѩһѩӣһڣ罿һᣬСֶϵĿˮӡĨ
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ߵĺ䣬ŪŮ﷼ƺһ㶣ʧķվ˺һֹһ񾭲ȥæԼ̯¶ȥˡ
ϣҪֵ࣬Է⣬ҽԺҶ򳵵ҽԺһЩտ˳ҽԺķһЩ࣬ŮǿģֽҶһźСȥ֡
Ҷֵʱ򣬱ѾѶˣҪؼҡ°࣬ʮֵĿģСǿޱȣǳҶ˰ְ֣ҲΪֽװŵտҲǳϲտҲĸŮˣ
С㳵أҶ⳵ģʵҶ˵˸ղŵ¶ûἰǸŮǸ֮ϸڣԳԳһЦС˵ؿ˲ӣǸŮǽ͵Ľ˵㣬ˣҪعأһ㲻ʹ
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ͷӺûпҶƵģأ塣һ壬ͷ˰СʱڽִӺ뻨׵ͷӮ塣
Сӣ𣿡ӮͷӿҲҶֻ⡣
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á
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ܲͷЦźһڲ裬ͷӣȴһƽ壬ûκεı顣
Ҷû˵ֻʰӣʰϵӣùһԲյһڣһ˵ò裡
СӣȷǺò裬Ҫ˵ʲôò衣Ҫ˵ĻСӣһƾͰзϣԺ󻹸Ҳſںϡ˵Ǹͷӣɭϡ
ҶͷӣͻȻ͵һЦ˳үӣŻ˵ı治ôҲǱ˰
ǸͷӸҶĻŪÿЦã˵۾˵Сӣٷϻ˵ʲô裡
ⲻǱزĴҶ𣿡ҶֲҶϤκһ˶ӵϤΪֲǲ山ɽ
СӣοǴˣСӾǸطˣ軹ƳĶ˵֪ܲ𣿡һͷźЦ״
ҶҲһ㶣Ц˵ѹ֣ҾζôôءүӣǴʲôطõأ
үӹһЦûлش⡣һͷЩƵľһԼĺӣҶǲơ
СӣԼûõ飬ܹС㶪ˡүЦЦһǸͷӵļ򣬽
عͷȹһ裬Ҷ˵Сӣ˵ﻹвٺöأʱŪһЩǾԭ½ðʧ
Ҷ΢Цͷȴ˵ģϲҪģôðʧأҪǲӵطðʧҲûᰡ
ȻҶҲͷʲôϾ˵ʲôɵñʵүӣ˵ĺöָʲôöأöǲ٣ʲôʮϾƣҩƣԭ֭ѾƣԼɽκصȵȡ
ָһĨЦ⣬ͷӶһ̰ӣ֪Լ˵ЩνöͷʮϲĶҲĿģҪľ۲ֻҪ۲ˣлܶ顣
СӣҪˣ죬ҪЩϽЩͷ㲻ҪţƤҿҲǴţˣʮϾƣҩơ㵱ЩˮأҪУЦͷӸź˵
Ҷ֪ͷ漤ʮֵͼɵļĺʮֲɣḻ˵⼤ʵڲһĿЦ˵Լ뷨һͷӸˣǺƲǺֹۣ
үӣǲˣ죬һ֮ڼЩɶǳмֵĺöҪǸõĻҵλǲǡҶһʮΪѵӣͷ
ͷӶһۣͷҶһۣһЦͷٺһЦĿƵĿҶ˵ֻǶ
Ҷǿһ㶼ýšֻǵģȵż˲յֺУͷӰװ׵ĵ˺þõ۾Ͳû۾ɳˣȴһ˿һöûУúʧܣûôʧܹ
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Ҷıգһӡ֤Լǰڳϵ뷨һʲô¶
ţô¶Ϊʲôܺ˵һأҶϧֽΪղȥ˽ϵˮ
ʲôû˵ֻ˽ĻĬĬᡣҶͷ׵ĸоŨ˵飬˵ĻƾôʣҲʲһ
Ҷӵűգüͷû˵ͷȴǷգʲô¶Ϊʲôֵʧ̬˵أ
տ˺һŴĻ̧ͷǰڳʱһЦ˵Ϲõңֻ˵ڣÿ굽ʱҶ
ҶĻ۾˵ţҶ㲻˵ǳ˽⣬Ҳ൱˽⣬ţƭҵġҲǿ㣬ϣܸ˵ʵ
Цݣһ̾ͷĻ˵Ϲĵ㶼ã̫㣬ʵǺᡣϹϻȥҾ͸㣬òã
Ҷԥĵ˵ͷãһڣͻȻЦ绨ĵ˵Ϲ߰ɣۻҪʼˣǸϽȥɡ
ҶţһŮ͵£ʱ·һ룬ֹһ͵һŴĽ档
濴ǹӾţװ޷ȴûʴݻһټУŻ̺֯Ӱ²ʷŮŮڴ̸Ц裬쳣
Ҷͱǣ߽˴һž˵Ŀ⣬ӣＸ˵Ŀ⣬Ͷۼ˵ϡ
С˭ôƿСҲأģôƯŮ飬̫ˣ
ݣ۾ϹŮǱϻҴ𣿸ҴϻС˵ˣǸСˣǸ򵥵𣿡
СˣܲܲСϴΰӵĸˣֿȵѾ첿ȥˣ˵кܶಿŶҪŪȥأСӣɲǺǵĽɫ
һ˹ʺ˵ĳСӰˣ˵ôͿǵģʲô̶ȣ
ģ۾¿˰ɣ㿴ǲӣ·ʱ·͵⣬ʵ֡ʮ˸ȥڻңҪǲŵĻԿ

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Ƕʼ˼˰ɣ˼ҴСӱͷǿٱ꾫бŮ𣿡
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Ҿô˵ͱ҇NNһúõԼĶأ

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յüͷϲ˶ָָ㣬ǣЩ˻˵ĺҪҶߵĻüˡ
ҶߣҲշ쭡Ϊվˣݲ쭣
ϣⲻǱ̴С˼ô˰ҼǵȥͷģǷҲۻ𣿡
˵һŮˣһʮţʮֶׯŮˡǿΣҲ벻Ůͷ˵ôҲׯĻ
ʵ֤Ǿ䡰˲òࡱĹ˵ķǳеǴһ˵жһ˵Ʒк̸һʮִΪҪ˵ȥжһ˵ĺˡ
յü̾͵ˣ澰Ҷǰֻͷûۼǵһ۵üоǴ󳤼ʶ
ѽⲻ簢𣿰̡裬һ겻ˣϻôӲʰǲ˼飬һΪ͵أף裬ʲôʱϵİǲأɵİɣǲ˼ҵ̫ˣȻݶǼٵˣԲ𰡣
ЦˣüҲˣλŮʿСˣ
Ů޵ģǱǵòЦ˵ֱǱȲ֮Ҫƺֱǲԭ£Ҫ
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ûкŮʿһԭα¶Ц绨õıҪ֡
㿴㿴㣬ʲôأҲǲСĿһЦˣô˾ҴСʮֵŮЦҪСֶסСǽһˡ
ҶŮ˻ֻǵԹۣû˵ûʲôı飬ʮֵĴݺƽ
Ҳˣλ˵ĵ治һĶ࣬ӣҪǲ׼Ļǲأ
˾պһķЩ£ܹԸǸƢıϻǶҹյıС㣬ǲ֪βУ
˾Щˣе˶ı󣬿ɻվźüͬһŮأ
ЦҲЦ˵õı̴С˹һǸ򣬾ëûĳСӰɣС㣬ɵĸоǲǺܴ̼ˬˣ
һŴɫĸ߸ŮĵĿűպҶĴЦЩˣҲЦ
ԱߵˣȴûмЦʶյˣ֪λϻǿ治һǡ
ŮôǱգ˶ܹĳ³ҵֵز
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յɷһֶҶҲɱڵĿŮһۣԼŮˣ
գҪΪб꾫ΪΪúһߣ˾ңû¹˭Ůһ΢ЩĿƵŮм˵
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ֹҶ룬΢ЩԴģ֪˾ҵŮǶôĿЦ
յı۹˵ļ壬Ҫ˾ǻ治һεģ̼Ҹ߸죬˾Ǻ£ô󡣡
˵֪η֪ηˣ˵˾Ůˣ
ڴҶڹҪ滹ʲôϷʱ򡣴ͻȻͣƹԽ貣һߵ˴ǰ̨ϣһ̾Ͱţ
Ǹ֪ɵѾͷҶЯǰȥվ̨ĵط
վ̨ϵͷǸղҶЦˣҲǴ˵еġͷӡ֮һ
ԭҶΪͷһˣѾ֪ͷʵˣǸͷӺЦͷӣǡͷӡ
֪ܵˣ࣬ɵǣҶǡǡǺٵһСеһ
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ͷӿԼĻЧ΢΢Ц˵ķӦоȤ
ҶҲʮֵȤȤĲЩ˵ķӦ̨Ǹͷӵı飡
ͷӵĿȺĸϵʱǸ˶ɫ죬ͣʱ΢һǸ˾ͻ٣۾죡
ͷӵĿҶϣζЦݣͻȻ佩һ£СӵϣζЦݡЦоԼǺһСӵɺϷˣ
ͷͻȻ뵽һ䲻֪ʲôطʫϿ羰羰Ͽ㡣
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ͻȻˣ뿪ۻ᲻ãվͻȻʧˣ
ԼΪߵϢȴ벻ҶѾӡǣʱضܿʲôطܹ֪Σա
Ҷڱյ뿪Ҳʱ벻ʲô⡣ȥִһһΣԣִ֮Ϊ˶λΪԼȡһ֮ͬʱҲΪ˼ﲻ˺Ҷ
ҶúңԼŮƽȡһĻᣬκһЩˣһֳ衣
´ʹҶŬ֪ԼվڸߴĻԺ飬õ飬᲻ϵķ
ϧǣҶûüǱֳ顣
ҶҵС¶ˣ
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ˣ˵ʲô¶ˣڻֻ֪ûаءҶЩֵֻ˼ԼĿֽҶʹ֮ˣҶ仰ĿŶȡ
Ҷ룬ҡͷ˵ܵ飬Ȼ֪ǵĹϵҲ㣬ҲеģӦˣ
ġåƭ㣬¶ˣҹҪ죬Ƿ֮ûĻ¸¾ͻ飬Ļ¡Ҷ̾˿˵
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Ҷͣ·ߵĹ㳡ϣڳĬĬĳ̣Ź㳡ϻŮǣûһĻʱôģʮֵѹ֣
Ź㳡ĳҶһ̣һ绰ϧֻѾػˣ˺üζһĽ
Ҷֻų۵糸ĻصסҶºѩѾ˯£ĵƻţ輸ϷһƿƺһЩɹϲȵľƺϲԵĸɹ
ҶŲĵ̺ϣžƶŸɹ¥ĸ¥ҡϣĺžƣЩɹ˫һƣ˼֮󣬰Լ̫Ѩϡ
Ҷ۾Ժгһ΢ģĻ棬һɽһĵطɽɣǰƽ֮нֳһ񣬾Ө͸ıվһɴѩüĿ续ŹŴٵŮ۾һһޱµƣʲôɲ壡
ŻĽӽҶͻȻͷͺһ̣ôǳ֮£Ժеľһģ̶ʧһƬ
Ҷ۾ɫЩףʩչӰʱңĵľܴ󣬶ҲЩˣͷۣܲ
ղҶľпĳôһֵĵطһôһֵıΪʲô̻ڱվأ
ҶŶͷһƣֵһһ룬־úͲô¶ǸĹװŮ˲̵̣ĳһӡǣԴ˺ǸɴŮȻûУңòӵׯأʥǲ̣
ҶԺһЩҲ¶ǽͷöˡϢһ£Ҷת˹ܿͻָһЩٴʩչӰźԺкڰһƬ˯žǻˣ۾еĵǸӵŨ
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ɻɻСʱҶںһ˿ʱ仹磬ЩͣҪҪԼķȥ꣬ٶȻϲ٣룬Ƿ뷨Щһ°ɡ
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̤ǧɽˮ㣬ȴѲڣѰ٣һա
صĵĸƱµһ׸衶ǧɽˮ׸ҶѾܶΣöôĺڴʱ˿̣Ǻ龳йأǾ׸ǳĸˣֱǳԼ棬ĸо
˸̷öûзһҳҶ۾ƺڿҳʵһֱڷ
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ĸ߸Ь͵ײҶ˼üͷҪתͷһӭߣһһɫ·Ůˡ
Ҷǵһμô·ŮˣôҴ˵ײ͡
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ŮˣҶʶĸϣոռǸ˸һŪѪҲΪйѪ
˵ŮƱ䣬ҶͺţڸӲòţҹЩһЩ٬Ըˣȴ޳žһƵġ
ҶɨһۣͼͷȿȣҲûпһҪһŵͬʱҲ֪ʲôطóһġСļǡ
Сļǡϲ飬ҶҲʮֵϲкӵŮװⱾ飬оЩ졣
ʲô˼ҵɣҶǲϲҲûʲô취üͷŬԼ
ŬŬˣǳȥĺףڵȵ˷ɻҪɵʱ䣬Ҷ뿪ȵƱ֮ʹͨȥ˷ɻ
ҶոԼλ£ҪĿ飬Ϥζ̤̤ǸŮ˾Ȼ겻ɢҲܷɻ
ңƺΪӦԩ·խ仰ʵԣ׬ŮȻҶԣͷһƣҪŭĳ嶯
Ҷûˣֻ˯Ǿͱ۾һ˼˯⡣
ҶҪ˯ŵʱͻȻļ£һֱĴʹȻϮ壬Ȼ۾ɱڵץסһֻС֣˵С㣬ǲǾúģ
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ѰȫۺãλСڰۺðȫվڹϵսҶԼ˼ңǵΧһӣЩƣҪһ£
ģȻһǰˣ涪ˣ
ҶԼۺ˰ȫתͷѩ׾Ө͸СϣüͷͻȻŸֳһֺȻ飬ֺܿ飬תͷȥĿ
Ҷô󣬻ǵһμ˴˵ӵС֡ˣ
֣һֺаĴڣһӵǵŮӳ𣬾ͺ;Ÿճ˵ŮӤһÿ춼Ҫһҩ֭һʱȵһʱ򣬻ϸһ˵ŮӤԴƣֱʮ꣬һͬķʮкŵһطǳǣӶһ
˵Ӥطڻ˸ǳԵŮӤͻӵһֻ֡
˵ӵлֵŮСӵһ˿ֲԽ쵽ץȡһЩ
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ҶʱѾһɽĺ棬ǰĺˮ棬Ǵʲôطȥأ
ҶղʩչӰоǳۣܲ򵥣ʲôĹʩչһƽʱʩչ컹Ҫۡ
ﵽЩʲôأҶüͷ˸صĵطϥ˹ٵĻָԼĹ
ͻȻһֻСֶҶĺϣһȻһȭӹĽǶȴ
󷢳һŮЦֻСֶȻһģҶȭͷʱѾ˹ȥ
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Ҷ֪˶ãһʹŪѣ۾һٵĽСŮѩ׵Сֶһ룬ѽģһС˺ü롣
ҶҪ˵ȴ޷ʵϳƤڱĵطãĹ嶼ͬʱһصסˣ˳ɾŮĽ
ˣСһͦŮ˵ֱҶϴѪΡΡıȻţһ۾һıӣŪ亹ͷĽ
żǸСû¶ЩôģĺãҵûطͲ

ҶͻȻ˵ˣȴǷһĲҽУǲҽ֮֮֮ᣬëֱ
ҶĺëҲͷҽþòͣѾǺˮ̱ʯĵϣʱע⵽Լһ˿ǷСħͷʵ̫аˣ
ѽǲˣôһͽеôҰŪ˼ͷëëģᣡСѾͷȻûɴҶҲܿһС
֣ҶԼЩ֪ˣСѾͷΣôôء
ҶСħͷԼͷŲԼ壬ǽ˵㵽ҪʲôҪҪ
һĳҽУҶһϳĶǺˮʺѪˮˣ
ҶԼҪˣûôʹÿһͷ۵Ҫиڽһ㡣
ģҪɱҾֱӶ֣ôĥҰҡոڵģСˣҶƿڴʱѾ˲ñ侲ˣȫĺë׶ѪԼǲǸСħͷҪĵط
ѽᰡȻˡ㣬أ裬ءСѾͷͻȻǸ룬ֵҶߣȱȻģǸ˼Ҫ
ҶСħͷıЩĪƿڴʱѾģҲǸˣܰԼôأ
ոڵģѡ
СħͷҶ°һ룬Ѫĭӣһ飬˹ȥ
裬ѣ㣬㣡ءСħͷһĨᣬһߺݺݵҶĹ򣬾Ѿ۶Ѫģ
Сħͷˣһƨʯϣ涼ѪͺˮҲ˲ãֻǲͣĨᣬɴ䣬¶һſֲ֮ס
˳ó󲢲£µǳòֹǳ󣬶˿ž;ĺֲǾǸɶģ
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һεˮأˮصıڶɫʯ壬ףˮǷۺɫŵ㡣
Ҷ͸ˮУҲϸôģһԼ壬ܶһԼ壬ʱͷһУ
вǡ֡ΡһĳֶĽԲӦ˷Ľ
ҶڵѾѪɫƬֺѾ仹룬ָҲˣǸԼŵˣǵһجε̶޷ѡ
ⲻΣҶԼͷͷڣҲƬϻƬѾһⲻһΣһǳֲʵ
ŭҽ˺ܾãҶֳ˺ܶϵˮȥһεĴһ赲⣬ڵǳеĹţ޴һֻ֮Ƶѡ˷ˮŲͣĹ๾ഭðݶ
ҶϢһ֪ȥҲУֻԼ̬ƽͣԼûʲôת±ˣ
ҶԼ϶ǸСħͷйأߺ޲ѣֻҪлᣬһҪݺݵĻرǸСħͷ
ҶˮǱȥԽǱˮ¶Խߣ潥˺ɫĹâй๾۾濴ȥ֮жȻһģǾȻǷڵҽ
ҶȥˣҪȻһû׼ͳ˿㣬ɲҪĽ֣ȻղҲһɱĳ嶯
ǣЩԾһɺǿǣ޷Ƶ³ȥôɲסƴΣȴǲͣ䡣
ҶҪҲˣԼû취ԼƣɴͷɣҲˣ
¶ԽԽߣˮѾûˣֻвڵˮҶѾʼݣˮݷٵʧЩϢĸо
̡һ죬Ҷޱȹ̵ҽ棬εһҽУѾҽΧ޷ʹ˼һƬҡ
ҶڷǳϣԼԻȥʱȴζβȥʹĸоͣĥ񾭣ǿ󣬿ʱҲЩظоԼʱбĿܡ
ҽֻҶıƤҲˣҽʽ棬̻ȵҽĻһ֮󣬾ͷߣֱеÿһռ䶼ռ
֪ǲһִҶ㱼ԼȻһֱڳſµգǲû̫ˣûнճɻҽֻоʹ
ĥĹ̲֪˺ܾãҶٽʱҽͻȻѸٵȴҽ֮УоһҪϢо
ҶҽеʱûиоϢȴоϢҪǣﶼҽҲ̣
ҶڸղڳĿռﲻͣ˶ţȷʵûճôֻɫû죬ҽƵĻ֡
ڻڲˣҶĴŴƬͶڲͣĺԺЩҪݽߣķβ۵ҪƵ÷š
Ҷθоǿ׼ոСˡǾΪԼһ˵ʱĳͻȻðһһֻʮĻϢϢоһ˲ɢΡ
ҶǰʮķǵϢһʼöζ޷ɹǵϢʮֵĻԾﵽҴܣʮεĳԣԸԳĽȵϢߣżƤĵܣת֮󣬲˳׳˺ü̵ҽзٵܽ⣬ϸС΢ںϢ棬ë׺ͱǿݳȥ
ҶȫָɣȻܵĿռޣǴĺεεϵķԼĶֱˡ
ҶԽԽǸо̩ǹתٶĸ߿죬׳ٶҲͬʱӿ죬ߺľƵѾߵĳ̶ֳȵѾ޷׽õ
žҶ̵ʯҶѣһԷٶӺ࣬תۼ䣬ǰЩʯҶѾ촷ۣһ֣ܾ̮һƬ¶һЩ۳ռʱ˺ܶࡣ
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Ҷܿͳҽش˷򣬳ʱŷ֣ͲʱǸˮ̶һĶѨĺ֪ͨη
ҶȥѰʱ·˳ѨǰߣԽǰԽ̹ǣ⵹Ǻʱո෴
Ҷ۾ںڰ棬ڰ赲סߣԽԽխĶѨǰУߵһǰ·ߡ
ȥ·̫ԶҶɴֱøƵ··ĹУѧὫԼҪƵĵطй
Ҷ˵һٶãڵǹϢѾڲϵĸߺб쳣ǿ󣬳ÿһ䣬ƮƮɵ֮С
ۡһ죬ǰһʯ˲촷ۣһ紵ҶɿԱһ㣬촷۱ɢһЩĶˣ
Ҷӽ߳ͷ죬ǰһ޴ޱȵĿռ䣬ռ䶼ɢŨصζĵĹâռ䣬ϢѸٵĽ˱˪ַٵıۼ˸Ļ
Ҷռһطеһɫ񣬴ϲɴŮΪ̵ǸŮ
ȻһҲڸ֮ǰͨӰӰ񣬾
ҶдϲĽ֣ȴǵεεԼȻһһ£űķ֣ԼѾ˹˻˵ˣһȥ᲻Żأ
Ҷ˿г˶ǸСħͷĺ⣬ҪĻôأĻû׼͵طǱܼ尾üζ˵ݰˣ
£ʮ֮˾ţҶߺһǷϵԱߵıϣĬĬķһСվ첽ȥҪҵȷİȫ¶ԺԼ飬Ժ˵ɡ
Ҷܱ޴ռÿһ䣬ȴδʲô˼ʣطͱ˵˼ʣһĻﶼûУ
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ҶھǸĵط˿Ҳű񷢴һۼأ
ҶһͻȻɴ۾һϸĿűڱ⻬ıϣһʵСڣһӰھʯ棡
ҶתͷԼʯڣȴʲôûпô¶أͷֹ
һϸо͹۲죬Ҷô¶ԭǽҲǹ⻬羵ӰǷģɲ֪ΪʲôʯϿӰӣȴڱ淴ӳú
ҶϾ⣬˳ϣܿҵǸڡһصĽϸĻǴʮԶĵطĴڣղҶ߹ʱ򣬾ɲʮԶʮҲҪЩأѹûпڵĴڣ
Ҷڣ˳Сǰ˴Լһͷҵʱ䣬һ͸ղǸ޴ĿռͬĿնУҲһͬı񣬱ͬҲһúͺ̼һģһɴŮ
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Ҷ˼⣬Ҳ˼ĹУұ󶴵ÿһ䣬ȴûҵطҲһСͬһ档
ҶûгɣǸС棬ַͬһռ䣬ﻹûһСͬһ档
ԴƣҶһһ궴֪䣬ȻѾ˾ʮ˸նǵھʮŸ
ҶȻûоۣͷЩƣΪֲòѰҡ
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ҶߵһʱһʯͷĺͻȻ̽һСԴС¶˳ɲĿȦģƤЩףϵȻۣոտ޹
Ҷһ㶣ſϲ˹һѱסССҲһķͱһҵǸͣ
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֣Ҷ뵽Լ˹ôϵԼأͷһžԼ֪ʲôʱѾԭӣֻǣûд·
Ҷû·ҲЩڣڲûйؼй¶⣬ط¶Ҳ˿Ǹ˲
Ҷûд·ϽԼϵ䣬һȹ
˸طһһ˵Լľ
ʵҲûʲô˵ģһܵ˵һն棬ȻһֱѰҳ·
ҶľŵҲֻǴŵĽ˽ɼҲǸΪϧжˣ涣ǣ̶ֺúõһ
Ҷһ֮ӵһϢһûԼطһӾͻص˵ϡ
ҶƵĹָˣǹֱסˣ޷áԼ˳ɾͱ״̬໥תͬʱת״̬ڻ޴ӵ֪
޴ӵ֪޴ӵ֪Ҷ˿̵ǳãֻҪԼİŮû¶ͱʲôҪãϡ
Ҷĵطҹ԰֮ڡѾǺҹҹ԰ĵƻȻѾٻԻͣкܶĵƹ˲ٵĵطЩطǵ·
Ҷһطʶﲻ죬ָԶһ˵ǸС˵ס
Сˣ˭ҶһʱûзӦ˵˭أǸСѾͷһֱﻹһζûмءҲ֪ǵʲôصģӰš
Ҷһ飬漴Ц˵㰡ʲôʱҲأһǸ뿪Ǵô죿
ҶȻһ֮˭ͽ̾κΣһأܲѡȨ
ղŻͦ˵ģһ˵ʱˣĬһ̾˿˵Ҳߣҹ˷ĻǼҾΣˣ
ҶĻٰĲᣬûѡ޿κΣ
Ҷ룬˵ûУȥ᲻Σգ
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Ļû˵꣬ҶסСĿ˵Ҫ˵ˣҲ¶ģ㵽岻ҹǼʲôһѱ
涵ҡͷ뵽ʲô˵Ϲүүһ֪ʲôҲҪȥðˣ᲻ã
Ҷ΢ЦСǼһ£˵ɵӣҲðյģ´зִ磬İɡҰιعȥɡ
͵͵һͺҶʧˣ컹δʱҶѾȻȥּŸղŵĳɹ죬૵Ϲôأ
˵䣬֪뵽ʲôɣˮĺҪγˮһ
Ҷ뿪ʱסĵطҪ뿪ҹ԰ͻȻ䣬ǸСħͷĶ𣺡ף
үأҶһ䣬Ƶҹ԰СͬɫģСʮּžͻعͷǸźɫȹźɫɴźɫ˿ĵСħͷһ˫ǵĴ۾ĿСѿһϲ߻ϲСһ
ҶʮֵĲĿʵոڵģ㺦һôţСү
ΣСħͷûϴһͿޱӣҲûóǸɻʣСһҾ˵ڣǸڣҴû˵ոڣʲôط
Ҷ˵ѼأתߣǸСѾͷں׷ᣬһ߻һɮһʸͣѼңѼҵĸҰ⣬ҲǸڰСһ治ʵϹ˵
Ҷûֻкɻ󣬲Сħͷô¶ڸʲôΪʲôͻȻֵþСɵһأ̫ˡ
ͬھǰ׵ĵƹѾһƬĵطͬߣǸ߸ߵĴǽ澿סʲôһڣ
һĨ㴵ҶȻͣס˽Ųһ˫廨ЬСѾһ˫޳ѩȳںͬڵҲ࣬ŻӰһǸӵлֵŮƮȻɨҶһۣСħͷһЦ
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Ҷ͸оӵлֵŮ˳֣Ͳк¶ˣⲻǣָˡ
˰ҶŮԼģӦû鷳ЩϲŮĳˡ
ҶʵӼŮ֮󣬾֮ͬóһۣŮһĽã˫̥Ľã
ŮûдҶȻ͸˵뿪źСħͷȴһץססĹЦ˵СһɲߣҺòײҵôõһôأ
ҶȴͻȻһܴһһƸƵͬʱһʱͲƬ־һƣһСħͷѩȭͷϣαˣת˲š
ҶһߣСħͷͺͻŮԣŮӨ͸ȻڣһץȻͻʱյһӴСħͷǰͷ֡
˾쳣Ĺ죺һ˫ʧˣִӺԶĵط˳
СħͷһЦһΣͶ㿪һץСȭͷǰһ̽ȻĴӵصð˳˻ŮĽĴ
Ůһ壬һ𻨱СħͷȭͷŮĽŵײһŮڿնСħͷȭͷ˻ѾӾܣ׷Ҷʧķ
ŮһֻһץѾץס˰һˣһѾԶһץٴŲ˽ǧס
Сħͷһƺ̰ܣۿĻŮѾҪ׷ԼԼ̵Сƨһģʱͬ˻һವһӸûӰˡ
ҶʱѾŪһ·˻һŻؽĻƱжʱ䣬ȥ˱˸̷ܵȲ裬ϵǮҲ͵ģ֤һ
ҶһǸŮСħͷû׷һרĵĿ
СʱҶƱǻԼλһӣ߾ͶһˣǸŮʶһȻǱСļǡķθ
Ҷ˼ҲԼҲֵУƵķԼġ˸̷ŷɻɡ
ǹûһҶ;ԼԴһֻ쬵СֶԼһѴС˵СһΪ㵽ҾҲ𣿡
ҶͷƤһ飬ͷһֻǸСħͷԼλϣѩ׵СֶţץԼͷ
ҶһѽСֶģѾвһŶң˵Ӹˣ찡
ɶСħͷջСֶСԴһԼͷƤʵ
ŮͺǰûзһСħͷ޶ãҶ֮䷢ʲôϵ仯˵Ѹ١
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˵ǰ̬ЩСŮĻôСˣۣȻ棬Ǹ˵ĸоܿɰ
ԱߵļаĴ壬Ͷô̰ĿⶢСħͷͣǵСħͷԵŮǲˬûƵģһСѾͷˣ
ҶԽԽСħͷЩ죬Ը仯̫һ˵ͱ䣬һ׶ûУСǲж˸񣬾ѣ
ҴͷΪô򣬲ĺӶҪ𣿡Ҷ֪Լڻ𣬿ܲͨķ磬СħͷҤǮͷԼǮβ
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ҶһɵˣСħͷߵŮĸԴ󷢣˵ˣСһǳ԰ժ
һĲҽУŮŵûˣҶҲŵĿɿڴŴ˵ô벻СѾͷɴµףֲ־ĳ̶ȣǿҲų񾭲ɣ

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Сħͷųӣ˵ĲУЦͣҲɴˣôŶ󹤳̶õһѩ׵СŻˡ
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ѾСħͷ°ͺͲϵƤһӦþߵĽӿڣ
ףô֪أСħͷͻȻЦˣɻĿҶҶ°һңһƤӦֶ£һ绨̳˵Ұ
ҶСħͷԺжʱ֣ʵں̫ˣֱǸСѾͷķŴ档
ʶ𣿡Ҷʶľʳ仰ͻȻоһۣͷһſֲ߾Ȼͬһ㣬Ȼҧһڣ϶ʱҧһӣȴûгѪ˸⡣
ҶһϽָɵǿѸĸͬʱֹסѪǸԼصСħͷϣѾ϶࣬ʣµĶûпһĻˡ
СħͷɴЦ˵СһӦͦҪȻҵСҧˣͻһ⣡
Ҷ£˵ǸɥǣԺԶ𣿡
УעɷҲ̫ԶһҪǳǳĽҪȻôССħͷСԴһ棬۾ﾹȻһ˿˵㺡
ҶСħͷһһΣˣɶ˵ɶأҸʲôϵҰҿԲȥˣҪǸĸţҶȥˡ
ܵģһʱҾƯС㣬ҸղŻ㿴ҵСˮأǲЩ˵еġɫɲ͡Сħͷһ㶼ûûͲʲô֡
ҶЦҲЩԼŪɹ䲻Сħͷ̫Цˣ̿˰ɣ㳤øѿƵģɫɲͣɶ
СħͷվͦСظ߷ߵ˵۾ϹѽûС̵߰úÿأҶһ¸㿴զ겻ͣĶСزҶôûֻɪɪӣЩ
Ҷ͵һЦ˵СһǴԶĳߴɣ˵ԼﲻסЦЦ
Щ˵ĳ˿ǶûЦҶߵĻŮСЦЦʮֵ欺ÿ
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˵ҶһӦúܰգǻŮ仰ְЦˣһһ߹Ц˵˼Ǻ˼
棬Ǻ棡СħͷҲ󿩿Цͣ
Ůصĸ첲ҲЦ˵˾䣺в˻ЦôģⲻǷ𣿡
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ҿҲǣûءСħͷһ
˶ЦЦÿСͳ˾ɲΪǾ񲡻ء
ɻˣʰɾĻѾûǰζСħͷЩСֶΣɻܰɡ
֮󲻾ãҶĸ첲ʹȾ͵ùˣСħͷͻŮȻλֻСֶĴȺ͸첲ĥˣ۵죬ƫƫѲǵĸצ
Ҷ쾭̫ˣ˿̵龰ǿЦãô˴ڣȻɻλǸЦ
ҪλҩλѿܵӡĿС㴩źƷͺ˿С߸Ь¶ʽЦݣеĿҶ
Ҷһ𱬵ĺӣ΢΢ͷţܺãҰɡĻ壬սʱһ죬ˮĴ۾һۣۺСһ·촽Щǵ˵ҿǵһθء
ѩ׵СֵݸҶҩƬʹˮŵϵʱ򣬻ָģһ۱۾ӵĻŮСħͷ˵Ҫȥϴּ𣿡
Ҷͷģ΢΢ͷ˵ʮӺȥɡڿսСֶһ£һ죬΢΢ͷȶ˵Сˡ
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սһߣŮСħͷͻȻ䶼۾Ҷšһ£мİһۣΣͲʶƵġ
ҶҲǣûˣһȥϴּ䣬սȥʮӣ
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ܲ˭ôŷҶֵ֪ս㾶ѰԼĿ֡
Ҷ벻ǣҹСҰèŮȻǵһΣѾˣ
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СΣôˣôͻȻôˣСͩͳεĹϵãȫͩ
֪Ƿ˰ɣξԼϺᣬ뵽ղŵĸܣ죬ˮϣճյ˵Сͩͽһɣҿĵһۣ;϶̵̹ģԺģֻһͷҪŮˡСͩ˵ǲǷˣ
Сͩߣ˷ţŹ۷κҡͷ˵Ҳû̸ѣ̫ˣƽׯرأ㾹Ȼﻹôʱ䡣
ңһǵһءСĵһֳ̾ԳЦͻȻ뵽һЩ¶ɫԽޡ
Сͩҡͷ˵ˣˣһƻŮûˣһ֪˼ǲǻҪأ
ҲҪҺͺˣˣͼ棬ĻôšҽҪʱ򣬾͸Ҫһ㿴ö˧СͩҸһܰϲĸҶղŻҳһ׸ء
뵽һЩ컵龰Ҹλõ㽣ͩȵ˵ɣҲ񰡣
εһЦ˿һЩӣѺһǾˡĸ質ÿðʵĸ質ٺãҲûķ˵ԼĹۡ
ΪδСһ𳤵Ĺۣͩô᲻׳εĻлأһ죬һ䣺СɫŮ
أҪĺˣҲġˣң
ҿûУĿɲңǸ
Ůһʱݺޡ
ҶùԼôһ۵СصԼλϣˬ鱾СħͷֹĿ
֪ɻͽ˽·ɻʱҶûٿΣʱյһϢΪǸḡŮӣӦҸͲǡҴû뵽ͻȻȻ㿴пֻһķйҲǡʱ֤˵һУһΪϣҲܸЩʱͿռ䣬У
ҶϢ΢΢ЦǵһôȤŮӣȻûῴһӵûоŮӣȻḡοĶ
һ˵һŮ˵ĴûʲôĶǷԼ˵
ⲻǳ⣬Щô򵥣Ҫֻ֤ҪһСС֤
Ҷ룬һϢ˵һ֮Եǰͬ۹ȣһλǰǰߵôҺԵ֣Ҫǰն㣬ţأҲǸˣҲǸˣǸĵˣһһλõģˣϢɣůܰȫ
Ҷ˿ˣʻ˻Ͻǵĸ٣յ˳εϢ˵һ˵ĻͲǸֵˣҪǰֵĻҲϲ˵ĻҪ㻰һġǺǡ
ͻȻ䣬εεһ죬һɫķҶĳԾȥųκĹۣ˳һǣЦУȥ
ҶҲһǣЦŷֻӴʻȥ
Ҷص콿ׯ԰ﾹȻһ˶ûУתһȦû˼Ҫȥ˾ͻȻ뵽ԼмûȥѧУˣøϽȥŪüɵͲˡ
ĵ绰ͻȻҶ˵绰洫Ϲ㵽𣿡
224С
ţҵˣţ첻˰ɣҶ֮ǰѾ˵绰ϵԼ̫ġ
ˣᣬͼǵô¶Ҫɣû¶ѵôƤŪҶͷģ뵽ãˮͣʡ
СèҪͿ㰡ʱ򣬿Ҷ˵绰ҶĳſҽԺȥ
Ҷٶȷǳ֮죬ٶȵҽԺǵʱȴڰ칫ʶĿɰСʿ˵ոһصĻߣȥˡ
Ҷ룬ϣ߽ңѪܵ­ûע⵽һˡ
ҽԱæúܣҲֵĿҶһۣͼæͻȻ䣬ߵԲѪ޷ֹסѪˡ
Ҷǰȥһѽɵ۵ʵϰҽƿڲ˵ԴһĨѪͬʱѪҲ
˶ЩɵۣҶ˵㣬ʲôأûˣſηѣĿһۣ
æ֮ǳĳɹ߳ҵʱЩҽԱ˵ҪѸղŵ˵ȥûУ
˶Ͻͷͷ˶Ҫǵ˵ˣܱܲסǸ⡣
ԲţǶĳЩ˵ֻ֮һְ裬ܲҵǣˣ
ңڿҶǿµ֮˭ҲԼˣúõĻŶҲء
˻صİ칫ңһȣ֮ҶϹǱ߶ô˰
Ǳ߶ʱû¶һģˣս绰𣿡Ҷ֪ôģӰͿգЩİΣ
ûУҲ֪Ѿͷȥʲôطˣ㲻˵ȥִ𣿡ͱյĹϵܺãڱΣյĹһֱ̬ȣǱֲ뻻ΪļŮûٸۣʵִ̫ˣ˭ûа취
ţҲûкϵҶеĲоַĿһֲԤУһǳʲô¶
ģռôıȥΣյ顣ָĸҶüͷϣԽ︧ƽ
ҶСֶһڣЦ˵û¶㡣㣬Ҫһΰɡ
ȥɣҲŲأϽӿָס۵ľ
ˣҶ콿ׯ԰ºѩҶˣһڵһȻһ緹
ϣСҶģһСŵĹ˾
ôˣССཱུģܹϸƿˣ˭ǼҵС˰ҶԼϣιһףԵĲˣȴһûǿİСŤһ߶
ԳЦҶºѩЩ죬Ȼզ¶ҶҲף¶Ҳûа취
˺ˣְִȥѧУòãڰְǶ
ϡ
ǰְ§С˯òã
˵㻰
Ȼ㻰ˣСԴ׾Ĵ׶ԣ
裬ǽ㣡
Ҫˣ
š
ҶŮһٱɻǵסСϻķƣС˶úܲҡ
緹֮ҶĻ˯ˣŵ˷ﰲ˯ָ̰Ե˶ȥѪˣֱҪϿεʱŷһ·
Ҷ񣬺λȥѧУ༶ͬѧЩ棬ԿɰСǾ档
ҶǾ治棬ԼλԱ߼һӣһţļ
ԼɰóҶƻŶ֣СһȵĿɰСȫ˶ۣ
Сã˭ѽһµŴ۾Ͱ͵ĿôɰСѾͷֱŮͨɱĴɱҲвĳ
˷ۣûдûЦúܿġһԵҶѩҲ˹Ͱ͵ĿСѾͷЦʣСãʲôְ
ûдԼСƻʱСóСʳԼСżҶҲ߲ܡ
С˵̬Ҷѩǲޣ˼ҲǣҲûа취顣
225°ѱ
̤̤һۺɫӰ߽˽ңҶҪ̧ͷҲ֪еྪŮû˭ζ
ҶͻȻվ񣬴Ȼֹྪ߹߳˽ң߽˽õ
ְ֣ȥĶһ㶼ûоȣֻǺźÿĴ۾Ҷ˰ְ֡
ȥҶ˵꣬СѾͷԼĲϣ˲Ŀߵͣſһ̶ûӰˡ
ҶѾ˼٣Ľںܼ򵥣Ϊ׼Ȼ֪ô¶Ǹӣʡĵѧĸʦڸӣ
ųڴϴУ·˾޵ĿⲻʱͶ䵽˻ϣ̰Ŀ쳵ˣҶԼҪгĻȻôĿԼ£
ʵᱻ˹עʱ˶ڹע㣬Ҫעʱȴûڿһۡ
磬е˶ڽȴ뵽Ҫѩ̿ƶǿūС˵ıԣ
ʱûȥƻǹڸϣŴ⿴ţŶСԴһķǳרעһԼӰƷ
ڿʲôأҶһֱ֪𰸣һֱûеõڣҲûõ𰸣ֻϰԵˡ
ְ֣˵ҶȫȻͻȻðĻȻû˵ꡣ
Ҷû˵ʲôֻĬĬĿ·СѾͷ˵ȥԤУп˵һЩû˵Ļ
ְ˵˺ͻʲôһأͻȻعͷҶȴĻش
ûʲôһֻվĽǶȲһˡҶ̫޷׼ȷĻشֻܸôһģɵĻش
Щʧعͷȥ緢ͻȻ˵˵ˣϸûкˣǰְǺ˰ôΪʲôҪô˵أ
ΪĶǻˣûü˵ʱ򣬾㣬Ͱһж㣬ûдҲûдҵ磡ҶԼ˿ѧңʦ깤ʦ
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԰ˣѾԼĲˮλϣʳִϷղŵ¶ûз۾΢׵Ƥ޷˵ѡ
Ҷͣ԰ſڣ棬Ҫûȥ
˵ʵҶЩ̫Ҽ誣оһ޷ֿԼһС´Ĵ¶ǿɾʹĲˣ
ڼңʵһֱڼңҲҥԷԭ֮һ
ˣʮֵ飬Ҷ޶ãҲѹ֣ҪĻҵ鷳Ҳôô硣
ܼҴȥԶˣҶ߽鷿棬֮ɫܲÿҲ˵ֻĬĬһϻš
ҶһͻȻ˵׻ˣǵǸ߳Ƶˡ˵ɣүӣҹҾ߬סǼʲôһѱ
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Ҷ˵ô˵ҪҪ˵ķжأ˵ɣҪȥˣܴҵĿģ
Ҷţ֮Ȼ̾ϢˣҲõǵǳʱˡɽ죬һоͶˣ
Ҷɫһ䣬һ£ͻȻվ˵ж೤ʱ䣿
¶͵ɫ˵һ£ǰ£
Ҷĵͷû˵¶ĵĮ;棬ţ˵ţˣҲЩĺˣǸǲãϱ㲻ݵĺݽɫ
226´˸
ҶүҪ뿪ȴ˴ȥ˸һ޹ס
޹ڼǣĮɽĮˮĮҰҰһĸø硣
Ҷ˵ĿⶼϣȻȥ
ķȥ¥ˣҶûк£ԼҸط£ǵĿƻһ˵ԹԲơ
ҶɿĳһƻˮɿĽһƻƤֳɷݶÿһ飬ǩЦĶ˵޹ǰĸƻ
˵ֶԱ߼׳Ĵ˸˵λ磬ƻÿ˷һƻǶ̿ҶǻǺϲģ룬ҪȶҹҵǸδıȴүӡá
޹ֶӶڳƻǶҶƤЦļһҲûʲô취ô˵Ůϲһϧͱ˷ʲô취أ
һ뵽Ҷµ鷳޹ͰҧһڵƻԲ˵Ҷ˵˵ô鷳ô죿ûа취Ҳù˵лɣ
ҶڵĽһӰ似ķֳ˼ݣŵˮ棬ǩݸЩƻĴ˸ǡ
ĸİɣѾү̸ˣ¶ĪĹϵԾǾͲҪٵˣܳʱûк̸ˣôҶλҪλ׼һ㶼һǱܼϲ
֪ԼĻͲ˵ˣСӱȺӶʲôõ㲦֪ô졣ҪܹôһŮĻЩҲһܲ¶
ȥһΧ壬˸һԹս޹ε˶¥ȥǸɰСѾͷǸСѾͷ̫ϲˡ
λ磬ҪǰЩæҶһ壬һƽĶԼ˵
˶û˵ֻǿҶ˵ҪһЩϡŵ˵һЩ˶ʧɫ綼ˡ
С㵽ҪʲôĮɽ۾ȻʱʵǸʮ͵Ĵڣڲﶼպ
ʱܣҿ϶þͶˣæһҪģﲻУ
Ҷˣ˶ҡͷЦʵǶһЩʲôǸ뷨ʵ̫ˣͶ˳ĬҲĬͬ
ҳҶȥͯ԰С죬ҹĻٵʱ򣬴һЩʳ˼ңü˶ˣһ̸Ц
ԹЩ۵ҶĻ˯ˣźãҶºѩ绹Ҷ˻Ӿž²Щ컵¶ʱˣһͬϢ
ҶŮ˯ˣȥ˸ڷ䣬§ϢӦ˵ģҪǲеĻһСѾͷ׼쭣
峿Ҷ˼磬˹һ۾ͿĴ۾һ֪ëϷء
һ۾СѾͷ;һСѾӾŲݮС˯µССƵģܵǸ졣
Ҷ죬һѽסСƨƨ£СѾͷֱЦĻ￪ĵĴţȻûע⵽Ŵ򿪣Ů˯ЦӯӯĿǵ֡
ԹͣҶͺͼ˸ֳ˷ɻ뿪˽Уǰϣ
ϼڵ۹϶ˣԭ֮磬ˮأʡảѾ˵۹ϲļ֮һ÷չ÷ǳãҲγС
Ҷ˷ɻͿһϤӰǳΣǳεǸͬ£֪ʲô֡
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ҶҡҡͷûУֻһֱػȷʵεĵ绰Ǵͨ
Ŷֻˣոµģڸ绰һͨͩĻδ䣬Ҷֻˣǳδĵ绰
ͩһҶֻʾСΣСˡҶͨ˵绰ڶҵֻˣϹҴ绰ʲô¶𣿡
ҶԼϹʱЩ΢΢ķһůЦ˵ûʲô¶е㣬绰˼ôˣ𣿡
227º
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ôܹʺأҶ֪˵Щʲôڵʵ
ǰܣ˲ãڼˣÿԶȥ档ˣ˵ˣϹټ࣡
żæŵĹҶ˵绰Ҷ˵绰Ŵ̾˿뵽ԼҪ飬üͷ
ɻˣҶʱһˣᵽһϤζһתͷһɵ̾һʵ˵ôָأ
ԭǸСħͷ촩ĲԭĺۣһɰĹȹƯСҲûдɴ
Сһô˵أ񣬲˼ˣôôԵأСħͷ˵Ŀɰǿɰ
Աߵ˿СħͷǸɰСѾͷҶôٹز֪ʲôݵСһ
Ҷ˵ǲǸңֻǵĻ˵㵽Ҫʲôأ
ʲôСħͷȵСյҶĶߣ˵Ҵɣһɻ˶죬ȻǵҵĹô㺦𣿡
ҶбһۣԼ罿۵СԶһ㣬˵ҪôĻҾͰˡҿʱҴȥһطɱҲ㣬æأ
ʲôطСħͷҶ
ҪȤĻ͸ң˷ɻ֮ҾʹȥôҶҲǷŵһɲԺһ֣뵽İ취뷨Ҳ¸֪ܿĵСѾͷ֪
СѾͷĴ۾һ£ͷ˵ҲãҲЩ²أС̫ˣû˼
ҶӣǸ뷨вɵЩһﲻǸɣ
ҲŲأСħͷְСյҶĶߣǵ˵˼ҾҪСҲҪСҿأ볢һأ
ȣȡҶɻĿʵ㣬㲻Ƕʲôط͵˰ɣ
ûаǵ¶ɶÿİǼС˳ÿˮأҿŶˡˣǸСѾͷ񵽵İôúһģһأǱС˼ţƯܿɰСħͷҧһҶĶ䣬˿
Ҷƿ˵ҪƤЦģҲܸʴǵԱ֪𣿡⻰һڣЦܵ˶веģСħͷЦÿš
СħͷЦ֮󣬾óһ˶һСƻҶʮֵ죬ͻȻ侪ȵ˵ЩǴҼ͵ģ·ЬŵģͣУƻǴ͵ģ㡣С͵
Сħͷûд̵ֻҡСԴϷһ˫ſɰСƤЬСѾͣĻţʮֵա
ҶεĿҲͲɴԼ飬ɻˣһ·޻ֻͩÿιʱ򣬶ĶЦЩЦãʲôë
ɻˣСħͷҶƯСβƵģĳǿңԼǲһǳǵѡ
ҶСħͷ˺ĺݴƵ꣬ݴƵĶǵ۹ƵͺƵ꣬ǶŮ˼￪ľƵ꣬ݴƵǺҵĲҵ
ҶεĿɽǺҵͷ֮һڵ۹ľ߲žصĵλһ
˵ɽͬʦֵܣԭڵ۹ѧʱ򣬶ʦͬһˣҲǺųƵ۹̩֮һĴʦա
ϣɽͬһӪϣʵò룬˴˾ǶԷľ֡
ԣɽʹӣһ㶼ϡ棬룬Ҷô⣡
ҶԺԭһЩ˽⣬ڵ˽ڿйغҵϣ˺ʹ˸׼Ķ
ҶͬʱҲԼ֪һЩܶҵϢ
ǸϵĴ壬ʷͽҹһƳʱգѾƿ˵۹ϽľãξƵҵҵҵҵȸ򣬶Ѿס
̳ޱȹ㷺ҵ˱Ͻ۹ռźܶҪλãҪ˵Щͬˡ
Щµģھǿ˽ﻹ˽װЩһǸڶϰļ塣
Ҷûй֫ĽӴǴӵϢǼ۴ĸö˭˭ùִڣ
228°ɳħӰ
Ҷ֪ԼѡԼСҲûбѡܲܿԼŮ˸˵ţ˼û¶۸۸ɣǸˣ¶
ҶоϣСħͷһ߿ʣ㿴Щʲô㲻붯ҵ˰ɣǼڣлǺúõʡʡɣ㲻ˣƲƲСȻصĻ̬ȡ
֣ʲô˼ҶɻĿСħͷ
Сħͷ˵ûʲô˼Щû˵һмһֱչӵϼһǵȻûҴ󣬵ҲԲСƾͣеκһСָͷɽŪûҷ𣬻ɢ
Ҷʵ󣿡һֱԺֻһֱûʹ
ܵ𣿷ұڴˣСħͷҶһۣش
ҶŪؿڷƣҲǰŰɣСħͷʵĲ̫˵˳ͱԼҵͻء
˲ôˣҾҪϵǸɽˣ¶ҲҪһͲˣһУܰ˵Ҷҧгݣ۾Ѿ¶Ҫôˡ
СħͷΪԵϷҶѸٵ侲ʼƶж
һܺ󣬾ɽŮ˼ӣɽʱһϯҶҪһ춯֣صҵļƵĶ㡣
Ҷ⼸׼һе׼ҶĿžƵͼֽȵæʱСħͷѾЩͷι˵СһҪȥǸطʲôط
ҶѶʰһ£Ц˵߰ɣھʹȥСħͷ˺ݴƵ꣬һ˺һİɳȼٴ塣
ɳȼٴںߣǺĶȼٳطһ˸治̫ˣֻһЩȨײ档
ҶСħͷƾŻԱ˶ȼٴĻ滻˺ֵ·֮󣬿ѾѧСħͷ˵ûмˣŪûǱ̫ţӰҵļƻҾ͸ˡ
УҰ㻹𣿿С߰ɡСѾͷҶĸ첲ݵ¥ϣһݼ䣬ǺһƬֻ
Ҷֽ˹ŮƵһߣСħͷһſ֣˽һһȭΣǰСƣһ޷ɫâʽСħͷ档
ҶĿܹڰеһУЩ¶ֻ̰ͼ֣֪Լ᧿Σأ
ҶƿһЩˣζܲϲҪҪھ뿪طĿʵ̫ˡ
룬˸һƿûпƣĬĬĺ
ҶĵĺžƣǱСħͷѾ˵ֽţЩʵ˲ûֻǶԺľء
һҶͻȻ˽иŮƴطΨһŮˣͲ󣬿Ӳʮ꣬úƯҲǳ
Ůڷ˵ľ˵䶼үүˣȻ޳ܵĽСãҲĺ˼
ҶһΣ͵ǱߣץסǵͷݺݵľͶײһ£ȻӸ˲ԶСħͷСħͷץסһͣǵľͱ˳һǾˡ
СħͷСһӣʬͻҷۼû£ҶǶ̫ʴˣӦĥʮģŪ
ǸСѾͷ죬ڽصĿţСץԼ½ƯĴ۾ʢŨŨĿ־塣
ҶĶͷһģſʱ֪ľҲŪˣ뿪ߵʱСħͷ˻֣СѾͷһʤƣ̿
ҶûѰ·ֱӴӷʧٳѾǺݴƵԼķ棬ԭװͷСħͷֽţ԰ĵľס
ҶŮڿɳϣŪѣŮһʶץھֵ˵ҪҪſңſң
ҶڶɳϣԼϣҲݸһ˵£ѾѾþˡȵϰɣûҩģǺǡ
Ů㶵ĿҶһŻָ侲һĸղŵĿ־彿ӣɳ壬һԼ·ͷӹϣӺݵ˵лл㣡
229
ҶмĿĵǴŮ˾ǲһǸ˾ˣסףȴǷһǿЦ
ŮҶɫԣҲʶԼıЩԣ뵽Լݣ͵˵ллңͷһлģټ
ҶͻȻϣûзӦѾ˹ȥ
ԼСʱԺСħͷѾص˷棬ſӵ·һЦķſڣĴһ죬˿ֹϣ˵СӣҲʲôöȻô۸˼СѾͷ
Ҷ߳ԡ£ȥһơƺţɳ˵۸ô֪ôŮˣ͸ԴҵǸҪǷʰǾģװҿôװ
ҶһھƣԷ˵ǾϸҳҶ㲻
룬ŴˣǾŮŵ˯˳ĳɵţѩ׵ľؿ϶ǺۣϴŮκ죬ηַߺ޵ĿҶվڷſڡ
Ǿô벻Լոӳ˻ڣΪһʱưԼͽң⻹һͷǳײпѱǣѾˣ
ɣҪҿſҶûһۣŮ޺޵ĵһָۣϽͷ˵ϵ·طﴩ֮ĬĬȥ
СħͷҲԼһơƺţһߺȾһζĿҶа벻ıºĻôһȻЩȷʵЧСӣⲻһʼͼƻ˵İɣ
ҶһۣơһǲһʼͼƻˣҶĻ׳滹֪ܲôˬˬ
ˬˬɱǰȥץˬˣҾˣԺרȥֵطȡҸɴԼŪֲʱ͸ӵķˣͬʱҲΪˣúõЩ
СħͷЦ˵꣬ͿʼͣҶûʱ˵аɣʱҸṩʽ𡣡ͲҪʲôʽɡ
̫ˣ̫ˣôͲҪأֲ׬Ǯܸṩʽ𰡣Ҫʮɣ˵ֵͦǮİСħͷ۽⣬СðҶߣͣҡĸ첲
㵱ǿеİֲӡǮһ򣬻ң˾ͲˣԼ취ɡƾҪŪǮС˼Ҳ˼ҪǮ治֪ôģҶСħͷһһۡ
СħͷԹģ㲻˼ҵϹ𣿼Ȼ˼ҵˣ˼ŮˣȻǮҪҪˣҪǲǮͲǸˣ̫࣡
ƨôô˼أʲôʱͳˣɷˣôһ㶼֪أҶֿʼˣһ񲡻ߣˣǵù͸ˡ
ҶʼЩڣ֪ģͲô淳ˣ
ŷأŷأҿɰأϲءҸ㣬ҶѾˣҪǲҸҾͰɱ˳⣡СħͷޱԹһԹСҶݡ
ô˰ĶҶ֪ǶˣҲҪרҵһòãҶĪͺеһţʲô¶
ߣʼĴ󻵵ʲôԼ֪˼ҾˣҪǸСѾͷ֮˯һȴСˣͷټ˵
Ҷһӹ˾ԴһͻȻ侪ǣͷϵѪıѪġ
Сħͷߵ̧ͷ˵ǰ֪ĺˣǸ󻵵ҲģǺǡ
ҶΪԼһΣ벻ѩͷϵѪıѪģаⶫ˼˯͵ģ
У˵ôЩأ˵ǲҵѪˣҶܻʹʲôõֶԼϣҪȻôأ
Ҳûأ̫ˡҲ˵ˣǻˣСħͷžһֿɰǱȥģŪǸˣһСӣɰǺᣡ
Ҷ벻ԼСħͷĹϵüͷ˵ʲôҲ֪ܶ㸺ģҪҸ𣬾͵ùԹԵҵĻҪȻĻ͸Ķȥɣ
230ԲŮ
СħͷͻȻЦ˵ΪأҲҲŲôɵأСһռˣҲ㹻ʸ񣡿
СħͷЦҶȴԹ˵ĺȾƣŲ˵ľ棬ľǼأֻҪ鷳ͺˡ
ҹĻѾ٣ҶĶЩˣСħͷȻҲ֪Ź๾ҽеС۰Ͱ͵ĿȴͳԷ
߰ɣ㣬֪ı¶ʲôˣȻԷǮûСңϷɻǮ͵İɣҶԼҵĴ۸͵ˡ
ôһ¶СħͷֿҶĸ첲İһ뿪˷䣬߳˾Ƶꡣ
طҶǰΣμӺȭ£ݱ仯ˣеĽǶȲһˣ۸Ҳͬˡ
ʳھ뺣ݴƵ겻Զʳ棬ҶСħͷҹɫʳεϲԵĶЩԣ˶ǴθһԵĶң˵ﻹźܶĶ
ЩھƵԱĿע£߽˺ݴƵ꣬صԼķȾƴֱҹɫ
˺ȵúڵأ֪˯˹ȥڶϣҶʱ򣬷СħͷȻԼ˯һѶԭǳģǽ죬˵ЩʵͷϲûѪѪŮˡ
ҶЦˣЦáȻǿʲôʵϲô¶Ǵˣûйϵ
Ҫ˵Ҷôأ̾ͲΪ˵ˡ
Сħͷ˹źÿüͷǶһƵģ涵СָŹЦҶߵˣˣҪ裬۸ңۡ
ҶЦòУû꣬Ͻ˵ԼŪòãҸû㣬ˣ
ƭˣҼûݣ˵ǼҲ۸ңֻͷɫǲŻ̵ֲ飬Һ㣬㣬㣬ء
ҶЦø㲻翴˰ɣҿûʲô˵
Զ㡣˵𣿡СѾͷƲҶ͸ڶ˵˼仰Ļֹ̾ס˿ЩŵĿ
ţԼҸ㣬ҶһٵķСѾͷȴ˺ա
УУҲᡣɡСѾͷͷ˱Сһ˵СĺӺߺߡ
ҶȻҡͷ˵УҪĻûе¶ˣΪ㻹Լ֣ʳɡ
ءƭӣƭˣƭҡҸû꣬ҪҵЩСѾͷ⣬ءСħͷô޸ûûˡ
Ҷûжˣ˵ðɣҪû¶Ļɲ
šСħͷӦһֹ̾סֵơ
֮Ҷֵ߲Сħͷһ٣ʵҲ֤ףȷǳףûκιֵĹϵ˸ղŵ¶
ʱ䣬Ѿʮ࣬ҶСħͷˣȥһٷԹ֮ͰСħͷھƵϢԼţһ绰ȥ˰ɳȼٴ塣
ҶڰɳȼٴȪһԲʵƯŮŮŲʮ˾ӣ
ҪϡŮһʼǱݸҶһ£˵𣿡
ģʲôŮĺܻ𱬣ԲʱĺͶ̿㣬һ˫˵ĺܣϴžѥҶ˺Ҷʱ龰
ûʲôлл
Ŷһ㣡
Ů뵽ʲôӿڴóһԿ׵ݸҶһѳԿס
ʲôط
ݴƵͣϣʱܿߣ
ҶŮŮҲüͷˣ
ߣȥĶŮɻĿҶ˵ȥĶȥĶô֪
ҵǸߣֱɻʧܣ֮ǰҲ뿪һŮΣһǾ˵ɡ
ҵߣʲôҶüͷĸˣⲻǳҪԼĻҪǴôһˣǲǴ׸
Ůû˵ֻСֶһԵǽһģǽ̳ɫֲȻܣ
ҶָһһǽɫֲʱɢΣǻûֲ
ûõģҴ㡣
ҶĻ˻ȥͻȻ䷢Ůʧˣžͳһж˲ɣ֪˼õĻõν˲֮
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һĻܶ࣬㻹Ҫ𣿡ŮҶҡͷˣ벻Ȼлܵھʲôӵİ
ܣˡ档ŮӺ䣬һߣûأǲҶ
ҶҲʣҪʵ⣺㻹ʲôܣ˵һ£
ⲻܣǷŮҶĻ˵һǽͦģҪʲôķɣ
Ҷ滳ڴţǿֲ̫񣬾˵ڲ˵ʱ˵ɣŰɣҲҪһֱң
УұҪɡŮʮִ֣Ͳ˵ˡ
ҶһŮ͵ĺӣ˭˭˺þãҶǷˣ˵ðɣ߰ɡ
ҶŵıɽŮֱȥȥĻǸ档
Ůĺܱ뺷Ȼ͸ߣ侲ĿźڰеȺħ裬Ҷţһܹúֻ޶ã治һѡְ
ҶһĳЩһЩֽź󣬾ʹ֪Ů
뿪䣬Ҷ컹磬ûлغݴƵ꣬ȥ˻Աߵľưɣϲ䣬ڽ
ҶŮҪһƣĺţźţ۾ſڵķͻȻɴ۾
ŮҲ˹ȥһɫȹ͸߸ЬľɫŮ˽ߣһӢˣȻûǣ֣ǿǸ˼ϵǳС
ⲻ𣿡ŮҶĶͷһۣ⻰ͷ͸һ˿ļڽͷ̣ɵû
ȻûпҶЦӯӯǸߵ˰̨ǰ˸طҪƣЦ̣ò
Ҷ벻ԼЩ̣мϧ֮ģǴ˿ȴѾȫζǸ˵ļ
˵С㻻˱Ȼ·Ҫڿ죬ǰţǼʶˣһһǲֻ֪˭Ҷ벻ҲйϵǺⰡŮ̲˵ŻͷϿĵȻͬģ˾ù졣
ҶعͷĿһۣͻȻЦ㲻ǺʲôڰɣôĻ͸Żأ
ûҾǺйڣҵѣҲ𣿡Ůһ㶼ֻҶĻֻ̬ȡ
ûҵĻûбҪѣϵǸˣҵѣһӵķ
ȻǸӵķﻹҪôأӦþø˲ŶԣƷչȥˣ
ҶջĿ⣬ŮҲǱȥԣﻰⶼй
ұҪǸӵıܣʡüûңǸˣҵļƻ˿գֱͷһһε׷ĲУңҶӣҲӦú𣿡
ӦãǰˡȻﲻȥһ֮أ
ŮҶĻ֮Աǣ㵱أҪ赶ɱˣҲҪңҸɣҲ˵ǹʹ
ҶǺЦˣֻǺĵһ°ˣ㲻ȥҲû⣬ɡ
ɨһǱߵѾǸ˵Դյһ˽Ǹӷǳȡ
Ҷһ䣬Ů˵߰ɣ̫ˣ˼ųƱſȥ
Ů΢΢һЦҶͻȻ߹̨ʱһ˶Ůһڣ˵С椶Ұԣһһˬ
ߵļ˶˿ڣԻﶼŮüͷ΢΢һ壬һһԵİΣ˵ԴһӣԴʱѪ졣
ոڵģҴǴ磬缸С椴ȥ湻˾ȥ
Ůһ£ǸͲɲСһҸһңȵ˰Сֵʱ򣬵Ѿ߰˸Ҳ̶õɵӡ
ưעʱߣȻҲͿվŮҶĿ΢΢һɨͷһ£һߵˣͷˣҪ֪ҶôҲĻ˳
Ҷĺǳأ㷲ߵ˵Բ¶Ȼؼˣ
С㣬ʲô¶ǲȵÿ𡣡΢Цţǳзȣ۾͸а̰Ȼôá
232˾ͽ
ǿЦЦ˵Բм¶ټ˵꣬Ҳ˵ɫΣ˹ȥ
˸Ц˵С㣬ҾȥɣһĨа⣬欵ıӰ촽
ûע⵽һ㣬û˵ֻƹҶǣҴҵ߳˾ưɡ
Ǹ·Ҷǵʱ򣬺ݺݵĶҶߵŮһۣŮȻۿһ£Ŀ֮һЦЦúܴݡ
ҶһˣͻȻһĨЦŮҲˣ˵˸ɫǳĬĸ˵߳˾ưɡ
棬˵˾ͽˣԼԻȥߵԼɯٳԣüͷ˾
ҲҪȥˣҵĳ˾ͽԱߵķЦŶ˵
Щεĵͷ˵ټϳͷߣ˾ͽĳĺ棬Ц
ҶŮ߳˾ưɣЦ˵벻˾ͽҵôҵҲƣ
˾ͽңǸа˾ͽңҶüͷʵ˾ͽǰ˵ӡܲ
ǼɲҪСǼң˾ͽڿƿ֮һĵ۹飬ҪǼպմĹңڹƸţŮ˾ͽȻмһˣҶӵĻʵݡ
ҶȻ۾һЦ˵˾ͽҲǾ޷ᲢۣҪŪǣֻּ̧Ҿˣ㳤ôƯôţıôأ
Ҷ²⣬ŮпϽҵˣŮȴ͵һЦ˵ѵôʱ䲻ҵò˵֪Ĳ٣ϧ㻹ˣҲϽҵˣվ
ҶͷȻһ㶼ûӡû˵ôһλˡ
û˵ǰɣҲѹˣһңȻ뵽ݱ£û˻뵽һһĬĬŵ˽ŮҾǸ˽ŮǸСҶһ˵ʮ񵭣˵˵һû˿
Ҷû˵ʲô˼ҲҪԼ˵ʲôһ£ʵ˾ͽҺҵ߹˵Ǵᷢʲôأ
ϵ˾ͽĻʲôôûУȻ˾ͽҵıλǰҲʲôؼ˾ͽҵı˾˻˾ͽ˵Ҳûа𺦡
ҵȻһ㣬Ϊôô£
ЩĵĿҶһۣԼŮ˶ãǲ̫һ㰡
Ҷóһ̳ϣʣҸܹ˵ˣҾģһҲûʲô˵ġ
ôŮˣĻ±ǸˣҲռţֻܲݹٷŻ𣬲յưɣҶ뷨ܲͬǰȨ塣
籾˵磬˿ӵһٸŮˣֻᱻ˵ǲ㻻Ůԣ˺ŮԶǲͬģŮþ԰㲻ˣҪׯһЩûĸ˻һ粻õŮӣǸˣ
ǰԶУ֪ʲôƽȡ
Ҷٺ;⣬ߣطݴƵ꣬Ҷĳǵĳܿ·׷˾ͽ
ǰ˺ݴƵ꣬˳˾ͽҲͣ˳üͷһ绰
С㣬Ҳס𣿡ĵ绰ûдͨ˾ͽͣ˳³Цߵǰ
ü˵ͷҲ˼˵ʲôܲܲҲסɣ˵绰ȵ˾ƵĴţʱҶ;˹װûп첽߽˾Ƶꡣ
˾ͽʶھư￴ЩԾֳһĨ֮ɫ̰Ķ˾һۣ߽˾Ƶꡣ
Ҷ;˾ͽĿ޶ãǵУǸ˰ˣһʲôɼƽϵأ
һ߽Լķ䣬͸һ绰ĵ绰ͨʱͻȻš
⣬ȥţǷžȻԼ˿˾ͽЦ˽欵һ촽аЦС㣬Σŵĸоһǳĺðɣ
233¼޻
һϽԼϴŵıͬʱ˵˾ͽҪʲôҪΪͿΪΪ˺˾ͽңҿɲ£
Ҳ£ҪʲôطСĻ²£һ룬ϸƤĴС㣬һȺʲô棬ǸоһǳĴ̼ɣ˾ͽѾߵߣͻȻðĵ⡣
;ԺһʶģǺܿ죬ָֻѣ۾Ȼһ⣬˾ͽ쵽ϵȻ佩סײһ󿩿죬Ȼһ⡣
һ㣬˾ͽûдУĿСˣȻҰңôʰ㣬ʰ㣬ҾͰҵŮ˶ˣ˶ˣҵŮ˶մߵŮҲǣǸ㣬͸ˣѾǧѹˣûˣ
ͻȻӿһǵСóһǹ˾ͽ˵վסҹҾͿǹˣ
ɣҵ㿪ǹأС㣬ҿôǹģɣ
˾ͽһָ߳һŷǳŮˣһǹ׼˵ãǹɣϰɣϰ˿ɺأǳҸ
Ů˾ı㣬űһյ崿ħֵӣвɵһ˵㣬˵ʲôأô˰
ҹ˾ͽһУıճյĿ˹ȥǰҪĵЦͻȻһ죬˾ͽŽ߷ɣغȻĵЦ˵ллϰ塣
ӣȻǳܣӳѪ˶ܣ˾ͽǰʱ۶˰һӵ
˾ͽҽ˼ǽž͹ЦϾȻˮƵģȥӵûʲôۼû£
ãͲҪ׷ˣĻǲģڶˣҲǲ֮㲻֪ڿжôĺţֻűϰĴȣֻСһͰĵĿ˾ͽ
ɵˣƶˣ˵ʲô֮زز֮뷨
˾ͽ߿ǸѪı㣬һ·һ߳߹ȥоԼȹڱ⿪;סŵˣȴһˣҲ治סˡ
پʱԺͻȻһϤǲظĴۣԺҪٸҷһΣҾͰȥһӺ˵ţʧˣͻȻָûжֻ·
˾ͽߵߵʱͻȻʹһȭһ죬˾ͽ˻ȥײǽϣֵڵ̺ϣĹͷȻͻأޱ͵һȭȫ飬ȴû
һһ̣ѾһУֻˣ㣬Ķأ
Ҷƿ˽һӯӵ˹ͷ˵ңҴˣҰɡ˵ţˡ
ҶСŮްûˣС̾һתߵ˾ͽǰһţʱ˹
㣬ʲô㵽˭ûгѹ˭
˾ͽүҵŮˣ𣿡Ҷ˹ıһΣСϽܹȥѱŪԡϴ衣
ŪܵģѾû꣬һӡҶһ䣬һſڣ˽ζĿŵϵ˾ͽ
˾ͽʱˣһ˾ͽҶ˵ûǷңҲɱ㣬ҪȻĻǵ鷳ǳĴ˾ͽȻʲô壬ȴҲ˭۸ỹӣ
ǲӣҲʲôӲӣҵˣְѹҵĶϱŪ˲˹ӣѽҴС׸ˣ˵˾ͽһᱣǼܱܲסһܴ˰ɣ޳˵Ҫǲ̱ǲ̱ģһ̱ͦҪġ
ңҸûЩ飬㣬㵽˭ΪʲôҪô˵˾ͽоЩȻǰĸͲͬЩܻԼܻܲ
ߺߣûܿͻˡһٳֵʱͷѾһŮʧһ£ٳֵʱֶһٸ
234ծ
㣬߼޻ǵ˭̫ˣ˾ͽоԼҪˣǵһθŪأǰڱˡ
Ҳ֪߼޻ȱ¶𣿶ЩҲԩ㡣ҶŮ˶ˣҪôǻˣҪҼ㿴ôأȻǸŮˣȴûаŮ˵˵˼
Ҷüͷ˵̫˰ɣЩ㲻嵽˭ͷˣôôǿưǿƵЩӦƫƫ벻ԵУ𣬲ԱʲôʽЧڴ˾ͽ˵
òССļƻɹ˾ͽҾͻһţǳ϶ٶ֣ʱ˭뵽Ƕأһỳĸĺ¶ɲɣҪǲҾȥұˡ㿴ôƯ椶˻ƣҲѾ֮һа취ԺĿƣôѭѭգҶĻժˡ
ҶǸˣòˣҪ˵ģǴһҪ˵ǳҲô¶
ɻ󲻽ʣղŻһŮߵӣôһתۣҪִݻأܲǣҲйڰɣǳĲ⡣
ûйڣͻˣǸˣˬЩЩ͵˵һ仰˼ҶҪīĻұˡ
Ҷ룬ͰŮңʱѾϴ裬Ŀ̵ԥһ£͵˾һۣҲ߽ҡ
ԼһСʱԺҶκ˳ЩأζһʱղѣһۣҴҵˡ
Ҷ˵¶ˣϷôݣЩ벻ŮȻǴģҲǸҵĶϱЩ졣
˵ʣµĽҾͿˣ뿪ˡģ԰ĵ飬¶ֻռ˴ˣûгԿ
ҶĻ֪ɷ񣬵ѾˣҲڣ˵ͷȥɫѾЩˣҪȥСħͷûУˣһԶٷ
ҶصԼķ䣬СħͷţСϱһί˵ʲôȥ˰Ҷˣ
ȻҪΪ㰡ôžôţҿûǸ߰ɣһȥҶȥ·ͳš
߽ԡ治һԡҵžͱ˿Сħͷŵ˽һͷһɰĹȻĿɿڴע£СͰϷ
Ҷɵˣһ߳һʣ㣬㵽ʲôôô֪أǵһôŵŮأǼˣ˽ʱҲҪģɲȻСǵӴľˣ߶δҲ̫Щɡ
Сħͷһۣ˵ҶˣʲôʩʩȻ˳ȥҶ˺һĴ磬̫ˣ
ϴ裬ҶСħͷȥȥʳ֣ԶʱСħͷʵιСһǸ¶ô˰
ѵСħͷˣҶЩܳҡҡͷ˵ǸУ̸ϳɣҲ̸ϲɣ֮ϡͿ
ʲôϡͿ˭ף߻ôأСħͷſ㣬Ҷ˶
Ҷһۣһ˿˵ҿɸ˵ҪٶҶСѾͷûУ
УôѽåСħͷͨͨԼšһµСƨƨղѣ°Ӷšһ룬ˡ
ô㻹ҪҪ԰԰ɰҶвԼ֣Ҫ֣æӾͲˬôܹأ
뵽Լ궼ûôĵӣûйôյʱ⣬ͷһƣҪСǵĻôأѵǴ˵еıӦ𡣡
˺ܶ࣬ҶСħͷûټȥԹԵĳԶȵǳͣصƵʱ򣬸ڷſڶסˣһòǷǳֱµŮɡ
ҶһЩȻСħͷһЦ˵кÿˣծˣҿô죿һΨ²ҵӣ˰ӣڷſڿϷ
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ŮĿҶһۣԹ߽˷䣬Ҳ˽ȥСħͷţϿϷҶһۣвһŲ鲻ԸСԼķ䣬ǷûйϣһСһ˫۾͵ơ
Ҷ벻Ůô˼ɲ˵ôãԹԵĻ
С㣬ʲô𣿡Ҷ̽һŮֽŮϽҵĴС㣬òƣͷŴС㣡
ջƮĿ⣬ĿҶ˺һ˵Ȣңʲô鶼ûз㲻Ȣңߵ˶Ϊв㣬Կ㲻õģһΪһֱϣҲôˡ
̯һźɫҩ裬ҪѡǰߣͰһĹȥӴǾǷޣҾĺܣĸչĲܺͽҵıܴǰδеĸ߷壬ֻҪ㲻ʵۡѡߣ쿪ʼͻһ׽Ŀʼ
ҶһЦ˵ߵˣҪô׾ͱĻôҲͻˣѾˣȢ㣬ƺҲ֪ߵŮ˺ܶ࣬Ҳǲܵ飡һǣҪǲϧĻǽңҲҺΡ⻰ǰˣֻҪ֪ϸˣӦҪǲϧһеĻǳֲ֮
ĬȻһϵҩ裬˵˵ĻЩҲ֪ҪǲϧһеĻǲϧһҲǣǽ岻ʣһٸһٸ㣬Ҳܰ˵ָܷܷ꣬Ȼһ֮󣬺¡һ죬һ¥Ȼ¡
Ҷҡҡͷ˵㱾£Ϊ档ָһһӰ˹ȥգۼ䣬¥˲ָԭ
˵ƻ׽ѣڽǿƻ˵ȻҶĻָӵǿ
ٴĬȻһ˵Ϸ˲ֹңҲһò˵㱳˱ұһЩҲһЩȻˣҾһҪȢңȢңҺҼһҲĻôǾƴһˣ˭ݣӵ
ðɣԣĺ¶ֻҪǸɵӣ˭ͬģȻûвͬĵҶ˵ֵ꣬룬Ӧòôļ򵥣飬ûи˵ɡ
ûû˵壬ԭѾ˻ԼԷݾеķҴүǳӵδ̳ȨǿҪǶԷ֪ʼٸߣǳأ˵ǸҪصĶ࣡һҶЩץͷ
ҶоԼԽԽˣЩŮйϵͻȻ䷢Լ˽̫ˣȥĻᷢʲôء
Ļһѡ㣬ҲѡԷңɣҶ¿ˮ̣ˣ
͵һЦ˵ĵҿԸ㣬ڷҰ˳ɾѾ֪Ѿ˯飬ҪȢңҺһԸң㲻ȢҵĻǼҺͷһԸ㣬Ҳɵúõɡ
ǺðɣһѡȢ㣬֤òˣ˭ءҪôңΪռ˶ıˣҪҵĻ㲻֪ʲô˻أЩˣ϶ҪŪȥɷɣʵǾ㣬Ӧøмң
Ӧú޾ǲǰˣĲˣҶĳ޳ʮֵĲϣɾôǺеˣȻδɷ򣬻Ͱģ붼ÿЦ
ˣ㲻𣿡Ҷȼһ̣һȦ٬ĿŽ㡣
һۣ˵ǲҪԸҺͷһֱһѣһұҪһң⶯һҵĻûʲôô
ҪôҶһ棬͵Сħͷһͷһ˷ţһͷĴ֮ϣ˼£ˣ˯ˡ
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Ҷ٩Ž㣬㲻Ϊ⣬Ҫռ˱˻Ӣۺ;Ծӣᣬ֪֪Լϣ۾Ŵ⣬ɣˮ㯣Ի
Ҷһ˵С㣬ǲףǰҵأǼٹ˽ѵأĪǶΪǴڸףɵ𣿡
Ĵ򿪣˽󻹸һΪٸˮü㴽ѩһĵҶһۣһ˼ʵںܶ࣬Ҷ޷̾Ū龿Ρ
Ҷûдٸ۾￴ԹޣֻһЩĺͲм뵽һЩ飬һ۾˵С㣬С㣬ַ֪ΪƸΪĹǲô㰡
˴˱˴ˣҪ֪㾹Ȼ˼ܣһСһЩġȻܴڵѾɲѡһǽС㣬һҵĶϱ׼ҵŮǵ׶ȥҪУѾȫûпܣ
״ССҲʶ벻鰡мŪˣǾǣҸûаôҪԼҶͻȻЦԼĴͶأֱǳŰ
ʲô˼
ܣ
㲻ҪϷˡ
Ů˶Ҷ˵ĻΪ˵İͽ㣬ǿʲôˣľôǼٵأƭˣҲҸõĽвУ˵̫ʵǳˣ̫޳ˣ
Ů˰ҶһӣҶ˵ǲŵĻԼȥ棬߾һ°ĻҿԸֳָģпЦŮ˶кݺǿҳ嶯
ҶЦ꣬ʮŵĿһۣȥһƿϣ˺ˬĺһߺһ߻Ц
Ů˻һۣ߽һ䣬֮ʹ˾
ô͡
ܵģѾҡ
۸ǣͷǵֽţ̫޳ˣԸĨ㣬ͷˣ޳֮ȣҪ
ǰߣǰǽǸǾģ죬ȻλŮѾʧȥ侲ﲻô֮Ļ
ܿ죬Ůʹ˳ޱȵĿҶĵЦţ˵ô˵ûдɣҸʲôûҪƾˣǿҪ֤ݲͺ鷢Ծһ֣ϵ˰ͽϣб޻
û뵽͸ҶˣŮȻõɽ󣬶ǸŮľôģ޶˶˵Ůܣ˵֮֮ȥŮˣûа׳Ե̵ֻ̣ͣĶЩرͰһ붼֮Ů
ࣵģͻȻЦ˵ҶǺ޳ܵһľ磬ƺϻͷء㣬Ǵģ
Ҷŵͷɫѿô¶ƵΪʲôͷңóһС¼
ҶǺһЦһɻ棬ЩͶ֮һ棬תۼͻҷ𣬾ȵĻᶼûУĿЩʧϣ˻һҡ
Ҷ˵Ҳ룬һʲôˣһ޳ܵˣ벻޳ܵļҪǸСƵʵ̫߹Լ̫͹ˣбҪĴۡ
ͻȻЦ˵ҶҲ̫ˣΪͷôʵǵϻװͷأзĺܶطװͬĶȻǻûв鿴Щ¼ݣǾԿĵûôѵģ㲻ˡ˵ΪҪ׼ĻҪʲô֤ݲֻ֤Ҫһ仰ͿˡҶûѡԼɣ
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ҶǵĿ߳ν̬ȣóһЩӰϵʱòϣŮһַǳµĳ̶ȣЩǶȣ̫ˡ
ǣͷװڡ
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ҶҾԸӣǶóʲôأ
Ѿ޷תҶֻ˳ĵСϱҰĲŮִ¡
һ֮󣬼ƻѾΣҹɫҪ뿪ҶԼĿܰ׳ԣְѰͽǿ£ʹŵپһδŮŮ˵Ĺ̡
ʣµļҶһֱæµŸ飬ֱһ죬ɽŮӵˣһ磬ݴƵѾ
ƵѾ׼صܶѾǰ˺ݴƵס£Ϊ˳ϯ˼Ķ
ʱܹĿҵĹϵǶôţ棬ٳıֻ಻١
ңǻԭͷʱڵңƮҡҥԺͷģҪʲôĻҪҴ˿̵ʢӵľ޴
ҶҲǾΪ׼õĶ͵һֱס˺ݴƵ꣬˺ܶ顣
ô㿴·ôϹ
Ϲûжʲô
㣬㻵ҪˣҸûꡣ
ҶСħͷ涵Ŀߣε˵úúãˣҿ·̫ˣɫɣ˫ͬɫĸ߸Ьٰˮδϣ𣿡
ߣˡСħͷſɰĹȹҶһۣŤСƨȥңſڣͷַһİۡ
ҶЦã˻֣СѾͷϷ֮ǰ¶С˸˹αӣһؽ˷š
ҶԼվȥԡϴ裬軹ûϴ꣬ƿԡҵţһ·һԵĹϣ˵촩°ɣ滹һһϰɡ
Ҷ˵ͷûгȥʣ㻹Ҫһϴûпΰǿǣ
ڴһɫٸ죬ɫĸ߸ϵЬѩȣⱦ߹ɷ
ƵĿ˼ۣ˵˵Ҳ컹֪ôأҳôûг˵ζ㳤ûҳɡ˵վͿ½ܿͬӤһ˿ȾҪúܶ౶
Ҷ벻еŮ˾ȻģͶͱЩɵۣǽһбȻȻķˡ
һСʱԺ󣬴ɫҶʹɫССħͷһ߽˺ݴƵĶ
ӰûѰˣȨ󸻺֮࣬Ҷ䣬Ϳ˺ܶϤˣ°ºһλɫŮҹƺƱƣЦҶһλ޹һλˡ
̫֮ˣΪҶǰһɫֻм˲֪ûкЩ˴кҲûע⵽Ҳط
һλӢҲڴҲǺһλӢһ𣬰Ǹ˲ӢһȾͷǳĲŮߵ˲ͬǾߵĸ磬ߵδ򣬰ߵɷ
ҶͲףɷҲ˵˰Ϊʲôһֱֱܱ֮أŵ¶Ǵ͸Ź
Ҷ˵ĿûнûһĽǵĹϵû֪ʱ˿̣Ĳʺϳһ©
˺ü׼ȴľǽ죬һؼһ̡
Ϲɶ˼ôˣֲİСħͷһƣŷǳţ˵Ļȴغ󲻷
ҶЦ˵һ̰ɣ־ۻӣź֣ʵĵĽĳЩҪˣƻ˶ĵ÷衣
Ϲô˵ˣСħͷɻĿҶĿĳһۿȥһɫŮһӢӣӴſڲź̺˽߹ޣ֮
ˣҶϤЩˣҲ¶һɫҶϵɫǾ㵣űʮֵѿ
238
ҶɫѿôҲ벻գ벻˵ĸ첲һۻϣ
ŵҶʶʵϲҲʶǵ۹̩ɽ׼ҡ¹̩ĳӣ£
ýϵǳãǽնʥһ㣬¹ĳҼŹ˾ܲͬʱڹҲŹְȻѾδĹԪϯ̳ˡ
˽£۹ϲ˶֪˸Ǹϱ̬ҪĻðڣͲбˣңһŵ۹˵ףʵǸ۹ĵ͡
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պⲻòҶͨӰһЩ龰ɫȻһףһ죬һףͷѪֱ
ҶͳЦҶԶĵطҶüͷ˵ô¶ôһأ
Цֹǵ˵Ұְ˵սѾ¶ˣһ֮ǰ̩ɽһִٳɵģҲ֪սǼһֱ̩ɽϵˡСҪ֪飬
ҶɫʱҰףҧҧ촽˵̫ʧˣ
°ºǸ첲ŮҶһߣһҶֹԵŮ˵ôһŮôһδޣûˡ̩ɽһССĵ֮ص˱ҿų꣡
˲ǧ꣬ã࣬ǲų꣬Ϊǻں𣿡°ֿһҶоһѸš
ǱߺߵĸҲڵ磬˵֪֪ԼѾҪˣ
͵һЦҪ֪ĻͲű̼ҵѾͷˣ㿴СваԼŮ˸˼ҵδޣôһ㶼أ
΢ЦȾƷû¶Ҷͷѣ˲µˣҪûкǿĿͺĳǸλ޶ԣǣϲŮˣˡ
һҶЦ˵Ҳûиô侲û۽ǶѪ˿𣿶ͷϵѪֱģúܽҸ˵Ҫ˻ϽЩͣͻѪɺӣٶҲûãʱǸӣ
ӣûп۸ڶ˷еãȻίһӣҪ˵ǴŰǺǡ
һۣڨڨıͣȻǾǱĬĬŵǲ̫Զδҵļ̳ߣȻǸ˽Ůȴû˭Сֺ
Ϊ׽ǲͬ￴𣬿зǳļɵη壬Сһ
磬Сã˵ʲôأôģ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ɫľһ˹źǳ׽Ǿ;֪ϷҲµְҵӰӼŵˣͬʱҲѷƱƵĴǡ
Աߵ̰Ŀ˾һۣȴŵòȻЦݣ֪ôģαرĶ࣬۹أؿ
ɨһۣЦŶԾ˵㣬Ҫˣ۾һŮ˾ͺ޲ܰԼȥ̫ˣҲҲƽϣҪǱ˵Ļһʹȥˣ
Ͳ˵ˣ˵ɫְֺףǳѿҪŭȴһ˻ȥ
ҪҵŮҪմǲݣҪǸ£Ļʵһ㣬ܵġ۾һɣеľƱžһˣŵһ£ûаѾƱӵ
ݺݵĵһֵۣһ۾;תˣ˸ʵˣԼʲôһˣ
ԽԽ࣬պվ̩ɽŮŮǸȦյĸױ̽ǺĸڳӶŮǳϲ
ҶСħͷѾ˾ȦӲԶһŵĵطɽ̩ɽˣһͻ߳Ǿﶯ֡
ڣɽ̩ɽǶԱߵķ̸¶̸ĲǱ飬˾ͽҺ͹ҽҵ飬˾ͽѾˣе֤ݶָ˾ͽңǵͼ֮նþǹҺϽ޿̣̩ɽɽǳ䵱ϵĽɫ
239һ
˾ͽҵ飬ڻֻڵ˼֪˶ã֪Ļô˾ͽҾ벻ҲˣҶǽҪ飡
ʮʱңĴĻѾʼһЩ羰Ƭͬʱɵ֣һӶӴŷۺ˿ͬɫ߸ЬԱС߽˴һЩ͵˴һĴʯ̨ϡ
һźţǾҪǳˣǶѾɢ˴ܣĴʯƴ˳ﱻһ̨˷硣
ʮ룬ɵȻϲ֣һ˴߽˼ŷۺۺдСЬӣݣţδͼ˹ֹݣ̩ɽֶӡ
Ҷ˼һ̣ôһɲǵֹͣΪޣΪȻǳΣ
ܿʶԼŪˣǳΣȻҪһЩҳεĶһźɫС룬˼ĶʲôûУѩ覾Ө͸ڷӳʮˡ
ˣҲŮˣҶʱһҪһԼŮ˸˵δ޵Ϸ룬Ҫˣ޷Ƶĳױ
ҲҶ룬εʵݾʲôأ
Ҷ뵽ԼҪ֮󣬻ôԳأ漴Ȼûʮȫʮ飬ûұˣҪǼ޸ҹңһӾˡ
ͻȻ䣬Ի͵ĵƻȻһҶԱߵŴ򿪣Ϊĸߴ˺һߴ˲˽ǵǱڣȻ
˾ɽ̩ɽǶЦ棬ղŵ̸Ĳ
ҶЦʱ򣬴ҵȫྲҲͣˣһŲ̊ɽĶϱ۹̨һӢˮ
ӢˮҪ˵ͻȻһ˵СˣȻҰңôʰ㣬ʰ㣬ҾͰҵŮ˶ˣ˶ˣõ֡ҵĶϱһáС㣬ƯǺҵļƻɹǸʱǣ۹Ů˶ǵ
ǸĻϳһЩڳ˶Ŀɿڴĳй˾ͽϷŮ˵ƵȻЩŮ˵壬ڳ˶ףӣϷˣ
ɽ̩ɽɫʱһ֮ûиע⵽ļˣɫǱȥ
ʱ򣬷ȻһХХѸɸ߿ûžһӰ׷ɣһƬڣһƬ
ȵƹʱɽ̩ɽѾڴӢˮЦŶԻʧɫŮ˺ͳ˺ˮ˵ղŰŵĻŵ˴ңǲ˼һССЦ棬ƱС㳪һ׸裬ΪѹѹɫʵҲѿֻԼûע⵽
ƱƵǺ̹Ȼ̨ĵг˸裬˶ĸ߻Ÿղŵ𾪳棬˷֣вٵѪмԱڵƹİ͵͵
°վڽߵӲ˵ţû¶ɣֻڷ
𵭵һЦû¶ϹҲаƽ￴ͦģôôأĻδ䣬͸°ڽšһѣһ΢졣
ѩ۹ⰡһأЩָȻЩڶƽˣˣҲ˾̾ʱգ۹˭Ķأɷ֣
°Ҹطϣطܰûע⵽ǶעƱƵĸС
Ϲ㿴÷˵زأСʵ
°ҡͷҿûʲô󰭣ϢһʱˣɽǷˣ̩ɽ˵ҲᡣСǰرķڸǱ䱾һη˶ܹĿ࿴һ
ǰ۹ͷŪһˣһ˵ҲᣬĿ֮£ݱ£ѰµķӶôµĻôͳ˷ӵ԰ˡһЦ°µĻһ¡
ڽ˵ŻҶͳЦҲ˵̸۸ղſһУǶøղǸ죬ûпĻӦҶ
ǣҶôΪʲôҪأ
ĵˣЩҹϵ׽ˣղŵ¶˶ˣûӢˮдǣ˭֪ղŷ˴¶
240Ůӣ
㣬ְôˣδҴҵҽԺ˽˼ӯӯʵ
˼Ĩ˵ȣ֪ôˣ˵ȥˣصԵͼݸһӹȥᣬϡ
кܶҲǳѾûЩ˴һ߽ԱߵϢңһ֮ͨͻȻЦݺݵ˵ãϻ쵰ҪôĻ¶ôıӦء裬ڿĿˣҪˡ͵͵ЦţĲѡ
ʱ򣬼ȫ۹ĴǶ֪ɽˣ̩ɽҲ˵Ϣ֪йЩƵ飬˻ϲ˳һǿԶ϶ģǾǵ۹ᰲˡ
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ܺã洫һŮҶᴫû¶
һҶ˵绰޹еʣ¶𣿡ҡҡͷһ
˶һ޹ž͸һ绰绰һͨǱͽʣ裬
û¶޹˵һ仰͹Ҷ˵绰ֻ֪Ҫ仰͹ˣŮܰˡ
˿̣㣬˶Ѿ뿪;ڣվڽ˵Ÿղŷ顣
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ʮֵҶղŵı֣治һܹģҪܺķӦǿУ
Ȼû¶֪ôûбҪŪôӣһ˾ȫ԰㶨
û뿪ˣҲͺûлڼˡСãúܳɫžƼԶˣ
һھƣ˵ʵǶҵĿ̱ҸͲϡҪʲôĵɣǿɾ͹ֲˣ̾һ˵磬ˣɡ
Ҫ˵Ѿ첽Ӳ߳˴תۼûӰ죬˿ŮǣͷǸ޵ĺʱ
Ҷ˿һŴ֮ϣСħͷϵ˿ڣСħͷǳİɰСסЦһЦǣ˿ڣ۵һ
ۻЦɵѽ˳ЦôģǸСɵӡСħͷԹҶչֳĸԵһ档
ôҲ𣿺Ǻǣˣ㻹һֱûиңʲôأҶʵˣСħͷӣҲ˵
СħͷһƬâҶϵ˺Ĩȥϱ˶ˣˣҪܳһʱܳȬҪһʱ䲻Ҷˡ
ˣû¶ˣԺúϢ˾ˡСħͷҶߣεСǳĿɰ
Ŵ۾ҶһͻȻ˵Ǹ汦ҸˣҽŮ
ʲôŮңǸдŮŮҶȻǸŮˣǲǸ˵ˣҪܻôͣǿǻˡ
ȴ룬Ůĵ˵ͷ˵˵ĲҾǸŮŮдģǺ˶׫ģҴûд飬ǶŮ֮ĶĶһЩҪåĿңûô޳ܣҵһУǴҵʦŮ̳жǶľܽᣡ
ŮǴ˵еľŮɣҶԽԽˣû׼һʴۺأ
ûǴ˵еǸŮûд˵еôǸϲȹӵŮˣʦŮŮӣرǿһ£ǰ
Ůôû˵йĴ˵Ҷɻʵ
ʵŮҲľŮķƺܺʣ޹ءͬҵ־ǽŮŮƺ뵽ʲô΢΢Щʧ
ŮŮСѾͷֲһǽĭĭˣĭĭܿɰȵ֣һɰһȡôˣĭĭҶͲ˼ҷԵĻᣬϵİŮĭĭ
241֮ϲ
ĭĭܺ֡һϲţҵСϹСħŮͻȻ欵ЦûзӦʱ򣬾·ĻʱѪڵơ
˱յ飬ͱ÷ǳ⣬§ŰڻСѾͷӣûΪƣ˯˹ȥ
Ҷ󣬾ˣʱ䣬Ѿʮ࣬ȻѾֹһ죬һȴ˯һһҹ
˸û̩Ҷϻĭĭ㣬СѾͷѾڱЩȻʧ㻬СӣСѾͷʹһŹǷ˽һʱ򣬳·ޣ۾ֱˡ
ĭĭһ죬һ仵ˣߵСЬһ˱ѣĸ첲ı̾˿˸λü˯
ľ÷㣬˯˯ţҶűյ飬ȴζ˯ţޱˣû¡
ͻȻ䣬ĵ绰ùֻ˿ʾǱյĺ룬룬̾˿ǽ˵绰
绰Ƕ𽹼Ϲû°ɣﶼſǱյ
ţû¶Ҷеܸӣ֪ԼӦõӦú
ߵʱ˵ȥִһΣյ񣬿ѵǸһδǲҪĻҪأĸܹ飬Ǹˣ
ҶͷˣҲҶ͸ĸԴĲ֪ôͣȥִģǽžͷԭν񣬾ǸǸδޡ
ǰٰ㲻Ըڸĸʹ֮󣬲òͬŻ£Ϊһ˵İΣΪļһûѡ
ǣҲǳҶ֪ʲôһȻƣͺҶ˵ģأȴ͵͵£ûк˵Ըθܲµõ
벻ô͸ˮ棬벻ǣҶȻȥɱɽ̩ɽһɹˣɽѾڽȥ̩ɽݴˣһֱֻҶϵˣ
¼ȻϢûгڱˣ˽ûм˲飬ҲΪ飬̼ҵ˾תֻΪǼ֮Ҫ̩ɽҲΪɽԵʣɽһ̩ɽַϵһֻ첲۹ƾҪϴƣ̼Ѿû˹ǣһ¹ңգ
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ĩ춼Ϣգʹһϣ˯һֱҶĸĴͳĿÿܶһΡ
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ĸŮ˷ѧԺţŷ˴򶫲Զһģƴĵз˵
ͣ˸ĺóҶ˽ǵľκƣֻǾưɣǵĹģĹģҪϺüֹ
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ĸߴӢ˱ıյĸŮǰЦװᣬе˼ЩΧ۵˺ǵͬΧˮйͨ
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Ҷһָɾ䣬Աߵ˶ľʿڴҶѩŮʹҲ벻ԼһľСѾͷô𱬣𱬵飬ǰȴ˽ɫһֵ˵ۡ
ʣµˣҲûѱˣСѾͷڵأ漴ʮ֪ʲôطðˣһĽĸ˵ͬﶼסߣĸҲûˡ
ҶѩǶ£ȥڵưɺȾݰɣҲǷѧԺѧǵľۼ֮أĸŮ˸ط£мŮ˹ǵߡ
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ĴͬҶĸֻͬǴСһ𳤴ĹۣĴϵҲϵ
Ҷ벻첻ҲôôﲻҲμӱķ˱ɲأ˵Ĵиͷ߳Ըе̨޼ֺˣ÷ǳŮˣһɫȹͬɫ߸ϵӵųĺͳףһ˫ûһ˿׸ʵѩ׵ĳȣ˴ѡ
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͵һЦ̨ѧ㣬㲻ǴСѧ𣬲ôţҪҵСϹСѧ䣬϶ʮôţҲμδʱһȥȻȻ
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Ҷѩ赭ĿΨһû˵Ϲ˵ϹǾѧԺȫӽϼɣξͱȱȿĴСŮ
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ҶСѾͷһۣݵ˵ҺǱЩѹΪͥΪǲ̫ƽ̫ƽǷǳԽС
ҶʱͻȻԼġҡʵҲǸȡ֮Ҷļңһãһ㣬һС̣һ裬һѣһˣȻŮ
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ҶʵҲƽ񣬶һŵڣ֮ңֻɽ©ˮˣҪƸδؾͱЩ٣ҪĻȷʵĲ硣
ҶҶž꣬ǸͷβСĽҶҶ꣬ʮ꣬Ѿ飬ڼдǸĵңҶҶŶʮ꣬ȴŮһϳɵҶվһ𣬲ãǺҶҲ˸оҶһЩʵǸĴڡ
ͬҶһĴ˫̥ãҶõСҶ֥Ҷһ޶ҶǣǷʮȴúŮɷ绪Ҷ꣬ҲֲԼŮ˭˭ǴһģһĻ
ҶҶ֥ͬӪһţҪݽױƷŮ鱦εŮйطҵҶҽһҽϲȦǳŮԡ
뵽ǸңҶЩ̾ϢԭҶŪʲôطȥˣҪʧ˵Ļ뿪ʱǸԭҸļͥ˲ҡ
ǷҶԸʱԺﴫŮӣ벻㵹Ǹˣİɣǻûĵ̶ֳȣԭǸСѾͷǸǲסǸĵ£ҪĵĻȥҸȥķ
һǸʧˣҶҲֻҪûĻǾͺܺá
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ˸飬ͻȻʶԼôôأǲΪԼŮΣӰԼǰۺأɲϲ
ʱҶͻЩವģѱСԼѽģعһͿǸСڷŭѵĿԼѩѩ׵СȭͷҪҧƵġ
ʲôҪҧ˰ҧҧҧ죡ҶֽҪҧСѾͷСһס۵һ˼ĭȻĲһۣһһ㶼û˷Ҷ¸Ŀˮȥ
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ҶǿЦòУĴ˶òУҶЦ˵Ƕô¶һѿѵϴּ۸˲ɣ
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ҶǸջصҶׯ԰ҶѩĸҶҲصׯ԰һ͵竣ʹѾãһǣʱǲӬ˳һ˵ǵ߲ͣ
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ǲû뿪ׯ԰һֹһͨټϺЩƣ뵽һж
ҹɫҶǳһٷ֮󣬾ȥӾӾʱϰߣŮһЩƣȹ֮ŮǾͶоƤӷûһͶ˯˹ȥ
Ǹ˯ûһҶǾ͹Ӿرߣĸ˵ˣǶѪӿѪڡ
ҶȻǺȶˣǵԼҲ˭ҲãŮǽҪһͬˣǵĽգǶѾȲˡ
ɾǸҪʱͻȻһŭ𣺡Ҳóˣץȥ
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ĸŮʱ򣬷ѾҽԺͷЩۣӶЩ飬ҶѩĽҶѩǽ˵Ӿˮ⣬Ƕ΢жˡ
ҶѩˣҶȴûţΪ֪һʵ࣬һֱѣҪҶͻȻֵĻʰҶǵˣˣǵĽֻӵıҡ
ȻѾȥˣҶͲˣȻҶҲ˵˵飬óͷҲõ˳ͷһҲûбҪȥƽϣҲûܵʲô˺
ҶҽԺ˰죬͸оõòˣԺ֮ҶѩΪһЩҲΪѹѹʹȥ׶侩
׶侩ҶǰҲʱһݺԱ벻ʱãȥͳ˽Ȼͬһε棬ֱ鰡
Ҷſɫ߷ֿͬɫĳͬɫСЬӣһˮķ崿֪ԣǳĶˡ
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ҶҲװӣϲ飬֦ҲǰͺϲֻⱾϵݣȴԶԶûôôȫʱݵʮ֮һֻ°ˡ
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һ룬СѾͷʱ;ɶˣҲҶЦ
СźûҸˣ¶ʲôһζ˵ζûгǰ׻Ⱳӡ
ŮɽŮͻȻ˵һ仰ҶҶѩʹĶȲѣЦЩޡ
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ڰʱ򣬷ɻͻȻƽˣͻȻεɻĹƶʧˣֱķ羰÷ɻаȻûаΪļ
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Ůȥˮ˼棬ҶѩҶѩǼŮﶼԢҶڵִ԰ҡ
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Ϊ۹࣬ξĻģ侩Զ޷ƣһֱ֮͵ĵطЩˣƴѸٳ١
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ģùӶҵԴǲǻˣ֪˭𣿡
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ҶǻڼԷȫûѸղŷ鵱¶ʱһŮ˽ҶѩĶ˵䣬üͷ壬˵ͷŮ˳ȥó˵绰һ룬ȴûвͨ
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Ů˱仵ֻҪһڣ˽ڣûʲôǲˣҶĸܵһ㣬Եڶһ磬֮󼪣ŮһҪȥС̣ЩҪ죬ңϻģ
ŮúͿһ֮󣬿ű˴˵ӣЩ˼Ͻ·ϴȻ͵һжûзƵģ˭Ļ¶
ͷԺʮа˾Ҫܳʱ䶼ֻҵˣ˭ڷɻϵʱǶͰ͵İԼ͸ҶǸأԩ
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Ҷߣϧ˸ռЩ⣬ûжʲô˺ȴеľˡ
Ҿ㣬Ѿ㡣ԹԵĻһԭ㣬ĻҾͰĸƵﵱС㣬ֱΪֹҶС°ͣһڣ޵˼ڣвȴúܺ
ҪΪŻ㣬ҾúĻĻôɵģ뿴ôƯˮ۵ŮӣһкܶԸΪ㻨Ͽëĺú棬ҶЦúܻҲǳĻŮëȻ
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ĻûȤˣèһһֻӣèȥأԽǻõĺӣèԽǶÿģ
ڣҶֻĵèŮֻСĥĥʱ䣬˵˾еĵۣء
𣬻أСڶҳԵˣҲûҵĽжҰʱٳԵĽúƯСԼò绨ţָоһǳˬڳԵ֮ǰҪȳ㣡ҶͻȻŴͣСѾͷԼĻСҧȥŵһУҧһ¡
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ǣ˯кߴӣ캰һЩ߽СȻĻǸ֮£ǸûûεСѾͷ
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Ҷصһ˯һ֮󣬿ʱ䣬ĵ࣬ŮûлأЩģͻȻ
ҶȥţҪ˭ȴһײˣһСѾͷŻŵ˽ţӾأСವһӾʹڽ˸¼棬¹
ţҶ˷ţ߰˸ӾµŮڣΪ׵ǸŮѧУһͷѩĻò绨
Ҷ㿴ûһСѾͷŻɫӾ£ѩҶܿϾΪвСŮҶҲպգȴѧͷ֮һĽѩѷɫ
ҶҡҡͷҪţԱһĶ̷ŮЬСѾסţ˵ҸղͿǸСѾͷ䣬ôûпأѵ۾𣿡
ҶĴšһѣһУʱͮͮģԭšĴȣ˳ֳЩѹôķӦ
λ磬ôķӦʶжɣҶЦʵղźĸܵ˼ǸʵŮǺ欵֣Ҫô̱˵ǸʵСỤ̊
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ѩֹͺЩСŮĶЦ˵ȻûпĻǾ˰ɣߣǼȥӾץǸСӣһҪǹڷ˹㳡ϣչ˹ͣ
ѩˣǼŮåԶͷҶأӣ϶ô¶ģǸܵСѾͷ鷳
Ҷ˷ţȥ˵ԿʼûдǸڸ¼СѾͷֱ˺һϷ¼ŲĵĴ򿪣һͬް㾫¿ɰС¶̽ͷ̽ԵĿ˿ûзʲô飬һСŹҵСؿڣСèһߵҶ󣬿Ϸ
СѾͷûһͿʼֹ̫ˣ̫ˣʲô׶԰Сˮƽ̫ˣʵ̫˰
Ҷģͷһ˵ϽĴȥӣ
ˣĳСﶼ˼˰ģңҿ˵ʹ߳ŭˣߣ治ôˣһСô̫ûˡʲôҲߣͲߣҽᣬҾͲߣҲߣҪԼߣ㡣ءۡ
СѾͷŴţ۴ҶСѾͷûа취¶һаӣƯƯСϳ˶СѾͷûһͺҲ˿ޣ㶵ĿҶС㾿ʲôоְӶƮƮء
㣬ռұˣǻˣǻ㡣ſңſңСѾͷſ˴ţӲҶСѾܣҶȴһѱס˴ϯ˼ϡ
СѾͷ浯£ҪܣǸʧСɰһͿҶٺٹЦһһεİ´СѾͷϯ˼ӣʮ֮СܲˣڴŻСֲͣ˵ҪҪ㲻ҪһҧģҪѽ
Сñϣ飬СѾͷľۣЩֻС˵СӰŻᷢĹڣϣΪ˶һЩŮå׷ɱ˸åĴڣԵøɸɾԺĻᶼûˣɺް޵ðһСҧˣ
ϧСѾͷֺίûбֶ೤ʱ䣬ͱһ״̬һԼԺ붼˼״̬ԸСҰèҰС蹷״̬
֮ҶСѾͷڴԡ裬СѾͷƯĴۿСﲻͣţͲǸ㣬Ǹ֣Һ㣬ĶˣҸû꣬Ҹûꡣ
ҶķֱЧķʽСѾͷĲȵϯ˼ϸ§Ĳһ۵ö˵ʱѾһСʱԺ¶ˣ͵ֱ֣һͷҰޣ
Сã˵ĽסĽ㵽׽ʲôְֽʲôأҶűСӣоǱһСյˣЦӣзǳĿɶ
ߣʱˣ㻹ʲô㣬㲻ǰҽǶ˰ɣѽᣬִҵСװףˡСѾͷԼСƨƨࣵĿҶСѾٵܹһͰˡ
˭ѵǴģҶСѾͷúʹмƣûдôĶˣ崿¶ǳȣСŮʱǰ붮ȵúܵĿɰ䣬ҲаϲðƭǣԵǵʱ
ҶҲ䵱һаĽɫ˼ôɰСԸĨˣĲúú˼ңֱ̫ҪˣƤѾĿԺ͵ؿ
ôˣ֪˰ûҵĽǴģİãСҪĻ͸ϽİɣղҺķϡƭˣͲҽ㣬Һˣء裬㣬۸ң۰
С۴ޣ˵޾ͿޣˮͷƵģһšУҶ̾ѣ̾ΪֹǸãȻҲͨˣҲǸС
ҶøղԲˬİ취˴СĿܿͱһСһɰĻ
ȵҶѩŮʹڻʱ򣬴СѾĵˣʵҲǳĺ¸֪ѾСѾͷСŮˣ̫ˣɲֻ͵͵ĸҶĬĬʱ⣡
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û뵽뿪ʱᷢô飬ɫҶˣ˾һȥѧУʳóԷˡ
ѧԺʳͨ͸߼ֵΣǰһѧǾԷĵطʳܺãҼ۸ǳıˣߵĵطЩϲһԷݳ޹˻͵ȥĵط
ҶȥĴʳãŮһ߽ʳã̾ͰѹעĿͶǵϣŮ
ĲǰŪԼϲԵĶŮſһ߳һ˵˵ĿⶼصԼķϣֻ˻͵͵ĿǣǻϾǶһˡ
ҶԵÿģͻȻһһɫ߽˴ʳãһҶǵǰͨһУҵģҵĸΣķ֮ҵƢҵθûҵζҵҵķΣŻҡ
Сӻû˵꣬ͱŸְĲһٺһһأģİ׶ζãᵱĸηΣ˵˵˵
һٺǸСӴǸأֱͲһʱ˿̵ı״
ʱм߽˲ĴĺڵϲҲ̶õСӣͷ˴һ·ߴӢףüͷ˵ģǲϲ˵ģ뿪ҲˣҪ̫˰ɣ
ôˣúõĳԷأ͹ǣŪθڶûˣģҪٸôһΣҾʹ趼ϲߡĺһڱĹ֭Ȼŭδ
㡣˵ĽüȻҲǳҲڱŭıԵҲѹ֣ڵϵСıܣŪһǸθжûУһûиԴôܲأ
ôңҪΪѧУѧϯܹܵôǣͻñҪôɣҲմҪǲԣ
һ㶼λϯӣѩ׵׺ܿͱεɫ첱ӴֵģʱڵϵСһϣЦ˵磬Ҫû¶ǹЦģ벻Сôϲ磬缸ͣȥСʳǱߺȼ飡
˵꣬СЦĿ˴ǼۣЦһ˸оܲζһŤ̬аЦݡ
ҪѾ߳˴ʳãŵɲǣǸСֻͷĿҶǼۣҲͶһۣӣѾˡ
ǸС˭ҶʵȷʵʶǸСӣʶԭҶҲʶ
᪷ҵӣùüҵĶӣһ׳գŮм˵СûţҶһֻϺ͵
ҶѩʹҲһֱΪҶǰǾͶҶΪģ۰˾ǸСѾͷҶǵˣܵŮ˵ҸͿ֣Ȼܳĳ̶Ⱦ˼Ҷǵļ⣬˭ҪǸҶǵļ⣬Ǿ͸ҴǸ˵Ŀ൨
ҶŸղǸСӵо;÷ǳĲϲԼвĵĻᣬҪ𣬶һһҪնݳ
ǸСӽʲô֣ҶϺʣһ䡣
Ҷѩ˵¶潣ûбټˡ˵ҶһʥŮ͵ԱߵЩǿ龰ĽּʵҪ
ҿǸСӲǸղŵգǶҪעⰲȫû׼ʹʲôСߣҶҵŮˣҾˣҶĻǵŮˣһۣͷȴ˿˿ģаȫС
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ҶȥȻŮȻǶǷ⽨Ůӣܹ˿Ļǲ˿Ůǳڣ·ԣҪڹĸоöˣǳӾΣȥǱߡ
Ҷӿɿۣ۶Ϊ˲Ϸˣۻң֪ԭα¶ԼȻ
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ҶԼ֪ԱߵҶѩȴע⵽״Ϊ˲˿Ͻ߹ס˵עӡ
ҶŷԼĳ̬Щ˼ŮһݵɣһΡ
ȵҶָҶѩǾ˺ˮɿˮ㣬ҶһˮӾһ治ѣ룬˵ԡ˰ɡ
ΪŮĺǳĴţĲɵҶͺҶѩɢˣͻȻԼΧٵŮ߲ơ
ҪʲôÿҶװһЩ£װɲµӣŭĺǸպ꣬;͸˶סžͱŷɿһС۾ȵ۾ʱ򣬷ԼѾһ֮ڣŮڵĿɫдżа
Ҷ㲻Ǻ𣿻СŮǾҪúõһСŮ֮һҶǶôĶˣ˵ҶʶǽѩڵɲǰôׯŮ
ҶֵԼؿڣûڱεþɫĵﰵЦѣȴ˵ǵҪʲôҿɲǺǵģǸϽſң
ſ㣬ΰɣ첻úõ㣬뿪ߣǸҶ̹ŮĿ۾ֱðȻǸأ
Ҷǽǣɪɪǣǲк³ģϽſңͻȻҪܣŮסһ֮󣬾ͱŮץסϷܺ棬ղǸܵĹУǳ˲ٵ۶оǳãá
Ů۵ǰҶŪһС棬ܿ죬˸ָ
Ҷ֮ҡһƤ޵뿪λںĵССգ뿪ǸĵѩǽſڴڿıӰҧгղʤ
͵ʴף˷۱ǿˣ뵽ղŵǰ龰Щ˵
ҶصߣҶѩѰȥʲôط˵㻮һȻЩ˵Ҳûзֱʲôֻѡš
ҹɫȥȪȪ˸࣬ҶӸǴ۽硣
ҶѩҿպҶڵϢúõһǶڵˣϢ˯˹ȥǸӵľʢصȪֽ۸
ҹȻѾˣȪеԽԽ࣬ȪɢȪˮϢټŮǵ㣬һζǳˣ
Ҷϲֶ˵ܿһõ龳У˺ܶŮǶյȫգգֺ
Ҷһ˫۾ڿԼ죬ɫӣͷһۣʱһôһȪѾ΢΢죬Ǹˣ
ҶһݣһЩŮʱεˮУصϢңϽװ˯
ҶԽԽǾòԾζ϶⣬Ҫζܷ顣
ʱҶȪ﷢еܹ죬͵ϢңټȪ֮УȻһͷۺɫ˫Ǵӣ³һƵķۺɫ㴵ǰᵽζ
ҶԺϢͣһϢϣ뵽ۺֽˮһϹޣרȡŮӵıԪѪԼȡ³ԻˣԼͷųҪĶӶﵽĿġ
ˮֶ˵Ǵԣ䵽һ̶ȣͻƤΪˣˣ
Ҷ뵽ŲϵͷβȡȪˮкɫˮʶܿܵ˾ҪƤ˵Ĺؼʱ̣һξҪôŮһΡ
Ҷһ¶ǾˮƤεʱӽԼѪҺĳͻΪˣԺΪ֮󣬾ͻԶ˵ķԸΪԶū͡
뵽Ҷʱ˵㻵ģһŮԼūͣʲôʲôκһ˵һ޷ܾĴڱ
ˮѾҶӣβһ̽ȻϳҧԼָȻʧԭأĳˮжԱߣָȻһ΢ɼСУˮһͺˮһڣķɫǷ˿С
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Ҷ죺ĶҲס˵ɴŮ𣬽ǸС˵һֱҵ𣬽һˣġоֻʰ
ҶȪﵽǵĴСŮ̾˿ǶŪ˰ϣڵϣʹСϱصᡣ
ո˯һСҶ͸ҶѩŪˣȥͣ
ҶЩ飬֪ϵǰŮᷢʲô飬֪ԼϵķӵûЧǶ飬ûЧĻǳĿ¡
ҶСŮȥʳóͣ˺ܶףĵĹ۲죬ڳΣյķչǿĿⶼЩԾǾԲһ¶ûе顣
ͣҶǾ͸ɢȥϿΣǶͬһ༶Ͽεʱ򲢲һ
ҶԼİ༶Ű༶ͬѧŮкöȪֵĿ⿴ţЩͷƤ飬Ӳװû˵ԼλϣͻȻһۣŮͬѾСĿԹԹͷ
СݣšҸʲôҶһ޹ͬԪСݣסС֣ͬҲܺߡ
ĺ¶˵Ҹʲô㣬ҶҪҸ𣬷Ҿ͸ƴԪСǸܴͳŮӣ뵽ԼĶһĻ쵰ȥˣͷرѹǿԭҪδɷû֮ҵû
ǣһ뵽ǰҵ龰뵽ѣԪСݾ֪ԼҪûʵ֣ܰô˶ȢؼŰɣ˵ˣвŮŮģô鰡
һ뵽ЩԪСݵˮֹסίѹˮΪԼҲΪ˸ոʧȥŮʱ
ҶҪȰοԪСݣϿˣԪСĨˮԹĿһۣʱŹ
һ磬Ҷ֪ԼôȹģŮͬѧοʦΣ̵κ͸УԼҳȻ¼ܺߣǶ˳ĬֻǿҶ񣬶ЩŹ֣Ͼֵ̫ܳˡ
ڰһ磬ԷʱҶصԼûȥʳãҶѩŮʹҲûзĲԾһͣΪûΣǳ극ָһȻͿʼ˯
Ҷ֪ǲʹ˰ȥ˵ңǸҶСŮϷһʱ򣬺˵˻СѾͷںҲ̫įˣĻʮֵĹɿϲҶЩɣ
￿ʲôŵأҲȣľôãһ㶼ûƼ˼ҶСĿ˵
ô㻹Ұôôأڶˣ㻹޲ߣˣŮԼСѡ
Ҷ͵һЦ۵Сһڣ˵ôأͳСҲ᲻ð㻹ûлشҵءҪҪιι㣿
Ůߴĵһۣ˵å֪ô¶гԵģ㿴ǱţǱиɽˮˮҾͳЩأ㻹˼ң˾ߣҲŸ˼͵Եߣ
Ҷһڣߵǰոմ򿪣һʪȵϢһ΢΢硣
߽ڣҶ˺ֲܶһ̶ˮȻ粢Ǻܴ󣬵Ķǲ٣צһϵŮСֶָǰһó˻ɫʵĴ˵ҳԵľֹӣģǳóԣǳԵ˶Щ̵ģҪǸˮž
Ҷ߹ȥժһӣԼҧһڣԼŮҧһڣζȷʵܺãԵ֮󣬾;ûģһŻڶȼ
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СҰèҶЦŰһۣ˵СҰè۸ң˼Ҿ㣬ߣ
Ҷܿɰ㻬ɿڵСѾͷ߽Уֳ˼ֹӣץ˼ֻСЩҶСصҶСҶŮȡ֣Ϊ˺ԼֿҶСԴ˺ܲ⣬ԼСˣҶͳͷһ֣ܻͨͬһ¶ٳͷͷ̰ԵСѾͷЦá
ҪҳȥɣҪеϵ鷳ɶĲأҶŮ˵뿪֮ǰ
ҶСһۣ˵˰ɣҾŰɣͦõģгкȣѵļƷ񡣡ᣬңҳȥ治裡
ҶСĽУҶѾ뿪˵£صѴĶһͷһ绰
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ģСӡѾͷ˰ɣ˼븴ӣںһᶫأ㣬Ů˶ԼݳŮˣȣȡ
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ʲôģϽҰˣǲϲݵ͵ҪǸץҰѱɱһ̫࣡
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ҶһЦ˵ϲĻԺˣȥúõϡϡ歽㣬ҿˣʲôʱܹһΣСܿ绨հ
С龫˵⼸ɣȥ˳Щ¶Ҫ죬ʱúõĿ㣬úõϡϡ㣬
Ҷĵ绰˵εε֪歽Ը˵ҵ绰͹ҵ绰ˮԸ񣬽˵Ը棬Ҷ˵һŮҲǵһˡ
Ҷָһ绰Ѹղ˵˵˵һ£һһЩʵϡʹǰ˳ǣ
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ҶһЩû˼ʱͬԪСݸϢϽȥɽȪҪȻһ󳳴֡
ҶȻԪСݵвҲܵţӾ£ƷȥСȪ
ȪŮԡкܶϢңƽĻÿѧԺŮӣֵܷһ䣬Ϊƽʱ˶вٵϢҴڿõ״̬
Ȫ٣õķ仹ǲ٣һƧļϢ֮УҶҵڽƵȴԪСݡ
ԪСԡۣƽʱɲģôȻôﵽȥŮһȻЩôûװεҶЩ˼
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ҶʩʩȻ£ȥԡɵȪԪСݿǱԼҪõƤЩƣ뵽ǸвСŮ֮һǳСŮҲȻˡ
Ҳȥ·ɽȪûаҶһߣҶ档
ӱͲҪĸûпܣԪСⲻĽӴҶ۾Ե˸裬ˬ
Сݣҵʲô鰡ҶŲµԪСݵ˼ʱǴװͿЩ׺鷳
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һ϶֪ͨʲôط϶ǳխ޷һͨУ紵֪϶һͨһط
ҶվĥһʼԼʯһʯھĲξɿʯУܿ죬ͳڷ϶һˣһɽģ֪ͨη
ҶһϢԽţˮһطζӵŨң˳ɽһֱȥ׷׷׷ţǰͳڣ֪һȷ·ÿһУᵽˮϢ
Ҷѡмһ˽ȥߵ˾ͷʲôôз֣һֵĶڣͬȥǸҲǸͬ
վǶһ̦ʯڣһײξʧУǰһᣬͻȻǰȻһѾһާֲֲ˸ӵĵط￴žԭʼ磬ֱȴ˵еҪĺܶ࣬Щʵ̫θˡ
Ҷ˻֣ͳһŻ棬ϴһƬӣϢһصζ꣬˵ʲôζ
ҶͦƵģЩҪĳӣȻô㣬ֱЩ˼鰡ȥʱһҪŪһЩˮãȾʵݣһոµĺò·
ҶЩ᲻ЩѿֵǮĳӣͽŲմصǰӣɫĵ¶Ѩ߱ˣȴûҵˮӰӣطǸССˮ棬ζ쳣Ũء
ҶͣˮصԱߣ۲һˮؿǳʵǼܿɲ⣬Ϊ֤һ㣬˼ӽ룬ȴǼˮܣһˮȼһĻַɿˣǼڻ֭ҺȼմǸʲôˮذЩ£
Ҷͷ˼ӣ˵ˮҲǸСӣѾڻˮ˰ɣҪĻʵ̫̫ϧˣɰһСѾͷ
ţҶȻһӾ޴еˮȻʱ򣬳еˮȻУҲһӾ޴ְˮǣ˻ȥ
ҶʱҲһУлǣͻȻһţǸг˽ȥתۼͿӰӣǳˮɿĻָƽ
Ҷʹɵǰ龰ЩԺһƬããĴĮڴĮмһСɳϣԶĴɳһùʮ˺ϱֵĴдĸ֣Ʒ죡
Ʒ죿
ҶĸֺϤͷƤкȻһʲôطĸ֣һϣйʮĽͣеһ죬Ʒ졣
ĹҪϸÿһؾ֣úʮϣͲˣ﾿ʲôطأѵǴ˵еʮеĵһ죿Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ҶϸľҲ֣վһԼ壬ȵķԼѾжźû·ˣŷɳϣۡ
ҶһԼĹڣǳľϲ̧ȾҪ˲ƣûжһ£ɳһַǳǿһַǳӴЩԭǳԵԵúããĮеһɳ΢
ȷǵ򣬶һİ硣
Ʒ죬ȻԭڵǸ磬ҶԼط¸һֻһСԭǸռݵĸ߶˵λ
Ҷ벻ԼôܻصԭǸ磬˹ڤ˺ַܶȥŵûţɳȴ˺ܶ࣬ѾɳѾɳ棬ܺһƬڵĹЩãܵɳһľ룬Ҫء
Ҷͷϻľ죬ɳƺֲܿŭҪԭ磬ôɳѣףʲô
ҶͻȻ俴˺ڰг˼ө⣬ĵĹڻƶԱƵѸ࣬գ֮䣬ҰѾө⡣
272μ
ҶҰЩөһֺԲ͸СӣһСԲ泤ֻצӺһ˫۾
ĵө⣬ǴЩ͸ɢģϸһҶЩâʵһЩڳζСӣҲԲֹǻûĸצӣֻССǰצ
ҶЩСӦЩӵĺԺͻȻһŮˣӣǲԲڳĵĺڵļ棬ΪΣջὫԵӶΪ˫Σǳɳĵһ
Բڳ棬Ρ˭ʲôطҶʵ
꣬ҵĺӣòҪ˵ԲڳԵǿܺʵƢǳı꣬һŭ쳣ײУΣһǲԵġʱʣʲô⣬룬ҶΪ𣡡ŮˮһֶҵĻҶԼЩ궯İ˺ܶࡣ
ҶЩԽԽԲڳ棬ʵΪʲôҪأΪʲôطأʲôʱܻصԭǸأ
Ǻǣӣ⻹ࡣ
ǵģһֱǸкҲǸѧ
ҶͲԼڵľЦʳԳһЦЦϲ˵ӣȤѹ֡ǺǣΪʲôҪأȻбҪɣʱܸ˵ΪʲôطղþûΪʮ죻һ⣬ʲôʱܹصԭǸ磬˵Ҳ죬˵ҲһжĻԵŬܹȥԶزȥ
˶٣Ц˵뿪磬صԭǸȥǲԺ󣬻ͻֲ˼񣬸㶼ߵءˣ͸˵Щɣ㣬һ֣С
˵ЦУʵʧˣҶͻȻһ顣
һܺʵ飬Ҳܴ飬ķƷƤϣдĸ֣μǡ
ϻŵԼȻȴһ޷ǵ㣬һ£һԼ֮ѴԲڳ棬ĵһҳֻҳдо֡
һ֣ʸ񿴵ˣŮδİ£
ڶ֣ȥĵطһҪȥûȥĵطҲһҪȥ߹ʮÿһأҵˣߣŮˣ
ʵиУֻһֵǩ殡
֣ӦþʵɣҶаЩŹ֣Ȼֵıõ˼
ҶַһҳֻдţƷ죬ɳ
дйԲڳĽܣԲڳ棬Բ򣬾Ө͸צ繳Ѳ֮У׳ˮ֮䣬ɳɳĮ֮УмԻΣʳӣ巢ө̣ʳ˫Ϊ˫ΣײޱȣȺȺԣɳдС
ϲнܣΩΩФͼЩ֮£һԲڵҩԲڳ棬ҶǲݣΣﵤβ۽ëޣƤľƹīʯˮɳ
ҳǹҩЩĽܣЩĲضɳܱߵĵ֮ޣ󣬴庣ɭ֣¶ԭȵء
ҶⱾסˣҪһҳͻȻһʹͷһֻһֺֻԲԲڳݺݵĶԼСϣøֹһצ߶⣬գۼ䣬ԲƤС롣
Ҷסˡμǡ˵һץסԲڳӣžž۾ϵ£ʱͲˣһִﳶӽǶܶĳ档
ЩԲڳϾͿʼ˺ҧֻһͬ࣬գۼͱʳ渹еĸһҲ˳ʳֶûг˫εʱ򣬷ǳĴǵ㡣
Բڳֶһʳ޷ԼԵֻͬǾͻ๥˺ҧѸٵļ٣ЩϽʳԲڳѸٳ󣬳ȭͷСȭͷС
ҶһĿԼǰɱ˵ʵҵ龰ͦ˵ģҪǿμǡ˳Ѿľˣǿ飬ʱֻҪȥǣͲǵĹ
ڵȴһᣬһǸԲڳסĻᡣ
273ҹɳ
ڣҶȵᣬеԲڳ滥ɱһ棬ʼʱ̽һ飬סֻոճĽţһֻ۵Ĺ㱻ͬʱŪһָѪǸ˿
Բڳ淢һ˻Уðһɫһ˲ϴССөŨ䣬âƣ֫۾ҲʧˣǱһ㣬һѪԲ룬ԡ
ҶУþòɳ棬ʱɳѾֹͣϦѪҹ纣ε
Ƕҹ˸һѾããɳԶոմأĮƲһ˿綼ûУ֮һƬȣûаϢҶĺԼУХͬޣ
Ҷһοôãλõľɫǰֻϲſ鹹ȴʵĳԼǰХһı߬ǿ飬֪䣬ǿ龹Ȼģûע⵽һ㡣
Ҷܵһܸߵɳϣۼһɵڱɳϣ˲չ壬գһ̯ǰһȴпտҲǿʧټ
ô¶ȥأҶԼƣоȻ͸һĵı̹⣬һεӰ֣ƮʣС
Ҷüͷƣô¶μǡûᵽ¶ǶԴһ㶼
ҶԺûгʵ벻͸ɴ˼Ľ˫Ժ󣬴˸ĹǷǸеЩŮǣ̾һҹշ˺һĴı۾þʹ˺࣬˯úܳ
ƺֻתۼ䣬죬һɳɳҶȻ۾͵طѶɳţһ֮ǰ˲ԶɳİɳӣǱɳ
Լ֮һȺŰֻǯӺʹĮһѩɫĴзų˳һӣҶԶȥ
ҶȻûпЩзģЩԼϵɳĴһɳоззרɳĮУֵطеҶɳЫɳԼԲڳΪʳ
ɳозȱսǴôɣóȺŹозԽκһ͵ɳǵĲ͵㣬ִ󲿶ǼɳجΡ
ɳозҲǵ㣬ǾǵӾѾ˻˷ǳĳ̶ȣҲΪҶס˺סԼָ࣬淢
ɳɳԶɽԶ᲻ţҶĳһɳзѾ˳Զȥİɫߣ̾һģٴһͰҸҲһĻڵһ۷ǿߣطȴС涼ŵ˱Ҵҷϣ̫ɱˣ
ҶĶӹĽͬʱЩ䣬Ĵ˸£ѾоΧѸٵ½ֽµٶȣǵһϡ
Ҷ￴˿ѡ̫ϷΪǰķ򣬰աμǡ˵Ǹޱ߰ɳķ֮޾Ǹ
ɳҹҹ֮ͻѸٵĽֱͣκεﶼܶҶȻ赲ɪɪȥ̫ûдӶʮа˾Żᶳɱ
Ҷ˴ԼСʱҵɰͰ͵ϼʱȹҹ̤;ĻиĿܻߵ֮ޣǸ˵ĵط
ʱѾˡμǡʮ֮һоͰϼֲĽܣҶ鱾ժʣɫҶӣСΧƶɵɳ棬һϼҶȻζǳĲã֪Ҷܹõ弱ֺˮ֣
ɳѲҲҶǿ㹻УҶӵ֮һͱ۾˯ϣԾļĻӷ
Ҷûܳɹߣ֮ͱԽԽ͵¶ֻٳԼƬҶӣҲ˯ţͿ飬ĥ͵ʱ䣬Ծķʱ¾ͻů
ԽǾʱʱԽǹ÷ǳҶûоʱô߹ֱһĪļ尾Ҫǻб鿴ţҲĥˣ˳ɶˣʱ⣬ʵ̫̾һһ˲ͱĿˡ
274
գ飬罥ͩ裬ĻȾ¶ӳŽ
ĵĸ֪Ӻηĵ𣬺ڶߣֺԶģȴҶĳ
ѵҲҵĸԣôаɣҶа棬ѰǳˣȴʲôûпĮǴĮϼϼҹջǸҹգҲô䣬Ψг˲֪δҲ֪ǺҲ
裬һҹ޽欣ע
Ҷһ䣬Դסһᵽһ޵ıǶһ˫ӯӯѩ㣬ϸϵһɫ˿ߣ˿ӳСȹ͸֮У뵽һʣǱ
Ҷ̧ͷһһƮݰ۵Ůӣ˿УһֱʣȣüĿ续ʵ˵ã鶯ģƮģǲܱʣһļŮӡ
õŮӣѾǸ⣬ȫԺԲƣҶϸһ£ͻȻһˣƱƣ
ƱƣҶʵڸоҲǸŮ֮ƵĴŮˣ˵⻰־òԣƱôܽŲմصھߵĵطأֲ
˭Ůһ˵ʱ˸о䣬СԴǳжɻɰıʹ˵ĸо䳬ʮꡣ
ȻɲһʮСܹӵеģ˵ħģǶǲģֱħģȻŮħ
ô֪ҵ֣˺һ˫Ĵ۾װĶ¶ԽСˣҶһĭΪŮƺ·յİװ΢紵˺֡
ҶСѾͷĿ⿴úЩǵطͷһʱһ죬æ鵲סҪҲûʲôֵĶⱾҲǿ߰ˡ
ƱƵһ㶼û죬ֻǺĿŵĵطɻ˵㻹ûлشҵء㵲ʲôѽˣ֣㲻ǴӾǱܹūɣֻˣô֣
ƮҶǰϸĶֺĿͷܲڿˣڿһʲôСӿʲôϲƵģЩ
ҶüŮѩµΣ˵㣬ȻǲϲĿ⿴һ˧磬ǼȻռ˱ˣҪЩģ͵ôһָˣ
Ҷ֪ʲôطոտйؾصĽܣݡμǡ˵ڷƬصļ֮ĻǳĶӣɳֱһĴڡ
ĵطǰͳξص߾ȡǮǾϡȱĳЩԴõĸҩģұõĸֿʯԼʢĸСֲµľɫˣ
ʱܳūΪ޷ĿΪѪٻ߾̽ӡ
ô·أҼǵþӳūǴģôʲôûд̫ˣЩ̫ˣСüͷСʮֵ
û·Ҵʲô
ҶɵˣΪƱС˾ȻϴİݵԼϣǿտҲֱ֮۾˵ǵóĳһλҲúͼӵˣ
촩ϰɣòĴˣȻûˣ㲻ܲǰεĸ˵֮ԳΪˣĶ𣬾һҪ·ס𣿡
ƱƺҶĿ⣬ûһӺͲȻҶĳھؼþɫͬʱԺлһʱ˵뷨ʦеʯ˫ʱǲǾСһ㣬ݲȣ̬ţﵽµĳ˼뾳磿
˭ôʯأ뷨ôôأƱƮƮϼϣһûУǸǸϸϸ֦ҡҷûһ´ؼ
Ҷſˮ۾޲ܶѩӨļһɤ˵ҳݵһĴңдƷǳĺÿʫ̫дʫƪһˣ˶
275ƴʦ
ңôû˵ְޡҡɰСѾ֪ʲôطŪһë׵ѩСѩ׵С쵽СһɫĴӣԼķСţǲһӾʹų۶ϽˣƤСĹʣкĭͿϣͲʮ֮һ磡
ԲŶҲǹġСѾͷСЦĴ۾ת˼£˸ŽĹâװһС˵ˣĺڱʯӾ͸㵱ҹˣƤҲܺóԵģҵĿˮǴĲƷһҪһأϽ˰ɣȥҿɲӴ
Сӵ̬Ź־飬аǳϲҶȷʵܶˣĿˮҲֻǺӵĴ˸ࣺˣôһ룬㶢˼ҷཱུСƤСĹʣԼǵˮԵζɿڣǹƤֻܾСܷǵˮǳ𡣡
ʵϣҶǼʳǹƤС汾ͶǺܺõĶʸǣڡμǡ涼ʮϸļأС˵ĿˮǴǳһ˵ɫϣһͷܳζ̬йأʵ޹أ
˵ڱʯǺڱʯϵӣ֮ޱȣʿչڵľӿǿӾļʵȣСӣбʯ棬һֺʳģҲҩġ
ڱʯӵĺڱʯϣȻζ𣬵ȴΪƤ͹кжأֲҩãҲû˸ҳԣͶӵ
ڱʯϵĲֻһǾޱɳ֮е֮ޣΪϵĲܵͣӵĲ٣ܹԵڱʯӵˣһˣֻзҵĶײҡ
ҶЩϢоܹóһۣƱСıܲ򵥣û׼֮ĳĺ
ݡμǡмأ֮ﵽһƽĶƺ͵һǲǲһ¶һĻһȵϵĹﻹĻô֮޵̫ˣ
ֻڵԣҪǷڷƬ޼ʵϣȴ㲻ʲô˵ǲ׺һڿܿţҪ˵Ǿţһëʵʵ˵ɳڱ֪ͶＸƽЩδ֪̽򣬸֪ʲô̶أ
Ƿ죬һδ֪ܵ硣
ι㷢ʲôŶ㻰أʲô֣ҶθۣһӴϣӣֿϻкüأͰ⼸ӶྵˣȳԹʣٳԹӿǣԵĲֺ
ƱƺһѹȥӾ͸ǵˣĹСѾͷѩСѾˣѩСѾȴһ׽סСѾڲϱһĿɰֺҧڡ
ˣɶ񣬱ʦû꣡СѾͷˣСú֦ͮͮͷϸ߹ŵһƻĴ۾Ű۶СڿУࣵĵҶҧСССֱ޵еĿɰ
Ҷ˱ʦ֮ͻȻʧӰ٣Ȼ뵽¶С˭ˣǷƬϷǳ֮һ˳µһŮͯĻ滭ֵȺܶ෽Ĵʦ˳ƴʦŵһż飬֮ҵС˼£ɶɶɵµһ񾭣պյСӾ
Ҷһ뵽СƺţϾ쬵ģͷҲǣҹȴһĺƱƿɲϿô޺кǷǳǳкܹһӰ˶ֻ
ҶˡμǡжС¼ļһʱŻչլӣʱӹӣʱ򡣡֮ÿҪǲһ䶯Ĵ£ǾͲƱˣ
ĻƱѾǶʮˣŮʮͿԳɼˣ͹ʻ䣬һ˭˭Դۣ˭˭ĸ۵ĴŮΪĻ£ͲģҪǣһ첻ɼңžͱŰÿʧҪѪϵˣ
Ʊƾһ˴Ĵڣܶ˶кܶ˶ֱ顣
276¾
Ҷڵʵͯ˵ʵөͬԣصȱɱԣҶĳԺеʯͷǹһ׸裺վϣʱһЦ潿ȣһ˼Ľ񳯣̾̾ϡС
ҶĺɤʱΪͷЩŻŵģԲϣһ׵λ̳ŮϽվǵȦһ㣬ǳӡ
ɱڵƱСҶ׵ˮƽӵķ󣬵ɴһ˫Ĵ۾ˮɵĿŴ˵СﶼܿСɿɰķ࣬һ˿͸ĿѶ˳°ϣһӣʱͰ˿ˮСʶСֶͰ͵ʣС磬ܰ׸̸𣿡
ҶһϲһкôǹˣҪСû׼ͽˣ
ȣȡҶ˼û˵ĥԼôشʵʺܴСƴʦ
Ʊߵǳǳĵطһ˫Сֱסĸ첲ҡŽǵ˵С磬㣬̸׸ɣòãò
ҶñķĦŸ첲о񶼸ˣͨ죬ҪЩ᲻ãԥ֮䣬Ͷռ˼Ҳٱˣ˲ˮ۵С֮ĸоһ˵ã
С磬ˣҰװҪ׸ǲǣС磬ˣҲˣƱƴǿȡˣ׸ҪʲôܸңС˵ɣС磬˵
ƱƽεİŪҶͷⷢ飬嶼ֵģʮĸѹͷŵһƵģҪŵĻڶվˣʱѾĻھޱȼ޵Ŀ飡
ǸС㣬Ůܲף㲻Ҫ˿Ӱ첻ãҶƱƣļϣЩ᲻뿪һ˵ƣ˵ӵȷС
ƱƳԳһЦˮĴ۾Ž鶯Ĺâˮ߰ѾĲӣѾļĻҧĶૣС磬㣬˵ʲôѽʲôأֻ˶ѡС磬ˣŮˣǹйŮһҹǲǸһЩʲôůǼį͸ɿʼأС磬úÿŶ
ҶͣӿĿˮɤӺʲôסˣ˵￪ʼݣ￪ʼŻҪѪڣҪ

ҶͻȻ䷢һ춯صĲҽУͷһ̶ȫѪܶƤȼڱǱƱƵֲס࣬ûоܹľʹоĸо޷Ъ˹ļУ
Ȼһ˵ĽʹǲʹУһַʹҶַһƳĲҽУ
ͻȻҶĲҽ˴ЦеĽʹͻȻľĸо񣬴Цֹ
ڣҶЦֹסˣָֻǸоۣϿκһֻСͽȥĺۼ覡
ƱѾϮۣһնսĮĿҶ˫ɲ⣬ղаСһ˲ͱ˸߲ʵŮ׼ȷ˵ǣ
Ѿɻ棬㲻ҵͻᱻɻ˺ҧ꣬һļ尾㣬ʲô֣ʲôطҪʲôطȥ
ƱƵǰĴۣɭĳͣǳĻҶĶȴһһµײģĻ꣬һӴѹ޷ηֵ̿סҪȥߵ
ڣҶһ͹ƱƵǰ¶һĨĵ΢ЦɾʱȴͻȻһѱס˫ȣݺݵһҧѩӨ㱳ϣһƺߣ
һҶѪһߵԶ嶼ɳУ˺üѪҲѪŶѾȥĿҲЩɢ
Ҷ³һѪһ̲ѸɳеѪûüڵڶѾֻʣһСƬɫӰ
ѵķӣΪİ취ΰɣҲͶ
Ҷ˵꣬¶޵ź̵ľ֮⣬ҧԾ
277ׯ
ҶûиоͷʹƱƲû˼ɱҲûгɹĿԣͷҧһɲǣͣٲǰҧȥˡ
ΪͿҵˣҵģһжҵģûҵ㲻˽κ¶Ҳ
ƱƵ˵⻰Ҷһᣬе龰ڷٵƮţϱ̹ǣǷڹβ塣
ͻȻͣˣǰ龰ҲסһҶصˤڲݵϣǰԶǱ¹ԵĺˮȻѾǴĮ
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ò˵˾ͽɽ֪λоˮ˷ֲЩˮϷŮӾ˭˭ȻŮֻ֮һԵĸţȴ˲Խĺ蹵ЩԹŮ̾
ҶѾڸﻻˮ˺ˮʱ;һӴڳԼ壬ˮã԰ˮѸĳˮĻܷɿʵַʽǳʹ࣬һ˲Ըѡ
ҶȴҵһƧĵطѡںˮ־ʹĸо˵ˣ֮˲Ѿܵǰûоʹ࣬˷˼
Ҷ˴Լһʱ֮;ϲķ֣ˮʹ࣬ѸٵļᣬѾྡ
ʱ֣Ҷòˣչ׼ȥó𾪵ķ֣ԼͶãʶ޷ָ塣
Ҷףǰǿྡһʵʱ㿪ʼЩľʧȥ˸оѾȫˣѾ˱˵壬ûһ˿һĹϵ
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¡һҶԺпհһƬȵҰָʱԼһѨ棬ѨǳϤֵ㣬ˮϢ
ҶдϲȻǻص˵ˣ뿪ȥʱڵǸѨ
ҶŶһ壬Щ飬ǿԶѾվһתڵһͻָȣڵϢۻƥϰֻصԼˣ
ҶһЦ֮󣬿һѨЩ֮ĶˣЩֲҲûˣǸˮرһ׵Ĵ󶴣һʯͷȥһӶû
ҶҪ뿪طʱǸͻȻһʯͷʯͷϳ̦ʲôʪĵط˺ܶƵģŷǳĲɣϸ֪ʯͷոӽȥǿ顣
Ҷӽȥһɾʯͷʱһģڷô죬Ѿȥ˺ܶɣ
תһ룬񲻶ԾˣӦǷֻܶ꣬ǵָһӼ䣡
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ҶûдվԶĵطҲֻյĻë֨֨ҽеĿСͻȻɴ۾ֻСϾȻһƬֹͣ˼УҲټ룬ȥᡣ
һһᶼֻ˺üɫȵ۾ҲɫŹΣյĹâҶһۣȻһһ
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ҶһᵽϢջԼ֣ýһֻ͵һЬǰðˣ˻֣ðֹͣЬǰһƬǱǿѸٸʴĺۼ
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ҹǱ߳Ĭһ˵Ҳˡˣб;Ϣͬ硣
ҪҶϵ绰Ҷ̲סʵƽûгʲô¶ɣ
ҹ̾˿û˵ֻĬĬĹҶ˵绰Ҷµ绰ɫص˵᲻ǰ˼ƻ
Ҷҡҡͷһ֮󣬻ûаԼľ˵ϾǶڷľ̫͹죬ѡĵס
ҶͬʱҲڿǣԼҪҪȥ죬ǲҲĪȥǸطأ
Сҿң֮󣬾ͱر֡Ȼ㲻Ը˵Ҳǿ㣬ҪǵãҪһߵĻһֱԸǸˣ汧һڣӯӯȥ˵ҡ
Ҷ﷢һĵ绰ͻȻӹһ绰ɫʱӵأѿһ绰һ绰һʮ绰֮󣬾ĬĬߵ˵ͬһȻ˵㣬Ҫȥһʱ䣬ߵͽˡʵĻһһж˵ģڣǺʵʱ
ף㰲ĵȥ飬һأᶨĵ˵ͷҶһҰĵ
ҶֱףתͷҲص뿪˱ȥһЩ¶Ȼص˷ѧԺڿյﻻһ·һȻ˵ңҶСͺԤϵһͬĺܶŮһʧټ
ӵһ·е˺ɽ׵ˮѨУ߹·Ǹȥ˷ĶѨУﲻ֪ΪָֻⰻȻͬʱкܶĵĳӵ䶯
ҶֱǸˮرߣĬʮķͻȻһ޴УˮҲˣоһͬǸʧУ
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ҶСʦеС˼ⲢӲֻҪҸɽɽʲôǸɵӣ
ʦ֣˵˾ͽʫһӴˣʦ֣ҪҲʦһǾ̫ˡݵĿҶһۺ;塣
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Ҷ˹ȥֵֿȺĴͷׯЦİ㰴ڹϣһƴȴѲ
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ҶɨһΧ۵ˣЩ˸ЩһͶڨڨɢ뿪߻·Ŀ¶ɣӳݵĿҶͲû˸Сˡ
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Ҷûƴǣ̰ǾбҪһЩ˱еĹϵɲѣܱȶһЩ˻İҪãǣ⼸˻ǺԼסͬһ棡
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Ҷǵһҹգǳɫ˶ķ羰Լ㴼䣵ƣʶ㲩ȴҲƽ
ҶŴĳĿֻһСͽıн棬뵽ºѩҶ磬գҶ¥¶ΣģŮˮ㣬Ҷѩ裬ʣǵ˶ͻȻʧ¶ͷûа취ƽ
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ҶƺŵļﵹϾƣ˶˫Ӿƣ㹻ľ⣬ǿߣǻܵ𾴣ߣܻܵһبƵ
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ֻҪֻܽҪԷǽղǿߣô޵УҶ˵Ļ嵭ŵı飬ȴüٶҪĻ
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ſң۷۵ԼСѾȥȴֻǰŪˣԺС޼ĽӴ
۷ӵĽޣеˮҲԽŨأŮҵСѾһ޶кܶøеУůĸоĵ׷Ŀȫ͸ŪЩεͷ˿̸ǻң֪Լ鲻СͺݺݵһֻСһ£ֱ²ˣˣѵͲЩ
ҶһߺȾƣһ㣬һͷ۷۵Ľ̬ͷһֱڷָ˳˭أ
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ص֮ѾҹˣǿӶȸˣ߰ź˯ҶԼĴҲ˯˹ȥ
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ҶȻ󼸸ģȴûϽվɣ˾ͽ׵ûпǣԼĹһĹҲǽ̳ɫͬŵĴڣŵ磡
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ҶСɵһļѶЩţǷǳ˷ܣܹЩ飬ʱҲ
ôһ룬ԼЩ̿Ҷ뵽ԼʵʵҲûʲô࣬˵˼꣬Լѵʵϣ궼ǡ
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ŻǸϽҲӿٶȣɭȥŲϵ룬θľҲïʢѸ࣬вһЩйԵ
Żֽһеâ䣬һմȴĶﾹȻɳСɵǰɵˣ֪롣
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ŻĨһ亹м˵ʦ֣㰡벻ﾹȻҪǸҧϣƲҲǸзˡȥͣһ죡
һܹҪҵĻҲ졣ţô˵ҲǸӣʣŻҶĶҲǸ˼ˣЩͣȱ㡣
ʣ˿ȣֵСȶϳһɫСӣûнǰСӳһСðˮأֱ
һʼûע㣬ǰһͻȻͨһʣɫƣ۾ƣﲻͣŻĭӣСЩúܴİﾹȻ˺ܶСӣǸˣŻ
ǣǡŻǿŶģɫҰף˵Щ͡
ɫף˵ǻƽ棬ϵļ棬Ҳǵղһֱǣڱɱǵļ
۾ѲŻѾʹȥϵǸȴѸٵıɢգۼСϾͶǴиĻƽ棬ָĴ龰ǳĿֲǶˡ
Ҷһĸɫ׵ͬ飬˵ȥǱߵʯͷϴţøĻƽҧǾ͸ӵ鷳ˡ
ĸҲ֪Լﲻæ˵ֿµĻƽ棬˵ͷҶСĵ㣬ȥ˶ʮ֮һʯʱϢͬʱҲһ£Żˡ
Ҷһ㣬ҡͷ˵ҲȥŪЩҩƿסǸϽȥҵ֮󡣡
ҵ֮Ŵǵɱƽ棡Ҷ˵꣬һļ򣬾ͺʣ첽ȥ
κֻҪϸȥ۲оᷢһĹɣֶǶǴ۳ɶԳ֣һһҲΪ±߱ѳһֺܶȴҲܼרĶ
˵֮󣬱Ȼʮ֮ڵľ룬ѰʱʳԽ͹裬⣬
мڴˣҶʣѰҷΧСŻʮ֮ڣÿһÿһ֦ǲܷŹĿ꣬ÿһƬҶ棬ҲܲϸСӰ
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ʣͻȻ䷢֣ʦֵӰԽΰָɽֹĸо
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ƽܹȴǶĴڣ
ҶӹݹССĶһȻǶӽԼƤ棬֮죬ʣֱ㶡
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Ҷ˵ûûκεĺȴǺܺõϡŻĴ˼£̾˹
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ʣͰѸղŵ¶˵һ飬ŻҶǳĸмҶλʦ֣ôһѾ֪Ժô˼ˡ
ǸɶлҾͲ˵Ժҵʵжʦ֣ǸϽ߰ɣһ͸ϲϴʦˣٺ٣˺˰ۣһû¶椵¶ǸŰ
ҶʣҡͷŻ󣬻ͬǰĸѣɭ׷Ϸ۷֧顣
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ʣһѴӣֵǲǸүүǹߵİϴδûǲǣСүͺúõǳԣ
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㶼̲סˣĵ˵֪㸸ĸôģȵȶʶˣʶҲãЩϵϵٶӽأŻ⸱˲ӣТԴ󣬻ǻؼǵĶĸװɣǻںһЩӵ֣
ǲѣһˣ˾ͽɽߵ˭벻ر𰲾ʵ꣬һôĻǺǶϲúã
ҶҲͻȻСѺܾ棬ֻЦļȻȻ仯һ磬ν˻°쵵ȺеĶìһĳ̣ͣʱѾվǸǰеĶìʺĳѪӿ
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Ϊʲô޿ɷ棿ҶͻȻЦʣСѾã
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ʣˣǻͷԼһ亹ҶλʦѾǰǸŵˣڿñ쬵ģ˵ڻǰˡ
˵ӰھҶգ֮ɱĳ˭ܲºʵɱ˲գ۵Ŀηأǿߣǲ֪֪ߡ
ŻŪˣԼûȻԼ涪ˣǷǳԼţǳΪʦŭµԩꡣ
Ż漴һ룬ҶҪ˼ˣ˼Ѿȹһء
ҶֻͼŻһδЫȥЫβ⣬ָͷһӽԼǸװ˲СƤ棬ޱļǰ
ӣû˸ҶˣԺǾ͸ûϢǰ˾ͽ׵ǼСӣǶջ񲻴ȻûеõʲôҲŪ˲ٵϣϣǼֵζĸණ
˼ҵջٿԼƤңŻǶ̫ƽˣǶԹ緹;ʮֵĳ棬ٴܵ˶ǰ棬һҪջһˣ
ҶǵջȻǷʢĹʵҩĿȵȶװ˸ԵƤҺͱ棬ģѾħɭֵĸأֲӵïʢҵƺܵͣˮܶ࣬ΣյĶࡣ
һ仰˵ǽУǷǳΣգмֵҲԵĶȻЩţĶЩƣԽԽʵƤҺͱǣǸõطһƬδѵıأʱؾΣյͬʱҲʱջۣ
һƬ쫷ιǶϵľɭ֣ǰͻȻû·һƬֵཬཱུĲʱðݣһЩͶģĺཬðͷڶȥЩ㤡
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࣬󶼰ĿͶҶһֱû˵˶Լ˵ҿǻǵȵȺˣһôŲưɣȫǱߣΣأǲˣΪһ㶫ðղֵã
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ǽޣýʮƷ˾ͽ׵һĭ۾Щֱ
۷ȴ˷ܵĵɴˮĴ۾궯С֣Ҳſˮðð̫ˣȻý׵Сһ̫ɰˣ
˾ͽ׵沿ŤĿǲôܿôļһǸСһأôļһﶼСһʲôǴһأ
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ʦְ˵˵ôܶԸһ𣿡Сɷףű۽޵۾ͣգźͿ־ı֡
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ʦ㣬ɢɣһΣʵ̫ˣ˾ͽ׵罨
۷ҡҡͷУӦӭѶϣӣôļһҪǸԵĻǿǵֵˣһڱصã
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۷еĽҲ÷ǳľ޴һɫëޣҶѾ۾׼ȴҽȴֻ˴Լ۷۷ŭĺ
Ҷ۾۷ޱȷŭĺͽڽнëޱԸǸˣʱͷһ춯صĺУбһŰײ˷۷۵ϣһ͵쫷ͻȻ𣬷۷ۺݺݵɽǶʯУ쫷紵Ѩ¡졣
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ʱҶë޵ԱߣԼƤóһֻȥβЫһСЫӾ͵˽޵ıǿ
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ҶǰŸߣž˾ͽɽĵǷӵﻹôһͷĪ˵üȥһӶᡣ
Ҷŷ۷ȦĵطɱСѾͷͻȻ۾ԺĿͻȻɴһƿһСľʹϵ˲ݵϣˤ߻أǳ䵱ķ۷ۣˤ涣Ͳûˣ
㣬ҶҪѹˣ۷һҶչһ壬˲ݵϣԴԼ˫֣Ѿҹգһ¸߹ңǵ˸ż΢羪ЯһĨ
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ҶȴͻȻͣЩȻʧͷģ쵰Ϊӵķߺޣȴ۸ľԲġ
ҶȴͻȻɿĴ·ٶԽԽ죡
۷۾ߵķ羰ڷٵĺˣɫأûעʲô¶˵õĻᣬôķɱأ
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Ҷûǰɱ۷ϸһԶͬţǻڷӶͷȥëޡ
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˵ҶʶǺ·˾ͽˣûв´ĻǸͷһֱٳĴ˾ͽ죬ԱĬȻӦþǶ˾ͽ˾ͽŵİĳ˾ͽ
Ҷһ뵽ǵ֣ͻȻ̿˾ͽ죬˾ͽ˾ͽˣ˾ͽ˲ӹʦƷ˼
ʵ˼ĻֹЩ·峤˾ͽĽ˾ͽݣ߳˾ͽ˳˾ͽΣų˾ͽĽݸҲ˲е֡
ֻʮϵֺǱ޹أ˾ͽ
Сӣ㶼ͷˣЦʲôʮ˾ͽǸˣĿĿҶ
Ҷ˵ûʲôֻǾȤһΪʲô¶أڿ˵Ķ԰ǳϻ˹϶ûк¶ϧһأ֪ҾͲˣ
СӣΪʲôط˵˵ͿԲ𣿡ԼֺĶƤЩɭĿҶһ򶼺ʹͬˣڶҶ̬ϣһޡ
306˾ͽɼ
Ҷ޾ɫûзκεĴûκζԲ˾ͽɽ飬㳤ϻƹź·ˣҲ˵ʲôʲô򣬵ϻ᱾ͲعȻҲûбҪ򡣡Ŷϣ˵ϣӦһ㣬ϻִߣĵطǻԵĵطһ䵱п޵ĽɫдڵıҪŰ˾ͽ׵ʦֳʵϻᣬԻΪ
ҶܶϵҧгݣȻһЦңܹɱˣĹҲŪҼëˣϻĳϣһֱɡ
ϣұ㣡
ϸҪ֣͸ץס֣ϣɲװΪϣҪϵȣһСĿ֮ԣǷڰˣôɱأ
һƣϾ͵λϣɫʮֵѿϵɫӵɭٺٹЦôˣϣСĸǵĻҾһٸʣ֮ɱҲϧ
ĳϿһ˵ϣ⻰˵Ĳˣѵһĸ˴󣬾ͿԷŹĸҪݺݵĶԴ𣿴ϣɲ˾ͽɽĹأ
ĳϿһҶ˵ȻСЩײɽϲûһ涨ﶥײϾҪҲǷڣǲ˭ĸ޹ءϣҿʱ̫ˣɽ涼ˡ
ҿɣСӵ飬ܳϻþΪһС˺λô
峤ϵĻõ˴ҵһͬҶžͱȫҲ˵ж·壬˾ͽɽϻڡ
·˾ͽɽߵһɽɽۣŵҶƲʻڽŵºԶĵطƮţɽЩ䣬ȴⰻȻ˵ôߵĵطӦǰѩŶԡ
Ҷ漴һ룬ﲻǵ򣬶Ƿ죬ʲôϡŹֵ鷢Ϊ棬˵ˡ
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ҶеɾҲû·嶥ķզࡣ
Ҷ˿ûжͷ羰һֱԼҪҪھӵܵĻкܴļɹҪǽ·¸ļʾС˼ûеĳ̶ȡ
ҪҶ㲻¶ġ
ҶҪѣͻȻϵ˵ң˾ͽɽ׷ڷ죬м˸˵ܹ˾ͽɽȫ׷³֮ңܹõ
˵䣬¸ѾǰҶ¸㣬˵̺ϣҶһ˫Ө㣬һѩźȣʱһ㶣ôŮأ
ңӻһɫˣôôѩأ
·һ˶ʮֹĶ񣬿ڳʦ棬ֻǵһޱˣ˷Ǹ
ʦ棬ʲôʱģ
֮󣬹ʵղں·ʱǿƺưʦûлشĻֻǵһôꡣ
ʦãλΪʲôأ
һϵܲʵȴĵʦ֣˵أʦʱӦңÿ궼ҪһЩѾʮûյκεĶˣȻҪô¶ҵĶǲǱռȥˣ
ʦã⻰Ͳˣ˵ʦ˵⻰˭أֻԼĻ˭֪ǲԼأ˵֮ǰѾʮĶѾ御Ѿ뿪˾ͽɽ޸·ɽ˵Ѿ˾ͽɽˣٳҪǲǲ̫ʰ
Ҷжָˣ˾ͽվһԵĽڿⷿ龰ʮˣŮˣЩŵ˼
ЩŮ˵УһŮѩ£磬ƮƮɣ˫ˣ·峤ǵʦ棬ձ˵Ӧֽ˾ͽɽ˾ͽɽʦá
ҶͻȻ˭Ӧþɽ˾ͽɽΨһŮӣΨһŮ˾ͽɼ·ɽķˣ˰
˾ͽɼĿ˵ͷҶͷѾͺ˵ͷǵͽ׵ûмĴ˾ͽɹһǿϼһ
307ɽ
˾ͽɹкܶĴ˵˾ͽɽͽ׵֮䣬һֱòͷĺܶӢ۹£һ͵ţ治Ĵڡ
ʦ֣ô˵ĻǾǲˣʦ֣㵹˵˵Щòøң˾ͽɼĿһ˾ͽɹĿƿ˾ͽɽ
˾ͽɽһɷǵӣ˾ͽɽûһʶλŵģҶȴλŸһһʵȨͿһֱ˾ͽɹɫһ㣬ž͵Щҡ
ʦã飬ҿأɳϻһȽϺãȻţҲܴˣϾ漰˾ͽɽĴ£˾ͽɽЦĺϡ࣬˼ǲеκΣҲ˭
Цʦ֣˾ͽɽţǴʦֵţ鶼Ҫɫʦ޷ĻóλãǳϻѡһźˣóľǴûԼκһ飡
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˾ͽɽҲΪ飬գ֮λһֱйоϳɳصĶ˾ͽꪡ
˾ͽɽƣÿ˱ֵһָΪɽ֣˾ͽꪾͱڵ˾ͽɽ
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ʦܣһ˵˵˵Сʦõ飬޳ʦֵ飬أ
ʦ֣Ҳ޳ʦֵ飡
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ʦܣһ³çˣҲƽϣҪҿЦɱҲִɽ棡˾ͽɽ΢ЦͻȻȻҲͱˣɱڡ
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ȻҶò׵ˣͰʦһ°ɡãĳҲһϴɽҶ֤
˾ͽɹĻ˾ͽɽɫȻǲ֪顣
˶û飬˾ͽɽҲûã˭һֱںϡ࣬ûнɽţʱܺ͹ֳʱŶûзſɱ
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Ȼ˶ˣҾʹʦָ˵ɡĳ˾ͽɵͻȻվӣ˶ֱˡ
ʦ֣ʦõ𣿡峤˾ͽì˾ͽɵȫ֮⡣
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ӰͻȻâתͼһͣ˶ͻȻǿâ˶ۣ۾ʱ򣬺ȻӰϾȻ˾ͽɽӰ
˾ͽɽ֪ʲôط棬ʣɫׯص˵˾ͽɽڵţǿһĻʱ򣬾˾ͽɽٽʱ򣬶ΥҵԸزݡ
˶ɽХһڵأʦʦ棬ֻ˾ͽɼеǸףҶվڽһĿǸͷʮֵĲ졣
֮Բ죬Ϊ龰ͷ˵ǷΪͷĳ࣬Ȼúһģһ
ӰеͷҶļ۾һһϵ̨ϲݣͷûԾͷ峤Ҳͬһˡ
ҵԸһϳ˾ͽꪵ֮λҪĴѡΪޣܹ򿪽֮ŵĵӣţ˾ͽꪻظݣƹܲؾ¥ڶã̷ֱããããá
˵ɫǴ䣬ϲгڴвҵͷĻȴû˵ꡣ
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˾ͽս˾ͽɲ߶һۣͻȻȥǽž죬˵ڵϣѾֱӰеͷ˴Լָͷ˵ͽ޲ɼΪʦ˵ǺΪ֮ӣ˾ͽɽ˵˵߾ߵĵط𣿡
ҶǶòУ˾ͽս˾ͽɲ߸ˣʣµȴûʲôӦͶ֪˻һĻƵġ
ҴӦɼ飬һҪسŵ˾ͽɽ棬УӽԺ˾ͽɽÿѡһӵ·ɽ·ɽЭḺӣǵΪˣ˼ˣȥҲ
ͷӰʧӰϣһǺԭһޱȷͼûʲôͷ
˹ߵףиߺˡݾߵ֮󣬷
ڴҶѾϴ˵ʲô𣿡
˾ͽɹΪ˾ͽɽһˣĿˣȻû飬˾ͽ̧ͷȻĿ˿ϣƽ˵ʦӣӽԺҾȥؾ¥££㽻λʦֵˡ
˵⻰˾ͽƮȻȥɫǱƽ࣬ɣ˵ؾ¥ûĵطʺԣƽµ
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˾ͽɹ˾ͽս˾ͽɲߣƮȻȥʣµʦˣһ¾ˣЩĳǣɢȥǸ뿪ʱ飬ȴǧ𣬸ͬ
˸飬Ϻ˾ͽɼע⵽վڽҶЦĿˣ˵ҪվһӾͳ˹ˣ˾ͽˣߵʱ򲻵ûдңҵжˣյģ滵
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Բʦ棬ҴģǴߡ˾ͽܽϻ̳ϿֵӣʦѾȥ˲ؾ¥൱ڷһԺɾûĺӹˣ⼸˾ͽɽȨʦǣһĴ⡣
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˾ͽ˸Ͻ˵ǣͽ֪СӾǶײ˳ϼ䣬ûбʲô¶
԰ɣҿϵĹԲ˾ͽɽϵĹϢֻаħϲżҶײϣǲ֪˾ͽԱ˧һȱøУСԱ˧ˣʮ㡣
ҶЩͰתϵϢ׼һΣһ
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˾ͽɼҲ˵ҿҲ츳ƾ⼸໥ų˵Ҳ˶ٸأڲûκ״ʱգʦָ㣬سɴֻüĿһЩȻǸؼˣǸз˵ӡ
˾ͽɼĿһ˾ͽɽвԹ֮⣬ɫʮֶˣЩʦǼɻв欵Сʦãֻϧˣûǵķݶ
˾ͽɽһ죬ȻǱ˵ʹȴҲûֻǿ˼˵ȻעǸ۵ȻһɺȻ˵Դ༸Ů飬ϰ˫޻֮޺ֻ洦
˾ͽɼһۣ˵ʦͺúõĽ̵СӣŪȥǧ˰ٵͽϱȻɽ˶ʢӢűأ
˾ͽɽٺһЦûм⣬ûȥ˾ͽɼ˵Ŀ⣬˵СҴˣʣµԼ̸ɣʦãˡ
߾£˭ءԲġ
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˶عͨĸϽȥˣߵСʦãԽԽܹ˻ǵСˡ
Ҷô˾ͽɽ˾ͽɽ˵ĻᶼûУ͸һ·Ƽģطʱ򣬶Щηˣ˺ü󣬲ǾģĿڻЩƣԴЩκĸо
˾ͽɽüҶ㲻Ҹطɽţ㲻Ӷ𣿡ĺͷ䶯ŵǼ̲ǳķθ
Ҷ޵һڣ˵ҪܹͣͣĵطһεĻҾͲˣûа취˭ͣأ
˾ͽɽ˿Ҷ԰׵Сһƣգǰ嶯
ˣϻϽߣԺ͸һˡ
˾ͽɽתûӰһʮֺɵٺɵЦɣСʦܣǴҶҴ
Ҷ˵ͷ͸ڴ߽̫ΰɽţɽȥţ;ЩԣôЩнĵطߣԱߵƫƧط߰һԽԽƫƧ
ȥʲôطҶȷʵоһܴҲֹǴЩɵĸоһ·϶߶߶Ĳ֪ЩʲôٺٵɵЦͣЩ졣
ûнҶٺһЦ˵ȥסĵط
סĵطʲôطѵǱ𣿡ҶָԶЩûʵĸߴ
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ݣҴôԶĵطȻҡвҶһ䣬ʴƽﶼҪʲô
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ףСʦܣôҲҲһأӿڴһҶŵһģһ
ҶùֿȷŵȷһģһʣôҲأ
Ц˵ûʲôÿһӶеİÿǶȥ·ɽʦЩŵĵӣɵĻɶأٺ٣ʦǿɺˣԵסĶõģŵӻأ
ҶԼЩŤǿҵĳ嶯ǾǸϻ˾ͽɽǸƭ˵СԽͷ֮ޡ
˵䣬Ѿ߽һɽȣƺɽȷǳԵ
ɽȷǳĴ滷ɽһ֣ͨһʯ·һֱ쵽ɽкܶĽȻǸߴΡ룬ȴҲǾŴ
ԶԶģа˸ʹһźɫε˸ŰɫεಽֻľͰͰϸŸǶԶԶģƮ
СĸʲôȥˣСү¿ͷеһߵҶʹĽǰ̧ž͸˴һţߵһȴٺɵЦ͹
СӣİɣСү£򡣡
ոڣҸҳСүǹ𣿡
Ҷһסİƣһգ۵һİƱһѪҶ϶ǣѩ׵·ʱѪѪ죡
ҵ֣ҵ֣ʧȥһֵֻûиоۣʧȥ˵ֵĶȴѪŵһĲҽС
ҶϵƤóһĲ֣˵⻹ģԺ˭ٸӣӾŪ˸ӡҹոڵģɳ룡
һŷιȥֻʶӣֱԶ˲ŻͷСӣĵţһʦǲƤ
Ҷһ۾׷˾໵ˣҶЦתȥͻȻЦˣڴƨһţҷϣ׳ôһ磬ʲôʲôǣûУΪʲôҪ踺ظһС˸۸أ
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ҶЩ㶣ЩɴǲĴװҪȻһô֪ܵôأȫ˵ôĳٶۺ
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Ҷһ˵һ߰Ѹֶ˳ĻȼС飬̾˿ôأƹһεĵҩͷǼȲУʱҪŪŵҩӡƤȡһֻɫıƤ״򿪶ǣЫŽ˶УַŽƲݺʯ϶
һӶƮ˳øеĻﶼߴչľҶӶ΢΢ҡҷҶϴƿܵʱû顣
ңҶȻǲҩǶڵʱζڻ£ɲǵõʱζ
ôϴβһأѵŪҶºɣ˶ǣ滹ûڻļֲϡ
ҶĿֿڷڣԭηŵƲҶϣ˲ٵ棬Щϸ΢Сӷ۵죬ѿһƷۺɴ˶
311𺳳
ҶЩѩѩ׵С棬óˡμǡһ£˺һȴûҵСļ
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Ҷ˶ǣͻȻ䣬ԶһŲǸһĨȻЦ⡣
СӣܺãôĵӣȻû뿪̫ˣŰɣ
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Ҷһ֪꣬Ǹαӣһһ˼ݶ֮ˣҪôͰŪҪôǱŪԲеֽ
ҶûˣǰĶһ˺̫Ҳ˺ùˡֻҪԷҸݵģ
Ҷ˵Ǹ꣬˵һֱڵţŲţܰôأһ޵󱲣ΪЩ˹ҫǺЦ
ʦ֣Сӣ㿴žһĶֵؾôţʱյĻ찡
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ҶһЦŵĵӣӦǱ㱲ָ߰ɣҽʲô֣㻹ûʸʣ
ǸҪˣȴֹϴʵ˵ðŵӣŹ浱ն챱ǹȥƷôáСȥСʦ棬һǳϲ
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Ҷôζ˶ðȻ˭˵׼ҶݾʲôҪĻô𣿿ŵӵĿԸһЩ
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Ҷ˾ͽɽɫ仯ޱŵ˵ʦҿˣҾͱ۾λһֻ֣Ҫ֪µλãӿʦͣӲӮĻƾĴáûвͷĻǻˣҴװ׸ĥָͷ
ӹףСӣҾͺһ֣ӸȣӮҵĻϵĶɵսƷΣ
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ҶܿӮɽһ֣ûӮԷ٣ֻӮһ㣬һײӮģʹͷǳĲָһ֣һֵĶעóһСӣΪɽҲǺñһȲ
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·ɽƶȥҶһѶͶԼ·ԼˣǬµȷǺñˬоˣ
ʦͽļСС⣬ɾ⣬ʦҶִԼóǰһȣĵݸ˾ͽɽղžע⵽λʦ쳣ģҲһܹʦĺøУԺĺôʵݣ
⡣ðɣ
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Сʦķ䣬СʦһСŮ˵ɽţʵߵľСʦ壬ϧСʦ塣˵ˣˣԼʰɣһһЩƷ
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ǵԼ˴ңԭҲûд

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ͻȻһ˵ˣö˱ǵϣȼܵĻ棬ӦöĲҽУǱȻޱʹ࣬ȴûа
ڵĺˮУͻȻϸֲĴ֣Щȼյ˶˺ˮ棬ǾֲӣڻɫС
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Ҷڴ߷һϸĿ˿䣬ȴûзλǰǼλĵطһСС
һ֪ʲôϵ̶ɵ񣬷ۺɫ󣬹Ө̵һ̬欵Ůת壬̬һ˵ĹУ棬ֻܿһ˫УʲôǶ֣У
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˾ͽϧһУɳȥԶڴ֮ϣȹŷ¶һ˫˪ѩȣһĨ޵ɫ
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˾ͽϧЦ÷ëͷһһУСЬĽѾ͸һţСֹųåסؿವһʧȥӰֻڿƮɡ
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һӾϴɴһ£Ҷ˰һѾˬ·ְѾ·ӽˮϴһ£һѾ͸÷һԵʯͷϣóƤСȼĻСкܿζ
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Ҷˣ˶ǣ۶һڼ׵Ѽ赹˶Уַɿĺ˶ǣӴ
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ŨҶܣԤУƵĿܵ϶ÿƵĲһ
һɢʱҶ˶ǣȥһɫӨ͸ĵҩ˵ĹЩܶܶĸо
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ҶóˡμǡеõҪĴ𰸣˵Ȿõľ棬й֮ţԼļ
źǣЩֻԵԣûҲûҶĽ档
ҶʧİѡμǡƤóСһѶʼ
˾ͽϧʣҪʲôҩҶڻǲ⣬ͨλ˽⣬Ҳõûаյ顣
Ҷ˵Ǵյ˵ţְһղݷŽСζСƮ˳ǰ档
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˾ͽϧĻҶ˵ҩ㶼֪ʦļʶ湻㲩أܸܲңʦǴʲôطҩ衣
˾ͽϧҶɫܹŹ֣ƺЩа˵ʲôϡأֵҩʦ˾Եģ͸أ
ŶԭŪˡҶڨڨһЦΪԼ˼֮беЩ˼Ҳ˭ôǸĳʶ棬ҩأ
˾ͽϧ֪Ҷ˼ôྻҶյʲôأ
Ҷ˵յʵҲһĵҩֻȫ˵ڶ̶̵ʮϢ֮ڣɾˣֵҩҩЧֻܳӣӣͻԭΡ
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ʳ֪ζ˾ͽϧʱѾ˿ӹ̣Ũڿһܹζ˳ѡ
յƺˣҶҪԵΨһһţͻȻ俴ԼʢſܵСӣԺһһ⣡
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ҶһЦСӾ˸صĵطݺ૵ͺһʱޣ
뿪ɽʱҶǱ˾ͽϧߵģѾûһ۽üҵĶ˷飬ϵķ綼ˡ
Ȼص˶м䣬ﲢû״ҶŽε᲻뿪˾ͽϧܿͳ硣
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ܶ飬˭ô¶ȴ޷Ƶȥԣϣ漣ĳ֣漣ðײˣһץһѣʧʱҪǧ򱶵ĶԸԳʱ򡣡
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ǩķʽܼ򵥣ר˱Ÿӣ˳ǩܿͳǩް鿪ʼɶѰԼͬ飬һʱУֵòС
˾ͽɽһ˾ͽϧǩ˵ҲɣǺʹѩɽŷһ棬һ˺ܿĵ飬ƫƫһǶŮǻĴɽᡣ
λʦʦúãǴɽŵĴɽףҵĵܴܵɽңλʦʦܺã
ɽЦúܼ٣ͺһļ٣ЦĻϸѰһܿЩʵĶһЦ˷ǳĶġ
ȻҶеĴʮֵᷳɽСݸɿͷˣҶȴûĸоɽǸ˼ˣң˾ԲֳôǳѾ˵һС
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˾ͽϧ˳Ҷ½ǣô찡Щˣɫǣһ𻹲¶û¶ѩҹ߿϶С
һ˵ʦ֣Щ˶ˣǻǲҪһˣǿžͶǺˡ
ѩҹڵɫѾǳÿŭĿŴɽǰˣǴɽԱǸʮƵĸɰˣ˫۾ǲʵ˶ֱģ۾ˣ޲ܾݺݵˡ
Ҷû˵ֻ΢ЦֻǿûʲôˣٰԵҲڶ֣οЩȻɫԵӣȴǱЩòȻαǿ̫̫ࡣ
ǹ׶㣬ѷ
ҶѡһѡǹԼĵˣԼ򵱰ˣǸӵиƷٵˣǸСˡ
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ĻôɽŵǶԴҲ͵͵ĿŮˮҶúЦһǲǺüʮûмŮˣҪȻզܱأֱ߻ħ
ɽԵĴɽһ̰ͻȻȥ˵ǺαһԻͬأǾͷֿɺˣĪΪǶǷ𣿱ǴɽöҲˣȢϱ治Ůˣȴǳصģ磬ǣߣ
ɽҪɽңûסֻ̾˿˵ѸԶȥʱħ̨ΧѾûˣѾȥçɽˡ
Ҷ˶˿ûУҲʰһȥçɽҲǸݾް˵ħ̨һֱ򱱣֮ĵطǱçɽһڡ
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Ҷһհ漣Ŀ⿴ֱ۴ֿɫӣ̾һпࡣ
ôˣΪʲôҪ̾أ˾ͽϧȻǸ˼ϸŮӣ޷˽Ҷ飬ģ̫һЩǺܺ⡣
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߲֪ں˭˵ҲҶúܼˣû˭˵ûһ̶̬ʱʱڱãÿ˵ľͬ
˵ʲôʵʲôûһ̶ĸͶ壬ؼǿȥ⡣
ҶˣͻȻʵ˵ǰֹһλĴӢֽۣҶû˼ǵãʵһλһɫĴӢۣȴûеõӦӵеĺ˵ͽǹɽ¡
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ްԵɫѿҶ˵ĸɵĵӣôôùأ֪𱰣ɽɵţܹ𣿡
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ްˣҵһ뿪ĽڣеǷŭûΪ뿪ı䣬زͳȣǳɷȡ
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˾ͽϧƺҲʶ˺ķԼΣԽŤ欣ñ˾޵߱þĶ
Ҷѩҹǣ˾ͽϧߣǵ˵ģĿˮⰻȻ֪뵽һЩʲô顣
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Ҷȴҡͷ˵ҿδءںʣСΪʲô˵أѵǸްԻ𣿷ҿͻᶯƤӣʵȱ
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˶СѾͷаĻӶЦˣҶ˵ʦã㻹̫СЩڲҲҪ֮Ȼͻᶮá
СѾͷŶһ鲻ԸģЩԹ˼ȻǲϲҶ˵ԼСȻڵȷǲ
ǴҵĿĹһı飬˷壬ǸɰСһ
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˵ߣᷢЩʲôأ˾ͽϧСҶҡͷʣ˵أþᷢЩʲô¶
˾ͽϧ˵ҿһʲô¶һԽԽˣħ˰ɣǶˡ
ҪħˣҲһܻħˣһҰĺļһû׼˵һжǸ壬ΪǱĿģ
ʲôĿģ
ʲôĿģҶǸһĨЦ˵޷Ǿǣǿǣ˶ǸɵνӰ˻ܳҪɱǻǿǣǸµĺɣ
̫ˣ˾ͽϧһѩҹҲɫ䣬ֻСѾͷֻŻһճյĶҶǴɵЦݣɶλãĲɣС΢졣
СǸôأ
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ҶͬŮ뷨ͷ˵ҿںźˣΣյĻҲܼʱӦ͹ܣǲ̫ۣܴݾߡ
ŮͷСҲ¶ĵͷǳճյЦŮЦ־ܹ³ɵĿܣСĺܿ
Ҷ΢΢һ̾СѾͷԴϣ˵ʦãɵˣסǣӣ
ѩҹȴЦ˵ǲӣԽǵӾԽǰȫءζĿһҶֿһۻǶҶΪ͵͵ʵֻҪϹӾܿڿ˼ҵ壬ǷһĨĻȡ
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֮ڲòϣԼǸĽҶĵʶҪԶԶңֻ档
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ҶʵһЩûиɽֵ˵ǾӻĻʵǳкôǺ뵽Ҫȥѡӱһ⡣
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ɽ׵Ŀٶȷǳ죬ֱڷһҶһԲǷǰзݶԺУǴɽеһμǡ˵顣
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Ҷܣûķ֣ӻʢţϢƣξоЩԺ
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˴Լһʱ˾Ѿ߳ѪȵֳһƬãã̺
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ҶûпԼĶ飬Щ˶֪ȥʲôط˵Ұ֮ڣĿֻɽҰͻĮﶼһ
죡
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ҶѾ߽ɫɽҰ֮УŲľķҷߴﹾĽˡ
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ҶûעǵɫֻǸоǳֽ֣ƤóǸӣ̽һݲ޲֮ҲûֵĸоЩ쬵ģԽˡ
ô¶ҶӡμǡҲ벻𰸡
ɽ׺ʹɽҶ֪Ϊʲô˭ûа˵˵˵ҲԸ˵ǶѡľԹֳۣĬ
Ĭǽ𣬺ܶʱǣҲʱ
ҶݷŽƤóһƿƺһһɣнͷζÿ¾ơ
ɽ׺ʹɽҵĶҲڹ๾ĽУҶԺȣֱ̿ˮϧǵϿûʳֻܿˡ
ҶûںעӺ̰ûʲôǲܸǳԺȣһﶼûеĹطʲôʳˮأ
Ҷ֪Լ㶫ļֵԵĺҲ㣬ȵҲˬǹˣֻܲ˷Ѻöļֵ
δɽסˣͣĿ飬עתƵ˿棬ɽרעͷʺҶȣҶǸĻ쵰߻Ҫ˵ȵ֮֮ʡ
ʱȻţ֪ɫѾˣµգҹ΢ӰҡҷŮҶչʾ䶯˵˺ˡ
ҶġμǡѾصƤĶֿʼˣҽУֽƤ˰죬ʲôԵĶûУҲûˣָҲûгʳĵĿԵҶ泶һƬ׽
ɽֵܵĶͶˣ춼죬ҶҶȻԵĺǾɻĶһۣҲժƬҶӣ
սڣǾͶ޵ζ̫ˣֱǲ˼㣬ǸоԼҶˣˣ
ǣҶ۾ǳܵĳҶӣǳҶڳʲôرζļȣǶ̿ˮ
ѵǳ˼ھͺóˣֵգժ˼Ƭ۵ҶӣĽ
Ȼǵ뷨ȷҶӵԽζԽȸղŻҪң
ǾͲˣͬҶӣΪʲô˼ҾͳԵôǾͳܵҪأ
ѵ˵ͬĶ˲ͬ˵ͻвͬζҲˣҲŵȣ̫۸ˣƨҶӶ۸ˣ
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Ҷ˵࣬ǿܱûĳԶŶǿǾ͵ڳʢĴͣŴ͵ζŮĶζͲҶôѳˡʵⶼһ̬⣡
˵꣬ҶĳһƬҶĴ˸˵Աˣ˯һһ·
˵꣬ҶͿڴϴ˯ɽֵӲͷƤ˲ٵҶӣɤͶǳܣǿ˯ۼˣ˯úܿ죬Ҳ㡣
Ǹոձ۾Ҷ۾˿ǣȻ߽һԵһɤۣ¾ͰѸղųԽȥҶӶ˳
ҶüͷģӶܹð˹СˣôѳԵܳԵôݡɵӣ˼Ǻǣ
Ҷ˼ڣߣߵһƬҰ쳣ïʢСɽݵʱ߽ݴСİǿһԸ߹˵ҰݣǴԲݵĸһЩССӣɫӨ͸һſżƷ顣
ϸĿĻѻᷢЩСӵĴڣҶҲڿμǡ֮󣬲֪ΪĹʵڡ
ɽΪġμǡȴ֪ʵҶͰⱾûҳܴһֻ֣Сֶѣ˿ֻƤëƤë㲻ϣ̫ˣ
ҶСİЩӲϲժһ߲ժһ߳ԣʮԲݣų˸˷ֱ
ζȻ̫СˣҲǳ٣ҪдıݴһϵСݣҲֻ죡
òˣıҲժˣҶߵƬݵмһҶ΢΢СԱߣժһƬʺҶӣ
ҶܳԣζͿڸжУ벻ѳԣӣиºŽѧѪϡ֣
352δ
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ҶȡѪ涴ӿѪɫ֭ҺһĵͻȻĲϣ˵ˣһһɫ۳ˮŮ
Ůϴһ˫ɫ廨ЬϳƤ촽ʱɫģĲֶǱ̱̣Ҳĳüëͽë
ҶЩȻŮĶҪټһĻΪǸ飬ĶСɾӨǼģԣӦǸࡣ
һþˣͬ˵ˣ
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ҶЩˣͼܵʱ򣬾ȻԼĹһסˣòҲ˵ŮֻһѵĲӣͬʱĹסˣ
ҶúܿЦԼΪԼУһСѾͷɵİԼŪڹ֮䣬ô۸ô۸һ㷴ضûУ̫ʧˡ
ܣ㵹룬ΰɡܣܣ
ŮᣬֺڵҪݵҪһȭӵҶƤҲ˰
ˣҲ̶ãҶڵʵ
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Ů˵꣬޺޵ĿҶһۣƮȻȥҶ۾һۣͷһֻҪûŪлȥϣ
ȻװǼ˵飬ǱҶԸѡˡ˶˻ңֻ·һ
εŮߵҶߣֱ۾ɵ̧һӣһˤ˸߻أѾһľͷһͷϻţ
ţߵĺϳŮߴߴ˵Ż·ǳƽ̹ҶоͷˣŮȻһܵ˼ûУС
С죬˵𣿡·ŮС̺ܰԵӣʴ·С죬˫̥ȴнãǽжԷ֣˼
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˵С㶼˵ٱˣ㻹ԣҪ׿ңλϲ˽д̣
С˵Ϊһ̣͸ү˴һȣӵȥˣⱲӰ˳ɶûлٻصլˣԺǧ˳˵ˣûУ
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Ϊã֪ôɵѾͷ
Сཷ۵Сĵ˵˼ҾɵҪȻôûиүѡȥŮأ
С̵һ˵˵ɵ㻹ɵˣѵһӸүŮҪһˣ˭ϰŮûУ
СĬȻС˵˵ĶԣŮ˰ͲҪЩеûĸ߲ʵ¶ǾǸѾߵͲҪŸүүʲôүĵŮˣܵϣˣôһСѾߵɱأˣɫ˥ʱ³ңһŮ֮ĹĶǣû˼
С̣˵ǽô찡ڶСѾߣޣҲǸδĹүСҪ˺õĻУҪ˲õĻС̣СĻ¶𣿡
ҪģСʦλ˼˵СֲãӦȸĸ֣֮δķңүͷȻЩԸȴҲҲ꼴ʦĻԻ¾Ƶ֮飬ҿС⣬ˣ˵Ҳû湻ôô͸Լżأ
꼴ʦһ仰ܰСƽ˱үͷˡˣС㲻δģʲô
δ롣ˣδ֣ȡҹδ룬ƮƮ֮⣬ҾСֱԭǸǿˣ⾳һǳϲ죬ԭǸݵģã
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СѾͷȺ˯ȥˣϻţû˵ϣͷ˽ŲڵţҶĸţרӿݵĵطߣ͸ǸδִС˼Ĺͷֶϵ˼һʹ
ʹҶڵ٣·;ʼƽ̹ʱĳ硣
ͨһ£Ҷ˹ˤѵġ۾ð춼ã۵ɫҹգᵽһŨŨѪ

ҶһҰ޵ĵͺĿȥһͷ˻ߵĴ󹷣ݺݵĿӱë죬Ȼ
һͷҰʮʳ⹷ǶҲһĹʺֻ⣬ǹͷ
һվﻢĿҶȫҪǳĻԼʣЩʲô
˵ʵҶԼǣǲ¹ֻԽԽԵľ񣬲ſ˷Լϰ
ڣҶë׶Ϊ־ſһļƤз۾ͷǶţȲϬҲη壬߶пܻἤŭֻƽ̬ɱڵҰ
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Ҷһȫ䱸ҰƴʣһŬĻʱ׼Ұⲫ
ҶĹûлָϵҲԶǰܱҪõĶ࣬ѾĻΪⲫ׼
ͻȻҰȻжûУûκεףҪҶһֱע嶯ϸڣѷ͵Ϯ
ҰҶֻʮԶ׶࣬֫ſֻһ䣬Ѿ˵ͷѾŵȵϢ
ҶֱҰߵ㣬ҲǰһɲǵʱͻȻ֣һǷȭݺݵĲϣ۵˼ͷһ
ҰĽһҶոն㿪Ǹط鴤һ£Ѫˣû䣬ûʲô
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ǣʱ򣬶һй˵һιȥȻû飬ǹĽͻܳʱ䶼ͣһˮƽᵹ˻һӶ޷
ԽѰʱԽǿ־ʱһҪǰЩʱ򣬾ͺп̤µĲ档
Ҷ֪ǷǳҪ۾˯һԺһǿסԼݺݵͦţֵ˯ȫ޵ʱ򣬶Ȼ;
棬ҶоԼǰһˣˬ˵̩оǳܡ
ܿʹĳ֪ĵطͬʱҶϲķ֣ԼסĹҲʼһָļ
ֻҪһ㣬Ҷžͻкֻܶ࣬һ䵽ʱĹ̡


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꼴ʦֿһҶϵĶ˵ңûпĻѾ˲ֻһѾвٳɫŮӶأıԶҪµĶ࣡
ȻʦĻҲţδֻǿûպϵʵ΢СֵôŮ˶ţϲЩ˼顣
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δû˵꼴ʦԼŵӵԣȻԼ֮ߵһϧҲһ
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ҶһʹĬҶܲ˳۵δ뿪Ǹ߲ӣҶ˹
ҶԼѹģǱСѵģ۾ͿСӣֻԼųѬĴš
Ľÿ𣿡Ҷܿ˵Сȴݺݵĸ˼Ų˰죬˼Ѫǿ
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СһšͰҶĹͷš˼˶һ
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С̺С춼ȰСҪ鲻Ҫô¶Լһ·ǲΪԼ£ҲҪΪ²ǡ
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ȻôĿǼŭСҶȫڱ˵ƿأҪһЩУǽңҲˣˡ
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Ҷ²δׯ԰ǰ߻ǺߣһǿԿ϶ģǾطǮ
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ҶȻͷЩΪȻǱȴû֣ĻпһˣǾеԼ鷳ôɡ
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Ҷûи¶ҡͷ˵Ҳ֪֮һˣҲǸˣȵģ
ȵģˣôҾȻİУ㻹ûлشҵأʱƱƻûҶĻش𣬿ɼŮʱִŵ˾ò˼顣
Ҷ˵һӰȻġʵǸ⣬һҪش𣿡
Ʊ룬ȻһЦ˵ˣ벻㻹ǸסСأҪ֪ˣ
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ūĻѾû˹֮⣬ǳļ̫̫ŭˣں˵ǲΪԼӲˣҵͷˣ棬һɫ
ţҶžƱƻ껹ƮţûעЩ飬ֻǽצһĲϣĽ
ҶĶãоԼ˻ƴʦµĺأѹŵȴǻҹһĽˡ
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ʧصĸоͻ쳣˷ܣе˼û飬Ҳܵõ޷˵Ŀ֣Լ׵۷壬һɽСƮƼ䡣
ƱƻںҶ£ԽЪ˹ܲķ񣬲ͣߴңһֱûаܼ
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Ҷ˵áŮ塷ʫĸıʱƱſСС촽ϺݺݵҧһڣҪѪʱͻȻſһҵǡ
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ʲôطƱԼҶ·ͻȻЦ绨ʱ֣ɷ
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ΪŮˣҪôһЩʱĵһҲҪôһǵĳƺֻԼһˣҪһСܣҪСܶܶ࣡
ƱƲ̰ģǾһѾ͸һУЩҪӵУЩ飬һҪŲ
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컬࣬ᡣƱ˵ᣬһǧķȴ崿Ͽ欵Ц
Ҷʩչ貨ɲںɫĺݺ۳ңʵǽ˭ң˭ֵ͡
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ôˣҶʵͿԶĶֹӿǿһĻ龰ͷƤ顣
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ҶܵĿ죬Щ׷Ҳ뽥ƱƲʱͷЩĵĶŵɪɪ
Ʊƶôı뺷ͿֲǶ嶯űܵĿ־壬ôèǻһ
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ҶſüͷӡμǡпйޱѪѪĴ˵ֻǸ˵벻ϾȻĴڣңΪԼҪԻǲݵĵˣ
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ҲΪƱƱֳһ棬Ķ˺ܶ࣡
ľһǳĴһûκͷ϶Ĵڣһҽ
˭ܲǳԽʮƷΪֹҲûۼ˵ģҲǸ˵߷顣
ԣ˭ûеһпܻԼһˣ˾ǴºŲʥֵĶľ
ڶľ֮ǰиţĶľһǶľҵڣһҽҩΪʥ˵Ĵ棬ǶľĵǸҲжľһϧҽ˼ɱҲ
˿ҪǮľϵľһҪ˼ҵҲΪҪһ򲻸Ҫ˵˵ܻһٶģʮ͸Ūˡ
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Ҷ˵ǲҲòԾˣĺӳò򣬶ˡ磬Ǹ˵ٷ˵ң㻹ᶨȥһĵطǸ˵ϲĵطŮˣϲ̭Щ񰡷֮ĴڣǸ쵰˹Ĵźǣ˵һĹǿЦ
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˳ָķ򿴹ȥҶȷʵʯϺܴ֣ҽȣ
ɲĿԶ֣ͷ˵ôأҽôôĵطأסô죬Ȼûܷ֣
Ҷ۾һ˵ǰ˳Ǹ󣬲ġ˿ûͽ˵ƾ¥һԶȴʲôûСԭ˳ǲ̫ͬ
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˭ûв¶ԣȲٵĻҲʵĳһȺֵСӵһ𣬰ڳֵͼ
ΪʲôҪôҶ֪ƱҲ֪ΣƱƺҶһܹ֪Ĵ𰸡
һˣЩɫͨСɢӣֻʣһյɽڣҶʧ
Ʊȴ۾һ˵㿴ЩͱĵطһһŰ
棬ɽЩ΢ͱ𴦵Ĳͬ΢Щݣ˷ȥƶͷһţһƣûʲô쳣ʹˣһȡ
Ȳ߻һյյҡҷƵĹâǿȡ
ȵľͷһʯͷţȸմ򿪵ûʲôֻ΢Сôһѡ
߽˳ȣһֱߵǰûзκε飬ƿŵʱͻȻðһ̣ǺֱĿԡ
ԣҲ˿ԣԵǸˣӦһͷ˻Ƶͳǻ𶯵кطβ˲Żе֢״
ȻֻҶʶˣƱƶûע⵽ϸڡע⵽ˣҲĿͷβʲôȻϵ
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Щ̾һȺ̫˵СӣһõɣȿֺܣһĹ򣬾ûˣҲڿڵΡ
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ֻŵĵףҲͻȻ䳤һ˲䳤˽׵ëͷգ˲񷣬Ҳһ죬ܻա
ȻΡΡ죬ƣһأ
ľڹ꣬ǲǻ巳ˣȻ۸̵ͷϣǸ
ʴһ֮ŮӦò󣬽žһһ죬һըͷϡ
ͷȻûиǸһ͵ĽҲ̶ãȫ³۰ףǺģ˷塣
˸ڵģƾʲôǸٿԣͲˣҪˣŮʺѵ棡
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ʱһĴţʣޱ貣һӰʵĳڣһӣͷ
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֪ôҶȻŮĶ￴˼Ѻ׺ݣҲתῴһűȹֻҪֲ
ŮҶͻȻַǳϤϤͻȻʹﴧһѷĵʰʵġ
㻹ǵ𣿡
ҶĶͻȻһ֮ҲǶߣļ䡣
û˭ֻ֪ͷŮҡҡͷǵãӦüǵ𣿡
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ҶҡͷûлشĿںۣۣ۵͸˵ĺϣ֪Ϊʲôʵһ㶼֪Ϊʲô
̫̫Ĳ֪Щ֪Ĳȷˣ
㻹ǵ𣿡
ǸǾ仰ֻǲһ֣ҶĸüͷԴﲻͣķţзĻҪ˺ܾãΣȴûдκһĽѰҵйֵһ˿
Ҫô˹ȥҪôǴ˹ȥҶа룬ĵʹûֹͣԴȴʹһƬհס
ǵáҶҡҡͷԼ͵͵˵ǸеӰʧˣɣ·һжûгֹ
ҶȴԼʹԶһ죬˵飬ǷˣҲǷˡ
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ԱϾǴԣкܶ˵ľӢߴһһʵҲǸͷƵѿﻹ˵θµĲ
ʱ棬ʱ治ľںߡ
ҶĻشǳļ򵥣ֻ֡
ͷ˵ƺ«һ˵˵ĲܿĲҲῴ
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СӵĲҲˣС椡
һţҶͷ˫֮䣬һţѴֲͷ߷ɣַһţȵʱͷѾ֪ϰ׾ϲ۸ȺҶñףͿûӡ
ľǿΡΡվҶָͷ˵㲻ܴ𣬼⡣Ƥ˻֣㻹Ҷ˭أ֪ôǣҾͲþ㣬Ǹ
ľĻҶһͷˮҶϼһ﾿˵ʲôܿ죬ԺоͳһЩףԭľ˵꣬˵ԭˣǸ˾ͽɽĬĬĵӣҶ
ԺгֵЩ䣬ҶʮֵĳԾԭΪǸҶǸͨСӣڿǲͨһǳĲͨ
ԭСһֱϷֻΪһĿꡣ
ộһʵһĿ꣬ⲻ˭飬ɴ˿ɼڵҶδؾͱԭǸҶĻͳǸ棬硣
ʱҶŪЩ便ǴʲôطأҲûлֻǻһƾնôļ䣬ôأ
ȻǸ磬ɺ֪ȷд𰸣ģĲҪ
ҲһʼǸ棬ͳ˵õɮǸ㣬ֻΪ޳ܷࡣʸ˵Щеû𣿡
ҶñĵĿⶢŶľ˵ϲģҪ治ֵܿĻҾͰǰ鶼˵ơ
ҶĻסˣľһڣҵڣҿƤ治ǸˣôʲôûгΨȱһ㳤ˣ
ҲǸѧģȱ𣬻ʲôֵѧϰأҽҲмһˡҶһ㶼ںͷĸܣͣĴ̼˼ңƱƶĿɿڴʵ벻ҶôͶľͷ˵졣
ҶҪǾˣԼҲ㲻ôһ¶Щ飬侳Ūôһ¶
㡣Ըϻ߰ɣҪɵСӿҪȥɼһҩĻţͷ˵һѶ֡
Ҷ˵꣬Ц˵㵱ɳӰԲڳ棬ҶǲݣΣﵤβ۽ëޣƤľƹīʯˮɳ֮ĶԲڵҩҩֵܵŪأ˵ЩĲضɳܱߵĵ֮ޣ󣬴庣ɭ֣¶ԭ֮ԶûҵֵܾˣϲģǲҰ¶ȫµ˰
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Ҷ˷ۣҪôûг⣬Сү㷭˰ΪܾҵֵܣҲܣٸһλᡣ
Ҹո˵ľǡ
ǿܵ㻣˭أҩһٰʮأ֪ʲô䷽𣿡
ľһȣʲôܵǴܵ𣿡Щ
ʲôܵоġô֪ҶͻȻԼĴܵɲʲôе˵˲٣ֻܵԼ֪
ԼоģܣĴܵ䷽𣿡ľ漴˵һ䷽ҶǸܵȻͬͿܵҲûκε֮
ǣ˵ĴܵʲôľɻʵܹƿܵСӣԼЩʶˣȻǰΪ˵ͬۡ
Ҷû˵ԼĴܵôƣΪ¸ѧȥʵӦȫΣ
˵ִܵҪǻƵĻҾԼȥЩ϶Ҿȣôľ۾ϧԼûʶһ㣬ΪԼٷ磬ء
˹֪֮źǶľûйһֱƶˣûˤΪԼӦþǻϵɡ
Ըһ˾̾
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Ҷĵװ̾һվǸḻˣϲޱĴ󾳽磡
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ͷֵģʹ߽ɽһ깣һɽɽ󣬻ǿ޹ûݵ˽ȥ
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Ȼһ·ߵĲɣǴԼһʱ˾ƽµĳɽһСϣ
˾ͽɽиĪ֮仹ʲôɣɶҩ֮ණĵط
Ҷſʯ·ԶСԼɽͺ·µʮֵƣɽҲͺ·Щ
ȻйϵˣΪѹסǸһͷԲдİɽҲΪѹ·һͷĴʼˣǸʼ˵ġ
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˵䣬ĸѾߵӵڣһߴƷùӵд֣򣬴½ǻĸС֣⡣
ֺּ룬С־ҶֺһֱƱһѣѹʵʲô
ʲôɵ˰վŸʲôԴˮ˰ľһߺžƣҶ䳰ȷ
ҶûĻֻˣʹʦĸǳĺã￴һǷһģһ̫һһһûҲԲںͺϵͷ
˵ʲôأ߶߶ģëľǰߣҶǸں档
ƱƲʣС磬Ϊʲô˵ʦ顣˭
ҡͷʾ֪ҶҲǰĶľ˵˭˭һɵŮ𣿡
ͷ۾ŵ·ߵľҰ̾˿˵һŮˣһŮûеֹɵŮˣһΪԼŪðͷҪ׳֮ԼܾȻɵŮˣ
˵飬ʦġӣôû˵ƱЩŶľĻŴ˵ܶ˶˵Ĵ˵ܱһ˵ŸŷЩ
˵Щ飬Զ֪ģܹ֪ЩˣҪôˣҪôǵҲ˵ģ඼ǼԶ˱ɽȵףݣ֪
ľ˵⻰ʱ򣬵ǲˣЩʫ˻˵ʣźԶճһȹӵŮͷͱ¶ɣѿ۾ֱˮ֣࣬ǳɫ
Ҷ˶ҡͷ֪̾ͷûȵˣǷӽҲ᳤ֻ̾һηȥɡ
һܹеֵزҲһ־磬ͷǸˣ
ҶƱƻ޷̵뵽ǵЦЩζ
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ʹݣħģ׵ʣںһ𣬾һǻˮ
ʲôǾ亱͵ļƷڣǴײˣ黨Ͳ˰ӣ洦ɼǮܻ
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ľȴҲֻĬĬŮſˮҶ˶뿪ԶԱԼɫǸͲʶ
ͷ㿴СѾͷֱţһѩСƾͳľƤһ˹
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ľȻķǳѿԲ˭ȵģһСѾͷô׵ĵ֡
СѾͷһգһ²ľһվһ߿СΪȹ¶ѩ״ȣ۾ܲܶ˼ѩźĽۼȥ
ˣҶǶͷǶˣľɲôãֻǾ۰İװҪǸҧһڵĻ
СѾͷˣףССž⵹־Ѷľڰ˴еʺһ顣
ľĺǳĺãôôСܴѩؿںˮ۵ĸ첲ȣС˺񳪸һǽһܰ
ʱҶƱͷܹ˵ֵزѾ൱ľˡ
СˣֵѾֶ˺óһΣͨͨľ̾һĨĨǵĿˮһ䡰ϧˣɤӶˣҪȻĻٺ١
ͷЦţյˣСŽźݺݵĵһۣһˣʱҶͶԶ׺ͷǰΡ
ܴ󣬶ĺöҪĶ࣬ҶЩ֣ôĵطΪʲôûм֪أ
ϵ̫̫࣬ҪŪôףܶ࣬ص̫̫
ľһֱֻǿķǳ棬ȴһֱʲôҲû򣬷ҶŪ˲ٵĺöַͨʽַ
˵ͷҪҵĶǵﶼҪˣ㻹һ㶼ûŪʲô˼㣿ҶǰĶľٺãҲܲסͷôϹڡ
ľһŪЩʲôɫҪĿɲ洦Ҽǻ˵õ˹ͷƵģӣûʶͷ༥أɵ
ݣţвУɰҲǧĻ˵ţǲҶ˻ȥŪһɫɢҩ㣬ǳ
ʲôϵǸɰ˵и꣬ǧ꣬ƭأľҩ˽⣬¼˵ŵڶ˭˸ŵһأ
ҶȴаǸɰַĿ˼飬Ц˵ͷҪǴģɰǧģͰǸƺ«ңǵĻҾͰС㡣ͳһСЦ
ľҶС۾ʱһָֻ侲˵䶨ˣע̫Сû˼ôòã˭˭ԺԷĻԷһӵūţ
Ҷͷ˵ͷ˵ĻһֱƨƵģ˾㲻ôɰɣ
ľһ죬޷޵˵Ƥʲôʱˣ㲻ҪңҸ㷭ǵصľӣôȥС˵Ĺأ˳㾭Ŷԡ
Ҷûб粵ֻ˵ô֤ɰжأ
㻹ҸҴģǵӱԴԼ취ɡ
ҶٺһЦ˵ðôҾ÷ٻҷ֤ɣҪϣҰĳӡ˴УΪ䣡
ٷƨҪŪͿ㡣ľķ˵вƫƫҶвƢҲҷˡ
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ƱƶʲôٻҷҶһ߲һ߽˵νķٻҷǽɰгʮ֮һһƬһƬһгʮƬûһƬƬķֱ𰴴գҽԼһԲεͼ֣жȦôǶǳļ򵥣Ҳ׼ȷı𷽷
׼ȷ׼ȷֻɵӺͱŻô˷ʱķʽı𡣡ûа취ɵӴģҲֱֻˣķҲ
ľһ㶼˷ѵ̭ҶĻᣬܹ侮ʯ;Բѡѩ̿Ϊˣ
Ҷû˵һ仰ֻ͸֣ԣѾʼæɰСŪһƬƬıƬȻûϸϸ
ɫĻҽһȦȦ״ͼÿһȦƱƾͻһһֱǧŰپʮŵʱȻֹ
ľͷɫѾǳÿˣɲ˵һӵūţԼó
۾һת˵ǧ𣿡˵ٺٵЦֻҪûˣǲ¶ˣҲǵһθɣḻĺܡ
ƱƶȵıåѹҶôǲֵȥأˡ
ͷȻǵı飬ıûһأҲʮأͲϣ޳ܵ޵еĳ̶ȣǲŽ磬ľС⣿
ҶĻһЩͼ˵ͷ㲻ۻ軨˰ɣúǶȦ
ľͷһղžϸܵȦڶȻһֹϸܵ޷Կ϶ǣԲֹǧȦ
Сʹթ
ֻ۾ʹթˣ
ңҿָͷˡ
ԣָһҿҪåҪҶ˼ţ㻹˼ˣʲô
Ҷβûиͷӣֵģľȴûнǻʵ֪Լˣˣ˼ңоȻӲ
ͷ㵽ϲ䣬ϵĻԺ͹ϲҪģٰĹ¼ȫ紫ô
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Ӿ˾Ѹٸ漣ʱϲ̧ͷ滨ĿҶӸһ޵ĹӣŵĽסŵһӺϢ˿ˮȴ˼ԡ
Ҷ˵԰СѾͷܺóԡ
һʮûŮ̻һͰһӶԵˣְͰ͵̧ͷҶ
ҶժһӸǷСѾͷĶӣһ·ȻܳȥһԳԵô滳СǶʲôģôǿ޵У
ҶԻˣժ˺ܶŽԼĽָСѾͷǸŵС档
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ҶޱȵľȴûиоôſҶıŲ֪ʲôź˵Ͱ磬ûɺأǰÿδҹ׽öСأкööĺóԵġҪǷͰЩĻһǳǳĺóء
ҶعЦ˵СèóԾͺóԣҵĲˮֲܳԡ
ӿһЦ˼СͷĲϰһֻӵСè㼿ɰ
ҶԼĲϸĵطֵģһСЩᷢȣѸٵĹһһ״Ĵ
һĭҶСѾͷƨһ˵ӣˣҿɾҪСƨƨˣ
СƨƨʲôѽͰ磬ڸӣΪʲôҪأӼĲӣ°Ͷ䣬ĺǿģҶˣоЩۣӶˡ
СѾͷƨɼ£ûкҲûоۣǿЦСͷøӻ
Ҷֲľͣӽ̵ͦƨϣ˶СѾͷһʼЦҡСǺļͷһ˫Сֽ§ĲӣϼƺҪΪһ塣
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Ҷܲã˰ΣֻõһʯͷҲֻһʯͷֹ鿴۲״ʯͷ̤˹;
Ͱ磬ǸͰͻȻ˵ôһ䣬ҶЩЦá
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ŮаĹЩеĹȣ˳У޷԰Ρ
ȻȥΣˮܽأӾһŮӣȴǽȻ෴һ¶Ʃ˵ҶѾȴʼҲûȥƷĶС࣬ĲӺСһ
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ҶͻȻоСѾͷʵܿ̾˿˵лǰӣ㲻ʲô¶ֻҪޱӾˡ
˼ҲŲءӷҶĻЩһߣһھ·;вɼ˺ܶʳģֱʱ֣˲ŻصլԺ
Ѿ뿪լԺһϹܼдľƱƳ緹ҶһûкܳԾ
ҲҶ֮У֪һֱں汣ӣǵٲʲôܡ
Ҷһų˶ͣ˷֮ͿʼŴСһŮӣЩŮŮūͣ˭û뵽Ǹϲ˵ϲͷļһﾹȻһѵţһһˮƯȴûкӣһûС
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ΡΡ߳ǣڳɽ֮Уˮֻƣзƽ̲𣬽ֶ㣬֯͸ŷϢ
Ҷǵͣ˰˷һҿջǰȻлڵĽУѾٺãҲԺϣһжһ֮ɣǱǵĵһջ
Ժ֮Уڵİ֮Уｻ̸֮
ӣϲϲҪͻСˣǿǰ˷һ仨ӣСľһһҪɰ
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˵ʮֵĺ˵껰͹˹ƣĺҶ߰
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ֻӲͬ˵˲Ҫۣ̾Ͱеķɼһߡ
ҶһֱȵڵЩ뿪ǲµĻص׼õĿͷϢ
Ҷķ֮Ҷ˵Щ⣬ıʮа˾Ҳˡ
üͷ˵磬һģͻһ¼ҶǹʽۡǳףҪûֵĻѪǳҲھܶɩӺʳɹֽš
ôһ˵ĻôӦǱϺѪûһϵӦŲǳĹϵôıǰһʲôĽɫأıԵĵ˭ΪѵֻǳأıԶԶֹһǳأҶҲüͷ滹ɫЩơ
ҡͷȻǲ֪ЩĻϸڣֻ֪ĴţŷǳĴ裬ûκεʵָ塣
Ҷ̾˿˵ôˣú˯ɣ˵˵վصԼķ䣬ƱѾԡĵ
Ҷȥϴ˸裬֮һ꣬Ʊƺܿ͸۵˯˹ȥ򲻾֮Ȼһɫ·ڷЩֽţ߱ӴŲƽããҹɫ֮С
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СƨյıϿԿĳСǴӹͷ͸գǼٵա
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Ҫˣ㻹ЦóһЦôģɡѪǴһʺѪҺһŲҶϣƺգŮϲѪҲϲֻҶϲ˲ȣȴʧȥ˷ԺͷȨ
ҶЦڼðѪĭӵ﷢֧֧Ѫֳ֮ɫϺݺݵҶǱڱεԴ״Խùֲƫƫǲ顣
ҶУǸŮӼͷʶͣĿЦЦЦͻȻŭ˵ССȻҲ۸ң
ŮӵĿУܶ˶ҶѪҲҶͻȻãԼЩ´ŮӵƢԣӦǸкˣͨЩʣֻҪһС˭˭ͻᱻͻȻŭյ
ģƻû¶ûģƾͻЩҡ
ʵ֤ŮӷǳΪѪһжܲס͸һָͷײԶݺݵҽɽ棬ӰӶˣֻһɽ¹ҫţѪ˸
ҶıֹͣˣûбʲôǱʼ̬˺Ǹ缸һģһҶͬǣǸҪ˧ЩȻҲ˵ǸЩ
ҶվԼѩļԵ૵ƤǰأϾǸ˵壬ٺõƤҲûáҶסˣԺҪٸҾͰɲвŮ
žвŮʮֵĹ죬Ҷ̾һ˵ʲôʱŭˣڶһҲ֪˭Һй£һ㶼ǵãֲܹҪİ
ߣĽںô࣬ÿζҪУѵͲһǸŮӡ͸ޱŮˣһôһֱûûݣѵҺЩҲ𣿡ûһöˣҲˡ
ŮӵûͨҶֻͣóʵ˵֪ĸźĸ飬һСŮ˶ˣһСӶɷԹֲʧζ
ǰʱֳ״̬£ĵʵŮӣŮҲãŮҲգҪС⣬ֲСĵȼߣǿĵ׵ըըñˣȫʬ
һӴһ˺òãڿǸģˣЩŮˣһúҸֿŮ춼ܸоҸ۵ˡ㲻һֱôҵɣҲǸ¶
ҶڸоϷǳҲ˳£ϧû·ȻûΧۣǲϰԼ¶ڿС
һԵϳ˼ƬҶӣһһҶȹӾϵ䣬סΰ׳ĺ
㵹ǻ֪Щ߳ܡҲ뿪˵壬뵫ȴû䣬ܹƽ䣬ҾͻԶĴ
405±
ôǲǣҲЩСˣܸůѣǷƢɧܷǲǣεʲôˣѵΪƤķҪľ𣿡
ըֱȼˣҶԼбըϵΣգӦòΪͻȻԼˣҲ
㲻ҪԼ˼룬ҿû㣬ֻˡҶͱըҩûнεĻ硣
ѪǸСӵʮֵǿ󣬾ǸҶεҽɽͷȴǼǿ˳ȻܲңĿϬ˵˵Ĳء
㵽ʲôˣȻҴѪһѪʮֵĵȻȻʵĻںһ졣
ҶСʱ䣬ѵʲô𣿲ûа֣ҶҪɱûʲôܹɱ˵ľġ
Ҷû˵ֱӾһȭ˹ȥһټȭӰڿзŴ󣬱һƬƣסѪԴϷգʱڰ֮Уһޱǿѹ٣Ĺһ˲䷢žǹͷҪŻᷢ
Ѫ˫˲Ѫ˼Ѫ˫ȭһգ췢һХ忪ʼɿͱֻգۼ͸ߴʮɣ׶֮⣬ѾǸ꣬һ˵еħ
Ѫ³һͽҶȭӰɢҹûмĿûϵʵ֪ΪʲôѪ𣿡
ҶҡͷûбҪ֪˵ţֵۡ˵꣬һҡܶС˵дҡһ䣬ͳ˺ΰľˣҶȹѣٴαú޹Ұ
Ҷɵľ˺ı˲ûʲôֻǺһЩѣ˵Щ׳˵ѪҵҪǿôġȭ
ѪȭͷȥҶȭͷ˫֮ȴͻȻһ͵Ĵײûʲô仯ڵϣʱԴһΣһ춯صŭɶȥָҶ˵һķŭԹ̫ˣ
̫ˣҶԺ˵Ҷж˵թʲôɣһܹ˵ĻҪţôĲ׺ܱҲһֵˡұɣ̫档
֮Աǣȴû˵ʲôٴ˳ĬҶ𣬲֪ʲôطŪһѴͷӥ޻εĳѪͷ¡
һͷҪǸʵ˵ĻѪʮа˾Ż룬ǳѪأѪҪôһĻҲͲѪˣȻ̧ͷѾһѪޣǱӣһһڵֱҶĸͷϣͬʱ΢΢һһͻУûдʲô˺ֻСһѪǰû¾Ѫ
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ѪͻȻӿ³һѪɫӣӵڿзÿתһȦΧѪɫжҪһЩһǿзҶȻζȲס塣
ʶһѪ
ѪһһѪжʱһ̶ĹҶӦѾǸ޴Ѫɫ棬ͣתײþ֮źһ죬صˤһƬӲϣ
406Ѫ
̧ۣһƬޱߵأѪɫѪɫء
ҶѪôôǿôһ룬ͲѪǸлֻһͨһţܹǸ
ⲻһѡ⣬һֿܵ飬ıʣҶȥΨһҪǣδط߳ȥص˷ǡ
Ҫ֮ǰҶҪ֪طʲôط޷֪һ㣬ô͵Ϲʱضп̶ܵһƬҲк̶ܶеĻ
ҶڵָоͣİĵطǰһжԭĿףӰӶⲻܲ˵һֱ硣
ⳡѪҶЩʹζڲʹĳ˵ʱ򣬻ǽٵҪ
ҶϵĻҳվѾĳߴ磬ղһˤʵЩᣬʹļ͹ͷһ䣬ǰѪɫСɽȥ
ᵱһɽСҶ㵽һ£ʲô֡
ҶܿԲʮߵСɽ壬վڷ嶥һʱ͵ɴ۾ͫһ˲Ҳúܴܴ𾪲Żе顣
ԶߣһѪɫĹǵֲƱˣǵϣȼγɶڣѪ
ԭѪѵ˵еѪ򣬾Ѫ򣬶һôޱѪأôһִأ
Ҷર죬һƨɽĶˣöһ£ڳһ˼ߵļƣ۾գգֱѪɫذԭʺ˳İɫʱŴ˸ǷֱӴɽȥ
ҶȻǻҪɱΪɽٶ죬ͬë֮һͷɽµһС棬ӽָóһѳììһѸͷɿھ
ʯ׷ɣ̹ܿҶڽɽ棬ɽ棬ͻȻӫ˸Щ˸Ĺâͬөһ裬һЩ
Ҷס˺۾ǰǺڰغЩȥľ޴Щ΢Сӫ⣬Щ޴۾
Сɽһָ״С۾ɱϣҶһʮֹĸоøĲϱЩ޴֮࣬Ѿ˺ţͷƤĳ̶ȡ
ϴȥʲôط
ڰУͻȻ˵˵˻˵ĲˣЩ֮еĳһǾȻ˵˻Īǳ˾
ҶϢſĿЩȻԻոտʼղһ䲻Ǹͷˣһͷһ˵˵ȥʲôطȻȥޱѪˣѵбʲôطܹӴɻʮа˾ŻûеطѾǳˡ
ᰡϴǻȥˮӹȣȥܶطܹǻһҪȥǸطأϴξѪҧһڣ˿ڻûȬأ㿴˿ڻѪء
ģͦүǣͲһƵģ淳ˣŪֱθˣ
һͷԴϳһǵĴһǰצǾȻǺһĸ첲֣ԱһָԴһĴһԴϴһǣʱһҽڹĵ°лص
407ʢ
ȺˣҶ΢˼һ£˺ڰĵغУĸЩȻĺ棬ȥ
һβУܿҶͿһƬˮ̧۶ѪɫǴ˵еޱѪˡ
ںϣǺףҶȺ˵ı۰ȴӵƺܶȻһֱѪ캣;Ҳݡ
˼κڰ͹Ҷҹʱ䣬;յڵһλں׵ĳǳأΡΡųǣΰ׳
ָһޱɺͱʯĿˮǰУÿһҶδżȻһڡμǡпΪ١
ҶЩǣЩǳʲôӣȴǻ˵˻һǷͨõԡ
ͨЩĽ̸ҶŪһʵǾЩ֮ҪޱѪѪǣΪ˲μѪ۵СŮѪĳ
ҲͨЩ̸Ҷ˽⵽Ѫ۹ӣѪ񹫣ѪѪŮѪѪѪУϲŮѪѪѪĳеˮ嶼μӣȻҪЩ֣ûзСϺףûʸ
ҶЩɵø̾ʵʹ֮ǴһĲ࣬ѪãԼһ˳Ѫ۵ϵЩڴ˵жûἰȴʵĻĴڡ
ҶһֱʹΣǿǰǸߴ½Ӷֵʿı³ԼҪʽȥ
ҶҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪȥȥЩʲôʲôôأ
Ҷ뵽һİ취ĳȻ˸طΪ˲֣ԼûһȻֹǼΪηȻϵģǰڡμǡпصļ
Ҷûͨϵĳɵģû߱εֻܽˡ
ҶƽµĻѪǣд濴źΰ׳濴ۼ˾̾
еʷӦѾǷǳƾãĽͽֵԼеĲľʯͿȷһ㣬Щֵļľ޸ľ˲ܲȥҪöٵ£ǲܴһС糤Ĳ
ֵǳĿһ㶼Ѫɫʯͷ̾ͶɣеĹ˳֮󲻾ãʼ˱仯ι״ﶼΣлŮ߰ͬ
Ҷȵ̫ˣ˾ȣҲزסˣһսǵĵطΣȺ棬еĵشȥ
ԶԶģܿĻһߴΰڳǣҶǰڵӰ濴ĳЩųǱԶʤЩܶ౶
ӿ˳Ҷ߽ڳǣһڳǣֲɵξһ԰֣԰֣һĹ㳡㳡ϰΣܶ˶ѾҶȺ˸طһ۵λá
ͷܶ˳ӿһƺƴʢ£Ҷعƣ㳡ҲҪмˣһˮãã棬
ҶԺṩƼ͸ʳоһ⣺ޱѪжˮж󣬽һ񣬾˴ĹģųֱǷһսһˣ
408
ι˵ûУѪθѪôģĳʵһͼ
ʲôͼλոճˮһҸɾɣ
˵ˣѪ۾˼
ôأ˭֪Ѫ鵭СԶ뷨ֻΪĳЩԭѪ͸Ǹʦȥ˾Ķ
˵ĶϻˣڶǰѪõǼ֮󣬾ѾѪ󼲣ͬʱҲĲʹ˽ᣬڵѪѾ׼Ѫ۾ʹֱΪҸɾ
ļٵİҲ֪ϢǴʲôطģ׼ȷ𣿡
ϻϢǴѪﴫģȻûһЩҲЦɡ
ǵֵˣ벻ˮ֮Уĸλޥǻ۳Ⱥɫ˫Ѫķۣ
⵹Ǹ⣬Ȼ˵ˮ˶ڣǽܳ˲űϾǽսʧ˺ܶĽܳҲ˲ŵ㣬Ʋӡ
˭ԸأǲǾпܱҰĲռǵˮأǶǵūľ˵ǰ֮ѪܵĽѵûеڶѡΨսףݣֱ˴ܣϳˮ򡣡
Ҷǰ˻ڼģЩͲ̫ȤˣЩ֮£ǵĳֻ࣬Ȥ
漴Ҷ˵̸ע
˵ûУ
ʲôҶ֪ʲô˵ûУ֪˵ʲô
ķϻ࣬û˵˵û˵£˵ôķϻʲô
ݡʲô¶ģ¶Ƶģ
ȻǴ¶ˣ˵ûУѪλһСԵ߻صģѪһڵļһﾹȻ嶯֮¸Ѫһ⣡
ҲݣļٵİǴ¶ˣ˭֪ѪĺݽɫҪ˵дʫǺǿܹԵǧŮУҪ˵ǶһٸҲסѪһСӰ˳ԻҪǷ˷裬ЩѪҲǵ𣿸˵һơʮа˾Ƿϵˣ
㻹ˣѪûж֣ȴס˱Ժ棬˵һʮĽ߶û뿪ֱڶ峿ȥãǲһ¶
ȥǴⶥñӴĿǹ󹻸ߵˣģ˵ǲԴ¿˰ôô߹ĹϧȴǵŪСԼôñӣ벻ôİ
⻹أһǰ鷢֮ѪһֱסڱԺ棬ÿ춼ѡʮĽߣʮսūҹʫĽйֵ˶Ұޣ
ˡģôûĻء
ôûأ˵ӽϿʼܹйվǰˣлѪȴѾ˰ģҪԼЩսȥ飬ÿˣ꣡
ɣˣÿˣ꣬ǸñӵǶܽһ𣿡
̸ڼҶȴûмȥЩʶһλѪôܵÿٸģǿ󡣡
409Ů
ÿ˶һŰ֮ģ֮˿ðԣΪϲΪϲĻûг֡
ҶΧ˵ŸָİԣܶݶǳľʣΧѪλѪۺļչ죬ʷ׳ʡ
ȻЩ˵İԴûȣ޷Ů֮Щ¶ݳ߶֮ͦѪڡ
ԱҪʱѪĳʼˡ
һ죬ڵĹ㳡ʱѻȸ˵Ŀⶼ㳡Ǹ̨
̨֮ϣɫѾȥһ߸ߵļ̳̳ǰ棬һµٻӰͤͤˣںڵĳһֱףӳϵ⣬ʡ
һǸŮıӰϸ޳ȶˣͷŰɫɴһ˵΢о
ʼ
żһµĸߺȻһ䣬ıׯأͬʱѪɫ۵ļҲ˸߸ߵļ̳ɴļ˿סԱǸˣ̬ȴŮˡ
λѪĴ˾ҶղܶĴţ˵Ѫ۵ˣ˵ǸˣͬʱѪۻѪŲɸ˵ܹϵ˵ǴӵŮˡ
֮λû˼ʵĿĴ˾˶˽ʣûһΪʥַ
Ҷܹ飬Խظ߹ַŮˣԽܹЩǰŮ˵÷ǳǾ˴˷ܣ˶Ů˵ͨʮԣִ˶ƣ
ɵĽУ̲ûʲôϡ֮еĵһ˸оƣͷζҶ֪ҲһֱôζЩ۰ͰͶż̳ǶڵȴһڵĿʼǾװ
װ֮ǻ·ˮĹأеŮʮʱҪг񣬳֮ͿԳɻ飬һǳҪ飬ÿŮ˵һֻôһΡ
ڳϣһھװҲǰϳŮǵھеģҪȥ·ԼָͣҪһ֧赸ΪŮ衣
ȻǰһֱģǸǰǺܾ֮ǰˣڵŮӳҪɴסȻ˿ʣ֣ȲΥŮӵָı⣬Ҳ˿Ůӵ˽λܿһЩѪĶ
ڣװĻڵˣ̨ܶɫɴסһжԼܿһЩĸоиĿռ䡣
ɴ֮ڣѪ̬ȥ·Ƕ赸Ů裬ʱе˶ס˺޲ɴ֮ڣǱǸϵʲôúõý
֪˶ãĵηѣע⵽ɴѾȥ˷ãѪĳѾߵʱȻ
ȻˣʢȴԶԶûнһѪɫ۵˴һʹڣ˸̨֮ϲ֪ʲôʱȥı棬ĮĿɨһ㳡ʱвˮ۵˶εѹ˶͸ĸо
λض˵ˣ첻ŮѪĳ񣬻Ϊӡ
Ѫ۵ĻһڣȻȴҶСϢϢ֤ʵúܶ˶ߴϲͲûಡˡ
410¹
λض֪Ů֮УϲľҵСŮѩҷ绪˫ȫ˵Ѫ򣬾ˮ壬죬ܺŮᲢ۵ŮӣӹҲûмⶼҪģҪǣŮļױǿǰķ񣡡
Ѫ۶˶٣ɨһȦ㳡ĿⲢȴü˶ԼʿǸϵͳ˧
˶˺ߺ٣ҶڵȴѪ˵Ǹ𰸣Ҫ֪νǰļױʲô
Ѫ۲˵ڴһЦĿ⿴Զ˵ҽѪʮأ͸ǸܹȡұŮĵˣǶͣƶߵֻͣҪŮ϶ģҾͻгŵ
һ˵ֳһƬһƬڣ㳡۷׷ס
Ҷű˵Ѫص顣ԭѪλѪӵĵط൱Ƭмķֽߣǵһƺƴսۣʧ˴ƬҲͰѪķأѪӶأҲһķ֡
ѪӵʢܶеĶǱˮ๺Ķڷ죬ЩزмֵǶԵݳƷмС
ƬǰһֱѪֱӹϽһַ˳ȥóƬظѪױɾ˵ԺһƬɵҪһֵ˰ѪۣĲֶǷŽѪλ֪˭˶ǿһ޷ľ޴ƸΪ֮ͷѪ
˵һҵıŮѡԼδķʵӣֻ
㳡Ѹٵİ˶֪ˣѪķһǼ򵥵Ѫô˵
һܰŮдİʫŮˣͨ˵һֵѡ񣻵ڶܰŮİȫŮˣͨ˵ڶֵѡ񣻵ܰŮİӼȥˣŮķˣҲ֪ǲǾȺдڣԲᳬһλҾԷģֻ²ˣ³ַ
Ѫ仰˵ǶȥȻѪô˵ҲžԲһ״Ѫ۵ĻһԾŶ׼
ϾͿʼˣҶûȥ¶ֻ뾡ҵȥ·Ʊƺǻ¶
ʱͻȻ俴Ѫ˾Ȼ˸̨֮ѪԱߵλϣͬʱֵĻŮеòһĿȻŮĶɴֻܿ沿ӹĶͷÿȫֻǿЩ֪Ѫ۵Ůûһ˧ŮǺƷ֣ûйѪ۵һźƤ
ѪûзҶҲȺĬĬ̨µȺһ̵Ų꣬ǸŮ۾صļ¡
Ҷûļ£ֻСúõĥһͨȻιȻѪѾҶҲͲҪŸϻȥˣҪץʱյСʳƱƺ䣬ڶľͰѼӣһ㶼ġ
411±
ѪĵһҶЩ⣬Щ𾪣ֻ籯ȣбȴģȴױ䡣
ʫһڣ˶ˣⷨ˾ķ粻ʢοʫ˵һףҲǿֻʫ˾δˡ
˶۷׷ףֻҶͷüĥ˵ѵλҲǴӵҪȻôԵµʫƪأ
ʫһ㶼ûг⣬ûܹӳԵԭô˵ʫ䣬ҲЩ˽ӳʫ䲻⾳Щʫ䵱ڸӮһƬĺȲ
ҶǲģĶȴͻȻѪ˶ҵ㻹ĻȡΪѡеǸ˰ɣĻ˵ʤʧܣǲλ˿ġ
Ҷ̧ͷѪȴȻͺʲô鶼ûзһûпһۣ֪ʲôط˹
Ҷ̾˿˵Ǽ٣ûѡءȻϲвס˰ѱҲֻйԹԾͷķݶ
һֹصʮλֱǡ
һŮҪЩ˵֣Ҷվݵ˵ЩҲҪϰڡ
˶ʮֵľȣͬʱЩ񣬸ղŸʲôȥأڲⲻǽ
ЩӮ˺ȲʵҲʮֵĲˣȺЩߣѪȴ˻֣˶ͷ˵ͽӽӿɡ
Ҷ⣬ֳ˺䲻Ĳɣįе˺ֻ꣬籯ȣбȴģȴױ䡣
ϰķǳȻܴԺִĵ˶˵˷ʱ䣬Ѫ±һʲôð
ʱ򣬲ܿһ˵ĺͳǸѪۺŮûн֮⣬۾һʮֵڴǶӢùֵһġ
ҶȻûʧڵ˵θڰˣͬʱҲǿѪķӦϸڵĶܷӳһĵʵ뷨ϧǣʲôûпѪĳǸԶԶҪһʼʱڶɣѪǸȻаǳǸѪǲһˡ
ɽ룬ҹղԹ籡ҽ¶֦Ը
Ҷ°ʫһ˵һƬžžһƬڣΪ̫ãΪ˭ʫеĵʡ
ʵѪϰеĵЩҲ֪ǶѪѧ̫ǲҶôһ˵Щ߳ŭˣȺ֮
ҶʱȴûעЩͻȻ䷢֣Ǽ̳ŵѪͻȻɵžͱ⣬ĽԼȹճյĿҶ۾һգգʮָӣŨУһЩʲôƺԹƺǡ֮Ǻܶһ޷ֱ
ҶͻȻʶѪעţͻȻӿԿƵļ¶ͺһ
Ȼ˵ҶûкǸ΢΢⶯촽ǸͣǸ͸Ѫĺ촽Ҳ⶯һ£ûзҶжȻһ˵Ҷߣ
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οʵͶ뷨ֻΪ˻Լֻѡ˰ЩĵסҲΪŻҷ˱çɽְļ˾ɷŮˣҲȻ㲢֣ȴñȿҸҪãǲľѾɱ⣬죬ԭղŵһжαװ

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ľҲѪҲЩ˼飬ôô׾ͱԼɱأҲӦôһŶ԰
ʵʤ۱磬ǰȥ˿Ѫ۵ʬ壬Ͻ¶˿־ɫܵģܵģôܵġ
˵꣬ľͬѪ۵ʬһʧ˴УǸϽʱֻǸص̫վڵУĻ˻֣ǾϢȥһУѪۣ̫Ȩ
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˽ĵһ¶ĬĬӵǣѪ˵Ѿ棬ȥһĵУڶΰԼ֮Ҷ
֮ҶϧĽ̢ȻԶԶû㣬ȴҲûмȥǸһ塣
ʱ򣬸ղŻֻҰСèЩ˼ˣСֵԼز棬
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ҶͷһӣʱһС𣬱ѾŬƽС˵Ľзڣѹӵ£϶ΪһɫҲһ̽Ʋסӡ
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ǸزӦĶɡ
ȻҶѾȷǸѪ϶Ͳ춦֮è壬Ǵ˿Ѫ˵ûʲô飬ȴҲûʲô⣬Ѫ񹫺ѪѪѪ̫ĸܡ
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ײߣɱ⣡ɨһ۶ĪЩ־궯ǣݵķֿȺݴ˳С
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ѪǰɫʮֵĲ԰ףЩĿȥתͷҶô죬ҸΣˡ
ҶѾѪȾ˱ʮֺĳǳأ˵ôأ޷Ǿһ֣˵꣬Ѫƿն˲ʧС
ҶǵѪնһգãȻ뿪ߣɱ⡣
ŵһĮ뺷ӦһʵѪն˵Ҳ뿪һΪǵֵһУУҲǺǼ˵ˡ
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Ҷһ𣬾ͱʮֵҲ˺ܶ࣬涵ĿҶǶѪĵǡ
ҶȻЩζѪĴ⣬۾һǱߵĳ˵ҿӦûʲô¶֮Ϩ˵ƹ⣬ֻΪ˶ڰ㿴ΧЩˣڶȻܰԼ¶ڱ˵Ұ֮С
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ѪĮ˵СֵһķϣܽǼҺ϶һȥçɽȥȹԺһΪء
ǰ϶Ҳֵɱ˿Ц㻹ǸϽǼɣҪѪһ˿ĸɷڻ棬ѪôĮ
ٴ˳Ĭһһįɣ̾ϢѪƽȫûһΧĸо׼һ˰ɣӦʲôһӦǵӹȻǲô飬ǻܹ뵽ЩģԲǣǵǸͷʦǻسɡ
˶û˵ûзζĬϣʱһʵڷˣҵǻۻԸλ³ıߣЩλԼıģҲǳ䵱һԲ䲹Ľɫûô
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ѪĻ˵úƽǻҳȴʱʧȥ侲ָ˱Ķŭ˵㣬ԭ㣬㣬
Ѫ˵ʲôҼȻܹ׾ٵ㻳ҵĺӣȻҲ׾ٵɱ㣬ûɱ㣬㻹֪𣿱Ҹ飬Ǻʴȵˣز춦һ벻δӻȰͷһΪɣ춦ôñӵĸоΣ
˲ҵһӣҴҲûҪΪҵӣʸ񣬼ȻϲȥúˣѾûᣡˣɱ
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ҲҪʲôӣֻҪûӦõõĶ
ʲô˵ӻ⣬Ҫʲôʲôʸ򱾴Ҫ
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춦͸رĲԼ˿ûо쵽һ㣬Ц÷ǳĿġ
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춦ӲĴЦţǸʲôҾ֪Ϊ˴ﵽĿľҪСڣΪ˴ﵽĿľҪϧһдۺֶΣҵֻгɹʲôǣţǿЦ
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үȻִˣҲͲˣϣ㲻ҪڣΥǣ͵Υү̫үҲ˵ڿʼͳ˼ɽУɽĽ
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춦һ£ʱһȺӺڰð˳һɭɭĿĮžһɵĵ
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ҶҪǿһĻһð亹ѣæźϷõǰС˸۸ˡ
հҶͺѪҲѪ̤ȥɽ;аٶˣСһ֧顣
ŽԶȥѪɫǳأſڴڱϣɫΣЩᣬͻȻһ˴Ҷ§Żص˱棬ﻬӸţҪţĸʹСѽѽƮ˳Ʈ˳档
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ҶȻ֪Ҫˣǿֵĳ̶ֳȵʱĻþûֵֿܹĸоΪ˲ŮˣҲܹĵʱĸоӦжô
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ʯ̳ɵ·沢ǷǳƽȴǺܵΪʯķ϶һԴïʢޱȣ·ʻڵ̺һƽȣᵽݱ֭֮ɢ΢΢ɬϢ
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ЩǴ˵Ҷڡμǡȴͬİ汾ȻҲǴ˵ȴøӿţ
ݡμǡ˵ɽһ̫ʱڵɽȡɽһʵ⻹ֻգɽû֣ôС
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ɽиأǾÿҹʱֲŻһɽţųһУ˭ܵõҪĴ۹ߣãǵôļ򵥡
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ǸʱƱ˱ٵĿһ˲ŶԳһɻǸϷ֣ΪûͱˣΨһܹõ;ǵɽĽʦǸ͵òõı
Ǹʱ˵ǳҪͬʵ˭ı˭ܻʤ֮ܶҪɴ˿ɼһߣ
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ԵҲˣԵ˵ĸо϶ͨ˲һЩ𾴰ˣһ
ҶȻΪºѩǣҲطһҵڲ֪Լʲôʱܻȥ߿ԶҪʱ䷢֣оԼһƬƮƼƾ沨
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Ҷһ־ﲻѪ˵Ǹطһһˮӣ˵һĻǸӵһЩ
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ֱ˲ռ˵Ҷ˵ռѪ˵ĻᣬԲ׵ķŹСԼӣ;ر˷ܣ
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С̱˵̺ϣԼأС죬ɣƻһڿգ
ҶºѩǸңҲûţûŮ˵ƿ˷ţ˽ȥִ˷š
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ܳԾǲǣʵͻȻѹʱҲܳԾԳЦЦҽѹҪȥһӣȴ
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Ҷסˣ벻ʻ˵ĻЩ𾪣ͬʱΪоֵǣЩģôأ
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ҶóһѷСӽɫС˱һ㣬ι˻СҲرĺóԣҷǳԣǸҡ
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ҶĻû˵꣬īСѾʧ˳һСʹӳԱߵĴڵͷ˵ģ㣬԰ԺҾ͸ˣ
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Ҷ³֮ǰѾϴ֣ƤԱ߸īС˻ʺºѩһ߽ͬУš
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Զڶڿοʼˣһİ˾ʦ߽˰༶ȻѧԺûаε˵ǽ
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ЦԽãԽʹϰʹĸоɣŤʹ֮УŰʱĿָо
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ҶĻ䣬ɽҡͷ̾һ˵ô˵Ҳôģôܾ⣬ʱԽҪõĳЩƫƫԽǵòҲǵòΪҪõЩõجˣ֧顣
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˲һӣӳϼһǰͣס˽ŲţһСнŴ򿪣˵ʦ棬λ롣
һǸСУЦݾ͸ҶϸĿһۣҲЦˣԭⲻǸСУһСã۾ԲССӣƤ΢΢ЩڣһǸ龫СѾͷ
¶ѸߵСõǰѩСССͷͻȻޱȶ˵Ե֮Ե
һ̣Цʥׯϣдȱ֮⣬һõɮСС
СסˣСԴ˵Сú֣Һʲô֮Եأʦ˵˶˵ʲô֮Ե˿϶ƭӡǲǸСƭӰ
506һɴ
˶СõĻЦˣͬʱЩϲ벻˵һǸܺСء
ҡҡͷָһһѪĻָ֣֮ĵطҡҷ
Ҷͳϼ涼һͬʱѪҵ
Сʮಽһƨż棬涵СָͷָŸߵˣˣʦûҪң
˭˭˭ҪûҵıС𣿡
һͷСһשǲһשһ̨Žŷɱ˳ϳ۰׺ŵǰ׵ģĵطǺģմƵġ
ʵ̫ˣҶ˵;Դ¡һӣˣ⽹ۡ
ǸʲôϼһӦЩЦá
һУವһڻ˷棬Ͷ۵һ죬СҲ˿ޣವһҲ˽ȥ洫ʦͽ˵˷嵽ĳ̶ȡ
ʦͱˣҸողʰðң
аʦҪǲڵڣҸɾ·
ѽʦɾ·ǸأǴ
𡣡ǰףҵ·ôôСأ
ʦҵ¹ѽķǱߣҪˣ
԰ҵ¹ôûиɾ·
ʦ˼ϴ·أ
ɣҵķﰡ
үҵˣ
ѽҵˣ¸¡
ʦҵʦ㴩£ôأ
һΪأٺ١
˺һʦŴ󲽴߳ߵſƺòԣָĳСȻҡҷˣǼǺƵģļ˶ֱģĲûߺˤ߻أ
СһŵĹ˾ڡ˳һ˫Ьš˫Ľüͷ塣
ҶǶǿЦ⣬͡ʦ΢һ߽֮˾ᣬʰķǳɾŽ࣬żһڵʱܴŷ쿴漫Ȼҵ龰ֱǸս
а룬һλʦĵӣҪûǿ׳񾭣˳ɵøƷɣΪüСøоԵźͱ
ʦȻⴱܼ򵥣ʵκܸӵľᲢ̫ϤƿţǿǷ߰һ龰˵ǰһࡣ
ʦμˣŵѾֳ˻ƵɫͷͱǼϸðϸܵĺ顣
ʦЩʦĵСѾһͿѾǺˣˣ
˿Ҷһ£ʹԼƨɵקһɴɴϴζЩʪģСһʱͰͷϥߵòӶˣʦɵˣոûһ㡣
ϼһĻѸոպȥĲˮӱ¶ŶͷһҪԵӣһĨеĻЦҶıʣʵӵݵĳ̶ȣ
ŮĻ˵ϲŵʲô˵ֶصô֪ܲʲôζ
Ϊ֪ʲôҲ֪ʲôζҲҲǣԵ⣬Ҫ˵ĻǾ˼Ĵʦɶˣ⣬һֵܼⰡ
507½Χ
ʦҷ˸ϣܹԭ£
ҶͻȻô˵˶Ūһ㶣εվͻ˲٣ʦСʵҶʦܣ˵
ҶһҸղŲСİˮ˿ϣ˿һͺģҸŪˣҾʦһɡ
˵ĹҶѾνŪʪ˵˿ŵԼĽָͬʱóһ˿ݸˡʦ
ʦȻҶԼСŽ˽ָﲻ׵˼ԼΧֲɵֻˣô᲻أӹ˿ͻȻһϲ˵ѽⲻ߲˿Ƴɵ̫ˣҪһôĲһȿȣһأǺǣлҶʦܣ𣿡
ʦҶĽָﶼǺö߲˿ƳɵĴ󷽽вأͺˬóһݸĴʦ
С͸ȿȣһˣллʦ壡˿µ˵̫ˡ
СһֱΪʦĵأǰȥһأõʵݣСҲܸˣɵҶлλʦĸмͱˡҪλʦôŵĽΪʦΧǶˣλʦ廹ôĿҪʦͺˣСź
ôϡͿĹȥˣҶûΣˣͦá˵ϡ
ʦ壬Ϊ׷Ǹɣһ˵¶͸˸ƵģķɣʵϣҲϼεס֡
һõһǺеס֣ҪûЩֶκǻۣĻϼ¿ɲֻһô򵥡
ϼһڲ裬Ц˵ȻҹעҲһˣųɽɺ͸ɣȻˣһְɣ
Ц˵ҲãҲãʱҪʦվˣʦԶΣ̫ǳסЩǰ͸˰ֻʦʣҲΨһܹεˣ
˰ɣѾͷǵС˼һܲʦǸϼһһϲռˣϾʹûеùãε¶ʲôıءʦֶΣδɽḶ́ҲҪḶ́һһԸ
ϼ˵꣬ЩȻ˵ѾͷҪСʦֶı¿ɴأҪȥĻҶĶ֡ˣǸиղžǸһ߷ˣûأ
ʲôǸһһ߷ˣǸأī޸˵ĵպգûаŵĿǿ°
ףԣôأϼ£۾һת磬ʦ˼
СסԼĶͷϣʦ̫ɶˣո˼ҲŸΧ˶ôͷ˼ʦҪҲУǸ¶ռҸʺʦ氡ʦ棬ɰҸӿˣôͰӸô˵أ
СͷѼϼʦԹˣ뵽ЩӣСѾͷɱĳ嶯
ҶҲû뵽ʦϼûнӡĻ磬Ҷ̲ס̾˿˵Ҫ֪ϼµǸī޵ĻθأһǼܺ¶ǵķӦһ˼Ǻǡ
508֮
ʦɫһ䣬С쿩ЦЦˣǸһˣҶʦΪҳһҶʦܻʦλһҹСȥ׼һ£Ҫ³
СһʦҪ³ʹս˵ʦ³ɣʦǺúõʦʦ̸ɡ˵꣬ವһûӰˡ
ҶǶ֪һ¶λʦĳգʮа˾Ǵ˾Ŀ³̶ȣ
ʦСֺһ£˵⺢ӾǶ¶ϲ飬ĳպܳɫҵĳտҪǿˡ
˶ͷû˵ʲôͷȴ룬˳ɲǿˣǿصĲɣ
ȻӴ˵Ļ˭ɵ˵ֻǰ̰ˣϻװô¶Ƶġ
ǶʲôʱܿϼûԼĿģٴ⡣
סֹֻ˾ܹ
׷ôİϼʡ
һ£˵Ӧ˹ƻ뽫ǶųȻ֪׷ȻǵˣȴûаǶųһ׵ػ𣬹ˣʮа˾ǻˡ
ȻǸһҶʦ߷ˣλӦþǸ˰ɣף˭ĺȥأ
ʦ˵⾹Ȼһ㶼¶ǺҶ˵ңǴģǸһˣԺҵˡ
Ҷûн̫ϸڣҲ֪ôϸڣֻ΢Ц˵ҶʦܣǺø֮ңĹһһǧģ
ҶζһЦЩа˵ûȷһǧǸ˵úء
¶ʱɺ죬Ӷ뵽ԼܣȻûΪåǾر
ֵ壬ֻǾҶ˵⻰ʱЩãһ£˵ˣǸһǳѲһǳǿĴڣԺ鷳һ١
£鷳һֱ٣һͲŴҶʮ㣬ͻȻʵʦ㣬һ֪׷澿ʲôأʦģҲ˵ʵ
ϼһۣȴûгɣ͵׷һ̫ʱڵΪһֱûܹԸǶԾֻһֱٹ׷ûеĻǶӦþͻᱻˣȻ˲ǶԲŻ顣
˶٣̾˿˵ҲãǶҪǻĻ滹ЩϧأڴҶ۰Ͱ͵ĶţǾͷһºˣ˭б£˭ͶõһЩ
¶סȥСæˣҶߣĬĬĺŲ裬СƵģƺڿʲô顣
ҹܿˣԹҹСȥȰźõĵطϢ
һĿԺϼסһʣµǸҶһס
ҶƤҲ񣬲ںϼĿ⿴һʦ֮󣬾ʹС˽Ժӡ
ðϼ޼ʵĸпһ䣬ӻһ«ƣһֻСޣСԺµҡϣյĳԺĶûеףʲôʱԣʲôʱԣİá
Ҷǽ˷֮󣬸¶ȥԡˣȪŮҶֶȱֿһģҲ˽ȥ洫ͼֵܺͱҵ
ҹѾˡ
509
Ҷڳ˯ͻȻֵѣ۾һĴˣʲô˴
ҶǲȥֵģǶԽԽ󣬾ԽԽֻý˵ԴԼıŵͷϣȻ뿪СԺǸȥ
ϼѾҶһ·ֳһô濴֣ҶҲ
ҶϣӳϼŪЩԺȣŲԶֻ˴ľ޴ʵʦ壬ʲô
ɽףܳĶϼʣĵ˵
ҶһھƣɣѰĴɽ׺͵ôͷİʲôˣô󣬶ˡ
ûʲôˡϼƲƲ죬˵
Ҷ˷ۣǻһмŷѹⶼɾء
ϼ˸ǷŨصľҶòϽȣϼ˵СӲúõ§˯ʲôְû˼
Ҳ˯ŲаԽԽû׼ʲôʱ͹ȥסǸˣ˯ðʦ壬ôô˻ô¹ְҶЦЩζ
ϼһ죬ѸٵĻָ˵˾ͳߣСܣԿˣôģѵһҪһ»㱨𣿡
Ȼˣʦ壬ҲûǸҡʦ壬㿴ûû˵ĴͣǲҪ취ǰҪҲ˯ȾˣҶĥŴ֡
ϼҡҡͷˣǳôĸͷǳӵ˽ⲻ壬ɱǵѾָ
ָǼأҶʵ
ϼ͹һھƣ˵ʦʦʦмϹһ㣬һֻʳǺͷ
ʳǣҶû˵֣֪ʲôʱô֣һĸ֣ǲʦ˵ᣬǺ˭Ƚϡ
û˵ҲΪ˶ǳĵ͵ǶȦˣ֪Ĵڣ͸СȻҲǳĳɫ˵㲻ʵʳǷ˵ЩϲĶһǶ֣
ϼ¶η飬̸˵ʱȥ¶飬Ѿ˵˵Ĳͬ졣
Ҷ׷ʵʦ壬ʳǺͷĸĹ˰ǹؼ⣬ܹôţĵطԲѰĵط
ϼִ˸Ƿ˵ʳڵڵĶӣѩµŮӣҲϯ̳ˡųţĵӣʵ컹к˴ڣֻЩ˸ӵĵ͵дħĴµĿ޼ž˵ʳǺͷʵֻ߲ͣϧû˼ʶаһ֮еٮٮߡ
Ҷ˳ϼĻ˵һΪҶ޵أԭһǸĿʮֵңԶ
죬ˣƵû˭ȷԼ޵УǾǿ֪ˡ֪Ǹղ˵⼸һٮٮߣû׼ʲôʱðһˣͱǻҪأҲǲܵ顣
510¹ʳǷ
СɽСĹѸŪһƬǽ壬һһֱǰڣȥҶ˾Ǹ
ҶǸ¶ǾͳǣһֲʶǷǳ˵ģ˵ǿ˷ָĿֶϣȻ࣬˲ǣû˼ҵ㹻ӡ
Ҷһγ˱ӵζζķǳܣʹݿԼֵľ޴ģ
Ҷֻðë޽˳һԸɽ׺͵һеͦõģţޣëһж࣬ǽæңС
һʦֶĵ㻹ʲôûóģʦҼʶʶòãϼЦĶҶ˵ĺĲҶʱҪǿϺܶ࣬СƵģĥˡ
Ҷҡͷ˵ô㱾£Ѿùˣʦ壬ǲ˰ҪǲֵĻҾֻȥѸ¶ˡ
ϼҡͷ˵ҪҳҲУٿһȥ˯СѾͷߺˣҲ鷳
Ҷ˷ֻۣεһ룬˵һõıһˣˣְɡ
ϼವһӴҶǸ룬ͳˣǸžʧУһӹһЦ˵˼ƾĳһӡ˵ʹɽ׵ϣʱͰ޴Ĺһͷ
ϼֵȻǿúܣҶܱ⣬Ҷܹ̤ʵúõԼΪ޵С
ʦ壬벻ô˲¶࣬¶಻ˣ⻰˵һûҶԵ̾
˭ϲ˿佱ǶԷ佱Լķ棬ϼҲˣҶúȻװһȻӣͷȴмֵ⡣
źǣϼĵһӵʱ䣬ͱĻˣ
ɽ׺͵ϼĵ֮վҶ˹˳֣ͿһĨһâƿնϢĴȻϴȻͶȻ仯˷ɻңһ紵ɢ
ͺâ˵УһŰµһİŮ
꿴ҲʮӣӲ߿ͷ󣬳ʮֵƽͨһ˫۾ǳ貵ǳڵıʯ
Ů͸ʷǳƣֻѾɣǸСѾͷ˵ŮһЩûеĻʡ
ϼʦ塣
ʦҹ
ͰŮֱͳϼкϼЦ˵ʲôʲôôҲ˵ڱչ𣿡
˶һۣŮǳЦϼʦҵ͸ɹæˡ
ŮͰ궼ûۿҶһ£ҲҶű뺷ʣûΪӶ쭣˵ӡȻҲʮֵĺá
ӡ󲻺ǲãҶȴûʲôԹ֮⣬ÿ˶ѡϲ߲ϲһ˵ȨʳǺͷҲ˼ҵȨΪ˼ʹȨʲôõ뷨Եùխˣ
ϼҲע⵽ԼıʦֶСһˣв̫ʵ̫صӡǺܺãֻΪԭ򣬱˴˲űϵأʵͷɶô롣
511³һƬ
ѽⲻǷʦ𣿷ʦϲ˯ǹʲôʦͻȻ˳Щʷ۾ȴЩԵĿʳǡ
Ҷһ񣬾֪϶ϲʳǣʳǿܵȻȴǳ˵ĳڰ˼ңҪţ۲ݰ
ҶаЦоϰ˳Ҫˣϲԣϲ߰İԣ
Цʦ㣬ôˣôúϢأȻͽǣôСͣҲûʲôʦ֣˵ǲǰ
Сסʳǵ֣ʳüͷ΢΢һ£ȻЩ̫ӦǣȻСʦúкøУѾҪȢΪ޵뷨Ҳҳ뷨
ʳֻЦЦûнӷĻԡ˵ʦ㣬ˡ
ʵһͨĻʳǵĹ۲ȽϺãǡȴСʦܶԼ״ܹģһϾͷ˶˵죬Ҳ峺Ʈ
ллʦܵĹģû¶ģֻȽ϶࣬һѣʦܣóʱ䶼ûˣæʲô
⻰ʵЩǣʵͷԺ۾ﶼʳĻӦû뵽˼Ǹոս˱չأæʲôȻæűչˣ
ŮǣҶšͲԡ
¶СҲ˹Щ˯죬ҺòҶͳԿˣϲԿռռ˻е˼
¶վҶߣСʦǻյӣЩ̫Ŀˣ֪Լλʦʮа˾Ҫʼˣ
ʦ治֪̫Բð˵ȴ̱˵ӡǲզء
ҼôͲˣ˵ƢһŮ˾ͻ÷ǳı꣬ʮа˴ζƲסԼǣ˭ǸС꾫ܽʹ̴ء
ʦĿӶǿˣļԻ˵Ǻ𣿿ôһ˵˲ŷ֡·ӹȻһûпϣֻдҶǶȲܿһЩ˿Ķ˷⡣
ȻûС£ҶֱӾͿ˲Ӧÿȴǳֵһһĭǰ͸ĴӳԵ
ְֺףϽѿӿۺãȵòУĿʳһۣʧǵߵˣСİ˷һۣڿʦҴҶȥ
Ҷ˸Ƿ˵Ҳȥɣˡ˵ţŸ¶ȥ˯ЩˣЩ̫߰ǲ̫Щи߰ʱ
ⲻǸʦǸˣſҪһЩ顣Ҷ˵
ϼüͷһ壬½̳ĵӺе⣬ɽĵأȻɽʲôִţߡ
ҶôûлͷҶ˻С첲§סĲӣСĦС﷢̾Ϣ̾ϢΡΡͺڸ۸ʱ򷢳һӾͰҶӲˣ˵Сܹˣ
СӣûУٲͣҾͲˡѾǻûиôأΪɫŮӣΨһʦŴ˶ӦԼһСȴô񣬷أ
512
ʳקһ·СʦЩ֣һ£ǣҲֻǾЩְˡ
ϰ˸Źηţʳʵͷһˣûʲô
ȴûΪʳǵѶǸҶıץȥ־Ǻ֣ҪҶץʵˣҲŪһ
ϼһ֣Ҷȴವһʧټץһʯͷϣʯͷץһ󶴡
Сġ
ʳͻȻһȣŷһȴûǶȥ˶ڽɫ֮С
С
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ʳǺͷתȥҶվеһŴһʧһССı
͵Ϯ޳֮ȡмĿҶȴԼղҲ͵Ϯ˼ҡ
Ҷһѧģ˵޳֮Һ㻹ĺܶء
Ҳʳ˵˵ղɱҵ˼ҴûзŹҪɱ֮˵ϰߣҲʲôˣҪѪƴף˭˭ù
˵꣬Ҷеıһӣâɽҫ̵ۣ۾ۣڿתһڲϵıգۼͱԭϰٱҹ֮УΡʣƾˡ

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ҶһХǱͻȻըѿһĽשԼܷѿĽṹѸٵķѼ˳ȥһԵʳǶͷȥŷ֮ƺˡ
ʳǺͷѸˣϵĻͬʱӳһѷɽһԲֵЩש֮ණĹͣסĹ
ǣֻǸʼҶͻȻһЦָһѪѪڿһͼ۵һݺݵЩשϡ
ש̼䶼˻ɫܵѪȼ𣬱εѪ֮ǽʳǺͷΧڣţϴ˷
ʳǺͷЩסˣʱʶʲôˣ죬һոձǺӵСӣȻӵµıⱦ˵Ŀ£ᵽϢ
˵һ־ۿԼĻֺͷ޷ֵסѪשķ񹥻ޱƵϢѾǸоϢ
˴˸ɫ֪Լľǲˣ˴˶ХһͻȻ䷢˱죬˲ʹαͷųޡ
ϼ޼ΣȻ޼ΣĿ⸴һ˼ӡ
¶Щֻ̫ǿ֣Ǹȴ֪ʲô޼ΣͷڿϹâ͵סѪשޣ΢΢üͷҲ˼
Ҷ֪ʲô޼ΣڡμǡϿֹʵϸ˵޼һֱֻǸ˵
ڴ˵Уֻĳһ˲޼ΣԼɱ̬ҶıǸеıֻܱͬһ̬޼Ա仯κҪ仯̬֮ľ޴࣬˵֮ҲΪ
ܹ֮ʳǺͷõ޼ΣΪڱ仯ʱһѸֺ̬ܶѡһ̬Ĺ̡
513ºϷ
޼εĻҶ𾪣ʵʳǺͷ仯̬޼ε󶥼̬֮һ
̬˭ܹɵģֻͨһԵɺϲɣ̬ǳǿ󣬽ֶ̬֮޴ĳ˵ûжĲࡣ
ܿͽѪשĽסһռϷ磬Ȼһǳǿıܷӳãʹߵʵϵ
ҶʵȻ˵ʳǺͷʵǲܴҲʹֽ̬ѪשĽ˺ܶࡣ
һ죬ѪשɢڿѸٱСûҶ塣
ҶѪڣһѪڿȦ˹ʳǺͷɱ⣬ҪΣյɱ»
˵ɱŶǲʲôϡ飬ֻҪɺͽڻǸˣ˵ǵоǻһңûκεʵͼֵֻϧԼ׽֮˵
ҶһһξͱȻһ߸һԾоͶѳìһӣͽĹƻΪΡ
ͬʱҶֻëޣͬʱҲѹū˳ǶʹŰֻչ˷Ľ
һսֱõضɽҡϼԱߵİ˰ɽΪƽأͲûаϼ¸
ôĶܲˣһʱֵ˾Ͷˣһˣһ˸޷
Щ˴඼ϼ¿׷ǶˣǸæˣֿҲţĽζ
СҲòô¶ϼߣ˵Ǹͷ򶷵ȻҶЩİ֣ɵöҶ߿˼֡
ۿЩͿʼʳǵİΣͻȻ俴ʳǻֻҶһì˺Ĵʱ;һڿնȥֵҶĵڶì
Ĺ治һǲʳǺͷȴҪҶǿһߣҶڱȻ״̬ȱ˺ܶ౶ɡ֮µķһǸһ˺Ϊûз
ҶһìȥҲʳˣǡһӣȴҶˣͬʱʳǺͷҶһ
ͳϼХһҪҶһǡȴֵסǣ˵ʳǣڿ˵Ĳᡣ
ôһҶ͸ʳǺͷצһ󶴣ԴҲǷĹһܵײԶ׷ɣѪҺҺһ·
ͳϼݺݵĿˡбεʳǺͷһۣūһҶʧķ׷ȥ
˵أʳǵ߼еʵʦܣû¶ɣСָҪʳǵ˿ڣ͸򿪡
ʲôȥˣڹװˣ꣬Ķɫѿʳ˵ʦ֣ߣǻͷٺúõıߣ
ʳҲûˣȻԼô˿ЦճյĿʧķ򷢴ֱСҡһ£ʧǵĸСӻ
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ʦͷķӣСûټˣ鶼Ѿˣ˵ٶҲǷϻǰɡ
С̾˿ͲΪʲôԼô࣡
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ݣ˵˭Ƕľ˵ҶԴʱȵ˵ʲôطôﰡ
ҶطһéݣǳļªһŴûУֻкõݺʯͷŪɵλ͸ĿƵĴܿĴɭ֣紵˸ս澹Ȼѩأ
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Ҷľ͸ո߽һİѼӿɾûֺøˣֻԼ֣ʳ
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Ȼӵķ䣬ȻһļªŮе㣬мɰС裬װͯȤ
ҶӵߣСףˣ޷޵ĲҶĸᰡ˽Ůӵ˼˽ԼĻʥ˵ԸһСѾͷֱѴ֮
ҶֱӽСѾͷԼϣֶС°˵÷Ͱ翴ѽˣӵСϺöͰǳˣ
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ӸӺˣ˵ú氡ΪʲôأʹǿҵĺĺǿʱСĥҶ񾭣Ȼˬлûطļ尾УƺҪŨһЩ
ҶҲˣԼҲôȥˣŪòǹ߻ͲˣǾͽӷϣСȴûţŪ졣
ҶϽС֣ԺСѾͷ˵ӣҪԣȥԣ
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СѾͷ˯˹ȥҶӻƿţСĵ·Ҷ͵棬ľͰѼڻѱϺȾƳ⡣
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ҶһһۣϽſӣ߹ȥıڻݺݵһͨȻ˾ͽϧϧϧˣ
ҶȻ֪Լĺӣ˾ͽϧбˣĸ˸۸һֱֱһ׼
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Ҷ˾ͽϧǿԼˣȻϲ飬ŮʱǺֵģΪˣʱҪǵ뷨;ٶǣ˾ͽϧǻˣǼٵģһֺСѪо
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˾ͽϧһֱҶ϶¶һֱûеõϢеĵڵļ尾ɫô㲡
˾ͽϧҶ࣬Ҷ֣˵ֵɵŮӣ׾ܵõ˵ͬҶ˾ͽϧǾܿɰ
ӱǺЩηģ˾ͽϧͰƽ׽ˣûн㣬ֻһ磬ͷһֱи㣬˾ͽϧĽһӾͷůģûһųͷС
Ҷû¶ҾͷˣˣϧϧʦǶɽɽ𣿡Ҷʵǽ֮ǸһȻۣҲǸֵþصˡ
ͻȥˣˣɽǰߵʱ򻹸һء˾ͽϧӽָóһӣݸҶ
ҶżöĶǼƬССıǣŻͽ󣬷ǳľ£ͬƷ
ףǧҿѩҹæĽ˹ȥƬСǷȥĿ˺ü飬Щֵ˼
ƬǴѩҹϳȥתһȦ˺ܳʱ䣬żǶźӻĿ⣬Ҷ̾ĶܳɹסŮ˵Ŀ⣬ֱǸŵƵ
ҶβǸ֪ˣǸȺڣҪѩҹһƬǵ
Ƭǽǧ֮ԽǧΪֱֻǧܱߵĺУʴ˵
ѩҹˮİѩΡΡɽϴ񷣬һзλðĹ󣺡ǧһĴ˵
Ҷɴ۾½أȴȴ˵ˣŴⷢ˴
˳Ŀ⿴ȥȴҲûпʲôرĶѩҹͻȻ˵ǧ̫ʱŮǧˮĻ˵УǧˮΪŭΧڲ죬ûȥǻֱΪֶʱûߣֵǣЩ˶޲ߣȻǧˮѾԪַֻҪ£´ﵽԭľ磬Ѿǲ̫ܵ飬ΪԾûټȥʹֱϢ˽ǧ
ѩҹͻȻһЦ˵ô˵ǧֻǧˮйϵôǧҲǲݱģǴٳǧֵҪԭ򡣡
ǧ֮ЩǵΣһޱϧҩģתҪһλԭϣ
ѩҹ˵תҶֵҩڡֱʼǡУйֵҩļһֱΪϹģΪ˵ת˵겻ֻأֱתӶﵽĿġ
ںܶˣЩĴ˵ǳشתģôŻѰֵҩϣǧЩ֮Ҫһζ
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һʱ̣ڳ͵ʱȼյǧͻȻ䷢һ죬ͶĿȥ֮䱴ѾʧһӨȻڿԼȼա
ǧ仯ˣѩҹһУǿӾ͵³һڱʱ̣ӾӨ͸ӳ棬紫档
ѩҹԼĿռȡһ˿ߣӴϣӵ˾ͽϧǰЦ˵軨׷ǧѩıĪĺôϰɡ
Ҷӹǿӣ壬оܺã˾ͽϧ˲ϣӯӯӳǱ쳣Ķˣ
˾ͽϧϲӣСſ˺һѩҹлѩҹЦ˵ҿʲôҿ˾ͽϧĸء
һЦ˵Ҳǡ
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Ҷɻ˵˾ͽϧһôֻ֣˾ͽϧ֡
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Ҷ߶飬԰ͰͿԼ˾ͽϧͷ˵ܺãȡļȼֺɡ
˾ͽϧͼ˶ܸˣҶͬǸȡ֣Ƿǳгɾ͸С
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Ҷ˾ͽϧôʱûм棬Ҫ˵Ļǳ࣬˶ǳʶȤȥ磬ѩҹȥ棬ѩɽķ羰أ겻ûа⡣
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ҶͿʼ֣˾ͺһ˾ͽϧǾΥҶĶ𣬿ӷȴ˵ΣöĵĽ̬ޱȵĸǣ˴˸оʮֵĿ֡
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ѩɽʦ𿴺Ůһ㣬ֻʵͱ˾ͽɽҪһЩȴҪ˾ͽɽ˲֪ǽʦǿʵѩɽʦӦǺ˾ͽɽʦ˾ͽɽͬһʱˣ
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ѩɽʦ񵭣΢΢׵ɣףҺʦҲˣﵱɽɽ˾ͽɽͺá
Ҷ˾ͽϧ£΢ЦǣʦԼĽָóһСӣ˫Уӷɵѩɽʦǰ
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ѩɽʦӹǸӣĴ򿪣ʱˮ⵴ƣ˵߶Ǹ档
񵤣ν⣿ѩɽʦı黹ô񵭣ǸոպӴһɲӹľϲҶȴ
Ҷ֮΢Ц˵Լ֣˼֮֮ʣֵҩȥĶغͷפʮЧȻʦĻʵֵҩİֵҩܹϷõĻôʣڱ˵Чǳ
˵Ҷڽ񵤣˵ƨֻĵıȽϸʵҲǳԣŮЩƲ졣
ѩɽʦǵһθˣǸһôָо֣Բᣬ񣬻һϲ
ѩɽʦˣɵһһλǵʱҲԼòǳ⣬Ҳϲĸо
ȣǸŮˣȻˡ
ѩɽʦ˺ӣһЦӵ˵ѵģҾҾҪһݼģҾƺЩòˣðɣһݺʵЩ
ҶݸʦТӦõģɲǳּġ
ѩɽʦЦЦ˵Ѿˣɡ˵꣬һ˽ĿӣһžӨ͸ӣ˾ͽϧĵ
ϧǱѣͺӴ洦һЩѩɽʦ˵꣬ȻѩҹӾӨ͸ıѷŵ˾ͽϧǰ
ллʦллʦ㡣˾ͽϧ΢ЦлҲĳĳһֱǳĺÿϵ˺ˣûвÿģÿѩɽʦգĳࡣ
ҶûпͶˣԵó죬ֲĸоҶԵرڶӰ죬˲١
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ԹͣȲʱҶͺѩɽʦҪһЩѩĸѼӽϱ۵顣
ѩɽʦӦĺˬ죬̾ѩҹȥȡһЩҶҶ˶ľѩɽʦл֮󣬾ȥæϱ۵ˡ
ѩɽʦһ˵ıӰͻȻʵǸǶľ𣿡ҶûнܹľͰѼӵֻ֣˵ԼѣǶľ˼Ҳ
벻ѩɽʦôʣҶʱһ㶣Ͼ͵ͷ˵ǵģǶľʦѩɽʦΪʲôдһʡ
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ҶҡͷǾѣ˭η˭ʦǲʲôװ
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˾ͽϧһ;ˣҶ˵˼ˣȥϢˡǴ۾ˮģװŵĶǵĴ⣬ȻϢҪϢЩ顣
Ҷ˾ͽϧ˼͵ͷ˵ðҷȥϢ
ѩɽʦŮкȥ˺޹֮һղϾ˾ͽϧȻҪͨﵩ岻ҶҲ˵ͶıȻûʹ죬ѡϢ
˾ͽϧѾܹζۻ˵ܿͳ磬Ҷȴûߣа·ӵķ䡣
ҶӵֽţӰΣҪҵȻ¶
СѾͷڷȥ˯žС컹ģ˵ʲôͰ磬Ҳ֮Цĺӻ
СѾͷûг󰡡Ҷ΢΢һЦֱȥ·˱һҪУ͸סСָ֣ܿͽһ
Ѿ֪ҶȻģζһӶǣֱϲ𣬺ܿ˿ֵ۷壬žǲͣĳߵ۷塣
ҶҪ뿪ͻȻѾ۵˯˹ȥҶȻǲܳȻǵ¶أŮӵ޹֪Ļܲá
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Ҷ벻ѩҹȻְãӵû꣬⻹㣬ˣȻԼҲӴˣǲʱӱСոհ壬ٴ궯
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ѩҹͻȻǸսһ͸ҶסСѹӵ£˵£ң
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Ҷſ죬Ŀյĵʲôſң
ҵʲôѩҹʦ㣬ôôأҪҰ˵һĻôأ
ҶǸո⣬ûʲôĵ飬ŮˣҪʲôʱҪʲôʱҪȻϲԣⲢʲô˵飬˵粻
ѩҹЩˣһŮܵһŮӵı˼֣Щͷɣ
˵ǧԱ˵ңҲ֪ѩҹܿˣΪʱʶԼڵĴʵΣգռ˵֪ôֵİãʦźԭͶˣԲ鷢£ҪĴԼ塣
ѩҹȻˣҶûгûôֻǱķúõ˯һ
ʱѩҹ۾߻ҶĺϢȴѾˣ̾һЩԹ˼ҶԼȻԼǧĵĴ˯һ֮ѵôȱ
Ůĺ룬⻰ȻûģҶ벻ԼûгԵѩҹ˼Թ
ѩҹ﷢ʱҶѾص˾ͽϧıĸһĶӣ˵תһ̼ĳˡ
һ֮ڴһ֮ڳҶο˾ͽϧͿʼڷѧļֹȻʱʱʮ죬ŹЩķˡ
Ҫʮ죬ûõģҪǺ鵤ҩ˵ʵҲ׼ȷǺ鵤ҩܹʮؼء
ȥǺ鵤ҩأ
ҶһͻȻһԼţŷ֣ʵû鵤ҩǣûעЩĴڣļûгĻѩҹϾꡣ
ҹ֮ǶĻȴʮ˵κһ꣬ܿ϶Ǿ꣬еϢǳУ
֪ѩҹ꣬׻ᷢʲô顣ףˣμǡϺ˵
Ҷ˺һûμǡд˹ʲôϢʱγˡ
ղƺ˺ܶ࣬Ҷɻʵôˣôôأ
ⴿһʺȴοŵ¶ҸЦݣ˵Ȼ㲢Ĺңһϲ˵ֹĵĻ
æһЩ飬ԲŻֻҪǸѩҹ꣬Ҿ̱ûʮˡνܺãƺҶĵһ仰Ӱ顣
ˣţͷô˵ˣҸˡҶ飬ȻĵĽƺҲûʲôģǾʹԺôƺκˣҲôԹ
ŮҪģֻһŮ˵꣬ӦúúõĺţϾӵԼ
ιȻϲһףӵĿˣĵҶһۣõ˼;ôù˾ˣ˼ңǸĻˣ
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˼˵ֻҪץʱʮ죬ͻõôˣ𣿡ҶԼ̫Ϸˣоζ˶೤ʱķһ
ҲܵҶ˵⻰ʱǰˣȻǸӵϲüЦģĿﶼŨŨʮֶˡ
ǰ˼һ뵽Ҫ˸ŮˣҾرĲġҪȻͰ˾˦˰ɣ
ҶҪ˵ȴͻȻ˻˵Ϲˣ¶ҪأúõŬɣ壬һúõĻر㡣
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һʮ칦Ҷոմ붨ѣ͸˾ͽϧƣŮĶ𣺡緹ˣ
Ҷ۾˾ͽϧһ˫۾ԼͻȻ۾ȻһСָΪж˺öؿڣЩ١
˾ͽϧŵ·ȻǴѩɽů紺Ҫʵ·ҾҪŵĻб͹壬ҲûбҪŪôӷףŮӣ඼ϲƯ·˵Ҫ¶ͣҪֳֵԼõĺͶ˵ļ
Ů˰һԣ֮˽֮һ˼
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϶ôģȵȥǰѩɽԷʱѾһʱ֮ˣ˾ͽϧ鷢ԾǰһЩû˵ſЦ
Էʱѩɽʦûг֣ҶΪǳ̬Ҳû⡣
ʦ㣬ʦôûһԷһ߳Ŷһߺѩҹ
ѩҹ˵ʦչȥˣ˼һҲͳôһΣʱ䣬ڱչء
ʦ㣬˵ѩɽʦѩɽѾ˵ھŲ㣬𣿡廹Ǹ汦رĶࡣ
ٶ࣬СԴŴ۾˭ûа취ܾشѩҹȻҲС
ѩҹЦ˵СѾͷ͸̽ƵģרеʡʱҶͻȻ俴ʵؿһۣǸһĨζЦ⣬ʱһĸоĵﵴûн
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ѩҹһͿҶҶȴѾûӰˣżæŵ׷˳ȥһ仰Ҳʦȥ
ѩҹҲֻܸȥˣ˾ͽϧ㻹ȥɢˣûҪȻƻŪʲôˣҶôż
ѩҹɽǰʱ򣬿Ҷ˱ýģһһСˣأͷʱһۣ˵ԩңôҾô䵭Ա˾ôء
Ҷո۾Լؿʱ龰ѩҹһȣҲǽְһڣԼʵЩ֪߳ܣôܹԴԼأѵԼǵǸͣЩﲻס
˲ֹѩҹԱֱˣϧķӦû㹻ӣԽȴ޿κΡ
ڣˣҶע⵽СٵöܹƿˣЦСԴһ£ѩҹ͸¶һ£֮ġСѩҹ屾Ͷʶǣ
˺֮󣬾ѩɽ棬֮Ҷ¶ţôҵأ
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ҶĻֻСè䣬ۻˣĻ˯СرĿɰڳ˶رҪϧҶռˡ
ѩҹҶ֮͡ʲô¶͸ԡҲŲСĵ⣬Сһĵӣ;Щ֣׼֮䷢ʲôأ
ʦ㣬㲻ϼµôأѩҹһֱûʣֱڲ˳
ͻȻ˵ϼѾûˣʦ˼⵽˺ˮħߵĽ䲻ûеطȥˣֻܵˡ
Ѿ˺ܾˣɽ¶ʼһֱûԼֳǸѩҹôһʣͱˣһͿ޵һʰͣͣСҲ޸ͣ
˶ˣѩҹϽȰοСԺסڴѩɽˣ͵ǵļңססãһӣ
ѩҹĹϵǰֻ˵УֻʵҲʲôطȥˣѩɽѩɽʦʦϼʦǹʽѣͶû뵽ȻҶˣҪѩҹٲʵĻʹСˣ治֪ȥʲôطźá
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뵽֮ǰˮħ飬ЩĬˮħ̫ǿˣھдںˮħһɶվһҲδؾܰѺˮħô
Ǻãʵ̫пᡣ
ʵεĲпᣬ˾εǿҲɣҵǹ͵Ļţҵȥ
ѩɽʦڱչأζԸˮħߵˣҪһ֣Ҷ¶壬˾ͽϧ㶼ϯѩҹΪѩɽδˣλ顣
ոսӺ˸첲İѼӣжľԼõ˸ŸϹĳϼҲһϯ˻顣
ϼ֪ϼѾһϼʦҲڼˮħ߸ֵĹԶݣϵЦݾʧˣ֮Ƿɱս⡣
ϼʦͳϼǺܺõѣѸˮħߵˣѶˣ䲻ôܲŭ׵ĺˮħߺ֮أ
ˮħߵΪԽԽĿŵˣһЩӦĻôƻԽԽʱû˸ҳͷˣѩҹأһˣ˵
ʲôķӦúˮħȴأ˾ͽϧ̾˿ĸԼĶӣЩԼһԶŮûлήٵ䣬ٵֽ֮أ
Ҷһ˾ͽϧĶƤҲ뵽⣬˼һȻȻ˵ҪһЩӦĻԼԶԶģ뻹ҪиɺһС
ҶͻȻӹһͷְͷѹ˵ҾñŽһпŽͬԸˮħߺͬˮħϵĵѧԺ
˶˵ͷ˵鲢Ҳǲ֪ǷЩʮֵңϲɰϲΪƣҪЩ˶Žʵһɵ񡣡
ҿʵѶȲ󣬹ؼҪҩЩɺʶԼʱܱǾͲվһԿˮħߣںˮħǾʾȻƵΪ˱ɸĴͻȻ˵ⷬ˶ʱĿ࿴ԭСӲɰķǳϬ̣úü˶硣
˶òĿ⿴ԼСŮɬһЦС˵ʵҾϹ˵˵ˣҪҰ
˶˷ۣϹ˵˵ҪǺú˵Ļǻò˻˰
ֻһССĲ⻹ڼãǾɽɽɽɽѩɽţϼ£˾ͽɽͬ۹ޱѪţīţ˷ǵһͬٿħᣬͶ³һֻвʮʱ䣡
ޱѪŵĹҶܶīţ۹Ͱ˷ҶҲаٷ֮˾ʮİգˣδ֯ߣҶ
ܼҶûʱͣŮͺ͸һ̤ȥɽó̡
ΣֻҶ͸ϼڴѩɽ׼ˡħڴѩɽٿΪ˱֤˳ٿԼ˵İȫҪиǿ֧Ӧϼʺ¡
529Ϣ
Ҷ͸صɽðɽīСҲʮֵĸˣֶ֮ɫأòҶҲÿ϶Ϊˮħߵ顣
ôˣҶ֪ʡ
ɽЦҶһۣ˵أΪʲô飿ȻǺˮħߺ͵ɽ¶ˡ
īС˵ϼҲˮħߺ͵ɽˣˣ㲻ȥ˵˵ɡ
ҶҡͷǡòڣЩ飬뿪ϼɽ֮ˣҪǡ˵Ļҵڻ֪ء
Ҷ˵ֵʱ΢΢üͷȻڵĴʮֵĿ֮˱пɺ֮ĶвûΪʧֻԸڱˡ
ⲻҶĶխ˶ûɲǳɵӲŻ᲻ǳء
ʦˣʲôطΪѾءīСʹʲôزסû⣬ʱҶ滳һǲǹģñ˴ΪǸ³ç֮ͽϻ
ҶʹŵİнɽīС˵һ飬Ҳ׼ڴѩɽٿħ׼ǱҲ顣
ҲΪħ飬벻Ѿ˼ƻͺ˵ˣֱӲˣİɣ漰飬ҶûѡģҪôһħкܴʤ㣬Ҫôǹ͵û˭ʣµľǸƣӴɢˣҲ˵ѡ񡣷İɣͷҺһ£һзǳīСʮ㡣
ɽ˵ȷĴжʮа۹͸壬Ȼ˺ǿ󣬿ҪŽһµĻҲС
Ҷ⻰ʮֵĸˣ̸ֺһ˾ͷͷȥ֯Ļȥѩɽμħˡ
ҶѾɣޱѪͰ˷ǣûҶ˵ººѩʹ˼˼͵˷սף䣡
ˣȻǺˮħߺ͵ɽ֮
Сʤ»飬Ҷ͹»лƱƺúõһ֮ȥοһ°ӣѾҹ
Ҷ뿪˰ӣԷűĺϣ·ںˮ˲ȦлӴӺ汧ס㴵һСĲ۷۵Ϣ
ҶعȥסС㣬һ֮ͨͱСˣ˺һȣ֮ӵںϵǸ棬Ȼ
һϢһϢйأһ۷ſҶϣૡ
һϢһϢйҵģ㲻һϢˣϢǸӲҵġѽ÷۷ۣʦ㣬Ҳˣ
ҶϽģ۷۲ŷ޷޵ķſĶ䣬˵Ҫٸô˵Ҿҧ㣬ȻҧԾ
Ҷ棬ϽǸһŰС˺ãа룬ԺҲˣģЦҲôÿİҧ˲˵СƤ㷭ء
ˣţ˵ɣ׶ʲôϢ˵õİɡ
ߣС㻹û˵ء
۷ˣСӣҶֺģһŰϢ˵˳
ϢŮ÷۷۴ŶҶҪ飬ǱѾ˺ܴĽչʱڣˮ޹в˺
530֮زز
ϢǷ۷۴һ֪ˮħѾ㷢ȫĽʱڽڣ죬ȴû֪
ˮħж³һԺ༸յĻħỹã⼸ͷ˵ĻǸͲħˣ
ҶõϢûٺͷ۷ǣСѾͷҲ֪Ƚأͻص˺Ͻȥ¡
ص˹űҶ˯ţͰѰɽīС˹нЩӶסڹűŮҲѸոյõϢ˵һ£˶о̬ԣò鶨ħǰ֮ڡ
ûа취˯ҹ׼ħˣڶϣҶ˻ͬһЩĻˣ˴ѩɽμǰյħᡣ
μħɾ뵱ԤҪ˽һ룬һ벻Ϊ²ؼ߸߹£Ҫô͸ɴѾͶˮħߵĻѾͶ˺ˮħߵĻ̬չѾǳϾ
Ѿʶ̬ԣô̸ħˣͼ򵥵ĶˣЩǲڸˮħū۵ɣսףҲѡսǱħּ
ȷּʣµľĿ꣬ɺְ𻮷ֵȵȣЩɰɽӵɣһζ˾Ļ󣬰жȫһĽӰ
ЩΣʵϸһֱȽǻ۵ЩӰ޷жзӳӦеúͲܣˣôȨǣҲûκεͼֵ
ңЩҪ̳еĶǱסĻҲʹȻһֻʰ̯ӻɨβĹ
Ҫ֯һɹħжҪĹɲһǰ㣬ɽαжָӣҶθָӣīСȼɫθָֹӣÿ˼ϵĵӶǳأ˭⡣
ǣܴҶѾ㹻СĽڵڶҹѩɽһͻĿϮϮĲǱģǺˮħߣ
鷢ķǳͻȻ˶ӦѾˮĵ˷ӵΧû
ҶƤһֱ͸оԾҲΪԼԤо˵ֻǺͰɽīС˵һ£ҲˣǾͶһЩѲɽ
ҶΪԷһڲٷѲߵֽţԱʹӰ۲죬ⷢʱӦ
ǣҶͻȻоԣΪЩ˵һ˲ˣһڣں֮ǰĺӰ˴ѩɽĻɽ󣬷ӵ롣
ҶȷӦˣɾȵ˰ɽ߳ѩɽʱ򣬻ǷѾ֯˷ɽ˳Ѿӿ
Ͻ߰ɣˣҶһ̾Ͱɽ˸Ͻ޹ͬѾŮϽɽ롣
̸ʲôħĻǾ޴ʲô¸ң˶ֻѡܣֻҪ˻ţϣ
ڽҹҶЩŮ˺ѶߣҪȻǶûлᣬˮħߵʵ̫ˣֻһɫĹâЩɵͶҷĻᶼûУ˵ˡ
ǺˮħߵʵѾµľ֮еĳ̶ȣ
ҶЩһ·ɳۣŶǲҲ̶õ龰ȻΪɳ۵ٶޱȣɻĴĿѡ
531СҶ
ҶҲٿеĳ嶯Ҫȥɱǰˮħߵ˵ҿԱߵסûɵ£ȥʲôأ
ϼȴûܵסȥȥ˻ûأͱɹĺâ˷ɻңϼû޾ĺâ⺣֮Уż¶һͷֳûȥ
ҪҶȴ˻֣˷ɳԶݣʱ˭ˣⲻǵ⣬ûмֵ⣬ҪЩȥ˱ֻȻлᡣ
Ҷһֱɵɽ˵ȫĵطΪķǿ˷ָϴθԺ˵¼һˣȴɽͳϼɽĸƣ
ϼδڼʶ˺ˮħǰĿºѾǸɰͷܻϣ
ҶЩ˶ְ֮ԼĽָķָԼŮˣɽīСѶзòĶҪ
Ҷ͵͵ţд˼ðɽīСŮ˵Լ뷨˶ͬ⣬Ѿֻú۾Ҷӵһ£ǵҲˡ
ҶӲûȥԼЩŮǣֻߵʱиֵܣ˺ԥĴӦҷֻҪǻţǾͲ¶
ɽ뵽Լ֮ǰѰӣиҶȴʱ죬͵ת˹ϰ
īС᲻Ҷ۾ͮͮģҶļһ£˵ҶҵʱһѴ˸һҪºѩء
˵ţ˾ȻƲסԼ飬ŪðɽôӲ˶ȥ˲ᣬعʱҶѾˡ
ɽ̾˿īСĨһѱ飬Ӳ˲˵ذɣŹ͸ǣȻˣѵģҪѺã
īСһôͰɽӵ˵ɽ˵ͷЩ˸е˵СȲڵĻǵðչ˺СӣСЩŮˡ
īСͻȻЦˣ˵ģλеãڵĻ϶Ҳңģƭ㣡
īСתˣɽתʱ򣬴пһִδйľ֮⡣
Ҷֻ۷۸˱Сߺ飬Ȼ󰧰Ǳ˺ģҲûг
ˣʲôأ
ȵŮҶûлвףȴõţһ涸γϵʱҶѾ˵ɽĸ
ҶǱʱڴסһΪʵˣԼ׼õĵҩȡ˳ȥͻȻͿʼŤȫĹͷûˣ֮Ǹ˵شɽг鴤˺ܾã˲Ű
۾˵﷢Ҷģǲ̫밡̫ˣһıǺţƣӦܹ̲ʱ䣡
֪ǲԵ֣Ҷáμǡ˵ĶطռһȻСҶҶһͬģúиУΪԵ֣ѾʧСҶ˵ȴǶ˵ͷ
ҶɽһʱʱСҶļȫ꣬Ϥ֮󣬾ʩʩȻ߳ɽ֮ҵС࣬һɽɽȥ
532
СҶȥЩŮ˻ôôûֻأ
Ҷ߽ɽԺĹţһѵеλСҶļߣһǵˣΪòÿСҶٷòãǳɽŮӵϲһֱͿСҶ˳ۣҲ鷳
СҶʵȵλˣֻǵλ֪ǱĶʵıӲӣôСҶ¶
СҶ˱Ƚϵ͵ͬʱЩڼоͲ̫ӣ۸ҲԸùҹҲΪӣŻҶ˸ȵռ
˵Ըˣ⻰һ㶼٣
ҶʱޣΪ˾ĻˮħߵڲҪһЩҲøıԡ
λӦɵģңŪ֮˵ҶЩ鶼ʮֵСҶļʮֵҶͬԼļһɼ򵥡
λһ㶣һƣҶЦһ̧־һСҶһֱõؼˮħ֣һɫˮӰӡ˵λؿУϢģʮֵᣬǵλȴһӷ˰ۣ˹ȥ
ҶҪľЧĿɿڴ˵ϽȥҲ뿴Ҿķ
ǲҪԶְҶСӻ﷢㶣ʱɭɭ˵仰ƽ̫ƽ׽ˣС඼ҸӽԺ鲻ٷˣҶǣ
Сһ飬͸о˺ˣôͻȻˣ
Ǻ뷨СֽûţϽѵλϽݣ뵽λıС඼ֱ˭һĲǰ
ҶһȥС飬߽ţųһС¥ȥ
ǴС¥µĵط˵Ҷûʸμ£ֵͼĻҲУǿȻĴЩǿԵõĴκʱ޷ı飬ֻҪ˴ڵĵط
ڻûеʱ䣬ղŵλסʵǲμӻ飬벻ȰԼˣ
ȻҶûɱˣҲΪλûгֵķӳļֵѡ
С¥ǰ棬˵סҶǵλֵţ˳ζͶСҶʮֵļʺͲޣ鷳¶Ҳɡ
㲻ʸ񣬹һȥűĵĿҶһۣ˵ĵȻûбס룬Ҷˮħ֣ǺˮĳԱһȦĳԱŻĹ
ǰСҶǵ͵͵ٵ͵۸ҲҶȴˣȻӴļԽƣúǾԴˡ
ˮħֵڲɵֵСҶˮħֻû򣬶ҶڴѩɽַǳĺâǺˮħɱԺĳԱǲŻĹһֺϻ֮Ϊɱǡ
Ҷ֮Ҫ뷽跨ɽʵյĿľǱˮħߣֻû뵽ԼôãһӾҵôʵһѡ
СҶˮħֹȻǲ򣬿Ҫ˭ãƾҶĹ˵Ϊ棬ҲԶʤԭٱ
ˮħߵ˶СҶôĻͲϼɽʹѩɽѣŷɥϧʵǡǡ෴
533
ˮСҶݺһǣϿʲôۼûУȴʧȥʶ
ҶɨһԱߵļˣһʩʩȻ߽С¥ǼŵĺֱȥˣŸϽ˵ƣȴôҲŪΪʲôŻԲѡ
СҶô̵ʱ￴еľη֮ľ׳ٶһ˿ĵ
¥㣬һȺѾ˳ߣҶŶ룬˵˶ͣĿͶ
ӣмģưܶƫƫûһ˵Ҷ㹻أҶСҶ̫ʧܣ治һ˵á
˭ģڳһĿҶеǸūϵĵĸ磬һ۸ڶļһԺ¡
ҶɨһۣһλȻûпյģԭӦǸλãѾһ꣬СҶѣ˵Ϊѵˣʯߡ
ȥģҪͽܵ𣿡Ҷ־Ͱѵʯߴ÷ײǽϵ˼ѪʩʩȻ£мĿŵ
һų͵СҶͻȻô˶Щ죬ǵıҲԽܣԽܵЩʺͶʼɵˣ
Ļ˵֣Ļûл˵͸Ҷһƺϣ۵һ죬Ȼֵס˴󲿷ֵƺشĹͷˣǱ濴ȴһ¶ûС
۵亹ֱðɫҰףԼֻƹıΣŷˣҺ񻹲Ǻᡣ
һ˵Ҳװˮûйͷ⣬˶ԹƤըʵ̫ˡ
СҶҪ嶯лú˵һλϵ˿һñȽº͵˵һ亹λͻȻ䷢쭵ĹӸ粻ҪԼҲһƣǿˮħְ
Ҳ£͵ƽΪգԲӣ޷ãԾͲϲεĴµλϣѾܶ꣬յɽǨӦóΪԺĸԺԺˣ
Ұ·ӣô˵ʵҲһ̬ȵı˼û˸˵ʲôʵϣҲҪҪ˵ʲôϾ˭Ϊڶʯ߻ߵ
ҶҰ·ӱ̬ڲصһʵǰҲԼıһЩͶ˼ֻʱûעЩ˵ȱ뷨ͬº͵һЦЩ嶯ˣžҸҲ̲סҪ嶯һµİɡ
Ҷһ˵⻰˶Ψһǵ룬ҶΣΪСӵĸǺˮħߵңˮ
ȻˮСҶ˵ﲢǺܳ㣬ɺˮϲӵϰߣΪˮħܵѺ͸ӹɽ˲Դ˲˽⣡
һ뵽ˮײ飬˶ðҶĿȻȻͶ˼־η⼸־ηһղŵ֣һԺˮĻ
ţҶ٣ҿ˰ɣᣬ˵Щʱûзִ磬дͲҪƽˡҰ·⻰飬˶úܱŤòУĴһԹĿҶһۣҴȥżԼֺ
534λ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵ʲôˣҰ·ֵ֣ǽһأɽԺȥھˡ
Ժһʮ£ÿ¹һÿڣҰ·Ӻ͵ܵÿרŸ⣬ֿﱦԼɫɫĶǵĹϽΧ
˵Ǹ鷳ÿڣҲˮǳÿڣȽϼҡ
ھֻ˲һӣҵžͱײһ߸ɨһˣĿҶϣǺˮСҶ
ҶûпĴ˸ǷǱүôˣ
ôˣҵĵܵܣ̧־һڹ⣬Ҷ塣
ҶһͶ㿪ǵڹ⣬ͬʱóˮħ֣ȫˮħֵ磬˵һɨ˾;Լһž˵ľͷһԼ˹ȥ
ԭϵƤһ˲ڻˣֻʣ˹ͷû¶
˵˵ϣ֮һɭɭ׹ǣƫƫû¶ֻǿŲҲ̶ã
ҶҪҪȥһ£ֿˣһ˽˵Ĳ״ɫʱһ䣬ߵĸҪ˵ȴֹǸĿҶԲҶ٣ȮӲðˣϣܼ£Ҫһʶ
Ҷ֪ǵĸ׵ģԺʮ֮һ֪ͬǳĶӲͬ˳Ǹ˵͵¹ܸߡ
Ҷ˵صԹ˼ұĹôãҲͲԵ̫ˣǾЦ˵̫嶯ˣǱǸ˵ʥҩûȥðɡ
еԹһЩΪҶóǺˮħרҽˮħִ˵ҩ࣬˵ʥҩһ㶼ǿţֻҩˮħֵµ˿ڡ
лҶٴҩĽӹҶݹҩ࣬ǰûעСӣķֵ÷ǳĵʹݣûһưͷͷ˼£СӲѰǰˣû׼ǽһôأ
뵽ĵԺзɿתͷ˵Ҷ٣̫꣬ʺϵһְͷһᱨ»ᣬȥαְҶΪʺְλ
ҶһЦǾͶͻ·ˡûж˵ʲôǵһĨϲĺ
λûбҪλ̫Ȼ˼Լ£ҶȻҪôҲˣˣô𾴣ԲҶٵ
ľǾҶټȻүȻ͸дٵɺͰҶֵǡô
ӦõģҶٿˣΪɽžټͲţҲҵıݡҶ٣һˣΪҶѹ
ĵ̬ȱ仯˶ЩκǶоСҶܺߣǵ󡣡
ҶӦĵɨһۣĿһҰ·ӣתʩʩȻȥֱ˶ûӰˣȴھ̾ڵĵı֮ǿ
鿪ʼǰҰ·ӾǰףҶΪ£ʱӦĻǾǴˣҲϽףأͬʱ̶ףҶٵҶȻҲòӦӣҪģԺһҪһµ
ֻʱʱҶֽСҶҶ٣ַΪƸΪı£ԼΪԼЩе
535½
ηֵĿǽҰ·⻰һڣ˶ʱͻȻ
һʮϡеĿʯϡеĳ̶ȣˮ¾ʯҲֻԲһѡ
ǣͬˮ¾ʯͬǣӦ÷ΧӵĹ㷺ֿʯƾĵģĵʥҩڹϴ跥Ųá
Ĵǳ޴󣬳ƣﵽʮҰ·ӻ˵ı鲻𾪣ӳذըʱ˾ͶĿɿڴͣſˮ
һƬžʿˮͼٵĺĶһţ
ʮǮһʮһһһһһһһ
ʮǾʮڽĽ⻹ǳĹ㣬һ˵ֹ㶼㣬ϸƽϵĻôĴ
˵۾ﶼʼ˸⣡
һǳᣬСһţһʮڽĽжأ
ڷ֮Ͻļ۸СһŽƷֻһ㣬ʮңǼƷĽͬСһžǧĽңʮڽĽܻٽأǸ⡣
ҶҲ𾪣ھٶĽң˵Ҳûκε壬ֻǷԷӳ⵹һֵ˼顣
λñȽ⣬ҪھĻһ
Ұ·仰˶һӣ۷׷ף˵ʲôطܹԵɽͺˮħߵϴأ
Ұ·ӿҵòˣͻȻ˵ˮ¶Χ֮ڡ
ˮ¶ʲô˭壬ֺαںһССˮ¶أ˵ҶԱߵһ꣬ϴżְĿȷʵ峺㣬ḡ֮ˡ
Ҳǿ񻰣ƾڵɽͺˮħ߲һƣɨ¶Ǵţһˮ¶ҲӦʲô¶ˮ¶ǳ뺷
룬ˣǵɽͺˮħ߹Ȼȴûô޵Уô޵еĻôΪӪѾͳ졣
Ұ·ӿһۣ¶飬̾˿˵룬鲻ڱ棬ܶʱΪܼ򵥵飬ʵŵ඼ôļ򵥡
ЩҰ·ӵĻ˵鱾ûôӰαҪѼ򵥵Ūúܸأûе
ЩͶԶȽҰ·һԵЩʱˣϿͺͱ˲̫
ҲΪЩȻҰ·ӵʱڳī˲ϲϲɾ䣬̼ˬ죡
Ұ·ֹûм⣬ȻҲûм˼λµĻΪȻ
ҶҰ·Ϊʲôˮ¶쿴ôѶԸѵˮ¶ʵѾǿ˵ɽͺˮħ߶ǵĵز
Ǳ˵ˮ¶ӵЦ˿ɵеĳ̶ҶӦòģֻǲоʲôè
Ұ·Ӿٺ˽ʲôģֱӾͷҶǺһȥӵڵصĸתԷעҶǶӳ뵣θӳ
ҶܹоõȻ϶Լأż¶Ĳмȴ˵ĵʵ뷨
536±˰
ԤףСҶʵҶЩҡЩΪʱ磬ΪȻǴӦ˶»ƼһְɱϾûгΪʵ䷢ʲô仯Ҳ˵顣
ʢȴ˵ҶҲͷһźųȥǾˮСҶԺܻ÷ǳôҶи׼źˮϢҲ÷ǳľȰɣ
ˮһֱϲаĺӣСҶǰӣΪЩǻҶı͸֣Ӵ˺ˮСҶһȻͬĵ·
ںˮСҶ˵ȴֻһǾҶȥʱͻһʬ壬ҲǸûֲˣֻȽϲһ㡣
ڵɽı˰ǣΪʮ֮һı˰ǣӵŶڼƵ˿ڣĵµˡµһݱ»µġ֮У
˰һˮǣжǽڵİߣγĺˮΧУͬʱͨ˴ĴУγһ羰ˮ
һһһϣűˮǰУˮ඼ʯͷͳľĸཨʱŻߴ򿪣һͻȻǵҰ
е괵˿ڣŭ欻ɬͶÿԽڴɧʫ˴󷢣һ컵ʫЦһƬ
˰ǲûкѹǷ·ĩյĽȸУﷱɣƽɣɣȴǵɽͺˮħߵΧ
˰ǵʷƾãƾõܹ׷ݵûʷʱеʼߵľ޴ȴɴ޴ǳص룬߸ͷ­ǰбָĳìŲƱھɽͺˮħƣȴҲûҪ֡
˰ݱ¼Ĳҵӹһܳθ棬жٵ⣬յĽȴֻһ˰ǻݱ¼ı˰ǣȴѾڡ
ݱ¼Ϊʲôܹʼհѱ˰ǰУһֱǸδ֮գû˼ݱ¼һޱȵأԲ¶ȡ
СҶƤҲҶմƤҵĹ⣬Ӹս˰ǿʼڶǴ󵨵ŮӣҺʥŮ֮ͬĽѣڴϵүǶۼʵúܡ
ҶԴȴûа£ǲòװһΪӣŷӵܵϰߡ
κʮֵĲҶȴ侪ȵķ֣ʵϲŮˣ͵͵Ŀ·ЩӢΰӣ
뱾ʮֵ㿡Ů࣬˵Ҳʮֵᣬ˵ʵϵı֣Ҷûа취ΪⰮõȺеһԱ
ҶԼŲһЩȻܲϲˣһҪǺȶզأҶǲò
ҶɴȥĽţĺžƣͷ羰ʵͷȴһ㶼ɣеĿһԼôߣʱ䲻࣬ҪȴǳҪʱ䣬ŻлᣬⱾһìܣìܣ룡
ҳɹˣҲδؾȫˣ뵽ЩҶ鲻Щį
վϣʱһЦ潿ȣһ˼Ľ񳯣̾̾ϡСɽˮңңǧ·졣
ͻȻҶжȻһ΢յ۾Ȼ˳ǸƮķȥ
537°
ȴûг˵ټֻԶһһƮɵɴĻһ˫ƺܶҲĵӣҶȷŸ˫ˡ
ĿͶˣԲҶһлˣĿⶼͶһ
̣һǰ̣
˰һˡ
һŮ
۷׷ףܿ͵ȥڳţ̵ĸʵ̫ˣ֮ԣֻϸ
ηѣк˷ʱͻȻһʵеµǣѾ¥˾磬׹͸ɡ
⻰˵òǺܿǶ֪˵֪ʵλѾǺܿˣΪģΪǵɽδĵһ˳λ̳ˣ
Ļû˵ȴһСѾͷĻ˳˵ӣҲ֪Ĺأֻܹǰڸˣù뿪⻭
Ҷԭô¶ԺзСҶļ䣬¶Եɡ
֮ǰͻȻػϣ峪һסվգػ˳ӿһʱǾ˺Ŀö֮˾Ϊˡ
ˣȻû˼ĿֻɴˣȴѾͲ֮ͣǣȴûܽǰ׸裡
ȻҲ뵽ǿȴ˰ǵѲǾһʰеĲɴ͸ɶι㣬ոж궼δı˰˰̵ϣ˵˰ıˣӴ˾Ҳû˸Ρ
ɴˣҲ˲һϵе룬˻ӭľ˵ʵϾǱ˰嵱飬Ϊš
˵硣Īһǣ
Ҷ˸Ƿ飬һȤûУҪǰĻῴֻǲУܷ񱧵˹飬ûҲûʱ䡣
Ҷ˷ʱ䣬Ǿͳ˶ڿֵĵһСҲæڿⶼĴöңĴһӣСжȥ
ǴһΪĴأоĺϤͷһǺüöңʱͰüЦҧҧöңСķ˻УЩǮ㹻Ϻü´ˣǷˣ
ҶͻȻһЩºһЩˣбҪȥһЩˣһЩ¶
ԸΥҶСò״С󴬵Ĵ֣һսǵʱȻһһǱ߳ҶСײ˹
ҶҪѾֻθոշ𣬾һŲҫ۵Ľâֺֿݣ˲Ѿţ
ͷҶȻǲʵʵĵǽУæ֮ʹСҶĹֻԼĹŲ˲ƿܹ֧ɱĽ
ס
˷һ̾һ֧Ҷһ֧Ѿһٶ޹·˵壬һɫӰ׷ϣץס֧
ƽ׷ƽˮʣ
˾һĴֻ˲ͳȥеĸɴ֮ززȴҶܹĵڶ͵ЩҪ˶䴩ѳɷɳ
ʲôɱ飬ʲôûԣˮʺµһУѵڹͣ
538ºˮ
Ҷû˼ܱ˵μ䣬Ѿʧ˺ˮʵƽѾ׷˹ȥһܲˣ޷Ƶĵˣһǲõķʽ󻼡
ǣһӣˮʵĻ̵ĻԱʱԶͻȻɫüͷʱ׵ɫ΢΢һͣǻƽղŻᷢźš
ˮʶԵԼļƽһ֣ǾƵâһƿնȥת˲š
벻ԭ׷ƽҲжԸ˵أֻڴϿĴЦ
ˮʵĿ˿ԼһΪһ̳˵ĵǣܲϲˣҲһϲ뵽ԺҪٵ⣬ˮʵüͷĸˣڵǵƣô
ҧһڣ˲Ҳȥҧһڰɣѹɱ˵Ĺ⵹Կǡ
Ǽˮʽüͷû˵ΪԼ˵һŶ˳۾÷ǳװļһʹˣͷǳĸˣڶڰܾ̾Ĳʱˡ
ôʹӣô˵أǲʧܵζܲܰԽţںˮʵǰѵĻţò׵õĻᣬһҪݺݵŸǡ
ˮû˵ֻǵͷ飬ߵһŽɫ׵СŮ˵ǣעĴǣʦֲ㣬Ϊ㣬Ϊ㣬ƾ㱾£ҶһغϣҲ浨󣬸ôţʦһûƺָȰ
СŮŽɫ׵ָܷܷһĶᣬǼֱ黨أһҲܲСİѵǸôֻ˵⣺һˮʵ̫ǿˣڶʵ̫Сˣ
ߣֿܶС
С㲻Ҫ̫ˣǿʦķϣͰ¥波ǧѹζˡɭɭ˵ŭӲѹȥŭ˵ǱҪĿγ̣ĳɼһ򶼷ǳ죬ȴֻŭһܹΪɽĵһ˳λ̳ˣûбôУ
ǵһֱǺܺãǹҲãҲãܶ˵ӡǸ׼ӵܣûʲôʵȫǿӡ
Ϊˣʵ϶ףеΪΪѾ˷ɻһǻ
֮ôţô޵µĴ̼ˮʵСʦãʵĿľԲǳܹںˮǰŵĻϽţ϶ûôǳʵϣͼֻǳԼԶ벻ѡ
ϵĴ˺ͳǸ̵еǣǴԼнĵλҲԲֻΪĸһ˺ѿܿһеˣǽһ̳λõЩĻˡ
ˮʵСʦҶʹȻ룬ס̧̼־һɫĽ⳯ûжܵ˼ֻǵĿǱɫĵƵСԼü
ǣǻʧˣΪһεǰСڼԴһɲ赲סȻֽ˻ȥˮʶ΢΢һЦЦʮļڽ֮⡣
539°׸
Ҷʮֵգ޺޵ĿŹЦĵǣԹĿһԼʦ֣ɫСת߽˴档
ˮʿŵǣ˵˼Ȼʱ˵޴װ޴ӣ飬ȴܶʱķǳ޴ѵԼûв𣿡
ǹЦͽʹӱȻ޲ɼҪȻҾͲǵǣҲǺˮˣˮˣһǱȵ˴Ӻܴ
ˮʸոչüͷֹֽ̾˿˵úƽϣ׹ѾˣǲӦøȥһ˰
Բ𣬽ʹӣĹزκܡ
վڻſڵСѾͷû˵꣬ˮʾͻ˻ֲ͵˵ܣǰ׸質ɡ
СѾͷ˿ɴĻ棬һ̾ĳֻ籯ȣбȴģȴױ䡣
Ҷһ𾪲ѣʲôʱԽģ˲ڣˮȻǽ˺İڣȴЩǣǿ
ϾѧޣҶҲƾż׸ͰƱƸˣǵ˵֮
Թ۵˻̲סкãʵǺˮʷŸƨЩҲ˵ãοӵǰ׻Щ˶Ϊأ
ˮʶԼʫһ԰ҪƼ壬ҪѧϰܶĶûʱϷͳ˷һĴʫˣ¶һС֣ǳΣҲǳһ£֪ˮʳ˻ɱˣʫ裡
˭Уλ˹ȻǳǸЩЩòǺܶ࣬û˶еĶ
ˮҲԼģ˿̣ľЩˣͲûгãΪɴĻԵСѾͷ˵ˣԲ𣬺ˮӣԵֻ˵ãȴǾѣ
ˮʵüͷһ壬ƤЩ̣Щŭ⣬ĵҵ֪ʲôĽð׹þأ
СѾͷ˵ܼ򵥣ǾѵĻ֮ڽʹʮİ˽ոսĸ豳гȻŵĻֻ˵Ǹˡ
ˮһ̧ۿһЩΧ۵ˣ˶ͷӣ֪ԼղŵĽȷʵû˭ǵá
ǣ˵һ޷ǵİڸ
ʱСѾͷ˵һùǹѣʵȻʮ˳һܹϰڱܳ㲻вǵĻ
ˮʵԣһЩ̧ͷһԾԾȴֿµͷӣЩʮа˾סľʫ߻ܰǰ׸Ҳǲ࣬У
ˮʹȻɱ飬ҲĹغ͵·ϣȴҲûˣĶϰسŵԭЩʱҪеģŲǿ޵УҲҪģҪǰ˶ˣ޵ҲûãҲǸڵŭûһҡ
ˮЦ̾׹ˣҵȷûͲǿˣǡʮֵѣ˵߾ߣתۼ仭ʧ˽ֽǴ
Ҳ̾˿ȥǰڸı¶ûУ߰ɣ
540
ҶӰˮǳƧ涼Ƿ԰ͷһƬïܵˮд֣һԴԵˮչԼ͵壬΢ҡҷʱмֻˮзɳ˼߷ʣַɽʳ
ҶѾɱƽ滹ĸҲҪһɱΪɱɱΪ˵õƽϵط
طĸƽΪʲôܵôԭҪȻƾǵʵ׷ҶԶԶ
ҶһʧУһݷմѧı£εĹϵԽԽˣһˣʹҶһЩ¡
Ҷıºαǲ̫Զˣֱһİٿȫ飬ʲô֪ȻҲѧ
һݷǳļ򵥣ȴǳֻһܽһռǵطЩ˲ƣǱ˲Ƹӵʵá
ƩڣҶһݷվԭأȴѾʧˣҲֻΣϢҲصǸռ棬ط൱ûˡ
ʲôĺһݷñĲһǰ㣡
ƽˣҶȻǰԼһռ䣬ҪѰҺʱһٽĻֻҪǷһ¶ͰˣҪطá
أ
ôͻȻûˣ
ѵСӻ𣿡
ܡ
ĸƽţ۾̽ȻʲôģǺûоȥ˼
ҶҪģͷһЩϢĸƽɹͣһ򰵰ĸ˵Χһ
Ҳν̸Ҷı֮һ˵ϹʱĳλţĴĿұ죬Ҷǰֻһ΢ЩˣԸƽֱȽĴڣҲ֪ǷܹЧֻһһˡ
ô¶ʲôط
ãǸˣ۷
ԣⲻ۷󷨣ǰ˳˸ˡ
᲻ǸСõֶΰ
ѾĸƽԭתȦȦҶԭתȦ֪ʵĸ˵УѾһƬ֮ϣֻһСûκεڵС
оţֱΪϲŭ־ĸƽľǾţָ·ָܹĸо
˲һľɫͷ˱任ǸСѾʧˣĸ˶ڴпţޱ޼ʵĴ󺣣ѹ级ˣĸ˿κεϣǵ־ʮֵļǿǰһжǻԲû뷨ֻЩȡ
ҶȻżȴûżֻ֣ǾʱܵõطҪٽҪȴʱ
Ҷܹ֮еľɫ任ӹһĨа΢Цһӣеľɫʱһ䣬˺ＸһģһĵطֻǷλЩԣĸƽûʶһ㣬ʮֵĸˣΪϷѾأ
ҶǶΪصʵУΪԼ߳ˮ˫ĲҲ̶ãĸʮ̵ֲЦЦʱλˮʳˣ˵ҪһЩͣ飬ˮʵȷҶСҶļеõ˲ٹںˮʵϢоڡ
541
ͻȻԶҶüͷһ壬ȻˮħֶȻӲĴĸԺĻƽｫطһ˳һĸ˾ͱ˷ɳ˲ԶˮУûС
գۼ䣬ˮʾʹжȻ֣üͷһִһŹ⣬ˮз˳
Ҷһ⾹Ȼĸ˵Ļǣϧղż飬ڼòͻȻˮʻһźͻǹͨؼͨء
Ҷ룬Ȼһ˲ͽĸ룬ַɿûУʱѾԶڰ֮һǰ档
ҶͨӰˮȥʵЩˣһǴĸǶ˵ĵˡ
СҶĽǶ˵ˮûѹҶĽǶ˵ˮĳˣ˶˺ˮħߵˮǺˮħߵδˡ
ҶѾ̶ˮУҪݺݵĽҪˮɻˮҪ̶ˮﶼѪƯ֣
ҶջߵǰţԼ̡
洫һһصǽŲűһӴҶʵʩʲô𣿡
㡣Ҷ˵ҲԼİ
һŵʣǸҶ׽ˣʵʩʲô㣿
㣬Ʈ㣬˶ѡ
ʩ
꽫ҶýŵһɲǣͻȻʣʩ֮ʩҪʲôأ
仰ͲԼ֮ˣҶһۣһȳһȶ̣Ǹȳӣ۾ȴһ
ҶûлشֻǵĿһۣɫȥ
ҶӹһÿĻߣȻмȻ˼
ǰҶǰȽҶԵƬ̣һңŲŴ򿪣ҶС
֮Уһ޴ķ񣬿ȴķ񣬶ǡһˣ
ӷʩˣʲô𣿡ƷľʵҲЩζҶȴ֪ʮа˾ŸûʲôϵֻǹŪˡ
ûʲôֻһʾ˰ˡҶվԱߵľ޷ڻǰѤıڻ˵
ˣʲôأƶɮǵǷʲô˰˵һЩ֮⣬вҶҪ˵
Ҷȴû˸Ƿ˵ʦ˵ˣǷһЩһôأ
ĬһȻЦôСʩΪҸôأЩɱڵ˼ҶѾܵѹɱϢ¡
ҶӻóһңĶ˶ַŽ˻УеʱɢȻûһӰһªޱȵĵˣһƺ«ȾƣﻹһӣԺȵúǺˬ졣
ӣ֪ûйϵȻڱչأҲʰ㣬Ҫǲ뻹ծҲԣﻹмĶӵʲôطȥ㵹ʱǳԪ¾Σ
ǸӰ˸Ƿʧˣ˵ϢЩ٣˺һŰʵ˵ɣǸϲңʲô飿
Ҷ˵ıɣղǱׯ϶װģ΢ҪΪˮħߵˣҪľôܰһ㣬Ҳʣҿ㣬ܼ򵥡
542
򵥸ƨ㵱˭˵Ϊˮħߵ˾ͳˣҪǱ£ö𣿡˷޷޵˵
ҶȴһЦҲ֪΢ĩôѵʵ޷һ뵽ˣҲΪ㣬ֻҪһЩ飬Ҿ͵㻹ʦǸ飬ô
˵Ǹϼһﲻˣˣ˵˵ɣҪʲô飬Ȼ˵вҲûãܲԼҪˣûʲôȻŸҪ
һҪѧı£ڶҪЩңҪǸСѾͷ
һֱԱߵǸȳȵһҶĵ϶ʱһ䣬΢΢һ죬ݺݵĵҶһۣߵΣﲻʲôҪҪ
Ҳҡͷ˵ֻܴӦڶһҪӦĻҾţŹŲ⴫˭ơܣΨһĵӣδŵˣ縺ʹҪǵ¶Ҫٱͱˣ
ҶһЦӻóһСˣǸС˺;˳һģһתͷž˵Сˣʦﻹкüʮ˵ҪǲСİЩŪˣƩ˵˺ˮħ߻ǵɽĸǰǷĳЩǰǻһĳأ
˵ţҶóһ룬ҪǸС˵˸Ͻ𶯣ҶӦˣҪЩٵҪģ
ҶЦ˵ҷ֮ǰҪȷģʦ˵ϲˣҪûʲôԼĻʲôĵ¶ɵĳ
˵һ죬૵˼䣬ͷһģҶҲ˶ģǸС˽˾ˣʣµЩҪֱҶʦȥˣȻΣҲûа취
ҶӾõһӣ˺ӣһСӣһСһߡ
޵еףͿף۴˾ΰҵžĸ䣬ʦʦʦϣʦϣΪǾŵʱŵΣգҾͰ׽һã׽ŵĳɱ¾ȶ
˲Ŀףһ״أȻѾˣҪǵҪʱһҪæ
ͻȻһЦԺŮˣ㲻æҲûйϵֻҪ㲻¸˳ЦУ
˴һҶһУܣķ飬Ҷ˵ﶼǾŵĹʦԼ˶ģҲҪˡ
˵꣬תˣǸȳӣҶοøСɲҪôŮˣŮأ
ҶûһһȥϥһͷʱһǹѸٵĳ󿪻зɳƹ֮У鼰ÿһ䣬ĵط
Ƭ̣ʧҶվһŵİ취аôͰЩ档
˵գֹһʲô߳˴ſڣȳôͳˣмбһۣȻΪʲôѧᣬһ廨ͷ
543
ı㲻Ҷĵȴû˵
ǰһȳһյĴ·Ҷ󶼾ۣȳȲ̫ˣ·ǷƮҡһ˵£ǿ˵
һǰһֱӾ߳ţҶʵ㲻ҪЩʲôŮӵ·Ʒʲôģ
⻰˵òҲͦĵģݺݵĵһۣûдֻĬĬǰߡ
һȴûзҶͷһֻҶЦվſأҧҧݺݵĶһͷŭСʨӡ
ҧҲûãҪǱߣǱߣѵҪƵһȦٻ𣿡
ҶһЦҡҡͷ̾˿һɸֵӣתһߵС·ȥ
սСȭͷһȳһյԶԶ׺ҶǺڰ쳣еĺ⣬ˡ
ûãҶȿҲֻ֮һЦúС¶æأͱ˵Щ¶ˡ
С·ϵ˲࣬ʵ̫ҡˣһСУÿһ·ǵļƣټ˫һĿⶤڿ걳ı飬˭˭࿴ۣЩ˿ſžײϻǽϣߵˮ棬ûˮ
˵Ŀһ㶼⣬֪ԼЩ⣬ⲻҪԱʵ˲ϰˣǸľˣѵ˻ΪССϵĿоԱǲܵ顣
ڣǲǸľˣǻҪʱͻ֤ʵ˵뷨͹ͣʦСʶĲأ
ҶͣҪͣȵģѾߵС·ľͷǰ涼ˮˡ
Ҷ˿γػˮȵʱͻȻ𲽳һһ˹ȥмվڻĴС˿ĵЦء
û뿪ȻֻǸһǽֻз𷨹ȴһ֪֪⻭ŮʩΪʲôҪԼ߻С
ͷˮҲҶںܶЦУƼѣʵоǳɵ߹̤壬ݺｻľ޴
һɲ򵥣Ϊػ¥𷻵Ҵ֮һΪεĻع˰ǺͷĴž޵˺ˣǳǧʷͬõĻݷѣ֮磡
ʲôĿ˶ӴֻҪǮУ˵һ㣬ĹҲòŶգȴ޷Ͷȡ
Ĺ˷̣Ǯûãù￴УȻֻһ˶ԣ˱ʵ˵Ŀˣ˵ҲҪһ¡
ǣĹȴûƹΪֻһŮˣû֪˶ֻ֪С
˵ֵˣ֪𷻽ʮžҲصһˣźǣĿ˶Ůˣڶֻ̰أûܹһ·ݣ˵һ׷ˣ
˶УԽǲ׵õŮˣԽǿõԽ֮;Ϊˣ£ǲǶá
˵İȵĻôʵҲЩЧ˼̻¶¶Щ³ˡ
544С
λС˼ûмĴǿһ治ɵļİ취ȴ޷⣬ȴβµİ취ȴû˸ҶֵģһλС˭õأ
Ҷ˻Ȼдӭ˹Ľɫʲôʱ򶼻Уֻʲͬˡ
ϵĴǿİСӣͺ𣬷ǳ˵Ǹ˵ĸоֲп룬Щŵĸо
ҶǵһطˣȻ֪ЩСӶǶʥˣΪƻΪ׬Ǯ͵
ɲҪСеĵط˵˵ػϵΣΣϵĴǶǧѡĽɫʲô˶ܹʤεģҲ˭ɾܸɵ˵ְҵ
ʶСҶ첽߹Ц˵Ҷ٣ˣ룬Сﻹأ
СǸˣʵòǺǹ崿Ķ̬ȴǺܵúˮСҶĻģϲŮӣźǣгƾǱܺŮӷϵҪѾⱲӶҪڼﵱˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷСӿԼСͷ˵ҵС࣬㰲ŸطϢһ£˳һ
ӹһĨЦ˵СúȻƵʱʲôͷӦ֮Ӧİɣ
һ֣оӿһӳ嶯ϽȥСӳ嶯ȻǳҶ뷨ԭ˺ˮСҶļ䡣
Ҷ߽˻ͿһСڵϷոմԼ߳СҪȥǸ崿СѾͷСĵֿţ㺹죬ʹǸʵؿڵСֹĵ
Сˣҿܡ
ſңҶ٣ң
ȥҶ٣ҶǸƨ
Ҷߵ˵ץס˵ͷݺݵһϥһײһ죬͹ļһһʮֹƵ˵ϣ³Ѫ۾ףˣ
Ҷóѩ׵˿Ĳ˲֣˿ʬϣÿһۣͽŻ˵С˻ɵ۵Ĵ˵ɶɣιιˡ
ҶҶ٣߰ɣСҵ˰ɫʮֵѿҲѹɫѿȻǱȲõͺˮ壬˰Ҳͱļ壬𷻹ȻǸҲǳ񣬵Ƿ飬ĳ˵ǷǳĲУΪƷ꼰Ҳ롣
Ҷİһ˵֪СʶǴӶǱǸ𣿲һȺСӰˣŵģүҾûеңҪеĻҵǻ濴ءߣСҲʥذɣ
ΪˮħҺˮСӣˮСҶݣڼвӣҲݲ裬ԺˮԸҪ˭ҶĶӣ͸ҰѶԷ壬ϵеļ壬ҶĵҲļƻ
ˮСҶǰڵ͵Զʵݣ֪˽ڵɽĳЩˣ˸޴ӵ֪ˮʣ֪˷ǳ٣
Ҫ˵һӾ˳˸ɫϽ˰ʬ̧ˣͬʱְܵŵĿǡ
545ºˮС
СǸŻˣֱҶһСƫһûлعأɪɪСɷףҶ̾˿Ҳû˵ʲôȥˡ
˲һӣһ߿ƫţһˣͷһ۾ʵ˭˭ɱҵĵܵܣС˸ӣ
СŵøǲˣǽﲻҶҶĿͷǸӸģˣʵҰְ֣
ȥģҹְֻأһҪһɱӸһѳìҶ˹ųì˸ĹâҶ֪һĹ̺ɲǺǿ
Ҷûܣֻ˵պˮҵĸǺˮȥɣҪɱĻϾܳ
ҶĻùӸĳìڵǰĵطͣŻǺݺݵĴȥ˭Ҫҵܵܳ
Ҷ̾˿ˮħȻĳǳìŵǰһһƴ˹ӸĿϣ۵һ죬Ӹͷ˳ȥײ˺ܺܶˣػ档
ӸŵЩҶǶŶ孵ʿŶ󵶳Ҷ˹ûһܵסҶһָͷ̫ˣǸҵү̫Զ
ҶѾʤʱɪǽǵСͻȻĿ¶⣬ͻȻϢĵҶһѪɫذ״ҶĺģҶ־һȭɣͬʱҲһѪײ˻ˮ֮ǰһɫ֮ºһư㿪
һɫ𣬸մӺˮѬʱɫ䣬˿ߵĿˣѹľ˵ʦնݳ
˵˵ͷóһСģ£ʱˮо͸СӰĿͣͫױ˰ɫ΢΢˵˵ͷֳˮС
ʦһǲ˵㣿ѬüʵĿһۣʱͰĻ˻ȥصʦЩηģ̫
ʦȴˣˡѬ˵ʹԼ³СˣСǰлʮɣͻȻȼ漴ͱ˷ɻҡ
ʱ˷ԼѾΧˣ߶Ǵźɫ½ˮα־ˣĿˣ۾գգһ£һ㡣
飬ҲҶǺˮˣǻĲͷˣɱڼߴһһ£˾˿籩ϮһԶЩ˿գȴߴĺ˺ѾƺһѾ̧־һȭ
ͷʱоԼһ˲鿪ǿʹ³һѪӰʧѪС
ߴĺ˶ĺ˷ԸȥǸ˵ļһ
˵գѾԶڼ⣬ԶԶ׺Ǹ˴ͷ֮󣬺ͷһ˱˰һɽɽ֮УﾹȻһټĹ
кܶķ䣬ͷһڵأߴԶĻһ˵һͨʱȻ³һѪĻϣίٲ
Ļ˷һĻǺһݵˣͻȻֵĺˣɫ䣺˭ôģ
һץסͷĸ첲ȫšϣ˵ɳʱûҪ˭Ǻˮ˶Ҷĺеߡ
546
һˮ֣ɫ͸ӵѿˣѵ˵Բǲ֪ǹˣǵȥģǲƴǡ
ˮС˿˺һЦģΪүɵأƾСҲǷǸۻΡ
ˮСϥײͰ˵ĹͷײˣﹶӲд
ʱѾɢȿԴͷһĶ˰ΧˣеﻹڽŰ͸ʲôģˮСһЦλһɫĳ磬ȺзɹһȦͣʱ򣬾ʣһ˻վɵ㶵Ŀ
ӽƸŻȥţ˵Ƕ孲ʲôʮȥЩյĶɣҪúõĻǣҲУҵǺˮħҲУ
ˮС˵꣬ǸΨһŵˣȻȥǸŵǸ꣬ݺݵĿ˺ˮСһۣתܵˣܳɣ첲͵һƤҲ˰ߣȻûиоۡ
Ļȥӵԭûһ
ˮСӰʧˣĲҽɽвͣĻ죬Ǻ߹С
Ҷ۾һӣӷǳϤͻȻⲻףС𣿸ǻﲥء
ĺһŽһ˲㱵ǸҵҹǾҪſ˵֮ǰһѽססСˡ
ʱ½ȹԼ·ȥһֻĴĹؼλѲòʱͺƱҵĹ٣˶
ܲõ֣ȻǺʵйϵҪ˫ٵ֣һź٣һ˫ܻΪʥ֣Ͳͣ˼žĿռУԽԽȻ󡣡
Ҷ˵ϺһڣֱڵûŻſ̱˯˹ȥ
ٴʱҶ߿տҲҲûвĺۼϢԼһΣеŮףСǸйһϦ֮ˡ
ͻȻЩǸΣҶͻȻǴΪԸˣǸʱȫ֪顣
ˣǸζѣҶ䣬֪ԼѾص˺ˮħߣԼķ䡣
С磬С硣
ź׵ıƿһССӰߵߵ˹ζ˱ǶһСССƯĴ۾ſС֣˵С籧С籧Թ
ССҶıãСϲճԭڼҵʱӰӣ뿪ʱ򣬾ݾ˵˺üء
ûˮħȻ翴ǸֲĵطʵҲǺһҲѣҲ
Ҷ˹ԹԣСѾͷС˵СףС׹ԹֻСѾͷû뵽СС֪˭ѧģȻ˴˲Żõķʽǡ
ҶͻȻͬСĸɵЩģϧСԹʵ̫СˣҪȻĻߺߡ
ҲݣʲôʱôأСѾͷŹˣҶͷԼһС
Թԣ˭İСŮǲģ֪𣿡ҶбҪСһ˼׾ʽռȥ˱˾Ͳˡ
547СԹ
ԹԽһЦһСԴ˵֪Ҳ㣬С磬ҸŶֻ׵أСѾͷ滨꣬ȻôСȴѾԿ֮ľ次
ҶǸϽǸ뵽ľǸͲǹԹԣǹԹԵ裬ľ裬һʮСˣͻСء
뵽ˣҶоһʹ׼ȷ˵ʹĲǺˮСҶ
ˮСҶ豾÷С޲£ұ˴˻ǳкøУԺ󳤴˳ɻһأϧȴòʮʱͼ޸˲صľ˾˳ϲ
ˮСҶһУҲΪ޷Ե뿪ңҪȻĻһЩȥ
ںˮСҶĸ飬˲ֻ֪ΪСӵ꣬û뵽ʵˮСҶűĸ飬ҲûϸȥҲȥ
ӣľѳۣʲôˣαػͽأ
Ҷа̾һЦСˮ۵Сһ£ʵԹΪʲôֻСأȴ룬޸˾˾ˣڵĺӣҲйԹô˰ɣ
뷨ǲȥЩ̫Σˣֺγأ
鷢չڵֵز뺦˺ĻˮСҶ뷨ҿҶǸС˲ûʲôУ׾Ͱӳ嶯Ȼѹȥ
ΪŶΪԹԳԺҪСﰡ׶ԵãСԹ벻Լ⻰ִ̼ҶеǸдʶȻһЩ۾Щ죬иոѹȥķͷһ˲ӿҶûа취ԼƽϢ
СԹԣǲǺΪСﰡҶԼڶ֪Լ΢ЦǶôĲãǶôа
ǰϧԹԺСŶ³ܲסءԹԺСҶͷһӣεе뷨ܷȴҲûСѾͷ˵Ļ˷
Ҳһ˲ĸоҶӻͳҩ裬Ц˵ԹԣֻҪҩ׳һţԼһţܱܿŮˣŮ𣿡
밡밡С磬ҩҰɣԹȥҩ裬Ҷȴһ£˵ҪǵǸ˵ܣ˭˵𣿷ĻͻԶˣ
ˣˣһ˭˵ءԹżæŵİҩ˹ϲĿֿСķԼС棬Ҷ͵ǰ͵ǵ˼ڣһףȻȲҪȥ
ҶɫѾСԹԻȥˣǸıʱͷֿЦС˶ǷһĨޱа΢Ц
ҶԹӶڴһˮҵˮħķͨӰСԹ顣
գһҶıѪڳԭСԹλСϴء
ֻϴĻҲҶؼСԹС˵ȼ䣬Ĺ۲ĸ׺Լʲôͬأ
Ҷ߻ħ޷ȥϴһĻЩȲҪҸŮйк
ʱСԹѾɹѾһʵ״̬СѾͷԼҲЩԺˡ
548֮
Ҷķ䣬˶ںĴ˯齣֣֮ǵָ˵֬ؿʱͻȻ俴һӡǣһŮŻеӡǣ
ҶͻȻ˹Ĩһ亹պգȵռ¶ҲʺˮСҶǵдʶ롣
ҶȽˮСҶʶȫɢʱˣȻôժϵǡ
ʵҲûʲôԥģֻ˲һӵ˼ʱ䣬ҶͶ֣һ֮ѾɹĽǲɵˣͬʱҲһʵСԹԿ϶ĺӣΪǸ֮ءźǣѾˡ
ȻԹԲĺӣǵ˭ĺأ
ˮСҶľ˾뺮һֱԲڴ˵˵ĻҶǿԺܴ󣬿ɼȻ˵ΪʲôҪװһŮأ
ŹԹԵͣٿҶԺзãͻȻһԴ֪Թ˭ĺˣ
뷨Щ£亹һ˲䶼Ҳǳ˷ܣΪ뷨ܱ֤ʵĻļƻǳ
ҶĵİһжָԭǶʧ˵֮ˣصԼķ䣬ĬĬһǬתɱȴûиûŰԵ浫ַǳĹ
ҶЩǣֻܱݺݵѹţֻܰתɶڲЩ˵ʱ
Ҷողǣ뵽ѩҹϵϵǣҶЩȻʮľѡ
ʵҵ֮ĻҲܹΪ;磬֮ǳڷѾʮֲҵ
γҹҶ鸮У΢΢һ٣˵ںˮħߣҪҵ֮ǺѣΪﱾֱصֻͨҪҵĻ֮㶼òҿ԰Ҫעطһˮħһء
ҶпЦӣΪˣˮħÿĵطˮħͽأˮħֻгϼ˲ܿͽ룬ȴֻ˲ܽ룬ƾңҪѱȵ죬ͱ˵ˣɱ״ҵһ֡
Цû֦Ҳıͷǳˣ˿̴ã֮
ҶĵҸղŻһӵĻأֲܰȥⲻڿӺ
ҾҪӺ㣬˭Ӷ߰뷨ˡ˵ŻԼ·һ˵ȥҶӶҪˡ
λǺҶѴֻǲһСϢȥˣҶĵһ·ȥ˺һȴһ˯ⶼǷֻëԡȥɽȪ
ҶסŵĵطǺˮħ߿ɽĵطҲûеλ˲ŻסĵطˮСҶסȴҪͼ徻ͬʱҲĸķĹܽȥݼ
Ҷ߳˸߸ߵΧǽ͵˺ɽּС·˲ԶһСɽȣȪСɽȵشܶǹʯ᾵ļɽïʢĲľ֮ͨС
ȪԶʱҶȪǱߴϷˮŮӦǺŮӣ˵Ů˭أ
ǺˮСҶĻһѡܶԶ֮ΪԡĺܿĽʲôģڵĺˮСҶѾĺˮСҶҶñһӻأĺ¶̲ס˹ȥĵſһ߸ߵļɽ͵ûԡķ⡣
549Ѫ
Ҷޱȶ˵ķ羰öĴС˻СȪϷද˵Цҡ壬ɽĻص
һЩϤף涼ǺˮСҶĽԼù֮ˣҶ̼ʮִеĻԽʢˣȴҲطйȥ
ͻȻҶסˣȻЩ˵󶼴һСβ͡ԣеĺüβأë׵ģèβ͡
⻹㣬ǵβ͸£Ȼ鵤ҩӡǣеһ֣е˾ȻֶУ޴ķ֣ҶĶòɸˣ
ĻҶָܹƽģͿϽĶβһѩëǣȻһèˮлϷ
֣ҶӿԺĵһ뷨
ǲֻ֣Ϊ̫޵Ѫˣûв´Ļˮʼ棬˵ŮǸһŮӣΪû磬ûг׵޵Ѫĺǰ˰ޡȻŴֻŮӲӣԾǰһĻˡ
ÿÿҶʱ򣬾ͻ⣬Ҷʱ֪ʱ־ǻŵİٿȫ飬ȻʱǸɰ˵С
ллӣĻشôļʱֱǷҵĸ¶ϧĸ¶ȴ޷õҶĻЩζκ˵ܻϰˣȻ֪ʲô˼
ʵ˼ҲǿԵİֻҪҽЩС˵壬ǵܷ¶Ľ붼ô̼أ㲻úǳĴ̼𣿡
ƺΪǿ̼ʻҪԣԼ·ѷѵģսҶѾǳ񾭣
ʱǱߵѾʼˣϵëѸٵı٣˵ϽʱǴϲ֮ʱ
˵ĹѾҶһ̷˹ȥҶðһۺȪУԡĴСǶε˺ˮ
ҶѾѹ鸮Ľ棬ʧȥ˶ĿȨοźˮСҶ壬ɿĲժһɵ䣬֮񣬰ѿȨƽҶȥЩ֮ˡ
ҶһȺĴСˣˮȾˣǸ֪صŪô˺أҪʰо֣ʵǲС
ûа취ҶֻܿЦԼĹһĽǵ嶼ָԭ֮Ѿûˣǿ϶ǲܺԭһģ֮Ѿᣬ޲ĵطǴӲŻӵеĻ֮Ҳǵ
ҶæֽЩ飬Ͻ֮ززҪ˷ЩĻǧвŹ֣
ҶصԼķ֮ǿ԰Щ֮ǣ鵤ҩЩԪ֮Ƚ϶࣬ѹλôĲժأεջ̫ˣջҲһС
Ҷ붨ˣ붨ǳĳףʱտҲһ붨еӡûУ棬Ѿǰˣ˸˸ǷãһԼľ硣
֪һһҶϲķ֣ԼȻʮĵֱӽ˵ʮľ磬鸮ѾȻһ£ֱƺûʲôɵ飬ûʲôܹ赲Լ
550ҹ
ǿտյģֳ޷˵У³һǿȻŪһУһжҶϵ·ȫʧʧˣտҲҶڵϣʽŶӹЦ
ֱ洫ŵҶŰΨһûбнߵĽָóһ·ɿĴã˷š
СүүȥһšϹܼվſڣҶ˵񣬲ûʲô˼طģֻ󵱼ҼĸԼЩǲˣˮСҶʱǵ𣬽ǲ𣬿Ҳûв
룬ϣϹܼҵ̬Ѿŵùˣ
Ҷĵͷ֪ˣȥϴһ¡˵Ůķ¿ʼϴ
ϴ֮ҶϹܼҵڿȥһ·˶û˵һǲ˵Ǹûʲô˵
Ĭһ·ڵڿԺҺˮլӣ䱸ɭϣһ岽һڣеڱǺɫףͬһٳ˸ıʮֵɱѹ֡
ϹܼûߣҶԼ߽ȺɫĴţ֮ҶѾΥĹӲӵĴȴۻ룺
⿴ֵĻĳĴҶǰȻƿţһ˵Сүүߡ
ҶЩɻ󣬲׺ˮԼʲô飬Լļƻɹ˰ɣ֮ԻǸ孵ϲ˵ػУʵΪ˻صˮħߣڿߣЩѾʵˣһʵֵ˵Ѹ١
ϲ̫̫࣬ҶЩ̫̤ʵ
һʱ򣬺ˮԷһĲˣҲǺˮȴҶ˶Ǽ佨ɽĴҶ֪˺Ŀˡ
ˮСҶǰͺˮһԼҳĻᶼ٣μйϯûлᣬֻ˵ˣ벻쾹ȻμϯеĲ̤ʵоǿ
Ȼƿ֮ҶͿ˴Բ˿ˣһ붼ʶʶЩˣӿκˣ𣬳ϼףºѩ
ϯϳˣкˮͷˮ࣬ˮɫˮԼͷؽܳΪ̳˵ĺˮʣˮۣˮ
ˮȡֵķʽЩѪƣȻˮĸţһЩǻʵʲôģѪȴǹĲ
ҶºѩߣһˣƲǿŮ飬ǵ˽вƲƵģзǳڻһҲֻѡ̣ǡ
ҶϣķչֳǵĵزĻһмƻ
ף󲮸ҶԼҳʩʺ˶ĵ˵ͷֵܶһۣɫ졣
ˮǵ˵СҶ°ɡûнЩˣҲûаѶӽܸЩˡ
ҶԼҸˮ£ǶõһˣҲֻǲ۸ѣûʲô˵ֻ໥˵ͷ
Ϸǳİ˶ڰĵĳԷºѩߵˣڵĸǼŲˣƺ̵ܱĸоǵĿⲻײЦȻ˲ٺˮͺˮ۵Ŀ⡣
551ڧ
Լİ˺ͱüȥЦչ֣Ҷ˿̵飬֪
ҶûбֳԼĲʹ죬ȻѾѡ·ǾֻܼȥˣɣΪ˴˵ҸֻС˵Ҹ˭أ
ҶľȻĳŶֲ̫Ϊŷϵվ㲻ôĹ죬ҲҪʱ̵Լ°ӣڲĲпԣȷѪöٰ
Ҷô鸴ӵĳŷ۾һֱŷȥ̧ܴ̼ͷҲõºѩЦ̵ӣͷĽʶԲζ
СҶ˵ˣЩ𣿡ˮħߴ󵱼ҺˮͻȻ˵ͣһҶºѩߵ˶һҪսӣһ˲ֵƣǳǿ
ǳǿǶôǿҶһ˲ͷųƱȺˮֵܵҪǿ˲ֹһȻδܱȵϺˮͷѾǳ𾪡
˭Ȼôǿƣǿźˮͷûһη֮⡣
㲻óԴˣԴҲûã˵ݷǳ⣬ûпĻСߵǴħǸСߵǿ޼ţǶܺͺˮħһϳ̹ɵļ̳ˣǵʵѾǱǿڸ޷ȣ
̾˿˵ңӣȻѾӣ߱ͺܶŮˣʧȥټҲǺ顣Ů˱Ҫһʸܹȥïʢ
ҶûнĻЦŶԺˮ󲮣û¶ֻһС˶ѣл󲮹ġ
ˮһ˵СҶһʿܰ˵ûʲôۿ͵մȣȥа
ҶӺˮĻ棬һЩ˼ǰܺˮڲжìܣᵱ˵ֳںˮȴˮСҶ˵һ⣺ˮڲһЩ仯
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Ҷ߽˾ͶԳЦͿ޼ŶһһۣڶҹʹֶвĳЩ˵ޣΪ̫֮ˣҲ˵ǣͷҲΪ˿˵ڶƣѩѩ׵СѾϼš
һ뵽ǵСѾģںˮĦһʯûֹĶֿĸоǳǿҡ
ϴ·أѩѩգҰϴ·ҶЦЬ߽ˮУӰ˴·
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·ϴһ磬صסʱҶԼΣˣһׯϵľŮѾżŮһ̾ͽץסȥ·
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տյ͵أ֮ʲôûУֻһѪɫĴ졣
ҶҰ³Ӱ֮󣬿ĵһĻ龰𺳣˿龰ĸ顣
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Ҷ룬Ȼһ˲ͽĸ룬ַɿûУʱѾԶڰ֮һǰ档
ҶͨӰˮȥʵЩˣһǴĸǶ˵ĵˡ
СҶĽǶ˵ˮûѹҶĽǶ˵ˮĳˣ˶˺ˮħߵˮǺˮħߵδˡ
ҶѾ̶ˮУҪݺݵĽҪˮɻˮҪ̶ˮﶼѪƯ֣
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Ҷڴ֮УͻȻԼǰɽεӣʱͻһҩԣȻЩǹ÷ǳ֡
ҶҲǿ֣ֵܣȱһЩʲôЩȻʧĸо
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Ҷҷʡһ̾һһݣ߹ȥСŵԼָλɭ֮еľ޴С
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εͻȻҶһ˳ԺУЦȻ㲻ÿңҲǸող뵽ЩǰûעЩ߰顣
Щˣϻı־ôᡣɣôҶ˵ıʶһһأҶЩɵˣ̫ˣԴһƬҡ
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ˣҶҶ϶˺ӣֻҪǲ֪ϸˣһΪǸװ׵Сƻ
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ҶܿԼεķʡľͿʼ۸˼˻ԵСˣ͵ĳû٣ûһоƷĵӳ̶ȣɴ˿ɼһСߡ
һʹʱҶȴеĵͽˣȴĲ
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ҶúЩѣ˵ˮСҶʶǲа湻ԵģһΣ˾ŲƵ˴ͷһ־
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ҶȴûʲôرĸܣֻǾԽԽĽЩģһӣ͸ӽ˲ԶǸ棬Լںˣ
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СƤͻȻ俪ɫҺ壬ѪҺɣѺˮȾñɫСˮУˮͿʼͣķֱһ֮󣬺Űָ峺
ҶΪͷС˳ˣϧˣ˵ۿͱˣƨѵǴ˵е
ҶȴˣҪֵĻôܷЩ顣
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ҶģҪߣͻȻ俴Աߵз紵һ޷˵ϢƮ˹Ȼıӡ
Ҷ˿ĭ߽ȥһֲֵֲûҶֻ֦֦ͷϿСһֲһӲӵĹӡ
Ҷ־ժöӣҪԣͻȻһգһ˫СַɿİǿŹ˷ཱུСһСһͦһ״ͻʧǹѾ֪ʲôʱܹСѾͷ̵ˣ
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СѾͷˣڲݵ۴СһֵָͷָҶĿĶУ˼˵һСԣҲ˼
ҶŮ˿ˣǸСССŮˣҲԴۣϽЦ˵˺ˣˣֲҸ㵹ˡ
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СѾͷӴĿǿͺСϪ㲻ͣʵˮ̫ĥҶȽϲ̫ʵˣεֻõǸ˺ˣҵĴ⻹аˣˣֻҪ㲻ޣҾ͸óԵĶ
硱һСѾͷɲһͣס˿涵Ĵ۾ֱ۰Ͱ͵ĶҶٴѩ׷۵С֣ĳϣ׼ơ
Ҷ̾˿ҡҡͷεĴԼĽָóһЩóԺĶСѾͷһʱ۾յɫСûǸ۾ɫͷСޣƳ˻ʮа˾Ǹűء
ವһӣҶϵĶûˣСѾͷһԼ͵ԭֵСӣһȥˣСȴûйЩԵˣ
СѾͷ۰ͰĶҶС֣ϣڴҪͿҶĳˣҡһͷ۵һ죬𵴣͵ͣ˺һ
ˣС̣ˣ㣡ҶԼ˿ǣСɷ׵ĸСѾͷһѶͬʱסСֹ̣֪ǲָһء
ҶһУſ֣ԼǸСӡٿСѾͷĲӣƱ׼Ҷ۲ӶԼԺҪôСһŵĻһƬڰ
ҶವһСѾͷһŲƣûӰˣ
СѾͷһգˮĴ۾￴˿˱СҪޣͻȻᣬСһЦ¶һڴѪСವһӣҲûӰˣ
Ҷ˵زشϿȵĸһ̾κһ˶޵еİκεﶼһҶĳҲпǡѾ˿ǣүҺΣ
û˵꣬;òһأһֺֻޱȿɰС쵽ǰ̯ĳϣǳ׼ơ
568С
ҶܣǺָܿСѾͷ׷ϣʮԺһʵСĿǣһ㶼㲻˵Ŀǡ
ֶϲСֵҶһ취ûУֻóһС޺üôһȻСɵˣ̲С֣Ҷʮּҡҡͷָָһ
СѾͷһһᣬûС֣ǾǸСβͣžߡ
Ҷŷ֣СӻһűͬʱűĿ´ڣҿһˣҪȻû׼ΪĶء
ʲô֣ҶҡͷεԴСӣмаζ
Ҷĳ˿ɲһˣԲᱻĴԻ֪ÿһŴ׵ıǲһʮֲĻˡ
ҾͽСˣôҶĳеĶȤζ̧ͷƣС˲̫̫ͷ
Сһ£ҡҡͷ̫Ҷԥʮּ˵ˣ㲻˵ĬϣСҿԣ븶ҷͷʲôģҰɲСޣûУǿҲ㣬ŻˣӿɲǸŴģ
ǵɣǿĻǿҶһǿСѾͷѡʾ
ûа취СѾͷȻֵǳĸߣֵҲͣᾭ㣬ڻɽҰУȷʵҪúõϵƵĻţԼҲ϶
СҲǳһ㣬Żʾоúܺÿһһܹú죬Կ
ò˵ִڶﱾܵĸоǳľ׼СûҶȷʵǸǳȤˡ
Сʶ飬ҵһֻǰ;ƽǱɣǷܹ׬磬ǾҪֵʱˡ
ҶСѾˣûٺϾ̧ͷһµΣֲ֪Ѿ˵زشϿش
زشϿڡμǡмأ˵ǵزĵط˵ô˵Ҷȴǵǰڻĵ۹ʱǰĳʱû˵زһ˵ֻǡҲ˭ĺΰԣãã˿ڣ֪Ϲ˵֪ʵȴֻ
ɣעֻ˵ΰ˲ŲôĶ࣬Ҫΰ˱ضǣôӹ˻ͳİײˣҲϡΪ
ģﵹиأǲǲ֮ͨţ˵زģ˱ڴˣɾбĻܸ͸˹ٹôҲֲǰ
ҶתͷһڿŽӵСС̾ͷǳϵСԴʮţʵûע˵ʲôעǽء
СǰˣǵһγԵôζʳᰮʳıԣһóԵģԼˣ˵Ҷˡ
ҶҲûָСܸԼ˵ɶʲô˵ͻԣƺԾȫֵ壬ɣÿ˵ļֵ۶ͬ˼СصļֵۺҲ˵ǸֻǱȽ϶ذˡ
569߹
ٳجΣҲһ죬ҶĺľʱͻȻԼˣȻ
̫ۣҶϽ۾ǰһƬѤõĺ⣬۾һſ֣𺳵ķ֣Լվһ¥Ķˣͷ̿ϴģһޱȷĶС
̫ϤˣϵĽƵ㣬ˣ
ҶԼޱȼ飬ʹ۾šԼ£ⲻΣʵ顣
ʲôط
塣
㿴ǿǺǷ

Ҷתͷ˾ͽϧƱƺͻԼ˶վԶ棬ȻЦ滨꣡
ҶͻȻһʫʫһǡڻЦڶǡһӳ족
ʢȴʲôһ԰زӣ
ҪΪӣСӵʵˮӣԭأֻСӵӣһƷ֣ǿȴӵѤú
һѤãһк졣
ҶԴӵĵȻϲ˵һΪԼأԭǣ̫ˣϹ
ŮϹ˼Щ˽ģ˹ĸǳӵǣϢǵĳǺжʱûһˣʵĻš
Ҳİ죬ǿԴҰս㳵ɹ̨ͬǿûô컯֮Ǭ֮кҲǷӣҶǿɲǷӡ
Է˽һЩ飬ǶĿɿڴҶѽָļ˶Ū˳ͻһºѩǣϲòУʱҶĳֶ˺üŮ˵ʵ
ҶֵУŽﾰʱͻȻ
ιǲ֪οֹĵط𣿡ô༫ƷС椣٣еˣ
裡
Ҷһ䣬мĿż竣Űװģˣ˵ǽƵ꣬ƨҲҫ
ȥģӵĵ̡㡣
˵ľһֱNɇNɲͣСڿһ̣ʱɫһ䣬Ļǳη塣
⻹㣬Ȼֿ¶ʱ;ҪͰ͵˵ã裡
¶ոպſһͨ۾ţŮʰһ˲ͱŷ˳㳿ô¶ҵľƵʲôʱģЩʲôˣôţ
ǸŮأϲˡǸٵĿ¶а⣬¶ޱ˵ӿ
ҶЦһ̧ͷϢķ˹ȥࣵһ죬Ǹ˾ͱһƷɳԱߵļڶûлѣȫҲ˷ɳ競ɵˣ¶㳿ŵ̱Сʧ
̫ˣ˭뵽ֻڴ˵к鹹ĹвŻῴĳͻķԼǰأ
ּ̧ͰѺü˶˻һңʲôħЩȻһҲϾֻǳˣڷĻжĿȾΪֳˣûа취ͽֲֿʵ
570Ű
ҶⲽǼ竵ǰ˼ۣоʲôطǼɪҲ죬ͻȻи˾ҶҶ
Ҷͣס˽ŲˣüͷʵûҾҶŶڷֹԣǻˮģ㲻Ƿѵ㻹и˫ֵ̥ܣ
ˮվͻȻӲҶ֪ΪʲôӲΪ˸ղ͵͵ֻһţΪû˿ʵҶʲôݶ֪֮ûΪҪʲôκ
оǣҶѾʶĵ۹Ѿ˺ܴı仯˵Ƶ궼ˣǸӣ飬ԲֻһҶץס˻ˮͷͷһˮʱԴһƬհףߵʹûлᷢ
ҶͻȻſһͰ˶˽Դײϼɽˡְʣµļ˶һ֮󣬾һ㳿ɪɪСɷ׵ĹԼʺ￴
Ůζãȥ˴棬ôĸڣǵĵ׳ʲôǻ
ҶҲǵİΣиǼڣֻҪ˳Ľɫһ㶼û⣬Ҿ˳ĽɫҲһܹް
Ҷֽ㳿ŪHﻯ΢紵ߣƲ֪ǸֱС̯ϣ´̼ˮҲ¸˳Ի˶ӣĳ˲޶Ȥζ
Ҷ˸ǷӽָóһƵķҲʥѩѣһƻȼһڣޱȶ˵㳿˶ĸоŵĸоһɨգĻþѾƮƮɡ
Ҷ˵仰ģǳ˼ѩ֮ͻȻоûҪǾϸһ£СӾͱƵĿܡ
֮ڵҶѾҪʹʲôܵܿˣĵ۹ˣǳҪǾһɼ򵥣ʲôҪֻҪܡ
ҶˣʣµЩεҲ編һ߸ɾˣŴ¥Ļ԰¥¶ĺ
㳿ոյõõĿȨ벻ͳ飬ô仯޳˵Сڴ󸻿£⻰治˵˵ģҪûǸûлǸ£ǿõ˵ĶҲʧȥ
Сô죿¶ϰԵǸܶǿƵŮǿˣڷ־ԸѾ˲Сĸı䣬ĸıڶҶǳǿҪǲ˵Щʲôͷر̤ʵ
һߣĸĵ̾һȻûҲûȥ룬ǾͿĸ׿Ҷ񣬻Ҷ֮便ǵʲôһ̶ֳȵĹϵ
ȻǾЩŤѾ覹˼ЩˣЩ⣬ǵȵ˾֮ٴɣڵĵǸүүǶôˣ
ϹЩϣ֪һЩʲôϢͷǳĲΪҶʮֵأͨзǳõ鷢ˡ
Ҷ̾˿һ»ֱ˵ƣԺҾҪˣүӻְǣѾȥˡǣʧˣ
һ⻰޹㶼ιȥҿҶ׼ǵӶסȹȥ˼ǲſı
571ʧ
պºѩǸϽǰοȻ̫׷ʲô¶Ҳ˺һֱǿˣ˯ȥ
ŮҲˣҲûҶ¶ҷϢȥˣҶԼߵ˾Ƶ棬Ѿͨ㳿;Ƶ˴кûţ̨СϽ绰Ѿˣܵ˼úõдҶ
ȴҶȴʩʩȻ߳˾Ƶֻ꣬ԸЩֵ̿ľЩ͵㡣
˵꣬Ҳᾭ̬ȣ߳תţһ⳵ɽȥ
⳵ֻҶһ·̣ҶôǼŪǮʣȼһѩѳϣߵԱߵС˼һʧټ
ɽɽǻǸСԺɴڣԭǸƷչվ
չվĵţҶ˽ȥǽĴǹವһӴ˳һ¶ɭɭһŭ𣬺СԺĳţҲ˶С¥ˡ
С¥űײܺǹഩŶ̿㳤Űӵ˴˳Ǽֺú
úɱڵģһҶʱ۾ӵļһ˹Ҷ໵Ŀγϣذ
Ҷͷǿ޵ģҲģЩˮִƴӿȴǸӲıסˣջûʳ
磬ɻˣҪٲ缸ûл·ˣĨһѱ飬һƺӿ˼ҳĻҶ
Ҷ񿴵Ĳһ˵ٶңӣǶû¶ͺá
˶۾ͷ˵ʲôȴ˵ҶЦ˵ǲ˵Ҷ֪ʲô¶ǰҲڼңС֮ϴҲνˣһˣﻹŵأܵίһӱֳûгԷɣߣҴȥԡ
˵ҵĳҵĳȥɣȥʲôطԷ
ȥ۹ƵɣһˣҪ֪֪УһǰԶҲϣˣ𣿡
ˣˣڻҽԺأȱҲǡӶǺϤ˴Ҳò˵Щѹ֡
Ҷ̾˿˵ǾȥҽԺɣȥǡû׼ԼܹǸκҲ˵ǲ°ºҹһôˡ
磬Ҳʧˡ
֪
Ҷӵļ̾˿Ц˵ˣҪ˵ЩˣȥҽԺͻȱͷȥ۹Ƶúõĳһ٣ܶ࣬Ҫİ죬ҪżԼ˲
ҶĻ˶һ񣬷Ķּգż˾۹Ƶ걼ȥ
ҹĽ壬һķ貣Щȹˮ۵ĴȣܹĵǱصܹĽЩƵȹ༸Ȼ󡣡
룬ģȵģֳ嶯ǻﵴس
ҶĹüүǶŮ˼˼ҶǶ۵ģһ۹Ƶ극úõĸҸطйк𣬱ʱ̫û赼Ļ׸ëΪ磬һҪΪԼСܽ룡
ͻȻ䣬һɲѳ·ߣæ˵һ磬е˽Ҫ졣˵³ӺóһϣһԵľưȥ
572¾ưǹս
ҶȻԼСһСҲ˽ȥԼһ߽ѾһŵľưɣǼм令һŮӣһﴩŰװΧŹ
ЩװսǿӴȻֶҲпסƣ·硣
Ҷûж֣ڵı»ҪⲫĻǶǸˣֻǸնЩԼСϣ̾Ͷò໽ź˼ƵģܿͰѾŤת˹
ҶҸ㿴ֵĵط£ҪһڵĺںţͻȻ˴һ¡
ҶŤͷ˿ֻһŮСȭͷţޱԹĿߣվŮӡ
Ҷһ£˵Ůͷŭ˵ôˣǲǳԸĨͲˣҲװûĴ۾ͻȻʪˣɵˮڵסǷݺڰ׷峺
ͩҺûʲôɣԹ飬ͺҶʲô޲ƵģҪǸСοˣء
ҶļܺãȻʶŮͺռйŮһӡ̵ЩǣҲ᲻ʶ
ͩ۾ˣſ˵㻹ǵһûӰôʱ䣬ĲУ󶼺üˡ
Ҷһ㶣ǵóҲʧ˵ģô᣿ˣϢȻֻۣҪţһж⡣
СʲôطҶȻУǱֵʮֵĳȣ̫飬ͲǰǸˡ
ʲôطҽԺһֱʳֻܿӪά֣ݵľʣһѹͷ
ͩ˵˵ţͿŮ޺޵ĵҶһۣСȰοſŮ
Ҷͷζޣ滹޲˵ʵȻǱȽϲǸŮϲŮôܹ࣬ϵŮû˼⣬ԴŮ˿϶ǶҪ࣬Ǹûа취飬ˣ񣬸ǰ
ٶͿǹˣģϮ
ǱߴŵĺҶ̧ۿȥֻһԱžݺݵ˫ֵķϳȥҶʶһˣȻһԶûС
ҶĵһָȥľͻȻݺݵԵһͷϣһӾͼѪǸ˸ղŻһϣھֻʣǱʹ㵣ͷķˣҴң㣡
Ϯӱ㡣ħһĴͳǹ˵ԴǺüǹʱѪԽ׷ɣõһͷ̼ͱӡ
ʱǸԵļҲͳǹһ䣬ͬʱľԱҲĽϮͳǹǼһ䡣
˫չ˷ǹսưĿ˶ҿ˲ǷǳĶ࣬Ŀռܴ˵صĵطҲ࣬м˵ģû̫ܵ˺û޹
ǹսһֱӵľԱ侯Χ˾ư֮󣬲Ϣģ˫Ѿ˵۹ٷֵļ¼
Ҷ֮ǰѾȻȥ˿ѾҽԺκǻȱȻһҽԺ棬ңڵ֪㲻һɺϡ
ȿ˭أҶȴ˳εķţ˽ȥ
573
εķһŮŮ֣˵ʲôûע⵽Ѿһˡ
ֱҶߵ˴£ŮӲŻعͷһźûô֮ǰĳһģһ˼
Ҷǵڶμ˼һμʱĻϣǴ̿ͣɽ̩ɽɽˣǴδɱҶȵ𣬿ϧ̿͵Ҷ
˼ʶҶûɻǵһĽֹһִҴȥӣҶʶȴʶ
˭˼۾Щ죬ȻǸոտ޹
ҶݵĲӣŶľղӺֱۣĸСһϢ˹ȥ
˭㡣˼Ҫ˵ȴҶһ۰ѻͷѹסˣͻȻһӺ⣬Щ񻰵ˡ
ʱͩǼһŮСָųΣŴ۾ͣһ˹ģ˳ǵĿ⿴ȥ˼ҲȵòУԭһգ۵Ĺ򣬳εļѾˮ۷¶ܹĵطָԭĶˣй֮޲Σ
Ҷֻһ£Ůǵ鶼ָƽΪҶѾ޸ǵļ䣬飬ͳһѰ顣
۾ҶͿ˵˺ܶĻҶһ䶼û壬Ȼ˯ˣ˯Ĵ
Ҷɺãһڣ߳˷䣬Ѿ֪ȴ֪ʵݵ˼˵СεܿͻˣԺԺסҵļ
ļ˼ʮĿ֪ʲôˣûԼùҸûУԼôߣٲô͸ߡ
ζҶ⣬˼ѾˣҪݸ飬˵ȥҪΪˣҲŪӰ
Ҷ֪ʲô˼˵ʱסڽƵ꣬ǵ۹Ƶ꣬ص֮֮ӵһŮܹӵеһУһˡ
ҵŮ˺֪ܶ࣬Ҷ˵֮󣬿ЩŹҪŭ˼˵εķϣҷȰһ䣬ǸϽͼֿɣ»˼ˣ̩ɽùҲѾԶǵѣĴûɣһ֤ʵһеģߡ
ҶżСȥ˸ڵķ䣬˲ãʹŶ뿪˲ʱ˼ͩǻڳεĲҶղ˵Щǣˡ
ճҽԺã˽Ƶͻһӳ˹˹ոѹĻȱȥԼã˵û˯ʱ뷨Ȼ֪û¶Ҳͷˡ
ǣЩڻ䲻ء
ҶѾڸƵʱ򣬽ԺеһжƵԼԴҲȥһ磬ǲǷ죬ͳһȥһΪĵطûҶͷȥ뿪һ˴Ǹ죬˵ļжطӡֻȥʱ䳤̲ͬȥʱ̣Զûע⵽뿪Ҷ
ǶֻǵûмκˣһԹһĵطﲻͣתƣͲ֪ôˣȴһԹһҶȴ׵ĴǸΣǾ˹
574۾
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˸ҵĲҵΪƵһֱ޹ھӪұûв֣Ҳ֣һ⣬һҵ᧿Σ
ǽҹҲͬҹҵĲҵǶǶ꾭Ӫģٹ̣˲Ŷǲ˵ڲĹ˸ûл֣ҹҵļ˶¶ҵҲɿת
һܵĹƣһҵʱԶһ쵼˸ã
ΪҹҲ˼Ҳ⣬ҹҵĲҵûзֱʡ
Ҷڵ۹Ƶʱ򣬾Ƶľһʱ͵˷ԱŵĹ֮УһƿƵͬʱЩĽʵҶ֪С𣿡
˵ʵЩͶҽˣҹѾұ˵۹ܹҵĵطûҵȻʧٵĲֻһҶˣҹҵֱϵ˵Ҳ壬ȻҪѯһǸ䣬һ򣬾һʵǻһֽʵģû뵽ҪҶõʲôõϢʱѾʧýľˣ
ŶɣҶ˵ˣΪˣȻҪصĳ
λʱһ㶣ʱҶЦ˵岻õˣѾһˣƵϢأ͹Ȼؼҡ
ɵˣȻʧ̬סҶĸ첲㣬˵𣿱ˣ
Ҷ۾ˣʱΪɶ˵ǳˣ˼Ĺİװģ˫۾ɳӡ
ģҪżĻҲھ͡
ҶĻû˵꣬ҡҡͷúõϢɣھȥ׼ϲԵĶúõСѾͷУҵøүӴ绰ȥ
λ弱ˣкû򣬲Ҳû˻˭мʱ֮
˵ˣʵ֮ҲҶʸ񣬿ھ㲻˼ΪԼϱٰԵȥˣΪҲҪֳ㹻𾴣ʸ޹أ˵ԭ⡣
Ҷ˵⣬ǲǻһ磿һֱĬĬŲͻȻôһ䡣
ҶһʹӷǶûȥ磬ҪԼ˵ʲôĻʮֵĿֻţҡҡͷ˵ֻһ磬ǿкܶΡ
⻰˵ЩԿЦҡͷû˵ʵҶֻڵˡ
ɣϵģӵеʱǲ̫ϧʧȥ˵ʱ򣬲ŷʧȥĶ쳣󣬿ϧƫƫˡ
һҩҩĻôҩһƷ֣źǣҩûй
Ҷ˵ʲôοһǣзԱÿ˷ţҶĶ˵һ仰ɫһ䣬˴кûǸţԼǸԱˣһͷˮ֪ʲô飡
ҶŷԱ˵۹Ƶĵͣһ򳵵ԱߣȻȻȥ
򳵵ĳŴ򿪣һ۾˴˳ţ˵ϳɣҴȥһط
ҶĬĬ˳ĵһͷʻ˵ͣӵ۹ƵĺǱȥ
575
Ҷһ·϶û˵۾ҲһֱųĬ˳ǱһũСԺʱͣ˳Ҷ߽Ժӡ
СԺ󣬵ʰúܸɾŵƣиӰƹͶŴĴϣҡţﱧһСޡ
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ͻȻֲܿˣ̺ӣҶͷ̾˿ΪĺӰɣʵȴǡ
ȥɣԺչˣһҪˡ۾˵꣬ͷҲصߵˣҶվ﷢˺һĴԥһ߽˷С
ȻҶǰףСûһ⣬ֻԼ½ԷЩɼСֺԴһֻ󱦱ǶҰ֮Уһࡣ
ҶȴֻɨһĿ˺ӵϣֻһۣ֪ԼֶԼСʱƬһģһֻһ˧ûǸкӡ
ҶͻȻҲйӵģϧȥ˷ʱֻ꣬岻֪ʲôطأӾ͡
뵽ǸӣҶЩֺСС֣Сһڳ̣һʱˣžʹһ£һĴ۾ĵһżĳ
ʦ㣬Ӻ͡
ûйϵûӸ㳤һģһ֪ģô𣿡
ףСǳ侲͵úڰ׷ӣҶεһ죬뵽ԼҲǹҪռıˣʮ侲ĵ˵ͷ
Ҿ֪϶ôģֻ벻㣬ǺӵĸףԺʱҲûͬôԺҵģһж𣿡
ףСʮֵƽƽеļͲɣҶȻͷҲûʲôõĽʽҲ·ƣֻҪÿɵ¾ͺˣӵһ˭ģƽϡ
ѪԵֶ޷ıģҶĶӾҶҵˣʲôʱǣ㣬ӽҶ
ӵա
ɣҶͷĳŵ˵˲ġ
ҶԼĺӾһҪԼգ˭Ҫ𣬴ڽӴҪЩʵҪ
õģԼͺãԺҪչǡҶһǲѡĻᣬںԼ壬ҲܲںԼĶӡ
Ĺ⣬Ȼϵ⣬ûȴ
һҪǿףСȴûбֳҶеִ֣˵ͷԣҲסһ𡣡
аҼҵķӺܴһסˣǲ㷿ȥģҪס棬Ȱ㻹ǲҪͷǸ޷ʵֵԸҶɵķȥ·ʱǳǿƣҲףСڵ˼ӵϣвĻ϶԰飬ڻУ٣̫ԵС
ףСûдڷ̵Сһ˵ӽ񶦣С˵ǸһĨЦ⣬Ϊ֪ЩѧԺŮ˽ҲҶСʾǶϲ簮֮⡣
Ҷર죺СôҵһأˣԸռ˾ռˣνġˣ̫ˣǶǵģСӲ֪ԼûԱ
˵꣬ǿŷ۷۵СӺüۣ˵۰Ͳ֪ζô
576²;
ҶȻǺףСй¶ǵʱûһð֮⣬ֻΪضǸϼһĳŵʽ˲ֵ񣬲û飬˵ּһʲôģûУҪȻҲ벻λ˵ɶʲôζ
ףС񿴵ĺһһ˵סԼĳŵҲʲôˣҺΨһϵǹͬӵһӣ
ҶջĿ⣬ͷ˵ףֻڼһҶӵĲ;ôûб˼
㡣
ʲôңǶҵĶ渺Ժι֮ǰúõţϴһ£ԺҪעƤҶҪŲˣҲܲģҶְ
ҶĲ˵˱Ƚ޳ܵۺ󣬾ͽЩףС񶦳ݣԺӵһ߻һСĽγףС˵ܿҲų⳵Ҷݳ뿪
ҶֱӾͻصֱ֮Ū˻һңȻЩľɲ°źãֳҶĳ˵¡
ڣҶ˵ʮа˾ҲˣȻ޼ɵҲ˵ݺ۳ңغͷУǾǸƨƨ㲻һ
Ҷ鸮еϾ͸棬̫ɱΪͻĽͣңҲûǿߣһֱڣֻӲѡ
ҶЩƣô֪ЩҲûиת۾ûӰҶĳ˺ҲˣԽơ
ҶòԺҪһ£ɱ˷ŻӦýԼСܺȥɣԼôҲǸˣôɱۻҲԼأԣһҪΪͶߣͶߣλߡ
㶨ס⣬Ҷȥһ񶦵Ĳ;ͻȻòľףСøغСɵıӳˣŴ淴ϵһ̣Ҷĳֵʧ䣺Ҫӵľס̫·Ҫ߰
ҶԸķЩӪḻҹȻͰСƳ˽ׯ԰ܾûжıȥ˵۹Ƶꡣ
Ҷ۹Ƶʱ򣬷ЩǺСܾȻأЩжЩûˣȻͷʱôḡǳ
԰ɣҲȳ𣿡ҶӶ˵
˶ҡͷ˸ã˵磬Ͻ԰ɣǶԳˣҪ֪ôòŻ˾ˡ
Ҷһ㶣žЩɱˣǰ׸ж׸ˣСӣ治ˣԷ֪һ
ЦϽ԰ɣ㶼ȵöˡȱЦ˿ӣɿĳеʳơ
ҲҶİ·ɿ趯ӣһͷãϽͷͳԣүǵͳԷðķС㶼ֱ죬˵ΪǮС߹Ӹأ˰Ūˣһմɽİ
մɽʲôأȻˡⲻһ佱˵Ļ
ҰѶӵòˣſʼȾƣҶһߺȾƣһ˵쿪ʼҪġԣӦǴӽͿʼҪҰ֣Ҷ˺;ŶŵĲ磡
Ŷţһ£û˵ʲôʱأôһ㶼֪
ȻˣҲ֪ƾҶʵʵܸһĵҰ־ǹˣ˼ȫԼģͻȻףǸҪˣ
577´ӳ
ŶžҽҪļŹ˾ƼҽҩݱԴزģعҵȶҵҰҲΪҵҪԭշҵҪ淢УΣˣԣֵּصҵ
Ҷ˵۾˵ͬʱҶҲȫţ»ͬһռȫгӦ˵أ
ȡ
ȱ˼ɤӣʵСЩɶҪǮģôʽӺζ
ҶЦҡͷǮԶ⣬ûô˲ţܹҰеĦõ֧һؼ⡣
ǰܶʱԼһҵչĶʽ𣬶˲ţû˲ţٶʽջǻõ׶ȱид˵ҵ棬˵ǺĵãҲԼĹ˾
˵ʵ˲еǣؼܲץ˵ѧԺʲô˲ûаÿ궼ҪΪ۹˲š
ڽȴǧ֮һСĹ˾ܲﰡȱһھƣڻ֪ҶĳѾ÷ʵأһɱĳ嶯ԼǸʲôˣϣԼ÷ҲǸˣǸӡ
ǣҶһĻӣһϣȱûѡǲǸֵиˣ
⵹˵ҶֵиֻǾүǶŮָ̫ܷ࣬ʵ⣬мأ
Ǳ飬⻰ûеĺ˵ż
Ҵܲڽ壬ڴ侩ƺһߴжзֲڷֹ˾Ҫ۹ÿһ䡣ȻһḶ́ҾٷţҪһɳḶ́ûиĦãҲȥ
Ҷ˵⻰˵ҾͻѧԺбͻȻԼڷѧԺﻹŮأǸѧԺһŮӣȪˣľĴ˺СŮԼǸɰСͬԪСݡ
ЩˣЩ£ʱһ£ܾĵˣЩЩ£ܵʱû̫⣬֮Ȼȴһļµĸо
磬뵽ʲôˣôЦôأЦҶ˾˵һٻҲ֪ڸģҶԤԹˣϡ
ҶһۣҪӵţ͸һˣʵȫԸոһǵģѹ˷˵Щֵã£ֻһҲֵá
˵ЦڳԷȾƣͻȻӺ¶ͳȥһ£µ磬ղǸ鷳ˣŰҲ硣
Ҷ˵ͷ߳˰ᣬСܸһһЩķ緶
粻ҶĿ꣬Ҳ룬Ŀǰ۰һĴɣһҪԼĵ۹
ȻҶҪʵֻۣҪһͳټ۹Ļԡ
Űһ˵֯ȴʣʵԭŵһ֧ڰ빫µĻţǰµĻҪ࣬һźţ
ҶûϵҶ˵ˣҲ֪Ҷڵ״ΣҶҪҪ֮һҲҪƿ
578»һ
ŰˣֵܸߣЩȻ־࣬ҲǾѵСȸķֵ࣬ȽϸߵǣȻҲǶ֡
ΪʲôŰڲһʱｫеİɶƷһԾΪĵһڰĸԭڡ
ҶԼ֣͸ɴ϶һϢȥͬʱЩƵıҲǣڶŹ˫ʽ̾ͷ˾תղŻƵľƵ걣Ƿ񷴻ܿͺ͸͵ǰŰ̵
սҪʱѽѽľ𣬾ܶӰӾһԱɨˡ
ͣһ׳ľϵ˳ԱǶͳǹѸٵĿֳɨһڳˣȱǵʱԵһ£ưĿŽ۹Ƶܾҹ꣬ǻô¶ǾƵ껹Ѱ
ҹüͷ˵ȿ˵⻰òãѣѵЩ˷ǳ˺𣿡
ߣЩűȫ˾ˣ˭֪űȫ˾һԱĹǳϸҾ֪ǽǵۻģѵǾôԴ˵𣿡ƫ̫ԣĿ֯˭ûô¶أ
˵ˣ˭űȫ˾Űһ֣Щʲô飬۹˶һ˶֪
⻰̫˰ɣ˵ǲ̫ƫ̻ˣŰʲôˣõ˵˶֪ҹ겻мĿšҹʱܱܷͷСɫǲ
ҾһˣҶߡһָ֣վͱסˣҶЦӣ֪֪˭ĵط
ġ
ĻһɽѰĴ⣬ֱӽȵ÷ݺݵײһƬԱײſڵĴʯԲϣ˺ǵͬʱ˶˸£һ̲һġ۵Ѫ֪ʮа˾Ƿϵˡ
ͱ˵ˣЩɨľԱǶϸ첲ǶȣҪܺúõǵǸ漣ˡ
Ҷӿڴ˸ոմ֮ļҳ֤̾˵Ѿܾˣ˳鱨鱨ѹɣţȥҽԺɣұ
ҶЩס˵ŰˣĵЩȥӼ𣬽忪ʼϴ򡣡
ҶЩľԱͳһ֤һµоֵǲ᲻ɣ
֤Ҳ¾Ҷĵģذһ̾Ͻ֯ȻǺͺ쵳ĹھֳͻһʹȨǷܹ£ǾͿʹȨˣʵǿ
ҶûȫñȨ飬˵ԽԽ죬Ѿ˹ٳ˾߱ĳЩʡ
˵ذֺоһڵطǲ̫ӵĻ˵ˣǺ쵳ԼĹֺھֺܶʱҲʹֱӺкЩСԱǲŻϹĻһһƦ衣
Ҷոǻһ¶İҪǳ뺷ֵѾЩ˸ɵˣҶû֤Ƕ㳷ˣôŰѸӼӲġɸˣһһСԱɲǣû
579ɨڷ籩
鵽˽Ļ⽫һԴǹڰҹźǣʱ˼γĲǾԱ侯
Щ侯֮ûжǹ֮ĶͶԾƵıкҶЦһ΢һֽţЩ侯ͱһ٣ǸվڴſһײеľɵˣǹȴϢ߹ȥҶǹ
ʮֵĲòٵţͷҲǹͱˣѪɺݺݵĿҶ
ƼҵǰɣǸǸʯǵֵܰɣҾǰѻˮɲзϵǸˣҶӦöӡɣźԺͲӡˡ
Ҷ˵ģٵ۾ʱһƬң峺ԵЩľȻ
ǱߣȻûĬĬ۾һָ峺Ҳһ˿ľȻ顣
ҶѾˮ㳿һʬ⣬Ժ󽫻ƵĿܣ
ҶЩˣֳô϶ˣȻЩˣΪ˽¼Ӱ콵ֻͣôĺķԼĹЩ˵ļ䶼˸ĶͬʱѼص¼һΡ
侯;Ա뿪ˣޱߵİŰһٺʰȫӽ˾ԱֵСݣЩŰԼľԱĪ˵Լ˶ˣʱֺݺݵİЩһ١
ŰôţҲǲܺ͹һȵģԱٱҲܸһå۸ǣ
ŰűͺܴܲϣھԱеŭ𱻵ȼˣҹչץжҶͨذֺо´ָץжĴ߻һҵɨжڽзչ
峿ʱ򣬷ԼѾٽƵ꣬ˮ֮羰续֮棬콿ׯ԰ش羰ƿӣܿⰻȻֲͳγĺˮ
֮콿ׯ԰ȻѾҶ뿪ʱˣǵǰ龰ˣȴֻڱպºѩ˵ȫһİĵط
ϣҶͰѽİ˵һ£Ůһ£鶨֮Ҳˡ
ҶȰºѩͱհѼָˣʵҲǰǰЩŵ¹ǣİǰԼļָˡ
ŮҲ֪ԼǰôģûоܾҶЩԺ󣬾ͺ˸ƵģûǶҶӡеˣôɰˡ
ҶĹ̫ڳǰһ֮ͨžĴȥ˵۹á
ҹϾҪģ̯¶æʵѲҶżȥͺˡ
Ҷǰ֪ͨûгԶ㶫˵۹ü֮˵һָ˸ĵ绰ųҹ׼õζȣҶҹ㵽칫̸¶
Ҷͱ¶ô찡ҹԼֶŮҸҲһֱ֪СӾǰֶŮ˶ӵǸˡ
ڵѾ˸壬ȻʱҶѾԭӣԭǸıѾ޴Ѱˡ
Ҷԥ˵ȢͲÿǵģʱңҲԼ϶ҪίˣΪҵŮ˲һ
580µ͵͵
ҹ̾˿˵ⶼʲô⣬ؼҪһЩˣĺӣ
ûˡҶԴҲʮֵĲϾûûҲͲôʹģҪʧȥĻо϶
ϧˡҶʲôҿڵʵֲܿԺҪԸŵˣҲֻܹʤˣҪǾھͺˣܰһѡ
뵽Լʧ˵ֶӣҹɪ˼֣ûԼĺӣһ򶼰ֶֶŮԼĺҲϢʱͷ˲٣Ҳ˺Щڱˣ˺ܶ࣬뵽ֶӻûϢЩ
ģԤСҶȰοҹһ䣬ҵļƻܶ࣬ʱҪбˣ֧һЩ˲𣬰Ҵˡ
ҹ˵⻹ԺҹҵŮʲôﲻأһˣңҹҵһУ»Ҫͱĺ̳УǾƾ羪ҲǻֵٵһּҲǴ˹֪ͬ顣
ҶͷǺãҾͲˣҪܶ෽˲ţǼҴµĸҵһЩŴˣȻҪڲӰҵ¡
аĿܴϾȥţ׼˰ɡ
ҹָܶ࣬Ҷ˼䣬ȥͬ˻ྣͼҴҵˣ˵Щţڳ˽۹ƵҪߣ۹ƵҲߣͬʱҹҲҪĲ;ߣһ쵽æҪ
ǰҹƴҪҹ˵ɡҹҲǸάӪļҵûеˣǻЩæۣ˵˵ػǷǳҪ
ʵҶոջʱ򣬾Ͱ綼ԼǸʱΪԼ޵أ뷨Щˣ˵ڲǿһǿģҲʥˣּ̧ܸɵһ磡
ҶڲûкΪеʵʵ½˵һ㲻ΪĻΪɱ˶½ǷȲС½ԽĽҲɱˣҰŪŪŪɿ˰ɣ
͵һ㣬ٵ͵һ㣬͵͵ҶڱҪѭĴԭ
ΪԼԵرĵ͵Ҷߵ˶¶Ϊûٷģ
ҶҪȥ꣬ȻҪһңЩҪһҵʱ䣬ߵ飬¶ȫ֣Ǻʹӵ˶һ̯¶
ϴĥ֮Ѿȫ߱Ůǿ˵ʣ¶ԽһɷǣҶǵıַǳڴ
ʮϵķɻʱ˽꣬ҹҵĳӵҶûϳͳ鷳
һ֧ɺɵĳޱȵĳ˻ͣҹҵĳӰΧ϶˻ǹͻڣһī˴һлĵҶͺߣһЦ¶һѩݣ˵ھֵҵӳ鱨鱨Ѿˣ
˵ţ֣ҶܵһӴ˵ɢ˵һﲻһ˰ѹôˡ
581ɱ
ҶҲֻΪĬΪѪĹŲʵټʱŬԼҶĿ࣬ʵʵڲܱ⡣
Ȼ˵־Ҫʱ۾Ȼ⣬Ǻû˵۾Ķ̾ͽסˣž͵һƾʧֻһѪ˵ϣѸٵУһɫС㡣
ҶҲû뵽ôһ־ɱУҲã鷳һΡ
¶˱ҶԼ֤һ£ЩϴԲʵ˵ԼǻãûбҪҲŰϣҲɱˣϽ߰ɣȥǵϷʵʵ˵ˣһ
ҶЩ˾Ϳǹźӵȥ۵У˶Լˡ
ľԱһĻɵˣô¶Ҷ˹ȥԸ˵˵䣬ɫ䣬æĵͷ
Ҷֻһ£ĸ˵ļת˳ﳤȥǺһ֮ͱʿŪߡ
ͷ˭ôţһʱȫӳλ̾˿Ĩһ亹˵˭һ㶼ǲˣҲ֪ղŷʲô¶
ţһ£ͷƤҡͷ˵ʲô¶һЩͣǶû˹𣿡
СӣзչԺôݰȫӳһᱣļͷľȻĵͷֱӳˣһߵͬ£Ƕͷʲô˼ʲôң
֪˳ͷϼӰʱ̫ˣ趼ȥˣ
ݣпܣҪƯĴѧ棬Ҳģ
ڱȫӳע⵽ǵĶԻһ֮һ𾪵ķ֣ʵǶԸղŵ飬̫ǼǵõģһЩͣû˹ܣȻӵ˿ˣЩˣɫĻ¡
ٴҹҵׯ԰ҶֻĸоʱͻȻǸСħͷŮǸСҲ֪ڷôˡ
ҹʮֵİЩɪӭӵĶ黹ǰɪи嵭һЩͼļλһ֮󣬲ŰҶܸˡ
ҶֵúòһģҹҵҲûΪδŮ
ʱ˵ԺȣһֱҹʱҶڽţȥС¥Ϣ
ͿܺҶúõĹˣ˻ᣬȻޱȵᣬҪʱӶҪһıǵģһֱǸ֪״ıҪиǿСĸ׵ķģ
ΪеĻᣬҶûпĿԼ壬һΣÿζװ£ټ㺹ҺŪñ춼͸ˡ
˯ˣҶ֮µŵͷȡЩӶѾĵطûʳɰС뿪ҡ
һҶѾ˵£׼ȷ˵ǺһѨ
ҶԼһʱ򣬷飬ͻȻԺһ磬ָʱԼѾһˮ棬龰͵һʱһģһ
һεˮأˮصıڶɫʯ壬ףˮǷۺɫŵ㡣
582
Ҷ͸ˮУҲϸôģһԼ壬ܶһԼ壬ȻҲϴһѾ˱仯
ҶһΡһ˿Լ壬ѾѪɫƬֺѾ仹룬ָҲˣͷڣϳƬϻƬѾһ㣬㡣
ҶоԼͬϴһһ˺ܶϵˮȥһεĴһ赲⣬ڵǳеĹţ޴һ֮󣬣ˮŲͣĹ๾ഭðݶ
ҶϢһ֪ȥҲУϴεľ飬ˮǱȥԽǱˮ¶Խߣ潥˺ɫĹâй๾ȻǷڵҽ
ҶҪҪ¸ҵ꣬һɺǿǣ޷Ƶ³ȥ
¶ԽԽߣˮѾûˣֻвڵˮҶѾʼݣˮݷٵʧЩϢĸо
̡һ죬Ҷޱȹ̵ҽ棬εһҽУѾҽΧ޷ʹ˼һƬҡ
ȻѾһΣҶڻǷǳϣԼԻȥʱȴζβȥʹĸоͣĥ񾭣ǿ󣬿ʱҲЩظоԼʱбĿܡ
ҽֻҶıƤҽʽ棬̻ȵҽĻһ֮󣬾ͷߣֱеÿһռ䶼ռ
֪ǲһִҶ㱼ԼȻһֱڳſµգǲû̫ˣûнճɻҽֻоʹ
ĥĹ̲֪˺ܾãҶٽʱҽͻȻѸٵȴҽ֮УоһҪϢо
ҶҽеʱûиоϢȴоϢҪǣﶼҽҲ̣
ҶЩɣԼǲǴˣ᲻ʹȥ
ҶڸղڳĿռﲻͣ˶ţȷʵûճôֻɫû죬ҽƵĻ֡
ڻڲˣҶĴŴƬͶڲͣĺԺЩҪݽߣķβ۵ҪƵ÷š
Ҷθоǿ׼ոСˡǾΪԼһ˵ʱĳͻȻðһһֻʮĻϢϢоһ˲ɢΡ
ҶǬתʮķǵϢʮķЧǬתһʼöζ޷ɹǵϢʮֵĻԾﵽҴܣʮεĳԣԸԳĽȵϢߣżƤĵܣת֮󣬲˳׳˺ü̵ҽзٵܽ⣬ϸС΢ںϢ棬ë׺ͱǿݳȥ
ҶȫָɣȻܵĿռޣϴһ߽ʱԼܳʱ䶼ûùˣڶЩòĸо
ҶԽԽǸо̩ǹתٶĸ߿죬׳ٶҲͬʱӿ죬ߺľƵѾߵĳ̶ֳȵѾ޷׽õ
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žҶ̵ʯҶѣһԷٶӺ࣬תۼ䣬ǰЩʯҶѾ촷ۣһ֣ܾ̮һƬ¶һЩ۳ռʱ˺ܶࡣ
583γ
Ҷܿͳҽشʱ֣ͲʱǸˮ̶һĶѨĺȴ֪ⶴѨͨη
ҶȥѰұĳ·˳ѨǰߣԽǰԽ̹ǣ⵹Ǻʱո෴
Ҷ۾ںڰ棬ڰ赲סߣԽԽխĶѨǰУߵһǰ·ߡ
ȥ·̫ԶҶɴֱøƵ··ĹУѧὫԼҪƵĵطй
Ҷ˵һٶãڵǹӱͲϢѾڲϵĸߺб쳣ǿ󣬳ÿһ䣬ƮƮɵ֮С
ۡһ죬ǰһʯ˲촷ۣһ紵ҶɿԱһ㣬촷۱ɢһЩĶˣ
Ҷӽ߳ͷ죬ǰһ޴ޱȵĿռ䣬ռ䶼ɢŨصζĵĹâռ䣬ϢѸٵĽ˱˪ַٵıۼ˸Ļ
Ҷռһطеһɫ񣬴ϲɴŮΪ̵ǸŮ𣿱Ůڡ
ֻȻɴڣȴҪ¶ҶҵĻǸһôõ鰡
ҶͻȻЩΪȻûҪҵӣŮ˱ֵܻǸ˴Ҫλãⲻǵ͵ļɫԭıʣԼź
ҶЩƣԼֺʧֱǵ߸ǰԼۺ⻹
Ҷ̾˿ϴδĽһĺҶ¶֣ȴǵεεһ£ԼѾ˹˻˵ˣһҪǼ¶Ҷ᲻ǸŻأ
ӦòŻģҲһѣ룬ϴξûиŻΪϴʱѾָ˱ࡣ
Ҷûϴܱ޴ռÿһ䣬ȴʲôûз֣ͽ޹ֱڱĳطҵǸܲ۵Ķ
ҶڣһͻһǰȥƬ̵ʱ䣬һ͸ղǸ޴ĿռͬĿնУҲһͬı񣬱ͬҲһúͺ̼һģһɴŮ
ʲôûиı䣬ϴҶʱһģһֻҶϣֻעҪգԼҲԼϣʵ
룬ܶʱղʵǲпʵı롣
Ҷҵһڣ˽ȥһһ궴֪䣬ȻѾ˾ʮ˸ն˵ھʮŸ
ﻹʲôûУҶҪ뿪ˣ룬ϾʵԸ̫õʵ
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սʵʵʵĻ뾹Ȼ˻ʵ漣˼飡
Ҷһ㶣ſϲ˹ܹͬ¶һѱסССҲһķͱһҵǸͣ
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ҶתȥһʱҲɵˣҶȻҲվճյĿ棡
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ҪЩҸԭɵĻôֻݣǾǡ⡣
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ҶЦҡͷһʱ˵Ҫϸ˵Ļǻɾ̫ˣǵϹпյʱĽɡ
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һ˵ϴ裬˿Լϵգ̿ˣûмͣоֵطȤ
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Ҷһϴ˸ԧԡ֮Ǹһ۵˯˹ȥ¥ϣ§εʱֵС˯
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Ҷ̣Ȼô˵ңô㣬СƨúͮͮĶˣ
˶󿩿Цֶһ˵Ҫô󻵵ֶ̲סЦ۳ԳԵЦ˺һ˵Ļ
Ҷ̾չһ壬۾ǸֳһĨҸĿĵЦݡ
ʵֻҪÿ춼һ峿̵Ļع飬ҶⱲӺҲûʲôźˡ
Ҷ˯һǸ÷˿ɧѵģСѾͷǶúõĳͷһͨȥˮ˳к걳˳ȫⶼϸĴ˼飬ȵϴ꣬СѾһ̲ˮ
Ҷ漴ָһ¥ȥԷɫ죬ЩССԹ
ȴǵԹ˵ᰡǣղ˼ôǣǶ˵һ˼ҶˣǻԷɴףǻ
ĻŪ˶һ㶣˾ͰСһͨôȥˣԷ컹кܶҪأ
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ҶĻѾ̸ˣΪĻ̫࣬ҪЩ壬ҹ˾ŰĴҶҲûзԣҪһεģңÿһŮҲֻôһΣ¡һЩǱģԼҲҪŮĸܲǡ
Ͷ֮ѾƻΪĵ۹ʷģһλ磡
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ŮȥΪԼѡɴˣΪҶӦԺÿһʢĻҶ¶еǵҲ͵ȥʵҪĲǻ񣬶Ǳذӵĸо
Ҷʱ򣬾֪ܹĴ㣬ڷֿѾǲܣĳŵҲ뿪ģͳ֮вɻȱһ֣Ҫǲ֡
Ҷ¶Ҷ͵ɴ֮ֵжΣһҿҶݣҶڽ㡣
Ҷڳ򿪳ɫҶӱ־Ķɫ㽨ǰͣͣźܶĺóܺã˵Ŀȣڽûκεطֻ֮˵зΧ󣬵ȵȵȵȡ
Ŀʵڻĵ۹κһͳжУҶ˵㣬ͬʱҲΪҶṩһֻľѣвܽĹϵ
Ҷ˳ϴʯ̨ףƿʵľŵʱҲţ棬ҶŮӲײһҪҶεϣһȻڻ
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ҶȻע⵽ݣЩգȻŮˣҶ׼ȷ˵ӦýҶСһԭҶ֣ͬð˺ܳʱСˡ
ʱŹһ࣬ǸɵСѾͷѾ˴ˣɫ˿ȹɫĶд˳ˮΣŸߵɫְŵױ͸崿ഺлԸУǽ˫¶ֺĸ߸ϸƤЬͿɫޢѩѩźСȶе覣֮
СҰèôﰡҶó˲ˮЦŽСסǺǰһĶ˴
ҶСһӾͺ͸ˣ滨Цɬ˵ᣬʱô˼ңಿ˼סĸ첲ҪˣһҪǣȻǷԼഺõ壬Խôʱ˼֮ࡣ
ҶⶼעԼߣҶСţߵԼͺԱߣҪ򿪳ţ˺Сȥ
ҶС̾˳Ҷ˵ϽߣһˣҪǺһҪˡ
ҶͷһǸ첽߳ĹӸӵˣǸһָҶģСҪǸߣҾ죡
Ҷ鷳ģһԼͰѴ򿪵ĳŹˣҶСк⣬ڳϵһʥѩѣĳţȵǸߵ˽ǰʱͻȻ֣һʮͣźݺݵİͷһϣ̵˷˾춯صĲҽУҶСŵСɷףٿȥ˵ԼϹô飬˧
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Ҷÿͷһڣ޵һĭ˵ϣѾ۵˹ȥҶһţʩʩȻ˳źﳤȥ
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ţǹݵģߵ棬ôĽɫôû˵أ
ǵ۹Ķȱţ˴ȱز©ĸ˶أⲻʲô
ôǸ˺һ˰
ݣ۾￴˭ˡ
ܶ࿴һĻ˶۷׷ףûΧۣҶһߣ˶ԾɢǸ֮ˣ˵Եʵ̫һЩ
Ժ󣬾оֵѶеľȻӸϽߣоֵ߽˿иļ˽·ʱ
ǵĵսһ룬оֵ˶ˣҽһٺᣬ˵ĻɵˣҲˣ֪Լǵ·ɡ
룬Ŀܾӵ˱̫ˣЩæĶ˶Ʒ
ǵҲ֪Ǳ˾ӪؽСݣЩŰɭɭԼıδʱȫ
ᣬһᣬ̾ӵĶӳгҵġ
˭ʹѾ˷ɣΪо֣ȨǽѶУʹȨʱκβŶøԤ
СݵŴ򿪣һϴһĻ˽ͷȴһϴֵѩѣѩð̲ζĿ
ҪǿҶѩѵĻͻᾪķ֣˳ҲһѩѣѩҶԼƵģɴȥܵõһϢ˺Ǹɷǹϵǳ
ƱʯһĴ󺺣Ļжľ񣬺һ׳á
ӳݲ򵥣⵹Ϊһ׳ʵڲ¼߸ߵһľ٣׳ҲҪ񣬲пʮ꣬϶ǰ߲ǺߣҪȻĻһǵ۹ʷĽ
Ļº˲ʶ
жԼ󺺵˵ͷǰСһ޶ϣŶ۾̣ĵĺߺʲôܲŵ
ӳԼˣٵӹȥѾˣָһСô¶ʱŭͷЦоֺûôȨɣھֶûôȨ
ӳǺ쵳ԱЩ̾ˣ̵ͺ쵳ڶԷôȻǻһЩõĿģͷ˼ƽϣǿ׳ĽУˣҲǻõ֯ϵȫ֧֣һֱһ쵳Ĺʹͳ֯ӳ˻ʲôµأûС
ǰûУǴڿʼˣ졣
³ֵʱ򣬾СĴƺݺݵӳϣžһ죬ƣһ϶ˣ⣬ֻһʼ
СʱԺӳһ˲Ÿߣ뿪Сݵʱ򣬻жѾ˵ӳ˵סˣҪǸʲôҪң̾Сɣһúõˬһѣ
ӳһС֣ʱ˸䣬ʱͺ޲ٸԼѾ׳ͷһƣôû뵽ħǶƮƮСأ
587
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ײβСɣû֪ľְλֻͿ϶ˣʮǰͷǳҲҪиʮ˰ɣҲ͹ֲӳʱ򣬸󲻵ݣôۣ˭ܰһ׼ͷϵһأ
ܶʱ򣬱綼Ϊᷢģӳˡ
ӳȥҽԺ鷢֣˲أһ˲˵ˣǴõ֣Ҳ˵ԺҪҲ޷ֻʹˡ
Ȼǰ;ƽӳǸСĴܼһСھ֪ˣǲӰǰ;ֻҪڣûгΪˣ˶˵ֻһС¶
ӳѾˣܰ׳ԣȻ֯˵ҪʰСɵĻǸɵļ񣬿ԽõһЩ㹻İοͽܾܲͰװ׵˰ɣ
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ӳҡҡͷһʾгС㣬ͬʱһ²ˡ
гʶ£ͻЩ˶ȥˣȵʣˣӳ©˵ˣǸǲˣ֪Ǹ˭𣿡
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ӳгûԼ˼ʶԼЩûûˣˣɶǰɶ˵ɶˣ
Сɡӳ˵ֵʱЩԼ֮ǰĿ¾ǽһӵʹԼ޷Ĩȥļ䡣
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гһԴϬݽʱǿӣǿڲŲһţ棬˵֣ʹ˸һİͣЩߵСֵĿ£ɴ˿Լһߣ
ƵģСɡ
ӳЩľͷЩˣֲǺгûעüͷСľ޴֮С
һг˲ŻعЦ˵ĶЩСɫܲ͵ˣڻҵʸ񶼲ֻǰװ׵飬ͲҪٹˣҲܣúõϢˡ
ӳҲЩˣǿĺг˴кȵʣԼܿͳ硣
гȥ˲ԶǸ߸ɲһԼֶӣֶܵʵأǴûܹʲôίֶȻǲĸôˣʵܹܣؼǶӡ
ֹӸ˵ʲôȶӸǷߺ޲ѵǣһΪϾҪֵСˣôǸͻȻֵСˣȻûĸоҲеǸСˣնݳ֮󣬻ҪҶС£úõǸˮСˣ
һ뵽ҶСǸС˵κƤļ壬;ѪӿȤޱȵĸǡ
588ߵغ
ǷǣҸСʿԼʱŴˣĲεǸ崿СʿԼԨ
壬㲻ǻȥ𣿡
ЩʧٶȽûбֳ㹻飬ʵҪҪЩҪæĻûаְֵȨλĲΣȻЩ̫ˡ
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ҿε飬ô˰ɡԨһ˵˼˵ɲ˵Ļ֮ͻȻðôһ䡣
һ㶣ɻĿ壺壬˵ʲôôˣΪʲôͷŵЩŭͻȻŷ˳ǲơ
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ͣһ£ԨòõԼֶʮ˵ٸˣҾֱӷ㣬ҾͲֵܣͲļ̳˳ߣ
г˷ȥһμ巢쭵ɫ任˺һŷ޷޵ģŻ˭أҪоһжСӹҵʱ򡣡
ˣʮֻ֮Ǹ崿ĻʿСݵϣҪЩͻȻ䷢ϵĵ绰ϽаģСʿߣ˵绰
֡ɰְ֪Լ飬ȻְһֱͦӣҪ֪ΪŮ˶¶ԵĿƺƺܲãͷ飬˵̫
Ȼˣε۹εϵһ򶼲ҷʱ򣬶ʱ򣬶ϵǰǸʱһǸԺӣ
쵰
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͸ҹĸˣԷûлݣҲûз㣬أ֪֪˼ұվŵ˭Сɶֻǳ䵱ֵĽɫǵҶǲ𣡡
һ֮ͨԨܵ΢ƽЩ̾˿˵ҪôĻǸ취¼жġңѾճ̣Ժܼ̳ܲټļҵԼıְɡ
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589׿ү
ҶôҲû뵽Լ֮٣ȻܹıһӸˣҵˣҲɴ˷˾תǲ˾͸ԼŪһǿĵ˭֪δ̫ңԶ
˿̣ҶСһҾƵء
˵Сʤ»飬ҪûйŮˣ޴ӵ֪飬ԼϵĳЩԵĸܡ
˿̣ҶСֻСҰèǷ״ֻ̬СϻͲûаҶ˺ˣҲΪõǰһʱ򣬴δйܣβִ˲ƣ
ڣս¸һ䣬ҶСòϢһȵˮͬʱҲĦƵʹߵĵطúõȴһðƤˣоۡ
§һ˵ŻȵҶСµʱҶҲһ֣俴Ҳ̶ã̾˿
ܿȬˣٽһֱСʱϴ˸ԧԡս·һȥ緹
Ƶһǲĺڱطǳͬʱֽźߣ羰ˣܺã˺òײҵһλ⻹ҶСŹԵʡ
ȻѾǷǳǳȵļڣЩȣ͸Ƶش·Զɳ̲Ůκһ˵һ޷ܵĳܡ
Ҷһ߳ҶСǩŪõ˿⣬һŮøЩŵ˷ǳĲޣ˵СûְŮź㣬Ҳˣ㻹İõŮŵô㲻ϡǸŰ࣬
Ҷɲ֪ԼΪñôԹҶСҲûоҶʲôԵģŮ˺ָܹܶ࣬Ķʱ⣬Ѿǳ֪㡣
֪֣߳ҶСԼ֣ܿ뵽ϾҪҹһҵСлͷģҲˣȴҪȥμ̫ˣ
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ҶջĿ⣬ƿӦ߹ˣĿ˵ϽҹԶ㣬꣬ҪȻ̫
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λ׿ǸںĹӸ磬ƤҲ̸¿ҲľǲսҶȨ
ۡһ죬ǸüĳһѪҪصʱͻȻԱߵĸˣ۾ߣʣµǴģҲǹŴߡ
ٶȷǳĿ죬һвգ۵Ĺ򣬴е˶ûзӦô¶أûпѾˣֻΪСĦӸء
׿ɫúѿǲûη֮ɫҶ˵ѣЩ̫˰ɣ
ҶмЦЦλ׿ٺߵӸ磬˵ô׿үܲҵΪҪе𣿡
׿Ե˾Ҫ˵סŵ£Ŷ˵벻㻹ʶңȻʶңӦ֪ôĺ
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˵ţ׿תߣһֻּᶨסĲӣһֵͰΣЮžߡ
ҶҶСŶʲôûзһҶСһ̲סʣϹǶʲô˰ôر񲿶ľأ
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ҶСס»ƵĻ֣Ц˵ȷӦʧһӰɣоһΣˣԼǸŵĵطʵΪ㡣˵Ļ𣿡
Ҷ̾˿ŮѾˮȥţҵȻţ㣬Ҳɰ˵ɣʲô飬ܾ¡
ҶСЩԥɫҶ˵ҲڵƣֻҪ⣬Ҷܹ¾ǺΪУڶ£СҰè˵ҪȻ˿Ҫ˰
Ҷôһ˵ҶСڷѧԺǶӣ֪ԼǷб۸ͻоرֵĻëһ뵽ʱ飬ͻر˷ܣоرĴ̼
ɣǷˡҶСа
ˣҼЩ飬ҪΪ㣬Ϊ˼ǸˣҲ֪ˡСѾͷ¶
ˣˣءҶЦŶᣬ֪һ˺ѵ飬ŻԼҸǨǸˡ
ҪǸ˭׷ʲô飿ҶҶСȶЩ
Ǹ˵ǸĸС̻нǶ¶ľҲ⡣ҶСЩȻҶܰԼЩ
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ҶЩ鷳ɴһڣͰļ䶼ƵԼԺСѾͷ˵ż¶ǱʵѾ˶Բߡ
ҶС˵꣬Ҷװһ£˵ˣʵҲǼŮ̫ˣ˵ˣǶԷ޷֣ǾݺǣԴвǾͷûв´ĻǸˣһǣǼ˺һֱϵĪ棡
ܵģ簢̲飡ҶС̾ͷҶжϣҪǺĻڶ簢ĿǲڮٵģҲһԡ
Ҷ̾˿˵ɵӰô飬㻹ûг찡ô棬Ǿһ£ǸʲôˣֿסˣҾ͵ǸǵĻ͸òã
һ˵ҶС;Щۣǵͷ˵ãˣ͵ŵǸɣ簢̲Ų˵أߣС˽飬ø˰ѶԴ˵ط°;ǿӵϡ
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ҶʵһҶСͲɵҵǰˡ
ҶСҶʮ꣬ǸͷβСĽҶҶС꣬ʮ꣬Ѿ飬ڼдǸĵңҶСҶŶʮ꣬ȴŮһϳɵҶվһ𣬲ãǺҶҲ˸оҶһЩʵǸĴڡ
ͬҶһĴ˫̥ãҶõСҶ֥Ҷһ޶ҶǣǷʮȴúŮɷ绪Ҷ꣬ҲֲԼŮ˭˭ǴһģһĻ
ҶҶ֥ͬӪһţҪݽױƷŮ鱦εŮйطҵҶҽһҽϲȦǳŮԡ
ܹݺôһˣ϶ͬѰҶɲܶԷ˭ȻҶŮˣǾǸݵĽ
˺Ҷ֥һʱ⣬Ǹ˺Ҷ˶ŮˣȻҲͰﵱԼĵˣû׼ʲôʱͶŮأһ뵽ִͬߵӲˡ
ҶҶСԹ˶һȥסĵططҶСεǸŮҶļң
Ҷ֪ҶǷѾ֪һͨȴûлĻ˴侩飬һǸŮˣһӴʲôˣܵõļ䣬ʲô˵أ
Ҷסĵط˵Ǻɣڽȼٴ帽¿ı棬Ҷų˱ſڵʱ򣬸סˣò³Ǽǡ
ҶСǺҶһ⻹ǵһεҲʶԥҪҪ³
ͻȻһϲеС𣿡
Ҷһ㶣תͷһ̾ʹЦ˵ҿ¸磬ӣϽ˳һӵһ£ϳʱûмˣַ˺ܶ¶˴˶ֻĸо֮ر׽
СҪȥ𣿡ЦҶļȵʵЩϻ̳Ͽֵ˼ҪǰֲңǰЩź
Ц˵СҺСӡףλ˿ûмǡ
ɺͳЦЦͻȻûˣǶҶбպ磬ͻȻ䶼һ仰Цž˿ޣ
Ҷǵ£˵㣬Ƕˣûڽأôﰡʵʣô¶ǲҲߵЩ˻ǻȱƵģĪ뿪ĪĻͬһΡ
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Ҷȥ׼ҶС˱׼ʶʶҶ磬ͨҶСļ䣬֪ҶһݵŮˣôǻ˵ĵͺ˷žƭԣƭ׵֣һпñƭ˵жأ
Ҷıһܴ˽һ԰󣬸ĵؼ㣬Ҳֵǧ򣬿ҶļǵãҶĹ˾ҲֵôǮοǸ˾ҲǱ֣ûиĸĸʲôģǮӺζأ
˵ͲģҶ뵽³֮ǰ͸Ц˸绰Ųһ¡ǳЦĵ̣С˶
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ʵҶȫԲô鷳뵱ͨ˰ɣͨԼĹϵ˵ĵϸҲ˼
Ҷڼ绰أͻȻ俴ҶСһİ˽һȻεúܺãҶȴʶС濴ľţΪŴŭ
ҶķӦܿ죬ʷǳĺã˵һ䡰´ģҵСˡ͹Ҷ˵绰
ѽСȥһ˾ʹһ˧磬ҶЦмֲ죬εĺܺá
ҶСȻǲҶҶ˵ˣҶжϻǸĵףʶľͶҶı˹۲죬ôһ۲ͷľϸڣƺ簢̶ԼܲˣһЩ̵˼治ôĶҺðǹûкǸһ
뷨ҶСЦҲЩ̫ȻˣҲǸѩŮҲεòǲ˼˵簢̣ҵСҶСҶҵ簢̡
Ҷװĺʮֹ˵ãССļ񣬲ɾ⣬벻Ҫ
Ҷ·õһСеȥһö룬͸İװֱӾܿʯ˸Ҷ۾̰̾Ĺâһ˲䶼εĳ۾
ҶСְЩУеɻ͸ˣ⻹һֱΪݳΪǸ簢
Ҷ˿¶̰ҶСЩˣŮ˶ϲĶҶ̰Ŀ⣬޷ø̰ƺźݶζ
뷨һҪγˣͺ͵һӡһǳױı䡣
ҶҶСбˣĿȫĿŮεĵԼ̬޷֮ı䣬ԽԽֺĵ׼һֱƭµĳޣƭԽҪƭ˺Խ
ԲҲܽܣлл㡣ҶķӦ˵죬ʮͣ٣Ըıܶ飬ڷӦˣȴ֪Ѿ޷ԭܲõ
Ҷӹ룬ֱӴ˳ҶС·ϣЦŵͷ˵СҰè뻹ʺˡ
Ҷɫ䣬Ҫ˵Ҷֻ˵˼䣬۾ȴһֱڶǵЦԽԽζ
ҶͻͻоʲôҪղϵһһֱһ绰Ȼ鳩˺ܶ࣬ȴָˣ
СӣǸǡҶͻȻðô뷨Ȼеᣬ˲ͱҪСӣҪúõʰ
ûòСʺѣ̫ˣҶԽĲѾƲסԼԽԽİõЩ¶ԭźͳһЩĶŮˡ
ҶЦúܲãЦȴǳŨңЦʵҶ磬¬ϣǸӸٺôҵŮŮū
ҶСһ⻰ʱͲҰһƬŭɶðŻĿⶢҶ磬ôҶĻ
ҶͷһӣһƬհףողŴĵ绰Сô֪أʲôˣ
һ飬ҶСʲôˣҧгݵĵҶһۣתͳţҶĳ
Ҷ֪ҶСѾǰһдȨԼŮѾò绨ȴЫŮˡ
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ҶڱʵľŹϵһɲǣҪҶȴһ֣ڱĴϵͬʱ·Ѿ˻һңʧΡ
Ҷôµ龰ʱɵˣڶڵԼ˵ѩ۽Ҷ޷⡣
ƤҲˣЩҶڿǰΨһȦŶȵȼһʥѩѣеȦƷҶ硣
Ҷô׳ҶӲˣ˲ѰˣֵܹزˣѾѰ˷У˲СϷһ
˳ۣúõĻţŲ˳ۣһĭһѣҶڴҶĸо
ǣҶô˵ģɾͲˣΪĶ˭ôΪøĴ
˵ʲô۾ǲϹˣˣ㿴˵쵰
ҶȻץ󣬲òͷ˼ҵȷûҲһ˵¶˭뵽ôŭôأ
ҶȷţŮһֲԳ֮һֲ
˵˵ûҶ۾ˣĿҶԼҪ˵ԥĸԼѾ˺һСҧԼ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷһ£ɻ˵ţ㻹Ǹ
ϻﵱȻǹ쵰˭˵㡣
Ȼңһûжϳء
˰СʱԺҶ޺޵˵ǲԤı˵ģ
ҸоˣҪǿ㻹ɾķϣΪһôʳ𣿡Ҷ·Աոû˵һε˲мһˡ
쵰
Ҫٸ˵һΣҾͰӵ㳡ȥѸ˹ۿһëǮһɣ
Ҷ֪Ҷ϶ܹɵĳոҪˣûһĸ飬øжûУڶΪʲôҪѵһʱĳ嶯𣿿Ϊʲôղôᣬоǡôİأ
Ҷ˵ĻⱲҶ綼벻ͨ飬Ҷעǲ˵ģΪȷʵûһĺøУ֮ҪֻΪ˲ժϵǰˣг嶯ûκεĹϵֻûбҪйء
ڿʼҵˣҵŮˣҲ޶˽Ҫҽˣ顣
Ҷڴͷѩ̣Ҷرϲζһ̲ôţһֺ˵ϢɢϢһ
찡ôϢأѵǷ쵰ողŶڻˣҡҶ籯ķ֣ԼαˣȻǶոջԼ˲޷ƵĺøУĶǻ¶ȴζ޲Ҫ˵޵ĻôҲǺԼŮˣԼ˽
ǱˣһŮ˺һ˲ŮˣһŮ˺һ˲ȥ˽ʱ򣬶ǸȴûκθоʱôǵصصıˡǸŮ˵ı硣
ǸԼȻ㵱м˵ЩͻҪһһúõļʶһ£Ȼֺ˵ĻͿԳڵľסͬʱһһֹ˾ʱҲԿ㵣ܲõְ񡣡
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˵ĶĿһֱסֹ˾ܲãǸ˾жԱ
Ҷ˷ܵҶĸ첲ͺƵģźˮĴ۾Ͱ͵Ŀ
ҶüͷϽСȥ̻ң̻Ҹ̫Զˣﻹ۵С
Ҷĵ˵̻ң̻Ҹ׵Ǻܱ£ǣһ˫С˫ʵĽм䣬ѩ۷󣬿Ŀ֮
ҶһøСͷ˵ĵطһ£
Ȼֻһ뷨Ҷûʲôİãüë˵أΪƭıҪ𣿡
Ҷ˵ǻ׼ȴ϶ô˵ֲǸ鳣
Ҷû˵ʲôֻǲԼ岻̢СʪɾķԼȵ壬Ұ˺ҩСҰè
ҶصϵʱҶСѾ˯ˣҶƽںϣĿųȥ˷ɽׯӭӵ׼һҶĳ̾;С
Ҷ˶ȼٴɽĻǰҶС˹۾ڻ߽˸ûʵĻһ
˺ܶ࣬Ӱ˲٣ҿź;ֹһˣӦöǴ˵еνɹʿɡ
ĳҶҶСǵһμˣЩΪȻǲΪȻ˼ҶǲмһˣЩ˿˧Ů۾ʱһǷۣûм˻ֵܱ
Сãʿȱ𣿡һ˴żưûпҶһ߹ҶСڨ
ҶСüͷôΪǵˣҶû˵ľüͷҲ˵ԲܣϰĿˡ
ݣϰţȰҲʲôطʡϰǸȴʲôǣ𣿡Աߵ˽˵
˵һЦû˵ԱЩ˵鶼˵߲ƣ鷳ˣ
ʲôأү
Цͽɴ¥ֺϴű־ЦݣЦһһȣãʺͺĽɫ
ɣҪ̫װװûкô֪֪Сүֲſ°ŵĺܡ
Ц͵Цһ˵Сӣƾ㣬ôţְˣҲ˵ˣӳȥʲô
ʱԶԶͻȻ䴫˾ܿ͵˻ſڣһʮһˣʲôԱ̵˰֮Ķһڣɱڡ
үָ˰ɣܶ࣬ȥǣܸ·ҪȻķŰɡ
Цó˵绰ûдүԹ˵Ĵ˸绰ɫѿүǰ˶Ц̬
ôˣҶʵЦıѿ϶Ƿʲô¶
ЦҶҡҡͷֻ˵û¶ҶԼͦɵģǷõ飬ЦҲô˵ǰ˵ǻеء
Ҷļ˵¶ɡ漴˸绰ʮӣ̾ɷ˵˸ڣݺݵİЩʰһͨ˼ͷͷ
ЩҳӵŻˣϽɢȥܺү˶鲻Ҫ绰ָˣɶû˭Ҫɾ˭
595Ҿ
̾˳ˣֻɵСҶ߱Цͽ벻ҶڶôţˣЩеĸоһʱ̫׽ͻʵ
Сڿ̫ţˣôİЦҶļ죬ҪҶĻ鲻ǳĲ죬ܻܴᷢͻʧܴ
Ҷûлشֻʣô¶ǰӼһʲôҾǿɲǴûа̵֮ˣʲô¶
ЦһɫʱЩûʲôǸδǺܴղҴӰæͷѵһͨæȻҲûа
ǰɣδλţ˰Ҷ֪ʲôʱ͹ĵһδأǰҲУҲû¶
ǺүһʱĳϵĴӡһ˵үӣЦԽˡ
үǾô¶ҶõЩϢֻһЩĶôţᷢ
ʱѾ߽˻ķ䣬̾սʿţ֮󣬳Ц̾˿˵Ǹģ˭˵徿˭µ֣״ܲң۹һҲикܶ඼ǹٳ̳պˡ
Цһڲ裬˵ķо߲ŭ˭ɵģ¶̫ӣĻˣҪҵĻٷ֮һ򶼲к³
ҶЦˣҵĶշҪǻļʱ˳ʲôʣءߣƽƼңһ޷ѵϵ
˵⣬˾Ͷ̸ʱ飬ҶһЦͽҲǾþһƵģͬºѩʵ˵Ĳͬ
ûмֶ˵ҲûбҪ˵̫ǰѻתƵڵ۹ʱϡ
ʱڻûдӲ֮ǰҳ¼ľ޴ӰаѳƽľһƣͺҵǸƽ㣬ĵ۹ľһݣǾң
̫ˣƺǰЩǴδ󶯵ʱ࣬쵳ڲ߰㣬Ǹ̵һܺõĻᣬҪȻĻҲôţˡˣСڼȻ̾ǱɣҿӦúúõȡһ£Ҳǲܵ¶ЦЦ˵˵ʵĽҶǶͬˣ˼Ҿͻôһ㡣
Ҷͷ˵Ҳ˼أһûкǱϣǸҲʧˣ֪ںδҪûлĻҪЩ鷳
鷳ʲô㶼ôߵľκôȨ̾ǳ飬ؼǿ벻ˣҪȡʵǵ۹ĸ߲㣬̵ĸ߲㣬֮Ĳ࣬СأЦҶδźǿҵĺģҪλţĸǶ󵽵϶ôߵλã
˵ɣҪľǰѾʵ˻ٿЩ顣Ҷһڲ裬ĿЦ˵а¸ԽԽˣطĺܲϧ˼ˣĻǾˡ
ҿɲˣǸδ޶رϣǲŮˣ͸ҷ쭣˵ʵ治Ķ֣̫ȥĻŵŭ𡣡
596̬
ҶһЦ˵벻¸Ҳµ˰ѵãѵð
һʱ䣬Ҷվˣʱ䲻ˣһҪţסȥżס
ҶСȻϣҶһסˣúΣΪʶ֪ǸСƢһ򶼲̫ãȻƢҲãǶԷʵʵǵ֣̰ɣ˭ϵǸأܾǴ˵еıӦ
ˣϢɡҶСûаԼͷ¶Լò˵СŮѾ˲٣˺ܶ顣
ҶͷǺãһﱣ㣬¸磬ðһõıסǮҾͲˣҪҲǮ
ЦЦݣͲܲôֱҪҲҪˣæʲôȥæʲôˣһᰲźõģ㾡ܷġ
ҶͷҶСһ£˵˼仰ҴȥŮıӰ˺óʱĴŴ˸ǷǸĶԳЦͽ˵˼¸磬磬ھȥϢˡ
һȻҶСúû͹ǸǶŮˣҲǿгڱ뷨Ҳеģ˭֪ҶǸ̵ļһ˭ҪǸҺŮˣǾ͵ǰԴ˵ϣʱпܸ
ЦͽɸϽҶСȥϢٺַ֮ԸŪ˲ʳʲô˹ȥڱչʱԳԡ
˻ص˻棬ЦϦ̾˿˵ʿգĿ࿴ҶͲǹĿĿĿǻ࿴ˣӣ˵ôأܻôţȣ
˵еĻᣬҶȻĻЩŬҲıȱҪֻ࣬һ˿ѡµԼ֣߶ǴٳѸָ߶ȵء
˺ǲܱȰ
ûҲûãԼأ
˳ĬֻਾƵʱҲϦ£˺ڰͼž֮С
ҶϦ֮ǰҶݿǰ棬ͣó֮뿧ķС㽫ȥ˿Ķ¥ǹ䣬ԱͰ칫ҡ
Ҷ˰칫ңһˣһž;ϲĽе㣬㣬ʲôʱİ
оСӰиؿζ֣ҪҶ֪İһֱȽ࣬ƶΪԼ۾ǲǻˣСӰֿʽ̬רעĿиԡ
˸Ƿ෢۾ԼʪִӸϵë̺óĵ̾˿˵
֮͸ˣҶߵߣԼϣֱԼⷦһõĿӣüǧԪôȸ˸ָŪˮ
濪ʼ裬ر˵ɤһֻûиֻи̾ʵĻ裬Сʤ»飬Ҷоرˣ뿪۹ȥ֮ǰǶӵκһκһζҪ
˾ôţֱѱʼǱûˣ˳׵ĺڰ֮ʱϢģ˵һϴ˸Եԧԡ·һȥ
ܶܶĻ¶ڸղǸĹнˣҶ鶼Ҷݶɽݳһٵصɽ磬ֻصҶݵ棬ССһҶ뿪˿
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Ҷصҹׯ԰ʱѾҹ˲ٵĳԼŰѲĵ¶Ҷοã˯µʱѾǺҹ
Ҷû˯⣬һʮ칦ͻȻһ죬ͷĵ϶һѵĶ
Ҷչ۾߰һĶһҲû׶ЩɶǾͰū˳Ƕʲô
С˺СҲһͷˮҲʶ
ҶЩоþãþͷǵˡ
СֻصҶʮûʲôչǾǬתûһ;һƣԼѾһ硣
죬Ҷ죬ô¶أҶһͷˮԼΪʲôϴβ֪Լôһء
ţôطأҶΣʱôк˯һ
ţţҪٲĻҿɾͲҵˡٺ٣йá
γˣСʣ㲻뵱ţô㵽ҵʲô˰
ҶЦ˵ţǵȻǷˣٺ٣ţ˵˵ôֳأ
㲻ҪңҲ֪ߣˡҪߣҶʶûС˸ϽסˣһȰϳԶŰˣ۵оǲμһսƵģƣ
֮ԻΪʮֹǳ棬ܹÿһܵõһɵĳɵһعڵһ죬ǵʮ죬ڲǰʮ˵ʮ𣿡
˵˸Ƿ˵ԺҪץʱЩŮˣǴӵ֣úͺ˫֮ҾĻĽͻһǧĹ඼Ǹˣܵõֻһٲ֣
ҶЦҶæˣоǴ׮ǲֻĸоãȱĽû˼
У˵⻰ҾͲûиĽٽɽˣ㲻¶ʱ绵˰⻰˵ڶгϬҶֹĿ࿴ĸо⻹ǸѧЩֻء
ÿ˶һɲģˣҲɸ߿ݹǣͳ˻һȻҲıģڱǰı˺ܶ࣬ЩĬãЩ鶯Ҷֱ仯ǺܿϲĪľôо
ҶЦҡͷֱǳֵԽԽˣ֪ʵ̫Σڲϵı仵˵ţԽԽɰˣƤʼԭˣˣģϹҺο
ΰһۣУ˭ϡοοģֲСοӣӵйϽȨȨƿȨƺȨֻʹȨ͹Ȩ߱Ȩѽᣬ󻵵
ȻʶĽҶλԽԽ컵Ϸÿһεʱ䶼ڼӳʽͷȴڲϵĸ±任ζڸʽԷǳ֮ߣҶǸʵ
Ҷ˲֮󣬾ͻص˵۹۾ȴǸ㲻ɽ뿪ķ
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֮ŮʿҰŮʿƥϳ۳Ůʿǰͺ̵սֱס˵ʱ򣬲ڵõĹȣһ̣ǾԼˣȥá
ҲأҶˣûܴصС²˴ݡ
Թ緹ҶȥĻɴգĵصҹҵׯ԰棬ĹԱҹҵԱʵȥѡɴĵطҲԼҵĲҵ֪һ˲Ǻܶ࣬⣬ǶǺҹҰ˸ӴŵɴӰ¥
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ʱ䣬һת۾͵ˣҶĶ񣬾һС
Ƶҹ𣬾ѾӪҵʼΪⳡǰĶ׼ζعԱͶＸˡ
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ǰμӻĿˣͿʼסЩռʣµʱֻܽϸģЩǴ
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ҶʥѩǶһ޶ĶϢͻȻᵽһӸղŻûеϢϢˣȻǱ۾Ҳ֪ϵ㡣
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ҶŪˣ漴ȥղŵļ䣬·֮󣬸Ͻ뿪漴ת
Ҷ벻ǣ֮û¶ãȻɫʮָӵɫոջָѩַϼ̾˿һ䣬߽Աߵһҡ
ૣͻ֪˵ǡСԩҡ֣Թᡣ
ҶҪ֪Լ뿪֮Щһᾪ˯žԼô
Ҷĳ˵治ǸǵģǴģǿʵһ֡
Ҷ߳׼֮ͻȻ䷢ԼȻûʲôطȥֻⲽ˴ǰŨյĵ۹㳡ˣΪĻæµǲ롣
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Ҷ̾˿˵ΨһˣѾʧˣҵҲ֪ʲôط
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Ҷһĭ̾ͱ⿪˶ݵ֮˾͵Ľһ𣬽ʱ˿񻶵ʱ⡣
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Ҷͨ͵ʳԭÿһƵŮһǳ
ҶҶСոʰã뿪Ѿû˵ƫĶͷ״ǵѾʮԷ֡
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߰ɣŲǵȥɡкһ˾Ͷλȥ档
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ҶǰЩһξԺͻȻɢ䵽ɭ֮УԭѾƬֺһƬϿա
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ҶϽ׼۾һգգĶЩӣͬʱʼоɵ˹֮󣬸÷ʲôطȥ
ǸҪܹؼ⣬Ҷ룬Ͱ˳оһ֮ھѹӶ֮ڵĹռ档
Ҷ˺ܾãҲмСʱĹ⾰ЩӾͻȻýһ˲ɷ۰ױõɫΣ
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СϹôͷ㡣ҶСѹӵ£ͳͷʱޱȽ欵ЩС˷Ľǣҡ
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綼˵ĶˣһһοǰʢĴǶԻصԼأæԼȥˣҶҲиԵҪæҪʱһʱ˵ǻֻǸңɼΣ
ܷʵΣ˭ȷеĴ𰸣ܶʱܶ飬ҪʱĴ𰸲У
ΪȱµˣæڶϣڵͳɻˣΪ˱֤İȫҶƱƸȥˣͬʱƱƵǳǿԴ
ҶҲ뿪˽꣬ͬЦｭһȥ侩ͬеĻгκҶСȼˡ
ҶºѩǣѾ˽壬ȥˣʣµЩˣиԵ飬һҹ֮ҲظҸҸ裬ǶõҶĳŵҲ½Ҷûλá
ʵŮ˱Ҫ˲ҶЩŮ˶ԼҪæҲԼҵͰãֻвȱٵǣȴݵȫ
ãҶҲ̫۲˵Ҳʧȥ˺ܶȤζ˵Сʤ»ȵȡ
ɻڸ߿ƽȵķУ͸ϴԿ޻һ̯仯İƣҶԱߣļͷ˯ˣҶӵɢĶ㣬һƬ
ȻҶǸѰˣʵȴͻȻѰ˵ãʲôʲʣʲôȨλǿԳЩʲôأ
ûվȨ۷ȷʵţ棬˶ϢҪʲôʲôǣҪƽֿĸ飬ǿȨѹܻõĶ
Ҷ̾һ˻ſܾעǸìܰɣһ죬ǻ֡
ɣҲΪĲǲŻ׷󣬲ŻзܶƴŬϵĶǰչŻ˵Ѥöˡ
ҲΪΪĶ֧粻ϵĽѤãҲ˸ĶΪʵԼֶΣթݺȵȵȵȣ
಻ֹֹܶܶݣݣް֮ա
Ҷ뵽ԼЩ̫ˣʫˣҲˣûбҪô̡
ʵ򵥵룬˾ҪŬĸãĸӾʣ˶ѣ
ҶƲʷһľ˯⣬ӵųĽ֪硣
607ɽɽ
ɻڴ侩׶ʻҶǸֵͬĻʮֵƣֻĳЩЩССĲͬ
ͣѾгͣӭҶĵһɫɫգվԲʿīɫᣬϻǹ·˶ԶԶƿ֪ⲻһܹǵ
̾ܲӭԱҶӼ𽫵ĸıٽͬʱоֺذֵ˫ϸֳһԾΪʷٶٽͬʱҲʵȨʷϵһˣ
һ˲ôõģҶȻ̾Ҳ̵ԣһӰƵôߣܵԼڸǱزٵĶ
ҶҪĲǸмҲǵ͵̵ʱڰԼְλʵʵڵȨüϿŵٽʵҪ飬Ҳǻر¾õķʽ
Ҷ˳ЩŮ⼸ӵĳͷɢȥһת۵ĹѾȻһھ˺ܶͬʱЩȻʧĸо
ܿ죬Ӿ͵˴侩һľ»أ̾ĴӪ֪ˣɽ˼̾ɽͷ
ﲻԶǺĴӪǽɽɽɽڶӣʱͻᱬĦì˫ÿζʤģıΪÿһȵϾϣʱ˭ԿҪԼû£ֶܹԷ²顣
ҶʱΪ죬ÿһȾݵӣΪϰָ̾ӡ
ָȻҶԼģֲû¶ˣ¾ŵĲ£үӻûɵݶϣ֪ûѧָӣǵðڻͿ
ҶָӵˣЩҶûһʸСᣬȴôߵְλôߵľΣﲻƽ⣬Ȼ˻ᣬҪҶĳˣԶ˼Ҫɨûٺòˡ
ͣܲİ칫¥ǰ棬Ҷ˳վſڵļ֣˴һҽܣǾˣ̾ľˣûֿףһ˵һж˵Уն
ЩӭҶˣǺƽ߼ԵһЩľ٣һ߽˰칫¥˶Ļ档
ûиҶϢʱ䣬Ⱦ̸ݵ⣬Ҷ˼Ļ֮󣬵˵ǵļƻܺã󵨣ֱӾնжɣжɹʰٷ֮һûκεսԡ
һֱ˵ţҲûôİɣ㵱ֽİ⻰ǿû˵ٲҶûκľ¹󣬵ҲҪ˼վŵ˲ǣ͵˵ĶĺˣʲôҲԼΣξݵ̷ָӡ
뵽˶ʾ޳Ҷ뷨ͬʱҲĽϣǣô
ˣҶûгԷɣȥ۹ƵԷҲСۻɣΪ˺ֿɵõʤ
Ҷ˵赭дǼöֱθܴţģûôܴţģţզģ˶̣ҶȴȻ
˵Ҫȥ۹ƵԷ˵Ƕ£Ͼôߵĵطǻûлȥأ̫ߣǵĹȻͣҲҪҺأ治Ǹѡ
ȻҲ˶ûȥѲ̾ҲеǴ͸˼ҵӵܣֻǴҶҪֵ͵ˣϾȥѣһ˵ıݣ
608޴
̾ľǳϸǿɲԽԽɣ߰Žֹ˵ԽԽңȱ̾෴ȶЩֲҲΪ̾һֱٵȴû˭ƣ˺
̾˼ľ٣ʱֻҪǲװֻҪΥ飬ҲܣһΥ˾棬Ͼ·ͥ׼ɣ˭˵鲻ʹ
Ҷ·Ҷոտ˹˹ӳƸɹˮʲôĶУ˵ĿԵɵɡ
ҶеŶȣ綥ѾƣȴüͷڷȹƱ۹ľǲڡ
ȻǸƣȴֻԼȦܣϹ£˭֪˭ʲô˰Сĵ㲻ľ̸֮ԭ
Ҷóһʥѩѳϣǵ˶ξ֮У˭ûųҪһҶҲǳһһȻкܶ࣬Ǽܲס󣬶ŵҲ٣Ƕٰ
֪Ѿ˰ʱ֣侩Ľͨ״ãڽ⻹Уһ̾Ͷµ߰㣬˵˹˹ǻ·ϣҲֻŲʲôʱܳͨ裬ǾҪ˵ˡ
Ҷǵô³µر˾˵ĩؼҳеر࣬ԲŻôӵ¡
ڣڳһط˸·ʱ״ڽȻǲˣ·ϵĳ࣬ٶҲ첻ˡ
ＱӵˣͿʼˣҶǲһĺãǲŲæĳ̺Ⱦƣߵļ˳Ϻģòֺ
ͻȻһ죬˹˹ȻǰһӣŪöᣬҶľƶˣѿŪʪˣеѩѸǴ˳ϣѳһ
ô¶Ҷˣǰ˾˵ϰ壬һžƵĺײһ£ء
Ҷû˵ļ˲ˣԵĿ϶ǺǰɵģŹ˶Ϊ۹û˸أøɫùյԺ󳤳
ģⲻͨĳ𣿡ҶԱߵһıֵĵǴ侩ˣڱյ˲˵壬Ҳ඼˵һ
ͨ޴٣ѹôأԭһﰡҶҲ˵ˣֻʶԷԷʶǸʱҶһûУһСˡ
ͨ˳޴٣Ǻ쵳үӵСӣһŮԼҲǺ൶ֲӵͷӣǺ֮ΨһܺƮƮСᲢ۵ı뺷ڣиţ޴ѹСһͷ
̾Щ˿ɲʲô޴ҪǸģ̾Ҳ˽ƾľһӺݾ;̾ˣֵûǸ֡
Ҷȴû³ҲҪԼ³ĻôȫЩˣûбҪˣǣʮ˶ǳԹƵĵҩģҪУҲʵ̫Щء
Ǳߣ޴Ҳû³ҶЩһֱԱߵİԱ˹ȥ޴չ˽ⲫЩȻҲһˣ϶ǾģҶ˿ƽ֡
̾Щ˷ûˣͿʼô޴ĺյĳôҪǶһ޴˵ȥˣʵϣǻʹ򲻹ͨһˡ
609λ
ͨȻҲǾģһʲôĹȻҶ̫࣬ǺСɵֵ£Ǹ֡
Ҷͨһ־֪ԼЩͬŲǶ֣ʹ˼Ϣǵϣ̷˾תͨΪԼʤȯգȴͻȻ˼һ͵ļΧŹǱûһ͹˲ʡ
ŭͨҪʹԼľУɾʱһŰװ˴ӳһ֣ͽ˫ֿһѽӽ˳Ŀһ˹˹Ҷźﳤȥ
ҶЦһѾ˵ֽţҪʲôˣʲôˡ
ҶڱҪֺԼʵԲɱˣҪǰЩʱյӣֱӾͰһɵնݳ󻼡
˳ǰУΧ۵˱Ͳ࣬ǻҶɵ뿪һ·λڴ侩ĵĵ۹Ƶꡣ
һƵţţȣλþһڴ侩ĽֵҲеߵλã찲㳡ԱߣΨһһƵǵ۹Ƶ꣬ʹ͵ı־ҹɫԣƻԻ͵ĵ۹ƵǶ侩ĵһ飬ʶĿ
ͬ۹ƵĻԻͱԱߵĻʹƵʯƵ궼ȻʧɫȻƵλúͱҲʮֵţ档
Ҷǵ۹ƵĹɷݳߣҲǽҹ͸үССȻɷݲ࣬ǳҹ֮⣬һоƵɷݵˡ
һҶ˹˹Ƶܾ̾͹ӭӣĴ˵ʵֻмĴУҶҲҹδ˵⣬ΪҲ˴
Ҷ˳ЩͬǶͶ˼־ηԽԽʶλ¹ıʵ̫ţˣǸûȡ
ǵģҪбȽϣŻԼλúͷϾٹʮ꣬ҲδҶڵִãΣ֮Ǹʵ˲ܺʵԼõ
үѾ׼ˣ롣þǸŮˣú㣬ʺܺãҶĵһӡ󲻴ǵúǶ죬Ůֳ֯ĹȻܹϲ¥Ϊ߲һԱ
Ҷĵ˵ͷһʾǰ·Ҷĵ̬ȣλŮһ˿ĲʵҲΪλߵ̬ȻλߣֻǸͻȻ¹
ܺܶעӵĿ⣬Ҷֲſѩѣڵ߹˴ڲʶ̫ˣǿֱˣӡʮֵ̣Ȼ֪ǽҹҵ׼үһȽȽĵ۹ǡ
ҶڵЩŵ˼ڵϿŲ̫һҪ˵ͣڸͣζܶŮ˶һ̿˵ϾȻôôʵˣֱǴ˵еħĻߣﶼгɢļн˫ȣˮ̡
ⲻǿŵ鹹ЩŮܹ˿ͻƮƮһЩҲŮ˿ͻƶˣǲʲôħֻЩ˻Ů̫ḻʵǳɧʡ
һ̣ҶߵͬǾЩ鸴ȾøλԼйʣ־λڣԼѾӵ΢ã
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Ҷ׼Ĺڵ۹Ƶĸ߲㣬ԸǵҹȻеȫжҰ֮УԶֶúܶ˵ĶȤζõͷš
ҶȻҲЩȤζŮ̫ˣûһѰŮӣ붼ʴӱòˣһŮˣȻǹʲôȤ˵￴ȥܿŮ˶˵û׼Ҫǿһһ̫θˡ
Ҷ˶æЩͬžǰЩ£Դӽ̾Ժͱ۵ģ˵ĻᣬȻǶŹ
۹ƵܣǾƵǸߵԢһ滹ǺܶУƩ˵۹ѧ͵۹ѧԺ͵۹ŮӴѧᣬŮᣬȻ඼Ŵô©֮㣬ļֱ̿ˮͲûоˡ
Ҷ̣ͷŷչ飬ֻͻȻƱƵĺվһ˶Щ꣬λŮôʧˣͺܶĪʧһ֪ȥʲôط
ܶʧĿֻţһֱڵ۹Ͽգֻоˣ֪ô¶ǸˣǾˣҲ׵׷ʲôҶĺܶܶ࣬Ҳ֪һֵ飬࣬ԼǸңԶ
˿ʾһİĵ绰룬Ҷüͷ绰ǱǳĬ룬Ȼһ硣
Ҷͷվߵ˸ڵķӣûӵǳвɵõ
ǱֳĬһҵĴϢһӣ˵磬ҪˣҪסϻᣬϻѾжˡ
ţཱུҶ˵绰վڴںһɫصתͷĬĬĳ˼ָ̣˵ɫߵ˿
ѾζȣҶкһߺȾһ߳ԺһСʱҶǰźŮ˺ͷ䣬뿪˾Ƶ꣬ȥλڳбĴ侩԰
侩԰ҹҿĸߵڱشһƬ뿪һСҹׯ԰
Ҷҹׯ԰ʱæһŮص룬ѾԹӾҲУˮͱģ˵˴˵塣
֮ǿ飬Ҷżȵĺҹûа˯⣬üŻڵŻӵ䡣
Ǹĵ绰룬ҶѾ˲ǲǸûеǼݵĵ绰룬ûʹã޴Ӳ
Ҷ̾˿˲ֵ죬Ǹ޴ĸ̨Ǹ˴죬Ǹã磬ﻹôļž
Ҷվڸ̨ϣŸ̨ϵЩͼ֣һľЩͼŷǳ̵İ壬źǣ
γˣŵ·ĻСĸüģ˵Ҫô꣬ҾûӸûʲô¶ֻЩС鷳ˡ
ҶͷСɻʵô֪أʱĻǲǸʵĴڣһĻΣܶ¶ĺӣǻһԼԼһֻϵһο塣
ҲһΣʵڵˣˣϹĥˡЩССԹʵףʵǵģֻǸһõΡ
611
ʵЩʱЩ飬Ҳô֪ˣŮ˵ֱɡκҶ˸̨ıϣһ˫޳ѩ۵ȣ¿ɰСѾ˵
Ů˵ֱҶЦҡҡҡͷ̾˿˵Ů˵ֱһֺܿµĶ
͵Цһĺٿôʱ벻㾹ȻҲôƸеһ棬갡
Ҷ̲סЦ˵СӣЦ˵Ҳ֪ѧЩֻõĲѧŪЩ߰Ķ
ҶᱧԼϣһɰСર˵СӵͿ𰡣벻ôС˵ôĻء
η˷ۣ˵˼ҵҲûЩС˵𰡣ЩС˵춼˰ɣ
ҶĴȹ棬Ц˵ҳСӵСǲǶô˵ţ˸̨ϣľ͸ȥƷ
Ե˼£Ȼȥˣʵϲ۰ĸо˿ʱ⣬۲ĸоԼһŮˣһҸСŮˡ
ղһ֮ξͺҶȥҶϴβժ޹飬ζ֪ȷǾ޹ȷΪʲôЩҩ޹ȴûκεãɳ˯
ͻȻԼСţȻ֪ˣ֪ˣмֶûιǣѹǲˣ޹ֻҩӣҩûгء
ҶϽʵţʲôȻЩҩ̣ϣܹҲѶ̵˼ǵϡ
ָŽµ˵һ㣬ʯͷʯ㣬һֱԭϡ
Ҷ˵Ѿڽ˺ĵ˰ʲôҲûҵʱȴһʯͷһڶĻζĿǰСƨš˵СӣǲˣƭϹˣ
ίԼСƨᣬ˭ƭˣļòã˼ҵĻû˵꣬ͽ˺ֶںӱˮǳĵطء
ҶϽСƨ˼˼ڣŰССЦˣʵ˾ˣǹ̬ȶ㲻
˼ǰһƬĮУΣ˵һֳӣ棬ֺԲԲһɫк֣ܶҪҵǺͲʺһɫ棬ɫɫɫͰɫ棬ҪСһ㣬ɫĳӶ꣬ǿȴδǵĶ֣Ҫ﷭˴˾Ͷˡ
İɣһСĽˣ㻹𣿡ҶӦһͺ˿ʼѰ档
һѰңһ߸ҶʲôĵطŻ棬׽ķעʲôѧʣ׽飬һּܸߵѧʣ֪ˣܹҵӣҲӳԵҲЩˡ
ҶԶһɳʯ״УԲ׶εɳʯѶϻһСӣ֪ĶѨС˹ȥóԼǰѾΥĶìĴǸСӵ̽˽ȥ
ҶоԼ̽һеԵĶ֪棬ȻʱĽһ£Ȼһᣬʱһɫʰ쵵Բڶìļˣ˳
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ôǻأҶɻĿ棬ͻȻκ㿪޳棡
ҶʱǸ쵵ѾͻȻ䱬һɫ֭ҺѾһı¡
ʱγǰһ£׷˳ȥȴ̶ⱻͼ巢ηһƺߣȻȼɳŤ鴤תۼͱһޱȳĻӡ
Ǹ޳ʧˣֻʣôһӣӵʹĺε
ҶɵˣԺһƬհףӣ̫˫۾ᣬεѾªĵĳӣΪ˾
Ҷ벻ֹѪᷢԼϣķʱԼͷһִûйıԼûá
ᣬֹͣʹߣĿһҶתĮȥҶͷͻȻһᣬˮӷԼĿռ˵ţһȥģǱ䲻ȥҲ㣬һ㡣
û˵ֻصĿޣ޵ʮֵģֺʮֵҸۡ
ҶôܽȥҲֻ֪ô˸е뿪죬ѰЩܹҩԭϵ鶼ûˣҪΪǣôأ
˫У⻰һ㶼û߻ûаѻӵַ飬Ҷ֪
Ȼĵ¶٣ҪҶڶ쿪ʼæŹ˾飬ææµµһתۼȥڶ̾ͺľݣɿʱ䶼ûУս
ݹȻǾݣʵҲǸսΨһսͬǣݵʱһ㲻ˣ˷⣡
̾ͺľݣȴÿζᷢ⣬һ˵ÿξݶʮ˸ˣңֺǰ;беè壬ֻҪǲɵˣܲ³һ
ҶԲʾװװãкһԼǸͨʿɵСӣͳˡ
ָܸһսЩʿĶ־δйİǳ˳˵ط֮ͿʼС
̾ʿʶʮֵĹӲһ޷ɱȣҪǸƽʱѵԼʳйϵҶϹԼϢ֮Ǿ͸ӵʶ˺ܶ౶ȻҲѸ˺ܶ౶
ҶʮʿԳ벻·ߵ˺ָӲڶԷոչƵʱ򣬾һٶ˵ǵĴӪ
ԶʮֻڶǹڣָӲ˶ɵˣΪԼأֱҶһ߽ŰЦЦŻȻԭⲻΣһʵ
Ҷһ¼Ǿٵ̵ʱڽһոտʼСʱϰһϰ̾޵أҶҲһھгȻĹɷ֡
ҶԼŵԣ̾ڲ˶ʱٷųȻҲЩţһ춨صĵλܻ˲ò˵ҶСǸ˲ţ
ֹ˲ţǸ˲أ̾а룬õϲ񣬵òȻʧ̾
˶̸ҶʱҶȴѾȥæŶŵȥˡ
613¾Ŷ
Ŷ̵ʱŵĹԵ۹ѧĴѧԺڲԱҲţĸУ͵۹һĴѧԱĽ̶Ⱥ˵ѾǴ˻ĵ۹ҵʷȺӣƽѧߣƽС
ңŶŵƽнҲʷߣȻˣѹҲʷߡ
Ŷܹ֮ô˲žۼԼ£нʣҪҶ˵ĺԼŵǿ󱳾ⱳҶĶϣ˾Ѿˣһ˵ҶļŹ˾ѾԾԾԡ
ǧҪСۻżǿһټǿ˷ָıźĴһѪڵĿŮľ߲ϣԼ˾ůĹ˾ĻŶҪûǿĺ͹¡
ŶųʼǿͷչΪۺ񱳾ǿ󣬱ļ˶飬ŶżϾͿԵŶų֮󣬼漰ľͷǶܵ˾޴в
⻹㣬ŶŻͺܶļųҵˣЩŶҶЩŮ˼Ĳҵֹϵļӹ̣ʹЩβƣЩжļźܿͳ˿ͷòҲ֮Կ
ǣĵ۹ӿԽԽ
ʱҴҵţһתۼ䣬͵˶졣
峿ҶɪѾããһƬ覵İɫڶɫ
š
һ˫ѩ۵ȴϣͬʱһ˫ɢ۲ĲϣСѰĴ
ҶСһͨ̾˿Ҫ˯ȴҶͻȻһһŴǡ
¡ѩˡ
һҶϳ۳ңһ߿磬϶˵һ˫СֺҶʮָۣ裬Ȼȴɣһ˵ͼ
֮ϵ˶Ūˣ׷Χ˵Ա󣬵ȵ˵ʱǾǰͺ̵ˣ˳սһͿصһһȻǵ˷ǳࡣ
ĳ֮Ҷͺݹһȥ緹ڳ緹ʱֻͻȻҶֻһһİĺ룬ʱһ㶣ͷһ˵绰
磬ҡӡ
ҶȻһվߵ̨ϣѸٵĽ׼õ򿪣ʵӣ㾿ʲôطأ
֪ǡʲôطҡҺ䡣Сġϻᡣġǧ档ཡཡ
绰ֶˣҶѾ鵽绰ԴȻʡľڣǳĵط
ҶٰǸΧСȵķԭﾹȻԼϼҡ壡
Ҷǳ⣬Ůкͳȥˣһ̣ѾԱߵɽ
Ҷǰǿ޴ʯͷղǸźŵĵطӦþʯͷΧ
ﲢûʲôֹļҶʯͷ˺üȦͣ˽ŲŲ˴ʯͷһڡ
ҶΣǵһηﾹȻиڣҿӦûǳףʲô壬һӶðҶֳȥһ£𾪵ķԼ־ȻסˣҲһĴʹ˵ˡ
614º֮
ҶԥĽضȴı壬ǺˮСҶǸڻͽȥ̽̽ס
һҶû⣬ԼҲ˵ض棬أ׼ȷ˵Ǳѩء
Ҷ벻ܶ࣬ˣô벻Լסô߹εɽ棬Ȼһѩء
Ǹڣһռڣ˽ȥһռ䡣
ѩＸһӦеһУΨǿˣĻȴǳ࣬һкֲܶһЩܹڱѩϡƷ֡
ѩصǰһĴ̣ĸо覵İɫĶˣҶĺһµĿо
ҶǵģüͷԼʶչ£ټһ
ҶȻıѩɳۣط޴󣬷Բˣ˱߼ʣܶǷĺҶǱŲԤ֪Σգ÷ȥһ£ֳĺȻǻ˵ľԡ
ҪĻҶԸðž޴ΣսȥѰңڶ֪ʲôطأûбҪȥðΣգɡ
ҶַصƬص½ƸӵĵطϸϸѰңȴһѡʱ뿪ȴһϵ
ҶʵҲȥǺп÷ôأͷȥһʵһĶӽȥ
ҶѾܾöûлؼˣص˴ԼļУ̵ķã̾˿һȻȥ
Ժ죬ҶûٽӵţȴѾһƿܵĶȥɽǸطӵ˺У̽Ρ
ʮּ͵ĽɣҶַݺݵ˼飬ԷǳĽʵûʲôɱգʲô¡
ܽ˺֮Ժ󣬾αҶӰԭǺ֮г˺ɫȻһЩϸСһЩССķɳ档
ЩɳҶرϤʱ벻ʲôطüͷ˺ܾãͻȻһ֣ˣڵزشϿ￴ǳĶ࣬ڴϿϿյڡ
ķɳڻĵ۹ˣ˵һЩʲôأһЩ飬Ҷܷ˼ԽԽã۹ͷĳ̶ֳϵϵֻʱ͸벻ͨ
ҶÿץһЩɳ棬Ȼ裬Ƭѩصı߼ʣصĲ棬ԭһƬأܺǵһ룬ɻ״ǲ˷״Ŀնкܶͷ׵ѣеĻ䶯龰źˣ
ҶЩЩϳЩʲôѣǶڡμǡпѪѡ
Ѫɲǵ۹ּ棬һʮֿµ̫֣ѱɳ֮󣬾κεĵط棬ֻҪĶͻԥȺϣѪҺ󲿷֣ȴһһ־۸ʲôˣһµجΡ
ҶЩѪɱĻһЩѶ˳ӣɱҲǳˣǸʱѪѾܲױױɱǵ֮ǿԶԶܱ⡪ǻѵʱ˵ͲǺѵ顣
615
ɱѪ棬Ҫ嶾ɢҩҪҶƣռĶǳ࣬ҩﲢһôѵ飬ֻǱȽϺķʱ䡣
Ҷ²˳٣ҲӣҲҪݺ˼䣬㲻ʼٸߣֹĻȴûôȥҲǳˡ
Ҷ±˶ԼֻۣԼĸֻҪԼĹȥ˰˵ʲô˵ʲô˶ѡ
ҶȡЩûõǬľҸطһϺһ󷨣ó˸ϣĵ
ƵҩⶫǿЦƵĹУҪϸĿƺøԭϵķͻ򣬷򲻵Ʋõĵҩ߻𵽷ЧҪˣȴܷܿ˸ˡ
嶾ɢҩֵҩƣҩǾ޶ޱȵĵҩƵĹлᷢըһҪǸըĻҶΪҲ˵ȫˡ
ûвˣûвƵĽ֮ԲƣֻΪûǣҶҩ˳ɾĿǣЩֲֹܲûа취÷ɣˣҲʧЩܱȶСҪǿöࡣ
Ҷһԭ𣬰Ǭľ˻СĽĽԭϰһıŽ˶Уʼơ
һð̣һðǴͲѤõýټҶĶʮֵ죬ˮһֶΣǳйԡ
κپʵıݣҲȱڵͣҶҲעֻԼĻĬĬš
͵һ죬ǬľðһҶһԭϰˮɳ붦У˼£죬С߲ʵĵҩڵתݡ
ҶһСĵҩװ׼õĺ棬ˮСˢһ£ʼƵڶֵҩ嶾ɢ
嶾ɢԳ˵Ѷϵ󣬶ҶԷǳĴ󣬲СĵĻ׳⡣
ҶԼܲһ㻤֣һ󷨣ſʼ嶾ɢ
嶾ɢⵤҩϾ뵽ֵҩֶƶɣʵֵҩʱ򣬿ɲֶֻмʮֶЩԭϣС˿ŵ˯ž
ҶĵӴ󣬲˯žҲǲΪӪ쳣СģڽֵҩɣȴѾ˽Сʱʱ䡣
ҩһҶĨһѶͷϵĺ̾˿ģǹҪˣУЪһ
ҶǶ۾Сһȴ۾ʱȴɫѾɾԲֻһͳֻʱ䣬Ѿ˯˺üСʱ
Ҷ˸ǷˮǬľˢһ£˷ʼһֵҩҩ
ҩҪԭĲݣֲݱûκεΣԣҪǺͶһ𣬾ܽԷŴǧ򱶣ҪԭܹⶾĻôֹЧҲᱻĲݷŴǧ򱶡
֮ĲݾһֿԷŴԭԵǿ߻òĲݣҲҲڶܹӵôǿ߻ŴõĶ
ҶȽһĲݷǬľڻȻһһֵĲϷŵУÿһֲϣҪ϶һСֱûܷһֲϣҪȻĻԤϣ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô顣
616Ѫ
ҶҩãѾǼСʱԺ飬죬Ѿҹʱ֡
ҹͰҶ岻Ϊҹܷŵ˺УҶֵҩܴϣȥƬصѪѵΰ
ȻǽƳɵģַǳ棬һĽϷʽķʽһŽƳһ壬ȻûҶĿ£ȴһ˸Ҫ񣬶廹ޱȵǿҪ˵ɲһ򵥵顣
Ķų˵ص£貶ĿѪѷĹâҶЩѣúԭĲһˣЩѺɫһЩͬʱ䶯ķҲ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˵ڳɳ
Ҷҿӷֵ磬ҪȻЩĿأֵܽҩڻһͰˮ棬˺һȻ緢˳ȥ
ܵĶʮֵѸݣգ۵ĹͰеĳѶҩˮ֨֨ڶҩˮڷɿĸʴѵͬʱ³һڻ𣬶ʱЩѾסĳ泲ͱһƬ𺣣ȼ
֮ʷĽڶͬʱžžͣǳ鷢
Ѿ㵽Զ￴֣Ҷͨ۾﷢飬ʮС
ͻȻ֮зһ춯صŭ𣬽ţһȻӳ泲֮˳
Ȼ϶ǻ𣬵Ҳܿúһӣȴۼ׳㣬Դϻһ˫ǣĵ۾ݺݵĿܣֻһצȥͽĳ˲зϣ޷ˡ
Ҷͷһ֪Ҫ鷳ˣ泲ﾹȻһֻѪ
Ѫ򵥵˵ѪȣѪѪһɵģȻѾʮֵϸСʵѪԵͬѪȫһ£Ѫ涼Ѫ
Ѫһ֣Ҷ֪¶ˣȻôһһ˳Ѫһ̺ɱӣһҪ뿪ǿ˴ֲ֮ܽУֻнĵں档
ѪŭһȻһſڽ˻𺣵ĳ泲̽˸Уһ֮ȴַɵ˸ղų泲ڵĵطһ޴İ̾棬ŵϴĶڲͣĲĻڶͣ䶯
ҶѪĶӣͻȻвѪԼľѪѪ棬ѪҪǸĻһѪǿõѪѪаٷ֮ʮϵļʻѪ
ҶÿܹͨԼĹ䵽Ṉ̀ϣͬʱìǬľҲɱͷѪ
ѸٵĻָжͬʱǣһѾͷѪϣһìʹüĴһСȴţֻҪǴ̵ףܽƣӶɱ
ҪôɱĻҲ˻̫ʮ֮һˣһìմ˲޴磬һޱӴݺݵײܵìϣ嵽ϣʱ׷˳ȥìҲˣ֪ʲôطȥˣ
ܷɳԶ˳ȥʱѪשͬ籩Ѫӭͷȥǰͺ̣ɱޱߣȴҲֻŭ𣬲˵ֺ
617¼
Ҷָ֣ܽѪҪĿ껹üġ
ѪȻǸԼǰצԼüģǰצϵľ޴Ǵ̿ԵסκεĹޱȣǽղ
ҶЩУֻܰѴҲ˳ȥȴֻܳԵĴӣȻʮֱ뺷ƻһֻüĵǰצϣͿʼ͵ð̣ȻǰצͻˮˮѸٵĽĵطҲˮ춯صĲҽУޱȾ˵ٶڻգ۵Ĺ򣬸ղŻôӴͻһ߹ͷӣɭɭİ׹˿ŶҪһ޳
Ҷסˣû뵽սôģ˲ִٺͲ˼飬ǸӺЩֻصŻǺͮͮԵʮζҪĿã˭뵽ⶫȻôĹأ
˵˲ò࣬ʵⶫһҲǲòģһֱ˵ĴӣҪǸղҶͶҽ˳ȥĻôڣ϶һΣǸӵ䣬пԶ˷֡
һҲҪԼ˷ԼҲ֮ǷǳҪ鰡
ҶͷһӺ˼룬Ǹ޴ĹͷӣЩϧǾܽ俸˵Χо˺һӹͷӵ͸¶ҵһӡ
ĵɢŶ˵㣬ֱ壬ŮǶ˵ļָһ
Ҷŷȥо˺һӵԼĿռ棬ͷҲ˽ȥռҪ˵һֱڲϵıԵ̫տˣû¶öЩǺúõĸ㽨С
Ҷ˸ǷַŽȥεһֱ£ǲҲоͷеĻǸʲôĵط
֮£оͷһƬޱ޼ʵĺɫ󺣣Ǵ󺣵ɫҶЩļ£ĪĸоĻš
Ҷ־ĶѾԽԽˣɫĴĸо˵𺳵ĳ̶ȡ
ԾˮУҶһʶڿϣоһӳǵĺⴵ˸䣬ͬʱᵽһŨصֻѪŻᷢζŵ
ϸһҶеľ⺣ˮǺɫģʵΪ̫Ũ̫ְŸ˺ɫʵ⺣ˮǰɫģѪһɫޱŨҵѪ
ҶԺͻȻһʻ㣺Ѫ
ǣޱѪҲûҶľ֪Լµʲô֮ʮֵĲǾҪرµ鷢ָо˺ܾúܾǰСӵʱҹһ˿Ƭŵü֮ǰָо
˿̣Щ̫ˣ
ûκεֻ޾ĺˮǱҲǧȴûпκεǺԽԽأζԽԽŨеĲԽԽǿңǲõ飬ƺʱпͻȻ䱬
ͻȻˮ޷ĹǺ죬žëȻܲûиоǴﴫݸҶĿ־壬ȴټ̽գҪ̼Щܲ˵Ϸ
ǣЩ鲢Ը˵־ΪתƵģҶҪ뿪Ҫʱ𾪵ķ֣ѾʶҲܵϣ޷룬ʶҲܿƵĺϵʶһ벻ȥҲ벻ȥҲܣ
־壬糱ˮ㴵ҶЩϢ
618
ĿֲͷӺˮͻȻ֣ﶼָëȻҶ
ЩȻĳҶǳҶʶȥֻҶʶܵʶѾ޷룬Ҫˡ
ҶȻһЩͷŵֻôͷУȷʵҲܲã
ҶȻ佫ԼȫĹһ˲䶼Ͷ뵽ܵϣ¡һ춯صľ죬ѩضڴǸѾըˣӣһ˲ľ޴ѾѷԲһж촷ۣҪ˵Щͷʲôˣˮ˲䶼ʧޱ޼ʵĴгһ޴ޱȵĿնܵĺˮӿ˽ȥγһޱȾ޴С
ѩһ˲ͻȻѣ֮УҶҲӦ͸ޱǿУͿյ壬Χֶ֮£ʹԲ˵ûһȻĻ˹ȥ
Ҷʱһ۾ͿһϤıӰ̾ϲĽеӣ
ӰתЦ˵磬ˣľǻӣһ裬ݵҶǰȴҶסЩɲˮŪˣűĴͬʱ۾Ҳ
һ˲ŷֿҶЩ˼һ˱һ˿ޱӣʵڲһôٵ飬ôûо
Ҷע⵽һǵϷŵźǽдŵǸ֣Ѿ˵һС
ӣôǵ绰ô¶ҶŲ裬ԼֵܣޱȵĿġ
һ⣬ʱ̾˿˵磬ǲ˵ģЩǵҵ˵ģȴûа취ֹǣֻĿµ壬ҲŪط磬㣡
Ҷҡͷļͷ˵Ҫ˵ĻԲҲҶԲ㡣˵ʵ¶Ϊǲá
ȴûгʲôɫҡͷ˵磬Ǽϣһֱûй㣬鶼ԸûиûУǿȴǰˣ磬Ҳȥˣ
ӵɫʮֵǸΣҶȴЦӣϾûоԵ飬ҲδؾͳȥﵽʲôطЩʲôأ
죬Щ˶ǳϻˣǸϻͷ
Ҷ֪ҪһʲôǳϻᣬʲôǸϻᣬȴҶ˵벻겻ɢ죬ôû˵طأ
һŴ˵ļ˳ϻĿԱǴ̫ʱһֱڵķˣҲǡƿ˴ӣҶע⵽ⴰ滹һ㴰ɴȻǳıȴֲɹƵĸоһ󷨣
ϻץʲôѵǶʲôв𣿡Ҷ˴淢Ļӡ
˵֮϶ʲôĿģֻʱ벻
Ҷһû˵ĬĬĺŲ裬ҲĬˣʱЩơ
ҶͻȻһȭͬĴɴãǸʮֵĴ;ڣһŪƣʮȱͶȡ
ҶʩʩȻ棬ĺһʵĿ滹ŵĻ˵ߣû˼
ӵͷ˳ѾܾûкʵĿˣʮ̰µĿɵĿ
619ƿڴ
ӣˣҶǰ治Զɽǰǰ治ԶһƬĺˮģﻨ㣬ڲݵ߻СɲܹӰ
Ҷ˸ǷҲҡͷ˵֪м˰ɣǲ֪ôȻһֱǸţżŻܵ˷ųȥŷŷ磬һ¡
ûĥ㣿Ҷ˸Ƿ˫Ժ󣬿ĵӡ
ȴҶ۾￴һĨ⣬ǵԼСʱ۸ʱ򣬶Ҳı飬Ȼͻ˵ùδй⡣
أ᲻⣿
ҡͷûУźû˼벻Ǹ󷨾ȻһҪ֪ĻҺα浱ɵأ
Ҷ˵ΪǲǿȴСһԼĹȻʱЩѾתʮķѸٵߡ
һһ£ٸһЩǲлЩϻ˶Ҳ֪ڵĻܲĻô˵һ仰ǣӣ²˵ʲô
ҶЦĿһ飬֪һûʲôûҡҡͷʾ֪Ҳȷʵǲ֪
˵Ļǣϻᣬҡ˸ڵģǶǹݵͷ˵衣
Ҷиʶһ鲢ïٴ˽һСʱӶɵˣ벻羹ȻôţأһͷȻһشʶĶûУʵ̫вˣ
а̾һڲŷ֣ԭͶĲֹԭһ㰡˵ˮƽһͿͲͬһˮƽϡ
˵ҶǸ˵ĴʦôԼѧͽЩǿ
ҶˬˣҲͷˬˣôãǵһθоˬأȻ˵ĲҶǳ˿ڶ
֮Ҷ˵ҲûӵģûҪϿߣҰζԣӶˡ
ҲԴﾻˣȻûаܲζÿԼⶼǺպóԻǽƺóˣ
߰ɣ磬ȥǱߣǱߵĺܶöأϵʲôУúõŪЩԵģϧûмһϣҪȻˡӲЩźʵĳЩǶ˵ҲǸء
Ҷ˵˭˵ûаʲôУһǰֵĶϣúõһӣһҪԺʹ˲УҪ粻أ
̫ˣ̫ˣˡӸ˼ˣòͣʿˮɿıƬˮ˺ϣһԾˮ¶ͷʱѾˮһ㣬һꡣ
Ӱ˰ߵ£ˮǱҶѾ棬һŪһѵĶڴԱߵʯͷʰ
ԼһСʱԺҶͻѾڴʯͷĳԺ˵ζζɢڶ˵ƣ֮˴ѡ
˳ԵˬأԶһȺˣźɫŻµ·ɱڡ
˵߲߲Щ˿ɲ֮ȻͲʲôˣҶɨȺһۣ붯Ļʹ˸ɫ˵ӣöƾ⼸Сɫأ
˵ö찡ô˻ģǲ죬˳׺Ͽɡ
620´ը
Сӣ򣡡
ѣ߻ħҪ󣬶С˵ˣСѾͦ
ԣӺòƵһ¯ӵҪյĸˣӸû꣬եͣҲҪҵĵҩ
һȺĿͷӣһıһףмǲмˣмҲ档
ҶоȫĲдƷ۵ҪȻôôɶأ
ҶһӽԼĿռ໵һУһҡΣͱ˶صľˣͬʱе˳ȥְԼķͿܶٻ˳
ͬʱūСȫװ͵ϮҶʹ˻ĳЩͷӷ˽
ҶĶʵ̫Ҳ̫ˣİʵ̫̫ˣЩͷӵʵ˵ǸҶŪæңͳͳ·磬мùĻҶİ͵Ϯˣ˵ȻأȴҪ
ֻǹµĿʼķչͲˣЩͷһһҶܱ˼ܱøҶа֣˼һ־ͳŶΡ
ҶܿϷ䵽·磬⻹㣬ЩҲסˣΪ˲Щָץȥֻöջ壬ȫƾԼһӺݾ˼
ҶоԼסˣѾȫķŭУЩͷӹȺŹҲͰˣٰϷŪҶŭ޷ѹƣɽһˣ˵ǲǺãӾʹ졣
ҶҲˣ˵˼ҪȻˣҲûбҪ˵ˣ˵ӣˣҪԱ
ҶһǺô嶯ģǸ˵ƼˣҲôĺԼҲҪ군ˣȻ䱬ޱȲҫ۵ĹâȻͺ¡һ죬֮һƬѤãԲʮ֮ڣһж촷ӡ
Ҷô棬ȻЩͷӶԼһû¶ԱԼըҩˣ䣬ľżң
һӣҶ춼ըûˡ
ҶԼһܳܳΣǰӰһɿӹЩӰûˣǾˡ
ҶԼȻԱ˻ûһİĵطϸֲַԾⲻʲôİĵطһεĵط졣
ϴξطα޳Ū˹վƬĮ֮Уû壬Ҳ˵ˣʶȴڣҲ˵ţô˵ʵҪҪôأѵ˵һͨ޴ıըʱͨʹˣ
ֻҶһ뷨޷֤ʵҲȥ֤ʵ˿Ҫ飬취Ҹطһ㣬𱻷ɢˣǲأ
ҶЩˣղԼ̫嶯ˣͶˣҪǲԱĻĽҲǸȰǰ˵ը˻һҹ񫡣
Ҷ޷ʹǸռˣָҲ֪ʲôطȥˣǰɳкöСѣ涼иСӣ˵ЩĳѨ
ˣҶϽһĳѨ治֮ͷԼεͦģŵĲ棬޳棬ǰκñ˳ӵֿɶ
޳濴ҶҶϸ룬Ȼ޳һҹĵ֮޳һʶʧˣʶ档
621»ε
޳忴ǳļ򵥣Ҫжȴһʮָ飬Ҷ˺ܳʱŰ㶨
ʵ޳沢Բ״״ķ̬޳ʱʱһֻ⬣ȴ⬿ɰˣײеıԽȻ෴
޳沢ֻзɺͷ̬й̬̬αװ̬ʮֶ̬ҪǺֲܿһֲĲĶĸ
ҶԭѾûˣҪָֻˣ뿴ܲܰ޳Ū
޳汾αװҪΣȻûģεҶ˺֮ܶڽ޳ģ˵״
ʺһ̬ҲҶΪʲôҪεҪԭ޳ĵ¶ѨϥҶʲôȥ룬רĵʮ칦ԼܹıˣȡЩʱѿռ򿪣οɻء
ҶҹȴֻһĽչŨҲרģʹ治ס壬Ǳ߾ʹ˳ȥǸһû׵ƿӣȥˮҲװ
ҶУҪ취Լıһ£Ҫ飬ҪҩУεЧĵҩ
Ҷ޷ƵҩҵЩҩԭϳȥȻЧ϶絤ҩôǿ󣬵޳ǿЧӦҲǳĲ
޳Ҳм䣬ļ仹ǳķḻֱһ޽Ĵٿȫһ֪ʲôطȻȥָơ
޳Уߵ棬ߵµĶѨ޽ĵ£ģ鶼ص
޳ǵ粻۲۵İǵ˵ϣҺ޳ģҲûУô˵޳ûС
Ҷڵ´У׳Ѿ󣬺αǰЩƻƬ
һޱȿĵضһµɵķ֧ھǷָɵͨط󣬾һÿҶޱȹõһߣĻЩ޳Сͻؿͷǵĳ̬Ҳʹƣ޳泤øӵĿɰһ뱧ڻڣ˭뵽Ҫأ
Ҷߵǰһ·ڹ˽ȥ֮һƬ˸ֲʪشУڴд󣬴ƬֵʱѾɵֻεԭϣԼƤƤҾǴĴһø󣬿ռҲװٶȻǱȲҶԭĽָͿռ䣬ȴҲá
ҶһƬ棬ǱУһཬдУŪ˲֮͵мǸ˸ֲСϡ
ҶֲɵԭϣЪϢһ˫򣬷ɹһƬˮһ鶴ѨĴɽǰ棬еһվɽ
ɽǶ߾סĵط˵绹ʲô޳ҲԸǵģҲֻжȺӵǿˣ
ҪһһҲ£ǵսֲס޳棬ɹؼЩһ㳲ӵһʮĺԺϳκһ̬ս治ܱˡ
622
ҶһɽĸзڵĶ߷˾ʾҶ;򼱡
ҶҪɽɽ߹ϿĻ䣬Ƕߵıֻһ꣬ҪŪ϶һ׵顣
ҶȻһ£ֻһڽӽȻĵ֮ѰͻƿڡΨһ̫ĵطˡ
ҶûдͣڵĶߣյڸĲݴѰŶûмЩҲԼ̫ˣͣǽĶΣյļһ
Ҷôţ֮ˣٻʱѾǻһֻС渽һֻϵϣɽ
ΣڱûзҶм;һɽȥֱɽһ̶֮еľ޴Ѥֲ߹
źǣҶȻȴûп䣬ֻǰѤֻĹӣЩӶǺܴɫͷѤãӨ͸Ʊʯɵһž˴ѡ
Ҷûл䣬ûа취ˣֻ͵ˣ˿̾Щ޴ĶߣƵ˹ȥôСЩǲģҧ߹ڣܳԵأ
Ҷʮִݵһ֦ҶïʢɵصطѰһ߹Ȼͱ󣬽߹ȥͬķʮţǰɵĶҲӽ˶èϵ
Ҷ͹Щһڻ֮ЩĶӿҴܣҶƴѹţڲӦЩˣκܲȴţʹļ尾˱
¡һҶѹֵ̫ˣЩ˱ըⱬըĲΧȻûĴըôֲȴɽը˻һңһ壬Ӵ˾ʧˡ
ҶԼҲ˻һңʶûһ̲ܶɫҺ棬Ҫ
Ҷܿͷһϲ飬ճҺ̺֮ޱŨʶոһʮķǿ˼֣ҪȥĻû壬ʶҲӦûޱţɡ
뵽Ҷ̲ͣϢģճҺ֮гһӰǸӰճҺһΣıСҶͳˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶѾָԭǰδСɫճҺɵѾźԭһ޶й֮
ܾǴ˵еøɣҶһԱȻͻָңѾŪճҺɲһĶɶߵ֭߹֭ղǸ޳֭Һɣ̲ɽ֮Ǹը֮еĲָҾڸղţѾʮһͻʮأͲһѾǷ켫
ҶڵΪѾԼ֪жôĳ̶ȣźǣܸܵԼĿռ䣬ȴ򲻿֪ΪʲôǸָʶҲûҵƻɣа
Ҷ뿪˵磬ĽȫɵԼӵǰûеɵȻ˷ѣԼԽǿԽãѾٹĵӣ
ҶһȦѾѾҪĶѾҵֵǣﾹȻһ˶ûУ˵Ļ޳еĲһ
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ʲô¶˶ûأҶʣ뿪죬ص˻ĵ۹һƿռֱӴռ䡣
оЩƿһţֹһţ⣬硣
Ҷʧ˺ü죬Ȼü˺ǵģЩ㲵ǶʱüЦҲỨ˸
Ҷһ¶̾˸ͬߣúõİοһ߶һϾͶɷｿΣһСʢǾޱ㶯ˡ
ҶǵҪԣɴ˿Լһߣ
Ҷ˼еˣȥ˾;ﴦһЩ飬Ļ壬ٴν˵£źǣѾʧˣǸѾɽڡ
쾿ôˣЩϼһ﾿ûҶѾ޷׷ѾҵɵЩܹκεҩȻʱ򲻿ԼĿռ䣬ηųҲǰôľˣ򿪵ʱ䣬ֻ⣬Ԥкġ
Ҷ뿪һµʱ˲ٵ飬ͬʱҲòǰصú˳ǿ˵Ŀ
Ȼһ̾;ŶʧСҶǸ¶꣬ôܼʺ磬ûĿ飬ôܿƷأ
Ҷʧ¼һԽʯջҶε飬ֱţҪԼƻҲôЧ
ҶͻȻˣЩΪѾɵ˶ʱͱð֪Լο϶鷳ˣǻֹ̫ˣҶǵĸͲ鷳֮֡
Ҷһ籩Ĵʱݿ࣬ЩùˣһҲûĻᣬľֱӸˡ
һ˽µ¼һжָƽʱѾǵڶĳʱڣֵȹշɶͬȹһļڡ
۹ѧϵĽҶٴλϣĲٳ
ٳϣһȺŷۺ˶Ķ̿ŮѧǣΣǰĸ첲ʹȣһഺ˵СҶͷģèӵĸо
ҶȻҪҸʵŮ˻ζʵȺ˶Ķ̿ŮѧУƯǼŮˣ˵ŮˣҲûи˵֡
Ҷ˵۹ѧֱӵһѧԺѧԺŮҲ˵۹ѧеƾʵеƾ豳˵۹ѧбûʵҲʵǻҪǱô
ڣҶУ԰ߣййϵŮӣֻҪһԹĿ⿴ϲڣ͵˼¸һ㣬ֻѡ¾ˡ
⻹㣬ЩŮĵһֲǾޱֲÿٶҶȥһΡ
ҶȥʲôԶ֪ÿδǸֲЩŮӶɷݹΣ۽üҶ޷ε飬ֻбڽŮӲŻУʲôõ˵
ҹҶǾޱֲڸŵЩ棬⼸εСˣڶ͵͵ȥĿ⣬һ죬ǰ㶯˷飬·ͬ־ײ˺üǵŮǿЦһȺĻݺ
ҶСѾͷЦЦǵ͸ˣǵЦöˣԼȴûʲôоֻǾúҸۡ
624˻
һȺŮӣһ˵ŮˣǻҸ
ǿ϶ģ˵Ů˲˵ҶŮˣ÷ǳҸΪʲôԼ͵ԼҲ㲻
ɣҶһȫż޹ϵŮ˵йϵ˷ָǰ޹˺ߵĳйϵ
Щ飬ˣԶ֪ôһָо˺Ůһĸоһ˫ЬֻдЬˣŻ֪ǲ
Ҷ˫ţӵгǧ˫ָЬӣЩЬӲǺϲϽţһǿ϶ģǾÿһ˫ЬǸ߶˲ƷƣǾ޽ֻһ˫
༶***ѧѧŨϰΣһ㶼ˣͼ棬ΪҪȻĻҾͻȥͼѧϰ
ϹʲôأҶĶߴºѩ°»ˣʱҶ飬˳õĶ硣
ʵҶҶСҲϣ飬ϧϾ˭ҶȲˣ˦ִƹ֮µΪΪ٣˷ѽ顣
ڿŮءҶЦ˵ͷ˿ֶ˸ͽԼϣȹº·棬һ£鶯𣬽˾ͽһ
ǣΪĽҲûܿʲôȴܹѽ˵һһָоǳĴ̼ºѩԼ仵ˣʮֵĳƵĳϺ飬ԼǸ˵ŮˣȴôΪ
ҶĻ˵ⲻһȤˣ˵ıûйϵ˵˵ıбͶԽɵ鱧Ũҵĺĺͳͼر˷ܺʹ̼Ƕ顣
ºѩϹĻеĸȥÿʱǻǳɬҲһĿҰìܣķǳ֣ÿһζҪҪģƮƮɣ
һСʱ͵Էʱ䣬ʱѾûˣֻҶºѩ;еҶ¶ҽԴޡ
ĸʰãһȥѧУʳóԷ緹Ҷ¶Ҫųʱܽڳ֮ǰ磬ˣ˶ݹǴˣڸĲ
۹ѧʳõκܸߣǼ۸ܱˣ˵ľΡ
ҶҪһóԵģڰԺȣ˳죬̸һЩ顣
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ºѩҡͷüͷ˵Ҳ˵壬˵Ӧþ⼸죬ǿû󣬰˳ǻҪһʱɡ
¶˵ɶӣҪٹһʱ䣬Ҳ̫˰ɣϣϧϧͺӶ˳˳ģҪ񶦶һɰǾ̫ˡ
ǸСһԴӽҶҿʼǴҵĸαȻҶһգ˭֪ǸСһҶıӡ
Ͳ˵СúҶһģӳģϴ˶ѣ˭֪Ǳ׵أ
ףСһֱͱסҶͬ飬ҶҵŮ˶ò˼鲻⣺ȻǺӶˣֲ˭ô˭һԺס־Ӹʲôأɴסһˣһ٣
Ƕ֪ǣҶĳһҹڷߵҹףСԧΣĳŮڱϵľУлйղȥѡǴ֮ÿһܶһڵأͲԭľĻֵסǻ˵۸
625С
ҶѾǵˣȴûеӣºܳϺܶͷӶȲˣֻ£ƽʱһʱСһﲻӣܵƵģѡ
֮ҶͺӵĹϵ˾úܱҲõ˺ܶĸϲָŮ˳ŵĸоϲŮ˵ĸоһ
ǿ϶ģͿǼⳤ࣬ĸĺӶ϶Ů˧硣Ҷһʮŵ˵ҲѹôţҶýˣЩҲǧһĺӣôܻ᲻ÿأײ˹ǻͻ䡣
Ҷһ˵⻰ŮҶЩģԹ
ҶŮ̫ˣһ뵽ҪôŮһǸŮ˾Ͳ죬Ϊ˱ĿĲŸģǣŮ֮ƫƫŮˣÿһбףȥ׷һŮ׷ЩֻΪϲ᲻ҲԸ뿪
Ҷһ˵ѽѽǿǸŮȹӵˡ˱˵Ŀ֮󣬾ˡ
ŮعͷѰǸѵʱǸһѾûӰˣЦã˵ôԽԽأ
ϸһ˵ҲȷУҶĳЩʱ򣬿ԽԽˣ͸ƵģǿɲǺܸɳ¶
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ҶǸˣǸŮҸ۵ˣֻҪǸһЩǸоʱ÷ɿ죬ûа취ʱԵģѰʱʱޱȵֵʱʱת˲ţ
ϳҶűҪѧУֻͻȻһ°´˵ĵ绰֮ͨʣ˵磬ʲôʱôˣҲҴ绰
°ƨͺ㱻Ƶģ˭֪СһѵŮΧţ˳ţϾû˭øˣ
Ҷε̾˿磬㲻ҪôкòãҿûǸ˼ôһ˵ôһѣôˣ壬ɩӲˣ
ģ֪ô¶ڶҪæˣǲСѩҵæôΪҪ㣬ʲôˣⲻǿϲʱ䶼ûˣ°ЩŭЩԹҲѹԴ֮ºѩӣƨƨߵȥ˵۹ѧҶȥˣһѵ¶⵱ģæҪˣǸеĲС
ҶЦ˵ˣˣͷҸѩѩ˵˵һЩæͺˣʵҲûţŹŶء
ǸʲôԵİԼܰҵɻСѩһأöҹܣǲЩְ°¿ʼҽˣͦסˣñðˣҪû׼͵Ъˣ
úúã磬ȱЩˣˣ۾۰ɣѾҺ˵طԺһȱǣô
Ҷֲһ䣺Ū˲ٵĺöҪǲĻǿɾԼ˰
˵ϻʲôط°ԴܹһҶ͸̾ƺʳ֮󣬾ͷϲˣлܣôأûŪһЩȥܡ
үӣҶƥ͹ȥöˣ°Т˳ӵġ
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侩һطСɽǰǰʱѾȪھǣٹˣǧÿϾʱ򣬶ڵ޽ţúõķһ¡
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ⶼǮƵˣҪͨˣܵݳ޵ˣЩһ֮ûû뵽ҪȪ
Щ΢飬һЩУȴһңɼ룬ʵ
ҶԼıλСɽǵıׯ԰ھǵĲҵԭȸŪȥˣֻص¶
¶ԼҪæڹ⵽ɣʱһ˾ǣͳҶŮеĺȥ
ʵСɽĲҵ֮϶ҶŮ˼ҵĲҵҪɣʱضԣֻӷ㣬ҪǷǳ徻ʩҲһõθ֪
Ϊʲôô˲ҪİԼԴϲôƴĻȡȨͲƸϧһдۣĺϣҪΪԼܹ֮ϣӵȨζ
ʲôȨǾǱ˶ܵܣ˶ûеУ۸˱˲۸㣬ͽȨ
Ҷһֱ֪ȨĺôҲ˵һֱֶټʵŽˣоһһˡ
ⲻ˵ҶʱƲˣĸоֻĵһֶ۸еı仯Ͷ˵̬޹أ
ָоֻһ˲飬ֱЩеһԱǧһıҲֻǸһ˰ˡ
˱ׯ԰ſڣһҶĳ͸Ͻ򿪻ׯصմţ
Ҷĵ˵ͷǸӲıú޲ΪȥҲ֮¡
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ңòС˾ҶΪΨһһܹСɴ÷κһ涼ҪԶԶʤĴ˵һ
Ҷ̾۹ӵϵͳӵҫ۵ĹâֻΪһͳͳĪնжΪԭ
Ҷ̴ֲȫĴж˹ھһǾһؾһ֣ܵоֳɹĽһֲչֲǰʮȫܻ񣬱һ𾪵Ĵ¼ܵذֽһƻΪؾʧټʮڣͬʱ⻹ݻ˵йһӴϢץסƼԱ
ҶͬʱȫȽľʵңֻ¾ͳȵĳɹЧʺľ綼Ϊ֮ɹйҵͬƼǷǳǳҪ棡
Ҷܶ࣬Щ¾Ļ˵ͷһ飬һԶ壡
ҶЩʵʵҵһ飬ΪҰ̡һĵС˵һ۹ֽ󣬶ֽȫֽȫΪⱾţ˾Ϊý;ǳǰ֮Ʒ
627Ұ
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ΪҰ̡һ棬ڶ̶̵һھͼӡ˲֪ٴΣŶƾһʹӳ¶һԾΪףóܾҶСĻ˵׬Ǯ׬Ķˣ
Ҳƾ衶Ұ̡һ飬ŶѧһĬĬŵվһԾΪѧվеĺ֮㣬Ҷֱס
͡Ұ̡һͬʼӪϷҲҵ۹ͺ⣬þŶƼ˾һͳͬҵеٮٮߡ
ҶֻһдһµġҰ̡ͽŶų˾ľŸ˾磬ֹ˾˾԰װ˾鱦ι˾ݣز˾еⶼ׬Ǯ׬ĶЩΡ
ҲⱾ飬춨Ҷѧ;۵򲻿ɺţλҪʱţ˭û˲˵Ҷ
ƾһô𺳳ɼˣҶҲڶţ˭ţأ
˵ǱţǱͱʷʷţҶŵǰף⻹ֻһ飬Ҫǻеڶء
ҶԭֻΪԼһԸˣȴû뵽һܹƶ𲨼ȫķͻȻʶԼѾԶԶϵļ֮ϣһͨ飬ͨ˵ǶһܹĴ¼
ˣҲôİҶĳЩԵõŶĳһĮ̇ϳʥѩʮ޳ܵ
Ҷţ氡ͷȵ껪ĴۻҪأӣݺݵһ١
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ҶԼĿռóһƿƣ°¼ֲ֣ҲһЩ˲ĶҲǴӷˣԶʲôϡ档
֪Լȣһƿ°´ҶһƿƣԼƿһӣǼһƿƣҲ޷ҶᲢۣ⻹ҶûаѾóǰ£ҪȻ˲á
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˵磬ǼƷԽԽˡ㿴㿴ûкȶأѾֶŵˣֲɩӣҶֶҲûã
ҶЦĶ㿪°µȭͷʹţһߵɳϺȾƳ̣һѩѸ˸磬˾̨һͷ羰һƷζƣҲƷζζ
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һү̨ϴһȥӣĿܶ࣬ʲôʲôúܡ
˻ѡȺĿ˿ˣ
С˿ֹߣʵϺʲôֹʮ˶һϷңر˼
ȻڶĲķ룬ȻûвͷһѾһǮӮЩǮȻ˵ѾֻСǮ˼
ҶǳĲ˲һСʱ˺üʮ򣬼һѶûӮаˣûô㱳ء
ҶԼΪʲôô㱳ʱֻͻȻºѩģһ˿һûӰˡ
ϱҪˣ˰
ҶûӰˣ˵ĶһϽ˿ˣɱȥϳŶŮҽԺȥ
ŶŮҽԺǾŶ½չһҹŮҽԺ԰Զ˾ͽϧСĻһǸҽԺ
ҶʱѾ˾ŶŮҽԺڲס˾ͽϧС֣ĸһЩȻһССֶΣŮҽŮʿͶССѾͷ
˾ͽϧһﶼû⣬һ̣ĻѾָǱԭҪˮˣαҲûб֣֮ԭ˺ܶ࣬ڹӣҶסҪЩЩӶûˡ
˾ͽϧҲˣȿ˿СײСûϴ裬һ㶼࣬۵ôǸӤǳ˵Сˮɰ
ҶҲǳϲԼ˾ͽϧһƷһ֮˾͸ȡ֣ǸҶСǸҶϧС
ֺͺһӾ͸ҽͻʿȥϴˣСһﶼرʡ¶Цģرϲҽͻʿϲòˣ޲ܸ͵͵Լûȥ
ֻһõҶĺӣ˭˸͵͵߰
Ӹһߣ˾ȲӵһȻٶȽһ
˾ͽϧովѾˮˣڸǵòУĺҶղǿֵ޷ѹֵĽҪϵţܰҽԺ˶Ҳе˶ÿƲסԼˮͷͷһЩʲô
ǶԼƵģ˾ͽϧҶҶϧ֮һʱӶе۹صΪҶСһаˣûһ˫̥ģҪôѾͷҪôСӣһôĿɰͻЦɾ˾ò˼顣
ӶˣʽνˣᵽУûʽĲʽҲסͳͳͽºѩ׼õľŶͯ԰档
Ŷͯ԰ҶЩСտҲԸͺһǿҶʺտЩСѡ
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Ҷæ֮󣬾һоǾǵĲװ統ӹŮʡġ
ߵĺӸû죬Ǳ˻УұҲһЩûûһɺãܽˡ
æһʱ䣬Ŷж԰˶ٱΪһж˵Աֹĵһһ׶԰
ǾŶж԰;Ŷ׶԰ռǧ꣬аɽˮֵȵȣ֮оŶڲԱŮţһ԰ѾŶŵԱֻˣ˸ˡ
Ϊѹܴ󣬾Ŷֽж԰׶԰˰ٶ౶ͶʽȫΪ֮𺳵ġŶͯ԰
ͬʱΪõ۹ЩСĸĸ⣬Ŷȫ˽Ŷͯ԰ֻȡɱãκα԰òģ԰
ڵϿ˴侩Ŷͯ԰Ľʽ͹ʽ֮ټϾŶŵصľŶͯ԰Ϊòһٵ׷Ͷʡ
صȻǰٰ㲻Ըڴǿѹֻܸ費̶ͬȵչˣŶȻƴ֣ȴҲֵʡЩǮöЩ¡
һת۾ȥˣŶѾǰǸ̽㣬˻ĵ۹һҵţϽĹ˾Ѿ˸иҵҶɼȻӱϿŶҲǿһŵУЩˣûгΪһļ
ҲҶҪŶž߱Ϊʸ֮ģʵʲô£ʡЩαԼһһͷôأ
ϲȦû˲֪ŶŲѾ˻ĵ۹ĵһţ綼ǰλĳţѾӵ˶ŴضŲĿʵ
֮ľŶŷչĹģ֮ҶˣѾʵ˵ҶļƻѾ͸ŶźŶŹϵеļŷչأҶѾڸվ˽Ÿֻǲûиúſ񣬷ǳĵ͵
ҰּͲ˾ŶţֲûиģѾչΪӵһǺ͹ʶصȻ
ҰּŵƸȴЩҵЩʶǣҶ
ҶǾŶŵĻϰ壬˭֪ͬʱҰֵܼϯˣʱƳӰƷƷǾǾ۱裬ûһβôϵڣһֱ˷ָ
ȻҶԵʣԭƷԶǾƷڳԽԼĸ棬κһ˶޷飬ȴһֱ
Ҷ˴ҰѾҵ粻ɳԽĸ߷壬ֻ
Ҷĺܶ࣬ÿһٶȣдʮ౾飬ÿһڲϵĴԼµ񻰼¼
Ŷ磬磬ѧصĹ˾ƾҶһ֧֮ʣҵĴ˵һֱڽ޷Խ
ҶٰλչӵһλչʼԺͳȫѲʽչеĻڿĻ֮󣬶ޡеΪжеΪԱеΪ羴
ҶٰԼ鷨չչչŶչǸչѾȫ˶ʱ޿̿ҶƷ֣
630
Ҷӵˣȴӵĵ͵ˣٳڹڵҰֻйŲͣĸ£
ţǹҶЩŮ˺ͺӵţȻѾǳ꣬Ⱥúܡ
ҶѾϰָ˵ŵƽĵţоԲȱʺʣ˵ģ˵ߵˣһֱֻͣǰǾѾŮˣɶ˵Ҳİˡ
Ů̫ˣǲסԼһжٸŮˣеʶʶ
ǳʱڣ侩ĽͷѾȹշѹֵĺɶҲҹ쿴ܶׯܱصŮǶᴩúܵҲĺܸԺܴ󵨣ҹŮǺʧԼʧԼһεʱڡ
Ҷڽͷĳϣǲнֵһǣ̻ǸǽդһĽ䣬벻ԶЩѤ޺繹ɵķûаϵ
ҲǾһˣĳԹŮʳŮڼ̤ŲݵػĥľԼĺҺҺһźɶʵУɢҵζ


ҶعŶȵĿŶȹŮӣüëȻû˵ǸŮҲ֪ʲô¶
ŮЩ԰׵С˼֣ҧҧ촽ڰ׷峺Ĺâ˵һǵһΣһǮҪ𣿡
ҶȻգ˼۾ŮһͷͻȻʹ˼£Ůӳú񣬿ϧ磬Ҳ顣
Ҷ磬ԭҲǺ飬Խ绹ûг֣޴Ѱңÿÿͻ⡣
塣ǧҲСŮӵĽë˼£Өι棬峿ҶϹŵ¶飬˸ĵĹâ
Ҷ̾˿ִԼĿڴóǮóһſ˵жǮҲ֪ǱиȡǣҪ٣ȡٺˡ
ŮҶϵĿǳʧĿһۣתˣּ˵ҶԼںЦ˵ΪڿЦô㽫˵ĻҲǧҪᣬֻΪûаһκûᣬһοɵĽ⣬ȴʲôҪĴûᡣ
ҶŮˣҲٽ糤Ͼ磬һλᣬûϧҲ御ٸڶλˡ
Ҷֽ𿨻˻ҽóĶͨջŮˣԶͷĻһУ飬üΣȻںЩŮ˸˭Ǹ˱ѵĸоǺܺá
ȥ֮Ҷϸ룬ʥɣҲ޷ôŮˣѼҲԾͰŮ˶ټһ𣬿һ飬Ҫ뿪ģͿȥ쵽һʷַѣѡ˲뿪ôԺҪǳͲ顣
ǣһСŮ뿪ˣʣµĴ󲿷ŮˣĲᱳҶҶ͸һЩɷݣ˱ϡ
ʵЩŮ˸ȱǮŶŵĹɷݣǼֵɲһ㣬׵ıҲܴһЩȫС
뵽ЩҶɵ̾һǸŮѧ֤֣ꡣ
631Ϊ
꣬ҶȻһ˸ղǸŮ飬Ȼʧһ̣ѾǳһƵ棬һ߿һš
ʧĶһ˵׷𣬿Ҷ֣۵һͿˣǿһ˽Ļ
ǸӺݺݵĿҶҲԼֻһɲֵ˵˭ӵţ֪˭ҾƵϰ壬ҹ
ҶŮĺ󱳣Żˣ޵òУһֻڲͣĲƷеҶ
ҶĿһۣʱӾ͸оԼס˲ӣͬʱҲãſͣȴ˵еľֶʱͬˮһӿ
ܣû¶ɣŸʲô˸Ҵסݺݵһ٣С椸šܣ𣿡
һƷ˽һ˶ĵĵĿӣӻôվŲ˵ΧסҶꡣ
Ҷû⼸޷ˣóԼֻͨһ绰ʮӣ侩ŶƵܾСһҶԴ亹ʱ
ϰ塣λܾôҲ벻ϰͻȻ٣һСӵ
Դƨ룬Ҳ֪Լ鷳ˣϰһǺԱٹ˽θץţõ
ӦɣҲ˭ڿʼһ뿪뿪֮ǰҪҵľƵ˶ʧ
ʱ򣬼Ź˾ĲܼѾˣͬеĻоŶ鲿ŵˣλһ˹ȥǸСӣȴû׾ʲô顣
ҶˣʮԺӵ˼ĵ绰ѾתԺ˾ŶҽԺ֮ͻᰲһзȫ⡣
궼ЩԼǲˣ绰ǸǽܿĵĹ˵绰Ҳܿġ
лл㣬ҵİһһӵģȻִܸͲںҼǲǵ㡣Ѿϳ˴۾ñӵҶǸһ綼ðҶ󽫾
ΪԼʱһἤʹ鵽أ˵ʱȴ˼ûУķԼ˵ô¶
Ҷĵ˵ͷûʲôȻѾû飬ôټɡ˵ԼͣھƵǰıܿʧڳˮķͷ
һֱҶıûӰӵʱ򣬲ͻȻԼӦһʣΪʲôҪôԼ
Ҫֻ֪Ϊֺƣ˳úǸҲͬƵĻܻЩЦðɡ
Ҷ˼ųûлؼңһֱ򱱿˾ǣ˸٣Լҹʱ򣬱ͣһȼٴ棬ﲻǾŶΧɽ
ɽǴ侩غȥɽȼٴҲǣɽεˣһҪɽûб·ߡ
ɽȼٴҶĲҵھŶŵ£һͨڹԺ֪Ĳҵ
ŶźҶŮкܶĲҵַʽӪһӪȽϵ͵һҲײ̫Ļܿܶڿ顣
632ҹ
Ȼҹɶȼٴȴǵƻͨʮֵٰ֡ᣬҹ֣ҹȥɽ˺ǲ٣ֻеɽ﾿ʲôǾͲö֪ˡ
Ҷͣ˳Ҷʹӻ˳öûдԲʶ̿ͱģսѥ֮Խ޹Ҷˣ欵ߵҶԣҪ˵͸һס˲ӯһյСѹ˳ϺݺݵһͨȻͱֱӽһС̿һק¶ޱ˵ѩ۷ӯĴ˼£ǵСĽ˼ͿҰĽһĥʵľ񻨴
֮˲Ϣģһϴ˸裬ҶѾʪ͸˵ͷ˰ɫ¶ȹͬɫСϣ˵ĳɢڱҶ֣ȥԷ
ѾһˣͻأҶղŽе̫ڵɤЩ΢΢˻ƣ෴һֱȻо
ҶҶ϶˵㣬ƵľգŮһԽԽˣⶼĹͣûڷܿѺŬĽ࣬ǲԽԽԽԽεģôܹû¶»ǵأ
ҶĽëزţ̧˿ЩɬһЦʲôô꣬ûпǲǾҺЩС˱ӵ̫ţĿˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ㻹ϰнˣҪٹЩ꣬Ǿ͵ýãôܽأ
ҶС˵㰡Ҫ˼ҸŪĻôô˵أĸˣģһһ
ɲܹңҲƱˣ˵أôѺӴأҶԼǻЩ
ҶСֶĸ첲šһ£ҧСɰĺŴ۾С˵ҪٷҵĻҾҧ˰
˵꣬Ҷſ˺ཱུС¶ѩ׵СɰСͷʮһ£ҶĸŪڵģ˸ղ컣С˴˸ݺݵ֮󣬽ȹֿʼ谮
ҶѾǺˮģ׾ٵĽҶȻҲ뷨ŻղĹ
һղ칻ˣȥ߳ҹ
ըϺ|ҰܵŪһӣҶҶԣսĺأʳ˺ܶ࣬һӵĲ˶Թ˲˵Щɫʳ
Թҹȥ滮һ˻ûһ˯⣬Ǿһȥҹɽ
ҹɽ¹һ㵭ĹΣЩһ𣬽ɽλ֮С
ҹε˷ǳ࣬ҹսҰսŮ࣬ҶҶսɽûһʮٺٹŶŶŮش飬ӦǶˬģϧ̫
ܿҶҶָߵһٵĵطʱҶͱҶһû˻ע⵽ĽһϣŪһŴ˾һŴȻ£һ÷ȣŮֵ֮
ʳ֪ζйŮһĴ̼ǳʱʳͻ᲻ҪЩȣҶҶǴݺݵĳˣȽЩؿζһҪܲˣ˶һˣȻҲͲѰ·רʵĻ˴ϵսµ۷塣
633
һһСʱ뿪ʱ򣬴µĻݶҶʳˮ٣
ˬˣȻ˸̼飬ҶҶҲûͣ飬ҲûǸͣ뷨
ɽʱѾǰĺڰܶĵģ˲٣ǶѾˣż˵﷢һЩĽɽֺ־Ҳʧˣ޷ֵ˯Ϯ
ҶҶĻĦҶź°ͣú૵˵Ϲʱ˼Ҿ;ãһЩʵһһǹ¹µһˣûСҲû㡣
Ҫ˼룬ֻһ㲻Ҫôûʧģ̹Ȼԣû¶ͶЩ¶ߣϹ춼ᵽʵ
Ҷ˵ţ˵ŪһϣҶȹӣһĽٴͬһ÷Ķȡ
ûôļңֻĬĬĸûиҵܣӵĵ˵ŻָоۣܰԶȿҰղʱо
ǰĺڰڹȥˣʼ˽Ĺâ̫ҪɽˣɽҲ
ҶҶǸĬĬ컵ζô˰ΧţȻûܿΣҶǱӵ˷ܺͿ֣˵˵ĹﶼЩĶϲɵĶ⻰۶ŮԵҶ˿̵ķӦ˵ϲɵĴ̼
ɫϼɽµĺϣ֮Уĺһ棬޷׼ȷ׳
Ҷ˺޹˼ɵķҶĶĤ߿Ľ÷һƥǹĴ㣬ҶĻһչᣬȻҵĲţ˲񷡣
ʱ򣬳ȽȽңԶĵƽһ˲ɽһɫѤ£ĺڳϼͳã
ͻȻ䣬˾쿴쿴Ǻлˣ㿴˵ĿǶ˹ȥȿ˵ˣȻ˳ָɽλðĺǺ֮УĳһޱȸߴɫֲֲĶڴһľ޴İɫţһޱȶ˵Ϣ˵ıǶƣƢǡ
ȻɽϿƮǰɫĻȫʢĻм䣬һŮں㷢˳ǰͱ׵СϴޱʥׯصϢգܷܷ黨״ޱȰׯϣٳĹʿ貨ӣпһĻ˶ɵˣˣӦǰһĻޱĵ澰
ҶҲɵĿŻеİŮֱ۷ļ¿ѹҶһ硱ηѣ૵ĻŮһ㡱Ȼֽһš
ŮȻ˺ܶ࣬ҲӵˣüǿССɰ׵ʺ̥ǣҶҶȷ磬˭ôɺҲ־أ
ͻȻȻ¡¡ը죬Ȼͺ׵Ķͷɽϵ˶ɢǶ亣еľ޴׻ҲըͬʱǾ޴ĻɢΡ
Ǹ׵İŮأȥʲôط
634°ٺϻ
㣬ǿ϶㡣ҶֹѾտյĺģͷҲһĿյ
ҿҲ磬ôᡣ
ҶͻȻͲ˵ˣͻȻ뵽ԼҲǾĲͬѰǸԲѣΪʲôܹΪµ貨ء
ȫܣ뵽ҶסҶ֣˵ϹˣȻѾˣô뿪Ҳһֻʱģٳֵġ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ҲֻĬĬĵȴٴγˣÿÿΪԼѾƿһУ֣ʵԼʲôƿزˣʵ
ҶҶصҶ԰߽԰ҲУһ֮Ҷȥϰˡ
Ҷİϣ϶ܰæǺϣһжԼ֣ϰͳһе飬Ǻϲ쳣æµżæµһá
ʵҲҶϲ͵Ů˺ܶ࣬ÿҪȥһܾζŰĳЩͬһʱѹˣǻ˼ҺĵģϧˣȻǲôп顣
Ҷȥֹ˾ϰ࣬Ұܼ࣬ǵܾЩҪ飬Ҫİ
ҶȱǮǮûʲôֽƬӣҪҪǮĻԼĿռڳ㶫Ǽֵǵı
ҶҪǮ粻ҪǮḻ磬ҪнͨأԶԶûôḻ磬˲ͻӣǮãԶ
ҶҪչҪ£ȻҪ취úõķչֲİѱĶŪ˵ٸɣԼûʲô¶ǶԼߵ˺Ӱ첻á
ҶһֱǵεĻҲһֱǸˣźԴǴԺʧȥ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôطûлָú
һ뵽ΣҶͲ̾һ뵽磬ֳ̾һ
ϵ飬ʮ֮˾ţǿҶĳЩҲֻͽ̾κεķݶûа취
ڳˮĴƣÿʱΣﶼ³ҶʵԲţҲҪһϰĳʽı䣬Ѿϰ˿ϰ࣬Ҳϰ˶³ʲôãֽ̤ʵصʵС
Ҷ̫ˣĸоǱĪ⣬˭ҲԼһʲô飬᲻ţĶϧϧԼ˺һÿһÿһÿһɲǵĹÿһˣŻᾡʲôźһֲ̣֪ʲô¶ԶЩװɰǵʱ
ܶôõĳһֵǧԪƱãã֮УҲ˻
ҶıˣԱߵɫħҲˣ
ħܳһҲֵİıңɫħȴƵģ˿һûƽʯǶɵİٺϻ·ҫ۶ĿĹʱҲֵԲơ
ûҶԵĹһ£ֵٶĻôٺϻҲֵһǧ򣬻ӢԪ
͸ʯѪʯɫʯͬǶޱ貵İٺϻǻƽĻʯٺϻƨһ
635·Ů
ҶȻǮˣҲ˲ǮǮӵˣôˣƷζˣ˵ʵƽ
ⶼҪ⣬ҶĿŮ˴ŻɴŽڿϻۣ˫װŵˣܹ
ͣİȣͣᣬȴԲԼǷķС౴һѩСҧѪ죬ʺѪҺ˳żε򢲻ͣĵڸʵ֬ĹȾѩ׵ıɴ
Ůǳ̫ˣ̫飬ټĳϵǶʯİٺϻϵĻɴŵܷܷѩ㣬һйһ޷赲ǿ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
źǣܹŮ˿εˣֻҶһһʮֺģҲŮͱž޲ģĲ˼£
ëݣŮħǰǸĸǶһôŮʱͰ̭ȥ˴룬ֻ˵ôһС㡣
⻰Ǵŭ˺λļ±˵˶Ϳɫֺ͵ܷܷѩһţȻ˳ȥصһ죬ĺƨɿˣȴᶼû
ڣɵҲĳ᲻ģƺϽֵأ
Ҳݣ㡣
أ
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Ҷһֱڿ֣죬С̫ˣԿ϶ǸĸǸײùƶصˣ
⻹ܵģƵǸ²Ŷˣһʼأ˸ͲǸˣһͷβķӣͲˣ˵ˡ
Сͣ˷ײΪʱнˣûлᵽĽǰԱߵһµƷٸŮó֤һ£͸ϽˣЩϻ̳Ͽֵӡ
˶ûпŮõʲô֤ʮֵĺ棬ϧûǵŮѾص˳ϡ
ҶȴǿúƷŮõǺʥٺϡ֤֤ŮˣǺҪĴıڣŮԲʲôôıڸţ˵ҪôǴŮˣҪôǴļˡ
ȻŮһںߣڻǸŮˣŮ˵ĳŮˣ뱾ϲǣϿԿǸŵŮӣӦںߣǴļˡ
Ҷѵ۹еĴﶼһ飬ȴ벻Сĸļˣ
ҶЩɻ󲻽ˣѵ⻪ĵ۹һ֪𣿲ܰĵ۹ô㣬Żǹ֪ģǼˡ
ĪǴˣҲǵԼҹڹ˭ҵءҶĵ׵͹һ䣬һ⳵գʹһ绰°¡
˵λСڰ˵û㰡һҪΪз˵һֶղžͰ˼Ҹˣ˼ҵķӸһѻ𡣡°Ȼ£ҶټôһˣңôһСˣое㲻˼顣
636ھ
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˭Ҷʶ˸˵һҲû˵ϣʵ
°̾˿˵ôһ˵㵹ˣҿɾҶǸСѾͷǸɱ˷ŻҪܽҲˣҪǸ鷳ɱҵʱ㲻
Ҷû˵ֻǵ°Ļ°ʵҲ׾ƾҶʵܶ˹ʱ綼ҲأǲУҲ˵˵ˡ
ǸСѾͷãھŮ۵ʦãƵ۹ĹδŮʱ£Щֻͷ֮һҪϸ˵Ļдһˣ°²޸пԼͦţˣҪԵúܲ
ھÿ湻СˣˣǸϵĿ˭ӦҲһɣҶİﻹͦǿǵٸʵס
ͦСģһͦءǺǣǸ˹ҲʶǻƺƼҵδˣţһӸɷˡɾӶˣƼҵƨûҷţ°ºЩֻζЦúӡ
ҶҪһЩйھأͻȻоһɱ˳ɱķ򿴹ȥھݺݵĵԼĴ۾ﶼС磬˼˵Ļˣ
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Ҷȴ˼°˵˼䣬һЩйھ֮󣬲Ź˵绰
ʱھѾһ˫˿ѪС廨Ьӯӯ˳ҶĳԣȻһȭͷ˸ոĳϡ
أ飬ȴûھɽһһǿɶЦƻЩȻѾˣȴεĴûһ˿һ˼
ھһ֪Լ˸ˣȻڱ˵ҲǸˣ֪֮ģ˱ԶԶ
һĹֻûüջȥ־ͱҶסĲţҶЦӯӯĳûвĳ󣬵˵ҵĳʲô⳥
ھ˵̫٬ȻһŤͺû˹ͷƤһСֶҶĴ˳ͬʱжһذףޱɭɱҶӭ
Ҷоذ׺ܲ򵥣˵Ҳһİ裬ûа취˵ֺ
Ҷ㶼㣬͵Ŀذ״̵ԼüĴͻȻͣھôԣ޷˵ҶҲֻǵǰһľ룬޷ǰһľ룡
ھˣǵһôǿĶأֱѾǿ󣬶ǷˣôһܽĽס޷أ벻ͨ顣
ھԼ޷˵ҶҪߣʱȴѾʹĿԼİ˵ĳǰʻѾϣĹİԼĬĬԼĻɴ£Ͼֻһ˫С廨ЬЬΪߣøӵˣ
637ﳤȥ
ھô벻Լһһ˵ǰ½ľˣϲŮˡ
ھ۾Ѿ޹һΣٿ޵ڶΣԼڸοԼ壬ʮֵ죬ǰҲôֻȴû뵽һ˵Ŀ֮
Ϊú߳ܣھɵľһһļ۷壬һŮӣرֵʱˮʧͬȪһ֮ѾڵÿҪˮˣ־壬ȫ֮С
һ̣ͻȻоˣ۾Լö˶˵ԼĳأԱߵǸСӣЦĿ
ھ֮ھͺ޺޵ĵһۣʱָͨħɿʧããĳ֮УǼ˹Ƶġ
ҶһЦ˵ǲΪһأģȵؼϴʱ򣬹ƾͻ֪ԼĸúõİһӡӦöڰɣ
뵽СޱȵҶ˼ĭþöûмϲʳָˣǲװȻ˵ļƷ֮ء
ǰԺ϶ѲģҶԴŰٷһǿģ
λѾȻˣȻѾ˿ߵȨ˸ΪǽѴ򱧲ƽ˭ôǷûɫôţŮأù
ʵⶼǵ˵ǣԼҵĽڰˣҪھһЩ˻ôǿǴŭء
Ҫô˵أŮһȨ⻰ֱ⻹⣬ǻЩ˶ƫġ
Ҷűգߵֽǵʱ򣬸µϳסˣڳµϳƷûж͸ԱðԲǹΧˡ
Ʒ֤һƤõ˵ִĸֵģ
Ҷ⻰Цоǽ˽ǰԲʷﳤ˵ǸҲó֤˵оֵģûȨǡ
ͷƷѹסЩҪ쭵Ʒˣһ۳ϧʲôͻȻ뵽ʲô͵˵ͷϳﳤȥ
ҶߵıʧˣûЩķ緶ⶼҶرˣѾͨ˵ķˣǱЩƷȻʥٺϣȴҲء
ֻǣֻҶͼ˲֪¾ףһֱڱܵ״̬
ҶǰУʮӺλڳǽǵһƬ棬Ұֵܲ棬ռ̻꣬÷ǳãҽҲǳɫˣΪķ羰ܶһý嶼ר⣬ľɫģ֮ʮǿңڶһɸġҰȡ
ҶıʻܲĴţվڵı̾ʮֵ棬ҶİһǻӦͰǸ۾ˣ˵ӿܴˣ׳Ȼǰأ
ҶĳͣܲشҰǰõ̾ʹˣǴ汼˳µҶ󽫾ˣǶ㿪أҪǲǶҪȥˣ
Ҷ˵ͷҲû˵ͺ߽˴ãڵԽԽˣһ˵ǰҪڵĻ˻ȥ
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˻ңȻѾˣ͵Ҷˣ˶Ҷϰ
Ҷݽȣôƽ׽ˣҲû˸ҺЦǼĳЩˣҲȫ
ҶʱҲúźһ˵ĳָ߶ȵʱȻȻͻ˲ηĸоߴʤ˼
һǶ˵һñȻһʧʵҲٹƽ飬غ㶨ɣҲ˵ͨ
Ҷ˵˵ͷ˵Ҫ̸ǡɣһǣ˸ϽͷƽɢˣҲҲ
˶棬Ҳܽţűʺֽһ쵼ѵļƣҶа̾һ˵ǲôţôôŪҶܽš
˶Ц΢һ㣬ҲֻһѣҶǰһʱܴ
ҶҲ֪ûа취飬ÿһ˶ԼĴԭվͲͬĹԼ뷨ȥҪˣҲֻȥˣ
Ȿ⼸ƷϲһҲдģⲿƷҪĳɵӰѡǺҪһѡǣͬʱⲿӰֶ𣬷װҵ̫̫𣬵ҲǣҪľЭ;һЩϸڵĲ
Ҷ⻰һ˵꣬˾͸Ͻͷֻǵɫһ£ָֻܿһĨ֮ɫȴһֱ۵
ҶĹ۲һ˸޷󼰵ģûпǵɫеĲþͶһЩ
ҰĹһ⣬ĸԴɶ˽߰㣬Ūù˾ĹΡĽɫҶ˵ͶˣԲ飬Ʒ˭Ϸ
Ұߵ죬˵ȫǿҶŻĳɾͣнôңҲǾŶźҶҪȻĻƾԸ񣬾
Ҷ֪Ϊһֱܾᣬǲɣѹ˾ٷ֮ʮĹɷݶҶΪѾȫԵˣҪôȥҶҲֻѡֿˡ
Ҷûж˵ʲôֻǽһЩԺ󣬾׼ʼѡǣѡѾ׼ˣ͵Ÿµء
ǸҶߣֹ˺üΣŵҶ˵СɫѾȥˡ
ҶĬĬĬ˺һֱǵɫѾʮѿҪ̲סʱתͷĿλѣ̾˿˵磬˺ܶ࣬ı˺ܶࡣ
˵꣬ƿǰȻʵľţ˽ȥվſڣɫ˺ܶΣѡ˷ȥ
ҶӣûнͶƯŮ˵׼׼ҰҪֲˡ
ΪҶŮ飬飬ҶŮˣΪŮˣҶľʮֵĵ˵ͷ˵õģһᴦ顣
Ҷֳ̾һ޳ȣ˵ʼɣ
˳ĵ˵ͷУһУ죬Զһ뷨᲻ۿ۵Ŭʵָ֣᲻۲۵ִкãҲȥֻǣԲȥֳ飬Ϊ˾
һܴܻĴҶŮ鶼ŷǳׯصķΣﻹʮѡǵרҵʿԴӲͬĽǶȸȨ۶ϣ
639ѡ
Ŵˣһѡ߽˴һúƯŮüĿ㼡ѩ˵ҲЩţλʦãС¹۹ѧϵ˶ѧܹõβѡĻᣬҷǳңͬʱҲϣܹյʤΪⲿӰŮǡ
һɫȹͬɫϸ߸ЬС¹˵ĵһӡܲҶҲŮ㲻ܳΪŮǣҲʺԱһֺܶ˵ʣһǳпԣһϷ·խŮӡ
ҶһףСⲿĵݣŵҶ֥ⲿӰķװƣǶС¹崿ŵϲҲŮɲˡŮǣԺҲڱӰƬеŮǡҶƷûиıɾ籾ĵӰĻкܶأкƷŮǾͺƵʣ
һһ֣㼴һɡ
ףС˵꣬ƯŮ˾ǴС¹ȥ·߾ãѡֽԼʱ䡣
ѡŮѾ˳ѡ͸ѡرɫˣȻδܺҶҵŮȣһЩҲŮ˸Ưʡ
ûа취飬ǻʵۣҲûа취˶ŪԼҶȻʵۻţ棬ȴҲһ㣬ϾЩ˶СѾͷģܶµŮӰɣ
ʵҶߵĳЩʵǲԸݵӰϲյͲѡʲôŮˣУ
ɼȻϱͬ⣬ҶҲǿȣ˵ˣҪôϲ԰ڱǿŮˣҲϲ
ڶŮӴù¶ЩȻôˬһ£ҲûݵĻᣬҶҪԱС㣬ŮʺݵľС㣬Ϸ·̫խʺϣ
ŮǺ͵ڶѡֽȻ̫ͬغ;нˣ˶ͷҶȴӣϻһȦ
һȦ֪Ů˾ãⲿӰ棡
ʵǰŮҲǷǳҪԱģΪľԺ󵱴ǣĵҶ飬˺ܶҰߵ֮󣬾ͷʵҲûʲô˼е˯ģյĿ꣬ҲΪǮѡ
ŮﲻȱǮֳмֵǧĹɷݣÿķֺͼ⻹Ҷ԰ÿ¶е㻨ܵĲԼźܸߵнʣ˵ЩҶʱ㻨Ǯ͹ܶһ׬ˡ
ȻˣҶ϶ҪȺܶһҶϱĽúúܶ࣬ЩûиֻڼŵŮӣǮҲûеطͶͶ뵽˼棬Ͷʣ쵽ķֺ졣
Ҷ԰ĸûҶĺӸǶŲƵңʲھûǶ٣ÿ컹ڲϵֵţʵҶھѾһ޴ĲƸ۹һš綼ٰᷢ˼֣
ĸѡֽ֮ǰ˺ɫС¹ӺУһ赸
С¹ѧľ赸ͱݣ赸λ񽱣Ȼżɣʵȴʵѡ֡
ɸкǿźԣǼ裬Ҳʮֵ˾̾ܶ˾˺ܾõ赸ҲûôãôĶ
ĶŮ㺵ĶһϵĹ
640ǩԼ
ĺܺãڽİϻһЩ⣬ͬʱȺܹˣоЩϣúϢעⰮԼ壬㽫ⲿӰеζŮǣͬʱҲΪǹ˾ǩԼˡ
Ҷ˵꣬ͻ˻֣ȹװС¹ģ͸˾Ǵȥ˺棬׼ǩԼ
һϵеԣôŮ֮Уѡ˲ٵ˲ţеʺԱеʺ֣еʺˣ֮˾ţмֵѡֹ֣˾ǩͲǿǵʱ䣬ʵҲͲÿǣֺ¶ڴѾõ
ٴδ򿪣Ҷסˣ˾Ȼ꣬Ҷ΢΢һ죬Ҫ˵Ҷ˵㲻ˣؼ׼һ£ⲿӰĽɫһӰŮǡ
Ҷĵһ仰ɫҰףһ仰Сͨ죬ĻС¹һԺ˾ȥǩͬˡ
Ҷߵļ˶ƬȻǶŮúλνǳƣҺ񻹺ԼϹʶ¼ȡҲͲʲôˡ
ʭӶ˲ҧҶŮô࣬Ӷһ֧ˣΪŮˣùǲǻЩ˻ȥһֻǸֻҲǷţνˣֻҪһֱԼͺӺþ͹ˣʵϣһֱ涼úܵλЩֻһϱûã
綼ûϢһֱʱŽŮѾѡһֽ¶Ůʮ꣬÷ǳǳˣ˿һ۾޷˫
һŮҶļŮ˾ѾһҪС˸ŪؼãôõŮҲռ˼
ҶȴֻǾЩޣͽ𺳱а¶СŮ̫嵭ЩˣȴĿ
ҶԼϱ뿪ҰܲأЩרʲôĶרк˵ˣ㲻кҲûɶǹ˾ڲԱը̡
Сۣʲô
Ҷ§ԼŮż溢С۵Сʵ˾ѾҶ֥Σ§ں棬Ħ޹ûһ˿׸Со
ףССȻҶôãֻҪһǽסӷȷֻɲǼ飬ڶܸоԼȹʪܵģ˺ģ֪ǽܲסʹƫƫͰ飬Ūǡ
һŪ֮Ƕܵõĳ谮Ͳᣬֻ޾ϲ
ĺ䶯һ£ͳһźĴĿռܴҶѾԽͺǽһãã֮зκֻΣԶ⳵ĵ̺أҲֳֳȻ
ˬ֮󣬾滻Ҷ֥䵱˾ɴҶֽţһ֣Զʻ
˺ŮһʵΪľô̫ļ¶Ҫһ¶Ů֣֮ҪǲгĻٺгҲûã⣬ҪǺгĻʵǺԡ
һŮһܹʱƮƮɵʱֻҪǺܲѡ뿪Щʲô˶ܸģǽǮҲ
641һ
侩¿һ壬ɽ̫ԶҶż˺СȥһΣǳϲȥĻط
Ҷֽ˸˼֣۽üҶ޷Ĩȥ˷飬ֻŮ˸еķ飬öġ
Ҷһ߽Ƶһ㣬̰ѴеĿⶼ˹ҶֻǵһɨЩ̰аĿͶʱŲͬʱо˵ܣԺȵ˼ûˣҶںСԺʱ򣬾һˣǸҶĿ˵ģƺóʱȬ
ҶŮʮֵİԵǱֲõŮһ£ԷһĴۣҪǱΣǾ͸Ӳ˵ˣһĴĴڡ
СԺӺһЩȻĲϹɣмɽľݵغСϪȻСԺɷ羰ˣоܰ
ϦѾ׹ɽϣ紵θĶǲľϢϪˮʪԺͣǺƽĶҲܳԳܲѰζ
οĲ÷ǳصǾޱȵζһֵسĸо
ҶϱըĴ̶ҸĳȥȻȥ˴̶Сը㣬ĳţоζǲ
ҶһǸעϸڵˣΪô֮࣬û˭رԹڼʱǻʱֺô
ҶѾЩÿһ䣬ʱ޿̶뵽ĸ֮
ҶǳԵõʱԱߵǸСԺһˣǳĳ֣һ໰˶µһ֣ķ
Ҷüͷб˹ȥöԷһЩȴǱߴòƶԷ֣ͦҶıĸ֣ҲûɵƷԷǽֲ£ѽѷ֡
ջҶռϷ磬ʱȴǹҶǸͷӸ˴ӱһǹȻû˵ҪȴҶŭˡ
еıһ֣֮ڣԷеȫƷԷҲûкµ˼ʮŵƿڴһӸСģΪо־ţȣǺѪ̵ˣҪʶĻʹķԼһ첲·򲻹ҪùǵļҲûк³
ݺݵһ֮Ӳ˸ڵģҶĺˣӻͷôҪŮ˶
ҶͻȻߣĿʵҪҵŮôɱɽһѹС벻Ҷ֣벻Լ˵Ļ˼ˣ뵽ҶʱϢĸо
ҶһԵһѳףһСͬ⣬ôܹشأⲻǰ۸
ûҶҪ۸ˣˣԼҪǲʱͺݺݵ۸һˣͻ۸ͷϣˣǲӣŻ̹
˵ã㲻˵ǲǣ㲻˵
ҶȻףݺݵùСӵϳһ£໵һҽиշһͷ͸Ҷıòͽסֻܷһƺߣû¶һ룬Ҳˡ
642
ҶͻȻ֣һӾͰ˸סˣ£µôʱ򣬻΢ЦͲ˭ˡ
ı֣ЩʹӲЩԴë⡣
㵽˵ǲ˵ҶҲ˼ƴĵͷŭ˵㲻˵
Ҫʰ˼ңƫƫӲ˵˼Ҳ˵ʵ˼˵Ļᣬһʮ֮˰⵹ùĶó˳һѵݺ⣬ͷûô
Ҷ˵СӣҼסˣԺ˵ۣҪñ˵Ů˵¶Ǵɣ𣿡
˵꣬תˣЩںܿʹߵ飬ҶѾȥĺﷺˡ
Ҷںø˵ʱ򣬺߾˺ܶΧסҶıǽһЩ˶Ǻˡ
ҶЩ飬ֻǲһ绰˲ʮӣ̾ʮڶˣЩȫΧһ죬ǹŵĵ䱬ͷžԷƵͷЩɵ˵ĺһ򾡣¡
һҹپûгʲô飬ûа˫չ˹սһ˺üǧˣ⻹ǽģľѪУʧأ̾ȫʤ
ڶ죬Ҷû¶ƵĸøЩĵ绰ȫ򵥴һ֪ͺϵ¶һϵûƵģʵأס
ҶԹȥӰӻأҪĽɫԾҲţͲȥ￴֣ΪⲿӰԱϰ壬ûɲȥֳͬʱҲҪһЩصˡ
ӰӻҲڴ侩ΧɽԶ羰ͨռشľŶӰӻأ;Ŷͯ԰ѾѴ侩֮ͽܸ¢ˣýĻ˵ǾǾŶѾѴ侩Χ
ʵϣý˵Ҳ޵ĽӽʵŶŵĶ֮֮ǱļԶ޷󼰺ģ޷⣬Ҳ޷Ч¡
ҪǣŶŵĲļԶԶ֮ȣǼͲ˵ˣҪһʽ⣬Ҷĵʲôܽ⡣
ݹȨĵŶŵϰҶȥŶȻ֮⣬ļֵͳǧڡ
һǧڣԪʲôҲ˵Ҷһ˱ȺܶһֵǮˡ
ⲢǿţǸصĹƣҶС˵ÿһС˵ļֵԪֻҶ֣ÿרļֵԪҲҶķļֵɾ͸ˣǲùƣ֮ÿ괴ļֵǧԪң
ΪҶǺܶ£ʹɱҪͬʱҲǻĵ۹صˣĴ˵ļֵҶһָ
˵ʱգҶͽȣԶԶǰǸˣȻڻû۷壬ˣѾ鼰ÿһ䣬ݲѣ
Ծѡɫһ鷳飬ҶСףСҶ֥һĿţżһģǩԼǩͬ
ҰٴҲǽе˲Ŷչ£ֻǾ˲ʧ̶ȵھ˲ţҲֻ
ҶڿһŮӱ·ϴ裬أֻͻȻһ£̾˿˴к뿪ѡֳȥλӰӻضĴ԰
643·ֵ
԰羰ǳ˵ģ˵ƬγĺˮǴ侩һĵطûа취ȡ
԰ƽʱǽӴοͣҪȡʱշ⣬׬Ǯķкܶ࣬Чʮֺãÿ¶ΪҶ׬ٰĻıҡ
ҶȻںǮҲҪҺڰܶ׬ЩǮȻҲܸˣǲ׬ǮҲŪһطû¶һҲȤζ
Ҷ˴԰ķǰ棬зԱͣã߽˷꣬ڶİ棬ǡ
Ѿں˾ϯҶЦЦʾ¡
ҶĬĬĳŶżһھƣʵ֪һԼֻ벻ôˡ
һǲòѪ˿˫ۿҶʵСΪʲôҪô
ҶĿʵ磬˵أ
ٴ˳Ĭãɬ˵ǰˣ
ҰˣԼѾû˼УҲҵ̬ǰ˼ڱ棬˵СǴǣСʲôģȥĻֹ˾ԼЩŪģҲ뷢飬ҰԼǲְʣµôԣԼˡ磬˵ʵֻһ䣬ҪΪԼĶҽڣǶϹ
Ҷ˵꣬óһѩѵϣ˵ôˣʲôҲ֪ʲôҲ֪ΪܹúõĺһأҴˣѾˣҲ֪㽫ʲôҲˣҪΪ˸ҪǵĲҵ⣬Ǻܶ˵ƺͷչ⣬治ܲӹ˽С
̾һҶ˵Ϊˣʵǲܵ飬Ǯ縡ƣҪ׬Ǯǳļ򵥣ȻˣҲⷽʲô仯ҪִôңҲûʲô취
ôôأҶ󽫾۹м˸ôѾʣҶ֪ûкôôǺӵء
Ҷվ˵䳰ȷҲãôҲãѾһҲ˵Ļ֮ԼΪ֮ɡ
˵꣬Ҷת뿪˷꣬ҶѾûκεĹϵˡ
ӴԺ󣬷ֵ
Ҷû뵽һᷢ飬ѡֻΪ˶ԵЩ๤ԱԼͶд飬һɵ飬ûɲúõϧԼͶɹ
ҶҲǺܺãûٻѡǵֳǿųӰӻرĴϿȣͣ˹Ͳ߽˾档
û־ͽϿȵĴϿȣҶɵ˷زԱߵǸزشϿȣǸ˱־ĺˡ
Ǹ˵ˣҶʱ˺ܶ࣬źܶһʯ·ǰߣ·߶ïܵĴ֣żȻ仹СϪǺˮʶкܶĳУܺõĻܼһЩСޡ
Ͽ˵ȻԭҶһЩ˼ŰﾭӪԵ۹ڵĻƻ̶ȣھ侩ôĵطܳԭʼòڡ
Ϊ˱ĻŶſǻ˺ܶͲĵطǳ׬ǮȴһֱǮ棬˾泩ǰһ˰ɣ
644ǹ
ԽǰԽ٣ⲻ˵ⲻãʵϴϿȵãΪǰ߾ͱȽΣգïܣûְȻ˹ʯ·ֳֹٴʧٵ¼ԳĳЩñȽ̽ߣοͶֹֻȥЩȫĵط
˿ʧٵ¼Ҷ֪ȻǸĴڣҲ޷֪ܣ̽˼Ҳûʲôֻ֣ò֮Ǯ¡
Ϊ羰ǳоο͵ıƣŶŵķӦҲ죬⳥λʧʮˣûҵøϲðյǰ
˵ĺ޷ƵĶԽعĶԽֵܳĹǵĺģϿعۼĴڣڵƷչȥӦܹӯٴӱӯǮˡ
ЩҶҲûеʲô¶ӯӯģҲһˣϵĲƸģÿһÿһ붼ڴͻۣŶžҲܰеĲƸ§ڻһЩһЩҲҪñҲŰɣ
ҶŲУƤЬװܲͻЬԲʾװѻ·ӽԼĿռ棬ǳïܵĴȥ
֮ҶһСɽѾǴϿȵСɽȲԶһɽɽϻһССء
ſɽԵʣľɫǳֲҲǳ⣬Ҷûʲôϵһʱ򣬿ľ龰
ҶϲСɽȣ⼸꣬ÿر𲻺õʱطһģȥʱͻ
Сɽ˵ĵطǵеƬޱŨĲݵأƬݵм򳡴СһɫûУȫ͵ݣ棬ݵĶ˷ҷоɾһ
Ҷڲݵţ۾ʶĿεϴգûһ˿ƲʣĵĲһĵ̫ůϣ粻ʱգԶķҷˮʪ󣬳̾һ˸ǷҶͳ硣
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ʱѾҹңɽ澲ĵģСֻзҡҷľ졣
ǹȣĺʺСɽȣҶ֪˯һС죬һļµΣͬʱҲһܰΡ
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Ҷûֻǵ˵֪λȻôˣ͵ҵ·˼𣿡
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ܹҶ˯ŵʱ͵·޷ֵˣ϶һˣ룬ҲǱʵˡ
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ҶЩľˣʲôôܷȴ޷ҵмأ
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Ҷһ춼ûгԷôóԵģȻǲŹҪԵԼĶӲУ˸ֱʱһھƣͣ˶ԼЦ˵λҹǿҳԷİɣ
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̲֪ôð˳ڿƬҶһһ˵̣ģˣ춼ȥʲô˰һ춼ûпӰӡ
̵Ŀһۣ˵ĵԽԽˣԽԽˡ
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ҲҶ̵壬ڸס˻ᣬ˾ͷһЩεĳ谮
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ȥǸطȥϵˡҶʮ˵ֱۣģʹأɫ
ԼһԺҶѾһ棬ҲǱѩرϵµããѪһȵֵĴţϴ֣źҶ򲻿
̿ŵҶ̾һóһԿף쵽ŰԱߵԿ׿һšһӦ
ҡҡͷȥҶֱ߽ͨУҶֹ˼֮Ҳ˽ȥȴǵ漴ϡ
ͨһĹκһطǵģҶ˱γ档
ЩǵĹɲʲôγ棬ֻһЩСʯͷˣǷ䣬ڵʲôҶҲö֪
Ӧֿ͸˼ȴûнʲôýͰɣֻһƵпƲʵܿļУҶ󣬲֮˾ֵһǰţǱһ硣
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˵ҡҡͷϧʵʲô˼أҪǻĲģҲˣûʲôʵ塣
ͻȻҶĳһסˣһôֻأֻŵı־𣿡
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ǵһҶȻʵԼЩ˽⣬˵ҲһֱûʣЩ飬˺ʵʱҲʺʵҲǺԸ𡣡
ΪģסˣطԭסȻ˶ܹȴ޷뿪ط棬ԾǻҲûж˼˻϶ˣϴôһӣֻǹһȥͷˣͨ㣬ʵҲҸ棬ǸʵѡѡôңŪû¶ǹͷ
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⼸ڵͷһɱߵ̸ʱ򣬶һ飬ͻȻ䷢˾УǼ˹һ໽ܵˡ
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ϹˣҲˣֻҶϤˣŸɣģҳǶʶҡ
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Ҷͷûзԣͷģ壬˵ǿ󣬲ͷ̫ˣ䶼ѣԾԾԵӮһ̣
һ̣ͷӶһŰӣҶûжӣԼһ̣Ҳûгɣһźӡ
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ȥʲôҶ˿ɫ̫ˣŪݣȥ˲ٵıʱ䡣
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С˵ú˵ǺС塣СôӲʲô֥ҶƽˣС˷ۣһɫѸŪÿЦá
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ҶΪˮǲɳԵʣϸһǰϵЩˮΣȻָͲô¶ˮжζĻƺɫСӣǺˮɫҪԭ򡣡
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С֮ƿռʧˣһٳֵʱѾ˿ռͷ­֮УֻһСð͸Һ壬ѪҺ
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ŮЦҡҡͷ˵ϹΪڻɡ˵ţѾʧ档
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źܴĴ֮ϣȺɣѩ״ϵǶĿĺ̴ִɬС֪ѾҶԵˣСô̰Ժɫ
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ҼңҶ԰ҶЦཱུСһڣ˿̽ޱȿɰ۸ˣǶǷ뷨ܲΪԼĿ
Ҷ԰ҿӦýл԰ʣ߽԰ҲСϹ˵أȷҶϣգźڰ׷ĵ
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ҶϽ˵Ȼһ԰ˣôСˣôҪһׯ԰
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СŮ޷ܣȻ޷Ҷǳ˼ֱɢŰ
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ǵȻ֪ŮǰǵǰЩءûЩŮҶҲܰǺǰһһԺһĶûС
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ҶǼ˻ƶŮϥҸ췢飬֪ľͶˣ֥ҲϰΪҶ谮ˣǺԼÿֳʵҸ
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ڴ۵ļ̳ˣһֱźܴ飬һֳɣһ̩ɽΣһɴӼΣһɶӼΣڷȺˣڶڶӼΡ
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664
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ģûһǼٵģ⻹ȫ棬ҪܹõȫϢƻ˶һģ˭뵽𼣵ţʵѾȻɳΪӴǹ͸˸Ͳأ
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˶Ĭˣһף亹Ҷ˵ȥĻͻһ졣
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Ҷԣ˲裬СֶĴʮָۣ˼£΢΢Щ죬һӳ޷ƵĴ磬סԼžȹ޳ȣ뵽ҹͽ񳿸۸龰Щˣ峺ҲЩʡ
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ʵź͵λ֮һ顣Ҷ⻰̾Ͱ˵ĺĶ
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ҶһŽ޵һֵѾȫ̵ļƻѾʵʩһֻ֣Ҫͨסܣô£˵ĵ۹ľǣΪǵ˽ũǸʱ򣬾ջļˣ
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665
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ҶǶļûţǼŮŵˣᷢôţÿһΣһ쵽ĵĸСƵģԽԽƯ˵鶼ԽԽɰԽԽˣ
˶ףֻзǳҸѻŮӣŻֱ仯ȻˣδŮҪҸҲģҶĶţˣ
ҶڼŮ˵ˣôţŮ˷ĿΪŮˣ˶УΪǮΪˡ
ҿҶ߲ܵˣ󣬾ͻ׵ı緢ϣ
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Сʹ괬ŻԶ
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ҪǣҶĽƽʱҲĹܣֻʱ˲Ż֣ͱ˲Σңһ۸û߸ͽһ۸ĸоÿÿǷ졣
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ҶǾýԽԽˣҲԽԽˡ
666ظ
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ᣬϹ˼ҸҲ֪һ£˼ҺˡССŮһŤСǹﻬСȴøһЩȻķԲԡ
Ҷհ˿ǵһ۵Сƨƨ£СѾͷʱͺߺʳָ󶯣Ķ糿ԼС޷˵ڲֵ֪۰
ֵʱǶݣҲ֤˰˹̹ʱ۵ȷԡ
ֻҶˣ˶ȥϷĺ̲ĵȥˡ
֮ûиȥΪŬҪСӣһǶﲻҶǶԻȡãҲ˻߻żҪû˺
ǣŮ뿪ʱһֱڣһֱս״̬ﶼװҶӣѾԤУһǻˣһ뵽ԼɰСС˵ͳ졣
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ϹҶˡ
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ȳԳһЦ§ס͵ǰ͵ǵ˼ڣͺķֿȥԡϴ˸ԧԡһ£һݳȥԷ
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Ҷ͵Щûпⱥܷıǿȵİµϣֳضǣһ㶼棬Ҳۣ㹻ĵ͵ԵûвΡ
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ȴ˸ǷԺ˵ϹҺ˯˯Ŷ
ҶεĿſɰСޣղ˵Է˵Ҫ˯ҲŮﰡǱĪⰡ
ҶҲ֪ۻˣ۵ĴһȾ˯ˣͣ³ŵλ˯Щ
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ÿ˶Լŵ㣬˽Լŵ̶ȵķ˳˳ɾͣе˷ӵĶԼȱʲôûлᷢӣһӶĬĬŻǳı
ӣͰĳ˳ڳŮǣʮֵĵ͵˳ƬǳƬ˳ʷصŮǡ
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ĳţھ֪ǲ벻ˣȻһͷСͷڰбԣûоգҲ˵ĻĿ⡣
Ҷȶţûд򿪳ֻĬĬĿھͷĥ鶼һЩʲôأ
ھʮֵĮﻹһЩĨȥˣҶһμʱִǲͬһַһЩǺܺõ顣
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Ҷͣ˳ȻѣСѾͷոҪףŴ·˳ĸ첲߽˵С
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Ҷ󽫾ôԵûˣ˼ԵȨʵ㲻£
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С㣬ȻҪ˵ȽϹŹ֣ҶһĥԺʱ֣Сӡ
϶СӣҶľЩ벻Щ˾ȻԼĸڣھһ
ҶΪСӲ飬Ϳ϶ûк飬üͷھϻʲôϽ˵ûǷϻ
С㣬ҪżҪֺûǹԹԵҿɲұ֤ǻ᲻˵ĻǸСӣҶѾĳ࣬һӲСӵˣװ
СȻЩ˵ͷͷȻСӣǼ˿ӦҲǣȻҲǻĵ۹Ĺӣκʱ򶼲ȱ٣һǲɱ֮
Ҫʲô˵ɡھȻһֱƴѹԼյСȭͷ۾ﲻʱ˸ķŭܿó
ܼ򵥣ȣС·ɣҪõһŵŷĳŵռ壡
668ǧѷ

ھŭˣԵʿݺݵĶס˶ԷǼˣʱС֮еǸǸŮͻȻһ£ͺûƵģھԵ˶Ѿ˺˵ϣʺѪҺȾɫĵ̺
ھȻһǧ𣬲ûһŮŵüл߷ʲôģֻǸʿƤ̧ͷʱ򣬿ǸŮ˵˵ˣ
С˵ĻҲֻǺСӰˣҵˣ㶯ˣ
СӺţЧ֮ͻȻ˵죬ҲѣҲѣѾɲˣѣ
ھĬһڻǿʼԼ¿ۣСӶаЦʱҶͻȻżӦһˣЦ˵ܺãܺãϲɱСӣҲϲ˽£벻һӾͶˣ治Ǻǣ
ھһҶʱ־ĸоȻĵһӡ󲢲ãЩСӻҪӣЩСӵʱȴԼȻǺҶȴȴǳЩСӣǾͶģ£
ھȻûм˵ֻҪɱǣٰҵõҰְֺ͸ķԺˣʲôʱ뿴·ҶѸ㿴һ裡
ھǻȥˣ޿ҶĳƺץһᣬȻǲ
۹֮Уû˭֪ҶǳǺܶ෽ģҲӵų޷ֵ˵Ѿﵽ˳ʥľ磬ǰھţɸղҶͻȻ龰Ѿֵ֤˴Բ顣
ҶѾھһݣҲﲻæĻôҲֻѡСЭ֮ˣ뵽龰Ըѡ
ǣھûȨѡɱܰԼĸ常ﲻܣɱܹѣǶ˵ǲТˡΪǣͳ˳֮ĳˣôᶥŹͷԼСӱأ
ããε飬̫̫ˡ
ҶһھڵѾ⿪һӣѩļѾ¶СһƬһĹ֣Ѿֳ˱ɽһǣ֮µĸʣеĸӸ߲档
ðҪסĻʱʱһ˿ǻ˵ģССƨƨ
ҶЦھһָǸСŮ˱˻һңһ˲˻һң龰̫ˣھСǶɵˣѵֻڱħ۷
ǻ޷ţǰһʵõĳһ̣һСӸҶһһõڵֻ촷۵ʱ˾ͶһжʵĴڣʲô۷ˣ
ʵʤκ˵ǣҶѾָͷ֤ǿھϲѣҪʱص㶼ԣ̾ͱסݺݵһͨȻԼĵһΣֻҪܹץ˾Уʵ̫ˡ
Ҷǿ󣬽ھǱѾ볾ģָעµĻһֱѰһˣΪֻһңɼ룬ȴ벻˿ͻȻʵֵĻᣬôܹǧѷĻأԲᡣ
669¹ӿ
ʣµĸСӶͷԣҪߵʱȴѾһޱǿסˣ޷ȥǵȴɵģ˵ʲô˵Ϊޣ⣬벻ǣͿ˼ҵ顣
㵽ʲôˣСӵͷͷǿ򶨣ݺݵĿҶ
Ҷž͸һ⣬մãȴ÷ݺݵǽϣŵ³һѪ
Ҹү˦ݣ֪Ҷ˵һͣСӴòΣ֣ͣңңһʱ͵õǸСԺеȫϢ
벻ȻǺպɽأֻ벻ɽ龹ȻǶ孵һĻ⡣
Ҷ⻰ǼСˣô֪Щ飬ɶǸ߶ȵĻܰ
뵽˸ղĳ˵ֶΣСҲͲ֪Щ߶ȻǼôˡ
ڣǵƿҵҪЩ顣Ҷ˵˻óһСӣ򿪺ӣװһЩСҩ裬ֶһһţȥҵķԸҸ滨Ļһʲô
Ҷɭɭ˵⻰Ц˵УҪΪܹҵǸܷ飬Ҫҵˣ뿪磬޴Բ˵ǻû뿪ı¡
Ҷ⻰ʵǼСӺھΪǿŻ߱˵ȴ֪˵Ķʵȷʵ¡
СεĽҩȥȻҶͷ뿪ˣȵЩ֮ҶǸѾ͸˵СͷͷַŽԼĿռȻֻȥھһЩ䣬ȻҲͬʱõȫ䡣
ھѹʱֻǵԼԷģʲô벻ˣҲ常飬˷ͻصԼסʼİãҲ򲻵ѶŵӪ
ҶͨӰ֪ھǱߵ飬ģߺȼԷĳһСʱ뿪;Уȥ棬СŮ˼ҶȻǲɨˣȥ˾ĵҹè
ҹèڵ۹ĸмзֵ꣬ķֵļңǶؾǵ棬ǳĻ𱬡
ֵطҶһǲϲģҲˣֻںò׵õ˺Ҷһʱ䣬ȻҪкܶС붼úõʵ£ЩСС֮УһǺһȥ衣
߽ҹèҶһƱ볡Ǻܶ;ưɵĹΪǶһЩԴ
ŮֳԿ˵ĴڣŮ볡ŮӶˣȻŮֵļʾԽǳĴʲô١
ŮҪ͵ҲǺ飬ټҶǲҾ徵ĿǴѼñ˺ܶĿ⡣
ǵĿɱҶǵĿҪ࣬ǲ֪ĹڨҪҶᵶᰮ
С㣬һ𣿡һſܽɹʿ˵Ҷѡӡ
Ⱦͦ˼ģЦû˵ֻǿԼϹҶÿˣ˵ǲǻˣҪǻ˾ֱ˵˷ҵʱ䣬Ǳ߾·һĳݺݵײȥ
670׷
Сӣôү˵أǲǣɹʿ󻹴űأҶЩ⡣
Ҷ̾˿óֻ˸绰ɹʿıҪҶĵ绰һƴ÷׸ߺüʮԶݺݵײĴʯϣѪͬʱȻ𡣡
ˣˣʱ򣬾ˣ·Ҫ˵ľһȿǸùи˶ˣʼһ仰û˵ֻӵ˳Ҷĵ˵ͷ
Ҷ֪ط治ˣʹ뿪ľԥһûǰգЩˣ˻Զ
ҶȻһҵҹèĸģȻ󣬵ӵĻ𱬣Ҳʮֵңһȥ֮ᵽɶɺ;ƺζܳӡ
Ҷüͷ̫ĻˣɿһȸԾҲͲ˵ʲôֱ߽أʼ衣
ȵúܺãҶǺҵ࣬רҵϵͳѵѧϰ̨鳬ḻȱȲҲ
һЩĵΧ˹ҶɨһۣʱͶðһ亹ϽԶ㡣
Ҳǲһ飬湻ˣؼңҶؼˣʹ˵
ߵͣʱҶһӰһɯ٣ɯһƯ˦β˴֡
ҶǸӰϤͻȻһ뵽ǸӰ磬û
ôˣϹ
ɻĿҶ˳ĿͶķ򿴹ȥһ޵ɯ١
ǸŮ磬׷ȥ
ҶȸϽ˳µβ׷ȥããвͣĴ󣬽ľʻ˽⡣
ɯͻȻͣһŮڳĿŴӳҶʵҸʲôв𣿡
ҶɫĿ˵㣬㣬㡣㲻ʶ𣿡
Ůм˵벻ҪĵϷòãҪڨδҲ̫ˡ˵ⲻһλôŮ𣬻ʲôôǲǺܲʰ
ȼƬУŮرһˣ˵¶¶¶¶
ŮɻĿһֹۣһ񾭲ϳͲţ۵糸ȥ
Ҷȶһۣ̾һϳ׷ϡ
ȻµûɯܵĿ죬Ҳûи¶ԶټҶȶһˣûˣҲɯ˦
ɯٵ˼񾭲ƶᣬֻٶͣ³ʱѾһ˫ԣɱڵĿ³˵ҪҿǹҲɱǣҲҪ
ҶȶһۣЦʱŮǵЦݼŭˣؾһǹµϳǰ̥һ
Ϊһס񾭲ģȴʲôöûУ˼һЦĿĿ⿴ԼͺԼǸڲһ
ΣŮǹľˣźǣЩӵ˵ǰ͸һεϵס˵ϣŮŻˣӵ֮󣬶ǹϳܡ
ΣӼû׷һʱͻȻӳĺӾںϣЦء
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֨һɯ·Ȼ˸ͷˤ·ԵĹȥһûз
ǣǹŮʵ
Ҷ̾˿ҪϷˣӦ֪˻ǹʵҲˣҲһ仨ˣ𣿡
Ůһ£ȻЦˣûļԺܺãҵȷҲˣȻʲô֪ղŻİϷЩ¾˵£˵Ķû
ŮܹҲʹ죬ҶȴԿЦҶ˵ˣǲûпЦ㿴˭
ҶƬݸŮŮӹȥһۣɻ˵ôҵƬأ
־òԣƬͲģһŮƬ
˵ʲôʲô¶¶һôأŮķӦܿ죬Ͼʶ⡣
ûʲôһһǹʲô֣Ҷ˵ѾǸղôĺˣžӸָʹ˼
Ůüëһ룬Ӧòǹܰɣ˵벻˵ɡϲ˵ˡ
Ҷɫɵ𣿡Ȼ쳤һץȻʧַɿĳ֣ץԴޱʹӡ
Ϲ㡣һȰ˵ΪʲôҶһӾͷղŻܺء
ҶſŮ˹ȥָĲ˵㿴ǳϻˡ
ϻ᣿ЩԺ
Ҷйسϻ͸ϻ̫ˣҲûж˵ֻǴԵ˵һ£˵ŶĳЩ˵һСϷѣϷƵģֳû´棬ǵУҲʱʧĶ
˭ҶʵʵѾŲµˣЩ˿϶ĵ˼ˡ
˵˭أȻˡ
ҶͻȻ뵽һ⣺ȣ˵˲뿪𣿿뿪Ҳʲô鶼ûа
ǲͬģҲԭסһ뿪ģǵĸ
ûжͣҶҲûжʣ˵Ȼͻ˵ģԺ飬϶֪
ǸӰˣûʲôô˵
Ҷͷ֪ʵҪҵˣȷ磬˵ǳ¶¶Ѿ޸˼䣬ǰ鶼ˡ
˵ǻ𣬸ָ˼ͺˣ黹練𣿡
Ҷָļ䣬ѹ֮󿴵ҶʵϹʲôط
ҶЦ˵㣬˵ʲôط
￴˿ȴȣɻ˵˭
˵Űһ
籾Щأһ̹ϵӣһ㶼û֮⣬ǲ˼˵ʲôˣҶǸʲôˣǳ
Ǵ侩ôأߴȵŲܣȻ
ҶͷûǴ侩߰ɣǻؼҡ
⳵˭İɯأϲɯ١ϲĿһۡ
İ߰ɣͿɡ
ҶŮɯ٣Լ򿪰µϣȻúõĺһΪܹúõӦߵı仯ȺһϤһ±ȽϺá
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ĸŮĸǳãҶǿЦˣͰһʰˣУŷ֣ǵһء
ҶĻԼʲô飬һ꣬ԼܹصҶߣܺԼĹһľÿɹ
Ҷĸ˺˯ȥ˸ںǣŴˮԼĽյҹ
ʱۣһתֹȥһ£ĵ۹ĵλ֮Ѿ˰Ȼĳ̶ȣҲķչԼҶ˼װˣյ룬ҶȺίߣȴʱ̵ĵ
ȴĹ尾Ḷ́Ҷ˵ʷǳãȴҲܲЩżֻǱ϶װòûаʵľ̹¶
ҶȽģĵҪǵϡ
ǲ֪ôŵ˻һ𣬻˸ƵģԾŶչĴͱҶúõĺ̸һ̸˼Ҳ̸ҲΨг̾һʱȥˡ
ǽнԶҶܲζʼʡǲԼƵ˶أ
Լ߳ȥĻҲȥǱߣΪǱߵĴֺ͹ӡ
Ҷ漴뵽ԼûʲôԲǵĵطΪŵȥԹޣ͹˵˵ӪĻôԼ⣬˭Բ
ˣΪ˶ԲԼҲҪԼǲǶԵˣ
뵽ҶӲʵҲܲӲ縺˵ƺҸܲԼӲһЩǾǶЩ˵ĲΡ
һ죬ҶĺڴͻȻе绰ֻϡ
ιλ
Ҷ󽫾Ůҵһ㲻Ǳʬ壬ĸֳĻ͸Ͻ
ҶѾվ绰˵ǰĲӣ˵вң㹻ʸ𣿡
Ҷһ֣˾ͻ˻һңһֿ֣˾ʣĸţŮˣǹȥŮˣѾˡ
ҶڵŮ϶ҶµӡǣֻҪһ⣬Ͼͻ֪ҸҲ֪ʱضܹȥԮ
Ҫ֪ҶŮ˰ٷ֮ʮѾ˹ٲΪˣ˵ʵҶŮ˵ʵƾŶϣҲδؾʤ㣬֧Ԯ
Ůˣһ˾ǣҶЩ⣬Ǹ⣬ôҲ벻Ҷķʽ֡
ŮһҶ͸˵Ҫ˹Ҷһ֣ǾʧصӦûȥĵطڱմȾ˵ŮˣҶмȥ
벻Ȼ㡣Ҷܵǵɫһ䣬һ˵ҶԽʹеŭԽΪѣָơ
ǸˣҲ߹ͷ­Լ֪ҶܷŭҲǵһЦҲ벻벻̫ˡ
ҶһͻȻʵ˵ɣʲôʹôģϰɣ
ǵЦһӾˣ˺һ̾˿˵˾һã̫ˣҾǾԲңӦøۡϧǣ޷ɹ㸶ۡ
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Ҷ˵꣬ʩʩȻˣıӰ۾Щ죬һ±ӣȵҶ뿪ԺͷصĿҲ֪ϲǺĪ
ʮ֮˾ţҶҲ֪еʱźûźĻϣһЩ
ǵĽ⿪һо˺ܶ࣬ΨһģΡ
Ҳ˵ĻҶʹżȥˣʲôȨǹʺúõĿֵ̤ʵ
Ҷص˹Ժ󣬾ͨԼƵһЩҵһôҪĽɫԲǺңȷֻǻԶʱҲܰȫ֮ҶһЩָʾǵ鴦ãջʶ
ôʱ˫ԼҶڵΪѾ񷣬ҪһǰŻܴһЩвĸоڣҶѾ΢
Ǹ߶Ⱥ;粻ͬԵʰɣһվڲͬĸ߶ȣﵽͬľʱȻȻͻŲͬĹ۸кͿ
һǧУһǧķأһ˵һǧӽУҲһǧͬ磡
ĺѾӽβҶѱֺƬβ㶨ֿ֮һõƬβöһⲿӰƬѾɡ
󣬡ȫӳᣬƼâҫۡ
Ҷûбֵ͵ֱվμηᣬ⻹һݳֳ
ΪҶ֪ҶҪμηᣬԸý嶼ʮֳ׼ȫֱչܹעĳ̶ȣøԶʵòС
ŮӣҲǰӣӣǵİӣɲǵǸӵСˣĹ⻷˱裬ҶַǳãҵɹͥҸҲʡ
죬ӣɫ˿ⱦЦȻվھŶմǸ̨֮ϣޱȶλ𾴵λҵѣϺá
һƬҵͬˮմΪմŶմҪϺüͶ룬һκδŶզð֡
մͶȻ󣬵ǴļֵҲ󣬴ǰɿʼڣѾջ˳ɱ׬ٽһͬմĲƸ˶ʼϲ飬һʼΪǸǮ¶׬Ǯûʲôܡ
ʵȴǡǡ෴ӳʱͿʼƱаչݳȵȻԼƱ룬ۼƵմǮֳĵز
ҶԼҲû뵽ֻиƱƻ۶ߣһʼͿ̲صľ޴̻ķǳɹȻֵЩ࣬Ҳ԰
ƱƽҲǡⲿӰļƣһݵĻ
Ҷҵ˽춼ˣһʢᣬûɲͲ֣ҲΪǹϯһ붼Ҷ޶ĵ̡
ͣӣһմ˵֮ǰһƬߡ
674´Ҷ
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Ȼһ㶼ֻ˵УӣȻڸ˼𣺡ʱһңǣǸŮӵ֣꣬㿴ʲôһ£ҿĦã
¸꣬ڲϵĳɳǸŮȴ֣߳ĻһֱǵãԼĻҲǵ
˵ı֣ӣõ͸УȾΣ˵ڣ곤ˣｨȫģˣҶ֪ǾŶŵĴʼˣҶ
Ȼܶ˶֪˵ҶҲܲϰǿǶȫƵĴţ浽ûߵĳ̶ȣû˸Ҳ
Ϊ˼أˣӣͿʼܡⲿƬӵĹڣһôҾϲһ£ʵ൱ҶԴ
ǸˣԭȻҶҶ󽫾ӰӰû¶Ҫúõĥĥýǣһʱֿ˻͹һʱˡ
飬޷ǾԣһЩʵƬмűݣ֮ǹãַǷ
ǣ˭벻ǣڡҪʼӳʱͻȻʮӵҶ󽫾ϣУѪɽվ̨ҶŵľƱ̨ˤ÷飬ʺɫľҺѪҺȾѩ׵ףŮֵĻ
Уңȫ𾪣
ֻһʱڵĿĻʽҶ󽫾¼Ժ󣬻ĵ۹˴δйĻ֮УֻһɢȫԵĻҡ
ΪʱġҶû֪֮پʹڱ״̬ǶȦӣҲû˼֪׼ȷ״
˵Ҷ󽫾Ѿˣе˵Ҷ󽫾ֲˣеҶ󽫾ʲô¶ûУȵȵȵȣ˵硲һ㣬׼ȷϢ˭֪Ҳûվ˵飬һжأĪ
״£ĵ۹ĵλ֮˷״̬ÿ춼ٵΪ֮׳״ңųûţҲûֲ֣鷢
ң̫ˣ־ƣһݣ
侩ĳĻҶ§ڱģ¹һѩʺӵߡ
̣ôˣҶ˸ǷĦǰ˵ߺͽѩ۵ļ̷̾Ϣ¥סĲӣϺݺݵһڣ˵ô¡
ǱȻģҪǲҵĻôܹˮءҶ˵㣬̵ĵ̵ɣĴ£ʱ˼ҵĻˣѹסݺݵĳһͨŰݡ
֮ȥҶͣҶڱﲻ붯
ҶȷˣֻûôأոѻŪôֲҪӵв֮ʱѾɸˣŲ֮ԶԷһţʹĻᣡ
ҶǲôͷģǶԷô˺ûᣬǰ˼ƻڻѾʤȯգֻʱ⡣
675
׼ʱܼѣսʱⷴ
Ҷôʱ䣬˵Ƿ鶼뵽ˣ㲻ŲߣҲ׼֡
һͳһһѪɺӵʱҶȴں޶յӣò⡣
ҶʵûʲôµģѾϵ⣬Ҷô缰ô磬ôԾôԣ򵥵òټ򵥣ؼǿθô
̵պܺãҶְŹǣӣ㶹ǣǵصıˡ
ҶҲѵһ磬ǡöڣ;Ͱһᣬʱ⣬
ֻһСΧȹϴƹأҶ˽ӱһʹӺĽ壬ǳĴ̼ʮֵĿ֣ûһ͵۷弸Σ̱һ̲ˮȫҶӵվȡ
˳ղ˰СʱŰѲһ£һԷ
ǳԷʱҲûд·Ļᣬʱ䶼Źһ߳Էһ߻Ҫ۸Ȼĺϲ۸ЩܲסˣһֱھûͣоҪŪɢˡ
ϹҰɣ˼ҺúõϢһסˡһλ֮ʱͰ͵ĿҶ
ðҲˡҶ˵㻰˻ܵĽأԶһ£ܲˣ͸ղǰ۸ʲôأ
ûа취˭ͰôҪĻǰҲΪŮˣҪ˵طˣⶼעģԾͷſԼֻҪľͺãĵʱֻӵĿ֣
һٷԵҪʱ򣬳ˣҲڵˣ̵Ļ˵ҪǾһͣȥɣٷԴһֱԵһ졣
⻰ǸЦʵҲĲĵʵ뷨Ҫʱһֱȥ
Ϧ£Ҷǣ̵С֣ѾЪҵĶȼٴε˹ԱطֻҶˣڵĶ硣
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ҶȻûаѸղ˵Ļһ¶ûЩҪȻĻĻῼǲҪӣǶ˵һܼѵѡ񣬵ΪҶã޷
Ļ͵һڣҶǰӣ˸սַŵ·Ƿݽʱ̱ڵĻˣǸƷӹɡ
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ûиҶ˵ĻᣬþҶܵһҹʱ⡣
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ҶòϣڵǰǸаһٱ˵Ƶ¯زһ㣬ԭɵСԶԶģòֹòԱ𣬱ĻǻۺԸ񡣡
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ٿҶԵǸСѾͷʱûˣʵ˭ʶҿɲϵ㡣
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ҶСѪԵĶֹȥĳ嶯СֺſС֣ѽѽĳҶк˼Ҫ
俴һĻ۾ͻȻһᣬֹסĵת߽ķ䣬ſڴ
Ҷûûģ߹ȥСһﱧ˻Ǹ԰ɣСһﶼСֱסĲӣʪСϲˮһȣȷĶӣоԼĺΣԲ
Ҷ־ΪоѾǳ׼ȷʲôģΣĸо׼
СҶĻ˲ӣʹ˹Ƿ˯ˣСӵľÿ죬˵˯˯ҶСһﱧ߽ݣ˿ɳϣһ飬ݡ
ҶǸڳϴˣȻΪˣܲѺӶ˰ɣȻˣʵ飬һ֪࣬ˣСʵῴˣ˵ҶԲῴһ˵ıΡ
Ҷ߽˷䣬ſʳĹ䣬һɫȹӣѩȹµѩźƵСȺֻޱѩ۵ɰСѾ﷢ȣɵϴε顣
ǣһѽˣȹӣʹһ֮󣬰ư͵ĹͿ޲ˣúߺ֮룬̲ס͵͵ܵſŷ͵ͣſˮ۾ˮ
ͻȻ¡һ죬ĿĹâ۾ȵâʧʱַѾһˡ
۵ĿԭﲢǿһˣССأǶ۾ĴޣӸŻˡ
ϽܹȥǿĽСԼ۵Сϣǣ˵Ҳ֣СĲӣˣﻹģ³ҵġ衱
ҵʱҶŭգŵĹ䣬˵ǺӲģǲǣ
仹ǲŴƣҶ欵壬ĴϣĸϵЦ˵ҪôĻͲ鷢ˡ
ҶηһĵطʵʲôطܲΪ˹ӸҳԶɣ
ЦŵͷûҾǸԶˣ͸ˣ˼һʲô취أ
˵꣬ǲҶӣֱǰˣ崿ģǴྶͥҶǾıĿ
˲ò࣬ˮưˣ˼
ҶһŹ壬һղôԼĵأղ̫ܵͶˣȻûע⵽⣬˵ɫͷһѵ仰治Ƿϻ
ҶطúЩ죬һҶ˵ڽĵܲѾˡ
ҶһԼ壬𾪵ķֹȻסˣ޷ʹãԪ뿪壬ȴ֪Ƿ֣ǹԼֽţ߽пܡ
692Ե
óˣѾҵĹƶһԱڶ޷ģоԸ㣬ɲһˣȻ֣;ԲʧܵĿܣҲгɹѵĿܡ
ںĹͻȻ˵ôһ仰Ҷһۣǳ峺ղҵ̬Ϸʵǳѡ
ǣָϻ𣿡Ҷ侲ʵ
仹ڼֿʼϷ˶˵죬ҶҲϷĺܿˣǸš
ǰ㲻֪𣿡ЩѾ˹ؼʱ˵⻰һӣ̱Ҷϲ붯ˡ
һճյĿ̾˿˵֪ʵһֱԥʮҶԥҪҪôֱ죬Ҳźò¶˾ģҪ
ΪʲôұҪҶûһ˿ңȴӹпһ˿ԥ
еԥźûа취Ϊɱ㣬ϻŻʧŻᰲ㲻˶ҪֻЩ˲ѣǵ棬ܺ˵Ტۡ
ǾˣͳϻʲôϵأֲǳϻͷӣҶЩɻҪҲװɣ
ҶŹ䣬ӹζУһЩ˼Ķɴ۾ʵ㲻˵Ǹϻᡣ
ǸϻһִģЩħҲûµģǸĴ죬֮ǰѭĶƽⷨ򣬶Ū֮оҲûƽ⣬ֻһȺΪϷķӣ
˵ЩЩȻŭ֮˼ˣҶҲŭˣʲôʱЩͳϻڵʱҵΪһᴩԽ
û˵ֻǿҶҶર죺㲻˵ĴԽˣŪЩİɣԽȻ֪Խʲô˵顣
֪𣿾һͳϻᣬﶼϷôô棡
˵꣬һСӣʱѾ׵ûԥź˵ɱΨһķֻҪһķȻҲ
Ҷ˵ôĻʹˣҵķʶɱҺûκεĹϵɱҲûκεĹϵôʵͽ͡
ҡͷôĻʹشˣʵֻҪɱ㣬ʬͻʩչһܽǸ𣡡
ҶҪ˵еСѾĴ壬һ޷ݵ캮Сһ˲䣬Ҷ˼άͣˡ
ҶٶȻָʶʱ򣬷ԼƮƮһɽﵽƮǸεģڣһƵʶ
ĳһ̣ͣҶһɽ˳һɽεһһʬ壬Ǹʬüһģһֻ΢΢Щɣ
ҶʬһԺֳ˺ܶĻ棬Ūһ飬ǾʬǸͳϻˣѾˣֻû֪͹ûκιϵ
Ҷʶ֮Ŵܳģǰʶһֱѹʶ棬ûʲôã˵ʵ벻ķѾķһˣ
693㲻֪
ҶԺһҶ֪ʵڵһȥʱмʶռݰˣ⼸ʶеһƣбңԶʱУһˣǸ΢ʶסȵռɺȴָǸȻ׳ʶĿȨͬʱסʶٺ˾ͳͳϻĴʼˡ
˵ʵһɺϣΪڷѹҶʶ͵ΪȻѾ˸߲ʵĳ̶ȣȴһֱһţﲻԲľ硣
ҪҶʶҲΪζҪԼҲҲ棬ʱȻ߻ħЪˡ
˵ܼ򵥣ʵϷ飬ȴʵ٣˵һдһޱȵĴͷ֮ܳΪ䣡
˵֣ʵͽҶҲǸӵһͬǳصţˣֻϻ촴ʼ˵ݣȻһЩ
ҶΪԼʶռݣúԼˣ̾һͻȻ뵽һ⣺ȻԼʶѾ˱ôãô˼أӦǲ֪ղź͹䷢ЩŶ԰
סˣ벻ô¶ѵ˵ԼʶҲɵƾΥʶںһ
ҶڳͻȻϽһԵĶ϶Уۿ
ʦӦþ˰ɣ
һӢ߽ɽϬĿ⿴Ҷʬ壬Ҳһǰ
Ѿˡ俴һ֮˵
˵˵ͷ޹أѾһ꣬ȥʲôطأ
վĿĹâѰң˵϶뿪˵꣬ˣҲѽ
û˵ɨɨͻȻʵƶҶŪȥʲôط
ȻһתȻһЦʦҶ𣿡
ƶΪùʦ𣿡˵˵
ɫͻȻһ䣬Į˵ʦڵ۹дʱ̫˰ɣѾԭǸŮȻǺûŮʱһ
̾˿֪һֱܲҶԾôãҵãҵŮ
ãǴӸδһǸĸǱıְɣĸףѵͲŮ𣿹˼ҪǸ֪Ļһǧţҧгݵ˵
ɫã䵭ŹƱƣǲǵȴһ죬Ѿȵĺܾˣ
ûǵȵúܾˣĸ׵һ쿪ʼҾһֱڵһ죬ڣҵȵˡ䣬˵ƱԹĿ
̾˿ʵһ֣Ҿ֪һ죬ɱҿԣ㲻ҪҶʲôͼıǶٲ
ٲˣٲĲǣǣڣһΪµ֮ƿһУƱ¶˷飬ҶɽѾŪԴֻۣŪһ¶ǾƱƣǸ۹̳ҫŮӣӷǸš
ַ츳Ҳ츳ڳı棬ȴ̫Զ̫Զһһֱ֪
ֹ˹ӣƱʵʲôҲ֪
694
㽫ҶʱʶͻӦԽռ䵽ʶڵĵط
ķѾˡ
ƱͻȻľûУʱ˵һҲ֪ǾôʱԺ󣬻Աһʼʱ򣬾Ѿµ⡣
ܣܡ
ƱƸ˵꣬ɽͿʼضɽҡľ洫ĩһ
Ѿըˣһѿռըƺܴһռв֮ĩվͻ٣ܺãúܺã
ɫޱȲ԰ףһѪ벻һҵŮҲǱӦɣƶҲһ㲻ףʵ㲢ҵŮʵҶŮˣĸף
ͻȻ˺һһ촷ۣ
Ʊƴվɫޱȵĸӣɽʼѵһʧټ
ҶʱѾûеطֻ֮ǸҶϣԹƱܿʯͷһԵĶڷȥ
Ҷܵ˶ڣ˺ܶˣ˲ЩϽţķ֣Ŵ򲻿ˣļ⣬ų⡣
Ҷ̾˿һиʯѻܲͶ˽ȥϥԼĹܲá
ûãûãҶһʮķʱ򣬺¡һ춯صľ죬ʯȻ飬һޱӴѹѹҶϣǵһ˲ܵϢʹĸоˣ
һ˲䣬ҶˣʶоҲҪˣڴ˿̣ͻȻһڶʶ˽ȥ
һķתҶͺܴʶ͸ɢˣڰҶԼǸ޴ƽ̨ϡ
ƽ̨ϻɢһЩĶҶģǬľ
ǬľɢůϢԣҶоɢĹâů⣬ů
Ҷͷ˿ԼӰЩ飬ǰҪãЩļ˵İΣɴʱ˿̣ܴպϻѾǴףҲûá
ҶսľĬĬתʮķ˷ӦӿľΪģתҶʶ֮С
ҶʶıǿƬ̼䣬Ѿʵ壬гЩȹ̣ǾͰƽ̨ϵЩǶռĶҳһЩԭǬľһѵҩһ߷һ߷ĳԵҩļͳ̶ȡ
ҶԼʶбԤףʱѾڷҡãѷݺᣬϿʼ·ĵʯһˮŰŭ֮꣬һƬĩվ
ڣֻƽ̨ǰȫشƽ̨ҲʼƣҶûʱȥ취Լ壬ȻҩòһԽԼͶǬľ֮У˸ӣĲһһУѾʧѾõʧЧĻôͻٴαըΣʲôòˣΪʱһɢˡ
Ǭľûжʵȴޱ޼ʣҲὫǼСɽĸҩĵȲװ棬ҶⶦУ׺һڣ΢֮
695´֣
ʮ칦ٴתӶ֮ǳһĿնӿ룬аҶ飬ڲϵıʮ칦ѸٵĽתۼ͵ʮ죬ʱǬľ¡죬ײľҡ
Ҷľλã붨£ֻǷ߾ʮ죡
ԽԽӿҶ壬Ѿ̫ޱĿ忪ʼϵı󣬺ܿʹǬľװˣǬľмѹñΣĲֿʼЩհ׵Ĳ֡
ҶЩһ֪Ѿ붨޷ͻʮ쾳磬Զ޷ѹ
ļѹҶɢЩĲӿǣǬľѾ˻췢׵ɫ͸ҶһѾﵽ˰Ȼĳ̶ȡ
һ죬ǬľҶһըһޱĿĴѾڰֵв֮һж˹꣬˻֮С
ĳһɫٻٵɲǣȻͣźȻ죬ѸٵСת˲֮ѾССĿ
һ죬һڶڻʧĵطըǬľ˳ǶֱӵһͬӤˣҶ͸
ţٻٵǸɫ򣬾Ҷ˹ĵطҲǸʱ򣬸ǬתҶ͵һ𣬲ѣͬʱҲͷֹס
Ҷ廹ڷȡ͸ھڶһԽ޾ڣղŻѸٱСԵʣĺڶ̫񣬽ռݸˣ
Ҷ͸һתǬתھ;޵Ŀ飬Ҫӵžòô尾Ѿ޷Լ
Ǭת˵γһУСӲĽǸڶסе룬ͬʱĴӺڶ
УҶ͸ͻȻʲôԭһӣֽɣռֺγǣ
Ǹռ䱻ޱǿ˺ˣֳΣҶŮ˺ͺӣǳ֮Ҫн飬ʱҶ͸ϷĿѪ⣬Щ˶һޱȾ޴ĴѪ˵ͷϲͣת
ʱѾڲϵ飬ԽԽĿռ˻磬ڲͣײҶ͸ѾΧܵкͣײͣķ춯ص
Ҷ͸嶸Ȼֹͣʧѹӵ޴ѪҶ強ѹһѹСʱҶʮ칦Ȼƽ߾磬ʮ죡
¡һը죬һڶһԺڶԽԽȻӺڶ籡һɲǼ串ռ䣡
˹ڻ˺ĿĹâʧֱΣһʧˣѾԭǸ棬ƽ档
ĳһεŨ̵ϣһ޴ĵããƯ֮͵˺̲ϣĵůʪĺҫḧѪɫľ޵
һֻɫС޵˼ȦߴߴĽ˼ͬ飬ͬʱ˼ֻС޺ͼֻз
696´֣
ԽԽ˹Χ޵չۣҶں棬Ȼ澿ʲôôǶûпôĵأ
ʼֻɫСڴҵ£սս˵ϣצĴ£ʲôûУоĴʯͷһҪʯͷЩůЩ
СĴ˼£ŬĹȻüڵһ£ࣵһ죬һϽɿ
еĶﶼһķɿֻڹ̫ͷȥװȴĶ߷ˣ泯죬δйĴۣδееĿ־壬ҲδйŨҡ
ǣ˺һҲûпµ鷢ǶһԼĵСǲ˼ȻҶôСҲνˡ
ֶ˻ȥǼȿʱ򣬾޵ͻȻ׵ѣĿĺպʹ󺣣еﶼһ˲ŵöſﲻ
ܿ죬ѪɫĹâʧˣһ漣ĳǽϣ
ͬʱĳг˸棬˴ӳ˯ҡһͷ㱵ļǵãղһµΣ

ְ֡
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Сһǹ䣬ҲƱƴҶӣʵĺӣӵĹз⣬͸ƱطעŻһЩεļ䡣
ǸƱƴǴ¼ˣȻҶЩϲǸŮˣǻָȴǳммԼڶмԼı󣬲һͻصߡܣƱǸʱŵôһ־ģǶ飬ĥ
Ҷ̾˿ҡͷ˵ӣÿ˵ļ䶼ǲһģ˵ǾţǸʱҲС㣬ǻġҷۣСǰ
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